cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acid Gases in CO2-rich Subsurface Geologic Environments

The analysis of species behavior involving dilute fluid environments has been crucial for the advance of modern solvation thermodynamics through molecular-based formalisms to guide the development of macroscopic regression tools in the description of fluid behavior and correlation of experimental data (Chialvo 2013). Dilute fluid environments involving geologic formations are of great theoretical and practical relevance regardless of the thermodynamic state conditions. The most challenging systems are those involving highly compressible and reactive confined environments, i.e., where small perturbations of pressure and/or temperature can trigger considerable density changes. This in turn can alter significantly the species solvation, their preferential solvation, and consequently, their reactivity with one another and with the surrounding mineral surfaces whose outcome is the modification of the substrate porosity and permeability, and ultimately, the integrity of the mineral substrates. Considering that changes in porosity and permeability resulting from dissolution and precipitation phenomena in confined environments are at the core of the aqueous CO2-mineral interactions, and that caprock integrity (e.g., sealing capacity) depends on these key parameters, it is imperative to gain fundamental understanding of the mineral-fluid interfacial phenomena and fluid-fluid equilibria under mineral confinement at subsurface conditions. In order to understand the potential effects of acid gases as contaminants of supercritical CO2 streams, in the next section we will discuss the thermodynamic behavior of CO2 fluid systems by addressing two crucial issues in the context of carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) technologies: (i) Why should we consider (acid gas) CO2 impurities? and (ii) Why are CO2 fluid - mineral interactions of paramount relevance? ### Background on flue gas sources, composition, and CO2 - acid gases co-injection The control of anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions in the atmosphere by means of their capture and sequestration in deep geological reservoirs has emerged as a potential technology for the middle- to long-term mitigation of the greenhouse effect …
Recurrent Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Critical Analysis Review

Most patients (>90%) will have continued or recurrent symptoms after primary cubital tunnel release. Those patients with severe preoperative findings are at a higher risk of failure. Failed primary surgery may be due to diagnostic, technical, or biologic factors. Revision surgical interventions can provide relief, but there is no consensus on what is the optimal technique. The options for revision surgery include simple neurolysis, neurolysis with subcutaneous transposition, and neurolysis with submuscular transposition. Autogenous (vein) and non-autogenous nerve wraps may be placed around the nerve to prevent cicatrix reformation.
DNA Microarray Data Filling Based on Extreme Learning Machine Ridge Regression

In recent years,with the rapid development of DNA microarray technology in biology,microarray data has been widely used to extract biological information with high efficiency. But there are many missing values in gene expression data,due to some objective factors in the microarray experiments. The traditional methods of filling the missing data did not consider the correlations among microarray data. We propose an ELM ridge regression method to fill the missing data in DNA microarray. We not only consider the correlations among microarray data,but also resolve the multicollinearity problem in the ELM feedforward neural networks. Moreover,in order to improve the effect of the data filling,the generalized cross-validation algorithm is used to determine the optimal ridge parameter. Finally,we conduct a series of experiments with the real data sets. By using the mean squared error as the evaluation criteria,we validate the algorithm and compare the results with the related algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithm for filling the missing data in DNA microarray has a higher recovery rate.
Common Threads: Reflective Practice Connecting Medical Genetics Concepts Across an Integrated Curriculum

The use of a brief in-class reflective writing exercise tied to patient sessions is described as a means to connect medical genetics content across an integrated curriculum and foster the moral and intellectual growth of the medical students.
Thanks for Sharing: CS Pedagogical Content Knowledge Sharing in Online Environments

Programs such as CS10K and CS for All in the United States seek to increase the number of CS teachers and provide training to them, highlighting the need to understand how best to support teachers at disadvantaged schools. Compared with teachers at larger or more affluent schools, they are less likely to gain CS pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) through methods such as face to face conversations, attending conferences, or observing a colleague's class. However CS PCK is necessary for successful teaching and learning, and research has shown that teachers want opportunities to engage in reflective practice with peers. Thus teachers at underserved or isolated schools must rely on other methods to discuss and share CS PCK. We explore this problem by examining the current landscape of online resources used for this purpose. Data was collected from two online communication fora---one with lightly moderated content devoted to general CS education matters, and one with highly curated content devoted entirely to CS PCK. We analyze the strengths and weaknesses of both fora, and synthesize our results by examining design recommendations for an online CS PCK resource that would capture the benefits of both environments.
Curricular reform at Willamette University

In August 2014 Willamette University began offering a new economics curriculum. The purpose of this paper is to describe it in more detail and explain our rationale for adopting it. Key changes include commitments to: begin with economic issues that motivate questions for analysis; incorporate the history of economic thought in a systematic way; and embrace explicit pluralism. We argue that designing an explicitly pluralist curriculum requires determining how to organise economic thought, how to structure the curriculum to embed pluralism, and how to embody pluralism in the core courses. Our approach to pluralism organises economic thought according to a 'grand traditions' approach and is fully integrated into the curriculum, developing multiple perspectives side-by-side in each course. We argue that these reforms will help us better prepare students for independent, critical inquiry into economic issues.
1H, 15N, and 13C resonance assignments of the third domain from the S. aureus innate immune evasion protein Eap.

Staphylococcus aureus is a widespread and persistent pathogen of humans and livestock. The bacterium expresses a wide variety of virulence proteins, many of which serve to disrupt the host's innate immune system from recognizing and clearing bacteria with optimal efficiency. The extracellular adherence protein (Eap) is a multidomain protein that participates in various protein-protein interactions that inhibit the innate immune response, including both the complement system (Woehl et al in J Immunol 193:6161-6171, 2014) and Neutrophil Serine Proteases (NSPs) (Stapels et al in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111:13187-13192, 2014). The third domain of Eap, Eap3, is an ~ 11 kDa protein that was recently shown to bind complement component C4b (Woehl et al in Protein Sci 26:1595-1608, 2017) and therefore play an essential role in inhibiting the classical and lectin pathways of complement (Woehl et al in J Immunol 193:6161-6171, 2014). Since structural characterization of Eap3 is still incomplete, we acquired a series of 2D and 3D NMR spectra of Eap3 in solution. Here we report the backbone and side-chain 1H, 15N, and 13C resonance assignments of Eap3 and its predicted secondary structure via the TALOS-N server. The assignment data have been deposited in the BMRB data bank under accession number 27087.
Slavery and the Rise of Peasantries

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the peasantry as process rather than as a typological category. In improving one's understanding of the post-slavery peasantries, two processes will have to be dealt with—two intersecting and chronologically overlapping processes, which take for granted the internal differentiation of each planter group. One such process is the struggle to contain and to supplement the labor power of the potential peasantry; the other is the movement toward technical improvement, based on the pace of scientific achievement and on availabilities of intensified capital inputs. The two processes may occur as between say, big planters and small, or (what may be simply a different way of saying the same thing) as between old planters and new. They may reveal themselves in one region of a colony or in the whole colony; as between planters in one colony (Barbados) and another (Jamaica) of the same power; as between one planter group (such as, English) and another (Spanish, or French); or even as between the Caribbean region and other regions. At each such level of competition, the relevant forces are somewhat different; at each such level, the question as to the relationship between local productive arrangements and the world economy is precisely what must be investigated and tested.
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

FDMA (frequency division multiple access) is the oldest communication technique used in broadcasting, land-mobile two-way radio, etc. It begins with a band of frequencies, which is allocated by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission). This band of frequency is further divided into several narrow bands of frequencies, where each frequency, also known as channel, is used for full-duplex communication. The communication link is maintained in both directions, either in the frequency domain or in the time domain. This is governed by two basic modes of operations known as the Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). These topics, along with FDMA spectrum management and its attributes, are presented in this chapter.
Proceedings of the 28th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics

This volume contains the papers presented at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.Our invited speakers always add a special sparkle to our meetings, so I would like to personally applaud Lila Gleitman from the University of Pennsylvania and Fred Jelinek from the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center.
Evaluation of the host immune response and functional recovery in peripheral nerve autografts and allografts.

Abstract Allogeneic peripheral nerve (PN) transplants are an effective bridge for stimulating regeneration of segmental PN defects, but there are currently no detailed studies about the timeline and scope of the immunological response for PN allografting. In this study, the cellular immune response in PN allografts and autograft was studied during the acute and chronic phases of a 1.0 cm critical size defect in the rat sciatic nerve at 3, 7, 14, 28 and 98 days after grafting autologous or allogeneic nerves without any immunosuppressive treatment. The assessment was based on functional, histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical criteria. Results showed modestly better functional outcomes for autografts with coordinate and adaptive immune response represented by the presence of CD11c, CD3, CD4, NKp46 and CD8 cells at 3 days, CD45R positive cells and CD25 positive cells at seven and CD45R positive cells at 14 days which seems an adaptive immune response. In contrast, allograft in the early time points showed innate immune response instead of adaptive immune response until day 14, when there was some increase in cell-mediated immunity. In conclusion, in PN autografts the immune system is synchronic initiating with a more robust early innate response that more rapidly transitions to adaptive while for PN allografts the infiltration of immune cells is slower and more gradually progresses to a moderate adaptive response.
Selenium Drives a Transcriptional Adaptive Program to Block Ferroptosis and Treat Stroke.

Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death, is triggered by oxidative stress in cancer, heat stress in plants, and hemorrhagic stroke. A homeostatic transcriptional response to ferroptotic stimuli is unknown. We show that neurons respond to ferroptotic stimuli by induction of selenoproteins, including antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Pharmacological selenium (Se) augments GPX4 and other genes in this transcriptional program, the selenome, via coordinated activation of the transcription factors TFAP2c and Sp1 to protect neurons. Remarkably, a single dose of Se delivered into the brain drives antioxidant GPX4 expression, protects neurons, and improves behavior in a hemorrhagic stroke model. Altogether, we show that pharmacological Se supplementation effectively inhibits GPX4-dependent ferroptotic death as well as cell death induced by excitotoxicity or ER stress, which are GPX4 independent. Systemic administration of a brain-penetrant selenopeptide activates homeostatic transcription to inhibit cell death and improves function when delivered after hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke.
The Kinase-Dependent and Independent Functions of Cdk4 and Cdk6 Regulate Continuous Proliferation and the Exit From Quiescence Differently

Cdk4 and cdk6 have long been considered functional homologues, despite the fact that tissue-specific differences are detected in the single cdk4 or cdk6 knockout animals. To explore the role of cdk4 and cdk6 in the same model system, we overexpressed variants of cdk4 and cdk6 in Mv1Lu cells to determine their effect on cell cycle progression. We found that cells that overexpressed cdk4 were able to reenter the cell cycle from a contact arrested quiescent state in a kinase-dependent fashion, consistent with the role of this kinase in G0-G1 phase exit. However, we also found that expression of catalytically inactive variants of cdk6 accelerated G0 release, enabled the cell to overcome TGF-β-mediated growth arrest, proliferate in the absence of cyclin D-associated kinase activity and maintain cdk2 activity, while cells expressing catalytically inactive cdk4 were not. This suggested that cdk6 expression was able to affect cell cycle progression in a kinase-independent manner that was distinct from the actions of cdk4. Cdk4 appears unable to associate with cyclin D in the absence of a required assembly factor, such as p27Kip1, but, by gel filtration chromatography, we detected the presence of a previously unidentified, catalytically inactive cyclin D-cdk6 dimer, which might contribute to the kinase-independent, pro-proliferative activity of cdk6.
Associations between cerebrospinal fluid total phosphatidylcholines, neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and risk of mild cognitive impairment in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging

Abstract It is unclear whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphatidylcholines (PCs) are associated with neuroimaging measures of amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration (glucose metabolism, cortical thickness, and hippocampal volume), cognitive decline, or risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among cognitively unimpaired older adults. This study investigated the associations of 19 individual CSF PC concentrations and their total sum with cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration, global and domain-specific cognitive z-scores, and risk of MCI among 655 cognitively unimpaired participants, mean age of 71 years, enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Neither the CSF total PC concentration nor individual CSF PCs were cross-sectionally or longitudinally associated with neuroimaging measures, cognition, or risk of MCI.
Relationship Between Motor Skills, Balance, and Physical Activity in Children with CHARGE Syndrome:

Introduction:Children with CHARGE syndrome often show delays in balance and motor skills due to multisensory impairments. Research also suggests that children with CHARGE syndrome have fewer opport...
An Examination of Compound Flood Hazard Zones for Past, Present, and Future Low-Gradient Coastal Land-Margins

Recent events worldwide demonstrate how coastal communities of integrated natural and human systems are exposed to hydrological and coastal flooding processes. Standard flood hazard assessment practices account independently for rainfall-runoff, tides, storm surge flooding and not the nonlinear combination commonly defined as compound flooding. This research evaluates compound flood hazard zones for past, present, and future (c. 1890 – 2090) conditions of the Mississippi River Delta Plain (MRDP). The MRDP provides a low-gradient coastal land-margin representing similar landscapes around the world that are experiencing relative sea-level rise and serves as a warning beacon for our coastal settlements. A set of plausible synthetic storms and rainfall events, which account for antecedent rainfall-runoff, tropical cyclone-driven rainfall, and tropical cyclone-driven surge, are employed in a tide and surge hydrodynamic model that integrates rain over the mesh. This study demonstrates the evolution of the compound flood hazard zones from the 1890s, before major western settlement and alterations to the Mississippi River and deltaic system, to the present day and out to 2090. Furthermore, near-future projections of the compound flood hazard zones suggest that the coastal flood zone will suffer the most significant changes in coverage area due to a combination of increasing eustatic sea-level rise, high-frequency flood events, and alterations to the coastal land-margin. Our results emphasize the need to establish evolution trends of compound flood hazard zones to enable more descriptive future projections under a changing climate. Such projections will aid policy-makers, stakeholders, and authorities as they pursue enhanced coastal resilience to compound flooding.
Refraction and Attenuation in the Troposphere

The sections in this article are 1 Refractive Effects 2 Gaseous Absorption 3 Rain Attenuation 4 Depolarization 5 Attenuation Due to Clouds and Fog 6 Attenuation Effects on Infrared and Visible Light
Computing equilibria in a fisher market with linear single-constraint production units

We study the problem of computing equilibrium prices in a Fisher market with linear utilities and linear single-constraint production units. This setting naturally appears in ad pricing where the sum of the lengths of the displayed ads is constrained not to exceed the available ad space. There are three approaches to solve market equilibrium problems: convex programming, auction-based algorithms, and primal-dual. Jain, Vazirani, and Ye recently proposed a solution using convex programming for the problem with an arbitrary number of production constraints. A recent paper by Kapoor, Mehta, and Vazirani proposes an auction-based solution. No primal-dual algorithm is proposed for this problem. In this paper we propose a simple reduction from this problem to the classical Fisher setting with linear utilities and without any production units. Our reduction not only imports the primal-dual algorithm of Devanur et al. to the single-constraint production setting, but also: i) imports other simple algorithms, like the auction-based algorithm of Garg and Kapoor, thereby providing a simple insight behind the recent sophisticated algorithm of Kapoor, Mehta, and Vazirani, and ii) imports all the nice properties of the Fisher setting, for example, the existence of an equilibrium in rational numbers, and the uniqueness of the utilities of the agents at the equilibrium.
Balancing deformability and discriminability for shape matching

We propose a novel framework, aspect space, to balance deformability and discriminability, which are often two competing factors in shape and image representations. In this framework, an object is embedded as a surface in a higher dimensional space with a parameter named aspect weight, which controls the importance of intensity in the embedding. We show that this framework naturally unifies existing important shape and image representations by adjusting the aspect weight and the embedding. More importantly, we find that the aspect weight implicitly controls the degree to which a representation handles deformation. Based on this idea, we present the aspect shape context, which extends shape context-based descriptors and adaptively selects the "best" aspect weight for shape comparison. Another observation we have is the proposed descriptor nicely fits context-sensitive shape retrieval. The proposed methods are evaluated on two public datasets, MPEG7-CE-Shape-1 and Tari 1000, in comparison to state-of-the-art solutions. In the standard shape retrieval experiment using the MPEG7 CE-Shape-1 database, the new descriptor with context information achieves a bull's eye score of 95.96%, which surpassed all previous results. In the Tari 1000 dataset, our methods significantly outperform previous tested methods as well.
A primary melanocarcinoma of the cervix.

Abstract A 39-year-old, white woman with a primary melanocarcinoma of the cervix is reported. She survived for 14 years. The literature has been reviewed, and 8 other identical malignancies of the cervix have been reported. Diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for melanocarcinoma are discussed.
Acoustically-Equipped Ocean Gliders for Environmental and Oceanographic Research

Abstract : The long-term goal of this project is to establish acoustically-equipped gliders for use in research on marine mammal occurrence and behavior. The instruments purchased with this grant will significantly enhance our DoD-funded work, including both currently-funded research and proposed research.
Integrating Economic and Sociological Approaches to International Relations? A Classic Methodological Puzzle and Logics of Synthesis

Our paper is motivated by the rationalism/constructivism contrast in the International Relations (IR) field. By reinterpreting this contrast we seek to redirect reflection about theoretical synthesis in the field. Our argument has four steps. First, we introduce a broader intellectual setting for the rationalism/constructivism contrast by situating it as a contemporary iteration of the economic/sociological contrast classically articulated throughout the history of the modern social sciences. Second, we pragmatically give concrete content to each side of this contrast in relation to recent IR. Engagement with Weber and Parsons helps us to subdivide the economic side into parametric vs. strategic variants, and the sociological in terms of traditional vs. value-rational action. Third, we argue that synthesis of economic and sociological approaches is both viable and desirable in concrete studies of strategic interaction. Fourth, to conclude, we compare our argument to recent efforts to promote analytic eclecticism in political science.
Oxidative reactions of nitriles—II : Reactions with tert.-butyl hydroperoxide

Abstract Diphenyl-, cyclohexylphenyl- and methylphenyl-acetonitrile react with tert.-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of cuprous ions at 80°. By this means, α-tert.-butylperoxydiphenyl-, α-tert.-butylperoxyphenylcyclohexyl- and α-tert.-butylperoxymethylphenyl-acetonitrile, respectively, were obtained in good to excellent yields. Under similar expeirmental conditions, phenylacetonitrile gave oxygen, benzoic acid, tert.-butyl benzoate and tert.-butyl perbenzoate. In the absence of copper catalyst little reaction was observed. Dimethylacetonitrile did not react with tert.-butyl hydroperoxide in the absence of copper catalyst at 80°; in the presence of cuprous ions, however, it catalyzed the decomposition of the hydroperoxide to give oxygen in quantitative yield.
Incremental Transfer Effectiveness of a Ground-Based General Aviation Trainer

Link trainers and similar synthetic flight-training devices have been used with varying effectiveness since before World War II. Currently available ground-based flight trainers differ widely in their degree and fidelity of simulation and in their associated costs. To provide a rational basis for trainer procurement, a method of assessing their cost effectiveness is needed.An experiment was conducted to establish the incremental transfer effectiveness of a representative ground-based general aviation trainer to serve as a basis for the evaluation of its incremental cost effectiveness. Four groups of student pilots were given, respectively, 0, 3, 7, and 11 hours of instruction in the Link GAT-1 concurrently with flight instruction in the Piper Cherokee airplane. Average flight times for the four groups to reach the private pilot criterion reflected the postulated negatively decelerated nature of the incremental transfer effectiveness function.
In Brief: Observing the Sun from a giant balloon

A solar telescope, borne by a balloon larger than a Boeing 747, was successfully launched to an altitude of 120,000 feet, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) announced on 23 October. NCAR, working with a team of research partners, indicated that the test clears the way for long-duration polar balloon flights beginning in 2009 to capture unprecedented details of the Sun's surface. “We hope to unlock important mysteries about the Sun's magnetic field structures, which at times can cause electromagnetic storms in our upper atmosphere and may have an impact on Earth's climate,” said Michael Knolker, director of NCAR's High Altitude Observatory and a principal investigator on the project known as Sunrise. “This is a very economical way of rising above the atmosphere and capturing images that cannot be captured from Earth.”
Effect of temperature on the electron attachment and detachment properties of c-C 4 F 6

The temperature dependence of the low-energy electron attachment and autodetachment processes for c-C4F6 in a N2 buffer gas has been studied in the temperature, T, range of 300 to 600 K and the mean electron energy, , range from 0.19 to 1.0 eV. The low-energy electron attachment rate constant for c-C4F6 shows only a slight dependence on gas temperature. In contrast, the autodetachment frequency increases by more than four orders of magnitude when T is increased from 300 to 600 K. This increase in autodetachment is due to the increase in the internal energy content of the c-C4F6 - anion with increasing T. The autodetachment process under consideration is a heat-activated process and has an activation energy E* of 0.24 eV. The significance of these results to gaseous dielectrics is indicated.
Pharmacometrics and Tuberculosis

There are very few effective tuberculosis (TB) drugs available, and for active disease, they must be used in combinations of four or more drugs and for many months. Treatment guidelines are very helpful, and include considerable empiric evidence. However, lacking from the guidelines are regimens based upon optimized pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). Thus, the standard “short-course” regimen using 2 months of four drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) followed by four months of two drugs (isoniazid, rifampin) does not represent an optimized regimen. It simply represents the best empiric regimen tested to date. Improvements in current treatment can be based on leveraging PK and PD to get the most out of each drug. Next, accounting for individual variability through the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) allows the clinician to achieve the desired drug exposures in each patient, maximizing the patients’ opportunity for successful therapy.
Simulation of phase modulation in cascaded Kerr birefringent fibers

Simulation results are presented for the accumulated phase change in cascaded Kerr phase modulators. The results indicate higher phase modulation for multistage cascaded structures. A scaling scheme for applied optical power that leads to optimum phase modulation is also given for these structures. Cascaded configuration of Kerr modulators can be used for implementing low-power optical switching and amplification.
Observation of normal-mode splitting for an atom in an optical cavity.

An investigation of the spectral response of a small collection of two-state atoms strongly coupled to the field of a high-finesse optical resonator is described for mean number N¯≤10 atoms. For weak excitation, a coupling-induced normal-mode splitting is observed even for one intracavity atom, representing a direct spectroscopic measurement of the so-called vacuum Rabi splitting for the atom-cavity system.
Dynamic Response Modeling of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motors

Piezoelectric ultrasonic motors (PUMs) fill a unique niche in mechatronic actuators. The motors are lightweight, simple, and reliable, containing a single moving part that provides the function of motor, transmission, and brake. They are ideal for a variety of robotic applications as well as commercial and medical applications. In order to exploit PUMs fully, computationally efficient models of dynamic response, capturing all important dynamics, are needed. This paper describes the experimental characterization of the dynamic response of a typical commercial PUM (Shinsei USR-30) using an inertial load and evaluation of three classes of dynamic models: second-order predictive (physics-based) models, algebraic (curve fitting) descriptive models, and neural network approximation.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Neural volleying: upper frequency limits detectable in the auditory system.

THE discovery that nerve fibres exhibit a refractory period which limits the number of impulses produced in a given time dealt a death blow to early ‘telephone’ theories, which postulated that information concerning the frequency of a tone (or a Fourier component of a complex sound) was faithfully reproduced by the rate of discharge of an individual fibre. Simple ‘telephone’ theories of neural encoding of pitch were replaced by ‘volley’ theories1 in which stimulus frequency was encoded in the auditory nerve as a whole. According to ‘volley’ theory, different fibres firing at sub-multiples of the stimulating frequency produce a composite discharge that faithfully reproduces the frequency of the stimulating wave-form.
Thymosin alpha 1 modulates the expression of high affinity interleukin-2 receptors on normal human lymphocytes.

Abstract In this report we demonstrate that thymosin alpha 1 (T α 1 ), a synthetic peptide composed of 28 amino acid residues, and thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) enhance the number of high affinity interleukin 2 receptors (IL-2R) expressed by human peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to in vitro stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Thymosins did not, however, alter the affinity of the IL-2R for its ligand. Dose-response studies using a wide range of concentrations indicated a bimodal distribution of responsiveness to T α 1 . In most experiments the high and low concentration peaks of activity were observed at 10 −8 M and 10 −12 M, respectively, although peak responses were observed at different T α 1 concentrations in different donors. No effects were elicited by thymosins in the absence of mitogenic stimulation. Thymosin enhancement of PHA-induced high affinity IL-2R expression directly correlated with increased levels of Tac antigen expression, as determined by flow cytometry, and enhanced interleukin 2 (IL-2) production. Since the biological effects of IL-2 are associated with the occupancy of high affinity IL-2R, the findings presented in this report strongly suggest that thymosins play a significant role in the regulation of immune responses through the modulation of high affinity IL-2R expression.
Interaction Effects of Information Technologies and Best Practices on Construction Project Performance

AbstractBuilding from considerable empirical research in the general business literature, this paper quantitatively explores the view that the benefits of information technologies manifest themselves through improvement in work processes. In turn, better work processes lead to increased project performance. Using an overall sample of 133 projects (missing data make specific correlation sample sizes smaller) from the Construction Industry Institute Benchmarking and Metrics database, this paper analyzes correlations between technology use and integration, best practices, and project performance measured with cost, schedule, and rework metrics. Data are also used to assess the complementary interaction between technology use, work processes as measured by best practices, and performance. The findings show that there are limited significant beneficial correlations between information technology use and performance, slightly more significant beneficial correlations between best practice use and performance, an...
A Teacher Perspective

Anthropologists have adopted as an article of faith the paternalistic premise that changing people is wrong. It is, therefore, scarcely surprising that their efforts have been directed toward explaining why children cannot be expected to change. The business of education, however, is to alter perceptions. What we need to understand is that the more successful we are, the more pain we are going to cause. We believe the concomitant joy is worth it; what we need to find out is how to make that notion convincing to children who find life already sufficiently painful.
Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Related to Aortic Elongation

An 80-year-old woman presented with progressive shortness of breath. There was no history of pulmonary or cardiac disease. Results of a physical examination were normal. She had significant oxygen desaturation while she was in an upright position. Admission to the hospital for workup followed, and evaluation included tilt-table transesophageal echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization. A massive right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale was detected, and surgical intervention resulted in dramatic improvement of symptoms. In this patient, it seems that the syndrome of platypnea-orthodeoxia was related to aortic elongation, allowing significant right-to-left shunt.
ISI-KDD: SIGKDD workshop on intelligence and security informatics 2010

Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI) is concerned with the study of the development and use of advanced information technologies and systems for national, international, and societal security-related applications. ISI is an interdisciplinary research field involving academic researchers in information technologies, computer science, public policy, bioinformatics, medical informatics, and social and behavior studies as well as local, state, and federal law enforcement and intelligence experts, and information technology industry consultants and practitioners to support counterterrorism and homeland security missions of anticipation, interdiction, prevention, preparedness and response to terrorist acts. ISI events were started in 2003. The events included the annual IEEE International Conference on ISI, Pacific Asia Workshop on ISI (PAISI), and European ISI Conference. Since 2009, we started the ISI-KDD workshop. More details about the ISI events can be found at http://www.isiconference.org/.
Development of a Hydrodynamic Optimization Tool for Stall-Regulated Hydrokinetic Turbine Rotors

This paper describes the adaptation of a wind turbine performance code for use in the development of a general use design tool and optimization method for stall-regulated horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbine rotors. The rotor optimization tool couples a modern genetic algorithm and blade-element momentum performance code in a user friendly graphical-user-interface that efficiently automates the arduous design process for stall-regulated rotors. This optimization method calculates the optimal chord, twist, and hydrofoil distributions which maximize the hydrodynamic efficiency while ensuring that the rotor exhibits power regulation via hydrodynamic stall and avoids cavitation. Optimizing a rotor for maximum hydrodynamic efficiency does not necessarily create a turbine with the lowest cost of energy, but maximizing the efficiency is an excellent criterion to use as a first pass in the design process. With satisfactory results, two conceptual rotors were designed to test the capabilities of this optimization method.© 2009 ASME
Neuroprotection of Spinal Motoneurons Following Targeted Transduction with an Adenoviral Vector Carrying the Gene for Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Abstract Application of neurotrophic factors (NFs) to the cut stump of peripheral nerves confers transient (1- to 2-week) neuroprotection of motoneurons from axotomy-induced death in neonates. We tested whether lumbar spinal motoneurons would be protected from axotomy-induced death when they were genetically modified to produce NFsin situ. Adenoviral (Adv) vectors carrying neurotrophic factor genes under control of the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter (Adv.RSV-nf) or a control vector containing the β-galactosidase (β-gal) gene (Adv.RSV-βgal) was injected into the hindlimb muscles of neonatal rats. The Adv were taken up by peripheral nerves and transported to lumbar spinal cord motoneurons where the transgenes were expressed. A fraction (18%) of the motoneurons that projected through the sciatic nerve were transduced with Adv.RSV-βgal. Expression of Adv.RSV-βgal was detected in motoneurons after 7 days and 3 weeks, with no evidence of vector- or β-gal-induced toxicity or inflammation. PCR, immunocytochemistry, and RT-PCR demonstrated transport of the Adv.RSV-nfvectors to motoneurons and their expression. After retrograde transport of an Adv.RSV-nfvector carrying the gene for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, a substantial proportion of the sciatic nerve motoneurons were resistant to axotomy-induced death 7 days and 3 weeks after sciatic nerve transection (56 and 44%, respectively), compared to Adv.RSV-βgal controls (2.5 and 0%, respectively).
THE REPUBLICAN FENCE: THE USE OF “PLACE” REGULATIONS AT THE 1984 REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION

(1986). THE REPUBLICAN FENCE: THE USE OF “PLACE” REGULATIONS AT THE 1984 REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 36-50.
Dispositional Inferences of Ability: Content and Process

Abstract The research investigated the process by which trait-behavior expectations guide perceivers' dispositional inferences of ability (Reeder & Brewer, 1979). In Study 1 perceivers were placed under different levels of cognitive load as they processed information about a target person's performance and its situational context. Inferences of ability, response time, and recall for the situation were measured. The results suggest that (1) trait-behavior expectations play a role at the correction stage of dispositional inference, rather than at an earlier stage of processing; (2) the correction stage involves several operations, including the rehearsal of situational information; and (3) under low load, perceivers process situational information at a deep level, even when they draw behavior-corresponding trait inferences. Study 2 used a different procedure and helped to rule out several alternative interpretations for the pattern of dispositional inferences observed earlier.
Distinct profile of working memory errors following acute or chronic disruption of the cholinergic septohippocampal pathway.

The behavioral effects of two amnestic treatments (intraseptal chlordiazepoxide (CDP) and intraventricular AF64A) were examined in a delayed-nonmatch-to-sample radial-arm maze (DNMTS) paradigm. The types of errors induced by these treatments in this working memory task were assessed to determine how acute and chronic disruptions of the medial septum affect different phases of working memory (encoding, maintenance, retrieval). Rats were initially trained to perform the DNMTS task with a 1-h delay imposed between the training and the testing sessions. The first experiment demonstrated that intraseptal injection of 30 nmoles of CDP did not produce state-dependent learning. Rats were injected immediately following training with CDP or artificial cerobrospinal fluid (CSF; drug vehicle) and then prior to testing with CDP or CSF. Injection of CDP immediately following training (CDP–CSF) impaired performance of the task regardless of whether CDP was also administered before the postdelay test (CDP–CDP). Rats infused with CDP only before the postdelay test (CSF–CDP) exhibited a proactive deficit characterized by intact retention of the predelay information (i.e., arms entered prior to the delay) but impaired performance on the postdelay component (arms entered only after the delay). These data indicate: (i) that state dependency does not explain the working memory deficits induced by intraseptal CDP; (ii) that pretest CDP disrupts the storage and utilization of working memory for current arm selections. The second experiment examined the behavioral effects induced by a permanent disruption of the cholinergic septohippocampal pathway produced by icv injection of the cholinotoxin AF64A. Rats were initially trained on the DNMTS task and then bilaterally injected icv with either AF64A (2.5 nmoles/side) or CSF. AF64A-treated rats exhibited a significant impairment of performance compared to CSF-treated controls. In contrast to the impairment exhibited by CDP-treated rats in Experiment 1, the performance of AF64A-treated rats displayed a deficit in the maintenance/retrieval of information acquired during RAM trainingandan impairment in ability to store current spatial information in working memory to guide postdelay testing performance. These studies demonstrate that acute and chronic disruptions of the septohippocampal pathway produce distinct profiles of cognitive impairment that should help to reveal the behavioral and neurobiological characteristics of spatial memory.
Structure-based inhibitor design by using protein models for the development of antiparasitic agents.

Abstract The lack of an experimentally determined structure of a target protein frequently limits the application of structure-based drug design methods. In an effort to overcome this limitation, we have investigated the use of computer model-built structures for the identification of previously unknown inhibitors of enzymes from two major protease families, serine and cysteine proteases. We have successfully used our model-built structures to identify computationally and to confirm experimentally the activity of nonpeptidic inhibitors directed against important enzymes in the schistosome [2-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-1-naphthoic acid, Ki = 3 microM] and malaria (oxalic bis[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene)hydrazide], IC50 = 6 microM) parasite life cycles.
Ion Channels — Basic Science and Clinical Disease

Ion channels constitute a class of proteins that is ultimately responsible for generating and orchestrating the electrical signals passing through the thinking brain, the beating heart, and the con...
Renal concentration defect following nonoliguric acute renal failure in the rat

Renal concentration defect following nonoliguric acute renal failure in the rat. The mechanism of impaired renal concentrating ability following nonoliguric ischemic acute renal failure was studied in the rat. Fiftymin of complete occlusion of the renal artery and vein with contralateral nephrectomy resulted in reversible, nonoliguric acute renal failure. Eight days following induction of acute renal failure, a defect in 30hr dehydration urine osmolality was present when experimental animals were compared with uninephrectomized controls (1,425 ± 166 versus 2,267 ± 127 mOsm/kg water respectively, P 2 in experimental animals and a failure of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition with 10 mg/kg of indomethacin to improve dehydration urine osmolality suggested that prostaglandin E 2 antagonism of vasopressin action did not contribute to the concentration defect. Postdehydration inner medullary (papillary) interstitial tonicity was significantly reduced in experimental animals versus controls (870 ± 85 versus 1,499 ± 87 mOsm/kg water respectively, P Defaut de concentration apres insuffisance renale aigue a diurese conservee chez le rat. Le mecanisme du defaut de concentration renale apres insuffisance renale aigue ischemique a diurese conservee etait etudie, chez le rat. Une insuffisance renale aigue a diurese conservee reversible a ete induite par une occlusion totale durant 50min de l'artere et de la veine renales, avec nephrectomie contro-laterale. Huit jours apres l'induction de l'insuffisance renale aigue, l'osmolarite urinaire apres 30hr de deshydratation etait plus faible chez les animaux experimentaux que chez les controles uninephrectomises (1420 ± 166 contre 2267 ± 127 mOsm/kg l'eau respectivement, P 2 sur l'action de la vasopressine n'est pas a l'origine du defaut de concentration. Apres deshydratation, la tonicite interstitielle de la medullaire interne (papille) etait significativement diminuee chez les animaux experimentaux par rapport aux controles (870 ± 85 contre 1499 ± 87 mOsm/kg l'eau, P
Relationships Between Total and Non-Recoverable Strain Fields in Glenohumeral Capsule During Shoulder Subluxation

Non-recoverable strain in the glenohumeral capsule is of prime clinical significance, but the factors that contribute to non-recoverable strain are largely unknown. This study examined the relationship between total and non-recoverable strain in the antero-inferior glenohumeral capsule using an experimental model. Maximum principal total strain alone explained up to 35% of the variance in non-recoverable strain. A multiple regression model, including variables for lateral position and specimen, explained 50% of the variance in non-recoverable strain. Both linear and quadratic terms for maximum principal total strain were significant predictors of non-recoverable strain. The correlation of total and non-recoverable strain directions exhibited a slope of nearly 1:1. The regression model showed that non-recoverable strain is likely to be low for small levels of total strain, and increase non-linearly with total strain. Non-recoverable strain tended to be higher closer to the glenoid, even when controlling for total strain. Minimum principal total strain was not a significant predictor of non-recoverable strain for the cases examined, indicating that the glenohumeral capsule may demonstrate uniaxial failure behavior even when loaded biaxially. These results are important toward prediction of non-recoverable strain in computational models of glenohumeral subluxation, as well as for theoretical models of ligament failure.
Comparison of Leporid Bones in Raptor Pellets, Raptor Nests, and Archaeological Sites in the Great Basin:

Leporid (cottontail and hare) bones deposited on the landscape in raptor pellets may exhibit more forelimb than hindlimb bones, few complete bones, more subadult than adult bones, and abundant vertebrae. In contrast, raptor nest assemblages may exhibit more tibiae than forelimb bones, few incomplete bones, more adult than subadult bones, and few vertebrae. Approximately 1 to 2 percent of leporid bones deposited in either raptor nests or raptor pellets are likely to exhibit puncture marks. Leporid bone assemblages created by humans in the Great Basin may exhibit large numbers of adult Lepus or adult Sylvilagus tibia diaphysis cylinders, many burned and unidentifiable fragments of bone, few identifiable vertebrae and sacra, and assemblages that consist primarily of adult animals. These data suggest that archaeologists should be able to identify leporid bone assemblages that were created largely or solely by the deposition of raptor pellets, by the deposition of unswallowed bones under raptor nests, or by th...