cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single-Layer Electroluminescent Devices and Photoinduced Hydrogen Production from an Ionic Iridium(III) Complex

We report the electronic structure and diverse applications of a highly luminescent ionic transition metal complex, [Ir(dF(CF3)ppy)2(dtbbpy)](PF6) (where dF(CF3)ppy = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyridine and dtbbpy = 4,4‘-di-tert-butyl-2,2‘-dipyridyl). The large HOMO−LUMO gap (ΔE = 3.06 V) enabled high-energy electroluminescence from the complex. Single-layer devices were fabricated and found to emit blue-green light (500 nm). The strong reducing strength of the excited state (E*ox = 1.21 V) enabled effective catalysis of the photoinduced reduction of H2O to H2. It was found that the relative quantum yield of hydrogen was over an order of magnitude improved from the standard photosensitizer Ru(dmphen)32+ (dmphen = 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline).
ROM: a reliability knowledge representation for collaborative system design

Designing systems that satisfy target reliability is a challenge because of complex assembly structures and logical connections, numerous components and associated failure modes, and multi-disciplinary considerations. To overcome these difficulties and to design reliable systems in a systematic way, we have developed a knowledge representation for system design-for-reliability (SDfR). It is called reliability object model (ROM). ROM includes (1) a new reliability analysis structure, (2) reliability metrics that consider both random failures and wear-out failures, (3) algorithms that allocate, predict, and assess reliability, and (4) rules for reliability-oriented design change recommendations. These capabilities of ROM are demonstrated by prototype SDfR tools and three electronic system case studies. The results show that ROM is an effective unified method for SDfR, providing richer semantics and increasing the chances of developing reliable designs.
Distribution, Biotransformation and Excretion of Bupivacaine in the Rat and the Monkey

Abstract1. Following subcutaneous administration of [pipecolyl-G-3H]bupivacaine, radioactivity was slowly absorbed from the injection site; the absorbed radioactivity was distributed rapidly in all tissues examined.2. Tissue levels peaked between 0·25 and 1 h, but by 24 h were very low.3. The monkey excreted 80% of the radioactivity in the urine; in the rat only 50% was excreted by this route and the remainder in the bile.4. The major metabolite in rat urine was a conjugate of 1-butyl-3′-hydroxy-pipecolo-2′,6′-xylidide. Debutylated bupivacaine was not found in rat urine.5. In the monkey, the amide hydrolysis product, pipecolic acid, was the major metabolite.6. Debutylation and hydroxylation of bupivacaine also occurred in the monkey; however, only the 4′-hydroxy metabolite was detected.
Regulation of hypoxia adaptation: an overlooked virulence attribute of pathogenic fungi?

Over the past two decades, the incidence of fungal infections has dramatically increased. This is primarily due to increases in the population of immunocompromised individuals attributed to the HIV/AIDS pandemic and immunosuppression therapies associated with organ transplantation, cancer, and other diseases where new immunomodulatory therapies are utilized. Significant advances have been made in understanding how fungi cause disease, but clearly much remains to be learned about the pathophysiology of these often lethal infections. Fungal pathogens face numerous environmental challenges as they colonize and infect mammalian hosts. Regardless of a pathogen's complexity, its ability to adapt to environmental changes is critical for its survival and ability to cause disease. For example, at sites of fungal infections, the significant influx of immune effector cells and the necrosis of tissue by the invading pathogen generate hypoxic microenvironments to which both the pathogen and host cells must adapt in or...
Electro-Mechanical Coupling and Power Generation in a Pzt Micro-Engine

A piezoelectric thin film MEMS device for generating power from a novel heat engine which approaches a Carnot cycle has been developed. The structure of the underlying electrode and PZT thin film generator has been optimized for increased adhesion. Atomic force microscopy was used to track electrode grain size and roughness; generating grain sizes of approximately 100 and 200 nm in diameter and a roughness of about 14-20 nm provide substantial improvements in film adhesion over systems with smaller grains and smoother surfaces. This has led to the ability to operate the engine at frequencies between 10 and 1500 Hz. The system of interest (a fluid filled cavity sealed by a micromachined silicon membrane and the PZT film) shows increased deflections for a given pressure applied to the membrane at frequencies where the system resonates. By operating the system dynamically, it is possible to generate more than 2 V from a single generator structure.
Congestion-aware optimal techniques for assigning inter-tier signals to 3D-vias in a 3DIC

Diminishing returns from transistor scaling, increasing interconnect delay, and the need for high device density and high energy efficiency are pushing the semiconductor industry in the direction of 3-dimensional integrated circuits (3DICs). In a 3DIC multiple active tiers are stacked vertically to make a single chip. Inter-tier signals are interconnected using through-silicon-vias or top-metal layer bondpoints (micro-bumps), called 3D-vias. In a traditional 2DIC I/O signals influence cell placement in the layout. Similar to I/O, inter-tier signals assigned to 3D-vias have a significant effect on standard cell placement, making the assignment very crucial for efficient 3DIC implementations. Our prior work presented techniques for automating the assignment procedure, but did not consider congestion and wiring requirements in the 3D-via assignment step. This work introduces congestion-and neighborhood-aware optimal techniques for assigning intertier signals to 3D-vias. The proposed methods provide globally and locally optimized techniques for assignment. Two 3DICs were built using the proposed local weights method which successfully automated the assignment process. The results obtained from post place-and-route layouts show lower total wire length (up to 7%) and average wire length (7.4%) as compared to an architecture-driven manual method. As demonstrated, 3DIC designs that have higher relative congestion between interconnecting tiers can benefit significantly from the proposed techniques.
Increased Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Unaltered by Prolonged Insulin Infusion

In PCOS women with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia may contribute to inappropriate gonadotropin secretion. To determine whether insulin influences gonadotropin release in PCOS, pulsatile LH secretion and gonadotropin responses to GnRH were evaluated before (phase 1) and during (phase 2) insulin infusion. In phase 1, 11 PCOS and 9 normal women on separate days underwent 1) frequent blood sampling (q 10 min) for 12 h and 2) gonadotropin stimulation by successive doses of GnRH, 2 g, 10 g, and 20 g, administered iv at 4 h intervals over a continuous 12 h. In phase 2, studies were repeated 2 h after initiation of a 12-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (80 mU/m 2 min). Administration of insulin to both groups failed to alter mean serum gonadotropin concentrations, LH pulse frequency, or LH pulse amplitude. Moreover, gonadotropin responses to GnRH were unchanged by insulin infusion. In PCOS and normal women, a significant reduction of serum androstenedione was associated with insulin administration, whereas no differences were noted for the remaining androgens and estrogens measured. These findings demonstrated that in PCOS women, LH secretion and gonadotropin responses to GnRH were not influenced by insulin administration. Insulin infusion had little effect on steroid hormone production with the possible exception of androstenedione. These results suggest that inappropriate LH secretion in PCOS is not a direct consequence of insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88: 5456 –5461, 2003)
The transverse damper system for RHIC

If the beam is injected with a given error with respect to the closed orbit or disturbed by transverse instabilities, it will execute coherent oscillations and will be diluted in betatron phase space within a time interval of about 1/ Delta nu turns (where Delta nu is the tunespread in the beam), even if it is properly matched to the focusing characteristics of the lattice, unless there is an effective damper system to prevent this. For a given damper system the authors consider two modes of operation: (i) the kicker voltage is proportional to the beam position signal, and (ii) the kicker voltage is adjusted to a constant value having a sign which depends on the sign of the signal detected from the beam position. It is shown that the rise and fall times of the damper system should be short enough to allow individual damping of coherent motion of up to 3*57 bunches. >
Client and Program Characteristics Associated with Wait Time to Substance Abuse Treatment Entry

Background: Wait time is among the most commonly cited barriers to access among individuals seeking entry to substance abuse treatment, yet relatively little is known about what contributes to it. Objectives: To address this gap, this study draws from a national sample of substance abuse treatment clients and programs to estimate the proportion of clients entering treatment who waited more than 1 month to receive it (outpatient, residential, or methadone) and to identify client and program characteristics associated with wait time. Methods: This study used data from the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study (1992–1997). The data include 2920 clients from 57 substance abuse treatment programs. Generalized linear modeling was used to identify client and program characteristics associated with wait time to treatment entry. Results: Results of modeling indicate that being African-American (OR: 1.40; CI: 1.04, 1.88), being referred by criminal justice (OR: 1.70; CI: 1.18, 2.43), and receiving methado...
Distributed GSS facilitation and participation: field action research

Many information systems provide simple information sharing. However, group support systems (GSS) research suggests that productive problem solving extends far beyond mere information sharing. GSS researchers and product reviewers suggest that simple discussion groupware tools may fall short of supporting additional phases of group problem solving. As teams move into this new distributed or "virtual" realm, user experiences suggest that both facilitation and participation complexities increase and even skilled face-to-face facilitators have a tough time keeping sessions on track, that is if they can get them moving at all. Field research is needed to gain insights into the processes and technological support mechanisms required to enable distributed facilitators to provide effective support and distributed participants to effectively contribute. This paper presents lessons learned from four years of experience with virtual teams and a three-year case study with the US Navy at sea on board the USS Coronado. Field action research is used to study the domain of distributed GSS facilitation and participation. Distributed teams worked together using GSS tools from their work desktops, homes or wherever they found themselves, to solve complex problem and complete work together that they could not do without distributed GSS technology and facilitation. The results of the research have lead to valuable lessons learned and a set of guidelines for effective distributed facilitation and participation.
Finding an optimal mirror site

Mirror sites help to reduce the load at individual servers and enable client requests to be serviced by any of the servers. Typically, a client requests service from a single mirror site. When there are more servers (mirror sites) to provide the same services, the client has to choose one randomly to get served. Without prior knowledge about the reliability and performance of mirror sites, the client might not be successful in accessing the resources on their first attempt. As an extension of our previous research (Y. Kim and M. Swain, "The role of Intelligent Model for Data Source Selection in Distributed Server Environment", submitted to ACMSE, GA, 2005), we propose a system enabling a client to access files from the mirror sites with confidence using intelligent agents in a multiagent environment. In this research, we have considered factors like bandwidth, availability and capacity of servers for our agent model in choosing a more probable data source in an intelligent way. Also discussions on the agent communications based on web services have been given.
Circuit aging prediction for low-power operation

Low-power circuit operations, such as dynamic voltage scaling and the sleep mode, pose a unique challenge to aging prediction. Traditional aging models assume constant voltage and averaged activity factor, ignoring the impact of the long sleep period, and thus, result in a significant overestimation of the degradation rate. To accurately predict the aging effect in low-power design, this work first examines critical model assumptions in the reaction-diffusion process that is responsible for the NBTI effect. By using the correct diffusion profile, it then proposes a new aging model that effectively analyzes the degradation under various low-power operations. The new model well predicts the aging behavior of scaled CMOS measurement data (45nm and 65nm) with different operation patterns, especially sleep mode operation and dynamic voltage scaling. Compared to previous aging models, the new result captures the essential role of the long recovery phase in circuit aging, reducing unnecessary guardbanding in reliability protection.
Hermitian K -theory of exact categories

We study the theory of higher Grothendieck-Witt groups, alias algebraic hermitian K-theory, of symmetric bilinear forms in exact categories, and prove additivity, cofinality, devissage and localization theorems – preparing the ground for the theory of higher Grothendieck-Witt groups of schemes as developed in [Sch08a] and [Sch08b]. No assumption on the characteristic is being made.
Interpretation of immediate exercise treadmill test: Interreader reliability between cardiologist and noncardiologist in a chest pain evaluation unit

Abstract Study Objective: To determine whether attending physicians in a chest pain evaluation unit (CPEU) can perform and interpret exercise testing with the same accuracy as cardiologists. Methods: Between January 1996 and November 1998, immediate exercise tests were performed and interpreted by internists with additional training in exercise testing who serve as attending physicians in a CPEU at a large university medical center. For quality assurance, all tests were overread by a cardiologist. Test results were compared for each reader, and all tests with discrepant readings were reinterpreted by an independent cardiologist who was blinded to the previous results. Patients' clinical course was monitored for at least 30 days after exercise testing. Results: The study group consisted of 645 patients (347 men, 298 women). Discrepant interpretations were found in 11 (1.7%) patients. The agreement was 98.4% (κ value 0.9618). The majority of discrepancies were insignificant and were based on subtle differences in the definition of a nondiagnostic test or the degree of ST-segment shift. Of the 11 discordant readings, the blinded cardiologist concurred with 5 (45%) of the CPEU interpretations and 4 (36%) of the cardiologist interpretations. In 2 cases, there was disagreement by all 3 interpreters. There was no cardiac morbidity or mortality of any patient with a discrepant reading. Conclusion: Our results suggest that noncardiologists serving as attending physicians in a CPEU can accurately interpret exercise tests and overreading by cardiologists for quality assurance is unnecessary. [Kirk JD, Turnipseed SD, Diercks DB, London D, Amsterdam EA. Interpretation of immediate exercise treadmill test: interreader reliability between cardiologist and noncardiologist in a chest pain evaluation unit. Ann Emerg Med. July 2000;36:10-14.]
STATISTICAL ISSUES OF COMPARATIVE CLINICAL TRIALS

This paper is concerned with some of the statistical issues that may be important in comparative advertisements based on data derived from adequate and well-controlled clinical investigations. Special attention is given to: (I) The appropriateness of the design; (2) the choice of the statistical model; (3) the completeness of information; (4) the completeness of follow up; (5) the choice of a comparison group; (6) the consideration of statistical power; (7) the method of handling covariables; (8) the stopping procedures; and (9) the issue of multiplicity. This paper also discusses the need for a common protocol, a consideration of interaction between clinics in multiclinic studies. The paper illustrates these statistical des with the aim of making the reader aware of their importance with regard to comparative advertisements.
Part I. Cross-cultural issues in primary care medicine

A generation ago, the experience of practicing medicine across cultural lines was far less common than it is today. In contemporary American society, the population is much more diverse in race, culture, language, religion, and ethnicity. Although health care is increasingly guided by scientific, evidence-based models, individual patients are increasingly seeking health care that addresses their personal beliefs and needs. Physicians must develop the knowledge and the skills to engage patients from different cultures and to understand the beliefs and the values of those cultures. If physicians focus only on a narrowly defined biomedical approach to the treatment of disease, they will often misunderstand their patients, miss valuable diagnostic cues, and experience higher rates of patient noncompliance with therapies. Such miscommunication will also result in greater patient dissatisfaction and more malpractice suits. This article reviews the role of culture in primary care medicine and the effect of health beliefs on decisions to seek care. Other influences, including the patient's family, language, and socioeconomic status, are examined. The possible effects of the physician's own culture are looked at as well. Methods of eliciting the patient's explanatory model are reviewed, and guidance is given on strategies to avoid miscommunication or misunderstandings. Additionally, the physician is given guidance on how to draw on the patient's beliefs and values as resources in health promotion and the treatment of disease. Specifically, the use of interpreters to overcome language barriers is reviewed. Behaviors are identified that can maximize the accuracy of communication when interpreters are needed. Physicians who actively seek to understand their patients' cultures will find their simple efforts amply rewarded by improved patient access to health care, increased patient satisfaction, and greater clinical effectiveness.
Time-Slotted Round-Trip Carrier Synchronization in Large-Scale Wireless Networks

Carrier synchronization has been considered to be a big challenge to achieve distributed beamforming in wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of synchronizing the carriers of N distributed transmitters with a distant base station receiver. Under the duplexing constraints of the wireless channel, we present a time-slotted round-trip carrier synchronization technique required for large-scale wireless networks in a master-slave architecture. The performance analysis presented in terms of average received power at BS demonstrates the robustness of the beamforming gains against synchronization errors. Our simulation results validate the analysis and indicate that the potential beamforming gains outweigh the synchronization overhead in implementation of the protocol.
Sexual Precocity Due to a Testosterone-Producing Adrenal Tumor

A 2 9/12 year old boy presented with accelerated growth, sexual hair, facial acne, penile enlargement and hypertension. Height was at the 95th percentile and bone age was 6 years. In 2 separate 24-h urine collections 17 ketosteroids (6.1 and 3.6 mg), 17 hydroxycorticosteroids (1.4 and 3.2 mg) and tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (1.0 and 1.4 mg) were elevated and pregnantriol was normal (0.2 mg). Serum progesterone (0.7 ng/ml), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (1.2 ng/ml) and 11-deoxycortisol (1.5 μg/dl) were slightly elevated. Serum cortisol levels were 13.6 and 14.6 μg/dl at 0800 and 1600 h, respectively, indicating loss of diurnal variation. Plasma 11-deoxycortisone (130 ng/dl) was markedly elevated, and supine plasma renin activity (10.6 ng/ml/h) and aldosterone (20 ng/dl) moderately elevated. Circulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (3.1 μg/ml), androstenedione (A) (2.4 ng/ml) and testosterone (T) (5.4 ng/ml) were elevated while LH and FSH were prepubertal (<5 mIU/ml). Urinary and plasma adrenal steroids...
Supervisor Communication Practices and Service Employee Job Outcomes

On the basis of findings from the communications, marketing, and management literatures, the relations between four supervisor communication practices and service employee job performance, job sati...
Academic Tenure: What Does It Mean?

Tenure is an integral aspect of academia. Because tenured faculty give esteem to individual physical therapy programs and to the profession as a whole, understanding the process of attaining tenure is vital to all physical therapy educators. Tenure in universities is described, and the process of attaining tenure is outlined. Criteria for tenure, factors related to transfer of faculty between universities, and considerations for terminating tenured faculty are also discussed. Departmental chairmen have a responsibility to ensure that the faculty members understand the tenure process and are given the opportunity to meet tenure criteria.
FOOD PRODUCTION IN GREENHOUSES

Growing greenhouse vegetables is one of the most exacting and intense forms of all agricultural enterprises. In combination with greenhouses, hydroponics is becoming increasingly popular, especially in the United States, western Europe, and Japan. It is high technology and capital intensive. It is highly productive, conservative of water and land and protective of the environment. For production of leafy vegetables and herbs, deep flow hydroponics is common. For growing row crops such as tomato, cucumber, and pepper, the two most popular artificial growing media are rockwool and perlite. Computers today operate hundreds of devices within a greenhouse by utilizing dozens of input parameters, to maintain the most desired growing environment. The technology of greenhouse food production is changing rapidly with systems today producing yields never before realized. The future for hydroponic/soilless cultured systems appears more positive today than any time over the last 50 years.
What accounts for the decline in labor force participation among married women in urban China, 1991–2011?

Since the advent of Communist movement in the 1940s, women in China have been portrayed as equal partners to men in their labor force participation, operating under slogans such as “Women hold up half the sky”. Political rhetoric in the Mao era suggested that gender parity could be attained through women's participation in paid employment and full time work outside the home became routine for most urban women. Subsequent to the reforms, however, China has experienced a sharp decline in urban women's labor force participation. Utilizing micro-level data spanning from 1991 to 2011, individual women's labor force decisions are analyzed in order to identify the reasons for the decline. Changes in covariates explain only a small portion of the observed decline. However, over the study interval the wage returns to education increased markedly, and the distribution of wages widened considerably. These factors, combined with a high wage elasticity of participation, are consistent with the pattern of declining labor force participation found in the data. As such, promotion of women's education, particularly at the upper secondary level and beyond, could be expected to offset the downward trend.
The Entrepreneurial University: What the University of Colorado Has to Learn from MIT and Stanford.

As part of its strategic planning process, the University of Colorado at Boulder has begun exploring how to increase the propensity of faculty and students to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Nationwide, there are a few universities with a commitment to supporting entrepreneurship that can serve as examples. Notably, MIT and Stanford are two schools renowned for using the knowledge creation and invention that takes place on their campuses to create high quality companies. In contrast, many schools do not achieve such results, even with similar characteristics. This disparity raises the two questions addressed by the roundtable: (1) what separates a university that engages in this process effectively -- i.e., the "Entrepreneurial University" -- from the university that does not?; and (2) how can the University of Colorado- Boulder become an Entrepreneurial University?
Researching children, intersectionality, and diversity in the digital age

AbstractResearch on children’s and adolescents’ experiences with media and technology over the past century has largely echoed the concerns of the middle-class and majority culture. We discuss scholars’ corrective efforts, particularly in recent years, in moving beyond these narrow foci to investigate how young people situated across social classes, racial and ethnic boundaries, and forms of disability engage with new media. In particular, we examine how scholars have conceptualized similarities and differences among children and families in relation to interconnected systems of oppression and privilege. We discuss how their work has challenged deficit-based approaches to cultural and social difference to understand how diverse families and young people actively negotiate media and technologies in everyday life. We argue that an intersectional, asset-oriented approach to studying the lived experiences of youth and families opens exciting new avenues for research that prioritizes the rights of children and...
Neck seatbelt sign suspicion of injury score derived from emergency physician diagnostic imaging practice

Author(s): Langdorf, MI; Beier, L; Youseffian, A; Anderson, CL; Iqbal, A; Kashi, M; Lotfipour, S; Chakravarthy, B | Abstract: Introduction Neck abrasion/contusions from seatbelts after motor vehicle collisions may be associated with underlying bony or vascular injury. The decision to order imaging is highly subjective, and the yield is low. To date, there is no objective guidance in the literature regarding which patients need imaging. The aim of this study was to derive a scoring system from physical characteristics of seatbelt contusion photographs, based on emergency physician (EP) decisions to order imaging. Methods A survey of a convenience sample of practicing and academic EPs, given five photographs of a spectrum of seatbelt contusions and a standard brief patient description. Respondents were asked whether and which imaging they would perform for each photo. Respondents rated photos for overall clinical concern for underlying injury and for concern regarding color, size, depth, texture and location on a five-point Likert scale. Logistic regression to assess associations between these five features and overall clinical concern, and the strength of association between features, overall concern, and decision to image was conducted. Results Overall, 97 respondents (24% of those surveyed) provided 425 imaging decisions and 95% would image at least one hypothetical patient. However, 40% would not image at least one of the five patients. Decision to image for five photos ranged from 20.0% to 90.6%. Intra-class correlation coefficient for decision to image was fair (0.31, 95% CI 0.13-0.79), indicating variability in practice, and highlighting need for a scoring system. Computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography were used most often for bony and vascular imaging. A 12-point severity scoring system based on location, depth, size and color is proposed. This scale had strong correlation with decision to image (Pearson r = 0.94). Conclusion Physician practice shows variability in decision to image patients with neck seatbelt contusions after motor vehicle trauma. A proposed severity scoring system may begin to promote evidence based practice.
Comparison of Nine Diets for Rearing Galleria mellonella

When 9 diets were tested for rearing the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), significant differences between diets were found in percentage of 1st-stage larvae surviving to maturity (28.7-94.8%), percentage of cocoons constructed in the diet (16.3-95.1%), percentage of emergence of moths from cocoons (18.2-84.5%), development time from 1st instar to adult (34.9-53.5 days), weight of females (123.8-168.8 mg), and weight of eggs laid per female (46.3-53.7 mg). Differences between diets in sex ratio of adults produced were not significant.
The time course of within and between-language interference in bilinguals

Purpose:Recent research has provided support for linguistic coactivation, the view that the two languages of a bilingual are simultaneously active. Importantly, even if the system is fundamentally nonselective, the two languages of a bilingual can be activated to different degrees. The main contribution of the present paper is to empirically test what “different degrees of activation” really means. Differences could emerge in the timing or the magnitude of language activation.Methodology:Most of the research to date has been based on experiments using reaction times. In the present experiment participants responded to a bilingual Stroop task using a computer mouse. We argue that mouse tracking can provide new insights into the temporal dynamics of cognitive processes.Data and analysis:We used a series of t-tests to analyze participants’ mouse trajectories (n = 20). We compared the x-coordinates over time for each of the four experimental conditions (Congruent-Within, Congruent-Between, Incongruent-Within,...
The Research of NX Program Stamping SE Reducing Cost

Cost control is always an important part of the stamping of concurrent engineering. BIW manufacturing process of stamping and welding areas of the body of the cost is analyzed, with the example of NX, press SE team in the model design and product engineering stage through the parting line, section analysis, material selection, vehicle utilization ratio of material and manufacturing costs and other aspects of the study and the corresponding cost control,and finally the vehicle material utilization rate above 62%, the successful completion of the established objectives.
Clinical features and inpatient rehabilitation outcomes of infection-related myelopathy.

STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine clinical features of infection-related myelopathy (IRM) and functional outcomes compared with other nontraumatic and traumatic myelopathies. SETTING US academic inpatient rehabilitation unit. METHODS This was a 16-year retrospective review of patients with myelopathy discharged from inpatient rehabilitation between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2010. Patients comprised three injury groups: IRM, nontraumatic myelopathy (NTM) and traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). Information collected includes demographic characteristics, functional data, length of stay, injury completeness and discharge destination. Primary outcome measures were change in Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and daily FIM change. For IRM, data were collected regarding injury characteristics, risk factors, presenting symptoms, neurologic impairment level and treatment. RESULTS Of the 1601 patients, 40 (2.5%) had IRM, 1105 (69.0%) had NTM and 456 (28.5%) had TSCI. IRM mean (s.d.) age was 58.6 (15.7) years (male gender, 72.5%). The majority in each group had incomplete injuries. IRM had longer lengths of stay (P<0.001), lower admission (P=0.001) and discharge (P=0.005) FIM scores and lower FIM daily change (P=0.002) than NTM. Degree of functional improvement was similar in all groups, and most patients in each group were discharged home. Infectious pathogens were bacterial (80.0%, n=32), viral (7.5%, n=3), tuberculous (7.5%, n=3), parasitic (2.5%, n=1) and multiple types (2.5%, n=1). The most common bacterial cause (65.6%) was Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS Infectious etiologies comprise a small proportion of NTM but represent a unique entity with distinct recovery patterns and outcomes. These patients can achieve similar functional improvements as other NTM patients during inpatient rehabilitation, although over a longer period of time.
Movement-Based Priming: Clinical Applications and Neural Mechanisms

Priming can be described as behavior change generated by preceding stimuli. Although various types of priming have been long studied in the field of psychology, priming that targets motor cortex is a relatively new topic of research in the fields of motor control and rehabilitation. In reference to a rehabilitation intervention, priming is categorized as a restorative approach. There are a myriad of possible priming approaches including noninvasive brain stimulation, motor imagery, and sensory-based priming, to name a few. The authors report on movement-based priming which, compared to other priming types, is less frequently examined and under reported. Movement-based priming includes, but is not limited to, bilateral motor priming, unilateral priming, and aerobic exercise. Clinical and neural mechanistic aspects of movement-based priming techniques are explored.
Faculty perspectives on rewards and incentives for community-engaged work: A multinational exploratory study

Universities around the world are grappling with the challenge of how to best recognise and support community-engaged teaching, research and scholarship. The status quo reveals two major problems: many faculty members express the sentiment that such work is often discounted, and there is a dearth of available information on faculty perspectives at non-US, especially non-Western, institutions. Understanding faculty needs and perceptions may help institutions improve reward systems and community research and engagement. Also, filling the information gap between the Global North and Global South may help policy-makers and educators make higher education more civically engaged and socially responsible. As a global coalition of universities moving beyond the ivory tower, the Talloires Network (TN) is uniquely positioned to provide support for and conduct research on community-engaged work. To better understand engaged faculty attitudes about rewards and incentives, TN launched a pilot survey involving 14 institutions in 11 countries. All of these institutions are members of TN, an international association of 368 institutions in 77 countries committed to strengthening civic engagement. Thirty-eight respondents were chosen based on diverse recruiting requirements. This exploratory study highlights some common opinions about what kind of faculty work is encouraged; whether institutional policies regarding engaged work exist; and how community-engaged work is perceived by colleagues. More importantly, this study contributes to the design and administration of larger surveys on community-engaged work.
Requirements and Benefits of Communication Standards for Users of Distributed Control Systems

Abstract Communication between system elements is the key to successful application of distributed control systems. This paper identifies user problems amenable to solution through application of international communication standards and presents typical cost savings to be expected from broad use of these standards.
The Boundaries of BookTube

ABSTRACTThanks to the sociotechnical capabilities of the Internet, readers, young and old, have been able to establish a vibrant community centered on a shared love of Young Adult novels. On YouTube this community is known as BookTube; here readers review, critique, and endlessly discuss Young Adult books. Within this community there are several popular BookTube “celebrities” who function as boundary spanners—connecting everyday readers to authors and publishers. This innovative use of social media by Young Adult readers has helped to create a community that transcends the isolated and solitary boundaries usually associated with reading.
Test Dose Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients Receiving Once-Daily IV Busulfan Conditioning for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: A Reliable Approach?

Intravenous (IV) busulfan test dose pharmacokinetics (PK) has been shown to accurately predict once-daily dose requirements and improve outcomes in adult transplant patients, but there are limited data to support this approach in children. Test doses of busulfan ∼0.8 mg/kg were infused over 2 to 3 hours, followed by serial sampling to 4-6 hours postinfusion in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (n = 5). Once-daily busulfan doses were calculated based on a myelosuppressive area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) target of ∼3700 to 4000 μmol·min/L and assumed dose-proportionality to the test dose. PK analysis was then repeated at full daily doses within 6-8 days of test dose administration. Plasma PK samples collected under test and full-dose conditions were analyzed using validated commercial assays and noncompartmental methods. In 4 out of 5 patients, PK estimates after once-daily IV busulfan administration differed in comparison to test dose estimates (AUC range -38.2% to +49.7%, clearance range -34.3% to +61.8%). Patients 1, 2, and 3 required increases in remaining daily busulfan doses to achieve AUC targets, and no adjustment was required in patient 4. Patient 5's AUC was 49.7% higher than expected, and he subsequently developed fatal sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. In our experience with pediatric patients, test dose PK failed to reliably predict daily dosing requirements with large discrepancies from predicted AUC targets. This article highlights the necessity for therapeutic drug monitoring of IV busulfan and inadvisability of relying solely on test-dose busulfan PK in pediatric patients. Furthermore, clinicians should consider strategies to expedite dose adjustments in real time.
Preparation of multiblock copolymers via step-wise addition of L-lactide and trimethylene carbonate

Poly(l-lactide) (PLA) is a bioderived and biodegradable polymer that has limited applications due to its hard and brittle nature. Incorporation of 1,3-trimethylene carbonate into PLA, in a block copolymer fashion, improves the mechanical properties, while retaining the biodegradability of the polymer, and broadens its range of applications. However, the preparation of 1,3-trimethylene carbonate (TMC)/l-lactide (LA) copolymers beyond diblock and triblock structures has not been reported, with explanations focusing mostly on thermodynamic reasons that impede the copolymerization of TMC after lactide. We discuss the preparation of multiblock copolymers via the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of LA and TMC, in a step-wise addition, by a ferrocene-chelating heteroscorpionate zinc complex, {[fc(PPh2)(BH[(3,5-Me)2pz]2)]Zn(μ-OCH2Ph)}2 ([(fcP,B)Zn(μ-OCH2Ph)]2, fc = 1,1'-ferrocenediyl, pz = pyrazole). The synthesis of up to pentablock copolymers, from various combinations of LA and TMC, was accomplished and the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the resulting copolymers evaluated.
Corrosion-based operational limit for aluminum clad monolithic U-Mo research reactor fuel plates

Abstract Aluminum clad research reactor fuel plates undergo corrosion during their service. The corrosion product accumulates on the surface of the cladding and may cause fuel failure if it reaches a critical thickness. To avoid the failure, the fuel plate power, cladding surface temperature and irradiation time must be limited. This study discusses corrosion-induced failure mechanisms and applicability of the corrosion-based operational limits to the U-Mo monolithic fuel that is proposed for conversion of some research reactors to the low enriched uranium fuel.
Reconciling Sexism and Women’s Support for Republican Candidates: A Look at Gender, Class, and Whiteness in the 2012 and 2016 Presidential Races

Much of the gender gap literature focuses on women’s greater average liberalism relative to men. This approach masks considerable heterogeneity in political identity and behavior among women based on race, class, and other key socio-demographic characteristics. In the 2016 Presidential contest, political divisions among women were evident in exit polling, which demonstrated that a majority of white women voted for Donald Trump. This was not an anomaly but reflects a more long-standing distinction between white women and women of other racial and ethnic identifications. In this paper, we draw on intersectionality and system justification theory as frameworks for exploring the distinctive political behavior of white women. Using data from the 2012 and 2016 American National Election Studies, we evaluate the factors that attracted white women voters to the GOP and kept them in the fold in spite of expectations that sexism in the campaign would drive women away from the party during the 2016 Presidential race. Our analyses show that many white women endorse sexist beliefs, and that these beliefs were strong determinants of their vote choice in 2016, more so than in 2012. Our findings also point to important divisions among white women based on educational attainment and household income in terms of both the endorsement of sexism and vote choice. These results shed new light on white women’s political behavior and qualify the existing gender gap literature in important ways, offering new insights into the ways whiteness, gender, and class intersect to shape political behavior.
Deriving Service Costs for a Clubhouse Psychosocial Rehabilitation Program

This article (a) discusses “function cost,” a concept to estimate costs where consumers are involved both in delivery and receipt of services; (b) develops a methodology for costing service units for psychosocial rehabilitation clubhouses; and (c) presents a case study of a clubhouse program. Using function cost to estimate the value of member time leads to costs being on average about 10% higher than when using opportunity cost. Because the case-study clubhouse is typical in key dimensions, the methods used here appear generalizable to other programs and should have utility for other rehabilitation-based services for individuals with mental illness.
Quality Analysis for Scientific Workflow Provenance Access Control Policies

The notion of collaborative scientific workflow was coined to address the increasing need for collaborative data analytics using the scientific workflow technique. In such collaborative environments, adequate access control policies are necessary for controlling the sharing of workflows, data products, and provenance information among collaborating parties. Meanwhile, it is important to ensure that the evolution of workflow provenance access control policies meets certain qualities to guarantee the correctness and performance of the policy enforcement engine. To address this concern, this paper proposes a rolebased access control model for scientific workflow provenance. Three quality requirements are defined for scientific workflow provenance access control policies - consistency, completeness, and conciseness. A mapping mechanism from the specifications of workflows to their counterparts in the provenance is developed to preserve quality properties.
What Living as a Resident can Teach Long-Term Care Staff: The Power of Empathy to Transform Care

Leslie Pedtke’s What Living as a Resident can Teach Long-Term Care Staff: The Power of Empathy to Transform Care is a remarkable account of how she developed what she called Through the Looking Gla...
Clinical and Radiological Follow-up of Intraneural Perineuriomas.

Background Management of intraneural perineuriomas remains controversial, largely due to the lack of knowledge regarding the natural history of these lesions. Objective To describe the typical radiological growth pattern of intraneural perineuriomas and to determine how the pattern of growth relates to clinical progression. Methods We performed a retrospective review of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies and serial clinical examinations of a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven intraneural perineuriomas who had 2 MRI studies at least 2 yr apart. The outcome of interest was radiological growth in length or width of the intraneural perineurioma. Radiological growth was tested for association with clinical progression. Results Twenty patients were included in the study. By width, the lesions were on average larger on repeat imaging (P = .009). By absolute length, the lesions were on average longer on repeat imaging (P = .02). By lesion:landmark ratio, there was no difference in length of the lesions between sequential images (P = .09), with 10 (50%) lesions being shorter and 7 (35%) showing no change. No lesions grew to involve a new nerve or division of a nerve on sequential imaging. None of the variables tested were associated with clinical progression. Conclusion We found that intraneural perineuriomas only rarely grow in length, do not grow to involve new nerves or nerve divisions, and growth does not correlate with clinical progression. These findings have significant ramifications for management of these tumors.
Hypoxia causes oxidative base modifications in the pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) VEGF gene that are confined to its promoter

Hypoxia, one of many stimuli utilizing oxygen radicals in signaling, caused oxidative base modifications in the promoter of the hypoxia-inducible VEGF gene (FASEB J. 15: 1267, 2001). A link between...
Child Maltreatment and the Acquisition of Identity Capital: A Retrospective Exploration of a Transformative Social Justice Experience

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore whether secondary classes foster the acquisition of certain agentic capacities for formerly maltreated adolescents. We utilized the ide...
Identifying cytochrome P450s involved in oxidative metabolism of synthetic cannabinoid N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (STS-135)

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs), designer drugs marketed as legal alternatives to marijuana, act as ligands to cannabinoid receptors; however, they have increased binding affinity and potency, resulting in toxicity symptoms such as cardiovascular incidents, seizures, and potentially death. N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (STS-135) is a third generation SCB. When incubated with hepatocytes, it undergoes oxidation, hydrolysis, and glucuronidation, resulting in 29 metabolites, with monohydroxy STS-135 (M25) and dihydroxy STS-135 (M21) being the predominant metabolites. The enzymes responsible for this oxidative metabolism were unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the cytochrome P450 (P450s or CYPs) enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of STS-135. In this study, STS-135 was incubated with liver, intestinal, and brain microsomes and recombinant P450s to determine the enzymes involved in its metabolism. Metabolite quantification was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. STS-135 was extensively metabolized in HLMs and HIMs. Screening assays indicated CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 could be responsible for STS-135's oxidation. Through incubations with genotyped HLMs, CYP3A4 was identified as the primary oxidative enzyme. Interestingly, CYP2J2, a P450 isoform expressed in cardiovascular tissues, showed high activity towards the formation of M25 with a Km value of 11.4 μmol/L. Thus, it was concluded that STS-135 was primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 but may have extrahepatic metabolic pathways as well. Upon exposure to STS-135, individuals with low CYP3A4 activity could retain elevated blood concentration, resulting in toxicity. Additionally, CYP2J2 may aid in protecting against STS-135-induced cardiovascular toxicity.