cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and Recruitment for a Randomized Controlled Trial of Problem-Solving Therapy to Prevent Depression among Older Adults with Need for Supportive Services

Objective Addressing subthreshold depression (indicated prevention) and vulnerabilities that increase the risk of major depression or anxiety disorders (selective prevention) is important for protecting mental health in old age. The Depression-Agency Based Collaborative (Dep-ABC) is a prevention trial involving older adults recruited from aging services sites (home care agencies, senior housing, senior centers) who meet criteria for subthreshold depression and disability. Therefore, the authors examine the effectiveness of partnerships with aging services sites for recruiting at-risk older adults, the quality of recruitment and acceptability of the Dep-ABC assessment and intervention, and the baseline status of participants. Methods Dep-ABC is a single-blind randomized controlled prevention trial set in aging services settings but with centralized screening, randomization, in-home assessments, and follow-up. Its intervention arm involves six to eight sessions of problem-solving therapy, in which older adults aged 60+ learn to break down problems that affect well-being and develop strategies to address them. We examined participation rates to assess quality of recruitment across sites and level of disability according to service use. Results Dep-ABC randomized 104 participants, 68.4% of eligible older adults. Screening using self-reported disability successfully netted a sample in which 74% received home care agency services, with remaining participants similarly impaired in structured self-reports of impairment and on observed performance tests. Conclusion Direct outreach to aging services providers is an effective way to identify older adults with service needs at high risk of major depression. Problem-solving therapy is acceptable to this population and can be added to current services.
Occupation Failures and the Legality of Armed Conflict: The Case of Iraqi Cultural Property

U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld dismissed the looting of the Iraqi National Museum in April 2003 by remarking, "stuff happens." In doing so, he gave an early indication that in planning to invade Iraq, the Bush Administration failed to take seriously the legal obligations of an occupying power. Occupying powers have a variety of binding legal obligations, including obligations to stop looting, protect cultural property, and protect persons in detention. Yet, the Administration sent a wholly inadequate force to fulfill those obligations, and, more seriously, the force received no direct and imperative orders to do so. As a result, in addition to the questionable basis for initiating war the war in the first place, the Administration conducted it in a way that amounts to an independent ground for concluding the decision to invade Iraq on March 19, 2003, violated international law. This article focuses on the Administration's failure to protect Iraqi cultural property as one clear example of the Administration's disregard for its obligations. The article discusses cultural property and the long, continuous development of legal principles, through treaties and rules of customary international law for the protection of cultural property in wartime-developments in which the United States has played a leading role. On the eve of the Iraq invasion, no US leader could have been in doubt about the legal requirements to stop looting and protect cultural property. Yet, we find little evidence of any preparation to do so. The article analyzes the literature on Iraqi war planning to understand why this lapse occurred. It further analyzes the consequences of this failures, including: the possibility that individuals will be held accountable; the high cost to the US associated with the war, and Iraq's right to claim reparations, including in-kind reparations from U.S. holdings of Iraqi cultural property.
Analysis of means used to compare providers' referral patterns.

Objectives The objective of this study was to demonstrate through a case study how an analysis of means (ANOM) chart can be used to compare groups and to advocate the usefulness of this method in improvement work. Methods The ANOM technique was used to compare referral rates among providers at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center's Spine Center. The purpose was to see whether there were any differences across providers in referral rates to Behavioral Medicine services for patients who scored low on their mental health score and whether referral rates were any different among the patient characteristics. ANOM charts were also used to determine whether patient characteristics were different among the providers. Results Six of the 17 providers had significantly different referral rates compared to the overall referral rate of 38%. Seven patients' characteristics had a significantly different referral rate compared to the system's rate. The additional ANOM charts used to compare providers relative to specific patient characteristics demonstrated several special causes and revealed characteristic referral patterns for some of the providers analyzed. Conclusion The ANOM chart may be underutilized in health care improvement work. The ANOM procedure of analyzing patient characteristics to determine differences among providers could be explored in other patient populations and settings.
Delayed Rectal Sensation With Fecal Incontinence: Successful Treatment Using Anorectal Manometry

Retraining of the external sphincter response to rectal distention and improving the sensory threshold to balloon distention is documented as effective treatment for fecal incontinence in selected patients. Using anorectal manometric techniques, delayed conscious rectal sensation was demonstrated in 28% of 46 consecutive patients referred for fecal incontinence. In patients with delayed recognition of balloon distention, conscious rectal sensation seemed to correlate with a consistent level of internal sphincter relaxation rather than the primary stimulus of balloon distention 'of the rectum. Anorectal retraining techniques resulted in (a) correction of sensory delay of 2–22 s, (b) elimination of fecal incontinence, and (c) improved sensory threshold in 10 of 13 patients. This previously unreported sensory abnormality represents a treatable manometric abnormality identified by anorectal motility in patients with fecal incontinence.
Monitoring and analysis on the adverse events following immunization after supplementary immunization activity of measles vaccine in Shijiazhuang City in 2010

[Objective]To analyze the incidence of adverse events following immunization(AEFI) after supplementary immunization activity(SIA) of measles vaccine(MV) in Shijiazhuang City,and to discuss the safety of SIA.[Methods]The descriptive analysis method was adopted for monitoring data analysis.[Results] A total of 181cases of AEFI were reported in MV SIA in Shijiazhuang City in 2010.The incidence rate was 12.02/100 000 doses,including 161 cases of common reactions,16 of abnormal reactions,4 of coincidental illness.Most of the cases were cured.[Conclusion]The sensitivity of AEFI monitoring system is high,MV is safe,and no serious AEFI appeared.
Kinetic Monte Carlo investigation of tetragonal strain on Onsager matrices

We use three different methods to compute the derivatives of Onsager matrices with respect to strain for vacancy-mediated multicomponent diffusion from kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We consider a finite difference method, a correlated finite difference method to reduce the relative statistical errors, and a perturbation theory approach to compute the derivatives. We investigate the statistical error behavior of the three methods for uncorrelated single vacancy diffusion in fcc Ni and for correlated vacancy-mediated diffusion of Si in Ni. While perturbation theory performs best for uncorrelated systems, the correlated finite difference method performs best for the vacancy-mediated Si diffusion in Ni, where longer trajectories are required.
26-Year-Old Man With Nausea, Delirium, and Fever

Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Rochester, MN (H.L.T.); Advisor to resident and Consultant in Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (L.M.B.). A 26-year-old-man who had been living in Indonesia until 4 months previously presented to our hospital for evaluation of fever, agitation, and altered mental status. He had been seen previously at another facility for vague abdominal pain, nausea, and fever. He had become subacutely agitated and was transferred to our institution because of altered mental status and vomiting. On admission, he was febrile (temperature, 39.3 C) and tachycardic (heart rate, 118 beats/ min); his blood pressure was 134/96 mm Hg, and his oxygen saturation was 100% while breathing room air. Physical examination findings were notable for intermittent altered mental status with restlessness, agitation, inattention, and pain with neck flexion and posterior neck palpation. Findings on work-up at the outside facility included a sodium level of 118 mmol/L and no abnormalities detected on head computed tomography (CT) and chest radiography. His pupils were mildly constricted but responded to light. Admission laboratory studies yielded a normal white blood cell count of 10.1 10/L and an improved sodium concentration of 133 mmol/L.
Endoprostheses in the treatment of femoral neck fractures.

Summary Primary treatment of an acute femoral neck fracture should be by a method that gives the lowest morbidity and mortality yet produces a good result in the majority of cases. This method would seem to be closed stable reduction and, if it fails, eventually open reduction followed by adequate internal fixation. Certain types of fractures are exceptions in which primary femoral head replacement seems to be the treatment of choice. Other indications for femoral head replacement are the complications of femoral neck fractures, that is, avascular necrosis with late segmental collapse and nonunion when significantly symptomatic. The use of scintimetry in the early recognition and evaluation of these complications certainly will play an increasing role as more experience is gained with its use. When deciding upon a femoral head replacement, the surgeon must always keep in mind the multiple associated complications that can occur at the time of surgery or later in the postoperative period. Deep infection is one of the most serious. If recognized early, it may be controlled by adequate antibiotic and surgical treatment, avoiding femoral head replacement. Nevertheless the long term results tend to be poorer than in uninfected cases. Irreparable damage is done to soft tissues and bone by delay or failure to recognize and fully diagnose the infection and resulting postponement of proper corrective treatment. Many such cases, however, may be salvaged later by adequate antibiotic therapy and further surgical revision, including the use of cemented total hip replacement in selected cases. As a general rule, the more elaborate the reconstructive procedure selected, the better the functional result will be but the greater the risk of recurrence or continuation of the infection. The efficacy of cementing the femoral head prosthesis with methyl-methacrylate is under current study. A smooth stemmed prosthesis should be used and placed in an acetabulum that has normal articular cartilage. Loosening and migration of the femoral stem are significantly reduced by cementing, although an increase in the erosion of the acetabular cartilage seems to occur. Total hip replacement in acute femoral neck fractures should be limited to cases in which the acetabulum is diseased or in which there is cartilage damage. The best long term results in the treatment of acute femoral neck fractures seem still to lie in the method that yields healing of the fracture with the patient's own viable femoral head.
Correlating Structure and Function in Organic Electronics: From Single Molecule Transport to Singlet Fission

Advances in organic chemistry have enabled the synthesis of almost any molecule imaginable for high performance organic electronics. In this field of many possibilities, the question becomes not “what can we make” but “how do we guide the design of materials that can be made?” In this review, we address how single molecule conductance measurements can inform the rational design of organic electronics. We also survey recent developments in singlet fission and highlight areas where work can be done to make this process efficient and applicable.
EEG Source Imaging Guided by Spatiotemporal Specific fMRI: Toward an Understanding of Dynamic Cognitive Processes

Understanding the mechanism of neuroplasticity is the first step in treating neuromuscular system impairments with cognitive rehabilitation approaches. To characterize the dynamics of the neural networks and the underlying neuroplasticity of the central motor system, neuroimaging tools with high spatial and temporal accuracy are desirable. EEG and fMRI stand among the most popular noninvasive neuroimaging modalities with complementary features, yet achieving both high spatial and temporal accuracy remains a challenge. A novel multimodal EEG/fMRI integration method was developed in this study to achieve high spatiotemporal accuracy by employing the most probable fMRI spatial subsets to guide EEG source localization in a time-variant fashion. In comparison with the traditional fMRI constrained EEG source imaging method in a visual/motor activation task study, the proposed method demonstrated superior localization accuracy with lower variation and identified neural activity patterns that agreed well with previous studies. This spatiotemporal fMRI constrained source imaging method was then implemented in a “sequential multievent-related potential” paradigm where motor activation is evoked by emotion-related visual stimuli. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can be used as a powerful neuroimaging tool to unveil the dynamics and neural networks associated with the central motor system, providing insights into neuroplasticity modulation mechanism.
Understanding rancher coexistence with jaguars and pumas: a typology for conservation practice

Ranchers living near large carnivores can adopt diverse practices to prevent livestock damage. Effective management interventions to help reduce damage must address the varied needs of ranchers by segmenting audiences for more targeted programs. We developed a typology that conceptualized six types of ranchers based on the theory of planned behavior. We posited that rancher types were driven by: attitudes; social norms; perceived control; emotional disposition; risk perception; and contextual factors. To test the typology throughout Costa Rica, we conducted a structured survey of a random sample of 93 ranchers affected by jaguar and puma predation and paired them with a sample of 69 unaffected neighbors. Cluster analyses of survey results provided empirical support for a typology of four types of ranchers, two of which were predicted by the theory of planned behavior: preventive ranchers who take control to prevent felid damage; and helpless ranchers who lack control. We also identified a risk-neutral type who takes no action as they do not perceive the cats as a threat; and a cat-troubled type influenced mainly by negative emotions toward big cats. This last type supports the need to include emotional factors in theoretical frameworks when dealing with human-wildlife conflict. The typology is useful for designing improved policy and management interventions to reduce wildlife conflicts.
LV UNLOADING USING IMPELLA CP IMPROVES LA PRESSURE, FUNCTION, AND STIFFNESS IN ISCHEMIC PIG MODEL

Background: The impact of pLVAD on LA function and stiffness in HF remains unclear. Hypothesis: Unloading the LV with an Impella CP improves trans-mitral pressure gradient, leading to a reduction of LA pressure and improved LA function and stiffness. Methods: HF is induced by percutaneously
Resource allocation for IoT applications in cloud environments

In an IoT cloud, the message broker service offered to customers allows customer's devices and applications to connect and interact with cloud applications and other devices. The service is governed by Service Level Agreements (SLA) that specify, among other requirements, the volume of messages served during an enforcement period. For simplicity, SLAs do not take into account detailed information about message arrival patterns or service times, making enforcement of the SLA a challenging problem for the providers. In this paper, we propose a resource allocation mechanism (that uses buffering, scheduling and rate limiting) to meet the SLA. We verify that the solution achieves conformance, analyze the tradeoffs of the solution and evaluate via simulation the effects of system parameters such as capacity and enforcement period.
Adaptive signal detection in subspace interference with partial prior knowledge

We consider the problem of weak signal detection in strong disturbance with a subspace structure. Unlike conventional subspace detection techniques relying on the availability of a large amount of training data, we consider a knowledge-aided (KA) subspace detection approach for training limited scenarios by incorporating partial prior knowledge of the subspace. A unique feature of the proposed approach is that it can identify the missing subspace bases and recover the full subspace structure by using only the test signal, thus bypassing the need for training data. The proposed approach utilizes a Bayesian hierarchical model for knowledge representation. The model is integrated within a sparse Bayesian framework, which promotes parsimonious subspace representation of the observed data. A variational Bayesian inference algorithm is developed based on the proposed model to recover parameters and subspace structures associated with the disturbance, which are then brought into a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) to perform signal detection. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed subspace detector in comparison with several notable existing methods.
Asymptotics of laurent polynomials of odd degree orthogonal with respect to varying exponential weights

Let $\Lambda^{{\Bbb R}}$ denote the linear space over ${\Bbb R}$ spanned by $z^{k}, k \in {\Bbb Z}$ . Define the (real) inner product $\langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle_{{\cal L}} : \Lambda^{{\Bbb R}} \times \Lambda^{{\Bbb R}} \to {\Bbb R}, (f,g) \mapsto \int_{{\Bbb R}}f(s)g(s) \exp (-{\cal N} V(s)) \, {\rm d} s, {\cal N} \in {\Bbb N}$ , where V satisfies: (i) V is real analytic on ${\Bbb R} \backslash \{0\}$ ; (ii) $\lim_{\vert x \vert \to \infty}(V(x)/{\rm ln} (x^{2} + 1)) = +\infty$ ; and (iii) $\lim_{\vert x \vert \to 0}(V(x)/{\rm ln} (x^{-2} + 1)) = +\infty$ . Orthogonalisation of the (ordered) base $\lbrace 1,z^{-1},z,z^{-2},z^{2},\ldots,z^{-k},z^{k},\ldots \rbrace$ with respect to $\langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle_{{\cal L}}$ yields the even degree and odd degree orthonormal Laurent polynomials $\lbrace \phi_{m}(z) \rbrace_{m=0}^{\infty}: \phi_{2n}(z) = \xi^{(2n)}_{-n}z^{-n} + \cdots + \xi^{(2n)}_{n}z^{n}, \xi^{(2n)}_{n} > 0$ , and $\phi_{2n+1}(z) = \xi^{(2n+1)}_{-n-1}z^{-n-1} + \cdots + \xi^{(2n+1)}_{n}z^{n}, \xi^{(2n+1)}_{-n-1} > 0$ . Define the even degree and odd degree monic orthogonal Laurent polynomials: $\pi_{2n}(z) := (\xi^{(2n)}_{n})^{-1} \phi_{2n}(z)$ and $\pi_{2n+1}(z) := (\xi^{(2n+1)}_{-n-1})^{-1} \phi_{2n+1}(z)$ . Asymptotics in the double-scaling limit ${\cal N},n \to \infty$ such that ${\cal N}/n = 1 + o(1)$ of $\pi_{2n+1}(z)$ (in the entire complex plane), $\xi^{(2n+1)}_{-n-1}$ , and $\phi_{2n+1}(z)$ (in the entire complex plane) are obtained by formulating the odd degree monic orthogonal Laurent polynomial problem as a matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem on ${\Bbb R}$ , and then extracting the large-n behaviour by applying the non-linear steepest-descent method introduced in [1] and further developed in [2],[3].
Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure During an After-School Running Club: Laps Versus Game Play.

BACKGROUND After-school programs (ASPs) have the potential to contribute to student physical activity (PA), but there is limited empirical evidence to guide program development and implementation. METHODS We used pedometry to assess the overall effectiveness of an elementary school ASP running program relative to national and state PA recommendations and to compare 2 different formats (laps vs games) on PA and energy expenditure. RESULTS Both running laps and running games contributed substantially to PA accrual and energy expenditure (overall 24.2 minutes of PA and 52.6 kcal during sessions averaging 37 minutes), but the formats provided different outcomes relative to PA intensity and energy expenditure. Overall PA% was higher on lap days, but MVPA% (moderate-to-vigorous PA) was higher on game days. Only game days met the stipulation that ASPs provide activities at an intensity in which MVPA% of PA ≥ 50%. CONCLUSIONS Both running laps and running games in an ASP can contribute to PA accrual. ASP providers should weigh the demands and outcomes of program activities, and especially consider the quality of activities, students' feelings about them, and the implementation demands on instructors.
Minimum Sample Size Single Sampling Plans: A Computerized Approach

A computer program is presented which provides minimum sample size single sampling plans that meet prescribed protection levels for both producer and consumer. The program provides sampling plans b...
Vitamin C in Stem Cell Reprogramming and Cancer

Vitamin C is an essential dietary requirement for humans. In addition to its known role as an antioxidant, vitamin C is a cofactor for Fe2+- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (Fe2+/α-KGDDs) which comprise a large number of diverse enzymes, including collagen prolyl hydroxylases and epigenetic regulators of histone and DNA methylation. Vitamin C can modulate embryonic stem cell (ESC) function, enhance reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and hinder the aberrant self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through its ability to enhance the activity of either Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing histone demethylases or ten-eleven translocation (TET) DNA hydroxylases. Given that epigenetic dysregulation is a known driver of malignancy, vitamin C may play a novel role as an epigenetic anticancer agent.
Academic Connections of the 20th Century U.S. Chemical Engineers: Influence of the 18th and 19th Century Swedish, French and German Chemists

The preparation of academic genealogical charts has been a natural way to crown the retirement celebrations for a distinguished scientist, especially a university professor. It appeared for the first time in Germany during the second half of the 19th century. The academic genealogical tree of Justus von Liebig (1803–1873), the famous German chemist who was professor at the University of Giessen from 1824 to 1852 and then at the University of Munich from 1852 to 1873, is probably the most well-known one, and can be admired at the Liebig Museum in Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany.
Transmutation of Actinides Using Z-Pinch Fusion

Sandia National Laboratories has initiated a scoping level design of a sub-critical transmutation reactor driven by Z-Pinch fusion. The baseline design is able to burn up 1,280 kg of actinides per year while at the same time producing 3,000 MW th . The fusion driver required for this application is 20 MW, or a 200 MJ target fired once every 10 seconds. This paper discusses how a fusion actinide burner can fit into the nuclear fuel cycle.
The Most Important Asset: Valuing Human Capital

The principles of sound human resource management are generally understood, but too often practitioners believe the same policies and programs will work in all contexts. The effectiveness of any system is highly dependent on the context within which it must function. And due to globalization and increased workforce diversity, the contexts across and even within organizations have become more varied. The Most Important Asset is a story about new graduates entering the human resources field, encountering and dealing with workforce management challenges and issues and developing their own professional competence through experience. Principles are presented and alternative solutions to problems are explored, providing the reader with a roadmap for analyzing situations and making decisions as to how to act. Placing the characters in different types of organizations provides insights into how different contexts call for different strategies. Alternative strategies for staffing an organization, developing its people, defining, measuring and rewarding performance are used to illustrate how what is done should be compatible with the mission, culture, organizational strategy, and internal and external realities.
Extractive metallurgy of vanadium-containing titaniferous magnetite ores: a review

Many technologies exist for the treatment of titaniferous magnetites that contain vanadium. Each process is designed based on the relative amounts of titanium, vanadium and iron. In some cases, steelmaking is the primary purpose followed by the secondary recovery of vanadium. In others, the vanadium is the main product. This paper presents a review of these technologies
Ultimate bounds on reaction selectivity for batch reactors

Abstract Targets and benchmarks are useful in chemical process design as they provide an objective, quantitative assessment of a proposed process flowsheet. In addition, with target bounds on reaction selectivity one can also explore the sustainability limits for a chemistry of interest. Unfortunately, targets for reaction selectivity are difficult to obtain using conventional design methods. In 2001, Feinberg and Ellison developed the Continuous Flow Stirred Tank Reactor (CFSTR) Equivalence Principle, providing a methodology to obtain ultimate bounds on steady-state productivity for a chemistry of interest entirely independent of process design. In previous articles, we showed how the CFSTR Equivalence Principle can be used to obtain bounds on reaction selectivity independent of process design for steady-state processes. In this article we prove that the CFSTR Equivalence Principle is also applicable to batch and semi-batch processes, thus providing a unifying framework to obtain an ultimate target for reaction selectivity applicable to all candidate processes for a chemistry of interest. This limit also applies to systems with periodic and chaotic operations. We demonstrate the method with an example for the production of lactic acid through the alkaline conversion of fructose.
Housing market resilience: Neighbourhood and metropolitan factors explaining resilience before and after the US housing crisis:

The advent of the millennium witnessed unparalleled volatility in the housing market, a cycle of bust and recovery to which some US neighbourhoods were resilient and others not. Most planning schol...
Interdelivery Interval and Diabetes Mellitus in a Subsequent Pregnancy

Objective We determined whether time between deliveries is associated with developing diabetes at the time of a subsequent delivery. Study Design This is a case–control study of women who had two consecutive singleton births at the same institution with no pregestational diabetes in the baseline pregnancy. Cases were defined as women who were diagnosed with any type of diabetes at the time of the subsequent delivery. Controls were defined as women who had no diagnosis of diabetes at the time of the subsequent delivery. Interdelivery interval (IDI) was categorized as 60 months. Results Of 12,263 women, 4.1% (N = 501) were diagnosed with diabetes at the subsequent delivery. Women with diabetes were more likely to have an IDI of >60 months than women without diabetes (9.0 vs. 4.2%, p 60 months remained associated with development of pregestational or gestational diabetes by the conclusion of the subsequent pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 2.13 compared with an IDI of 18–60 months, 95% confidence interval 1.44–3.15). Conclusion A longer IDI is an independent risk factor for the development of diabetes at the time of a subsequent delivery.
BODIPY-functionalized 1,10-phenanthroline as a long wavelength sensitizer for near-infrared emission of the ytterbium(III) ion

Two BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) moieties were chemically appended to the 4,7-positions of 1,10-phenanhtroline resulting in two new ligands (BODIPY-Phen and 4I-BODIPY-Phen) with strong absorption at 507 nm and 540 nm, respectively. BODIPY-Phen emits fluorescence strongly centered at 507 nm, whereas the fluorescence of 4I-BODIPY-Phen was completely quenched due to the introduction of four I atoms at its 2,6 positions. The two ligands reacted readily with tris(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionate) ytterbium(III) dihydrate through substitution reactions forming eight-coordinate complexes that emit strongly at 976 nm upon excitation at their absorption maximal positions. Both complexes exhibited a lifetime of ∼11 μs in dichloromethane at room temperature.
1958 Niche partitioning by warbler birds

Abstract MacArthur (1958) undertook a detailed study of the ecology of sympatric species of warbler birds. What made this research stand out is MacArthur's ability to organize his observations around theories of competition and competitive exclusion.
A Pornography Literacy Program for Adolescents.

In 2016, in response to concern about the impact of pornography on adolescents, the Boston Public Health Commission partnered with a university researcher to develop a nine-session media literacy c...
Validity of self-reported and objectively measured sedentary behavior in pregnancy.

Sedentary behavior (SED) is a potential risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes. We evaluated the validity of several common and one new method to assess SED across three trimesters of pregnancy. This cohort study of pregnant women measured objective and self-reported SED each trimester via thigh-worn activPAL3 micro (criterion), waist-worn Actigraph GT3X, and self-report from the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) and the de novo Sedentary Behavior Two Domain Questionnaire (SB2D). SED (hours per day) and percent time in SED (SED%) from activPAL were compared to GT3X, SB2D, and PPAQ using Pearson’s r, ICC, Bland-Altman analysis, and comparison of criterion SED and SED% across tertiles of alternative methods. Fifty-eight women (mean age 31.5 ± 4.8 years; pre-pregnancy BMI 25.1 ± 5.6 kg/m2; 76% white) provided three trimesters of valid activPAL data. Compared to activPAL, GT3X had agreement ranging from r = 0.54–0.66 and ICC = 0.52–0.65. Bland-Altman plots revealed small mean differences and unpatterned errors, but wide limits of agreement (greater than ±2 h and ± 15%). The SB2D and PPAQ had r < 0.5 and ICC < 0.3 vs. activPAL SED, with lower agreement during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, and performed poorly in Bland-Altman analyses. SED% from the modified SB2D performed best of the self-reported instruments with modest mean differences, r ranging from 0.55 to 0.60, and ICCs from 0.31–0.33; though, limits of agreement were greater than ±35%. Significant trends in activPAL SED were observed across increasing tertiles of SB2D SED in the 1st and 3rd trimesters (both p ≤ 0.001), but not the 2nd trimester (p = 0.425); and for PPAQ SED in the 1st and 2nd trimesters (both p < 0.05), but not the 3rd trimester (p = 0.158). AcitvPAL SED and SED% increased significantly across tertiles of GT3X SED and SED% as well as SB2D SED% (all p-for-trend ≤ 0.001). Compared to activPAL, waist-worn GT3X produced moderate agreement, though similar mean estimates of SED across pregnancy. Self-report questionnaires had large absolute error and wide limits of agreement for SED hr./day; SB2D measurement of SED% was the best self-report method. These data suggest activPAL be used to measure SED when possible, followed by GT3X, and – when necessary – SB2D assessing SED% in pregnancy. www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT03084302 on 3/20/2017.
Psychographic Profiling of Adult Tobacco Users and Implications for Mediated Message Tailoring.

Purpose:To investigate variations of psychographic profiles in adult tobacco users to inform message tailoring.Design:A cross-sectional design used data from the Simmons 2015 National Consumer Stud...
The Kazakh Model? Dynamics of Regime Succession in Eurasia

Following the retirement of Nursultan Nazarbayev in March 2019 and the development of dual rule in Kazakhstan, some analysts speculated that this succession arrangement may become a model for other regimes, including Russia. This chapter examines the differing dynamics of succession across post-Soviet Eurasia and outcomes these have produced. Based on a comparative analysis of these successions, I argue that three conditions dictate a smooth transition of power. First, a clearly designated new leader at the moment when the death or resignation of the incumbent is officially announced. Such an individual can be picked by the incumbent, or by the selectorate, key decision-making elites, after their death. Second, there needs to be a lack of viable opponents to the new ruler from within the elite and from the public. Third, there needs to be a narrow circle of elite powerbrokers with a common interest in maintaining stability and the current system of patronage.
Subretinal leakage of a retinal capillary macroaneurysm - a case report.

Report a rare case of retinal capillary macroaneurysm with associated subretinal fluid. A 71-year-old male underwent full ophthalmic examination including Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Fluorescein Angiography (FA). Fundus examination showed moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy of both eyes with scattered microaneurysms. On initial visit, FA displayed a hyperfluorescent lesion with leakage on late frames in the left eye. OCT revealed the lesion to be spheroid with a hyperreflective wall and hyporeflective lumen in the inner retina, corresponding to a capillary macroaneurysm. Intraretinal cystic fluid surrounded the lesion. On subsequent visit 7 months later, subretinal fluid in the location of the capillary macroaneurysm was noted on OCT. Vision was maintained at 20/30–2 OD, 20/40 OS throughout. No treatment was necessary. Subretinal fluid from the capillary macroaneurysm likely developed from its juxtafoveal location and discontinuity of the external limiting membrane (ELM); a barrier preventing flow of intraretinal fluid to the outer retina.
The Annual Development Plan

The annual development planning process is an opportunity for academic leaders to infuse their overall vision and priorities into the development program and to collaborate with the development team to create a guide and resource. There are a range of approaches and structures for a development plan and circumstances and structures vary by institution. This chapter hones in on a concise list of core components for all academic development plans. It focuses on major gift fundraising and integrates planning around priority donors, while also drawing attention to the need to regularly return to the plan to assess, celebrate successes, and adapt activities as needed.
The role of the neocortex and the limbic system in social interaction

The preceding chapters have dealt with the psychologic aspects of the chain of events leading from the social stimulus past the defenses of social assets to the arousal of the autonomic nervous system and endocrines (see Fig. 1–3). In light of newly discovered principles of the organization of the brain that give insight into the mechanisms of response to stress, this chapter discusses aspects of the neural basis of behavior of importance in controlling neuroendocrine responses to social stimuli.
Hypothesis Testing and Variable Selection

In Sects. 2.9 and 3.10, we briefly described the frequentist and Bayesian machinery for carrying out hypothesis testing. In this chapter we extend this discussion, with an emphasis on critiquing the various approaches and on hypothesis testing in a regression setting. We examine both single and multiple hypothesis testing situations; Sects. 4.2 and 4.3 consider the frequentist and Bayesian approaches, respectively. Section 4.4 describes the well-known Jeffreys–Lindley paradox that highlights the starkly different conclusions that can occur when frequentist and Bayesian hypothesis testing is carried out. This is in contrast to estimation, in which conclusions are often in agreement. In Sects. 4.5–4.7, various aspects of multiple testing are considered. The discussion includes situations in which the number of tests is known a priori and variable selection procedures in which the number of tests is driven by the data. Section 4.9 provides a discussion of the impact on inference that the careless use of variable selection can have. Section 4.10 describes a pragmatic approach to variable selection. Concluding remarks appear in Section 4.11.
Neutron radiography with 252-Cf in forensic science.

Nuclear methods have been developed and applied in most scientific fields in recent years, including the forensic sciences. One of the newest nuclear techniques is neutron radiography. Although the first radiograph with neutrons was made in 1935, only since the availability of large neutron sources has the experimental technique been developed into an acceptable nondestructive testing method. With the introduction of reactors, neutron radiography made rapid advances. Research with neutron sources such as Pu-Be, Sb-Be, and neutron generators has also aided its development. However, until 252Cf was made available all useful neutron sources were stationary and costly.
Providing ABO-identical platelets and cryoprecipitate to (almost) all patients: approach, logistics, and associated decreases in transfusion reaction and red blood cell alloimmunization incidence.

Background There are multiple benefits to transfusing only ABO identical blood components. Historically our institution routinely transfused ABO non-identical platelets (PLTs) and cryoprecipitate to surgical patients. In April 2005, we implemented a policy of transfusing only ABO identical components whenever feasible, regardless of outdating/logistic considerations.
The Older Woman Sexually Abused as a Child

It is estimated that 3 112 million women over the age of 60 endured sexual abuse as children, yet little is known of their experience. The effects of that experience can be devastating for women of any age, but may have particular consequences for older women. This paper selectively reviews what is known about sexual abuse for younger women. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is suggested as a model for describing the effects of childhood sexual abuse on older women. Based on a review of the literature and examination of the model, possible consequences of childhood sexual abuse for older women are suggested. It is suggested that child sexual abuse may pose special problems for older women struggling with common aging themes such as dependency and caregiving, life review, and grieving. Finally, implications for clinical practice are offered.
Infusing Disability Studies into “Mainstream” Educational Thought: One Person’s Story

The purpose of this article is to explore how ideas from disability studies can inform “mainstream” educational practice. In this autoethnographic narrative I describe a personal journey of planning, teaching, and evaluating a 3-hour “in service” presentation for high school principals. In my account of this event I alternate between a description of the content, my personal reflections, and participant reactions. I demonstrate how the content and format of this kind of presentation can serve as a formalized context for generating a much needed dialogue between disability studies and current practices in the field of education.
A conjecture-generalization of Sondow's formula

An easy generalization of Beukers' integrals allows us to conjecture a double integral formula involving the zeta and the gamma functions. A special case of this formula is Sondow's double integral formula for Euler's constant gamma.
Progressive bile duct injury after thiabendazole administration

Abstract A 27-yr-old man developed jaundice 2 wk after exposure to thiabendazole. Cholestasis persisted for 3 yr, at which time a liver transplant was performed. Two liver biopsy specimens and the hepatectomy specimen were remarkable for almost complete disappearance of interlobular bile ducts. Prominent fibrosis and hepatocellular regeneration were also present; however, the lobular architecture was preserved. This case represents an example of "idiosyncratic" drug-induced liver damage in which the primary target of injury is the bile duct. An autoimmune pathogenesis of the bile duct destruction is suggested.
Increasing Interconnection Network Throughput with Virtual Channels

Interconnection networks form the backbone of scalable computer systems, including high-performance computers and datacenters. High-performance networks must provide high throughput and bandwidth while delivering messages with minimal latency. As processors that connect to the network inject more messages, the network load rises and can cause two potential deleterious conditions: network deadlock—where messages are blocked in the network and cannot progress—and an exponential increase in end-to-end latency, as messages must wait in the network for prior messages to be delivered. The network architect’s job is to deliver high bandwidth and low latency for the largest network load possible, but with limited cost and power. Before the 1990s, scalable computing systems were typically built with two separate networks to avoid deadlock. These networks were often assigned to “request” and “reply” traffic classes, and messages in separate classes did not interfere as they progressed through the network. The networks had their own individual wires to ensure that reply messages did not get stuck behind request messages. Unfortunately, this approach increases network cost by doubling the number of wires, and can leave links idle as congestion rises. In “Virtual Channel Flow Control” (IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 3, no. 2, 1992, pp. 194–205), William J. Dally proposed an alternate approach to alleviate deadlock and provide better network performance. Virtual channels include two or more virtualized networks that share the physical wire links and routers, but have their own buffer storage for in-flight messages. In modern interconnection networks, messages are decomposed into flow-control digits (flits) that transit the network like train cars. When a message reaches a congested point, its flits reside in the virtual channel buffers, leaving the links free for messages belonging to other virtual channels. The decoupling of buffering from links in virtual channels enables deadlock-free routing algorithms and the passing of blocked messages in the network, using otherwise idle link resources. With virtual channels, a system doesn’t incur the link cost of multiple networks and can more easily multiplex traffic from different flows over a single set of physical links.
Direct determination of the point mutation rate of a murine retrovirus.

Abstract The point mutation rate of a murine leukemia virus (MuLV) genome (AKV) was determined under conditions in which the number of replicative cycles was carefully controlled and the point mutation rate was determined by direct examination of the RNA genomes of progeny viruses. A clonal cell line infected at a low multiplicity of infection (2 x 10(-3)) was derived to provide a source of virus with high genetic homogeneity. Virus stocks from this cell line were used to infect cells at a low multiplicity of infection, and the cells were seeded soon after infection to obtain secondary clonal cell lines. RNase T1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting analyses of virion RNAs from 93 secondary lines revealed only 3 base changes in nearly 130,000 bases analyzed. To obtain an independent assessment of the mutation rate, we directly sequenced virion RNAs by using a series of DNA oligonucleotide primers distributed across the genome. RNA sequencing detected no mutations in over 21,000 bases analyzed. The combined fingerprinting and sequencing analyses yielded a mutation rate for infectious progeny viruses of one base change per 50,000 (2 x 10(-5)) bases per replication cycle. Our results suggest that over 80% of infectious progeny MuLVs may be replicated with complete fidelity and that only a low percentage undergo more than one point mutation during a replication cycle. Previous estimates of retroviral mutation rates suggest that the majority of infectious progeny viruses have undergone one or more point mutations. Recent studies of the mutation rates of marker genes in spleen necrosis virus-based vectors estimate a base substitution rate lower than estimates for infectious avian retroviruses and nearly identical to our determinations with AKV. The differences between mutation rates observed in studies of retroviruses may reflect the imposition of different selective conditions.
The relationship between obesity and psychiatric disorders across ethnic and racial minority groups in the United States.

Abstract Context Epidemiologic studies of obesity have not examined the prevalence and relationship of mental health conditions with obesity for diverse ethnic and racial populations in the United States. Objective (1) To assess whether obesity was associated with diverse psychiatric diagnoses across a representative sample of non-Latino whites, Latinos, Asians, African-Americans, and Afro-Caribbeans; and (2) to test whether physical health status, smoking, sociodemographic characteristics, and psychiatric comorbidities mediate any of the observed associations. Design Our analyses used pooled data from the NIMH Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES). Analyses tested the association between obesity and psychiatric disorders in a diverse sample of Americans (N = 13,837), while adjusting for factors such as other disorders, age, gender, socioeconomic status, smoking and physical health status (as measured by chronic conditions and WHO-DAS scores) in different models. Results The relationship between obesity and last-year psychiatric disorders varied by ethnicity/race. The likelihood of having mood or anxiety disorder was positively associated with obesity for certain racial/ethnic groups, but was moderated by differences in physical health status. Substance-use disorders were associated with decreased odds for obesity in African-Americans. Conclusions The role of physical health status (as measured by chronic conditions and WHO-DAS scores) dramatically changes the pattern of associations between obesity and psychiatric disorders, suggesting the important role it plays in explaining differential patterns of association across racial and ethnic groups.
Scheduling directed a-cyclic task graphs on a bounded set of heterogeneous processors using task duplication

In a distributed computing environment, the schedule by which tasks are assigned to processors is critical to minimizing the overall run-time of the application. However, the problem of discovering the schedule that gives the minimum finish time is NP-Complete. This paper addresses static scheduling of a directed a-cyclic task graph (DAG) on a heterogeneous, bounded set of distributed processors to minimize the makespan. By combining several innovative techniques, including insertion-based scheduling and multiple task duplication, we present a new heuristic, known as Heterogeneous N-predecessor Decisive Path (HNDP), for scheduling directed a-cyclic weighted task graphs (DAGs) on a set of heterogeneous processors. We compare the performance of HNDP, under a range of varying input conditions, with two of the best existing heterogeneous heuristics namely HEFT and STDS. The results presented in this paper show that HNDP outperforms the two heuristics in terms of finish time and the number of processors employed over a wide range of parameters. The complexity of HNPD is O(v^2^.p) vs. O(v^2^.p) of HEFT and O(v^2) of STDS where v is the number of nodes in the DAG.