cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and navigation of autonomous underwater vehicles for submarine gravity surveying

We investigated the effect of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) dynamics and navigation on underway submarine gravimetry. Our research was motivated by the need to obtain spatially dense marine gravity measurements close to the source of subkilometer-scale geologic features in the shallow oceanic crust. Such measurements have been previously obtained, for instance, with piloted submarines and towed sleds; however, the high cost and, in the case of on-bottom measurements, poor spatial sampling preclude routine acquisition of these measurements. Continuous underway gravity surveys with AUVs is a compelling cost-effective option, but this method requires separating the AUV accelerations from the measured gravity. We show that AUVs with a large distance between the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity have lower vertical accelerations than torpedo-shaped AUVs and consequentially are better suited for underway gravity surveys. Furthermore state estimators, which combine sensor measurements and models of the vehicle’s motion, provide superior estimates of the vehicle’s vertical accelerations than methods used in previous underway submarine gravity surveys. We simulated the use of these navigation methods in detecting dike swarms at the East Pacific Rise. Analysis showed that we can shorten filters used in reducing gravity data and consequentially provide improved measurements of the free-water anomaly with a minimal detectable spatial wavelength approximately 65% lower than previously reported results.
Age and anesthetic practice: a regional perspective.

Abstract Study Objective: To obtain information about practitioners' behaviors, perceptions, and perspectives concerning issues related to advancing age and anesthetic practice. Design: Questionnaire survey mailed to 1,208 active and retired American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) members in Northern New England. Topics included hours worked, practice policies, stress level of activities, observed in colleagues and personally perceived errors and problems associated with performance, and plans, preparation, and reasons for retirement. Setting: Practicing respondents worked in academic, community, or federal hospitals, and in ambulatory surgical facilities. Measurements and Main Results: For descriptive analysis, counts and frequency distributions were calculated for each question. Statistical methods were used to test differences across age groups and to identify sources of differences. Approximately 40% of respondents in each age group worked an average work week of 50 to 59 hours. Respondents aged 40 to 49 years worked the longest work weeks and duty periods and were more concerned about liability issues than other age groups. Respondents age 60+ tended to work shorter average and maximum work weeks, although 5% of them continued to work 70- to 79-hour weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in hours worked among men and women. Approximately 20% to 30% of respondents relieved older colleagues of late night or call duties, and asked them to restrict or to stop practice out of concern for patient safety. Night call was equally stressful for all age groups. Economic uncertainty, production pressure, and interpersonal relations were more stressful for younger respondents. In preparation for retirement, shifting away from complex cases and phased reduction in clinical activity were increasingly prevalent with each advancing age group. Important reasons for retirement included attitude changes, physical limitations, and declining health. Conclusions: Despite modest age-associated trends, chronological age per se is not a strong correlate of an individual's practice pattern, behaviors, or perceptions about performance.
Ventricular Conduction Defects in Women

Ventricular conduction defects considered include left bundle branch block (LBBB), isolated right bundle branch block (RBBB), bifascicular block (RBBB with left anterior or left posterior fascicular block (LAFB and LPFB, respectively) and indetermined type ventricular conduction defect (IVCD).
Face and construct validity of a computer-based virtual reality simulator for ERCP.

Background Currently, little evidence supports computer-based simulation for ERCP training. Objective To determine face and construct validity of a computer-based simulator for ERCP and assess its perceived utility as a training tool. Design Novice and expert endoscopists completed 2 simulated ERCP cases by using the GI Mentor II. Setting Virtual Education and Surgical Simulation Laboratory, Medical College of Georgia. Main Outcome Measurements Outcomes included times to complete the procedure, reach the papilla, and use fluoroscopy; attempts to cannulate the papilla, pancreatic duct, and common bile duct; and number of contrast injections and complications. Subjects assessed simulator graphics, procedural accuracy, difficulty, haptics, overall realism, and training potential. Results Only when performance data from cases A and B were combined did the GI Mentor II differentiate novices and experts based on times to complete the procedure, reach the papilla, and use fluoroscopy. Across skill levels, overall opinions were similar regarding graphics (moderately realistic), accuracy (similar to clinical ERCP), difficulty (similar to clinical ERCP), overall realism (moderately realistic), and haptics. Most participants (92%) claimed that the simulator has definite training potential or should be required for training. Limitations Small sample size, single institution. Conclusions The GI Mentor II demonstrated construct validity for ERCP based on select metrics. Most subjects thought that the simulated graphics, procedural accuracy, and overall realism exhibit face validity. Subjects deemed it a useful training tool. Study repetition involving more participants and cases may help confirm results and establish the simulator's ability to differentiate skill levels based on ERCP-specific metrics.
Antepartum fetal heart rate testing

Abstract Antepartum fetal heart rate testing (AFHRT) was utilized in the assessment of fetal status on a large clinical service. The nonstress test (NST) was used as the primary approach. The contraction stress test (CST) was used in the face of persistent nonreactivity. The significance of fetal bradycardia occurring during AFHRT was assessed. Bradycardia was defined as a fetal heart rate (FHR) of 90 bpm or a reduction in FHR of 40 bpm below baseline, for 60 seconds or greater. In a 2-year period, there were 28 cases of bradycardia during 3,754 tests. A total of 24 cases were sent for delivery on the same day while four cases were managed in variable fashion. In 16 cases the tests were classified as nonreactive (abnormal) and the patients were sent for delifery on the same day. There was a 50% incidence of emergency delivery for fetal distress in labor in this group. In eight cases the tests were classified as reactive (normal) and the patients were sent for delivery on the same day. The incidence of fetal distress in labor with emergency delivery was 50%. Five of 10 patients with decreased amniotic fluid volume either on ultrasonic evaluation or by clinical estimation developed fetal distress in labor. There were three cases of congenital anomalies and one case of intrauterine growth retardation which exhibited diminished amniotic fluid. The occurrence of fetal bradycardia during AFHRT denotes a fetus at increased risk of developing fetal distress in labor. This type of test should be considered abnormal and consideration should be given to delivery of the fetus.
Organic Matter Dynamics on the Forest Floor of a Micronesian Mangrove Forest: An Investigation of Species Composition Shifts1

Species composition shifts in mangrove forests may alter organic matter dynamics. The purpose of this study was to predict the effect of species replacements among mangrove trees on organic matter dynamics in a mangrove forest on the island of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia. We were particularly interested in elements of the carbon cycle that affect peat accumulation rates, organic matter exports to the estuary and coral reef systems, and soil microbiology. We compared organic matter production and decomposition rates among three mangrove species that commonly grow in similar hydrogeomorphic settings: Rhizophora apiculata BL, which is selectively harvested; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, which may gradually replace Rhizophora; and Sonneratia alba, which is producing few mature fruits. Sonneratia had significantly higher rates of root production (estimated with ingrowth chambers) than Bruguiera or Rhizophora. Sonneratia foliage had significantly faster decomposition rates and significantly lower lignin:nitrogen ratios than Bruguiera foliage. Live root mass was positively correlated with ingrowth and soil carbon, although soil carbon and ingrowth were not significantly correlated with each other. Humic acid concentrations were significantly higher in Sonneratia rhizospheres than in either Bruguiera or Rhizophora rhizospheres and were positively correlated with root ingrowth. The species changes taking place on Kosrae are likely to result in lower rates of root production and foliage decomposition, and more refractory carbon pools in soil.
Metallocene Catalyzed Ethylene/Alpha Olefin Copolymers Used in Thermoplastic Elastomers

Abstract Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) continue to be a focus of significant research as well as commercial development in the rubber industry since their origin over forty years ago. A wide variety of TPEs exist today. Ethylene copolymer and terpolymer based elastomers continue to play an increasing role in this arena. New ethylene copolymers and terpolymers, based upon metallocene catalysis, have further diversified the TPE portfolio. Compounders are now using these new elastomers as modifiers for existing TPEs as well as the principle elastomer in new TPEs
Cross-Examination Educates Jurors About Missing Control Groups in Scientific Evidence

In 2 experiments, we examined the ability of cross-examination to assist mock jurors with assessing the validity of expert evidence about the reliability of eyewitness identifications presented during an armed robbery trial. Participants watched a simulated robbery trial in which an expert described a study examining the effects of stress on eyewitness memory. In both studies, we varied the study’s internal validity (valid or missing a control group) and whether the cross-examination educated jurors about the study’s validity (scientifically informed or scientifically naive). In Experiment 1, we also manipulated the expert type (adversarial court-appointed, adversarial defense-hired, or inquisitorial court-appointed) and in Experiment 2, we varied court type (adversarial or inquisitorial). Irrespective of expert type or court type, jurors who heard scientifically informed cross-examinations provided lower ratings of scientific validity when the expert’s study was missing an appropriate control group than when it was not missing a control group, suggesting that cross-examination may help educate jurors about at least 1 type of internal validity threat.
A novel ATAC-seq approach reveals lineage-specific reinforcement of the open chromatin landscape via cooperation between BAF and p63

Open chromatin regions are correlated with active regulatory elements in development and are dysregulated in diseases. The BAF (SWI/SNF) complex is essential for development, and has been demonstrated to remodel reconstituted chromatin in vitro and to control the accessibility of a few individual regions in vivo. However, it remains unclear where and how BAF controls the open chromatin landscape to regulate developmental processes, such as human epidermal differentiation. Using a novel “on-plate” ATAC-sequencing approach for profiling open chromatin landscapes with a low number of adherent cells, we demonstrate that the BAF complex is essential for maintaining 11.6 % of open chromatin regions in epidermal differentiation. These BAF-dependent open chromatin regions are highly cell-type-specific and are strongly enriched for binding sites for p63, a master epidermal transcription factor. The DNA sequences of p63 binding sites intrinsically favor nucleosome formation and are inaccessible in other cell types without p63 to prevent ectopic activation. In epidermal cells, BAF and p63 mutually recruit each other to maintain 14,853 open chromatin regions. We further demonstrate that BAF and p63 cooperatively position nucleosomes away from p63 binding sites and recruit transcriptional machinery to control tissue differentiation. BAF displays high specificity in controlling the open chromatin landscape during epidermal differentiation by cooperating with the master transcription factor p63 to maintain lineage-specific open chromatin regions.
Its None Of Your Business Or Is It

Workplace privacy is a growing area of concern for employees, companies, legislatures, and the courts. With increasing pressures to improve productivity and profitability, employers are taking advantage of various methods to monitor and control the activities of their employees – both on and off the job. In addition, improved technology is affecting not only the manner in which employers gather such information, but also the location, time, and way in which employees perform their jobs. A survey was conducted to gather perceptions about whether or not employers should be able to take certain actions or gather certain information in ten specific areas. The results provide insights into the three practices deemed most objectionable as well as the three areas of least concern. Court opinions and the professional literature relating to these topics are reviewed. Finally, the law, literature, and survey results are synthesized to produce a series of practical recommendations to help employers and employees deal with workplace privacy in a legal, practical and constructive manner.
Europe and China in the Global Economy in the Next 50 Years: A Partnership for Global Peace and Stability

With huge debt levels, high unemployment and low growth, it appears that the European economy will continue to stagnate for the foreseeable future. China, on the other hand, has emerged as the largest trading nation in the world and become the second largest economy in the world. China’s economic rise presents a rare opportunity for Europe. However, to fully take advantage of these opportunities, both economies will need to overcome some economic frictions and trade protectionism tendencies.
Extrinsic calibration of an RGB camera to a 3D imaging sonar

The introduction of low-cost RGB-depth (RGB-D) sensors have led to a diversity of algorithms for robust 3D scene reconstruction under controlled settings, but the underwater realization of such algorithms has been hampered by the constrained performance of most RGB-D sensors in water. We explore the possibility of fusing a point cloud generated from a high-frequency, mechanically scanned 3D imaging sonar with visual data from a camera to create a rich 3D representation of objects in the water column. A state-of-the-art algorithm for depth sensor-to-camera registration utilizing concurrent images of spherical targets is adapted, and the resulting alignment is used to combine sonar and visual imagery.
Promoting Professional Counselor Advocacy Through Professional Identity Development Efforts in Counselor Education

ABSTRACTProfessional advocacy is foundational for the development of a counselor’s professional identity. It was also one of the main foci of Dr. Jane E. Myers’s lifetime of leadership and scholarship. Despite its importance, efforts fall behind where they should be, given the evolution of the counseling profession. The authors propose an integration of a Professional Identity Expression model and CSI Advocacy Themes to promote professional advocacy.
Perceived Effectiveness of ‘No Turn on Red’ Traffic Signs

This study examines the rated effectiveness of four designs of a ‘no turn on red’ traffic sign. Three existing designs were taken from the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). A fourth alternative design based on components of the other three signs was created for this study. Participants rated the signs on three characteristics: the likelihood that they would (a) notice, (b) understand, and (c) comply with the sign. They were also asked to rank the signs in order of overall effectiveness and answer several sign-related open-ended questions. The text-only sign was rated lowest on all three characteristics and was most often ranked as the least effective sign. The alternative design with the most elaborate symbol and complete set of words was rated significantly higher than the other three signs on all three characteristics and also ranked as most effective. Potential directions for future research are discussed and signage recommendations are made.
RESPONSE OF NORMAL AND IMMUNE HISTIOCYTES OF VARIOUS ANIMAL SPECIES TO INFECTION BY BRUCELLA MELITENSIS.

SummaryInflammatory-induced peritoneal histiocytes of rabbit, guinea pig and monkey, both normal and immunized, respond to the cytotoxic action of parasitizing brucella within 24 hours. Normal cells undergo about 30% loss whereas immune cells resist completely the cytotoxic action for at least 96 hours and retard intracellular multiplication for at least 144 hours. Cells of rabbits, guinea pigs, and monkeys react alike in these respects. The cellular immunity produced by the Rev I strain of B. melitensis was also operative against virulent B. suis.
Do Health Nongovernmental Organizations Improve Child Mortality

There is an extensive debate pertaining to the ability of health nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to improve health in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluate this debate in this article by examining t...
Effect of Temperature and High Sugar Concentrations on Spore Size of Monilinia Fructicola

When Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey, causal agent of brown rot of stone fruit, is grown at 15 C on potato dextrose agar (PDA) it produces larger spores containing more nuclei per spore (Margosan and Phillips, 1985), that incite larger lesions than spores produced at 25 C on PDA (Phillips, 1982, 1984). Composition of the growth medium may also influence spore size as larger spores are produced on fresh fruit than on PDA (Margosan and Phillips, 1985; Phillips, 1982). In preliminary tests that evaluated components of peach fruit, glucose concentrations above 20 g/L influenced spore volume (Phillips and Margosan, 1985). Monilinia fructicola can metabolize a variety of common sugars (Bryde and Willetts, 1977; Moline and Gross, 1984). This paper reports the change of spore volume of M. fructicola produced at 15 or 25 C on various concentrations of glucose, fructose, mannose, or sucrose in a defined medium.
Frustration, competing responses, and error making

The effects of competing responses on performance were examined in a simple T-maze where the number of competing responses inherent to the apparatus and situation were minimal, but where their occurrence could be manipulated. Following reversal training, Ss were frustrated just prior to the choice point of the T-maze. The results supported the prediction that frustrative nonreward would increase the general drive level which would, in turn, lead to greater frequency of choice errors.
Cuba, Labor, and Change:

Labor has played a significant role in Cuba's past, but this country's labor movement has been largely unremembered and understudied since the revolution in 1959. Yet there was a time when a strong...
Levels of Antibiotics in the Intestinal Tract of Chicks Fed Bacitracin and Penicillin

Abstract BARE et al. (1964a) reported that antibiotic assays of the intestinal contents of chicks fed a bacitracin-penicillin mixture, with and without uric acid, showed rapid penicillin inactivation in the tract but persistence of the bacitracin. This report concerns the levels of antibiotics in the intestinal tract of chicks fed diets containing bacitracin and penicillin alone and in combination. EXPERIMENTAL Day-old male chicks (Vantress×Arbor Acre) received from a local hatchery were distributed randomly into groups of 40 chicks each. Each chick was wing-banded and weighed at weekly intervals. The chicks were maintained on raised wire-mesh floors in an electrically heated battery in a continuously illuminated room which had been used previously to house chicks. Diet and water were supplied ad libitum. The chicks were fed the following diets: a glucose-fat-soybean meal diet (Bare et al., 1964a), hereafter referred to as the basal diet; the basal diet plus 11 mg./kg. of zinc…
Atypical presentation of venous infarct: Developmental venous anomaly thrombosis propagating from clot in dural venous sinus.

A 42-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with right hemisensory loss and aphasia beginning 3 hours prior to arrival to the hospital. Two months prior to presentation, anticoagulation was started for a left transverse sinus to internal jugular thrombosis, which was diagnosed after development of a severe headache and vomiting (figure 1, A and C). There was an incidental finding of a patent left temporal developmental venous anomaly (DVA). The DVA drained the supramarginal and superior temporal gyri extending from the Sylvian fissure to the vein of Labbe (figure 1B).
Spectrophotometric study of Poloxamer in contact lens care solution

Objective To determine the contents of Poloxamer in contact lens care solution by spectrophotometric method, and investigate the effect of the other lubrication composition on the measurement.Methods Five brands of contact lens care solution with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(HPMC) were obtained.The interference of HPMC in contact lens care solution was removed by heating and rapid filtering,and the contents of Poloxamer was determined by KI-I_2 spectrophotometry.Results For the pre-treated contact lens care solution,the tested wavelength was 500 nm and the development time was 120 min.Favourable linearity was observed when Poloxamer ranged between 0.001 mg/mL and 0.020 mg/mL,with standard curve of F = 0.050 91X +0.017 15 and r~2=0.998 2.Precision(n =6) test revealed that RSD was 1.331 4%,and RSD of daytime repeatability experiment was 2.971 3%.The recovery rates of 80%,100%and 120% samples ranged between 90%to 105%.Conclusion KI-I_2 spectrophotometry is a convenient,stable and reliable method,and may serve as a mass control method for nonionic surfactant Poloxamer content in contact lens care solution.
Enhancement of synaptic transmission in rat anterior cingulate cortex after digit amputation

Phantom limb pain is experienced by nearly 50%-80% of the patients following limb amputation.The anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)is a part of the limbic system that is an essential component in mediating the affective component of pain responses.To explore the role of ACC in the phantom limb pain,we recorded excitatory postsynaptic potential(EPSP)of pyramid neurons in adult rat ACC before and after a third hind paw digit amputation using in vivo intracellular recording and staining techniques.The recorded neurons were morphologically identified as pyramidal neurons in the ACC region.The amplitude of the evoked EPSP was significantly increased 3 days after amputation and lasted for up to 7 days.The increased potentiation was associated with an increase of paired-pulse facilitation(PPF),suggesting the involvement of presynaptic component in this process.These results demonstrated that digit amputation induced a long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the pyramidal neurons of ACC in an in vivo preparation.This enhancement of synaptic transmission might contribute to the phantom limb pain.
Value of HbA_1c>or =6.2% Used as Diagnostic Cut-off Point in Screening for Diabetes Mellitus

Objective To study the diagnostic validity and find out the optimum diagnostic cut-off point of glycosylated hemoglobin( HbA 1 c) for the purpose of large population screening for diabetes by comparing the correlations between the blood levels of HbA 1 c and fasting plasma glucose( FPG),plasma glucose 2 hours after meal( 2hPG) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Methods The blood levels of HbA 1 c of 1294 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography( HPLC). Then the patients were divided into two groups of HbA 1 c or = 6. 5% and HbA 1 c or = 6. 2%,and the correlation between HbA 1 c and blood glucose was studied. The validities of HbA 1 c of different levels as the tool for the diagnosis of diabetes were analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic( ROC) curve.Results FPG or =7.0 mmol/L was found in 748(57.89%) diabetic patients,and 2hPG or =11.1 mmol/L in 828( 64. 18%) diabetic patients. For HbA 1 c at a diagnostic cut-off point of or =6. 5% which was recommended by ADA,699( 54.01%) diabetes patients were detected,and the sensitivity and specificity were 54. 0% and 100. 0%,respectively. There was significant difference among HbA 1 c or = 6. 5%,FPG and 2hPG in the diagnosis of correlation( P 0. 01). For HbA 1 c at a diagnostic cut-off point of or =6. 2%,953( 73. 65%) diabetic patients were detected,which was significantly different from FPG( P 0. 01),but wasn't significantly different from 2hPG( P 0. 05),in the detection rate. For HbA 1 c at a diagnostic cut-off point of or = 6. 2%,the maximal area under ROC curve was 0. 992 while the maximal diagnostic index was 1. 73,and the sensitivity and specificity were 73. 64% and 99. 0%,respectively. Conclusion For HbA 1 c at a diagnostic cut-off point of or = 6. 2%,its validity for the diagnosis of diabetes is superior to that of HbA 1 c at a diagnostic cut-off point of or = 6. 5% or FPG at a cut-off point of or = 7. 0 mmol / L,and is similar to that of 2hPG at a cut-off point of or = 11. 1 mmol / L. HbA 1 c or = 6. 2% used as the diagnostic cut-off point is more accurate in the diagnosis of diabetes and is suitable for a large population screening for diabetes.
Acquiring a laboratory computer system : vendor selection and contracting

The steps involved in acquiring a computer system, from writing the request for a proposal to signing the contract, are discussed. Guidelines for selecting a system include information on the merits of different hardware and software available for use in the laboratory.
The effects of contrast media volume on acute kidney injury after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective The goal of this systematic review was to assess the effects of contrast media volume on transcatheter aortic valve replacement-related acute kidney injury. Methods A literature search was performed using Medline, EMbase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and clinicaltrials.gov from the inception of these databases through December 2015. Studies that reported relative risk, odds ratio, or hazard ratio comparing the risks of acute kidney injury following transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients who received high contrast media volume, were included. Pooled risk ratio(RR) and 95% confidence intervals(95%CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. Results Four cohort studies comprised of 891 patients were included in the analyses to assess the risk of acute kidney injury after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients who received high contrast media volume. The pooled RR of acute kidney injury after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients who received a large volume of contrast media was 1.41 (95%CI, 0.87-2.28) compared with low contrast media volume. The meta-analysis was limited to studies using standard acute kidney injury definitions, and the pooled RR of acute kidney injury in patients who received high contrast media volume is 1.12 (95%CI, 0.78-1.62). Conclusion Our meta-analysis shows no significant association between contrast media volume and risk of acute kidney injury after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Predictors of Acute Hemodynamic Decompensation in Early Sepsis: An Observational Study.

Background: The study of sepsis is hindered by its heterogeneous time course and evolution. A subgroup of patients with severe sepsis develops shock soon after the initiation of treatment while others present hypotensive. We sought to determine the incidence of hypotension after the initiation of treatment for sepsis, and characterize their clinical features and course. Methods: A retrospective review of electronic medical record of all septic patients (n = 542) that met the definition of septic shock within 24 hours of admission (2011 - 2012) at an urban Veteran Affairs Hospital was performed. Subjects either had 1) initial normotension (INT) with hypotension developing within 24 hours or 2) initial hypotension (IH). Logistic regression was used to model associated factors of INT/IH. Results: INT occurred in 62 patients (11%) with average initial blood pressure of 120/71 mm Hg and developed hypotension to 79/48 mm Hg. IH was identified in 52 patients (10%) with average presenting blood pressure of 81/46 mm Hg. INT showed evidence of increased sympathetic tone with significantly higher heart rate, blood pressure and temperature. INT patients were younger, more frequently on alpha-blockers, and more likely septic from pneumonia compared to IH patients. INT and IH patients had similar timing of antibiotic initiation, amount of 24-hour fluid resuscitation, vasopressor use, organ dysfunction and mortality at 28 days. Using alpha-blockers, being Caucasian, and having higher temperatures were independent predictors of INT. Conclusion: INT is a distinctive presentation of septic shock characterized by rapid deterioration during early treatment. By further studying this subgroup, mediators of septic shock may be identified that clarify pathophysiology and provide timely targeted treatment. J Clin Med Res. 2016;8(8):575-581 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr2597w
Multiresolution Sinusoidal Modeling

As indicated in the previous chapter, the standard sinusoidal model has difficulty modeling broadband processes — both noiselike components and timelocalized transient events such as attacks. Such broadband processes thus appear in the residual of the sinusoidal analysis-synthesis. A perceptual model for noiselike components will be presented in Chapter 4; that representation, however, is inadequate for time-localized events such as attack artifacts, so it is necessary to consider ways to prevent these events from appearing in the residual. In this chapter, the sinusoidal model is reinterpreted in terms of expansion functions; the structure of these expansion functions both indicates why the model breaks down for time-localized events and suggests methods to improve the model by casting it in a multiresolution framework. Two approaches are considered: applying the sinusoidal model to filter bank subbands, and using signal-adaptive analysis and synthesis frame sizes. These specific methods are discussed after a consideration of multiresolution as exemplified by the discrete wavelet transform.
Tracing artificially recharged groundwater using water and carbon isotopes.

We conducted an isotopic analysis of groundwater in Orange County, California, USA, around the Talbert Seawater Injection Barrier to determine if recycled water, used to artificially recharge local aquifers, carries a unique isotopic signature that can be used as a tracer. From September 2014 to April 2015, we collected groundwater from six privately owned wells within the coastal groundwater basin, along with various surface waters. All water samples were analyzed for their stable isotopic composition (δ18O, δD), the δ13C and 14C signature of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool, DIC concentration, pH, and salinity. The DIC of groundwater mixing with recycled water is enriched in 14C above natural background levels, with varying signal strength through time, depleted in δ13C, and low in DIC concentration. Water isotopes further suggest that recycled water is a mixture of Colorado River water and regional groundwater. In contrast, groundwater found further away from the injection barrier has carbon and water isotope composition consistent with regional groundwater and Santa Ana River water. Our findings imply that recycled water injected through the Talbert Barrier is isotopically unique, and that 14C enrichment may be used as an intrinsic tracer of artificial recharge within the basin.
Revisiting politicide: state annihilation in Israel/Palestine

ABSTRACTRevisiting politicide: state annihilation in Israel/Palestine. Territory, Politics, Governance. State annihilation is a persistent concern in Israel/Palestine. While the spectre of Israel’s destruction increasingly haunts Israeli public political debates, the actual materialization of Palestinian statehood seems to be permanently suspended, caught in an ever-protracted process of state-building. The current paper claims that to understand the unfolding of the discursive formations, as well as the spatial dimensions of conflict and control in Israel/Palestine, we should explicate the workings of the processes of politicide. Politicide, in this regard, denotes the eradication of the political existence of a group and sabotaging the turning of a community of people into a polity. This analysis suggests that the insistence that the State of Israel is under threat of extinction should be understood as a speech act, a performative reiteration, which allows for the securitization of Israeli rule in the o...
Chromosome3D: reconstructing three-dimensional chromosomal structures from Hi-C interaction frequency data using distance geometry simulated annealing.

Reconstructing three-dimensional structures of chromosomes is useful for visualizing their shapes in a cell and interpreting their function. In this work, we reconstruct chromosomal structures from Hi-C data by translating contact counts in Hi-C data into Euclidean distances between chromosomal regions and then satisfying these distances using a structure reconstruction method rigorously tested in the field of protein structure determination. We first evaluate the robustness of the overall reconstruction algorithm on noisy simulated data at various levels of noise by comparing with some of the state-of-the-art reconstruction methods. Then, using simulated data, we validate that Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between pairwise distances in the reconstructed chromosomal structures and the experimental chromosomal contact counts can be used to find optimum conversion rules for transforming interaction frequencies to wish distances. This strategy is then applied to real Hi-C data at chromosome level for optimal transformation of interaction frequencies to wish distances and for ranking and selecting structures. The chromosomal structures reconstructed from a real-world human Hi-C dataset by our method were validated by the known two-compartment feature of the human chromosome organization. We also show that our method is robust with respect to the change of the granularity of Hi-C data, and consistently produces similar structures at different chromosomal resolutions. Chromosome3D is a robust method of reconstructing chromosome three-dimensional models using distance restraints obtained from Hi-C interaction frequency data. It is available as a web application and as an open source tool at http://sysbio.rnet.missouri.edu/chromosome3d/ .
Methods to Control Target Heating During Ion Implantation

The use of high-current ion implanters with beam powers in excess of 1kW requires improved methods of target cooling. This problem has already been addressed for ion implantation of Si wafers [1–3], but cooling of metallic targets needs further development. Compared to Si wafers, metallic targets typically have more awkward geometries, thicker cross sections, lower thermal conductivities, and in some cases (e.g., certain heat-treated steels) comparable temperature limitations during implantation (T⪝200°C). In addition, since metallic targets typically require higher implantation doses than Si wafers, use of high-current implanters is highly desirable. Heat conduction to a sink will generally be necessary for cooling of metallic targets.
The effect of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus on acute kidney injury and systemic hypertension in extremely low gestational age newborns.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in preterm neonates is becoming an increasingly recognized morbidity in the neonatal intensive care unit neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), yet its epidemiol...
Enhanced Photoresponse in Metasurface-Integrated Organic Photodetectors

In this work, we experimentally demonstrate metasurface-enhanced photoresponse in organic photodetectors. We have designed and integrated a metasurface with broadband functionality into an organic photodetector, with the goal of significantly increasing the absorption of light and generated photocurrent from 560 up to 690 nm. We discuss how the metasurface can be integrated with the fabrication of an organic photodiode. Our results show large gains in responsivity from 1.5× to 2× between 560 and 690 nm.
Good functional outcomes expected after shoulder arthroplasty irrespective of body mass index.

Background This study evaluated how body mass index (BMI) factors into functional outcomes and complications after shoulder arthroplasty. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of age-matched patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), or hemiarthroplasty (HA). Patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores, range of motion (ROM), and complications were assessed. Forty-nine patients were classified into the following groups: normal (BMI 2 ), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m 2 ), class I obese (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2), class II obese (BMI 35-39.9 kg/m 2 ), and class III morbid obese (BMI ≥40 kg/m 2 ). Results A total of 245 patients (134 women, 111 men; average age, 64 ± 8 years) were evaluated at an average follow-up of 48 ± 18 months. TSA was performed in 122 patients (50%), RTSA was performed in 103 (42%), and HA was performed in 20 (8%). No significant difference was found among the 5 BMI groups in arthroplasty type ( P = .108) or in complications, including reoperations ( P = .27). All groups had significant postoperative improvements in PROs and ROM ( P Discussion This study demonstrates that patients undergoing TSA, RTSA, and HA can expect good functional outcomes, with improvements in pain, function and outcome scores, irrespective of BMI.
The Unraveling of Classical Physics: Planck and Einstein

It is not a particularly unusual observation that hot bodies emit radiation. This can be thermal radiation, which can be measured and felt, or it can be visible light, which can be measured and seen. The type and amount of radiation emitted depend on the temperature and the kind of material. One can measure both the total amount of energy emitted and the amount of energy of a given frequency (color). It is more unusual that when matter in the form of hollow balls is heated and observed through a small hole, all materials exhibit the same thermal spectrum; this is not the case for solid spheres. Although perhaps unexpected, this particular behavior has been observed and can be understood on the basis of the laws of thermodynamics, a well respected division of classical physics. Early in 1900, the first really accurate measurements of that thermal spectrum became available. Surprisingly, there was no theoretical formula that agreed with these observations. There was a theoretical expression derived on the sound basis of classical physics, but it agreed with the data only for low frequencies. For higher frequencies the theory and experiment did not agree at all. On the basis of a rather different semi-theoretical picture, it was possible to obtain an expression for the high-frequency part of the spectrum, but then the low-frequency part did not fit at all. There was no formula of any kind that fit the complete experiment.
Introduction to Thermal Engineering of Steel Alloy Systems

This volume is designed to characterize all aspects, i.e., the thermal engineering, of final heat treatment processing to produce quench and tempered steels with high-strength microstructures. Two aspects of thermal engineering are (1) modeling and quantitative characterization of the heat treatment and quenching process, aspects vital to the control of final manufacture; and (2) the documentation of steel microstructures and the properties resulting from that thermal processing, aspects vital to the selection of steels and their heat treatment for demanding applications. Chapters in this volume, as described, are devoted to both of these aspects of final thermal engineering of steel alloy systems.
The Thoracic Suspension Orthosis-A Seating Option For Patients With Pressure Ulcers

AbstractBackground/Objective: For patients with pressure ulcers, wound healing and prevention are important steps in reducing disability. Ulcers that fail to heal adequately may interfere with normal sitting. By relieving pressure, the thoracic suspension orthosis (TSO) may allow some patients with recurrent pressure ulcers to return to sitting and sit for longer periods.Methods: In this retrospective case series, 6 patients with chronic pressure ulcers were managed with TSO. Each patient had at least one of the following: (1) severe, non-healing pressure ulcers unresponsive to standard therapy, (2) recurrent ulcers requiring multiple surgeries, (3) chronic pain associated with sitting, or (4) bilateral lower extremity amputation resulting in instability or ischial pain in the seated position.Results: Each participant had a favorable functional outcome. Patients were able to resume modified sitting. Others were able to sit for longer periods. Some have used the TSO for long-term management.Conclusions: A ...
Multiple Cerebrovascular Accidents Associated with Intracranial HIV Vasculopathy: A Case Report

HIV disease continues to be a major public health concern with 36.9 million people reported living with HIV in 2017 [1]. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of serious complications of HIV disease. While control of HIV disease with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to unequivocally reduce all-cause mortality, ART in itself can paradoxically increase CVD risk in the HIV population. In this report we present a case of 32 year old African American woman with long standing uncontrolled HIV disease resulting in multiple cerebral aneurysms with aneurysmal rupture leading to recurrent strokes. We discuss the disease course and highlight the current literature of HIV vasculopathy, a serious complication of HIV disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable populations.
Reverse Bandwagon Effect and Foreign Direct Investment

We analyze the “reverse bandwagon” effect in the foreign direct investment (FDI) of the U.S. hospital systems. While the extant literature in game theory discussed action-reaction behaviors extensi...
Advances in the Conceptualization and Study of Schizophrenia in Later Life: 2020 Update

A crisis looms as research and clinical programs have not kept pace with dramatic increases in the number of older adults with schizophrenia. This article provides an overview of the advances in the conceptualization and study of schizophrenia in later life. Theoretic and clinical models in psychiatry and gerontology are integrated. Specifically, recovery is examined in the context of aging, how clinical dimensionality affects diagnoses in older adults, how various features of schizophrenia are implicated in models of accelerated and paradoxic aging, and how outcome in later life is a more dynamic and heterogeneous than assumed previously.
ASSOCIATION OF P-WAVE AXIS WITH INCIDENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN DIABETES: THE ACCORD TRIAL

Recent studies show diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). The P-wave axis (PWA) can be found on electrocardiograms (ECGs); a normal value is between 0 and 75 degrees. New evidence supports an association between abnormal PWA (PWA) and incidence of AF. The
Technical note: Evaluation of a colorimetric point-of-care test for measuring urine ammonium concentration in periparturient dairy cattle

Urine ammonium concentration ([NH4+]) provides a clinically useful indicator of the magnitude of nutritionally induced systemic acidification in dairy cattle when urine pH 10 mmol/L, equivalent to urine pH 11 mmol/L) for the colorimetric test, sensitivity = 0.94, specificity = 0.97, positive likelihood ratio = 27.6, and κ = 0.89, indicating excellent test performance. We conclude that the indophenol blue colorimetric test provided an accurate, low-cost, and practical on-farm test for measuring urine [NH4+] in diluted urine samples from dairy cattle consuming an acidogenic ration.
Learning Machine Learning with Personal Data Helps Stakeholders Ground Advocacy Arguments in Model Mechanics

Machine learning systems are increasingly a part of everyday life, and often used to make critical and possibly harmful decisions that affect stakeholders of the models. Those affected need enough literacy to advocate for themselves when models make mistakes. To understand how to develop this literacy, this paper investigates three ways to teach ML concepts, using linear regression and gradient descent as an introduction to ML foundations. Those three ways include a basic Facts condition, mirroring a presentation or brochure about ML, an Impersonal condition which teaches ML using some hypothetical individual's data, and a Personal condition which teaches ML on the learner's own data in context. Next, we evaluated the effects on learners' ability to self-advocate against harmful ML models. Learners wrote hypothetical letters against poorly performing ML systems that may affect them in real-world scenarios. This study discovered that having learners learn about ML foundations with their own personal data resulted in learners better grounding their self-advocacy arguments in the mechanisms of machine learning when critiquing models in the world.
Fall in the sea, eventually? A green paradox in climate adaptation for coastal housing markets

Abstract Efficient adaptation to climate change in coastal areas is likely to require public policy interventions. New policies or expectations of policy changes that impact private assets, such as housing, may generate economic incentives that result in unintended consequences. We examine the effect on new housing development resulting from a scientific report by a regulatory agency mandating coastal communities in North Carolina (NC) consider sea-level rise when developing new land-use policies. Estimates from our preferred triple-differences model suggest the policy announcement increased building permits by 32% in coastal NC counties until permitting returned to pre-policy levels after a moratorium on new regulations was passed by the state legislature. Our results are supported by numerous robustness checks, including alternative controls, placebo tests and a parcel-level model in Dare County, NC. This green paradox in coastal climate adaptation implies that hundreds of millions of dollars in additional unregulated housing was constructed in NC locations vulnerable to sea-level rise likely due to perverse incentives generated by a policy signal.