cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobicity Transfer Feature Comparison for HTV Silicone Rubber Polluted by Different Kaolin

In artificial pollution tests, property of inert materials significantly influences the hydrophobicity transfer of polluted high temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber(HTV) samples, so choosing inert material properly is of significance for improving the test measures and enhancing the correlation between the test results. Hence, we chose three types of kaolin as the inert material to study the hydrophobicity transfer of polluted HTV. In order to explain the differences in characteristics of hydrophobicity transfer for these HTV samples, we analyzed the microscopic morphology and functional groups of the tree types of kaolin using scanning electron microscope(SEM), thermogravimetry analysis(TG), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). Test results show that, the order of the ability which the pollution layers gain hydrophobicity from best to worst is as follows: analytical reagent(AR) kaolin, chemically pure(CP) kaolin, and industrial raw material(IRM) kaolin, directly relating to the microscopic features of kaolin. AR or CP kaolin, which is available on market, is probably metakaolin, a product of kaolin treated with thermal activation. The results are used as a reference for choosing proper inert material, or as supplement to studying hydrophobicity transfer characteristics for polluted HTV.
Current status and epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Henan Province

Objective To analyze the current status and epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Henan in recent years,and provide scientific evidence for the control of imported malaria.Methods Data of annual report about malaria in recent years in Henan and case reporting information were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.Results The proportion of imported malaria cases in Henan increased in recent years,which was 45,106,146,156 and 197and accounted for 2.78%,11.83%,46.50%,100%a and 100%of the total cases from 2009 to 2013 respectively.The cases occurred every month,most cases were young males with the sex ratio of 45.43:1.The average age was 37.27 years old and the most of the cases distributed in people aged 20~50 years.The areas with higher incidence of imported malaria included Zhengzhou,Luoyang and Puyang.The cases were mainly imported from Africa and SE Asia.The median interval from symptom appearing to diagnosis was 4d,only 17 patients(8.63%) were diagnosed within 24h in 2013.Sixty-one cases were reported by provincial medical institutions.Sixty cases were reported by country CDC.A total of 193 cases treated with chemotherapy were recovered and four patients died.Conclusion The epidemic of imported malaria is serious in Henan.The centers for control and prevention at different levels should strengthen the publicizing,training and malaria control and prevention,and improve the management for floating population to decrease the incidence of imported malaria.
The boldness of philanthropists

Last week, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg announced their new philanthropic initiative with the goal of “curing, preventing, and managing all diseases by the end of the century.” This may raise some eyebrows, but this effort—part of the $45 billion Chan Zuckerberg Initiative—joins forces with other philanthropists to push the envelope and support audacious ideas, with long-term commitments, to solve some of our greatest challenges.
Walking the Path Together from High School to STEM Majors and Careers: Utilizing Community Engagement and a Focus on Teaching to Increase Opportunities for URM Students

Despite decades of efforts to increase the participation of women and people from underrepresented minority groups (URM) in science and math majors and careers, and despite the increasing diversification of the US population as a whole (Planty et al in National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC, 2008), participation in STEM majors and STEM careers (including STEM teaching) remains stubbornly male and white (Landivar in American Community Survey Reports, ACS-24, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, 2013; National Science Foundation and National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics in Special Report NSF 15-311, Arlington, VA, 2015). This paper describes a project with two central goals: (1) to provide opportunities for URM high school students to engage in authentic science and math inquiry with the support of skilled college undergraduate mentors in the hope that these experiences will encourage these high school students to choose and persist in pursuing careers in STEM fields and, even if they do not choose those careers, to feel confident making complex, science or math-based decisions in their everyday lives and (2) to help the mentors (young people, mostly STEM majors) see teaching as a vital, intellectually challenging career that can provide them the opportunity to work for social justice in their communities. While it is unlikely that any one experience will help young people overcome the long odds that face them as they consider either path, our analysis suggests that projects of this kind can make a meaningful contribution to the effort.
Prospective associations of plasma phospholipids and mild cognitive impairment/dementia among African Americans in the ARIC Neurocognitive Study

Introduction The objective of this study was to investigate whether 10 phospholipids/metabolites previously identified as prospectively predictive of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia in whites would also be predictive in a mostly African-American cohort.
New spark-gap technology with efficient line-follow current suppression for the protection of powerful LV distribution systems

The electrical properties of low-voltage power systems (LVPS) can have a strong effect on the operational behavior of surge protective devices (SPDs) to be used for protection purposes. Besides the right selection, the qualification-testing of SPDs connected these systems has to be carried out under test conditions which meet the real operating conditions of the power systems in which these SPDs should be installed. In this regard, the “class I and Π operating duty tests” according to IEC 61643-11, chapter 8.3.4.3 is an essential test for the qualification of SPDs connected to LVPS. In this test the SPD is stressed with defined surge-current impulses while it is connected to a power system simulating the characteristic of the real LVPS in which the SPD should be installed. The focus of the work presented is laid on class I SPD based on a newly developed “line-follow current free” spark-gap technology. Fundamental aspects, like basic functional principles, construction details, the performance and also the advantages of this new class I SPD technology are presented and discussed in detail. A special focus is set on the performance of this technology in case of use in powerful LVPS with short-circuit currents up to 100 kA rms.
HEALTH CONDITIONS LINKED TO AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION ASSOCIATED WITH DARK ADAPTATION.

Purpose:To determine the association between dark adaption (DA) and different health conditions linked with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods:Cross-sectional study, including patients with AMD and a control group. Age-related macular degeneration was graded according to the Age-Related
Superatomic solids: Intercalation without altercation.

Building materials with clusters instead of atoms promises unconventional properties, but those 'superatomic solids' are often too fragile to manipulate. Now, intercalating a guest within an ionic layered solid made of fullerenes and metal chalcogenide clusters greatly alters its conductivity and optical properties without disrupting its crystalline structure.
Interrater variability in ASA physical status assignment: an analysis in the pediatric cancer setting.

The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status is a universal classification system that helps clinicians to categorize their patients preoperatively. However, there is a lack of both inter-rater and intra-rater reliability among clinicians for the ASA physical status classification. Our study focuses on testing these reliabilities within pediatric anesthesia providers in the cancer setting. In our retrospective observational study, a total of 1177 anesthesia records were reviewed. The cohort included all pediatric patients (≤ 18 years old) diagnosed with either retinoblastoma or neuroblastoma who had two or more anesthesia procedure within a 14-day time period. Overall, the ASA physical status score among two different anesthesia providers for the same patient treated at different times had very little inter-rater reliability, κ = − 0.042 (95% CI − 0.17; 0.09). Of the 1177-patient anesthesia records, only 25% had two or more ASA physical status score assigned by the same anesthesiologist within a 14-day time period. There was moderate intra-rater reliability κ = 0.48 (95% CI 0.29; 0.68) for patients who were assigned an ASA physical status score by the identical anesthesia provider at different times points within a 14 day period. In contrast to observations in earlier studies, findings indicate poor agreement in inter-rater reliability. Although there was moderate agreement in intra-rater reliability, one would expect to find stronger, even perfect, intra-rater reliability. These findings suggest the need to develop a specific physical status classification system directed toward patients with a systemic illness such as cancer in both young and adult patients.
The S.M.A.R.T.er Approach to Teaching Goals and Objectives

(2007). The S.M.A.R.T.er Approach to Teaching Goals and Objectives. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 49-56.
Enabling Collaborative Administration and Safety Fences: Factored Privileges in SQL Databases.

An access policy has many aspects, concerning both information and physical execution. Agglomerating them into a single SQL grant makes policies much harder to administer, especially at enterprise scale where administrators need to collaborate. We present a way to specify policies as a conjunction of factors, in a simple, regular way. Each factor decision poses a simple question, and when a circumstance changes, only the relevant factor needs to be revisited. Factors are also help for establishing “safety fences” on an administrator’s work, and for separating (global) information privileges to enable more powerful inference rules. To ease integration into existing systems, factor privileges employ the same interfaces and rules as ordinary SQL privileges, rather than multiple new top-level, awkwardly-interacting constructs (such as “autonomy” and “prohibition”).
Treatment of Glioblastoma in the Elderly

Clinical research in neuro-oncology frequently classifies patients over 60–70 years of age as ‘elderly’, a designation intended to identify patients with the disease characteristics, psychosocial changes, and susceptibility to treatment toxicities associated with advancing age. The elderly account for a large proportion of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM), and this population is projected to increase. Their prognosis is inferior to that of GBM patients as a whole, and concerns over treatment toxicity may limit the aggressiveness with which they are treated. Recent clinical studies have assisted with therapeutic decision making in this cohort. Hypofractionated radiation with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide has been shown to increase survival without worsened quality of life in elderly patients with good functional status. Single modality radiation therapy or temozolomide therapy are frequently used in this population, and while neither has demonstrated superiority, O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status is predictive of improved survival with temozolomide over radiation therapy. Despite these advances, ambiguity as to how to best define, assess, and treat this population remains. The specific response of elderly patients to emerging therapies, such as immunotherapies, is unclear. Advancing outcomes for elderly patients with GBM requires persistent efforts to include them in translational and clinical research endeavors, and concurrent dedication to the preservation of function and quality of life in this population.
Understanding the effects of individual attitudes and residential neighborhood types on university commuters’ bicycling decisions

This study investigates the effects of individual perceptions and residential neighborhoods on university commuters’ bicycling decisions using the 2015 Ohio State University Travel Pattern Survey data. We generate eight attitudinal/perceptual components based on the 26 bicycling-related questions that capture detailed perceptions of commuters toward bicycling, neighborhood environments, and residential location choice. We create distinct neighborhood typologies combining land use and socioeconomic characteristics, including population, employment, housing and intersection densities, housing types, median age of housing stock, and median household income. Probit regression models are estimated to assess the effects of sociodemographic, attitudinal/perceptual components and neighborhood types while accounting for the residential self-selection effect. Results show that people residing in different neighborhood types reveal significant attitudinal differences in terms of their conditional willingness to bicycle, and evaluation of bicycle friendliness of neighborhoods and routes. We find that bicyclists are more likely to live in neighborhoods that they perceive as having good-quality for bicycling in terms of access to bicycle facilities and lower traffic levels. Results also show the significant association of neighborhood types with bicycle commuting outcomes. People from medium-density, mixed-use, and suburban single-family neighborhoods are less likely to commute by bicycle as compared to those from high-density, mixed-use neighborhoods.
Worksite wellness program implementation in county organizations: Exploring strategies for success

Abstract Growing research suggests that successful worksite wellness programs (WWPs) can be effective at reducing health costs and improving employee health. While many studies examine factors that contribute to WWP success, these primarily focus on private organizations, or they group public and private organizations together. However, public organizations encounter unique circumstances, generally, so it is important to examine them in their own right when it comes to WWP implementation. This study assesses what factors are important to WWP implementation in county government organizations. Through a conventional content analysis (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005) of interview data collected from 18 county government WWP managers, the results provide support to earlier work regarding strategies for successful WWP implementation. However, the results also add to the literature in several ways. While the importance of leadership support is well-documented, this study finds that marketing and communication strategies, which typically focus on promoting employee participation, can also be used to encourage leadership buy-in. The study also suggests that a dedicated wellness coordinator who has some organizational autonomy to make decisions about the WWP is needed. Further, the study highlights the importance of trust-building as a strategy for WWP development and implementation. Finally, it calls attention to the impact of public perceptions on county governments’ WWPs, an influence unique to county organizations.
Multimodal pain control in adolescent posterior spinal fusion patients: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial to validate the effect of gabapentin on postoperative pain control, opioid use, and patient satisfaction.

Prospective double-blind, randomized controlled trial. The objective of this study was to validate the efficacy of gabapentin as part of a multimodal pain regimen in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial for patients aged 10–19 years with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion. Perioperative pain management represents a challenge for patients undergoing surgical correction of adolescent spinal deformity. Gabapentin has been shown to decrease postoperative pain and opioid use after spine surgery, but it has not yet been investigated as part of a multimodal pain regimen intended to decrease the perioperative use of opioids. Fifty patients were randomized to receive gabapentin or placebo pre- and postoperatively in addition to a standardized medication regime including scheduled ketorolac and as-needed acetaminophen, hydromorphone, and oxycodone. Patients were monitored in the pre-, peri-, and postoperative periods for pain levels, medication dosing, side effects, adverse events, hospitalization length of stay, and parent satisfaction. There were statistically significant decreases in early postoperative pain scores and opioid use as well as total postoperative opioid use for the treatment group relative to controls. There were no statistically significant differences in adverse events, medication side effects, or hospitalization length. Parents of patients in both groups were very satisfied with the pain control provided to their children. This randomized controlled trial demonstrates that pre- and postoperative administration of gabapentin as part of a multimodal pain management protocol significantly decreases both opioid use and visual analog pain scales in the first two postoperative days after posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Gabapentin should be considered as a standard medication for perioperative pain control in this patient population. Level I.
geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries

We present the geoBoundaries Global Administrative Database (geoBoundaries): an online, open license resource of the geographic boundaries of political administrative divisions (i.e., state, county). Contrasted to other resources geoBoundaries (1) provides detailed information on the legal open license for every boundary in the repository, and (2) focuses on provisioning highly precise boundary data to support accurate, replicable scientific inquiry. Further, all data is released in a structured form, allowing for the integration of geoBoundaries with large-scale computational workflows. Our database has records for every country around the world, with up to 5 levels of administrative hierarchy. The database is accessible at http://www.geoboundaries.org, and a static version is archived on the Harvard Dataverse.
Goals of therapy and concurrent lifestyle interventions to compliment endoscopic bariatric and metabolic interventions

Abstract Obesity affects 39.6 of adults in the United States and is a risk factor for many diseases including but not limited to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Weight loss can reduce the risk of these diseases, but weight loss of ≥10% total body weight are likely needed to see reduction in endpoints including myocardial infarction, stroke, and liver fibrosis. This magnitude of weight loss is difficult to achieve with lifestyle intervention alone. In clinical practice treatment with endoscopic bariatric therapies in conjunction with lifestyle intervention have demonstrated weight loss ≥10% total body weight. Several lines of evidence indicate that the intensity of lifestyle intervention affects overall weight loss seen with endoscopic bariatric therapies. Moreover, tailoring the lifestyle intervention to compliment the mechanism of action of the endoscopic bariatric therapy may enhance weight loss further.
Deciding What’s News: News-ness As an Audience Concept for the Hybrid Media Environment

A by-product of today’s hybrid media system is that genres—once uniformly defined and enforced—are now murky and contested. We develop the concept of news-ness, defined as the extent to which audie...
Running a distributed virtual observatory: U.S. Virtual Astronomical Observatory operations

Operation of the US Virtual Astronomical Observatory shares some issues with modern physical observatories, e.g., intimidating data volumes and rapid technological change, and must also address unique concerns like the lack of direct control of the underlying and scattered data resources, and the distributed nature of the observatory itself. In this paper we discuss how the VAO has addressed these challenges to provide the astronomical community with a coherent set of science-enabling tools and services. The distributed nature of our virtual observatory-with data and personnel spanning geographic, institutional and regime boundaries-is simultaneously a major operational headache and the primary science motivation for the VAO. Most astronomy today uses data from many resources. Facilitation of matching heterogeneous datasets is a fundamental reason for the virtual observatory. Key aspects of our approach include continuous monitoring and validation of VAO and VO services and the datasets provided by the community, monitoring of user requests to optimize access, caching for large datasets, and providing distributed storage services that allow user to collect results near large data repositories. Some elements are now fully implemented, while others are planned for subsequent years. The distributed nature of the VAO requires careful attention to what can be a straightforward operation at a conventional observatory, e.g., the organization of the web site or the collection and combined analysis of logs. Many of these strategies use and extend protocols developed by the international virtual observatory community. Our long-term challenge is working with the underlying data providers to ensure high quality implementation of VO data access protocols (new and better 'telescopes'), assisting astronomical developers to build robust integrating tools (new 'instruments'), and coordinating with the research community to maximize the science enabled.
Procalcitonin Correlates With but Is Not Superior to Other Diagnostic Markers of Bacterial Pneumonia

Objectives Despite extensive research on procalcitonin (PCT)-guided therapy in lower respiratory tract infections, the association between PCT and bacterial pneumonia remains unclear. Methods We evaluated retrospectively the performance of PCT in patients presenting with lower respiratory tract infection symptoms and grouped by seven diagnoses. All patients had microbial testing, chest imaging, and CBC counts within 1 day of PCT testing. Results Median PCT level in patients diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia was significantly higher than in patients diagnosed with other sources of infections or those not diagnosed with infections. Median PCT levels were not different among patients grouped by type or quantity of pathogen detected. They were significantly higher in patients with higher pathogenicity scores for isolated bacteria, those with abnormal WBC count, and those with chest imaging consistent with bacterial pneumonia. A diagnostic workup that included imaging, WBC count, and Gram stain had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.748, and the addition of PCT increased it to 0.778. Conclusions PCT was higher in patients diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia. Less clear is its diagnostic ability to detect bacterial pneumonia over and above imaging and laboratory data routinely available to clinicians.
Evaluation of Correctness in Unsupervised Many-to-Many Image Translation.

Given an input image from a source domain and a "guidance" image from a target domain, unsupervised many-to-many image-to-image (UMMI2I) translation methods seek to generate a plausible example from the target domain that preserves domain-invariant information of the input source image and inherits the domain-specific information from the guidance image. For example, when translating female faces to male faces, the generated male face should have the same expression, pose and hair color as the input female image, and the same facial hairstyle and other male-specific attributes as the guidance male image. Current state-of-the art UMMI2I methods generate visually pleasing images, but, since for most pairs of real datasets we do not know which attributes are domain-specific and which are domain-invariant, the semantic correctness of existing approaches has not been quantitatively evaluated yet. In this paper, we propose a set of benchmarks and metrics for the evaluation of semantic correctness of UMMI2I methods. We provide an extensive study how well the existing state-of-the-art UMMI2I translation methods preserve domain-invariant and manipulate domain-specific attributes, and discuss the trade-offs shared by all methods, as well as how different architectural choices affect various aspects of semantic correctness.
Labor Matching and Equity Prices

This article examines the relation between labor matching and long-term equity returns. A long short portfolio of high minus low labor matching firms generates four-factor abnormal returns of 6.67% annually. The returns are 5.77% over industry- and 5.28% over characteristics-matched benchmarks. Our findings are robust after controlling for portfolio weights, factor models, number of portfolios, and exclusion of outliers. The higher matching firms also show greater positive surprises and positive returns following earnings announcements. A quasi-natural experiment in which state-wide labor matching was impeded following the adoption of inevitable disclosure doctrine shows firms headquartered in those states lost significant shareholder value.
Why are we able to see real-world scenes so quickly? An investigation of the role of expectancy and familiarity

Subjects performed a task which allowed measurement of their speed of comprehension of real-world scenes: They attempted to detect the incongruity in the relationship between an object and its context. In 100 msec, presentations of line drawings of real-world scenes, objects could be inappropriately positioned (e.g., a fire hydrant on top of a mailbox), sized (e.g., the hydrant looking larger than a truck) or floating in air. Detection times were not significantly affected by priming the subject with a verbal label of the scene prior to its viewing (e.g., telling him he was going to see a "kitchen") but were significantly affected by the prior presentation of the scene upwards of 30 trials earlier. The results document a remarkably efficient, content addressable, accessing mechanism for visual recognition in humans. Language: en
Depression in the Medical Setting: Biopsychological Interactions and Treatment Considerations

This article examines depression in 6 medical conditions: coronary artery disease (CAD), cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Parkinson's disease, pain, and the sex hormone changes of aging. Research is beginning to define specific biological and psychological mechanisms underlying the adverse interactions between depression and these medical conditions. Antidepressant medications, psychosocial therapies, and hormonal manipulations are effective in reducing depressive symptoms. Specific psychosocial interventions may increase longevity in CAD and cancer and may enhance quality of life in HIV infection. Newer antidepressants appear to be safer and better tolerated than older agents for medically ill patients, but do not appear to be as effective for neuropathic pain. Dopamine agonists may benefit depression associated with Parkinson's disease. Hormone replacement therapy may improve subsyndromal depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women and may enhance antidepressant response for older women with major depression.
Pyometra--a reappraisal.

Abstract Thirty-five cases of pyometra occurring in 16,729 patients treated in this Hospital in the years 1965 to 1968 inclusively are reviewed. Attention is drawn to the frequency of the condition and its more common association with benign lesions of the genital tract. A plea is made for more rational initial treatment of pyometra, including discriminate use of antibiotics, and for more radical definitive treatment in view of its possible precancerous role and high recurrence rate. It is suggested that uterine sound may be of value in initial diagnosis and follow-up of patients not subjected to radical pelvic surgery.
CCD Instrumentation at Capilla Peak Observatory

The astronomers at the University of New Mexico are applying the finishing touches to their CCD project. We addressed many issues during the course of this project, such as whether to build or buy the CCD camera system, what upgrades our telescope and observatory were in need of, and what kind of image processing capability the instrument demanded. Our decisions and solutions are presented as a guide to other institutions which may be considering CCD instrumentation for their small telescopes, especially since most face the same constraints that we do: limited money and manpower.
Bacteriophage Tail Components: I. Pteroyl Polyglutamates in T-Even Bacteriophages

A pteroylpolyglutamate has been found to be a constituent of all Escherichia coli T-even bacteriophages and has been characterized with regard to its oxidation state, molecular weight, origin, and location on the phage particle. The phage compound has been shown to be a dihydropteroyl penta- or hexaglutamate on the basis of its chemical and physical properties. Analyses of extracts of uninfected and T2L-infected E. coli have indicated that the phage dihydropteroyl polyglutamate was present only in infected cells. Its synthesis was sensitive to the addition of chloramphenicol before infection, and the compound appeared to be specifically induced by phage infection. Analyses of isolated phage ghosts and tail substructures have shown that each phage particle contains between two and six phage-specific pteroyl derivatives and that the juncture of the phage tail plate with the tail tube is the most likely site of binding of the phage-induced pteroyl compound. Images
Teachers' Beliefs and Practices Observed in Inclusive Classes

The world over there is a wave towards more inclusive education for children who are disadvantaged in one-way or another. The Salamanca conference of 1994 focused on the child with Special Education Needs (SEN) with a call to governments to ensure that such children were given an appropriate education especially by being included in mainstream classes. Developing countries shows less initiative and effort towards including the child with SEN, with more efforts towards including the girl child. But some schools are implementing the policy on their own initiative. It can be assumed that their belief in inclusive education drive their practice. This was a small scale study aimed at finding out their beliefs, their sources and the relationship with their practices.
Checking value-sensitive data structures in sublinear space

Checking value-sensitive data structures in sublinear space has been an open problem for over a decade. In this paper, we suggest a novel approach to solving it. We show that, in combination with other techniques, a previous method for checking value-insensitive data structures in log space can be extended for checking the more complicated value-sensitive data structures, using log space as well. We present the theoretical model of checking data structures and discuss the types of invasions a checker might bring to the data structure server. We also provide our idea of designing sublinear space checkers for value-sensitive data structures and give a concrete example - a log space checker for the search data structures (SDS).
Effects of a Ceramic Particle Trap and Copper Fuel Additive on Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions

This research quantifies the effects of a copper fuel additive on the regulated [oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}), hydrocarbons (HC) and total particulate matter (TPM)] and unregulated emissions [soluble organic fraction (SOF), vapor phase organics (XOC), polynuclear aromatic carbons (PAH), nitro-PAH, particle size distributions, and mutagenic activity] from 1988 Cummins LTA10 diesel engine using a low sulfur fuel. Engine was operated at two steady state modes (EPA modes 9 and 11, which are 75 and 25% load at rated speed, respectively) and five additive levels (0, 15, 30, 60, and 100 ppm Cu by mass) with and without a ceramic trap. Measurements of PAH and mutagenic activity were limited to the 0, 30, and 60 ppm Cu levels. The fuel additive had little effect on baseline emissions (without the trap) of TPM, SOF, XOC, HC, or NO{sub x}. The trap reduced TPM from 72 93% compared to baseline, had no effect on NO{sub x}, and reduced HC about 30% at mode 9 with no consistent change at mode 11. 23 refs., 15 figs., 15 tabs.
Why Rate of Absorption Inferences in Single Dose Bioequivalence Studies are Often Inappropriate

Purpose. Peak drug concentration (Cmax) measures the extremity of drug exposure and is a secondary indicator of the extent of absorption after area under the concentration time curve (AUC). Cmax serves as the indicator of absorption rate in bioequivalence (BE) studies in the US (1). The use of Cmax, not the time to Cmax(Tmax), as the metric to assess absorption rate causes erratic inferences in BE studies, and incorrect conclusions for some. We can improve BE efficiency (i.e., get the answer right the first time), by properly analyzing the time to Cmax(Tmax) instead of Cmax.
Using Literature to Build Self-Esteem in Adolescents with Learning and Behavior Problems

(1994). Using Literature to Build Self-Esteem in Adolescents with Learning and Behavior Problems. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 207-211.
Antidiuretic potency of oxytocin in women post partum

Abstract 1. 1. Intravenous antidiuretic assays in postpartum women have revealed that synthetic oxytocin (Syntocinon) has 141 human antidiuretic mU. per 10,000 rat oxytocic milliunits. 2. 2. Doses of 100 or more rat oxytocic milliunits of oxytocin invariably caused measurable antidiuretic responses. 3. 3. Antidiuresis appeared to be caused by renal tubular reabsorption of “free” water. 4. 4. There was no evidence of significant alteration in glomerular filtration rate or renal plasma flow after rapid injections of 100 to 400 mU. of oxytocin. 5. 5. In careful pharmacologic and cation-exchange column chromatographic experiments, no evidence of vasopressin contamination of commercially prepared oxytocin (Pitocin) could be elicited. 6. 6. Clinical applications of the above findings are discussed, especially concerning the prevention of iatrogenically induced water intoxication.
With Fire and Sword: The Battle of Bunker Hill and the Beginning of the American Revolution – By James L. Nelson

James L. Nelson, author of fiction and nonfiction works, has written a book that has characteristics of both. With Fire and Sword mostly succeeds as a historical monograph and as a popular work of ...
STIMULATION OF RESPIRATION AND INHIBITION OF GLYCOLYSIS IN LOBSTER AXONS BY MENADIONE AND SOME RELATED NAPHTHOQUINONES.

Abstract Lobster nerves metabolize glucose to a considerable extent via a direct oxidative pathway. The presence of 10−5M menadione strongly inhibits anaerobic glycolysis but greatly stimulates oxidative metabolism. Lobster nerves take up sugars from solution. Glucose is taken up readily and continuously for some time; sucrose and mannitol reach equilibrium at a low level and after a short period of time and are not taken up thereafter. Menadione markedly stimulates apparent uptake of glucose but has no effect on mannitol. This stimulation is due to the increased metabolism of glucose. Glucose uptake is also stimulated by removal of Ca++ and Mg++ from the medium.
Abstract A23: Bioinformatic analysis of PTPRK reveals a potential link to STAT3 phosphorylation in HNSCC.

Purpose: The emerging role of various PTPRs (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptors) on signaling regulation prompted us to investigate the genomic alterations of members of the PTPR in HNSCC. PTPRK is a known tumor suppressor, and knockdown or mutation of PTPRK has been found to drive tumorigenesis in breast and colorectal cancer. The role of PTPRK in HNSCC is largely unknown. Recent genomic studies in HNSCC revealed that PTPRK is mutated in HNSCC. Here, we further investigated the genomic aberrations of PTPRK, in primary HNSCC tumors and examined if any of these genomic aberrations are associated with key phosphorylation changes in signaling proteins in HNSCC tumors. Experimental Design: Data-mining of the HNSCC genomic and protein array data was performed using the cBio portal (http://www.cbioportal.org/public-portal/). A total of 306 HNSCC primary tumors were analyzed in the genomic analysis, while proteomic data were available for a subset of these tumors (total of 200). We analyzed for genomic events, including PTPRK amplification, gain of copy number, and increased in mRNA expression (> 1 SD above the mean). The levels of phosphorylated signaling proteins of 150 proteins were compared between the PTPRK-altered group vs. the PTPRK-unaltered group. Preliminary validation on signaling changes were performed. Results: Bioinformatic analysis of the cBio data showed that PTPRK is mutated in 1% (2/200 cases), amplified in 0.5% (1/200 cases), with copy gain in 12% (24/200 cases), and increased mRNA expression in 13.5% (27/200 cases). There are no tumors with PTPRK deletion. These results implicate a gain of function of PTPRK in HNSCC. Unexpected proteomic findings revealed that increased phosphorylation of STAT3 (p = 0.005), ERBB2 (p = 0.018), and EGFR (p = 0.031) proteins were found to be associated with tumors with the genomic signature of “PTPRK-mutated/amplified/gain/increased in mRNA expression” vs. the PTPRK-unaltered tumors. Preliminary validation of the proteomic findings indicate that increased expression of PTPRK (by transient transfection into HNSCC cells) did result in increased pSTAT3 expression (34% increase vs. vector control). Discussion: This study used both bioinformatics and cellular assays to demonstrate PTPRK associated with enhanced pSTAT3. Future studies are required to elucidate the role of PTPRK, likely indirect, on STAT3 regulation. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A23. Citation Format: Kelsey P. Pendleton, Vivian W. Lui, Yiling Lu, Breean R. Gilbert, Kevin Levine, Gordon B. Mills, Jennifer R. Grandis. Bioinformatic analysis of PTPRK reveals a potential link to STAT3 phosphorylation in HNSCC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A23.
Balloon angioplasty of native coarctation of the aorta: midterm follow-up and prognostic factors.

Objectives. This retrospective analysis was designed to examine the intermediate and long-term effects of balloon angioplasty for native coarctation of the aorta and to determine whether any factors are predictive of outcome. Background. Balloon angioplasty for native coarctation of the aorta is controversial. Concerns exist over lack of long-term follow-up and possible formation of aneurysms. The role of transverse arch and isthmus hypoplasia after balloon dilation is unknown. Methods. Included in the study were all patients 3 days to 29 years old (mean age 4.6 years) referred for possible balloon dilation to the pediatric cardiac catheterization laboratory with evidence of a discrete coarctation of the aorta. The hemodynamic data, angiograms and clinical records of 102 patients were examined, with follow-up data from 2 to 117 months (median 36.2) available in 92 patients. Results. Immediate success with balloon angioplasty was achieved in 93 (91.2%) of the 102 patients. Seventy-one patients (77.2%) with intermediate follow-up data (range 12 to 117 months) available are asymptomatic and normotensive, with insignificant arm to leg blood pressure gradients (≤20 mm Hg). Twenty-one patients (22.8%) with an initial successful result developed an increase in gradient 2 at 86 months after angioplasty, requiring reintervention in 18. Follow-up >72 months is available in 17 patients, 16 of whom are normotensive and have not required additional intervention. No additional intervention was needed in 88.4% of older children and infants >7 months old. Ten of the 13 surviving neonates who initially had a successful dilation required reangioplasty or operation 14 days to 10 months (median 4.6 months) after angioplasty. Transverse arch hypoplasia had minimal effect on follow-up blood pressure gradient, whereas isthmic hypoplasia was associated with reintervention in 50%. A small aneurysm was noted in 2 (1.9%) of 102 patients. Conclusions. Balloon angioplasty of native aortic coarctation is effective in infants and older children. In neonates, balloon angioplasty provides effective palliation only. Aneurysm formation is rare; however, lifetime follow-up is warranted.
Extraction and quantification of nicardipine in human plasma.

Abstract A novel simple method of extraction, separation, identification and quantification of nicardipine in human plasma samples was completely studied. The human plasma samples were initially purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using a C 18 cartridge. The extracted samples were separated and nicardipine present in the samples was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a reversed-phase C 18 column employing a mobile phase consisting of 60% (v/v) acetonitrile in 0.02 M NaH 2 PO 4 with pH of 6.3 and a variable wavelength UV detector set at 254 nm. The recovery of nicardipine from plasma samples using selective SPE was 91±6.0% and had less interfering compounds in the HPLC analysis compared to the use of liquid–liquid (L/L) extraction. In the HPLC analysis, examining the effect of pH values of the mobile phase on the capacity factor ( k ′) of nicardipine revealed a method for selecting a critical k ′ value of nicardipine to eliminate interfering peaks near the peak specific to the analyte. This method for quantification of nicardipine in human plasma samples was suitable for studying the pharmacokinetic profile of nicardipine administered as an intravenous bolus to cardiac surgical patients.
Single Molecules in Single Cells: A System-Wide Quantification of Gene Expression

Our group studied gene expression in living bacterial cells with single-molecule sensitivity with millisecond time resolution and nm spatial precision. We reported the first movie of protein production, one molecule at a time, binding and unbinding kinetics of transcription factors on DNA, and their single-molecule events that change the cell's phenotype. We recently conducted system-wide studies of transcriptome and proteome with single-molecule sensitivity in a single cell. We are investigating the phenomenon of persisters, abnormal and rare bacterial cells that have the same genes as normal cells, but are phenotypically drug tolerant, hoping to provide clues for developing tuberculosis drugs.
A novel kinase activity associated with Nef derived from neurovirulent simian immunodeficiency virus.

The Nef proteins of Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been shown to associate with several cellular kinases. Further, the ability of SIVmac239 Nef to associate with a p21-activated kinase (PAK)-related kinase has been correlated with pathogenic progression to AIDS in rhesus macaques. Because the ability of Nef to associate with the PAK-related kinase is viral isolate dependent, we reasoned that viral isolates derived from distinct physiological locations may encode Nef proteins that exhibit distinct kinase association profiles. In this study, we compared kinase activities associated with Nef proteins derived from the prototypic lymphocyte-tropic SIVmac239 and a macrophage-tropic, neurovirulent clone, SIV/17E-Fr. Our findings not only support previous studies that have documented the association of SIVmac239 Nef with a PAK-related kinase and a Nef-associated kinase complex (NAKC) but describe a novel serine kinase activity detectable only in conjunction with the Nef protein derived from the neurovirulent clone, SIV/17E-Fr. The latter Nef protein does not associate with PAK, and unlike PAK or NAKC, this novel kinase activity is enhanced in association with nonmyristoylated forms of Nef and can utilize both ATP and GTP as phosphodonors. We also show that at least one substrate for the kinase is Nef itself and demonstrate that the SIV/17E-Fr Nef protein is phosphorylated in SIV-infected cells. These results suggest that the ability to associate with cellular kinases in general may be a conserved feature of Nef, but particular kinase/Nef associations may evolve with changes in the host environment concomitant with viral spread.
When Theories Don't Compete: Response to Thomas, Karaminis, and Knowland's Commentary on Musolino, Chunyo, and Landau

Thomas et al. (this issue) argue that someone interpreting our results through a generative prism would draw one set of conclusions, but that someone seeing the same results through a neuroconstruc...
The incorporation of citrate carbon into fatty acids.

Abstract Long-chain fatty acids are synthesized from citrate in an undialyzed soluble enzyme system from pigeon liver at a rate comparable to that observed when acetate is used as a precursor. The first enzymic step for citrate incorporation is probably its breakdown to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate catalyzed by the citrate-cleavage enzyme. Experiments with variously labeled citrate show good incorporation of the acetyl portion of citrate into fatty acids, and a poor incorporation of the oxaloacetyl portion into fatty acids. The incorporation of the oxaloacetyl portion of citrate as well as the acetyl portion has been shown to be avidin sensitive. The enzymic sequence from the oxaloacetyl portion remains uncertain.
Two new Umbelliferae of the Chihuahuan Desert

Two apparently calcicolous species of apioid Umbelliferae,Aletes calcicola andDonnellsmithia coahuilensis, are described from the Chihuahuan Desert of Coahuila, Mexico.
Testing Structural Invariance of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire in American, Chinese, and Dutch College Students

This study investigates the structural invariance of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AGQ) in American, Chinese, and Dutch college students. Using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), the authors found evidence for the four-factor structure of achievement goals in all three samples. Subsequent multigroup CFAs supported structural invariance of the AGQ across the samples.
Radiation monitoring with CVD diamonds and PIN diodes at BaBar

The BaBar experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center has been using two polycrystalline chemical vapor deposition (pCVD) diamonds and 12 silicon PIN diodes for radiation monitoring and protection of the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT). We have used the pCVD diamonds for more than 3 years, and the PIN diodes for 7 years. We will describe the SVT and SVT radiation monitoring system as well as the operational difficulties and radiation damage effects on the PIN diodes and pCVD diamonds in a high-energy physics environment.
Coulomb explosion and thermal spikes.

A fast ion can electronically excite a solid producing a track of damage, a process initially used to detect energetic particles but now used to alter materials. From the seminal paper by Fleischer et al. [Phys. Rev. 156, 353 (1967)] to the present, ``Coulomb explosion'' and thermal spike models have been often treated as competing models for describing ion track effects. Here molecular dynamics simulations of electronic sputtering, a surface manifestation of track formation, show that in the absence of significant quenching Coulomb explosion in fact produces a spike at high excitation density, but the standard spike models are incorrect.
A Determination of Psychosomatic Functional Unities in Personality by Means of P-Technique

(1954). A Determination of Psychosomatic Functional Unities in Personality by Means of P-Technique. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 25-45.