cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adolescents’ Perceptions of Post-treatment Change: Making Progress Toward a Developmentally-Sensitive Evaluation Process

The evaluation of mental health services is an important tool for understanding treatment efficacy, aswell as for engaging clients in their treatment. Because adolescents are often more reluctant consumers ofmental health services relative to adults, progress monitoring and evaluation may be particularly importantwith these clients. Standardized assessment tools are useful, but the use of open-ended questionsaddressing perceived change and progress made toward recovery is likely to yield important information ina developmentally appropriate way. This mixed-method exploratory study captured adolescents’ (N=74)perceptions of their mental health status in their own words, as well as specific changes they have noted intheir mental health at six months following a brief psychiatric hospitalization. Adolescents’ qualitativedescriptions of their mental health status were classified: “improved,” “worse,” “mixed,” and “same.” Theseoutcome classifications corresponded well with baseline and follow-up scores on several standardizedmeasures of mental health and wellbeing. In articulating their perceptions of change over time, participantsdiscussed symptoms, interpersonal relationships, coping, and future orientation. Our findings revealadolescents’ perspectives on recovery and well-being, and suggest ways that treatment evaluation can beadapted to better meet the developmental needs of young people.
A Comparison of Grade 4 Lymphopenia With Proton Versus Photon Radiation Therapy for Esophageal Cancer.

Purpose Grade 4 lymphopenia (G4L) during radiation therapy (RT) is associated with higher rates of distant metastasis and decreased overall survival in a number of malignancies, including esophageal cancer (EC). Through a reduction in integral radiation dose, proton RT (PRT) may reduce G4L relative to photon RT (XRT). The purpose of this study was to compare G4L in patients with EC undergoing PRT versus XRT. Methods and materials Patients receiving curative-intent RT and concurrent chemotherapy for EC were identified. Lymphocyte nadir was defined as the lowest lymphocyte count during RT. G4L was defined as absolute lymphocyte count <200/mm3. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses (MVA) were performed to assess patient and treatment factors associated with lymphopenia. A propensity-matched (PM) cohort was created using logistic regression, including baseline covariates. Results A total of 144 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 66 years (range, 32-85 years). Of these patients, 79 received XRT (27% 3-dimensional chemo-RT and 73% intensity modulated RT) and 65 received PRT (100% pencil-beam scanning). Chemotherapy consisted of weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel (99%). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups, except for age (median 4 years older in the PRT cohort). G4L was significantly higher in patients who received XRT versus those who received PRT (56% vs 22%; P < .01). On MVA, XRT (odds ratio [OR]: 5.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.35-11.18; P < .001) and stage III/IV (OR: 4.54; 95% CI, 1.87-11.00; P < .001) were associated with G4L. PM resulted in 50 PRT and 50 XRT patients. In the PM cohort, G4L occurred in 60% of patients who received XRT versus 24% of patients who received PRT. On MVA, XRT (OR: 5.28; 95% CI, 2.14-12.99; P < .001) and stage III/IV (OR: 3.77; 95% CI, 1.26-11.30; P = .02) were associated with G4L. Conclusions XRT was associated with a significantly higher risk of G4L in comparison with PRT. Further work is needed to evaluate a potential association between RT modality and antitumor immunity as well as long-term outcomes.
Considerations on Sampling in Transgender Health Disparities Research.

Abstract Collection of gender identity data in national probability-based surveys began in 2014, an important first step toward the inclusion of gender identity measurements in public health survei...
Indirect Doppler flow systolic blood pressure measurements taken with and without headphones in privately-owned, conscious dogs.

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of headphone use and covariates on indirect radial Doppler flow systolic arterial blood pressure (BP) measurements in dogs. Methods Between May and August 2018, 100 privately-owned dogs were enrolled. Blood pressure was measured in lateral recumbency, with and without headphones, using a randomized crossover design. The initial BP, mean of BP 2-6, weight, BCS, MCS, anxiety score, and heart rate were recorded. Mixed effects crossover analyses and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were determined. Results Eighty-four dogs completed the study. Eleven dogs were removed due to excessive anxiety, 10 of which were in the non-headphone first group. The number of dogs diagnosed as hypertensive did not differ between measurement types (19 vs. 18), with seven dogs categorized as hypertensive during both periods. Significant differences in BP were identified (F[1, 80] = 4.3, P = 0.04) due to higher results for measurements taken without headphones for BP 1, but not BP 2-6. Systolic BP was positively correlated with anxiety score, age, and weight. Conclusions and clinical relevance Though BP 1 was significantly higher when taken without headphones, this pattern did not persist for BP 2-6. Lack of association between BP 2-6 results and measurement type could reflect exclusion of dogs most sensitive to white coat hypertension, acclimation to technique, or improved sound quality of headphones. Given significantly higher BP 1 results and disproportionate exclusion of dogs due to anxiety when measurements first were taken without headphones, use of headphones is recommended to improve accuracy of results.
Resolution upgrades for light-sheet microscopy

Single objective light-sheet fluorescence microscopes combine the convenience of conventional sample mounting with sensitive subcellular and super-resolution imaging of cells and tissues.
Intelligent and Automated Emergency Evacuation of populated areas in an event of volcanic activity

This paper attempts to conceptualize an Intelligent Emergency evacuation system. The research aims to facilitate timely and orderly evacuation of densely populated towns and cities falling under the immediate impact zone of post volcanic eruption. Unprecedented growth in population has exerted immense pressure on infrastructure, utilities along with severe changes in global weather. Unplanned growth also leads to breakdown in emergency services in providing assistance to each individual in an actual scenario of a massive disaster. Wildfires in the state of California, in 2018 highlighted this grim reality. The road infrastructure through the state was not cable to handle a sudden influx of vehicles evacuating from their cities.
Climate in the Twenty-First Century

Climate justice accounts for the most challenging global governance goal. In the current post-COP21 Paris agreement climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts, the financialization of the ambitious goals has leveraged into a blatant demand. Following the introduction of the gains from climate change in Chapter 5, this chapter proposes a model to distribute the benefits of a warming earth in a fair way based on which countries are losing and which countries are winning from a warming earth until 2100. A macroeconomic cost-benefit analysis thereby aids to find the optimum solution on how to distribute climate change benefits and burden within society. When unidimensionally focusing on estimated GDP growth given a warmer temperature, over all calculated models assuming linear, prospect or hyperbolic gains and losses, the world will be gaining more than losing from a warming earth until 2100. Based on the WL index of 188 countries of the world, less countries (n=78) will gain more from global warming until 2100 than more countries (n=111) will lose from a warming earth. Based on the overall 〖WL〗_TT index factored by GDP per inhabitant, global warming benefits are demanded to be redistributed in a fair way to offset the costs of climate change loser countries for climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts and to instigate a transition into renewable energy. Adding onto contemporary climate fund raising strategies ranging from emissions trading schemes (ETS) and carbon tax policies as well as financing climate justice through bonds as viable mitigation and adaptation strategies, climate justice is introduced to comprise of fairness between countries but also over generations in a unique and unprecedented tax-and-bonds climate change gains and losses distribution strategy. Climate change winning countries are advised to use taxation to raise revenues to offset the losses incurred by climate change. Climate change losers could raise revenues by issuing bonds that have to be paid back by taxing future generations. Regarding taxation, within the winning countries, foremost the gaining GDP sectors should be taxed. Climate justice within a country should also pay tribute to the fact that low- and high income households share the same burden proportional to their dispensable income, for instance enabled through a progressive carbon taxation. Those who caused climate change could be regulated to bear a higher cost through carbon tax in combination with retroactive billing through inheritance tax to map benefits from past wealth accumulation that potentially contributed to global warming. Deriving respective policy recommendations for the wider climate change community in the discussion of the results is aimed at ensuring to share the burden but also the benefits of climate change within society in an economically efficient, legally equitable and practically feasible way.
Preflight Boundary-Layer Stability Analysis of BOLT Geometry

Boundary-layer stability and laminar-to-turbulent transition are examined on the Boundary Layer Transition flight-test vehicle using predicted flow conditions at ascent and descent flight times. Th...
More than ‘canaries in the gender coal mine’: A transfeminist approach to research on detransition:

Detransition is tied to three related but distinct concepts – the act of detransitioning, the ‘detransitioner’ identity, and the negative transition experience – which I refer to collectively using...
Change in Initial Tympanostomy Tube Placement Timing Yields Decreased Burden of Care Without Increased Complications in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objective:To report a practice audit of the consequences of a change in protocol in the timing of placement of tympanostomy tubes in infants with cleft lip and palate.Participants:All children with...
Gender differences in the volatility of work hours and labor demand.

Abstract This paper examines the role of heterogeneity in a real business cycle model, which traditionally has not fully captured the relative volatility of hours to output. Men and women have different cyclical volatilities in hours worked, which is robust to different filtering methods. This empirical regularity is used to motivate a standard RBC model augmented to allow for two different agents following Jaimovich et al. (2013). These two agents have identical utility functions, but face different elasticities of labor demand due to their different complementarities with capital. These estimated elasticities find that women are more complementary to capital. The calibrated model generates the cyclical volatility of work hours by gender and for the total hours worked that matches the U.S. data better than the traditional representative agent model. I then explore other extensions to this model including investigating the stability of the estimated labor demand elasticities and allowing for various Frisch elasticities of labor supply. This paper demonstrates that allowing for even broad levels of heterogeneity in a simple framework can increase the model’s tractability with the data. Since gender is important to explain U.S. business cycle dynamics, we need to carefully consider heterogeneity when analyzing counter-cyclical economic policy, as it may not have symmetric effects across assorted groups.
Donor-specific antibodies in lung transplantation.

Purpose of review The development of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) after lung transplantation has been recognized as an important risk factor for poor outcomes over the past 20 years. Recently, this has been a focus of intense research, and the purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of humoral responses and important recent findings as well as to identify areas of future research. Recent findings Recent studies have identified donor-derived cell-free DNA (ddcfDNA) as an important biomarker associated with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Importantly, ddcfDNA levels are noted to be elevated approximately 3 months before the onset of clinical allograft dysfunction, making ddcfDNA a particularly appealing biomarker to predict the onset of AMR. Additional notable recent findings include the identification of an independent association between the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from respiratory specimens and the development of DSA. This finding provides potential insights into crosstalk between innate and alloimmune responses and identifies a potential therapeutic target to prevent the development of DSA. Summary Progress in the field of humoral responses after lung transplantation has been slow, but ongoing and future research in this area are critically necessary to improve patient outcomes in the future.
Movement behaviors and health-related fitness among peripubertal adolescents: 2012 NHANES national youth fitness survey data.

BACKGROUND: Less than half of adolescents in the United States meet the recommended levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and health-related fitness (HRF). Using the 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey data, this study aimed to examine the associations of movement behaviors (i.e., MVPA and screen-based sedentary behaviors) with HRF (i.e., cardiovascular and muscular fitness) among 11-16- year-old peripubertal boys and girls, respectively. METHODS: A total of 470 adolescents (227 boys, 243 girls; age: 13.59 ± 1.12 years old) from the 2012 NHANES dataset were included. The study variables included movement behaviors (i.e., MVPA and screen-based sedentary behavior), anthropometric indices (i.e., waist circumference, body mass index [BMI]), and HRF (i.e., cardiovascular fitness and muscular fitness). Correlational and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for boys and girls, respectively. RESULTS: MVPA significantly predicted cardiovascular fitness for boys (s = 0.16, p < 0.05) and girls (s = 0.15, p < 0.05) regardless of weight status; screen-based sedentary behavior and waist circumference in girls significantly predicted muscular fitness (s = -0.13 and s = -0.42, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: To increase overall HRF in peripubertal girls and boys, it is important to help them maintain healthy weight status and to promote MVPA and limit screen-based sedentary behavior, especially in adolescent girls.
Passive Hyperimmune Plasma Therapy in the Treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Results of a 12-Month Multicenter Double-Blind Controlled Trial

High-titer anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies reduced circulating HIV viral burden and has shown promise in previous small uncontrolled studies, warranting a larger controlled study of passive hyperimmune therapy (PHT) in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of PHT in 220 AIDS subjects in a 12-month double-blind placebo-controlled dosing study. Subjects were randomized to receive monthly infusions of 500 mL of plasma (full dose), 250 mL of plasma diluted in 250 mL of 5% human serum albumin (half dose), or 500 mL of 5% human serum albumin (placebo). Positive treatment effects occurred only in full-dose-treated subjects with baseline CD4 cell counts between 50 and 200 cells/mm 3 . Reduced mortality was observed, 1 death in 21 (full dose) versus 3 deaths in 21 (half dose) and 6 deaths in 30 (placebo) (P = .065). CD4 cells improved an average of 32.7 cells/mm 3 over baseline (full dose) versus 0.9 cells/mm 3 (half dose) and a loss of 3.5 cells/mm 3 (placebo) (P = .043). No adverse effects or toxicity was noted in donors or recipients. Based on these findings, PHT appears to be a safe, promising therapy warranting further study.
Flooded Cities: A Comparative Analysis of Flood Management Policies in Indian states

Flooding is a critical issue affecting many countries worldwide with severe consequences on the lives of their residents. In this paper, we conduct a case study of the flood management policies of India by evaluating their implementation in six Indian states that are affected by recurrent flooding every year. The states selected have major cities located near water bodies and have experienced flooding leading to deaths and displacement besides slowing down economic and community development. We evaluate how each of the states align their policies to the national level disaster management guidelines for flood management. We find that for policies established at the state level, implementation within the various regions can vary with some urban areas going beyond the state and national guidelines. We find that not all Indian states follow the established national guidelines, and this poses questions on the challenges on having uniform flood management policies for addressing a complex issue.
Abstract 899: Sexual dysfunction among gynecologic cancer survivors in a population-based cohort study

Background: Treatment for gynecologic cancer is associated with side effects including sexual dysfunction, that present during and after treatment, and can be long lasting. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and the risk of sexual dysfunction among gynecologic cancer survivors compared to cancer-free women in a population-based cohort study. Methods: We identified a cohort of 4,889 endometrial, ovarian and cervical cancer survivors diagnosed between 1997-2012 in the Utah Cancer Registry. Up to five cancer-free women were matched to cancer survivors on birth year and birth state from the Utah Population Database (N=22,809). We used ICD-9 codes to identify sexual dysfunction including dyspareunia, vaginal dryness/atrophic vaginitis, decreased libido, and lack of arousal/orgasm. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for sexual dysfunction with adjustment for potential confounders, including race/ethnicity, baseline body mass index (BMI), and baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Results: Gynecologic cancer survivors had higher risks of sexual dysfunction (HR: 2.52, 95% CI: 2.16, 2.93) compared to a general population of women 1-5 years after cancer diagnosis. Sexual dysfunction was associated with advance cancer stage (HRRegional vs. Localized: 1.59, 95% CI:1.19, 2.12), radiation therapy (HR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.16), and chemotherapy (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.01). Conclusions: Although this large cohort study confirms an increased risk of sexual dysfunction among gynecologic cancer survivors, the proportion of cases documented with diagnosis codes was lower than those commonly reported by gynecologic cancer survivors (6% vs. 10-85%). Further investigation into this discrepancy is important in improving survivorship issues for gynecological cancer patients. Citation Format: Chun-Pin Chang, Christina M. Wilson, Kerry Rowe, John Snyder, Mark Dodson, Vikrant Deshmukh, Michael Newman, Alison Fraser, Ken Smith, Ankita Date, Joseph B. Stanford, David Gaffney, Kathi Mooney, Mia Hashibe. Sexual dysfunction among gynecologic cancer survivors in a population-based cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 899.
Anchor-oriented Time and Phase-based Concurrent Self-localization using UWB Radios

Positioning plays an important role in many IoT applications. Ultra-wideband (UWB)-based positioning is an alternative to GPS in indoor environments due to its multipath resilience and its accuracy and precision. In the presence of a large number of targets to localize, conventional UWB localization fails to provide a practical location update rate. UWB concurrency in conjunction with self-localization has been used in both time-based and phase-based localization making the targets to localize (tags), a relatively passive device with the sole role of receiving wireless packets and calculating its own location. More recently, phase-based concurrent angle estimation also offloaded the hardware complexity and cost to the anchors instead of the tags. In this work, our anchor-oriented approach combines inter-anchor and intra-anchor concurrency for phase-based localization but also allows time-based localization. Our experimental evaluation on a testbed consisting of Decawave platform shows that our technique is not only practical but also performant.
Parkinsonian gait effects with DBS are associated with pallido-peduncular axis activation

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) often shows variable outcomes on treating gait dysfunction in Parkinson9s disease (PD). Such variability may stem from which specific neuronal pathways are modulated by DBS and the extent to which those pathways are modulated relative to one another. Objective: Leveraging ultra-high-field (7T) imaging data and subject-specific computational models, this study investigated how activation of seven distinct pathways in and around STN, including the pallidopeduncular and pedunculopallidal pathways, affect step length at clinically-optimized STN-DBS settings. Methods: Personalized computational models were developed for 10 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of PD and with bilateral STN-DBS implants. Results: The subject-specific pathway activation models showed a significant positive association between activation of the pedunculopallidal pathway and increased step length, and negative association on step length with pallidopeduncular pathway and hyperdirect pathway activation. Conclusions: The STN region includes multiple pathways, including fibers of passage to and from the mesencephalic locomotor area. Future clinical optimization of STN-DBS should consider these fibers of passage in the context of treating parkinsonian gait.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Management of Non-Industrial Private Forests in the Southeastern United States

Abstract This paper explores the potential effects of COVID-19 on forest management decisions undertaken by non-industrial private forest landowners (NIPFL) in the southeastern United States. We find 39% of NIPFL would likely alter their forest management practices as a result of COVID-19. Our results highlight the differential impact of COVID-19 on management practices among segments of NIPFL. Race, source of income from property, COVID-19 impacts to employment/income, and geography were significantly associated with deviations in forest management practices. Consequences to short-term reductions in forest management as it relates to future wildfire risk and associated damages are discussed.
Embryonic development of axon pathways in the Drosophila CNS. II. Behavior of pioneer growth cones

We have identified the neurons that pioneer the major CNS axon tracts in the Drosophila embryo and determined their trajectory and fasciculation choices using serial section electron microscopy. Although Drosophila pioneer neurons make choices similar to those of their grasshopper homologs, there are interesting differences that reflect the much smaller nervous system size and the much faster rate of development characteristic of Drosophila. For example, where 2 longitudinal tracts are pioneered independently in grasshopper, only one is formed in Drosophila. This change is due to a change in fasciculation affinity of the pCC growth cone. Additionally, the intersegmental (IS) nerve is pioneered by a different neuron in Drosophila (aCC) than in the grasshopper (U1) because the smaller Drosophila CNS places the IS nerve within filopodial reach of the aCC soma, while in the grasshopper it is not. Drosophila growth cones explore a much more confined neuropil volume than do grasshopper growth cones but can also sample a larger fraction of the CNS as well. For this reason, some cell-cell recognition events critical to pathfinding in the grasshopper embryo may not be as essential in Drosophila. Nevertheless, many specific cellular affinities have been retained through the evolutionary divergence of these 2 species.
Fundamentals of Government Information: Mining, Finding, Evaluating, and Using Government Resources, Eric J. Forte, Cassandra J. Hartnett, Andrea L. Sevetson (Eds.). Neal-Schuman Publishers, New York (2011), 396 pp. $80.00, ISBN: 978-1-55570-737-8

Fundamentals of Government Information is an excellent guide to government documents. Its focus on digital government information makes it relevant to researchers, but library collections with significant print holdings should also retain older government information guides.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Ordered Organic Monolayer Films on Si(001)

Scanning tunneling microscopy and optical spectroscopy techniques have been utilized to investigate the formation of ordered organic monolayer films on the (001) face of silicon. Cyclopentene and 1,5-cyclooctadiene both produce monolayer films that are ordered translationally and rotationally. The rotational orientations of the molecules arise from the directional interaction of the π orbitals of the starting alkene with the π orbital of the dimers comprising the reconstructed Si(001) surface, with the Si(001) surface acting as a template for determining the directionality of molecules in the subsequent organic film. Using single-domain Si(001) samples, it is shown that the molecular films also exhibit anisotropy in optical properties when measured on centimeter length scales.
Getting better signals out of the brain: decoding algorithms and autonomous electrodes

Summary form only given. This talk summarized our efforts to develop new technologies whose aim is to improve the quality and quantity of the information derived from extracellular recordings. This work is motivated by ongoing activities at Caltech to develop neural prostheses based on the brain's parietal reach region (PRR). The talk first reviewed our progress towards developing a functioning neural prosthesis in order to motivate the need to develop long-lasting chronic interfaces between electrodes and neurons. The second half of the talk focuses on our efforts to develop a new class of "movable" electrodes that autonomously isolate a neural cell so as to optimize the recorded signal quality, and then maintain optimal signal quality using feedback. Such devices are likely to improve the reliability and robustness of future chronic neural prosthetic systems. We also summarized current research in neural decoding algorithms, whose aim is to extract the maximum information content from the recorded signals.
Haemoabdomen secondary to granulomatous periarteritis due to parasitism with Halicephalobus gingivalis in a mare

Summary A 22-year-old Quarter Horse mare exhibited neurological signs consisting of head pressing, central blindness, minimal ataxia and dysphagia. Despite treatment, the mare collapsed and died shortly after onset of signs. On necropsy, there were approximately 15 l of free blood in the abdominal cavity. A 12 × 4 cm diameter, irregularly-shaped, nodular, firm, tan/yellow mass was found adhered to the outer surface of the right lateral aspect of the caudal abdominal aorta. A similar mass also affected the caudal aspect of the right kidney. Histopathology of the aortic and renal masses revealed multiple coalescing granulomas containing intralesional nematodes compatible with Halicephalobus gingivalis. Inflammatory cells disrupted the aortic tunica adventitia as well as the outer tunica media. Similar exudate also affected the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of a portion of the large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene were performed using previously published primers for H. gingivalis to confirm the identity of the nematode. Although rupture of a blood vessel could not be demonstrated grossly, the histological findings suggest that inflammation may have breached a small calibre artery and caused the haemoabdomen.
Leave it at the gate: job stress and satisfaction in correctional staff

Though academic literature firmly establishes an inverse relationship between job stress and job satisfaction, global correctional studies fail to examine the extent of that affiliation on overall correctional job satisfaction. As such, this study uses a faceted approach to explore underlying relationships between organizational, job, and personal characteristics of correctional staff and causes of job stress and satisfaction. Using the Job Satisfaction Survey, nine aspects of job satisfaction are considered. The Work Stress Scale for Correctional Officers’ analyses of five areas of stress directly related to correctional environments. This study examines both uniform and nonuniform staff assigned to a minimum security prison. On average, staff scored well below the average American worker on the Job Satisfaction Survey. Job satisfaction was predicted exclusively by job characteristics or stressors, including the job itself, role conflict, and ambiguity, and the physical condition of the prison, while emp...
Density gradient fractionation of mouse lymphoid tissues: I. Plaque-forming and rosette-forming cells in normal, sensitized and tolerant spleen

Abstract Spleen from non-sensitized, primary sensitized, secondary sensitized and tolerant mice was separated by density gradient centrifugation on bovine serum albumin (BSA) into 5 subpopulations of cells. These subpopulations were analyzed for the presence of antigen-reactive cells (ARC), with the rosette-test, and for the presence of antibody-forming cells (AFC), with the plaque test. The thymic origin of the cells was tested with anti-theta serum. Sheep red blood cells were used as antigen. The results indicate that: 1. (1) Spleen cells are distributed in a characteristic pattern in the gradient, with most of the cells localizing in the middle “C” fraction. 2. (2) The top “A” fraction (light density) contains relatively more macrophages and large lymphocytes. The bottom “D” fraction (high density) contains relatively more small lymphocytes. 3. (3) Non-sensitized spleen has very few plaque-forming cells (PFC). Most of the rosette-forming cells (RFC) are localized in the “C” fraction but enrichment of RFC is highest in the “A” fraction. 4. (4) In primary sensitized spleen, the number of RFC and PFC has increased. The PFC secrete IgM antibody. Most of the RFC are localized in the top 3 fractions (“A”, “B”, “C”) of the gradient. Most of the PFC are localized in the top 2 fractions (“A”, “B”) of the gradient. The enrichment of both RFC and PFC is greatest in the top “A” fraction. 5. (5) In secondary sensitized spleen, some of the RFC and PFC (IgG-secreting) have increased in density. Most of the RFC and PFC are localized in the “B” and “C” fraction. The enrichment of RFC is still greatest in the “A” fraction. The enrichment of PFC is equally divided among the “A” and “B” fraction of the gradient. 6. (6) Tolerant spleen lacks both RFC and PFC. 7. (7) Anti-theta serum is cytotoxic only to cells in the “A” fraction of non-sensitized, primary sensitized and secondary sensitized spleen. Antitheta serum is not cytotoxic for any fraction of tolerant cells. 8. (8) Anti-theta serum only reduces the RFC in the top “A” fraction of the gradient. Anti-theta serum does not affect the PFC. The results indicate that RFC and PFC from primary and secondary sensitized spleen localize primarily in the light density fraction(s) of a BSA gradient and that the RFC in the top (light density) fraction are thymusderived. The results also indicate that tolerant spleen lacks thymus-derived cells.
Integration of High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors into Industrial Process Applications

This report is a preliminary comparison of conventional and potential HTGR-integrated processesa in several common industrial areas: ? Producing electricity via a traditional power cycle ? Producing hydrogen ? Producing ammonia and ammonia-derived products, such as fertilizer ? Producing gasoline and diesel from natural gas or coal ? Producing substitute natural gas from coal, and ? Steam-assisted gravity drainage (extracting oil from tar sands).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Susceptibility Artifacts Due to Metallic Foreign Bodies

Susceptibility artifacts due to metallic foreign bodies may interfere with interpretation of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies. Additionally, migration of metallic objects may pose a risk to patients undergoing MR imaging. Our purpose was to investigate prevalence, underlying cause, and diagnostic implications of susceptibility artifacts in small animal MR imaging and report associated adverse effects. MR imaging studies performed in dogs and cats between April 2008 and March 2010 were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of susceptibility artifacts associated with metallic foreign bodies. Studies were performed using a 1.0 T scanner. Severity of artifacts was graded as 0 (no interference with area of interest), 1 (extension of artifact to area of interest without impairment of diagnostic quality), 2 (impairment of diagnostic quality but diagnosis still possible), or 3 (severe involvement of area of interest resulting in nondiagnostic study). Medical records were evaluated retrospectively to identify adverse effects. Susceptibility artifacts were present in 99/754 (13.1%) of MR imaging studies and were most common in examinations of the brachial plexus, thorax, and cervical spine. Artifacts were caused by identification microchips, ballistic fragments, skin staples/suture material, hemoclips, an ameroid constrictor, and surgical hardware. Three studies were nondiagnostic due to the susceptibility artifact. Adverse effects were not documented.
Neural and Hormonal Control of Parental Behavior in Birds

Publisher Summary Birds exhibit a wide spectrum of parental care patterns ranging from brood parasitism, in which no parental behavior is displayed, to full-time attentiveness to the eggs and young by one or both parents. This chapter reviews the neural and hormonal mechanisms that regulate parental care expression in galliform and columbiform species. It attempts to relate the evidence to that obtained in other avian species that have received less experimental attention. For purposes of this discussion, parental behavior is defined as those activities directed toward care of eggs or young. However, it is important to emphasize that these behaviors arise from antecedent events. At the risk of minimizing the importance of physiological and stimulus continuity in promoting transitions from one form of parental activity to another during the breeding cycle, the neural and hormonal regulation of parental activities exhibited prior to hatching (that is, incubation behavior) are discussed separately from those occurring after hatching (brooding and feeding the young). The chapter also discusses the physiological determinants of nest defense behavior that is displayed both before and after hatching in many species.
FUSE Observations of Outflowing O VI in the Dwarf Starburst Galaxy NGC?1705

We report FUSE far-UV spectroscopy of the prototypical dwarf starburst galaxy NGC 1705. These data allow us for the —rst time to directly probe the coronal-phase (T \ a few times 105 K) gas that may dominate the radiative cooling of the supernova-heated interstellar medium (ISM) and thereby determine the dynamical evolution of the starburst-driven out—ows in dwarf galaxies. We detect a broad (D100 km s~1 FWHM) and blueshifted (*v \ 77 km s~1 )O VI j1032 absorption line arising in the previously known galactic out—ow. The mass and kinetic energy in the out—ow we detect is dominated by the warm (T D 104 K) photoionized gas which is also seen through its optical line emission. The kinematics of this warm gas are compatible with a simple model of the adiabatic expansion of a superbubble driven by the collective eUect of the kinetic energy supplied by supernovae in the starburst. However, the observed properties of the O VI absorption in NGC 1705 are not consistent with the simple superbubble model, in
Nephrocystins and MKS proteins interact with IFT particle and facilitate transport of selected ciliary cargos

Cilia are required for the development and function of many organs. Efficient transport of protein cargo along ciliary axoneme is necessary to sustain these processes. Despite its importance, the mode of interaction between the intraflagellar ciliary transport (IFT) mechanism and its cargo proteins remains poorly understood. Our studies demonstrate that IFT particle components, and a Meckel–Gruber syndrome 1 (MKS1)-related, B9 domain protein, B9d2, bind each other and contribute to the ciliary localization of Inversin (Nephrocystin 2). B9d2, Inversin, and Nephrocystin 5 support, in turn, the transport of a cargo protein, Opsin, but not another photoreceptor ciliary transmembrane protein, Peripherin. Interestingly, the components of this mechanism also contribute to the formation of planar cell polarity in mechanosensory epithelia. These studies reveal a molecular mechanism that mediates the transport of selected ciliary cargos and is of fundamental importance for the differentiation and survival of sensory cells.
Reciprocal regulation of TGF-β and reactive oxygen species: A perverse cycle for fibrosis

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is the most potent pro-fibrogenic cytokine and its expression is increased in almost all of fibrotic diseases. Although signaling through Smad pathway is believed to play a central role in TGF-β's fibrogenesis, emerging evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate TGF-β's signaling through different pathways including Smad pathway. TGF-β1 increases ROS production and suppresses antioxidant enzymes, leading to a redox imbalance. ROS, in turn, induce/activate TGF-β1 and mediate many of TGF-β's fibrogenic effects, forming a vicious cycle (see graphic flow chart on the right). Here, we review the current knowledge on the feed-forward mechanisms between TGF-β1 and ROS in the development of fibrosis. Therapeutics targeting TGF-β-induced and ROS-dependent cellular signaling represents a novel approach in the treatment of fibrotic disorders.
Impaired LRP6-TCF7L2 Activity Enhances Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Causes Coronary Artery Disease

Mutations in Wnt-signaling coreceptor LRP6 have been linked to coronary artery disease (CAD) by unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that reduced LRP6 activity in LRP6(R611C) mice promotes loss of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation, leading to aortic medial hyperplasia. Carotid injury augmented these effects and led to partial to total vascular obstruction. LRP6(R611C) mice on high-fat diet displayed dramatic obstructive CAD and exhibited an accelerated atherosclerotic burden on LDLR knockout background. Mechanistically, impaired LRP6 activity leads to enhanced non-canonical Wnt signaling, culminating in diminished TCF7L2 and increased Sp1-dependent activation of PDGF signaling. Wnt3a administration to LRP6(R611C) mice improved LRP6 activity, led to TCF7L2-dependent VSMC differentiation, and rescued post-carotid-injury neointima formation. These findings demonstrate the critical role of intact Wnt signaling in the vessel wall, establish a causal link between impaired LRP6/TCF7L2 activities and arterial disease, and identify Wnt signaling as a therapeutic target against CAD.
On constructing T2 control charts for on-line process monitoring

In this paper we study the performance of χ2 control limits on T2 control charts during on-line process monitoring. We make recommendations on the minimum number of subgroups necessary for control charts based on estimated parameters to perform similar to control charts based on true parameters when the χ2 control limit is used. We discuss an exact procedure for constructing T2 control charts using estimated parameters that perform similar to control charts based on true parameters regardless of the number of preliminary subgroups. Furthermore, we suggest an implementation approach for using Alt's control limit on T2 control charts until the accumulation of recommended minimum number of subgroups.
A prospective study of the utility of abdominal radiographs after capsule endoscopy for the diagnosis of capsule retention

Background Capsule retention is a rare but serious complication of capsule endoscopy (CE). The utility of routine abdominal radiographs after CE for the diagnosis of capsule retention is not established. Objective To establish the utility of abdominal radiographs in the diagnosis of capsule retention in patients undergoing CE. Design Prospective cohort study. Patients Consecutive patients undergoing CE. Setting Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Arizona, a multispecialty academic medical center. Intervention Abdominal radiographs were performed on days 3, 7, and 14 after CE. If the patient visualized passage of the capsule, the subsequent abdominal radiograph was cancelled. Main Outcome and Measurements Capsule retention, defined as the capsule endoscope seen on the day-14 abdominal radiograph. Results A total of 115 patients (46% men; mean age 65 years, range 20-88 years) underwent CE, which was performed for obscure GI bleeding in 86%, for suspected Crohn's disease in 5%, and for other indications in 9%. Thirty-four patients (30%) reported spontaneous passage of the capsule by day 3 and an additional 2 patients by day 7. Of the 81 reporting nonpassage by day 3, 66 (82%) underwent abdominal radiographs. Abdominal radiographs in 14 of 66 patients (21%), 3 of 12 (25%), and 2 of 3 (66%) showed a retained capsule on day 3, 7, and 14, respectively. Three patients (2.6%) were diagnosed with capsule retention. Two had serial abdominal radiographs: capsule retention was detected on the day-14 radiographs, and both underwent surgery. Histopathology revealed diaphragm disease of the small intestine in both patients. One patient who did not have serial abdominal radiographs had a small-bowel tumor as the cause of his capsule retention. In all 3 patients, the colon was not visualized on CE. Conclusions Capsule retention is a rare but serious complication of CE. Most patients do not visualize capsule passage. For patients who do not visualize capsule passage and, in whom the colon is not visualized on the video imaging, an abdominal radiograph on day 14 will help identify those with capsule retention.
Alcohol-use problems in young black adults: effects of religiosity, social resources, and mental health.

Objective: Problems with alcohol remain a serious public health concern despite decreased use among some populations. Here we examine the relationship between alcohol problems and religiosity, hypothesizing that social resources may mediate this relationship. Method: Using data from a longitudinal cohort study of a black community population (N=1242) followed from age 6 to 32, analysis of moment structures (AMOS) multiple regression analyses were used to examine the association of religious involvement and alcohol-use problems, taking into account mediators, moderators, or both. Results: Findings from this study support and extend the current literature that being male, having a major depressive disorder, completing fewer years of education, being unemployed, moving more frequently, and not attending church at least monthly are associated with serious problems with alcohol use in blacks. Those who were depressed and attended church frequently were no more likely to have alcohol problems than those who wer...
Influence of ligand valency on ligand-influenced monomer-dimer equilibrium systems and biological control mechanisms

Two specific ligand-influenced monomer-dimer equilibrium systems are discussed. Each has a ligand-to-dimer subunit ratio of 0.5. Equilibrium characteristics of the system are described in terms of the effect of a bivalent ligand on both experimental and theoretical analysis. It is shown that Hill expressions need to be modified for multivalent ligand systems, and care is needed in equilibrium parameter determination. Some unique properties of these systems are retained, yet others are altered in the presence of a multivalent ligand. A suggestion as to the minimum amount of information needed to describe completely a ligand-influenced monomerdimer system is given. The estrogen-receptor system is presented as an attractive biological model for both theoretical and experimental study of ligand-influenced polymerizing systems and their role in cellular control requirements.
Model-space nuclear matter calculations with the Paris nucleon-nucleon potential

Using a model-space Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach, we have carried out nuclear matter calculations using the Paris nucleon-nucleon potential. The self-consistent single particle spectrum from this approach is continuous for momentum up to k/sub M/, where k/sub M/roughly-equal2k/sub F/ is the momentum space boundary of our chosen model space. The nuclear matter average binding energy and saturation Fermi momentum given by our calculations are approx.15.6 MeV and approx.1.56 fm , respectively. When using the conventional Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach with a spectrum which has a gap at k/sub F/, the corresponding results are approx.11.5 MeV and approx.1.50 fm . The gain of approximately 4 MeV in binding energy between the two calculations comes mainly from the TS1 and S0 partial wave channels. We have investigated the effect of adding an empirical density dependent central potential to the Paris potential. It is found that the addition of such a potential whose strength is approx.10% of the central component of the Paris potential is adequate in making the nuclear matter binding energy and saturation density in simultaneous agreement with the empirical values.
Organic composition of PM2.5 and size-segregated aerosols and their sources during the 2002 Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE), Florida, USA

Abstract PM2.5 and size-segregated aerosols were collected in May 2002 as part of the Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE), Florida, USA. Aerosol organic composition was used to estimate sources of a series of alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using chemical indices, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and a chemical mass balance receptor model (CMB). Aerosols were collected on quartz fiber filters (QFF) using a PM2.5 high volume sampler and on aluminum foil discs using a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI, 50% aerodynamic cut diameters were 18, 10, 5.6, 3.2, 1.8, 1.0, 0.56, 0.315 and 0.171 μm). Target compounds included alkanes and PAHs and were solvent extracted using a mixture of dichloromethane, acetone and hexane, concentrated and then analyzed using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The target compounds in PM2.5 were dominated by six sources during the study period: mobile sources (39±5%), coal burning (33±5%), biogenic primary emission (20±2%), oil combustion (5±2%), biomass burning (1.0±0.3%) and an unidentified source (3±2%). Results obtained from the chemical indices, HCA and CMB were in very good agreement with each other. PAH size distributions are presented for days dominated by a same source. Seventy-five percent and 50% of the PAH were found below 1.8 and 0.56 μm, respectively (monthly PAH geometric diameters averaged 0.43 μm). Coarse size PAHs were observed on 1 day (15 May) and were correlated with nitrate and sodium size distribution. It is hypothesized that the PAHs, sodium and nitrate were internally mixed and that the PAHs deposited onto a pre-existing marine aerosol. This transfer process has significant implications for PAH deposition and lifetime and warrants further study.