cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shape-selective Isopropylation of Naphthalene over Hydrogen-Mordenite Catalysts Effect of Mordenite Dealumination

An increasing demand for 2,6-dialkylnaphthalene has spurred interest in shape-selective naphthalene alkylation. This work deals with mordenite-catalyzed shape-selective naphthalene isopropylation to produce 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (2,6-DIPN). Effects of dealumination of mordenite on the structural and acidic characteristics and on the shape selectivity and activity were examined by physicochemical analysis, TPD, solid-state 27 Al and 29 Si MAS NMR, XRD, as well as catalytic alkylation reactions. Dealumination removes octahedral At species as well as tetrahedral At species, decrease the unit cell dimensions, and reduce the number of strong acid sites in mordenites. Proper dealumination can improve selectivity to 2,6-DIPN from 33 to 61% and significantly increases 2.6/2.7 ratio. Improved selectivity to 2,6-DIPN upon proper dealumination was attributed to decrease in mordenite acidity, reduction in unit cell dimension, and removal of some strong acid sites. However, neither the change in selectivity nor that in activity is a simple function of dealumination degree or SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio Some minor difference in the apparent framework SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio can result in major difference in activity or selectivity. There exist optimum conditions of dealumination as well as optimum reaction conditions for achieving higher selectivity to 2.6-DIPN.
Dystrophin and Diagnosis of Muscular Dystrophy

The value of dystrophin analysis in the early diagnosis of two patients with childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy is reported from the Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical College, Sapporo, Japan.
The human-animal bond's role with the abused child

viii CHAPTER 1: JNTRODUCTION 1 Prevalence of Abuse 2 Results of Child Abuse 3 The Human-Animal Bond 6 Statement of the Problem 8 Limitations of Study 8 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 10 Child Abuse 10 History of Child Abuse 11 Definitions of Child Abuse 13 Effects of Abuse 17 Factors Mediating the Impact of Abuse 18 Summary of Child Abuse 20 The Human-Animal Bond 21 History of the Human-Animal Bond 21 Definition of Animal-Assisted Therapy 22 Summary of the Human-Animal Bond 24 Self-Esteem 25 History of Self-Esteem 25 Definition of Self-Esteem 25 The Abused Individual and Self-Esteem 27 Summary of Self-Esteem 30 Nurturing 31 History of Nurturing 31 Definition of Nurturing 32 Summary of Nurturing 35 Anger 35 History of Anger 35 Definition of Anger 36 Summary of Anger 38
Tailoring capping layers to reduce stress gradients in copper metallization

Capping layers for back-end-of-line metallization, which primarily serve as diffusion barriers to prevent contamination, also play a role in mitigating electromigration in the underlying conductive material. Stress gradients can be generated in copper metallization due to the conditions associated with the capping process. To study the effects of deposition and subsequent annealing on the mechanical response of copper films with various capping schemes, we employed a combination of conventional and glancing incidence X-ray diffraction techniques to quantify the stress gradient maxima. The Cu films with dielectric caps, such as silicon nitride, can exhibit large gradients that decrease slightly with thermal cycling. However, Co and TaN-based metallic capping layers create significantly lower stress gradient maxima in copper features both before and after annealing. The different evolution of stress gradients in Cu films with dielectric and metallic caps due to thermal cycling reveals the interaction of dislocation-mediated, plastic deformation with the cap/Cu interface.
Investigation of graphene using low energy positron annihilation induced Doppler broadening spectroscopy

We report the first measurements on 6-8 layers graphene using a low energy positron beam employing a high efficiency rare gas moderator. Doppler broadening of the annihilation gamma was measured from graphene over layers at positron kinetic energies as low as 2 eV. The efficient trapping of positrons on the surface state of graphene at these low energies has been utilised to get Doppler broadened gamma spectra predominantly from graphene over layer on Cu. The ratio of the annihilation gammas measured at low positron energies (a few eV) to that measured at 20 keV show features corresponding to carbon. W-parameter calculated from gamma spectra at different positron energies point towards trapping of positrons in defected graphene as well as at the interface of graphene over layer and Cu. This is the first ever measurements of graphene film of 2-3 nm thickness on a substrate with a depth resolved Doppler broadening spectroscopy at positron kinetic energies below 10 eV.
Near-Surface Thermodynamic Sensitivities in Simulated Extreme-Rain-Producing Mesoscale Convective Systems

AbstractThis study investigates the influences of low-level atmospheric water vapor on the precipitation produced by simulated warm-season midlatitude mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). In a series of semi-idealized numerical model experiments using initial conditions gleaned from composite environments from observed cases, small increases in moisture were applied to the model initial conditions over a layer either 600 m or 1 km deep. The precipitation produced by the MCS increased with larger moisture perturbations as expected, but the rainfall changes were disproportionate to the magnitude of the moisture perturbations. The experiment with the largest perturbation had a water vapor mixing ratio increase of approximately 2 g kg−1 over the lowest 1 km, corresponding to a 3.4% increase in vertically integrated water vapor, and the area-integrated MCS precipitation in this experiment increased by nearly 60% over the control. The locations of the heaviest rainfall also changed in response to differences in...
A reduced resistive wall mode kinetic stability model for disruption forecasting

Kinetic modification of ideal stability theory from stabilizing resonances of mode-particle interaction has had success in explaining resistive wall mode (RWM) stability limits in tokamaks. With the goal of real-time stability forecasting, a reduced kinetic stability model has been implemented in the new Disruption Event Characterization and Forecasting ( DECAF) code, which has been written to analyze disruptions in tokamaks. The reduced model incorporates parameterized models for ideal limits on β, a ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure, which are shown to be in good agreement with DCON code calculations. Increased β between these ideal limits causes a shift in the unstable region of δWK space, where δWK is the change in potential energy due to kinetic effects that is solved for by the reduced model, such that it is possible for plasmas to be unstable at intermediate β but stable at higher β, which is sometimes observed experimentally. Gaussian functions for δWK are defined as functions of E × B...
The winds of change Anisotropic rocks—their preferred direction of fluid flow and their associated seismic signatures—Part 1

Editor's note: This article is the first of two parts that together form an abbreviated version of the Fall 2004 SEG/AAPG Distinguished Lecture. A PowerPoint presentation of this material is posted on the SEG Web site. “The winds of change” refer to much more than just anisotropic rocks whose seismic anisotropy provides insight into horizontal permeability anisotropy. The way we view our planet is changing. The planet is now being studied as the interaction of four interlocking systems—the hydro-sphere, the atmosphere, the lithosphere, and the biosphere—as all absorb energy from our sun and change. The planet and all its subsystems, like geology or climate, are explicitly evaluated as interdependent and interacting within the context of the local community. The heterogeneity at the surface of our planet and the recycling of compounds and elements (water, nitrogen, sulfur, etc.) enable our planet to support life. My earth science career has spanned two revolutions: the plate-tectonic revolution during the 1970s, and today's profound reevaluation of “how our planet works” and our roles as planet-dwellers. The rocks that are the primary focus of most of our studies are best understood as, firstly, the result of the interactions of the climate, the water conditions, the depositional setting, the biosphere, and the provenance of the sediments, and secondly, the lithification and geologic history they have undergone. The biosphere shows up in our rocks both as fossils (a key means of dating rocks!) and as liquid or solid organic remains. We understand any given stratigraphic facies in the context of its spatial neighbors—its community—and its plate-tectonic setting. The climate includes the actions of gravity, sunlight, and atmosphere, but it is affected by where the land masses are and how they are linked together. Oil industry geoscientists are uniquely placed, via access to important data and sophisticated tools, …
New Approach to Study Iron Sulfide Precipitation Kinetics, Solubility, and Phase Transformation

A reliable anoxic plug flow reactor has been developed to study iron sulfide (FeS) precipitation kinetics, solubility, and phase transformation simultaneously. The effects of temperature (23–125 °C), ionic strength (0.00886–5.03 mol/kg), and ferrous iron [Fe(II)] to sulfide [S(-II)] concentration ratio (1:20 to 1:5) were studied. The kinetics of FeS precipitation was found to be a pseudo-first-order reaction with respect to Fe(II) concentration, when Fe(II) concentration is significantly lower than the S(-II) concentration. FeS precipitation kinetics can be accelerated by high temperature and high ionic strength but not be affected by the Fe(II) to S(-II) concentration ratio at the tested ratio range. A model for predicting FeS solubility and precipitation was developed by using FeS solubility data measured in this study and data from literature. At a temperature ≤100 °C, freshly precipitated FeS was found to be mackinawite. Mackinawite can transform to troilite at a temperature ≥50 °C, and low ionic stre...
Developing multidimensional measures of healthy food access among low-income adults in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

OBJECTIVE Access to nutritious foods is key to achieving health promotion goals. While there is evidence that nutritious food access is complex, measures assessing multiple domains of access, including spatial-temporal, economic, social, service delivery and personal, are lacking. The current study evaluates psychometric properties of scales designed to measure perceptions of multiple domains of nutritious food access among low-income populations. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015. Eighty-one items were selected or developed to represent five domains of nutritious food access for food shopping overall and specific to shopping at farmers' markets. Evaluation of the items included exploratory factor analysis within each domain and internal consistency reliability for each of the sub-scales. SETTING Data were collected in seventeen urban neighbourhoods in Greater Cleveland, Ohio, USA that have high levels of poverty. All participants had access to at least one farmers' market within 1·6 km (1 mile) of their home to standardize spatial access to nutritious foods. SUBJECTS Adults (n 304) receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits. RESULTS Each domain included multiple sub-domains: spatial-temporal (four), service delivery (two), economic (two), social (three) and personal (three), for a total of fourteen subdomains. The internal consistency reliability for one of the sub-domains was outstanding (>0·90), seven were excellent (0·80-0·89), five were very good (0·70-0·79) and one scale had poor reliability (0·58). CONCLUSIONS Multiple sub-domains of nutritious food access can be assessed using short measures that have been tested for internal consistency. These measures are suitable for assessing the complex phenomena of nutritious food access among low-income populations.
Synchronized Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions Provide a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Advantage in Medial-Olivocochlear Reflex Assays

Detection of medial olivocochlear-induced (MOC) changes to transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) requires high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). TEOAEs associated with synchronized spontaneous (SS) OAEs exhibit higher SNRs than TEOAEs in the absence of SSOAEs, potentially making the former well suited for MOC assays. Although SSOAEs may complicate interpretation of MOC-induced changes to TEOAE latency, recent work suggests SSOAEs are not a problem in non-latency-dependent MOC assays. The current work examined the potential benefit of SSOAEs in TEOAE-based assays of the MOC efferents. It was hypothesized that the higher SNR afforded by SSOAEs would permit detection of smaller changes to the TEOAE upon activation of the MOC reflex. TEOAEs were measured in 24 female subjects in the presence and absence of contralateral broadband noise. Frequency bands with and without SSOAEs were identified for each subject. The prevalence of TEOAEs and statistically significant MOC effects were highest in frequency bands that also contained SSOAEs. The median TEOAE SNR in frequency bands with SSOAEs was approximately 8 dB higher than the SNR in frequency bands lacking SSOAEs. After normalizing by TEOAE amplitude, MOC-induced changes to the TEOAE were similar between frequency bands with and without SSOAEs. Smaller MOC effects were detectable across a subset of the frequency bands with SSOAEs, presumably due to a higher TEOAE SNR. These findings demonstrate that SSOAEs are advantageous in assays of the MOC reflex.
The Rank and File

Just as there remains an assumption that Yeomanry regiments were commanded by gentry, it continues to be accepted that its ranks were filled with tenant farmers and estate workers. As the preceding chapter demonstrates for the officer corps, the composition of the Yeomanry’s other ranks was similarly nuanced. This chapter again relies on a detailed prosopographical study to answer why men chose to serve with the Yeomanry as well as how social and environmental pressures affected its potential membership. As with the officer corps, the Yeomanry experience is contextualised within the broader amateur military movement, in addition to the changeable socio-economic climate that the United Kingdom experienced from the middle of the nineteenth century.
Reasons for and perceived benefits of utilizing complementary and alternative medicine in U.S. adults with migraines/severe headaches.

Abstract We estimated prevalence rates of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by reason for use (treatment, wellness, or both), and examined perceived benefits of using CAM among U.S. adults with migraines/severe headaches. The 2012 National Health Interview Survey, which represents non-institutionalized adults with migraines/severe headaches (n = 4447 unweighted), were used. Of the study sample, 41.3% used some form of CAM in the past year. Nearly a third of them (29.6%) used CAM for wellness only and 59% used CAM for both wellness and treatment. In given six self-reported perceived benefits, those who used CAM for wellness only and for a combination of both treatment and wellness had higher likelihoods of reporting benefits for all categories (p
E-Commerce in China: Culture and Challenges

The development of e-commerce in China has been of interest to many throughout both the scholarly and business communities. Certainly, a nation which claims one of the largest populations of Internet users, together with a dominant role in the global economy, would be expected to be a major player in e-commerce. However, because of the impacts of various variables, constraints, as well as the makeup of the population and its Internet users, e-commerce in China has evolved differently, and has unique characteristics compared with e-commerce from other nations and markets. An analysis of the current state of e-commerce in China, followed by an analysis of the factors which impact upon China’s e-commerce, provide insight into its development of electronic business. The role of culture, which is another key factor, is also discussed. From here, a look to future trends and directions is provided.
Using a SANE interdisciplinary approach to care of sexual assault victims

Article-at-a-Glance Background Many hospitals have recognized the need to develop policies and procedures for female sexual assault victims' prompt access to emergency medical care and for collecting law enforcement evidence. At Lehigh Valley Hospital (Allentown, Penn), care in the emergency department (ED) for sexual assault victims was covered by on-call obstetricians and gynecologists. Although many aspects of rape management were in place, a busy ED with varying levels of physician response and exposure to the process of rape management contributed to a lack of standardized, objective, timely, and compassionate medical management of sexual assault victims. Developing the program The Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) interdisciplinary approach to care of sexual assault victims was implemented in May 1998. Community education and awareness projects emphasized prevention of sexual assault and domestic violence, as well as minimization of trauma for victims by promoting services that provide a supportive, caring, and healing environment. Results Comparing a baseline group of 130 sexual assault victims with 39 patients who were evaluated after the SANE approach was implemented indicated increased clinical interaction and significant improvements in quality indicators, such as completeness of evaluation and information gathered relevant to medical-legal issues. Discussion Law enforcement staff developed a more collaborative relationship with SANE examiners through the interdisciplinary team approach. Collaborative relationships were initiated with several other hospitals in the hospital's integrated delivery system to help offset some of the program's training, continuing education, and on-call costs and to allow for joint outcomes collection. The SANE program became a core ED service in July 1999.
Brain Development and CNS Plasticity

Since the first developmental studies using fMRI there has been an almost logarithmic growth of investigations regarding functional brain development. This growing knowledge, in combination with landmark animal studies of developmental neuroplasticity, has provided us with significant insight into the nature of brain development and how brain maturation might map onto behavior. Throughout this chapter we discuss how a number of related developmental phenomena (e.g., myelination, pruning, spontaneous activity, neuroplasticity, etc.) interact to produce a common trajectory for the typically developing brain. We also point out that much of our knowledge concerning typical development comes from studies examining neuroplasticity. In addition, we highlight the growing evidence suggesting that abnormal neuroplasticity may contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders by altering typical developmental trajectories of many brain interactions across broad cortical and subcortical networks. We emphasize how such phenomena may not only be related to neurological and psychiatric disorders of development, but disorders in adulthood as well.
Weight-Loss Resilience Among Low-Income Postpartum Women: Association With Health Habits.

Using a weight resilience framework, health habits of diet and physical activity, social support, and perceived stress were compared in women who lost weight (resilient) and those who did not lose ...
Micro-Mechanical Model for Thermo-Oxidative Aging of Elastomers

In this study, a micro-mechanical model for constitutive behavior of elastomers subjected to thermo-oxidative aging is proposed. The model is based on the network decomposition concept and lies within the framework of continuum mechanics. It is assumed that the aging process leads to the formation of a new network with tighter chains. Accordingly, the strain energy of the system is constituted of two independent sources, the energy of the original soft network and the one of the reformed network. These strain energies were computed by integration of entropic energy of polymer chains in each direction of a micro-sphere. The model demonstrates good agreement with different experimental data on relaxation and intermittent tests.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
The High‐Pressure Characterization of Energetic Materials: 1‐Methyl‐5‐Nitramino‐1H‐Tetrazole

Pressure-volume relations and optical Raman and Infrared spectra of polycrystalline 1MNT have been obtained under quasi-hydrostatic conditions up to 16 and 40 GPa, respectively, by using diamond anvil cell, synchrotron-based angle-resolved X-ray diffraction, and microspectroscopy. The X-ray measurements show that the pressure-volume relations remain smooth up to 16 GPa at room temperature, while vibrational measurements show no evidence of a phase transition to near 40 GPa. Anomalous increases of several vibrational intensities and bandwidths suggest that subtle molecular distortions and structural modifications occur in the crystal as pressure increases. Decompression experiments indicate the structural modifications are reversible.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Views About Aspiration Risk and Comfort Feeding in Advanced Dementia.

Background:Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are often called upon to assess swallowing function for older adults with advanced dementia at high risk of aspiration and make recommendations about ...
Get Out and the legacy of sundown suburbs in post-racial America

In the thriller Get Out (2017), director Jordan Peele depicts the reality of people of color in wealthy, white-dominated spaces in ‘post-racial’ America after the election of Obama. In a post-racia...
VR and Volitional Pain: Testing Immersive Interventions During a Tattoo

The efficacy of Virtual reality (VR) as a non-pharmacological pain remedy remains widely supported. Yet, despite robust findings establishing VR as a pain reducer, the strength of this claim is weakened by several factors, namely restricted accessibility to vulnerable subjects and variability in pain type/severity. To address these issues, we propose testing the analgesic effects of VR on volitional pain, namely pain experienced during a tattoo. Leveraging qualitative interviews with tattoo artists and customers, a 3-month on-site field experiment at a tattoo parlor was conducted. Preliminary findings support the efficacy of volitional pain as a means by which to test the analgesic effects of VR interventions. Methodological considerations and guidelines for follow-up investigations using this experimental approach are discussed.
Planners’ presence in planning for water quality and availability

Abstract Efforts to integrate transportation, land use, and environmental planning have focused predominately on improving air quality and reducing greenhouse gases through the promotion of transit and nonmotorized modes, and on densifying and diversifying urban development to increase the feasibility of such modes. However, consumer choices and built form also impact another, equally important natural resource: water. In this paper, I use legislative analysis, a survey, and in-depth interviews to assess how local planners are engaging in planning for water quality and availability. In the United States, states have the legal authority to allocate and mandate planning for water supply, while water quality is controlled through federal legislation, the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Yet land use choices that affect both water availability and quality are made at the local level. Because city and regional planning offers opportunities to better manage water use and improve water quality efficiently, urban planners are beginning to address the role of water in the urban development process. In this chapter, I examine how state legislation is fostering comprehensive water planning in 26 states. I evaluate the legislation’s relative social-ecological resilience and its enumeration of planning roles in state and substate comprehensive water planning to assess the extent to which the legislation’s mandates and incentives encourage, enable, and/or force local planners to address growing water needs. I also examine watershed level and local level planning efforts to reduce non-point source contamination in surface water bodies and water conservation responsibilities in planning departments in exemplary case study areas. Together, the results reveal the importance of urban planning to achieve better water quality and to influence the allocation of the increasingly scarce water supply.
Comparison of Hospital Readmission and Resource Use Among Stroke Patients Discharged With and Without Home-Health Prescription

Date Presented 04/04/19 Using 1,216 stroke surveys and propensity score matching methods, we examined the influence of home-health prescription on the resource use and risk of 90-day hospital readmissions after inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Primary Author and Speaker: Ickpyo Hong Additional Authors and Speakers: Loree Pryor, Meredith Shields, Samantha Wimberly
Automatic MBIST Scheduling Engine

Due to shrinking technology node and demand for higher performance in an ASIC chip, SOC designs are becoming more and more memory intensive. Production testing of memories in SOCs on ATE is done by a memory BIST controller hardware engine embedded in the hardware. Implementation of BIST hardware is based on factors like clock frequency, physical location of memories and power domain considerations. Actual power efficiency of the MBIST implementation in SOC can only be found during ATE testing of silicon Devices. Simultaneous testing of all memories is often not possible due to dynamic voltage (IR) drop issues in the SOC. Current workaround is to test the MBIST controllers in strategic groups without having much of IR drop issues in different PVT conditions. This approach leads to increase in pattern volume and test time. DFT and ATE engineers have to spend considerable time and effort in this process. In this paper, we are proposing a novel idea, a method for automatically finding a working combination of MBIST controllers that can be tested simultaneously taking into consideration dynamic IR drop along with PVT variations. This new method reduces ATE and DFT engineer's time to bring up MBIST patterns for any SOC post-silicon validation. Since the grouping is done algorithmically, this solution saves test time and tester volume. The idea has been implemented as a hardware engine in SOC RTL and its experimental results are also shown in this paper. This automatic method makes use of JTAG interface to interact with the MBIST controllers, thus making it scalable to any SOC chip with JTAG based MBIST architecture.
Pathologizing the Wounded?: Interrogating the Efficacy of 'Post-traumatic Stress Disorder' in An Era of Gun Violence

Drawing on the 2017 Las Vegas Shooting as a potent example of trauma, this article investigates how classifying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (APA, 2013) shapes cultural understandings of traumatization and survival in an era of gun violence. “PTSD” reproduces colonizing arrangements of power, as elucidated by an activ­ity theory analysis of the DSM-5, the global authority on psychiatric diagnoses, alongside both diagnostic protocols for PTSD and PTSD discourse in news cov­erage of the Las Vegas Shooting. This rhetorical approach to the DSM-5 as a complex system of activity exposes conflicting effects: classifying post-traumatic stress as “mental disorder” qualifies traumatized survivors for medical treatment, while also pathologizing the debilitating, long-term trauma that mass shootings can cause. This potential conflict between alleviating and pathologizing suffering shores up an individual or biomedical model of health, in contrast to a public health model oriented around the health of populations, that may shame survivors and commodify their pain.
Mitochondrial functional resilience after TFAM ablation in adult cardiomyocytes

The adult heart is a terminally differentiated tissue that depends on mitochondria for its energy supply. Respiratory chain energy supply deficits due to alterations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) or in nuclear genome (nDNA)-encoded mtDNA regulators are associated with cardiac pathologies ranging from primary mitochondrial cardiomyopathies to heart failure. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is an nDNA-encoded regulator of mtDNA transcription, replication, and maintenance. Insufficiency of this protein in embryonic and postnatal cardiomyocytes causes cardiomyopathy and/or lethality, establishing TFAM as indispensable to the developing heart; its role in adult tissue has been inferred from these findings. Here, we provide evidence that challenges this long-standing paradigm using Tfam ablation in the adult heart. Unexpectedly, loss of Tfam in adult cardiomyocytes resulted in a prolonged period of functional resilience characterized by preserved mtDNA content, mitochondrial function, and cardiac function despite mitochondrial structural alterations and decreased transcript abundance. Remarkably, TFAM protein levels did not directly dictate mtDNA content in the adult heart, and mitochondrial translation was preserved with acute TFAM inactivation, suggesting a mechanism whereby respiratory chain assembly and function can be sustained, which we term functional resilience. Finally, long-term Tfam inactivation induced a coordinated downregulation of the core mtDNA transcription and replication machinery that ultimately resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy. Taken together, adult-onset cardiomyocyte-specific Tfam inactivation reveals a striking resilience of the adult heart to acute insults to mtDNA regulatory mechanisms and provides insight into critical differences between the developing versus differentiated heart.
E-065 SolitaireX 6X40 revascularization device for M2 segment thromboembolism: preliminary safety and effectiveness outcomes

Background The SolitaireX revascularization device (Medtronic, Irvine, CA) is deliverable through an 021 microcatheter and incorporates a parametric stent design resulting in lower radial force in smaller diameter vessels compared with Solitaire Platinum and Trevo (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA), in spite of its large 6 mm diameter. The combination of low radial force and ease of delivery make the device an attractive choice for (M2 segment) thromboembolism. Purpose To report our preliminary safety and effectiveness outcomes of the SolitaireX 6 × 40 mm (SX) for treatment of M2 segment thromboembolism. Methods Procedure data representing embolectomies performed at a comprehensive stroke center between 9/5/2019 and 2/7/2020 were reviewed for use of the SX. Collected data include location and size of treated arteries, utilization of balloon guide catheters (BGC) or distal aspiration (DAC), and revascularization success (M2 TICI ≥ 2B). Post procedure imaging and clinical data was reviewed for evidence of radiographic complications with the primary safety endpoint being SICH (ECAS definition). 90 day mRS were determined by phone interview by a trained nurse practitioner. Results 24 cases utilizing the SX were identified during the study period and an M2 segment was treated in 14 instances (7 representing primary M2 segment occlusions, 2 tandem cervical ICA/M2 occlusions, the remainder salvage following primary M1 segment occlusion). Completion M2 TICI ≥2B was 12/14 (86%). 90d mRS scores were available for 5 of the 14 cases representing treated M2 segment thromboemboli with mRS ≤ 2 recorded in 2/5 (40%). Additional clinical and outcome data is summarized below. Post procedure SAH was observed in 4/14 (28.6%) cases and was trace volume in all but one case where there was significant SAH and PH1 hemorrhage. This case represented the only SICH and was observed after two unsuccessful M2 passes of the SX (M2 TICI 0) as salvage following a M1 segment direct aspiration embolectomy. A fifth patient had non-symptomatic HT1 hemorrhagic conversion. Overall rate of any ICH 5/14 (36%), rate of SICH 1/14 (7.1%). Conclusion The SolitaireX 6 × 40 mm revascularization device can be used for M2 segment thromboembolism. The one significant complication in this cohort (SICH due to combined PH1 hemorrhagic conversion and SAH) may have been attributable to factors independent of the revascularization device. Treated arteries ranged from 1.5 – 2 mm and there was an overall good safety profile and high angiographic success rate. Disclosures B. Cristiano: None. K. Cicilioni: None. J. Dye: None. J. Jacobson: None. D. Hoss: None.
Multiple sperm collection as an effective solution for gamete management in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)

Abstract The aims of this study were to investigate (a) the effects of single or multiple sperm collection with catheter, and (b) impacts of multiple sampling method (catheter or syringe) on sperm quality in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). To compare the effects of sampling method, sperm was collected repeatedly from the same fish using catheter (n = 6) or syringe (n = 5) at 48, 52 and 56 h post-hormonal injection. For the single collection group as control, sperm was collected with catheter from 12 fish at 48 h post-injection. The results showed that multiple sperm collection with catheter does not significantly (P ˃ 0.05) influence sperm volume and density compared to single sperm collection. However, multiple collection with syringe led to drastic reduction of sperm density at 56 h post-injection. Moreover, sperm volume was influenced by post-injection time where the highest volume was obtained at 48 h post-injection. Furthermore, sperm density and osmolality of seminal plasma were significantly affected by sampling method and post-injection time where higher values were found for the samples collected with catheter at 48 h post-injection. Number of males producing milt with motile spermatozoa decreased along with multiple sperm collection. Sperm motility at 60 s post-activation was affected by the interaction of sampling method and post-injection time, and the highest value was obtained for the sperm collected with syringe at 48 h post-injection. Sperm curvilinear velocity (VCL) at 15 and 45 s post-activation was affected by sampling method and post-injection time, respectively. These findings contribute to the pikeperch hatchery practices, as multiple sperm collection could be applied during artificial reproduction if limited number of males are available.
Variation in leaf temperatures of tropical and subtropical trees are related to leaf thermoregulatory traits and not geographic distributions

To help predict the effects of global warming on plants, previous studies have investigated how the distributions and physiological performances of plants relate to environmental temperatures. This approach implicitly assumes that leaf temperatures are tightly linked to regional air temperatures. However, the thermoregulatory behaviors and physical properties of leaves can differ greatly between species, leading to different plants having different leaf temperatures even when they occur under similar conditions. It is important to understand this variation in leaf thermoregulatory traits and temperatures in order to predict how individual species will be impacted by global warming. We measured the thermal properties of leaves from >50 tropical and subtropical tree species grown at the Gifford Arboretum (Florida, USA). For each species, we measured maximum leaf temperature and rate of leaf warming using a new standardized protocol to control for both environmental variation and select plant thermoregulatory behaviors. We tested the relationships between the two thermal variables and several leaf functional traits. Even under laboratory‐controlled conditions, leaf temperatures varied by over 8.5°C among species. Maximum leaf temperature was positively correlated with leaf area, and rate of leaf warming was negatively correlated with water content per leaf area. This suggests that some species may be able to offset rising air temperatures through acclimation or adaptation of these leaf properties. Next, we tested the relationships between the species’ leaf thermal properties and their climatic niches/distributions, but we found no significant associations. These results call into question the use of regional air temperatures to model plant physiological and demographic performance. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Social Media Filter Use and Interest to Pursue Cosmetic Facial Plastic Procedures

Our aim was to explore the effect of social media face-altering programs on desire for subsequent facial plastic procedures. This was a cross-sectional survey study in two cities, incorporating par...
Synthesis of Butyl-Exchanged Polyoxymethylene Ethers as Renewable Diesel Blendstocks with Improved Fuel Properties

Methyl-terminated polyoxymethylene ethers (MM-POMEs), having the formula CH3O–(CH2O)n–CH3 (n = 3–5), are a high-cetane, low-sooting group of oxygenates that have recently attracted attention as pot...
Leroy Hassell the Teacher

This article is a short tribute to the late Virginia Chief Justice Leroy R. Hassell Sr. Justice Hassell was a man of great accomplishment, academically, professionally, and in service to others. He was a consummate chief justice and community leader. The article, though, focuses on another aspect of Justice Hassell’s life and service: his role as a teacher. It describes how for over 15 years as he served as Jurist-in-Residence at Regent University School of Law, Chief Justice Hassell shaped the lives of students and faculty through his words and character.
Failure to Compensate: Nerve Injury Patients Use Their Injured Dominant Hand, Even When Their Non-Dominant is More Dexterous.

Abstract Objective To identify how individuals respond to unilateral upper extremity peripheral nerve injury via compensation (increased use of the non-dominant hand). We hypothesized that injury to the dominant hand would have a greater impact on hand usage (left vs. right choices). We also hypothesized that compensation would not depend on current (post-injury) non-dominant hand performance, because many patients undergo rehabilitation that is not designed to alter hand usage. Design Observational survey, single-arm. Settings Academic research institution and referral center. Participants 48 adults with unilateral upper extremity peripheral nerve injury. Another 14 declined participation. Referred sample, including all eligible patients from 16 months at one nerve injury clinic and one hand therapy clinic. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Hand usage (% of actions with each hand) via Block Building Task. Dexterity via Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function. Results Participants preferred their dominant hand regardless of whether it was injured: hand usage (dominant/non-dominant) did not differ from typical adults, regardless of injured side (p > 0.07), even though most participants (77%) were more dexterous with their uninjured non-dominant hand (mean asymmetry index -0.16 ± 0.25). The Block Building Task was sensitive to hand dominance (p = 2.0 × 10−4), and moderately correlated with Motor Activity Log amount scores (r2 = 0.33, p = 2.9 × 10−5) . Compensation was associated only with dominant hand dexterity (p = 3.9 × 10−3), not on non-dominant hand dexterity, rehabilitation, or other patient/injury factors (p > 0.1). Conclusions Peripheral nerve injury patients with dominant hand injury do not compensate with their unaffected non-dominant hand, even if it is more dexterous. For the subset of patients unlikely to recover function with the injured hand, they could benefit from rehabilitation that encourages compensation with the non-dominant hand.
Groundwater Related Impacts of Climate Change on Infrastructure

Climate change will impact physical infrastructure, including water, wastewater, transportation, energy, residential, commercial, and industrial facilities, in many manners. Most basically, communities and facilities located in low-lying coastal areas will become increasingly vulnerable to inundation from rising sea levels, initially during storm and extreme tidal events, and eventually permanently as mean sea level approaches land surface. Heavy precipitation events and associated flooding will also impact infrastructure in low-lying coastal and riverine (flood plain) areas. Coastal flooding can be caused by direct ingress of seawater, through rising groundwater levels (i.e., groundwater inundation; GWI), and in some instances backflow through stormwater drain systems. GWI can be more difficult to manage than direct marine flooding because conventional physical barriers (e.g., sea walls, dikes, and levees), depending on their construction and local hydrogeology, may be largely ineffective. Climate change impacts could accelerate physical degradation of the built environment, and increase operation, maintenance, engineering design, and construction costs to support long-lived public water, wastewater, road, and other systems.
Excess and Residual Intersections

If X Y is a regular imbedding, V⊂Y a subvariety, we have constructed (§ 6.1) an intersection product X·V in A m (X∩V), where m = dim V - codim (X, Y). If a closed subscheme Z of X∩V is given, the basic problem of residual intersections is to write X·Vas the sum of a class on Z and a class on a “residual set” R. There is a canonical choice for the class on Z, namely $$ {\left\{ {c\left( N \right) \cap s\left( {Z,V} \right)} \right\}_m} $$ where N is the restriction to Z of N X Y, and s(Z,V) is the Segre class. Our problem is therefore to compute this class on Z, and to construct and compute a residual intersection class \( \mathbb{R} \) in A m (R), for an appropriate closed set R such that Z∪R= X∩V, with $$ X \cdot V = {\left\{ {c\left( N \right) \cap s\left( {Z,V} \right)} \right\}_m} + \mathbb{R} $$
Ultrafast all-optically controlled 2/spl times/2 crossbar switch

A new LiNbO/sub 3/ all-optical device, the terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer, or TOAD, was used as an optically controlled 2x2 routing switch and also as an ultrafast all-optical routing controller to enable individual address bits to be read in this tightly compressed packet header and also set the state of the routing switch.
On the Dynamic Detection of Interchangeability in Finite Constraint Satisfaction Problems

We investigate techniques that detect, dynamically during search, undeclared symmetries in the form of interchangeability (Freuder’91) in Constraint Satisfaction Problems, with the long-term goal of drawing a compact landscape of the solution space of a given CSP instance. As a first step towards our goal, we propose a new algorithm for dynamically computing interchangeability during backtrack search and demonstrate how it enhances the performance of search.
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Activation and Oxidant Signaling in Astrocytoma Cells

Presence of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been observed in most high risk factors for brain tumor development. Our past study demonstrated that ROS could induce increased brain tumor cell proliferation. Growth effects of ROS may involve modifications of cellular proteins such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which regulate cell proliferation. Here, we report effects of a ROS (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) and an antioxidant (N-acetylcysteine, NAC) on MAPK activation in astrocytoma (U373-MG) cells. MAPKs are activated by phosphorylation that can be detected by Western blot analysis. The unphosphorylated/inactivated form of MAPK exhibits slower mobility on SDS-PAGE compared to the phosphorylated/activated form. Densitometric analysis was used to measure MAPK activation. Results indicate that H2O2 caused a dose and time-dependent increase in MAPK activation in astrocytoma cells. Furthermore, ROS-induced activation was almost completely suppressed by NAC. NAC also inhibited serum-induced MAPK activation indicating there may be an oxidant-sensitive component to serum-induced growth signaling. Modifications of MAPKs by H2O2 demonstrate that ROS-induced proliferation is via biochemical pathways similar to other known growth stimuli. Understanding of processes that link a proliferation signal (ROS) to cell proliferation can aid in the selection of therapy used to suppress brain tumor growth.
Enhanced techniques for current balanced logic in mixed-signal ICs

In this paper, dual-V/sub T/ and negative feedback are proposed to reduce the noise of the current-balanced logic for mixed-signal ICs. Based on the circuit analysis and SPICE simulation, the dual-V/sub T/ technique shows advantages over the conventional current-balanced logic design in gate area, delay, power dissipation, and switching noise. The negative feedback further reduces the noise spike.
Effect of Zn impurities on the normal-state Hall angle in single-crystal YBa2Cu3-xZnxO7- delta.

In Zn-doped single-crystal ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Zn}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ we show that the normal-state Hall angle varies as cot${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{\mathit{H}}$=\ensuremath{\alpha}${\mathit{T}}^{2}$+\ensuremath{\beta}x, as predicted by Anderson (T is temperature). The existence of two distinct relaxation time scales (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathit{H}}$\ensuremath{\sim}1/${\mathit{T}}^{2}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{tr}}$\ensuremath{\sim}1/T), required by experiment, precludes all multi-band Drude-type models. A number of puzzling features of the Hall effect in the cuprates are resolved with the new analysis. We also report an improved measurement of the scattering cross section of Zn in the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes.
Inscribing Class Struggle in Space: Unemployed Protest in the Ruhr in Late Weimar Germany

This article foregrounds the spatial dimensions of culture and lifeworld in unemployed collective actions and considers how actual lived spaces helped constitute and shape unemployed protest in the Ruhr during the late Weimar Republic (1929–33). It complements the analysis of the temporal aspects of unemployed contention highlighted in recent work by Matt Perry, Matthias Reiss, Eve Rosenhaft, and Anthony McElligott. The article is based on primary sources from federal, state, regional, and urban archives in Germany and is informed by recent developments in spatial theory in anthropology, phenomenology, historical geography, and Marxism regarding the politics of space and the spatiality of political action. It explores the social production (i.e., materiality and physicality) as well as the social construction (i.e., experience and use) of space to show how the unemployed used their intimate knowledge and experience of the Ruhr's urban environments to protest their condition, gain many of their economic de...
Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Redox Polymer Nanostructures

Template-based electrochemical methods for the synthesis of nanostructures on the basis of new redox polymers poly[M(Schiff)] (M = Ni, Pd; Schiff = tetradentate Schiff bases) with nanowire diameter...
Porcelain laminate veneers: reasons for 25 years of success

This article discusses failures that could occur if meticulous attention is not given to details such as planning the case, conservative (enamel saving) preparation of teeth, proper selection of ceramics to use, proper selection of the materials and methods of cementation of these restorations, proper finishing and polishing of the restorations, and proper planning for the continuing maintenance of these restorations. Some concerns as to newer products and methods and their effect on the continued success of this modality of treatment are also addressed.