cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of varicella-zoster virus infection during pregnancy and the peripartum.

Abstract This paper reviews the important concepts about varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection, varicella (chickenpox), and herpes zoster (shingles, zoster) during pregnancy and the peripartum period. The majority of the U.S. population has had chickenpox during childhood, leaving only about 10% of adults over the age of 15 susceptible to the virus. However, nonimmunc adults, including pregnant women, are at greater risk for complications and mortality when they contrac varicella. The virus is also teratogenic. The implication of VZV infection during pregnancy and the perinatal period are presented. Risks such as varicella pneumonia and congenital defects can be serious even though the incidence during pregnancy is low, one to five per 10,000 pregnancies. Management and treatment plans are presented. Counseling and education aimed at prevention or modification of the infection in the mother and baby is outlined.
Immunocytochemical Localization of Reserve Protein in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Developing Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Cotyledons

The ultrastructure of the storage parenchyma cells of the cotyledons of developing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds was examined in ultrathin frozen sections of specimens fixed in a mixture of glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and acrolein, infused with 1 M sucrose, and sectioned at-80° C. Ultrastructural preservation was excellent and the various subcellular organelles could readily be identified in sections which had been stained with uranyl acetate and embedded in Carbowax and methylcellulose. The cells contained large protein bodies, numerous long endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, mitochondria, dictyosomes, and electron-dense vesicles ranging in size from 0.2 to 1.0 μm. Indirect immunolabelling using rabbit immunoglobulin G against purified phaseolin (7S reserve protein), and ferritin-conjugated goat immunoglobulin G against rabbit immunoglobulin G was used to localize phaseolin. With a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml of anti-phaseolin immunoglobin G, heavy labeling with ferritin particles was observed ober the protein bodies, the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, and the vesicles. The same structures were lightly labeled when the concentration of the primary antigen was 0.02 mg/ml. Ferritin particles were also found over the Golgi bodies. The absence of ferritin particles from other organelles such as mitochondria and from areas of cytoplasm devoid of organelles indicated the specificity of the staining, especially at the lower concentration of anti-phaseolin immunoglobulin G.
Morphine metabolism and normorphine in Papaver somniferum

Abstract Normorphine has been established as an active metabolite of morphine in P. somniferum . This was done by, (a) demonstrating the presence of normorphine throughout the life cycle of the plant, (b) finding normorphine- 14 C after feeding morphine- 14 C via the roots, and (c) exposing opium poppies to 14 CO 2 under steady state conditions which led to morphine and normorphine of the same specific activity. Feeding normorphine- 14 C showed that the N -demethylation step is irreversible. A sensitive procedure was developed for the detection of normorphine in the presence of large amounts of morphine; using this procedure, normorphine was found in raw opium. These results indicate that the major, if not the sole, morphine degradative pathway involves an initial demethylation to normorphine, which is subsequently degraded to non-alkaloidal metabolites. The high rates of turnover observed led to the conclusion that the morphine alkaloids do play an active metabolic role, perhaps as specific methylating agents.
COST DISINFLATION AND EXPORT EXPANSION

SUMMARY This note is an attempt to offer a quantitatively significant answer to the question: How effective is cost disinflation likely to be in restoring a deficit country's balance of payments equilibrium? This question is occasioned by such recent structural changes in the world economy as to intensify cost-price competition in international markets. In seeking the needed answer, the author has set up a system of equations to describe the relevant domestic and foreign variables affecting a trading nation's balance of payments–on plausible assumptions. The analysis made on the basis of that system leads to the following conclusions: 1. If a nation is not a marginal supplier of internationally tradeable goods, the price-elasticity of world demand for that nation's exports is likely to be so far below unity (trend value) as to worsen its balance of payments in consequence of a disinflation-induced fall in its export price, given the constant exchange rates and the constant level of effective world demand. 2. If a nation's exports consist largely of capital goods and manufactures, the income-elasticity of world demand for that nation's exports is likely to exceed unity so as to aggravate its balance of payments difficulties during a period of falling effective world demand possibly set off by some other nation's disinflationary drive, cet. par. 3. If a nation's cost disinflation increases its innovational investment (designed to increase general productivity), its induced imports are likely to increase via the foreign-trade multiplier and so to offset any beneficial effect that a disinflationinduced fall in the export price might have on its trade balance. 4. In sum, the analysis would make it theoretically unsound and practically unwise for any trading nation to place unilaterally excessive reliance on the price mechanism in general and disinflation in particular for balance of payments equilibrium–especially in this day and age of universal wage-price rigidities, income sensibilities and exchange-rate flexibilities.
The Effect of Transition-Metal Doping on Chromium Deposition at Pt/YSZ Cathode Interfaces

Understanding compositional effects, especially at solid oxide fuel cell operating conditions, is important for the selection of materials that minimize the impact of chromium deposition. In this study, the effect of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) doping on Cr deposition at a Pt electrode/YSZ electrolyte interface was investigated. A comparison between undoped and doped YSZ electrolyte surfaces after cathodic polarization in moist air at 800 degrees C in the presence of chromia indicated that the presence of Mn, Co, or Fe in the electrolyte significantly promotes Cr deposition at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Electron microscopy of the Co-doped YSZ electrolyte surface after cathodic polarization for 10-45 h clearly showed that with Co doping, the deposition of Cr occurs preferentially at YSZ grain boundaries. Impedance spectroscopy results showed that chromium deposition led to a decrease in resistance with Mn- and Fe-doped YSZ electrolyte, which was attributed to the increase in the three-phase boundary length. However, this beneficial effect of Cr deposition was not observed with Co doping, which may be related to the preferential deposition of chromia at the YSZ grain boundary, resulting in fewer Cr deposits at the cathode/electrolyte interface. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3428384] All rights reserved.
Sensitivity of regional brain dopamine systems to haloperidol.

As the extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic drugs tend to di~nish with time, while the ~tipsychotic effects do not (Coleman and Hayes 1975), it seems plausible that the sources of these two phenomena lie in different regions of the brain. With the demonstration of dopaminergic terminals in the rat frontal cortex (Thierry et al. 1973), these neurons have become the focus of much research describing their functional properties and implicating them in the therapeutic action of neuroleptics. For example, it has been shown that rat pmfrontal cortex shows a smaller increase in dopamine metabolites upon acute drug administration (Bannon et al. 1983) and less tolerance to this effect upon chronic administration (Bannon et al. 1982) than other brain regions. More recently, however, certain authors (Laduron et al. 1977; Matsumoto et al. 1983; Chang et al. 1986) have suggested that the prefrontal cortex is preferentially sensitive to haloperidol at very low doses and that this unique propetty lends support to the assertion that this region is the site of action of neuro-
On the equivalence of elementary and composite particles

Abstract Equivalence between composite particles, defined as the zeroes of the D-function of the N D method, and elementary particles with vanishing wave function renormalization constants has been proved in the approximation of retaining only two particle intermediate states. A precise formulation of the N D method is presented to facilitate the comparison with field theory. The vanishing of the wave function renormalization constant is formulated in terms of the Lehmann representation. We are led to a detailed study of the properties of the proper vertex part in order to establish the equivalence of the above two procedures.
Molecular neurobiology: Implications for insecticide action and resistance

La neurobiologie moleculaire permet d'etudier la structure et le fonctionnement des cibles des insecticides neurotoxiques. Cet article decrit ses applications dans le domaine de la resistance aux insecticides et particulierement pour l'etude de la biologie moleculaire des canaux sodium voltage-dependants, dans le contexte de la resistance au DDT et aux pyrethrinoides resultant d'une reduction de la sensibilite des neurones
Effect of Chromium Niacinate and Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, Glycated Hemoglobin, Triglycerides and Cholesterol Levels in blood of Streptozotocin-treated Diabetic Rats

Chromium (Cr(3+)) supplementation facilitates normal protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, and is widely used by the public in many countries. This study examined the effect of chromium niacinate (Cr-N) or chromium picolinate (Cr-P) supplementation on lipid peroxidation (LP), TNF-alpha, IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1)), cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) in diabetic rats. Diabetes (D) was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozotocin (STZ) (ip, 65 mg/kg BW). Control buffer, Cr-N, or Cr-P (400 microg Cr/kg BW) was administered by gavages daily for 7 weeks. Blood was collected by heart puncture using light anesthesia. Diabetes caused a significant increase in blood levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, glucose, HbA(1), cholesterol, TG, and LP. Compared with D, Cr-N supplementation lowered the blood levels of TNF-alpha (P=0.04), IL-6 (P=0.02), CRP (P=0.02), LP (P=0.01), HbA(1) (P=0.02), TG (P=0.04), and cholesterol (P=0.04). Compared with D, Cr-P supplementation showed a decrease in TNF-alpha (P=0.02), IL-6 (P=0.02), and LP (P=0.01). Chromium niacinate lowers blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, CRP), oxidative stress, and lipids levels in diabetic rats, and appears to be a more effective form of Cr(3+) supplementation. This study suggests that Cr(3+) supplementation can lower the risk of vascular inflammation in diabetes.
Resistance to computer innovation: knowledge coupling in clinical practice

Dr. Lawrence Weed's "knowledge coupling" (KC) computer innovation (Weed, 1991; 1997; 2000) is designed to overcome the widely documented limitations of the human mind. By linking (or "coupling") patient-specific findings with relevant medical knowledge, KC tools exploit the power of the computer to reliably recall, process, and organize vast quantities of medical knowledge and information that would otherwise be missed during the clinical encounter. Further, KC tools offer an alternative strategy for managing clinical uncertainty, which also entails relinquishing personal responsibility for patients and decision making. Previously-learned orientations toward uncertainty and responsibility predispose physicians to resist this alternative strategy. Existing orientations are sustained by the broader institutional framework medicine. Nonetheless, changes in the institutional framework --- namely, greater patient participation in decision making and growing interest among third-parties to regulate medical care costs and quality --- will likely make it more difficult to sustain current orientations to clinical practice and will instead produce conditions that are more favorable to the widespread use of KC tools.
A year affair with security: the development of a security program and manager

Development of a security program is a complex task but adaptation of standard models and procedures can simplify the task. The challenge is to make the program complex enough that it protects all the areas of risk but simple enough to be comprehensible and acceptable by non-security management and employees. A model for a corporate risk profile and a variant of the McCumber cube are offered. A program methodology of define, control, monitor is explained. These areas are explored in the context of a new security manager developing an information security program for a large, global corporation.
The age extremes for reproduction: Current implications for policy change

The changing demographic features of births in the United States include an increasing number of older women and a decreasing number of adolescents giving birth. Births in adolescents have lower risks than those in women more than 34 years of age and probably of those more than 30 years of age. There is an increase in complicated pregnancies in the United States, related, no doubt in part, to the above. Older women require more costly, high-technology prenatal care, such as genetic counseling, genetic antenatal diagnosis, amniocentesis, ultrasonography, and electronic fetal heart rate testing. The financing of health care needs to recognize these changes. Detailed studies of the economics of perinatal care, more specific to patient population mix and complication-treatment patterns are needed to establish priorities with the payment system to assure appropriate care.
Hyperbolic metamaterials: Kronig Penney approach (presentation video)

Hyperbolic optical metamaterials is an interesting class of extremely artificial materials that exhibit metallic or dielectric properties depending on the polarization. Effective medium approach predicts that the wavevectors can be infinitely high, although in practicability they are limited by the periodicity of the metamaterials (often referred to as “nonlocality”). In this talk we examine a different approach, based on Kronig Penney modal and show how one can obtain dispersion, group velocity, density of states, and the loss of hyperbolic metamaterial without reverting to extensive numerical calculations. Our approach shows that hyperbolic materials can be interpreted as coupled arrays of gap plasmons, and also reveals an interesting fact, missing form effective medium model) that elliptical and hyperbolic dispersions can coexist in the material at certain frequencies.
Provider Recommendation Mediates the Relationship Between Parental Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Awareness and HPV Vaccine Initiation and Completion Among 13- to 17-Year-Old US Adolescent Children

Objectives. To examine the association between parental human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness and HPV vaccine initiation/completion based on 13- to 17-year-old US adolescent children and to explore whether these associations were mediated by provider recommendation. Methods. We used publicly available National Immunization Survey–Teen 2011 data (11 236 adolescent girls and 12 328 boys). Results. Weighted logistic regression analysis showed that parental HPV awareness and provider recommendation predicted HPV vaccine initiation and completion separately among both girls and boys, after adjusting for demographic and health care use variables. When provider recommendation and parental HPV awareness were entered in the model simultaneously, only provider recommendation was independently associated with HPV vaccine initiation and completion, demonstrating a mediation effect of provider recommendation. Conclusions. Future studies are needed to better understand why physicians may not provide a recommendation for...
Oxysterols from human bile induce apoptosis of canine gallbladder epithelial cells in monolayer culture

Oxysterols have been detected in various mammalian organs and blood. Biliary epithelium is exposed to high concentrations of cholesterol, and we have identified three keto-oxysterols (cholest-4-en-...
Aspects of fertility with frozen-thawed ram semen.

A number of experiments with diluents, cryoprotective agents, dilution rate, equihbration time, and freezing techniques have resulted in freezing methods for ram semen giving fairly good post-thaw sperm survival (9). Despite the acceptabIe post-thaw sperm survival in vitro, frozen-thawed semen usuaIIy yields an unsatisfactory conception rate when inseminated into the posterior cervix, In general, the conception rate appears to be at least 20% Iower than with fresh semen. There are, however, examples in which frozen semen, under ideal conditions, results in a normal conception rate (4). It should be pointed out that in Colas’ study, the insemination dose was high (400 x 10e) and that double inseminations 12 hr apart were used. Thus, only three to five ewes could be inseminated with one ejaculate-a very low efficiency. In this context, it is worthwhile to emphasize that sheep insemination also faces certain problems with fresh semen: Fertility is retained for a rather short storage time (9) and a fairly Iarge number of spermatozoa per insemination dose (100 x 10G) is required. This is about 10 times more than needed to achieve normal ferti,lity in cattle, Intrauterine versus cervical insemination. It has been known for at least 10 years that
Entropy-driven self-assembly of nanoparticles into strings

Abstract Entropy calculations based on the Boltzmann equation reveal that well dispersed systems of nanoparticles have lower entropy than those in which the particles self-assemble into strings which behave as self-avoiding walks (SAWs). These predictions are verified against actual Monte Carlo simulations of the thermal random motion of nanoparticles in solution and in polymer melts. In both systems, simulations indicate a spontaneous aggregation into strings of n particles whose radius of gyration R g ( n ) scales as n 0.6 , as in SAWs. Interestingly, we also observe that the number distribution of string sizes n , weighted by their corresponding gyration volume R g ( n ) 3 , closely follows the entropy profile for SAWs of length n .
Crystal Structure of 6α-(Hydroxymethyl)penicillanate Complexed to the TEM-1 β-Lactamase from Escherichia coli: Evidence on the Mechanism of Action of a Novel Inhibitor Designed by a Computer-Aided Process

The crystal structure of the complex of the TEM-1 β-lactamase from Escherichia coli inhibited by 6α-(hydroxymethyl)penicillanic acid (1) is reported herein. This is the first structure for an acyl-enzyme intermediate with a substrate reported for a native class A β-lactamase. This compound was designed and synthesized as a molecule that would acylate the active site of the enzyme, but would resist deacylation by virtue of the fact that its C6α hydroxymethyl moiety was expected to occupy the space near the hydrolytic water molecule (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11055). The crystal structure of the acyl-enzyme species is closely similar to one of the two energy-minimized acyl-enzyme models generated in the course of the design aspect of the work. The crystal structure provides evidence for a number of mechanistic features for the inhibition process and the ultimate recovery of the activity. Our results reported herein are consistent with the side-chain carboxylate of Glu-166 being the active-site basic func...
Multifrequency simulation for acoustics

Abstract A frequency-stepping algorithm for solving multifrequency (acoustic) wave propagation is considered. A two-grid method is employed for the problems of single frequency. For high frequency applications, the coarse grid problem is still huge, since one has to choose at least six to eight grid points per wavelength for a stability reason. The coarse grid problem is solved by a nonoverlapping domain decomposition (DD) method. The solution of the former frequency problem is used as the initial guess for the solution of the next larger frequency problem. Such an algorithm turns out to be efficient for multifrequency, as well as single-frequency problems, as shown in numerical results. Also, it is easily parallelizable with a high efficiency.
A report of behavioral lateralization in an infant orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus)

The limb used to perform seven common activities was recorded during weekly observations of an infant orang-utan. For five of these behaviors, preferences were found that remained consistent in their direction, although there were week to week fluctuations in magnitude. Most notably, a right hand preference was found for nonfood reaching and a right hindlimb preference appeared for initiating locomotion. Although initially, food reaching was predominantly with the right hand, a shift toward preferential left hand use occurred during the final weeks of the study. Additionally, a left hand preference appeared when the infant touched either its body or head.
Promotion of n-butane isomerization by hydroxyl groups on sulfated zirconia

Abstract Microcalorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, and reaction kinetics measurements were used to investigate the role of hydroxyl groups on sulfated zirconia in promoting n-butane isomerization at 423 K. The catalytic activity for a sample dried at 773 K is an order of magnitude lower compared to a sample dried at 588 K. However, the catalytic activity for the sample dried at 773 K is promoted by dosing approximately 75 μmol/g of water onto the surface at 423 K. Larger doses of water poison the catalyst. Dehydration of the catalyst did not alter the heats of adsorption of n-butane, isobutane, or ammonia. Water dissociates upon adsorption on the sample dried at 773 K, producing new hydroxyl groups which increase the extinction coefficient for infrared absorbance of ammonium ions. It is proposed that these hydroxyl groups may aid n-butane isomerization by stabilizing species on the surface and/or by suppressing the irreversible reduction of surface sulfur species.
Agreement Processes in Sentence Comprehension

Three experiments examined the processing of subject‐verb agreement in sentence comprehension. Experiment 1 used a word-by-word self-paced moving window reading methodology, and participants read sentences such as The key to the {cabinet/cabinets} {was/were} rusty from many years of disuse. When the head noun (key), local noun (cabinet), and verb were all singular, reading times after the verb were faster than when either a plural local noun or plural verb was present. Experiment 2 used an eyetracking paradigm and revealed a pattern like that in Experiment 1, with a finer grain of resolution. Agreement computations influenced processing within one word after encountering the verb, and processing disruptions occurred in response to both agreement violations and locally distracting number-marked nouns, despite the fact that neither is a priori relevant for comprehension in English. Experiment 3 revealed an asymmetry in the pattern of disruptions that parallels error distributions in language production (e.g., Bock & Miller, 1991). The results suggest that agreement is an early, integral component of comprehension, mediated by processes similar to those of production. © 1999 Academic Press
Effect of trace additions Cd, In and Sn on the interfacial structure and kinetics of growth of θ′ plates in AlCu alloy

Abstract Trace additions are known to affect precipitation phenomena markedly, mainly, it is believed, through nucleation processes. Here, their effects on growth processes are investigated by electron microscopy. Direct evidence for the segregation and subsequent precipitation of Cd, In and Sn at the edges of θ′ plates is presented. Although the density of ledges, the agent for the thickening of θ′, is increased when impurity elements are present, mainly by precipitate impingement, the overlap of the diffusion fields of the ledges depreciates the effect of their increased density. Consequently, the thickening kinetics of the precipitates are not significantly different from those in pure AlCu alloy. The lengthening kinetics of the plates are not affected during the early stages of growth when segregation of the trace elements takes place and when the driving force for growth is large. At longer aging times the diameter of the plates decreases with time. This is associated with Ostwald ripening, when thickening proceeds at the expense of the plate diameter. The kinetic data support the idea that the critical diameter of the θ′ nuclei is reduced on addition of Cd, In and Sn, the critical thickness remaining unchanged.
Singlet CH domain containing human multidomain proteins: an inventory

The actin cytoskeleton presents the basic force in processes such as cytokinesis, endocytosis, vesicular trafficking and cell migration. Here, we list 30 human singlet CH (calpononin homology/actin binding) containing multidomain molecules, each encoded by one gene. We show the domain distributions as given by the SMART program. These mosaic proteins organize geographically the placement of selected proteins in proximity within the cell. In most instances, their precise location, their actin binding capacity by way of the singlet CH (or by other domains?) and their physiological functions need further elucidation. A dendrogram based solely on the relationship for the human singlet CH domains (in terms of AA sequences) for the various molecules that possess the domain, implies that the singlet descended from a common ancestor which in turn sprouted three main branches of protein products. Each branch bifurcated multiple times thus accounting for a cornucopia of products. Wherever, additional (unassigned), highly homologous regions exist in related proteins (e.g., in LIM and LMO7 or in Tangerin and EH/BP1), these unrecognized domain regions await assignment as specific functional domains. Frequently genes coding multidomain proteins duplicated. The varying modular nature within multidomain proteins should have accelerated evolutionary changes to a degree not feasible to achieve by means of mere post-duplication mutational changes.
The subaffective-character spectrum subtyping distinction in primary early-onset dysthymia : a clinical and family study

In 1983, Akiskal proposed that primary early-onset dysthymia should be divided into two subtypes: subaffective dysthymia, which is a subsyndromal form of major mood disorder; and character spectrum disorder, which is a form of personality disorder with secondary dysphoria. The present study attempted to validate this distinction. Akiskal's (1983) criteria were applied to a sample of 97 early-onset dysthymic outpatients, yielding groups of 41 subaffective and 56 character spectrum patients. Patients were evaluated using structured interviews for Axis I and II disorders, family history of psychopathology, and the early home environment, and a comprehensive battery of questionnaires. In addition, direct and family history interviews were conducted with their first-degree relatives. There was mixed support for Akiskal's typology. Consistent with the model, subaffectives exhibited higher rates of major depression, depressive symptoms, and a number of depressive personality and cognitive features. In addition, there was a higher rate of alcoholism among the relatives of character spectrum patients. However, contrary to Akiskal's model, the groups did not differ on gender, unstable personality disorders, family history of mood disorders, or the early home environment.
The Cycloaddition of Vinylaziridines with Unsaturated Substrates

Vinylaziridines undergo ring expansion reactions which in case of divinylaziridines lead to dihydroazepines. Addition of 2-phenyl-2-vinyl-aziridine 10a to dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate provides a facile method of in situ generation of a divinylaziridine and leads to isolation of an azepine derivative. Likewise we show that cycloaddition of 10a proceeds even with olefinic nitriles, sulfones and esters with formation of tetrahydroazepines. However, when the substrates are unsaturated nitro compounds or ketones, a novel rearrangement to open chain enamine derivatives takes place. Deuterium labelling in the β-nitrostyrene substrate and in the vinylaziridine provide evidence for a retro-ene reaction mechanism leading to the rearrangement. These data provide a framework for assessing the factors that guide the reactions either towards formation of seven-membered ring azepine derivatives or toward open-chain rearranged products.
Prophylactic treatment of severe factor X deficiency with prothrombin complex concentrate

Factor X (FX) deficiency is an autosomal recessive trait that occurs in fewer than 1 in 500 000 people. Not surprisingly, reports of prophylactic treatment for FX deficiency are exceedingly rare. We now report our experience of the use of prophylactic therapy in a FX-deficient patient. This 18-year-old African-American male presented at the age of 4(1/2) years with an FX level < 1%. Treatment was on demand with prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) given at two times the dose per kilogram of body weight for factor IX. He experienced frequent epistaxis, soft tissue bleeding and joint bleeding. The development of a target joint (right ankle) prompted the initiation of prophylactic treatment in the beginning of 1998 to the present with 30 units kg(-1) Profilnine twice per week via a home infusion programme. If breakthrough bleeding occurred, he was instructed to infuse another dose. He was instructed that Profilnine should not be infused in more than two doses in 24 h or on more than three consecutive days. A trough level drawn 48 h post-infusion showed an FX level of 30%. In the initial 12 months with prophylactic treatment, there was no breakthrough bleeding. Subsequently, with an additional 11 months of follow-up, he has reported one bleed. He rates his quality of life improved since starting prophylactic treatment. There have been no thrombotic events. Prophylaxis with PCC for FX deficiency with adequate education and follow-up can be performed capably in the home setting with a resultant decrease in the frequency of bleeding and attendant complications.
Developmental and biochemical differentiation of glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase isozymes in Mormoniella vitripennis (Hymenoptera:Pteromalidae)

Abstract The two major isozymes of glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase in adult Mormoniella vitripennis (Hymenoptera:Pteromalidae) differ in electrophoretic mobility, heat stability, pH optima, tissue distribution, K m and expression during development. The major adult isozyme is localized to the thorax, is heat stable, has a pH optimum of 5.9 and is not expressed until pupation. The minor adult isozyme is localized in the abdomen, is heat labile, has a pH optimum of 7.2 and is the predominant form expressed in larvae. The abdominal isozyme has lower K m values for dihydroxyacetone phosphate, NADH and α-glycerolphosphate than the thoracic isozyme. Both isozymes have similar K m values for NAD + . The molecular weight of each isozyme is about 60,000 as estimated by gel filtration. The differences between the properties of these isozymes are similar to the differences between the isozymes of glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase from Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera:Drosophilidae).
Assessment of left ventricular wall motion abnormalities with the use of color kinesis: A valuable visual and training aid

Abstract Accurate interpretation of left ventricular segmental wall motion by echocardiography is an important yet difficult skill to learn. Color-coded left ventricular wall motion (color kinesis) is a tool that potentially could aid in the interpretation and provide semiquantification. We studied the usefulness of color kinesis in 42 patients with a history of congestive cardiomyopathy who underwent two-dimensional echocardiograms and a color kinesis study. The expert's reading of the two-dimensional wall motion served as a reference for comparison of color kinesis studies interpreted by the expert and a cardiovascular trainee. Correlation between two-dimensional echocardiography and the expert's and trainee's color coded wall motion scores were r = 0.83 and r = 0.67, respectively. Reproducibility between reviewers and between operators was also assessed. Interobserver variability for color-coded wall motion showed a correlation of r = 0.78. Correlation between operators was also good: r = 0.84. Color kinesis is reliable and appears promising as an adjunct in the assessment of wall motion abnormalities by echocardiography. It is both a valuable visual aid, as well as a training aid for the cardiovascular trainee. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1997;10:665-72.)
Time-Delayed Apparent Excess Heat Generation in Electrolysis Fusion Experiments

In many recent electrolysis fusion experiments, excess heat, tritium, and neutron production have been reported as intermittent bursts. These burst phenomena are described in terms of a surface reaction mechanism involving hysteresis of deuterium solubility in palladium as a function of the metal temperature. Excess heat generation is shown to be attributable to a hitherto neglected time-delayed chemical process due to the solubility hysteresis of deuterium in palladium. Negative results of no apparent excess heat generation from light-water electrolysis experiments is attributed to the fact that the solubility hysteresis of hydrogen occurs at a higher temperature range than that for deuterium. Apparent excess heat generation is expected to be also observable in blank electrolysis experiments with light water at higher pressures.
Hominoid triosephosphate isomerase: Characterization of the major cell proliferation specific isozyme

Proliferating cells derived from hominoid species contain electrophoretically separable forms of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), including a constitutive isozyme and major and minor cell proliferation specific isozymes. Genetic studies have shown that the constitutive and inducible isozymes are products of the same structural gene. A procedure has been developed for the rapid isolation of the constitutive and major proliferation specific TPI isozymes from human lymphoblastoid B cells. [35S]methionine labeled isozymes were purified through several steps of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sufficient quantities for turnover studies and preliminary structural analysis. The intact isozymes were subjected to 23 steps of automated Edman degradation; both preparations yield a [35S] PTH-methionine only at cycle 14, as expected if the protein is TPI. Neither isozyme contains an blocked NH2-terminus and length heterogenity at the amino terminal does not exist. A comparison of the two purified isozymes on 2-D PAGE confirms that the constitutive isozyme consists of only type 1 subunits while the major proliferation specific isozyme is composed of a type 1 subunit and a unique type 2 subunit. The type 1 and type 2 subunits differ by at least four charge units under native, nondenaturing conditions of electrophoresis but do not differ in molecular mass. The difference between the type 1 and type 2 subunits is covalent, as the difference in isoelectric point between the two subunits is stable to both 2% SDS and 8 M urea. The expression of TPI-2 does not correlate with the existence of the labile asparagine residues. Turnover studies indicate that the level of each subunit is regulated by differences in rates of synthesis rather than degradation but a precursor-product relationship between the subunits was not observed. Thus the mechanism for synthesis of TPI-2 must operate either during mRNA processing or nascent peptide synthesis and then only in cells from hominoid species.
Normal function of neonatal polymorphonuclear leukocytes in antibody-dependent cellular-cytotoxicity to herpes simplex virus-infected cells

10. Pfueller SL0 and Luscher: Studies of the mechanism of the human platelet release reaction induced by immunologic stimuli. 1. Complement dependent and complement independent reactions, J Immunol 112-1201, 1974. Zucker MB, Grant RA: Aggregation and release reaction induced in human blood platelets by zymosan, J Immunol 112:1219, 1974. 11. Zimmerrnan TS, Kolk WP: Human platelet initiated formation and uptake of the C5-9 complex of human complement, J Clin Invest 57:203, 1976. 12. Martin SE, Breckenridge RT, Rosenfeld SI, and Leddy JP: Responses of human platelets to immunologic stimuli: independent roles for complement and IgG in zymosan activation, J Immunol 120:9, 1978.
APPLICATIONS OF A NEW RADIOTRACER METHOD FOR INVESTIGATING PRAWN (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) ECOLOGY AND DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY

Water stable, uniformly 14C radiolabeled, chemotactically-active bacteria-laden, artificial detritus was formulated by a rapid, simple method and used to follow the assimilation of bacterial macrommolecules into the foregut, midgut and tail tissue of aquarium-acclimated freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in time course experiments under conditions of starvation, heavy supplemental feeding and sudden crowding. Over a 24-hour time course with starved prawns, the proportion of the label assimilated into lipid in the midgut and tail tissue increased 12.3% and 8.0%, respectively, with decreased proportions of the label in carbohydrate in the midgut and protein in the tail tissue. Starved prawns incorporated similar proportions of the label in carbohydrate and protein of the midgut as did heavily fed prawns but shunted a larger proportion of the label into lipid. Protein was catabolized in order to synthesize lipid and appeared to be used as an energy source. Suddenly crowded prawns greatly elevated the amount of radioactivity proportioned into carbohydrates and lipids of the midgut at the expense of greatly lowered protein activities. The formulation prepared here, which appears chemotactically and visually active as artificial “fish feces,” may have wide applicability in many aquaculture pond ecology and nutrition studies.
Photoelectron Range Limitations to the Spatial Resolution for X-Rays in Gas Proportional Chambers

Measurements have been made, for x-ray energies from a few keV to 18 keV, of the limiting spatial resolution caused by the finite range of the photoelectron, or electrons, created when an x-ray is absorbed in the gas of a proportional chamber. In hydrocarbon gases such as methane and ethane, where the photoelectron receives the bulk of the x-ray energy, the limiting spatial resolution is found to vary as a power law of x-ray energy. In argon and xenon, at an x-ray energy approximately twice that of the AK edge and the XeL edge respectively, the measured limiting resolution is better than expected from an equivalent power law behavior.
Quality Assessment of Pasteurized Fluid Milk as Related to Lipopolysaccharide Content

Abstract A study was conducted to investigate any relationship between lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) concentration in milk and parameters associated with the keeping quality of milk. Parameters investigated were flavor intensity, standard plate count, coliform count, psychrotrophic count, and gram-negative count. Lipopolysaccharide content was determined using the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate assay. Pasteurized whole milk samples were obtained the day of processing in .94-L containers with samples analyzed on d 0 through 21. Significant linear relationships were detected between lipopolysaccharide concentration and days storage at 7°C, flavor intensity, and psychrotrophic count.
Rheological Relationships Between Surimi Sol and Gel as Affected by Ingredients

Rheological properties of surimi sol showed that consistency index (K) was surimi concentration-dependent, as it decreased with increased level of ingredients except for carrageenan which increased K value. The flow behavior index and textural properties appeared to be a function of type and level of ingredients. Unlike starch and synergistic carrageenan, egg albumin, oil and i-carrageenan did not show a composite reinforcing effect. K values measured by rotational cylindrical spindle viscometry more closely correlated with textural properties (r = 0.87 for compressive force; r = 0.87 for shear force) than did other viscometries studied.
Comparison of LES and RANS Simulations of Turbulent Convection in a Structured Porous Media

Numerical simulations are performed of the turbulent flow and thermal field in a structured porous media. The geometry of interest is an open lattice structure that is made up of mutually orthogonal, millimeter-scale, thermally conductive cylindrical elements. A large-eddy simulation (LES) is performed and the results are used as reference data to evaluate the performance of three commonly used Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models: the Spalart-Allmaras model (SAM), the k-ω model (KWM) and the shear stress transport k-ω model (KWM/SST). Mean velocities, turbulent kinetic energy profiles, and turbulent viscosity predictions are compared as well as friction factor, wall shear stress and Stanton number.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Interaction of the glycoalkaloid tomatine with DMPC and sterol monolayers studied by surface pressure measurements and Brewster angle microscopy.

The interaction of the glycoalkaloid tomatine with monolayers of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and cholesterol, as well as other selected sterols, has been investigated using surface pressure measurements at constant area and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). The interaction of tomatine with sterol monolayers is found to vary with the structure of the sterol. The interaction of tomatine with cholesterol-containing monolayers results in a surface pressure increase accompanied by the appearance of a mottled texture. Morphological changes are observed that suggest the formation of tomatine−cholesterol complexes that aggregate at the water−air interface. No morphology change observable by BAM is observed for monolayers containing epicholesterol, suggesting that the stereochemistry of hydrogen bonding between the sterol and the sugar units on tomatine is of particular significance. Strong interactions are observed with cholestanol- and coprostanol-containing monolayers, and BAM reveals formation of spik...
From the SPR news editor

This issue marks the inaugural of the SPR News section, which is joining The Oceanography Report, Water-Watch, The VGP News, and the Mineal Physics News as section reports. Like those reports, we will bring together news particularly of interest to the AGU solar-planetary relations (SPR) membership. Our first news item of that typed is a report from the outgoing SPR President, George Reid. A report from our incoming President, Bob Helliwell, will follow in the next issue, and one from our President-Elect, Chris Russell, in the issue following.
Ultraviolet observations of Mars made by the orbiting astronomical observatory

Ultraviolet albedos of Mars in the region from 2000 to 3600 A are discussed. When the reflectivity due to the known amount of CO2 on Mars is accounted for, the remaining reflectivity may be used to set an upper limit for the surface albedo. The result disagrees qualitatively with published ultraviolet reflectivities of limonite and carbon suboxide. An alternate interpretation of the observations leads to the conclusion that CO2 comprises at least 60% of the molecular atmosphere of Mars, assuming the remainder to be argon. A comparison of the OAO results with 1969 Mariner ultraviolet data reveals some important areas of conflict. Attempts to detect Mars at wavelengths less than 2000 A were unsuccessful, with only very high upper limits being set.
HEMORRHAGE NEAR FETAL RAT BONE EXPOSED TO PULSED ULTRASOUND

Ultrasound-induced hemorrhage near the fetal rat skull was investigated to determine if the damage could be correlated with temporal-average intensity. A 0.92-MHz f/1 spherically focused transducer (5.1-cm focal length) was used to expose the skull of 18- to 19-day gestation exteriorized Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses (n = 197). There were four ultrasound-exposed groups (n = 36 each), one sham exposed group (n = 36) and one cage control group (n = 17). Three of the ultrasound-exposed groups had the same peak compressional (10 MPa)/peak rarefactional (6.7 MPa) pressure but different spatial-peak temporal-average intensities (I(TA)) of 1.9, 4.7 and 9.4 W/cm(2); the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) was varied (100, 250 and 500 Hz, respectively). The fourth ultrasound-exposed group had a peak compressional (6.7 MPa)/peak rarefactional (5.0 MPa) pressure and corresponding I(TA) of 4.6 W/cm(2); PRF was 500 Hz. Hemorrhage occurrence increased slightly with increasing I(TA), as well as peak rarefactional pressure and PRF, but the hemorrhage area did not correlate with any of the exposure parameters.
Development of dynamic modulus and cell opening of dough during baking

The dynamic shear modulus (elastic and viscous modulus) development of dough during baking was studied. Flooded parallel plate geometry was used to monitor the rheological changes of commercially available canned doughs (bread dough, bun dough and biscuit dough). The normal force exerted on the upper plate by the expanding dough was measured to study the cell-opening event. The dough-baking process was simulated in a rheometer oven. The morphology of baked dough was studied using a scanning electron microscope to elucidate the effect of ingredients and process parameters on the properties of the final baked product. Three stages of modulus development were observed during the baking process: bubble growth and packing, rapid expansion/starch gelatinization and final curing. The cell opening coincided with the sudden rise in modulus caused by starch gelatinization. The rate at which starch gelatinization takes place controls the temperature of the cell opening. The type and concentration of various ingredients have a greater effect on the modulus and on the cell opening than the heating rates. Frequency dependence was observed during baking, but the effect on modulus development diminished at higher frequencies.
Myelin protein expression in lymphoid tissues: implications for peripheral tolerance

During chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), T lymphocytes specific for myelin protein epitopes are stimulated in vivo. When epitopes are unique from the disease-initiating myelin protein epitope, this phenomenon has been termed "epitope spreading". These T-lymphocyte responses have been detected primarily in lymph node and spleen during the relapsing phase of disease. If myelin proteins are sequestered behind the blood brain barrier, a fundamental question arises: where does the in vivo stimulation of T lymphocytes occur during relapsing EAE? While it has been thought that epitope spreading may occur within the central nervous system (CNS), here we present data supporting a novel hypothesis. Epitope spreading during EAE may not occur within the CNS, but rather within lymphoid tissues. Both myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) are expressed at the RNA and protein level in lymph node, thymus and spleen of SJL mice with relapsing EAE. This myelin protein expression occurs within T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and macrophages. Further, T-lymphocyte lines from SJL mice specific for the immunodominant and subdominant epitopes of MBP and PLP can recognize endogenous protein within cells derived from lymphoid tissues. Thus, immunologically relevant myelin proteins are endogenously produced and presented within lymphoid tissues. The hypothesis that epitope spreading occurs within lymphoid tissues would explain how myelin protein-specific T lymphocytes become activated outside the CNS to allow their passage through the blood brain barrier to form new CNS lesions during relapses.