cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultralow-voltage electrothermal MEMS based fiber-optic scanning probe for forward-viewing endoscopic OCT

We report an ultralow-voltage, electrothermal (ET) micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) based probe for forward-viewing endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. The fully assembled probe has a diameter of 5.5 mm and a length of 55 mm, including the imaging optics and a 40 mm long fiber-optic cantilever attached on a micro-platform of the bimorph ET MEMS actuator. The ET MEMS actuator provides a sufficient mechanical actuation force as well as a large vertical displacement, achieving up to a 3 mm optical scanning range with only a 3 VACp-p drive voltage with a 1.5 VDC offset. The imaging probe was integrated with a swept-source OCT system of a 100 kHz A-scan rate, and its performance was successfully demonstrated with cross-sectional imaging of biological tissues ex vivo and in vivo at a speed up to 200 frames per second.
UNIPOPT: Univariate projection-based optimization without derivatives

Abstract A derivative-free optimization framework UNIPOPT is developed to solve multi-dimensional box-constrained black-box problems. The method is based on projecting the objective function onto a univariate space, which leads to a point-to-set map. The lower envelope of the map contains the global minimum. A sensitivity theorem is employed to predict the points on the lower envelope and a trust-region based algorithm is used to correct the predictions. A model-based algorithm is used to optimize the univariate lower envelope such that its minimum corresponds to that of the original problem. We provide theoretical results related to the prediction and correction steps and prove the convergence of the overall algorithm. UNIPOPT is applied to an extensive suite of test problems comprising of both convex nonsmooth and nonconvex smooth black-box problems, and its performance is compared to the existing model-based approaches. The algorithm is able to locate global solutions for more test problems compared to the other solvers.
Randomized phase III trial of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT molecular imaging for prostate cancer salvage radiotherapy planning [PSMA-SRT].

TPS136Background: Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for prostate cancer (PCa) biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) is commonly initiated in patients with PSA < 1 ng/mL, a threshol...
Parent Psychological Distress: A Moderator of Behavioral Health Intervention Outcomes among Justice‐Involved Adolescents

We examined whether pre-existing parent psychological distress moderated juvenile offenders' substance use, sexual risk, and mental health outcomes in a randomized trial. Forty-seven parent-adolescent dyads received either Family-based Affect Management Intervention (FAMI) for adolescent substance use and HIV prevention or adolescent-only Health Promotion Intervention (HPI). Parents' self-reported distress at baseline significantly moderated adolescents' self-reported marijuana use and alcohol use but not other outcomes at 3 months postintervention, producing crossover interactions. FAMI outperformed HPI when parents reported high-level distress, whereas HPI outperformed FAMI when parents reported low-level distress. This finding that the relative efficacy of interventions depends on the severity of parent psychological distress could inform efforts to match substance-using, justice-involved adolescents with the intervention most likely to benefit them.
On the asymptotic S n -structure of invariant differential operators on symplectic manifolds

Abstract We consider the space of polydifferential operators on n functions on symplectic manifolds invariant under symplectic automorphisms, whose study was initiated by Mathieu in 1995. Permutations of inputs yield an action of S n , which extends to an action of S n + 1 . We study this structure viewing n as a parameter, in the sense of Deligneʼs category. For manifolds of dimension 2d, we show that the isotypic part of this space of ⩽ 2 d + 1 -th tensor powers of the reflection representation h = C n of S n + 1 is spanned by Poisson polynomials. We also prove a partial converse, and compute explicitly the isotypic part of ⩽4-th tensor powers of the reflection representation. We give generating functions for the isotypic parts corresponding to Young diagrams which only differ in the length of the top row, and prove that they are rational fractions whose denominators are related to hook lengths of the diagrams obtained by removing the top row. This also gives such a formula for the same isotypic parts of induced representations from Z / ( n + 1 ) to S n + 1 where n is viewed as a parameter. We show that the space of invariant operators of order 2m has polynomial dimension in n of degree equal to 2m, while the part not coming from Poisson polynomials has polynomial dimension of degree ⩽ 2 m − 3 . We use this to compute asymptotics of the dimension of invariant operators. We also give new bounds on the order of invariant operators for a fixed n. We apply this to the Poisson and Hochschild homology associated to the singularity C 2 d n / S n + 1 . Namely, the canonical surjection from HP 0 ( O C 2 d n / S n + 1 , O C 2 d n ) to gr HH 0 ( Weyl ( C 2 d n ) S n + 1 , Weyl ( C 2 d n ) ) (the Brylinski spectral sequence in degree zero) restricts to an isomorphism in the aforementioned isotypic part h ⊗ ⩽ 2 d + 1 , and also in h ⊗ ⩽ 4 . We prove a partial converse. Finally, the kernel of the entire surjection has dimension on the order of 1 n 3 times the dimension of the homology group.
Keys to Success in Ultrasound-Guided Breast Biopsy

This chapter summarizes a few general guidelines and recommendations, most of which reflect common sense, that should facilitate the learning of novice breast imagers and should also be followed by seasoned practitioners to guarantee the success of ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy. These include preliminary practice of the trainee on phantoms, careful biopsy target selection, frequent communication with the pathologist, teamwork with the other breast care providers, concordance between the imaging findings and the biopsy result, and the detailed and complete reporting of the procedure.
PRAS40 Phosphorylation Correlates with Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor-Induced Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition in Head and Neck Cancer Cells

EGFR inhibitors have shown poor efficacy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with demonstrated involvement of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in resistance to EGFR inhibition. IGF1R activates the PI3K–Akt pathway, which phosphorylates proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40) to cease mTOR inhibition resulting in increased mTOR signaling. Proliferation assays separated six HNSCC cell lines into two groups: sensitive to EGFR inhibition or resistant; all sensitive cell lines demonstrated reduced sensitivity to EGFR inhibition upon IGF1R activation. Reverse phase protein microarray analysis and immunoblot identified a correlation between increased PRAS40 phosphorylation and IGFR-mediated resistance to EGFR inhibition. In sensitive cell lines, PRAS40 phosphorylation decreased 44%–80% with EGFR inhibition and was restored to 98%–196% of control by IGF1R activation, while phosphorylation was unaffected in resistant cell lines. Possible involvement of mTOR in this resistance mechanism was demonstrated through a similar pattern of p70S6K phosphorylation. However, addition of temsirolimus, an mTORC1 inhibitor, was insufficient to overcome IGF1R-mediated resistance and suggested an alternative mechanism. Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), which has been reported to complex with PRAS40 in the cytoplasm, demonstrated a 6-fold increase in nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio upon EGFR inhibition that was eliminated with concurrent IGF1R activation. Transcription of FOXO3a-regulated TRAIL and PTEN-induced putative kinase-1 (PINK1) was increased with EGFR inhibition in sensitive cell lines; this effect was diminished with IGF1R stimulation. Implications: These data suggest PRAS40 may play an important role in IGF1R-based therapeutic resistance to EGFR inhibition, and this likely occurs via inhibition of FOXO3a-mediated proapoptotic gene transcription.
Bit-Interleaved Coded Multiple Beamforming With Perfect Coding in Millimeter-Wave MIMO Systems

This letter investigates bit-interleaved coded multiple beamforming (BICMB) with perfect coding in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to achieve the maximum diversity gain. Using perfect coding with BICMB enables us to do this. We show that by using BICMB and perfect coding, the diversity gain becomes independent of the number of transmitted data streams and the number of antennas in each remote antenna unit (RAU) at the transmitter and the receiver. The assumption is that the perfect channel state information (CSI) is known at both the transmitter and the receiver. With the assumption of the perfect CSI at the transmitter and the receiver, simulation results show that the use of BICMB with perfect coding results in the diversity gain values predicted by the analysis.
A Multi-function AAA Algorithm Applied to Frequency Dependent Line Modeling

Modeling of power distribution system components that are valid for a wide range of frequencies are crucial for highly accurate modeling of electromagnetic transient (EMT) events. This has recently become of interest due to the improvements needed for the resilient operation of distribution systems. Vector fitting (VF) is a very popular and commonly used algorithm for wide band representations of power system components in EMT simulations. In this research, we present a new multi-input rational approximation algorithm (MIAAA) and illustrate its advantages with respect to VF using examples of approximations of admittance matrices discussed in the literature. We show that MIAAA not only outperforms VF in terms of achieving better accuracy using lesser number of poles, but also has no numerical issues achieving convergence. In contrast to VF, MIAAA is not sensitive to the location of input sample points and it does not require good estimates for the location of the desired approximation poles. The novelty of this research work is the use of recent mathematical results to solve existing challenges in distribution system modeling and to develop rational approximations for power system models that intend to be optimal in terms of accuracy and performance.
What is the impact of human wastewater biosolids (sewage sludge) application on long-term soil carbon sequestration rates? A systematic review protocol

Human wastewater biosolids, hereafter referred to as biosolids, are produced in significant quantities around the world and often applied to an extensive land mass including agricultural fields, forests, mine lands, and urban areas. Land-application of biosolids has been reported in peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed work to change soil organic carbon stocks in varying amounts. Determining the potential of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change and sequestration from biosolids land application is critical for biosolids producers and users to gain access to carbon credit markets. Our review question is, "what is the impact of biosolids application on long-term soil carbon sequestration rates?” We look to explore this main question with the follow-up, "does biosolids processing methods and characteristics, application method, soil properties, land management and other modifiers affect rates of carbon accumulation from land-applied biosolids?" Searches will be conducted using online databases (i.e., Web of Science Core Collection, CAB Abstracts, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global), search engines (Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic), and specialist websites to find primary field studies and grey literature of biosolids land-application effects on soil organic carbon stocks. We will use English search terms and predefined inclusion criteria of: (1) a field study of at least 24 months that reports soil organic carbon/matter (SOC/SOM) concentrations/stocks; (2) has two types of treatments: (i) a control (non-intervention AND/OR synthetic fertilizer) AND (ii) a biosolids-based amendment; and (3) information of amendment properties and application dates and rates to estimate the relative contribution of the applied materials to SOC changes. We will screen results in two stages: (1) title and abstract and (2) full text. A 10% subset will be screened by two reviewers for inclusion at the title and abstract level and use a kappa analysis to ensure agreement of at least 0.61. All results in the full text stage will be dual screened. Data will be extracted by one person and reviewed by a second person. Critical appraisal will be used to assess studies’ potential bias and done by two reviewers. A meta-analysis using random effects models will be conducted if sufficient data of high enough quality are extracted.
Ultra-low hydrogen content bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum

Abstract In the ultra-high resolution mass spectrometric analysis of processed petroleums (fossil materials), we observed species with ultra-low hydrogen content (e.g. H/C ratio from 0.1 to 0.4). Some of the observed chemical formula (C20-40H10) can be rationalized by the known corannulene-based peri-condensed Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Other formulas (such as C20-40H8, C20-40H6 and C20-40H4) cannot be rationalized with any known structures. We proposed highly curved non-planar PAHs involving multiple connected five member aromatic rings. These structures do not obey the isolated pentagon rule (IPR). The stabilities of the proposed structures were evaluated by density functional theory. Strain energies were calculated based on hypothetical isodesmic conversion of planar structures to the curved non-planar structures. Results showed that the strain energies of the proposed structures are lower than that of fullerenes of the same carbon number, confirming stabilities of the non-IPR structures. The low hydrogen content species are likely formed in the thermal and/or catalytic cracking of the petroleums. They are possible intermediate molecules on the path toward the formation of fullerenes (buckyballs) and other nano-carbon materials
Bayesian optimization with evolutionary and structure-based regularization for directed protein evolution

Directed evolution (DE) is a technique for protein engineering that involves iterative rounds of mutagenesis and screening to search for sequences that optimize a given property, such as binding affinity to a specified target. Unfortunately, the underlying optimization problem is under-determined, and so mutations introduced to improve the specified property may come at the expense of unmeasured, but nevertheless important properties (ex. solubility, thermostability, etc). We address this issue by formulating DE as a regularized Bayesian optimization problem where the regularization term reflects evolutionary or structure-based constraints. We applied our approach to DE to three representative proteins, GB1, BRCA1, and SARS-CoV-2 Spike, and evaluated both evolutionary and structure-based regularization terms. The results of these experiments demonstrate that: (i) structure-based regularization usually leads to better designs (and never hurts), compared to the unregularized setting; (ii) evolutionary-based regularization tends to be least effective; and (iii) regularization leads to better designs because it effectively focuses the search in certain areas of sequence space, making better use of the experimental budget. Additionally, like previous work in Machine learning assisted DE, we find that our approach significantly reduces the experimental burden of DE, relative to model-free methods. Introducing regularization into a Bayesian ML-assisted DE framework alters the exploratory patterns of the underlying optimization routine, and can shift variant selections towards those with a range of targeted and desirable properties. In particular, we find that structure-based regularization often improves variant selection compared to unregularized approaches, and never hurts.
Microinjection of cocaine into the nucleus accumbens elicits locomotor activation in the rat

Cocaine is believed to exert its psychostimulant effects through activation of the mesocorticolimbic system. Although the nucleus accumbens, in particular, has been hypothesized as the site of action of cocaine's stimulating effects, there is no direct evidence that microinjection of cocaine into this region produces behavioral activation. The present experiments investigated the locomotor response to microinjection of cocaine (0, 10, 30, 100 micrograms/0.5 microliter) into the nucleus accumbens in rats. Cocaine elicited a pronounced, dose-dependent motor activation of approximately 60 min duration. This stimulant effect was blocked by prior administration of a dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist, cis-flupenthixol. The response to cocaine was differentiated from nucleus accumbens microinjections of procaine and lidocaine, compounds that have potent local anesthetic effects but little affinity for the dopamine-uptake site. Neither procaine nor lidocaine (0, 10, 30, 100 micrograms/0.5 microliter) had any overall effect, although activity was somewhat decreased in the initial part of the test session and increased at the end, relative to control activity. Cocaine injected into the anterior dorsal or ventrolateral striatum (100 micrograms) also increased motor activity; procaine and lidocaine had no effect. Cocaine injected into the ventrolateral striatum significantly increased stereotypy. The amplitude of motor activation following cocaine injection into nucleus accumbens was much greater than that elicited at the other striatal sites. Further, observation of the time course of motor activation following cocaine injection into the anterior dorsal and ventrolateral striatum suggested that the motor effect was due to diffusion, most likely to the nucleus accumbens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Psychiatric affiliations between community hospitals and university programs. Transcending the difficulties.

Abstract The community-based general hospital is increasingly utilized as a clinical training site for psychiatric education. Are such affiliations taken for granted by university departments? Only by careful review of the governance structure and motivations for such affiliations can a successful program be developed. Such affiliations need not be “taken for granted.” Ongoing flexibility and communication will foster mutual respect between the clinical faculty within the community hospital and the university department. A case example is provided to demonstrate such a process.
Recovery of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus on Nine Commonly Used Agar Media

Of the nine media tested, Eugon, Elliker's lactic agar, pH 6.8, and modified tryptic soy broth agars showed superior recovery of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus strains.
Zinc: DNA‐Binding Proteins

Zinc-containing nucleic acid-binding proteins are ubiquitous in nature and interact with all types of nucleic acids, including ssDNA, duplex DNA, and RNA. The primary role played by these Zn(II) coordination complexes is to provide local or global stability to these proteins that function in transcriptional regulation, DNA metabolism, and nucleic acid packaging. These proteins are now broadly designated as zinc finger (zf) proteins. Six structural classes of zf proteins are discussed here that are distinguished from one another on the basis of the secondary and tertiary structure of the zf domain, the nature of the ligating side chains (Cys and/or His), and the linear spacing of amino acid ligands in the primary structure. These structural zinc sites are compared with metalloregulatory zinc coordination complexes found in metal-sensing transcriptional regulatory proteins that control zinc homeostasis in bacteria (e.g. E. coli ZurR and ZntR; S. aureus CzrA; Synechococcus SmtB), lower eukaryotes (S. cerevisiae Zap1), and mammalian cells (MTF-1). Structural and functional comparisons of the bacterial zinc sensors with homologous sensors specific for other transition metal ions (e.g. Cu, Ni, Mn) and xenobiotics (e.g. Cd, Pb, and Hg) suggest that coordination number and therefore geometry are primary determinants of metal selectivity of metal sensor proteins in vivo. Keywords: allostery; DNA-binding; metal coordination; metalloregulation; NMR; X-ray crystallography; selectivity; zinc fingers
Implications of cloud computing for people with cognitive disabilities

A public workshop was convened in the Fall of 2010 to bring together leaders from industry, education, public policy, disability advocacy, and government with a shared focus in shaping our national information and computing infrastructure to improve the lives and independence of people with disabilities, particularly those with cognitive disabilities. The workshop provided introductory presentations about the state and future of cloud computing technology, cognitive accessibility, and policy considerations, and was followed by interactive panel discussions about technical directions and opportunities; the potential benefits, opportunities, and challenges of cloud computing from the viewpoint of people with disabilities, caregivers, and advocates; and legal and regulatory barriers to accessing technology in "the cloud." This paper summarizes insights about how cloud computing could improve the lives of people with disabilities from the perspective of leading representatives from industry, academe, government, and advocacy organizations.
An experimental investigation of mesoporous MgO as a potential pre-combustion CO2 sorbent

We examined the CO2 capture capacity of mesoporous MgO (325 mesh size, surface area = 95.08 ± 1.5 m2/g) as a potential pre-combustion CO2 sorbent. Our results show that 96.96 % of MgO was converted to MgCO3 at 350 °C and 10 bars CO2 pressure. The sorbent could be completely regenerated at 550 °C under argon flow. The sorption rate parameters such as surface area and pore size were investigated.
A phase II study of bortezomib added to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone in patients with previously untreated indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Bortezomib-containing combinations are active in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) although peripheral neuropathy can limit their dose intensity. Based on our phase I findings, we conducted a phase II trial of bortezomib in combination with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) with a modified dose of vincristine. Patients with untreated indolent NHL received bortezomib (1·6 mg/m(2) ) on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle for up to 8 cycles and R-CHOP with a 1·5 mg cap of vincristine. Patients achieving a complete response (CR) received maintenance rituximab, and remaining patients received maintenance rituximab and bortezomib. The primary endpoint was CR rate; secondary survival analyses were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Among 29 eligible patients, NHL morphologies included follicular (n = 20), marginal zone (n = 5) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (n = 4). Nineteen patients had CR (66%) and 10 had partial response (34%), yielding a 100% overall response rate. With a median follow-up of 48·7 months, the 4-year progression-free and overall survivals were 83% and 93%. Twenty-two patients experienced peripheral neuropathy of any grade, and two had grade 3 neuropathy. The combination of bortezomib with R-CHOP is effective for indolent NHL, and we plan to evaluate therapies incorporating novel proteasome inhibitors in future studies in NHL.
Modeling fast dopamine neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens during behavior.

Recent advances in electrophysiology and voltammetry permit monitoring of dopamine (DA) neuronal activity in real time in the brain of awake animals. Studies using these approaches demonstrate that behaviorally relevant events elicit characteristic patterns of electrical activity in midbrain DA neurons as well as large, transient changes in extracellular DA in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In addition to providing insight into the role of the DA system in the processing of motor, motivational, and sensory information, the new findings also shed light on fast DA neurotransmission in a behavioral context. This report, (1) summarizes the information obtained by electrophysiological and real-time voltammetric approaches and (2) describes a general model of phasic DA signaling in the NAc that links the observed changes in DA electrical activity and extracellular dynamics. The analysis demonstrates that the behaviorally evoked DA transients are governed by similar mechanisms as those produced by short trains of electrical stimulation. Thus, action potential-dependent release and presynaptic uptake are primary determinants of functional DA levels in the brain during behavior. Interestingly, the model predicts that the same burst of electrical activity generated at DA cell bodies produces markedly different DA dynamics in forebrain projection fields. The distinct changes result from heterogeneous release and uptake rates and may underlie region-specific effects of DA. Auto- and heteroreceptors, as well as other sites of presynaptic control, could further modulate the DA transients.
Evaluating infinite integrals involving products of Bessel functions of arbitrary order

The difficulties involved with evaluating infinite integrals involving products of Bessel functions are considered, and a method for evaluating these integrals is outlined. The method makes use of extrapolation on a sequence of partial sums, and requires rewriting the product of Bessel functions as the sum of two more well-behaved functions. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of this method, where it is shown to be significantly superior to standard infinite integration routines.
Tracker-on-C for cone-beam CT-guided surgery: evaluation of geometric accuracy and clinical applications

Conventional surgical tracking configurations carry a variety of limitations in line-of-sight, geometric accuracy, and mismatch with the surgeon's perspective (for video augmentation). With increasing utilization of mobile C-arms, particularly those allowing cone-beam CT (CBCT), there is opportunity to better integrate surgical trackers at bedside to address such limitations. This paper describes a tracker configuration in which the tracker is mounted directly on the Carm. To maintain registration within a dynamic coordinate system, a reference marker visible across the full C-arm rotation is implemented, and the "Tracker-on-C" configuration is shown to provide improved target registration error (TRE) over a conventional in-room setup - (0.9±0.4) mm vs (1.9±0.7) mm, respectively. The system also can generate digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) from the perspective of a tracked tool ("x-ray flashlight"), the tracker, or the C-arm ("virtual fluoroscopy"), with geometric accuracy in virtual fluoroscopy of (0.4±0.2) mm. Using a video-based tracker, planning data and DRRs can be superimposed on the video scene from a natural perspective over the surgical field, with geometric accuracy (0.8±0.3) pixels for planning data overlay and (0.6±0.4) pixels for DRR overlay across all C-arm angles. The field-of-view of fluoroscopy or CBCT can also be overlaid on real-time video ("Virtual Field Light") to assist C-arm positioning. The fixed transformation between the x-ray image and tracker facilitated quick, accurate intraoperative registration. The workflow and precision associated with a variety of realistic surgical tasks were significantly improved using the Tracker-on-C - for example, nearly a factor of 2 reduction in time required for C-arm positioning, reduction or elimination of dose in "hunting" for a specific fluoroscopic view, and confident placement of the x-ray FOV on the surgical target. The proposed configuration streamlines the integration of C-arm CBCT with realtime tracking and demonstrated utility in a spectrum of image-guided interventions (e.g., spine surgery) benefiting from improved accuracy, enhanced visualization, and reduced radiation exposure.
African American Culture and Physical Skill Development Programs: The Effect on Golf After Tiger Woods

What has been lacking is a rationale for professional trainers to employ African American cultural ideas to the training field. This article examines the root causes of the slow rate of change in the way professional trainers in traditionally White mainstream athletics have approached the pedagogical aspect of their work. Because many African Americans and Latinos are now entering fields that were once the preserve of the White male and female, it is important that we explore the nature of this particular asymmetrical relationship.
Cellular contribution to symmetrical forelimbs from triploid‐marked “polarizing region” in the embryo of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

Grafts of posterior tissue placed anterior to the limb bud in the salamander embryo exert a polarizing influence. To explain this result, the idea that the anteroposterior axis of the developing forelimb is polarized by a diffusible morphogen has been proposed [J. Slack, (1977) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 39:169–182]. An alternative hypothesis, and the working hypothesis of the present study, is that the polarization of the developing salamander forelimb is accomplished by short-range cellular interactions resulting in intercalation rather than by the more global influence of a diffusible morphogen. One prediction of this intercalation hypothesis is that cells will be contributed to the limb from the “polarizing tissue”. To test this idea, grafts of triploid marked polarizing tissue were implanted anterior to the limb bud in 82 diploid axolotl embryos at stages 32–34 of development. A total of 27 (33%) of the limbs that resulted were symmetrical and ranged in complexity from one to seven digits. Histological analysis of a subgroup of the original symmetrical limbs revealed that mesodermally derived tissues in the anterior side of these limbs (the side which formed as a duplication in response to the influence of the graft) contained high percentages of trinucleolate cells (muscle, 12.1%; connective tissue, 12.5%; and cartilage, 13.4%) when compared to similar tissues in the posterior side of the same symmetrical limbs (muscle, 1.8%; connective tissue, 0.7%; and cartilage, 0.6%). When symmetrical limbs were amputated, 73% regenerated symmetrical limbs. When these regenerated limbs were again amputated, 63% formed symmetrical secondary regenerates. Histological analysis of the first generation of regenerated limbs revealed that the pattern of distribution of trinucleolate cells in each regenerate was similar to the pattern seen in the original symmetrical limb. These results indicate that there is considerable cellular contribution to the anterior side of the symmetrical forelimb from the mesoderm of grafted “polarizing tissue”. This result supports the idea that short-range cellular interactions are sufficient for formation of symmetrical forelimbs in salamander embryos.
Electroosmosis of wet wool

Abstract Electroosmosis is measured of wool yarn and fabric in equilibrium with aqueous buffer solutions. The electroosmotic flow vs. pH curve shows a minimum ascribed to fiber conductance. Approximate equations are developed to account for this effect. Transport of water through the fibers is estimated to be negligible. The surface of natural wool is isoelectric near pH 3. This is considerably lower than the IEP of any known wool protein fraction. The variability of surface IEP may result from mechanical damage to wool in processing. It is shown that in a recently developed practical process for shrinkproofing wool fabrics, a polyamide film is grafted onto the fiber surface.
The effect of successful and unsuccessful smoking cessation on short-term anxiety, depression, and suicidality

Research on the mental health effects of quitting smoking is limited. Smokers with mental illness appear to be at a higher risk of unsuccessful smoking cessation. Recent work suggests they are at elevated risk for post-cessation increases in anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation. The current study tested the effects of successful and unsuccessful smoking cessation on short-term psychopathology in 192 community participants. Smoking cessation outcomes were classified using expired carbon monoxide levels that were taken at quit week, 1 and 2 week follow-up and 1 month follow-up. We found no psychopathology increases in participants who successfully quit smoking. For individuals struggling to quit our results partially supported a recently proposed struggling quitters hypothesis. However, the vast majority of individuals posited to be vulnerable by the struggling quitters hypothesis did not experience clinically significant increases in psychopathology. These findings have implications for clinicians whose clients are interested in smoking cessation.
Evaluation of authorship attribution software on a Chat bot corpus

Authorship recognition is a technique used to identify the author of an unclaimed document, or in case when more than one author claims a document. Authorship recognition has great potential for applications in Computer forensics. The intended goal of this research is to identify a Chat bot by analyzing conversation log files. This is a novel area of investigation, as artificially intelligent authors have not been profiled based on their linguistic behavior. The collected data comes from chat logs between different Chat Bots and between Chat Bots and Human users. The initial experiments utilizing collected data demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.
The computational modeling of nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the martensitic transformations

A mathematical model describing the thermodynamic properties of martensitic crystals is introduced. The thermodynamic model uses the elastic energy derived from the Ericksen-James theory and it incorporates a heat-flux which couples the temperature gradient with the underlying lattice structure. The presented numerical computations simulate thermal effects during the development of the martensitic lamellae from an unstable deformation of the martensitic crystal. The micro-thermal structures are observed to accompany the development of the martensite.
Generation Me, the Origins of Birth Cohort Differences in Personality Traits, and Cross‐temporal Meta‐analysis

Birth cohort, or generation, differences in personality include views of the self (increases in self-esteem, narcissism, assertiveness, and agentic traits, leading to the label ‘Generation Me’) and mental health (externality in locus of control, increases in depressive symptoms). The origins of these trends lie in culture, including changes in women's roles, parenting, media, and social connections. Birth cohort should be considered as an environmental influence on individual personality traits. Challenges to cross-temporal meta-analysis are discussed, including response bias, changes in college populations, data from the University of California campuses with major confounds, sampling issues, and the misperception that the ecological fallacy is committed.
Pitch × loblolly pine hybrid response to competition control and associated ice damage

Abstract Growth response to three levels of competing vegetation control were compared in planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and pitch × loblolly pine (Pinus rigida × P. taeda) F2 hybrids. 1-0 seedlings of both seedlots were planted on cutover sites on the Virginia (USA) Appalachian Piedmont Plateau and were subjected to no competition control, herbaceous weed control, or combined herbaceous and woody control. Loblolly pine consistently outperformed hybrids on these sites. Combined vegetation control increased stem volume of hybrids and loblolly pine 54% and 47% compared to no control, respectively. Hybrids had 23% greater stem volume in response to herbaceous control while loblolly pine did not respond to this treatment. Hybrids grown under the combined woody and herbaceous vegetation control treatments were damaged by ice more frequently than any other seedlot–vegetation control treatment combination. These results suggest that pitch × loblolly hybrid offspring and loblolly pine differ in stem volume growth response to weed control treatments, necessitating the development of specific silvicultural strategies for the intensive management of hybrid pines.
Reasons for Requests for Evaluation of Competency in a Municipal General Hospital

During the period from July through September 1989,380 referrals to a psychiatry consultation-liaison service were reviewed. Of these patients, 25% were referred for a determination of competency, despite the fact that they often showed no evidence of mental illness. Seventy-five percent of the patients were found to be competent. Fear of medical legal consequences, physician's anxiety, lack of understanding of the rights of patients to refuse treatment, and a misunderstanding of the physician's duty when presented with such refusal seem to be the reasons for the large number of referrals.
Characterization of an enantioselective amidase from Cupriavidus sp. KNK-J915 (FERM BP-10739) useful for enzymatic resolution of racemic 3-piperidinecarboxamide

Abstract A novel amidase ( Cs AM) acting on ( R , S )- N -benzyl-3-piperidinecarboxamide was purified from Cupriavidus sp. KNK-J915 (FERM BP-10739) and characterized. The enzyme acts on ( R , S )- N -benzyl-3-piperidinecarboxamide S -selectively to yield ( R )- N -benzyl-3-piperidinecarboxamide. Analytical gel filtration column chromatography and SDS-PAGE revealed that the enzyme is a tetramer with a subunit of approximately 47 kDa. It has a broad substrate spectrum against nitrogen-containing heterocyclic amides. Its optimal pH and temperature are 8.0–9.0 and 50 °C, respectively. The Cs AM gene was cloned and sequenced, and it was found to comprise 1341 bp and encode a polypeptide of 46,388 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibited 78% identity to that of a putative amidase ( Cn AM) from Cupriavidus necator JMP134. The cultured cells of recombinant Escherichia coli producing Cn AM could be used for the S -selective hydrolysis of ( R , S )- N -benzyl-3-piperidinecarboxamide but could not be used for the S -selective hydrolysis of ( R , S )-3-piperidinecarboxamide because of its very low level of selectivity. In contrast, the cultured cells of recombinant E . coli producing Cs AM could hydrolyze both ( R , S )- N -benzyl-3-piperidinecarboxamide and ( R , S )-3-piperidinecarboxamide with high S -selectivity.
An experiment in developing small mobile phone applications comparing on-phone to off-phone development

TouchDevelop represents a radically new mobile application development model, as TouchDevelop enables mobile application development on a mobile device. I.e., with TouchDevelop, the task of programming say a Windows Phone is shifted from the desktop computer to the mobile phone itself. We describe a first experiment on independent, non-expert subjects to compare programmer productivity using TouchDevelop vs. using a more traditional approach to mobile application development.
Measurement of hydrodynamic force generation by swimming dolphins using bubble DPIV.

Attempts to measure the propulsive forces produced by swimming dolphins have been limited. Previous uses of computational hydrodynamic models and gliding experiments have provided estimates of thrust production by dolphins, but these were indirect tests that relied on various assumptions. The thrust produced by two actively swimming bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) was directly measured using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). For dolphins swimming in a large outdoor pool, the DPIV method used illuminated microbubbles that were generated in a narrow sheet from a finely porous hose and a compressed air source. The movement of the bubbles was tracked with a high-speed video camera. Dolphins swam at speeds of 0.7 to 3.4 m s −1 within the bubble sheet oriented along the midsagittal plane of the animal. The wake of the dolphin was visualized as the microbubbles were displaced because of the action of the propulsive flukes and jet flow. The oscillations of the dolphin flukes were shown to generate strong vortices in the wake. Thrust production was measured from the vortex strength through the Kutta–Joukowski theorem of aerodynamics. The dolphins generated up to 700 N during small amplitude swimming and up to 1468 N during large amplitude starts. The results of this study demonstrated that bubble DPIV can be used effectively to measure the thrust produced by large-bodied dolphins.
A time-frequency training-based approach for robust classification of unknown transients with unknown arrival time and doppler shift

Abstract We present a training-based approach for the classification of noisy unknown transient signals with arbitrary range and Doppler shift (time and frequency shifts). The ambiguity function, which is the 2-D inverse Fourier transform of the Wigner time-frequency distribution of the signal, is utilized to remove the unknown time and frequency shifts. An ambiguity domain template is then generated from labeled training data (tens of observations), and classification is performed using an inner product. The method is tested on synthetic transient signals in Gaussian noise and performs as well as or better than another recently proposed time-frequency based method, and an energy detector, particularly when limited training data are available.
The Yoruba and Religious Change

Evolution religieuse des Yoruba du Nigeria depuis l'installation des premieres missions chretiennes au debut du XIX siecle. Histoire de la Fraternite Ogboni, souvent classe dans la categorie des societes secretes.
Real-Time Hybrid Simulation Using Shake Tables and Dynamic Actuators

The development and implementation of the real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS), a seismic response simulation method with a combination of numerical computation and physical specimens excited by shake tables and auxiliary actuators, are presented. The structure to be simulated is divided into one or more experimental and computational substructures. The loadings generated by the seismic excitations at the interfaces between the experimental and computational substructures, in terms of accelerations and forces, are imposed by shake tables and actuators in a step-by-step manner at a real-time rate. The measured displacement and velocity responses of the experimental substructure are fed back to determine the loading commands of the next time step. The unique aspect of the aforementioned hybrid simulation method is the versatile implementation of inertia forces and a force-based substructuring. The general formulation of RTHS enables this hybrid simulation method being executed as real-time pseudodynamic (PSD) testing, dynamic testing, and a combination of both, depending on the availability of the laboratory testing equipment and their capacity. The derivation of the general formulation and the corresponding testing system are presented in this paper. Numerical simulation and physical experiment were conducted on the RTHS of a three-story structural model. Simulation and experimental results verify the concept of the proposed general formulation of RTHS and the feasibility of the developed corresponding controller platform.
Applications of a dynamically aligned, rapid- and step-scan interferometer

Step-scanning FT-IR has recently attracted increasing attention, and has novel applications in photoacoustic spectroscopy, time-resolved spectroscopy, and in multiple modulation experiments like vibrational dichroism (where clear separation of the frequencies is critical) and 2-D IR studies. The design and performance of a new dynamically-aligned interferometer which is capable of kinetic scan rates, conventional rapid-scanning, and also step-scan operation have been described. This paper discusses applications of this interferometer.
Dual-surface dielectric depth detector for holographic millimeter-wave security scanners

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is presently deploying millimeter-wave whole body scanners at over 20 airports in the United States. Threats that may be concealed on a person are displayed to the security operator of this scanner. "Passenger privacy is ensured through the anonymity of the image. The officer attending the passenger cannot view the image, and the officer viewing the image is remotely located and cannot see the passenger. Additionally, the image cannot be stored, transmitted or printed and is deleted immediately after being viewed. Finally, the facial area of the image has been blurred to further ensure privacy." Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) originated research into this novel security technology which has been independently commercialized by L-3 Communications, SafeView, Inc. PNNL continues to perform fundamental research into improved software techniques which are applicable to the field of holographic security screening technology. This includes performing significant research to remove human features from the imagery. Both physical and software imaging techniques have been employed. The physical imaging techniques include polarization diversity illumination and reception, dual frequency implementation, and high frequency imaging at 100 GHz. This paper will focus on a software privacy technique using a dual surface dielectric depth detector method.
Effects of shell stress on the growth of hermit crabs

Abstract Growth rates of the hermit crabs Pagurus longicarpus Say and P. pollicaris Say maintained in preferred shells and in shells smaller than the preferred size have been compared. Changes in wet weight, shield length, and duration of the molt cycle were determined. Crabs in preferred shells grew significantly faster than those in small shells. P. pollicaris molted at approximately the same rate in both cases but grew more each molt in preferred shells. Von Bertalanffy growth curves were fitted to changes in shield length among crabs in preferred shells. These curves indicate that P. longicarpus may mature four months after settling from the plankton and reach its asymptotic size within the next eight months while P. pollicaris also matures four months after leaving the plankton but does not reach its asymptotic size for approximately three years. The rapid growth of P. longicarpus may enable it to preempt shells which are required for the successful brooding of a large clutch before these shells are required by more aggressive competitors, such as P. pollicaris and Clibanarius vittatus .