cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
International asset allocation with time varying risk: an analysis and implementation

Abstract This paper investigates the problem of optimally allocating funds in an investment portfolio among major classes of U.S. and Japanese assets, given that the asset risk parameters vary over time. We devise an econometric specification in the ARCH/GARCH family to model the evolution of the returns covariance matrix and find substantial time variation in both returns variances and correlations. The fitted covariance matrices are then used to analyze optimal asset allocation portfolios. The time patterns in the portfolio weights and risk assessment make sense: They show the change in character of the U.S. Treasury bond market in 1979 and the increase in stock market risk in October 1987, for example. However, while the models capture some of the time variation in asset risk parameters, the improvement in portpolio performance is limited. We also examine investment performance under different portfolio constraints, and find that allowing international diversification makes the biggest impact, especially for a U.S. investor. Prohibiting short sales and the hedging of currency risk seem to have little impact. We find that post-sample performance of the model deteriorates relative to the fixed variance model.
Evolution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Hormathiidae) symbiotic with hermit crabs

Sea anemones in genera Adamsia, Calliactis and Paracalliactis (family Hormathiidae) engage in a mutualistic symbiosis with hermit crabs in which the anemone gains substrate and food in exchange for defending the crab. Some of the sea anemones also expand the living space of the crab by producing a carcinoecium, a chitinous structure that overlies the initial gastropod shell in which the hermit crab lives. The symbiosis is initiated either by the crab, or by the anemone. Although behavioral and physiological aspects of this symbiosis have been studied, interpretations cannot be generalized without an evolutionary framework. After reconstructing relationships among members of Hormathiidae using DNA sequences, we find that the association has evolved at least twice: Adamsia nests within Calliactis in a single clade, and Paracalliactis belongs to a different clade within the family. The carcinoecium and complex behavioral and anatomical features associated with the symbiosis are interpreted as having evolved at least twice within Hormathiidae and seem to be phylogenetically labile.
'Look for the right mentor'. An interview with Prof. Manfred v. Singer.

Prof. Manfred V. Singer, a pioneer in the field of neuro-hormonal regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion, is interviewed. He provided the first experimental proof of the existence of neural refle
Counter terms for low momentum nucleon–nucleon interactions

Abstract There is much current interest in treating low energy nuclear physics using the renormalization group (RG) and effective field theory (EFT). Inspired by this RG-EFT approach, we study a low-momentum nucleon–nucleon (NN) interaction, Vlow-k, obtained by integrating out the fast modes down to the scale Λ∼2 fm−1. Since NN experiments can only determine the effective interaction in this low momentum region, our chief purpose is to find such an interaction for complex nuclei whose typical momenta lie below this scale. In this paper we find that Vlow-k can be highly satisfactorily accounted for by the counter terms corresponding to a short range effective interaction. The coefficients Cn of the power series expansion ∑Cnqn for the counter terms have been accurately determined, and results derived from several meson-exchange NN interaction models are compared. The counter terms are found to be important only for the S, P and D partial waves. Scaling behavior of the counter terms is studied. Finally we discuss the use of these methods for computing shell model matrix elements.
Hepatitis B virus infection : Understanding its epidemiology, course, and diagnosis

Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is not as common in the United States as in some countries, 5,000 Americans die from it every year. This number can be significantly decreased with proper screening and by vaccinating people at risk. Internists should be aware of the natural history of HBV infection, a vital prerequisite to correctly assessing disease severity and subsequently determining the need for antiviral therapy.
GRASSLAND RESEARCH ON BLANKET PEAT IN IRELAND

The results from 10 years of grassland research at the Peatland Experimental Station, Glenamoy, are summarized. Grass and legume species were introduced by surface seeding, without cultivation or by direct seeding after rotavation, depending on the specific situation. The rate of establishment was dependent on pretreatment and the management of grazing animals before and after sowing. The most suitable species were Trifolium repens, Lolium perenne, Festuca arumlinacea, Festuca rubra and Holcus lanatus. A level of fertility suited to the introduced species must be reached initially and subsequently maintained. The requirements (per/ac) for Ca, P, K, N, Cu and Co were: 2240 lb (1016 kg) ground limestone, 36 lb (16 kg) P, 112 lb (51 kg) K, 20 lb (9 kg) N, 20 lb (9 kg) CuSO4 and 2 lb (0–91 kg) CoSO4 at sowing, with 27 lb (12–25 kg) P and 56 lb (254 kg) K annually. Dry–matter yields of 6000 lb/ac (6720 kg/ha) were obtained from grass–clover swards without fertilizer N, and approximately twice this quantity where 400 lb N/ac (448 kg/ha) had been applied annually. A liveweight gain of 526 lb/ac (589–12 kg/ha) and a starch equivalent output of 2946 lb (3299–5 kg) were obtained with sheep. The relationship between these results and those on peat soils abroad are discussed.
Visualizing intellectual connections among philosophers using the hyperlink & semantic data from Wikipedia

Wikipedia, with its unique structural features and rich usergenerated content, is being increasingly recognized as a valuable knowledge source that can be exploited for various applications. The objective of the ongoing project reported in this paper is to create a Web-based knowledge portal for digital humanities based on the data extracted from Wikipedia (and other data sources). In this paper we present the interesting results we have obtained by extracting and visualizing various connections among 300 major philosophers using the structured data available in Wikipedia.
Self-compassion in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: Relationship of self-compassion to adjustment to persistent pain

Abstract Context Self-compassion entails qualities such as kindness and understanding toward oneself in difficult circumstances and may influence adjustment to persistent pain. Self-compassion may be a particularly influential factor in pain adjustment for obese individuals who suffer from persistent pain, as they often experience heightened levels of pain and lower levels of psychological functioning. Objectives The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship of self-compassion to pain, psychological functioning, pain coping, and disability among patients who have persistent musculoskeletal pain and who are obese. Methods Eighty-eight obese patients with persistent pain completed a paper-and-pencil self-report assessment measure before or after their appointment with their anesthesiologist. Results Hierarchical linear regression analyses demonstrated that even after controlling for important demographic variables, self-compassion was a significant predictor of negative affect (β=−0.48, P Conclusion The results of this study indicate that self-compassion may be important in explaining the variability in pain adjustment among patients who have persistent musculoskeletal pain and are obese.
Theoretical Model of Phosphorus Incorporation in Silica in Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition

Based on experiment, a theoretical model is developed of phosphorus incorporation in modified chemical vapor deposition. In the glass formation stage of this process, gas-phase reaction of silicon tetrachloride and phosphorus oxychloride generates submicrometer particles of phosphorus-doped silica. These particles deposit in a thin porous soot layer which is then viscously sintered. Equations for thermal and dopant transport through the soot voids and particles during sintering predict that gradients in each layer are due to inhibited diffusion of dopant through the gaseous voids of the soot, not to gas-phase gradients. Thermal gradients create variations in gas and solid diffusion and dopant solubility which enhance concentration gradients. These results apply to viscous sintering of glasses produced by flame hydrolysis and sol-gel processes.
Silencing T-bet Defines a Critical Role in the Differentiation of Autoreactive T Lymphocytes

As a means of developing therapies that target the pathogenic T cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) without compromising the immune system or eliciting systemic side effects, we investigated the use of T-bet-specific antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) to silence T-bet expression in autoreactive encephalitogenic T cells and evaluated the biological consequences of this suppression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model for MS. The T-bet-specific AS oligonucleotide and siRNA suppressed T-bet expression, IFNgamma production, and STAT1 levels during antigen-specific T cell differentiation. In vitro suppression of T-bet during differentiation of myelin-specific T cells and in vivo administration of a T-bet-specific antisense oligonucleotide or siRNA inhibited disease. T-bet was shown to bind the IFNgamma and STAT1 promoters, but did not regulate the IL-12/STAT4 pathway. Since T-bet regulates IFNgamma production in CD4(+) T cells, but to a lesser extent in most other IFNgamma-producing cells, T-bet may be a target for therapeutics for Th1-mediated diseases.
The Employment and Financial Effects on Families Raising Children With Special Health Care Needs: An Examination of the Evidence

Abstract Introduction Over 10 million children in the United States have special health care needs (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2008). Parents struggle to afford needed health care and wrestle with the dual responsibilities of caregiving and employment. Researchers from a variety of disciplines, health care, and social science, in particular, are analyzing what variables affect a family’s ability to access needed health care while balancing work and caregiving. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted on the past 11 years of research that examined insurance status, insurance type, family out-of-pocket expenses, employment outcomes (reductions in hours or stopping work all together), and the role of receiving care in a medical home. Results It was found that private health insurance, more severe conditions, and specific diagnoses are related to increased expenses and employment changes. It was also found that receiving care in a medical home reduces both. Discussion It is vital that clinicians and policy makers move forward in expanding the concept of the medical home model as a means to improving the well-being of families raising children with special health care needs.
Immunocontraception of white-tailed deer using native and recombinant zona pellucida vaccines

We conducted a 2-year feasibility study with native porcine zona pellucida (PZP) vaccine and three recombinant rabbit zona pellucida vaccines (RC55, RC75a and a combination of RC55, RC75a and RC75b) as an initial phase of developing a recombinant immunocontraceptive vaccine to control reproduction in overpopulated herds of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus). Forty captive white-tailed does were divided into five groups (one sham and four treated), of eight each and injected with a 500mg prime dose of vaccine. Each prime dose was followed by a 300mg booster dose at 3‐7 weeks post prime. The frequency and number of months of observed breeding were higher in PZP immunized does than in sham controls. Although the antibody titers of the three recombinant groups were 1000 or less, as compared with the PZP group with titers often over 128,000, the fawning rates of the two recombinants were significantly lower than that of the control group. The combined antigen group did not have a significantly lower fawning rate. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Neutrophils Influence the Level of Antigen Presentation during the Immune Response to Protein Antigens in Adjuvants

Neutrophils modulated Ag presentation following immunization with Ags in CFA or IFA or alum. The neutrophils had an important negative role in the CD4 T cell and B cell responses to three protein Ags: hen egg white lysozyme, OVA, and listeriolysin O. In their absence (by depleting with Abs for only the first 24 h, or using genetically neutropenic mice), the cellular responses increased several-fold. The CD8 response was not affected or slightly decreased. Competition for Ag between the presenting cells and the neutrophils, as well as an effect on the response to Ag-bearing dendritic cells (DCs), was documented. Neutrophils entered the draining lymph nodes rapidly and for a brief period of several hours, localizing mainly to the marginal sinus and superficial cortex. There they established brief contact with DCs and macrophages. Moreover, neutrophils imprinted on the quality of the subsequent DC-T cell interactions, despite no physical contact with them; by intravital microscopy, the clustering of Ag-specific T cells and DCs was improved in neutropenic mice. Thus, neutrophils are obligate cells that briefly enter sites of immunization and set the level of Ag presentation. A brief depletion may have a considerably positive impact on vaccination.
Central effects of an antagonist and an antiserum to substance P on serum gonadotropin and prolactin secretion.

Abstract The central effects of both an antagonist and an antiserum to substance P (SP) on gonadotropin and prolactin (Prl) secretion were studied in castrated male rats. The lateral ventricular injection (20μg) of an analogue to SP possessing antagonistic properties resulted in significantly suppressed serum LH levels without altering serum FSH and Prl levels when compared with saline-injected control animals. Similarly, the lateral ventricular injection of an antiserum to SP also resulted in significantly suppressed LH levels when compared to control animals injected with normal rabbit serum. Additionally, no changes were observed in the levels of serum FSH and Prl as a result of the anti-SP injection. Thus, although indirect, these results support the hypothesis that SP may have a central stimulatory action on LH secretion, but not FSH and Prl secretion.
ESTIMATION OF CENSORED PANEL-DATA MODELS WITH SLOPE HETEROGENEITY

SUMMARY This paper considers estimation of censored panel-data models with individual-specific slope heterogeneity. The slope heterogeneity may be random (random slopes model) or related to covariates (correlated random slopes model). Maximum likelihood and censored least-absolute deviations estimators are proposed for both models. The estimators are simple to implement and, in the case of maximum likelihood, lead to straightforward estimation of partial effects. The rescaled bootstrap suggested by Andrews (Econometrica 2000; 68: 399–405) is used to deal with the possibility of variance parameters being equal to zero. The methodology is applied to an empirical study of Dutch household portfolio choice, where the outcome variable (portfolio share in safe assets) has corner solutions at zero and one. As predicted by economic theory, there is strong evidence of correlated random slopes for the age profiles, indicating a heterogeneous age profile of portfolio adjustment that varies significantly with other household characteristics. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Focusing Strategies for Multiple Fault Diagnosis

Diagnosing multiple faults for a complex system is often very difficult. It requires not only a model which adequately represents the diagnostic aspect of a complex system, but also an efficient diagnostic algorithm that can generate effective test and repair recommendations. One way of developing such an efficient and effective diagnostic algorithm is to focus the computational resource on disambiguating a set of the most likely potential faults, called focus faults. In this paper, we apply decision theory to analyze strategies for selecting focus faults. We propose a decision-theoretic focusing strategy which is based on users’ risk tolerances. The proposed focusing strategy has been applied to a large diagnostic model for locomotives, which has been deployed in the field. Our diagnostic experts found decision-theoretic focusing strategy useful and informative.
Measuring trace elements in semiconductors: Methods and pitfalls☆

Abstract A quantitative understanding of the electrical behavior of semiconductors requires quantitative knowledge of impurities at concentrations as small as one part per billion. Methods available for trace measurements at this level are few in number; for many constituents there are no routine, inexpensive and reliable accurate methods. If the sample of interest is a thin film on a substrate, the mass of sample is small and the difficulties of micro-analysis are added to those of trace analysis. Nearly all methods available for approaching this problem rely on physical rather than chemical reactions. The sample is probed with an external stimulus and the response to this stimulus is then detected. The probe and also the response may be photons (from microwaves to γ-rays), electrons, neutrons or other nuclear particles, or ions. Desirable properties of a method are high sensitivity to the signal from the component sought, insensitivityto the presence of uninteresting factors such as the matrix, and a response related to the stimulus by a known factor of proportionality. Although semiquantitative or relative information is sufficient to answer many questions, the analyst's goal is to produce measurements of high and known accuracy. The history of blind inter-laboratory comparisons of trace element measurements shows that agreement is seldom as good as expected a priori. The resolution of discrepancies is most efficiently done if one or more common lots of material is available for repeated analyses.
Thermal Resistance of Spores from pH, Elevating Strains of Bacillus licheniformis

The thermal resistance of Bacillus licheniformis spores from strains originally isolated from home-canned tomatoes was examined. In tomato puree at pH 4.4, D95 and D100 values of 4.5 and 2.0 min, respectively, were obtained. The z value was 14.9 C°. The D95 in pH adjusted tomato puree increased at the rate of 50% per pH unit over the range pH 4–5.5. The D95 in pH 7.2 buffer was 7.8 min. The B. licheniformis spores could survive the USDA raw pack process for home-canned tomatoes and elevate the pH to greater than 5.2 under aerobic but not anaerobic conditions.
Antecedents of Coupon Proneness: A Key Mediator of Coupon Redemption

Coupons increase the buying power of consumers. Businesses use coupons to increase sales, new products adoption, and repeat buying. Billions of coupons are distributed annually via different methods. However, consumers redeem only a small fraction of these, thereby forgoing the potential cost savings. The authors investigated several factors that motivate coupon redemption. The data were obtained by surveying 353 U.S. consumers. Price consciousness, pride, and satisfaction in using coupons, and value consciousness were found to increase coupon use. The perception that the savings are not worth the effort decreased their use. The results suggest ways for managers to boost coupon use.
Coupling atomistic and continuum length scales in heteroepitaxial systems: Multiscale molecular-dynamics/finite-element simulations of strain relaxation in Si ∕ Si 3 N 4 nanopixels

A hybrid atomistic-continuum simulation approach has been implemented to study strain relaxation in lattice-mismatched Si/ Si3N4 nanopixels on a Si111 substrate. We couple the molecular-dynamics MD and finite-element simulation approaches to provide an atomistic description near the interface and a continuum description deep into the substrate, increasing the accessible length scales and greatly reducing the computational cost. The results of the hybrid simulation are validated against full multimillion-atom MD simulations. We find that strain relaxation in Si/ Si3N4 nanopixels may occur through the formation of a network of interfacial domain boundaries reminiscent of interfacial misfit dislocations. They result from the nucleation of domains of different interfacial bonding at the free edges and corners of the nanopixel, and subsequent to their creation they propagate inwards. We follow the motion of the domain boundaries and estimate a propagation speed of about 2.5 10 3 m / s. The effects of temperature, nanopixel architecture, and film structure on strain relaxation are also investigated. We find: i elevated temperature increases the interfacial domain nucleation rates; ii a thin compliant Si layer between the film and the substrate plays a beneficial role in partially suppressing strain relaxation; and iii additional control over the interface morphology may be achieved by varying the film structure.
Testing for buffer overflows with length abstraction

We present Splat, a tool for automatically generating inputs that lead to memory safety violations in C programs. Splat performs directed random testing of the code, guided by symbolic execution. However, instead of representing the entire contents of an input buffer symbolically, Splat tracks only a prefix of the buffer symbolically, and a symbolic length that may exceed the size of the symbolic prefix. The part of the buffer beyond the symbolic prefix is filled with concrete random inputs. The use of symbolic buffer lengths makes it possible to compactly summarize the behavior of standard buffer manipulation functions, such as string library functions, leading to a more scalable search for possible memory errors. While reasoning only about prefixes of buffer contents makes the search theoretically incomplete, we experimentally demonstrate that the symbolic length abstraction is both scalable and sufficient to uncover many real buffer overflows in C programs. In experiments on a set of benchmarks developed independently to evaluate buffer overflow checkers, Splat was able to detect buffer overflows quickly, sometimes several orders of magnitude faster than when symbolically representing entire buffers. Splat was also able to find two previously unknown buffer overflows in a heavily-tested storage system.
Expansion of sugarcane production in São Paulo, Brazil: Implications for fire occurrence and respiratory health

Abstract Recent increases in the price of oil have generated much interest in biofuel development but the social and environmental impacts of large scale adoption of biofuels at both regional and national scales remain understudied, especially in developing economies. Although the recent swings in prices for oil may slow down these surges in supply and demand, production of biofuels from food remain profitable above $50/barrel making the biofuel market viable. Here we use municipality-level data for the state of Sao Paulo in Brazil to explore the effects of fires associated with sugarcane cultivation on respiratory health of elderly and children. We examined the effects of fires occurring in the same year in which respiratory cases were reported as well as chronic effects associated with long-term cultivation of sugarcane. Across the state, respiratory morbidity attributable to fires accounted for 113 elderly and 317 child cases, approximately 1.8% of total cases in each group. Although no chronic effects of fire were detected for the elderly group, an additional 650 child cases can be ascribed to the long-term cultivation of sugar cane increasing to 5.4% the percent of children cases that can be attributed to fire. For municipalities with greater than 50% of the land in sugarcane the percentage increased to 15% and 12%, respectively, for elderly and children. An additional 209 child cases could also be attributed to past exposure to fires associated with sugarcane, suggesting that in total 38% of children respiratory cases could be attributed to current or chronic exposure to fires in these municipalities. The harmful effects of cane-associated fires on health are not only a burden for the public health system but also for household economies. This type of information should be incorporated into land use decisions and discussions of biofuel sustainability.
Speaking Soviet with an accent: culture and power in Kyrgyzstan

Speaking Soviet with an Accent is an innovative exploration of what the cultural policy of ‘nationalist in form, socialist in content’ meant for the Kyrgyz of Central Asia in the early Soviet perio...
Securing Our Nation's Economic Future: A Sensible, Nonpartisan Agenda to Increase Long-Term Investment and Job Creation in the United States

These days it has become fashionable to talk about whether the incentive system for the governance of American corporations optimally encourages long-term investment, sustainable policies, and therefore creates the most long-term economic and social benefit for American workers and investors. Many have come to the conclusion that the answer to that question is no. As these commentators note, the investment horizon of the ultimate source of most equity capital — human beings who must give their money to institutional investors to save for retirement and college for their kids — is long. That horizon is much more aligned with what it takes to run a real business than that of the direct stockholders, who are money managers and are under strong pressure to deliver immediate returns at all times. Americans want corporations that are focused on sustainable wealth and job creation. But, there is too little talk accompanied by a specific policy agenda to address that incentive system. This paper proposes a genuine, realistic agenda that would better promote a sustainable, long-term commitment to economic growth in the United States. This agenda should not divide Americans along party lines. Indeed, most of the elements have substantial bipartisan support. Nor does this agenda involve freeing corporate managers from accountability to investors for delivering profitable returns. Rather, it makes all those who represent human investors more accountable, but for delivering on what most counts for ordinary investors, which is the creation of durable wealth by socially responsible means. The fundamental elements of this strategy to promote long-term American competitiveness include: (i) tax policy that discourages counterproductive behavior and encourages investment and work; (ii) investment policies to revitalize our infrastructure, address climate change, create jobs, and close our deficit; (iii) reforming the incentives of and enhancing the fiduciary accountability of institutional investors; (iv) reducing the focus on quarterly earnings estimates and improving the quality of information provided to investors; and (v) an American commitment to an international level playing field to reduce incentives to offshore jobs, erode the social safety net, and pollute the planet.
Farm Legislation in the 86th Congress

IN THE Preface to his excellent study, Congress Makes A Law, Stephen Bailey speaks of our national legislative process as follows: "For most Americans the drama of Congressional policy-making is played behind closed curtains. It is much as though the citizenry were seated in a huge auditorium, allowed printed programs, but kept in almost total ignorance of what was happening on the stage."' One might well contend that he exaggerates the existing situation, but the picture he portrays certainly contains several elements of realism. The purpose of this article is to attempt to pull aside the curtain so that we may have at least a partial view of what happened in the areas of farm legislation in the 86th Congress (1959-60). The results of the November 1958 election brought about a substantial increase in the strength of the Democratic Party in Congress, or the statistics seemed to so indicate. In both houses there was an almost
Concepts in Rheological Studies of Polymeric Liquid Crystals

The intent of this chapter is not to merely review the rheology of liquid crystalline polymers (LCP) as this has been done elsewhere1, but rather it is to compare their behavior with flexible chain polymer systems and to describe various Theological tests which can be used to characterize LCP. We will assume that the reader is somewhat familiar with the concepts of polymer rheology such as fluid elasticity, memory, and normal stresses. With this background the uniqueness of the rheology of polymeric liquid crystalline systems, which at first sight is not significantly different from most polymer systems, will be more fully appreciated. An excellent review of both the theory of polymeric liquids and their flow characteristics is given in the book by Bird, Armstrong and Hassager2. Although this chapter will not be masked in the mathematics surrounding non-Newtonian fluids, it is certainly helpful if the reader is familiar with concepts which are associated with the rheology of flexible chain polymer systems. Finally, it is not our intention to use the results of others in general, so that much of the illustrative data will come from our laboratory.
Numerical evaluation of surface-initiated cracking in flexible pavement overlays with field observations

Transverse cracking observed in the field overlay pavements is usually categorised into two types, (1) thermal cracking initiated at the surface of pavement and (2) reflective cracking initiated at the pavement layer above the existing pavement cracks or joints. Recently, another transverse cracking phenomenon was noticed in some field investigations but was less studied. Crack was observed from both the surface and the bottom of field cores, but cannot be visually observed from the middle layer. In addition, the surface and the bottom cracks lined up well showing the tendency of meeting each other. This study aimed to evaluate the causes of such transverse cracking phenomenon and identify the critical factors that could contribute to such cracking based on field pavement conditions. Three-dimensional (3-D) Finite-element Method models were developed to evaluate the critical pavement responses under different conditions. Both traffic load and thermal load were considered in the model. Field core data were...
Socioeconomic and Clinical Factors Are Key To Uncovering Disparity in Accrual Onto Therapeutic Trials for Breast Cancer

To monitor and address disparity in accrual, patient participation in cancer clinical trials is routinely summarized by race/ethnicity. To investigate whether confounding obscures racial/ethnic disparity in participation, all women with breast cancer treated by medical oncologists at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center from 2004 through 2009 were classified by birthplace and self-reported race/ethnicity, and followed for accrual onto therapeutic trials through 2010. Undetectable on univariate analysis, significantly reduced participation by subjects of African, Asian, Eastern European, Latin American, and Middle Eastern ancestries was revealed after accounting for age, socioeconomic factors, tumor and oncologist characteristics, and intrapractice clustering of patients.
Frequency-division-multiplexed single-pixel imaging with metamaterials

We propose and experimentally realize the concept of frequency-division-multiplexed single-pixel imaging. Our technique relies entirely on metamaterial spatial light modulators, the advent of which has permitted advanced modulation techniques difficult to achieve with alternative approaches. So far, implementations of single-pixel imaging have used a single encoding frequency, making them sensitive to narrowband noise. Here, we implement frequency-division methods to parallelize the single-pixel imaging process at 3.2 THz. Our technique enables a trade-off between signal-to-noise ratio and acquisition speed—without altering detector integration time—thus realizing a key development due to the limitations imposed by slow thermal detectors in terahertz and far IR. In addition, our technique yields high image fidelity and marries communications concepts to single-pixel imaging, opening a new path forward for future imaging systems.
European and American Sociology: Some Comparisons

THE most complete internationalism so far achieved by mankind is the internationalism of knowledge. Nations may differ widely on questions of religion, trade, and politics; their interests may clash over colonies, territories, boundaries, and markets; their opinions may diverge on policies of migrations and tariffs; but when it comes to developments in science, the emergence of theories of philosophy, or the enrichments of literature and the arts, the possessions of one nation quickly become the possessions of all. Sociology, like other sciences, is neither the creation of a single people nor is it anyone's exclusive domain. The students of sociology of every country are alike indebted to Durkheim, Weber, Hobhouse, Kropotkin, Pareto, Ward, and many others for a body of materials and theory that tend with the passing of years to become merged into a single and more or less unified whole from which the individualistic claim of any one man or country is gradually erased. The writings of each are available to all; that which is found to be valid is accepted, and the invalid rejected, regardless of the birthplace of its originator. When international conferences are held on questions of politics, disarmaments, economic adjustments and the like, it is difficult for the ambassadors of the various states to divest themselves of their representative character. Each is biased by his particular political interest and tends to become a special pleader for his own country's point of view or objective. But when there is a national conference of philosophers or scientists, they tend to stand committed, not to special interests, but to the advancement of knowledge as whole. Science knows no political boundaries, and knowledge is as universal as the area of intercommunication of intelligent and educated minds. This is not to say there are no differences among sciences of various lands; but those differences are of emphases, and of methods of approach to a common task, rather than appeals of vested interest. Where opinions clash, it is due to a difference of judgments as to the soundness and truth of the positions which are advanced, and not to a feeling that particular national rights are being invaded. This article is intended to deal with some contrasting phases of sociology as it is developed today in Europe and United States. If its title seems to imply that Europe is a homogeneous whole with re-
THE STATUS OF ASTER ADSURGENS E.L. GREENE

Summary In all treatments of western North American taxa of Aster subsequent to Greene's description of Aster adsurgens in Pittonia 4: 216-217, I900, this species was placed in the section Multiflori as a close ally to or a synonym of A. commutatus (T. & G.) A. Gray (= A. falcatus commutatus). Examination of the type material reveals that the name does not apply to a taxon of the section Multiflori at all, and a comparison with the corresponding type specimen (Drummond 580, K!) clearly places A. adsurgens in synonymy under A. ascendens Lindley in Hooker (I834). There are five sheets of type material of Aster adsurgens in the Greene Herbarium at the University of Notre Dame. None of the sheets has been annotated and no holotype has been designated. The name was placed in synonymy under A. commutatus by Rydberg (I917), probably on the basis of the statement in Greene's description that the "species, notwithstanding its low stature and depressed habit with loose inflorescence and large heads, is strictly an ally of A. multiflorus, especially of its far-western homologue, A. commutatus, Gray," (1900: 216). Mrs. Ruth A. Nelson, in her study of the Rocky Mountain species of Multiflori (1933), resurrected the name and substituted it for Rydberg's A. crassulus. She mentioned that the Greene collection was unavailable to her, and her judgment was founded on a comparison of Greene's and Rydberg's (I9OI) descriptions. If the names did apply to the same taxon, A. adsurgens would have priority over A. crassulus. Mrs. Nelson also placed A. exiguus (Fern.) Rydb. in synonymy under A. adsurgens. Her basic key character, separating the taxon from other species of the group, was spreading hispid stem pubescence. While Rydberg did emphasize this particular characteristic for A. crassulus, Greene, for A. adsurgens, merely stated that stem and branches are notably pubescent. Significantly, all the plants in his collection have stems with indument of soft, ascending to appressed trichomes. Following Mrs. Nelson's interpretation, many herbarium specimens of Multiflori have been identified or annotated as Aster adsurgens Greene, notably by L. H. Shinners and A. J. Breitung. Peck used the name in the 194 edition of the Manual of the higher plants of Oregon, but in the 1961 edition he substituted
Clinical Applying of Low and Medium Frequency Electrotherapy

Electrotherapy is the use of different types of current and electromagnetic field treatment for diseases,and it is one of the most common methods of physical therapy,including direct current therapy,low-frequency pulse therapy,IF pulse therapy,high-frequency electric therapy and electrostatic therapy,this article aims introducting the physiological role of Low and Medium frequency electrotherapy and its clinical application.
Precision medicine approaches to the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.

For those undergoing screening for the presence of previously undiagnosed prostate cancer, the major challenge for new tests is to avoid the overdetection of indolent cancers that limits the clinical utility of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test.
Problems in the Classification and Diagnosis of the Paraphilias: What Is the Evidence That the DSM Warrants Use?

The DSM-5 diagnostic category of paraphilia is critically examined. Significant problems are found including: whether these are properly subtyped, the extent to which it relies on an unclear definitional strategy, whether the justification and process for revisions was sound, how the paraphilias relate to the general definition of mental disorders given in the DSM-5, whether the diagnostic categories are developmentally sensitive, the extent to which the DSM-5 assumes knowledge that does not actually exist (e.g., regarding “predisposing, precipitating and protective factors”), unknown interrater reliabilities, a new and dubious distinction between a paraphilic orientation and a paraphilic disorder, whether there are missing paraphilias particularly associated with rape, whether it calls for an overreliance on self-report, as well as several other problems. The chapter concludes that with the number and magnitude of these problems whether this diagnostic category ought to be used.
Use of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle Flap in Urological Reconstructive Procedures

AbstractThe rectus abdominis muscle flap has been used successfully in 4 reconstructive procedures complicated by tissue loss or urinary fistula. This simple procedure is advocated as an alternative to the use of omentum when prior abdominal surgery precludes omental mobilization. No adverse functional nor cosmetic result to the abdominal wall resulted.
Syntheses of bispyrazolyl monotriazolyl heteroscorpionate platinum(IV) complexes including an unusual Pt-CH2CH2-Pt bridge

Scorpionate ligands provide the benefit of hemilability while minimizing complete dissociation of the ligand. Previous investigations into Tp′PtLnXm complexes [Tp′ = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate] revealed the importance of hemilability as the Tp′ ligand facilitates Pt(II/IV) interconversions. Here we discuss the synthesis and metalation of a series of asymmetric scorpionate ligands bearing two pyrazolyl rings and one triazolyl ring. In addition to utilizing triazole donor arms with differing substituents, we also compare octahedral structures of Pt(IV) complexes with P = O and CH and BH caps at the pole of the facial tridentate umbrella. Oxidation from Pt(II) to Pt(IV) with electrophilic reagents, simple acids and acid chlorides, leads to isomers in some cases, and the binding properties of the various donor arms dictate the stereochemistry of the products. Investigations into the reactivity of heteroscorpionate tridentate ligands bound to platinum(II) led to CCl activation reactions with methylene chloride and 1,2-dichloroethane. Isolation of a dinuclear platinum complex bridged by an ethylene unit produced an unusual proton NMR AA′XX′ pattern in the 1H NMR spectrum due to chirality at each platinum center.
I was beginning to ask the right questions.

Leslie Reich taught ninth-grade English at a school in Los Angeles after participating in Teach for America’s Summer Institute. Leslie attributes her social justice leanings to growing up in a family that emphasized public service. As a new teacher, she recognized that she needed to first learn the intricacies of the community in which her students lived and began to pursue diversity and inclusiveness learning. She asked questions of her students and their families, engaged in dialogue with her colleagues, and read as much as she could on issues related to diversity, inclusiveness, and culturally sustaining pedagogy.
Reactions of Laser-Ablated Vanadium Atoms with Dioxygen. Infrared Spectra of VO, VO2, OOVO2, and V2O2 in Solid Argon

Laser-ablated V atoms react with O2 to give primarily the bent VO2 dioxide molecule and a smaller yield of the monoxide VO. The OVO valence angle is estimated as 118 ± 3° from oxygen isotopic ν3 fr...
High Voltage Diodes in Diamond Using (100)- and (111)- Substrates

We present a comparative study of PIN structures in diamond on type IIa (100)- and type IIb (111)- oriented bulk diamond substrates. An 8.5- $\mu \text{m}$ thick i-layer demonstrated a blocking voltage>1kV for the (100)-oriented diamond sample without any mesa isolation, passivation, or edge termination structures. PIN diodes with a 530nm thick drift region, on the (111)- sample, demonstrated a blocking voltage of 207V at a current level of 1A/cm2 with a corresponding blocking electric field of 3.9MV/cm. A deep ultraviolet light emission was observed only in (111)-diodes under forward bias, confirming well-behaved p-n junction characteristics in (111) as compared to (100).
A Review of “Working with Divorcing Spouses: How to Help Clients Navigate the Emotional and Legal Minefield”: Margulies, S. New York: The Guilford Press, 2007, 322 pp., $35.00 (hardback)

In the book Working with Divorcing Spouses, Margulies sets forth a powerful and methodical approach to counseling both individuals and couples who are navigating a divorce. Margulies' approach has ...
Where to catch ‘em all? – a geographic analysis of Pokémon Go locations

AbstractIn 2016, Niantic Labs released Pokemon Go, an augmented reality smartphone game that attracted millions of users worldwide. This game allows users to “catch” Pokemons through their mobile cameras in different geographic locations that often correspond to prominent places. This paper analyzes the distribution of PokeStops, Pokemon gyms, and spawnpoints in selected urban areas of South Florida and Boston. It identifies which socioeconomic variables and land-use categories affect the density of PokeStops, and how PokeStops and gyms cluster relative to each other. Using nearest neighbor analysis, this paper assesses also how actual PokeStop locations are reflected in Yelp’s “PokeStop nearby” attribute. Results show that black and Hispanic neighborhoods are disadvantaged when it comes to crowd-sourced data coverage, that PokeStops occur more frequently in commercial, recreational and touristic sites and around universities, and that PokeStops tend to cluster around gyms. The latter suggests that these ...
Detection of the Spin-Chemical Potential in Topological Insulators Using Spin-Polarized Four-Probe STM.

We demonstrate a new method for the detection of the spin-chemical potential in topological insulators using spin-polarized four-probe scanning tunneling microscopy on in situ cleaved ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{2}\mathrm{Se}$ surfaces. Two-dimensional (2D) surface and 3D bulk conductions are separated quantitatively via variable probe-spacing measurements, enabling the isolation of the nonvanishing spin-dependent electrochemical potential from the Ohmic contribution. This component is identified as the spin-chemical potential arising from the 2D charge current through the spin momentum locked topological surface states (TSS). This method provides a direct measurement of spin current generation efficiency and opens a new avenue to access the intrinsic spin transport associated with pristine TSS.
Risk-based loan pricing consequences for credit unions

Abstract Risk-based pricing, in which interest rate offers vary according to individual borrower risk levels, has been increasingly used to price credit union loans in the United States. The key question examined in this research, given credit union not-for-profit objectives, is whether this pricing strategy increases the availability of loans, particularly for high-risk borrowers. Data on the number of loans per credit union member and loan delinquency rates are used to assess loan access and average risk-levels, respectively. The results indicate that risk-based pricing adopters increase the availability of loans relative to otherwise similar non-adopters. However, average risk levels, as measured by delinquency rates, appear to be somewhat lower for adopters of risk-based pricing compared to matched non-adopters. This suggests that lending increases primarily for low-risk borrowers, which contrasts with claims that risk-based pricing chiefly benefits high-risk borrowers who might otherwise be denied credit.
Pregnancy After Fontan Palliation: Caution When Details Are Lost in Translation.

See Article by Garcia-Ropero et al Since the 1970s, the Fontan operation has been used to palliate a heterogeneous group of patients with single-ventricle physiology. With improvements in surgical technique and medical care, large numbers of women are now surviving to child-bearing years, and many desire pregnancy.1 Preconception counseling and management of pregnancy in women status post–Fontan palliation was initially uncharted territory. Recommendations were based primarily on expert opinion. Unfortunately, because of the diverse anatomic variation in women with congenital heart disease and variations in underlying risk factors, research in this highly complex patient population is not straightforward. In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes , Garcia-Ropero et al2 aim to conduct a systematic review of the literature published about pregnancy in women with prior Fontan surgery. Unfortunately, there are only 6 studies (2 from the same center with overlapping patient populations) describing outcomes during a 30-year time span. Acknowledging these limitations, the authors summarize information from 255 pregnancies in 133 women status post–Fontan palliation, which resulted in 115 live births. There were no maternal deaths reported, but complications included supraventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, premature delivery and small-for-gestational-age infants, and postpartum hemorrhage. This important article highlights the maternal and fetal risks of pregnancy in this unique patient population. However, the challenges in grouping the risks among a highly divergent, heterogeneous patient population with complex congenital heart disease are also apparent. The Fontan palliation is used to palliate a variety of conditions characterized by only a single well-developed ventricle. Lesions palliated by this procedure include tricuspid atresia, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, double inlet left ventricle, unbalanced atrioventricular canal …