cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blood pressure lability and glomerulosclerosis after normotensive 5/6 renal mass reduction in the rat.

Blood pressure lability and glomerulosclerosis after normotensive 5/6 renal mass reduction in the rat. Background Hypertension plays a major role in the progression of both experimental and clinical chronic renal disease. However, the pathogenesis of the more slowly developing glomerulosclerosis that is seen even in the absence of overt hypertension, both in renal mass reduction models and in humans with chronic renal disease, remains controversial. Methods The relationship of such glomerulosclerosis to the ambient blood pressure profiles was examined in the normotensive ∼5/6 surgical excision rat remnant kidney model. Blood pressure was radiotelemetrically monitored at 10-minute intervals for 15 to 16weeks (∼15,000 blood pressure readings) in untreated rats ( N = 13), or those treated with enalapril ( N = 8), amlodipine ( N = 9), or a combination of hydralazine, reserpine, and hydrochlorothiazide ( N = 10). Results Even in these normotensive rats (systolic blood pressure r = 0.62, P N = 40). However, much stronger correlations were observed between glomerulosclerosis and the % systolic blood pressure readings >150mm Hg ( r = 0.77, P r = 0.87, P Conclusion These data indicate that pressure dependent injury mechanisms continue to contribute to glomerular injury even within the "normotensive" blood pressure range in rats with reduced renal mass. This most likely represents the consequence of the impairment of protective renal autoregulation and enhanced glomerular transmission of the blood pressure fluctuations into the hypertensive range characteristic of the conscious state in both experimental animals and in humans. Such pathophysiology supports the need for more aggressive and around-the-clock blood pressure control in chronic renal disease.
EVALUATION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS. I. SCREENING OF SELECTED POLYMERS AS FILM COATING AGENTS.

A procedure has been developed for the systematic evaluation of mechanical, thermal, and stability properties of polymeric materials through the study of unsupported films. Films of selected vinyl, acrylic, and cellulosic polymers were prepared by the knife edge applicator method and the mercury substrate technique. The mercury substrate technique afforded superior control of film thickness and facilitated film removal. Films that were very permeable to water vapor were rather impermeable to oxygen and vice versa. This relationship is discussed as it relates to a combination of the hydrophilic-lipophilic and pore theories of film structure. The unsupported vinyl films possessed superior mechanical properties of those tested. Moisture absorption by the polymer films was negligible. There was no discernible decomposition according to infrared analysis of the films, due to thermal, photo-oxidation, and/or aging effects.
Pseudorandomness for Permutation and Regular Branching Programs

We prove the existence of a polynomial time computable pseudorandom generator that $\epsilon$-fools constant width regular read-once branching programs of length $n$ using a seed of length $O(\log n \cdot \log(1/\epsilon)) $. The previous best pseudorandom generator for regular branching programs used a seed of length $O(\log n \cdot (\log \log n + \log (1/\epsilon) )$, and was due to Braverman et. al. and Brody and Verbin (FOCS 2010). Our pseudorandom generator is the INW generator due to Impagliazzo et. al. (STOC 1994). Our work shares some similarity with the recent work of Kouck\'{y} et. al. (STOC 2011)who get similar seed length for permutation branching programs. However, our work proceeds by analyzing the eigenvalues of the stochastic matrices that arise in the transitions of the branching program which arguably makes the technique more robust. As a corollary of our techniques, we present new results on the ``small biased spaces for group products'' problem by Meka and Zuckerman (RANDOM 2009). We get a pseudorandom generator with seed length $ \log n \cdot (\log |G|+ \log (1/\epsilon))$. Previously, using the result of Kouck\'{y} et. al., it was possible to get a seed length of $\log n \cdot (|G|^{O(1)} + \log (1/\epsilon))$ for this problem.
Lower and Upper Extremity Arterial Bypasses in 38 Preadolescent Children

Results: 312 patients underwent revascularization; 194 with open and 118 with endoscopic GSV harvest. There were no differences between groups in age, medical comorbidities, smoking status, prior interventions, treatment indication (CLI: 81% OVH, 83% EVH), or proximal/distal anastomotic site. Mean operative times were 262 minutes for OVH and 323 minutes for EVH (P < .001). Mean follow-up was 556 days (OVH) and 595 days (EVH). 18% of OVH grafts and 28% of EVH grafts had an intervention during follow-up (P 1⁄4 .048). Median time to intervention was 201 days (OVH) vs 126 days (EVH) (P 1⁄4 .192). Amongst interventions, there was no difference in the number that were surgical: 51.4% (OVH) vs 63.6% (EVH) (P 1⁄4 .337). Mean number of stenoses treated per intervention was 1.1 (OVH) vs 1.2 (EVH) (P 1⁄4 .552). Median stenosis length was 2.1 cm (OVH) vs 2.6 cm (EVH) (P 1⁄4 .724). Three-year primary patency was 51% (OVH) vs 41% (EVH) (P 1⁄4 .057). Secondary patency at three years was 72% (OVH) vs 63% (EVH) (P 1⁄4 .325). Overall and harvest related wound complications were 44.8% and 28% (OVH) vs 33.9% and 10.8% (EVH) (P 1⁄4 .059 and P < .001). Limb salvage for CLI was 88.9% (OVH) and 91.2% (EVH) at 3 years (P 1⁄4 .646). Conclusions: OVH and EVH have similar long-term patency, failure mechanisms and limb salvage. Harvest related wound complications are less with EVH but overall wound complications are similar and operative times are longer for EVH and more interventions are required for EVH to maintain patency. Open GSV harvest is preferred to EVH for infrainguinal reconstructions in a predominantly CLI population.
A Study on Latent Vulnerabilities

Software code reuse has long been touted as a reliable and efficient software development paradigm. Whilst this practice has numerous benefits, it is inherently susceptible to latent vulnerabilities. Source code which is re-used without being patched for various reasons may result in vulnerable binaries, despite the vulnerabilities being made publicly known. To aggravate matters, crackers have access to information on these vulnerabilities as well. Defenders need to ensure all loopholes are patched, while attackers need just one such loophole. In this work, we define latent vulnerabilities, and study the prevalence of the problem. This provides us the motivation, and an insight into the future work to be done in solving the problem. Our results show that unpatched source files which are more than one year old are commonly used in the latest operating systems. In fact, several of these files are more than ten years old. We explore the premises of using symbols in identifying binaries and conclude that they are insufficient in solving the problem. Additionally, we discuss two possible approaches to solve the problem.
A generalization of singularity handling procedure for the calculation of MoM impedance matrix terms

In this paper, a generalization for a singularity treatment method, suitable for MoM impedance matrix calculations, was presented. The modification was implemented as a generalization of the definition of area coordinates in which negative values are permitted. A general rule for an automatic calculation of the generalized area coordinates was introduced. The modified STM was tested numerically against accurate GL method.
Overview of analogue signal encryption

The paper is a review of the subject of analogue encryption. The rank correlation approach to the study of permutations is also reviewed. Some families of permutations that have been used in scrambling systems are described. The problems of analogue encryption, as well as its scope, are analysed.
Systems-level cancer gene identification from protein interaction network topology applied to melanogenesis-related functional genomics data

Many real-world phenomena have been described in terms of large networks. Networks have been invaluable models for the understanding of biological systems. Since proteins carry out most biological processes, we focus on analysing protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Proteins interact to perform a function. Thus, PPI networks reflect the interconnected nature of biological processes and analysing their structural properties could provide insights into biological function and disease. We have already demonstrated, by using a sensitive graph theoretic method for comparing topologies of node neighbourhoods called ‘graphlet degree signatures’, that proteins with similar surroundings in PPI networks tend to perform the same functions. Here, we explore whether the involvement of genes in cancer suggests the similarity of their topological ‘signatures’ as well. By applying a series of clustering methods to proteins' topological signature similarities, we demonstrate that the obtained clusters are significantly enriched with cancer genes. We apply this methodology to identify novel cancer gene candidates, validating 80 per cent of our predictions in the literature. We also validate predictions biologically by identifying cancer-related negative regulators of melanogenesis identified in our siRNA screen. This is encouraging, since we have done this solely from PPI network topology. We provide clear evidence that PPI network structure around cancer genes is different from the structure around non-cancer genes. Understanding the underlying principles of this phenomenon is an open question, with a potential for increasing our understanding of complex diseases.
Alcohol Consumption and Lower Extremity Arterial Disease among Older Adults The Cardiovascular Health Study

Few studies of the relation of alcohol intake to lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD) have included clinical events and objective measurements repeated longitudinally. As part of the Cardiovascular Health Study, a study of older adults from four US communities, 5,635 participants reported their use of beer, wine, and spirits yearly. Incident LEAD was identified by hospitalization surveillance. Technicians measured ankle-brachial index 6 years apart in 2,298 participants. A total of 172 cases of LEAD were documented during a mean of 7.5 years of follow-up between 1989 and 1999. Compared with abstention, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71, 1.71) for <1 alcoholic drink per week, 0.56 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.95) for 1-13 drinks per week, and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.97) for ≥14 drinks per week (p for quadratic trend = 0.04). These relations were consistent within strata of sex, age, and apolipoprotein E genotype, and neither lipids nor inflammatory markers appeared to be important intermediates. Change in ankle-brachial index showed a similar relation (p for quadratic trend = 0.01). Alcohol consumption of 1-13 drinks per week in older adults may be associated with lower risk of LEAD, but heavier drinking is not associated with lower risk.
Seduction theory and the recovery of feminine aesthetics: Implications for rhetorical criticism

This essay addresses applications of rhetorical criticism to seduction theory. Recently recovered and articulated by post‐modern and neo‐sophistic theorists, critics judge seductive aesthetics both liberating and subversive insofar as they lessen woman's dependency upon the patriarchal scripts of logocentric rhetorics. Seductive stratagems include affective appeals, teasing, withdrawing, and a demeanor mirroring charm, allure, and enchantment. This essay addresses issues relative to rhetorical criticism and the interpretative value of seduction theory as a critical lens. Specifically, we explicate seduction theory and its critical bearing. We analyze, by way of illustration, Hillary Rodham Clinton's use of seductive appeals as an “undecided” candidate for the United States Senate. The First Lady's forestalled candidacy, listening tour, and identity management, we posit, reveal rhetorical choices constituted in seduction theory.
Classes of linear automata

This paper discusses a division of one-dimensional cellular automata into classes which seem to correspond to different types of behaviour.
Lymphoproliferative disease after lung transplantation: comparison of presentation and outcome of early and late cases.

Abstract Background: Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) after lung transplantation has not been fully characterized. In previous studies, the incidence has varied substantially, and most cases have been reported during the first year after transplantation. The purpose of this study was to review our center’s experience with PTLD and to analyze the pattern of disease and determinants of outcome. Methods Among 494 adult lung (n = 491) or heart–lung (n = 3) recipients, 30 cases of PTLD were retrospectively identified. The cases were classified by site(s) of involvement, histology and time of onset (early, ≤1 year, and late, >1 year after transplantation). The outcome of each case was ascertained, and risk factors for death were analyzed in a multivariate model. Results PTLD was identified in 30 (6.1%) of the recipients during 1,687 patient-years (median 2.8 years) of follow-up. The incidence density was 1.8 cases per 100 patient-years. Fourteen cases were diagnosed during the first year after transplantation, and 16 cases in subsequent years. The incidence density was significantly higher in the first year than in later years (3.3 cases/100 patient-years versus 1.3 cases/100 patient years; p Conclusions The presentation and pattern of organ involvement of PTLD after lung transplantation is related to the time of onset. Disease in the thorax and involvement of the allograft are common in the first year after transplantation, but other sites, especially the gastrointestinal tract, predominate later. PTLD that is confined to the allograft appears to have a somewhat better prognosis than disease that involves other sites.
Scattering of SH-waves by a Porous Slab - Approximate Solution

This work is concerned with the propagation of time-harmonic waves in an unbounded elastic solid containing empty cylindrical cavities that are randomly distributed in a slab region. It is known that, for an incident antiplane (SH) wave, the average wave motion in the solid is governed by an integro-differential equation. An approximate solution to this equation is obtained by assuming that the average wave motion inside the slab is the sum of a forward attenuated wave and a backward attenuated wave. It is shown that this approximation yields accurate results for the attenuation, velocity, reflection, and transmission in the solid.
Structural chemistry of magnéli phases TinO2n−1 (4 ≤ n ≤ 9). I. Cell and structure comparisons

Abstract A body-centered triclinic cell based on the mesh in the shear plane and the period along the pseudo rutile chains is proposed for comparisons of the members of the title series. This cell permits a simple and systematic formulation of the S. Andersson and L. Jahnberg (1961, Ark. Kemi 21, 413) model both for the cell parameters with c = (2n − 1) crutile as the only variable cell parameter and for the atomic positions. The parameters b, β, and γ are found experimentally to obey the model closely, while a and α show a deviation from the model which is proportional to the oxygen deficiency with respect to rutile. The experimental c parameter is shorter by 0.26 ± 3 A than its value from the model. This shortening is due to the approximate mutual compensation of three structural deviations from the model: the repulsion of the face-sharing Ti atoms, the shortening of the TiTi distances in the chain, and the inclination of the chains toward the interior of the cell.
Safety evaluation of computer hardware and software

A general and formal definition of the term safety usable for any application and a powerful methodology to compute safety figures of merit are presented in this paper. The method of computing safety figures is developed considering the physical faults. Different approaches are described to reduce the complexity associated with the safety evaluation. An example is presented to illustrate the basic concepts. The applicability of the described method to software systems is finally discussed.
Principles of Cardiovascular Neural Regulation in Health and Disease

Alberto Malliani 222 pp. Norwell, Mass: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2000. $160. ISBN 0-7923-7775-3 Medicine and science today increasingly focus on a reductionist approach to solve their mysteries and provide greater understanding of the mechanisms of disease. Principles of Cardiovascular Neural Regulation in Health and Disease offers a refreshing perspective that emphasizes the whole organism, particularly human subjects, and gives researchers and physicians an integrative conception of the control mechanisms operative in normal and pathophysiological situations. The book concentrates on neural control of the cardiovascular system and assesses both negative and positive feedback mechanisms. The theme is sympathovagal balance using spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability, incorporating linear and nonlinear techniques. What differentiates this text from so many others is the philosophical and ethical approach that this author takes in providing an analysis of current, noninvasive methods used to assess function of the autonomic nervous system in regulating cardiovascular function. In his long and distinguished career as a basic and clinical scientist, Dr Malliani has worked broadly in Europe and the United States to achieve an understanding of neural regulation of the cardiovascular system. His early studies focused on …
Hilltopping Behavior by Three Species of Tachytes Wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)

Abstract Although hilltopping behavior has rarely been reported for crabronid wasps, three species of Tachytes wasps defend hilltop perch sites in central Arizona during the late summer. All three species (T. ermineus, T. spatulatus, and T. sculleni) can be found at the same hilltop during August and September and they perch in many of the same plants at this location. The three species are, however, spatially segregated to some extent in that T. ermineus perches very near the top of large shrubs and small palo verde trees on the hilltop, T. spatulatus perches somewhat lower within many of these same plants, while T. sculleni perches very close to or on the ground about the outer edges of shrubs growing on the hilltop. Males of all three species tend to be site faithful with marked males returning to their perch sites over several days. In experiments in which resident males of T. spatulatus were removed, the replacements that arrived to occupy the trees tended to be smaller, suggesting that large body si...
Systematics and position of Nephrops among the lobsters.

Abstract This chapter presents and explains the position of Nephrops norvegicus in the classification of lobsters. Covered, in order, are systematic classification of Nephrops, taxonomic history of Nephrops, and analysis of Nephrops in nephropid phylogeny. The genus Nephrops was erected by Leach in 1814 and has a long and interesting taxonomic history. Prior to 1972, Nephrops was known by 14 Recent species. All but one of these, N. norvegicus, were removed to a new genus, Metanephrops, by Jenkins (1972) . Today, N. norvegicus is still the only known living representative of the genus. Similarly, Nephrops is known by only one fossil species, the Miocene Nephrops kvistgaardae, although several other fossil species have been previously referred to this genus. Nephrops, along with the other familiar and commercially important marine clawed lobsters, is referred to Family Nephropidae, one of 17 marine clawed lobster families arrayed in 3 infraorders, 6 families each in the Astacidea and Glypheidea and 5 in the Polychelida. Infraorder Astacidea includes the Superfamily Nephropoidea, as well as the lesser known ‘reef lobsters’ of the Superfamily Enoplometopoidea, and the freshwater crayfish, Superfamily Astacoidea. In phylogenetic analyses, the freshwater crayfish form a sister group to the Nephropoidea. It is interpreted that freshwater crayfish evolved from nephropoid lobsters, but from which lobster group is uncertain. The taxonomic placement of N. norvegicus is stable at all levels, from species on up. Despite that, the phylogenetic relationships of Nephrops to other nephropid genera are unsettled due to conflicting results in morphological and molecular analyses. Currently, new morphological characters and new genes are being analysed in the hope of elucidating nephropid phylogeny.
Experimental Study of Flexural-Torsional Buckling

The results of an experimental study, 48 tests, of the flexural-torsional buckling behavior of two-span beams and rigid frames are presented and compared with the theoretically predicted behavior: the greatest difference between experiment and theory is 18%. The variables considered are the axial and torsional stiffness of the lateral bracing attached to the beam at the interior support and to the rigid frame at the knee.
Mitochondrial NAD(P)H, ADP, oxidative phosphorylation, and contraction in isolated heart cells

To examine the relationship between mitochondrial NADH (NADHm) and cardiac work output, NADHm and the amplitude and frequency of the contractile response of electrically paced rat heart cells were ...
Optimization of Resonantly Cladding-Pumped Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers for Space-Borne Optical Communication Systems

Parametric numerical optimizations of multi-watt resonantly-pumped dual-clad EDFAs are modeled using a two-level propagation model modified to include LMA-fiber effects. Results indicate over 54% power-conversion efficiency using commercial fibers, and over 80% using custom fibers.
Zur Theorie der Strukturviskosität. I

In ubereinstimmung mit fruheren Arbeiten anderer Autoren ist das Auftreten von Strukturviskositat an die drei Materialkonstantenη0,η∞ undγ gebunden. Um die Erscheinung formelma\ig zu erfassen, ist folgender Ansatz fur das Volumelement gewahlt worden: {ie16-01}
Systematic dissemination of a preschool physical activity intervention to the control preschools

For public health interventions to have a meaningful impact on public health, they must be disseminated to the wider population. Systematic planning and evaluation of dissemination efforts can aid translation from experimental trials to larger dissemination programs. The Study of Health and Activity in Preschool Environments (SHAPES) was a group-randomized intervention trial conducted in 16 preschools that successfully increased the physical activity of preschool age children. Following the completion of the research study protocol, the intervention was abbreviated, modified and implemented in four preschools that participated as control preschools in the original research study. The purposes of the current study were to describe the process of refining the intervention for dissemination to the control preschools, and to assess the acceptability of the resulting abbreviated intervention delivery. Five overarching behavioral objectives, informed by process evaluation, data from the original trial and collaboration with intervention teachers, were used to guide the implementation. Teachers in the dissemination classrooms reported high levels of acceptability, potential for sustainability of the program, and positive results in knowledge, skills, and child outcomes. Researchers can include a systematic approach to dissemination of effective intervention elements to the control participants in experimental studies to inform future dissemination efforts and begin to bridge the dissemination gap.
Macromolecule Sorption and Diffusion in HEMA/MAA Hydrogels

Transient solute absorption and desorption concentration profiles were measured in a 70 wt % hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)/30 wt % methacrylic acid (MAA) anionic hydrogel using two-photon confocal microscopy. Dilute aqueous solutes included fluorescently labeled dextrans with molecular masses of 4, 10, and 20 kDa, and fluorescently labeled cationic avidin protein. Cross-linking densities with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) varied from 0 to 1 wt % with polymer volume fractions increasing from 0.15 to 0.25. Average gel mesh sizes, determined from zero-frequency oscillatory shear storage moduli, ranged from about 3.6 to 8.4 nm over the cross-link ratios studied. All solutes exhibit Stokes–Einstein hydrodynamic radii obtained from measured free diffusion coefficients, Do, comparable to or larger than the average gel mesh size. In spite of considerable size exclusion, the studied solutes penetrate the gels indicating a range of mesh sizes available for transport. Transient uptake and release concent...
Chemical Analysis of the Defensive Scent Fluid from the Bug Mozena obtusa (Hemiptera: Coreidae)

Of the several species of larger true bugs that live on mesquite ( Prosopis sp.) in Travis County, Tex., Mozena obtusa Uhler appears to be as numerous as any, especially from May into September.
Teaching Patient Safety Using an Interprofessional Team-Based Learning Simulation Model in Residency Training

Abstract Introduction Teaching and learning patient safety require demonstration of competencies such as teamwork, communication skills, and recognition of systems error. This patient safety TBL si...
The Attenuated Total Reflection Method

Publisher Summary Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) is essentially a technique for determining the optical constants of thin-film samples that includes the refractive index and the absorption coefficient. It differs from other better-known procedures—such as ellipsometry and reflectometry, in the respect that ATR probes the sample with an evanescent wave rather than a collimated beam of light. Evanescent waves near an interface decay away exponentially over a distance comparable to the wavelength. There is no energy transport across the interface, and thus the reflectivity is unity. However, for very specific conditions, an evanescent wave can be made to interact with the material in its field and energy can be transported. In this case, the reflectivity is lesser than unity and hence the term “attenuated total reflectivity.” The ATR technique is useful not only to obtain the optical constants of thin films, but more generally to study a variety of surface phenomena. The chapter presents examples from recent literature to exemplify its versatility and its limitations.
Task assignment and scheduling in fault-tolerant distributed real-time systems

Task assignment and scheduling are two important problems for the design of distributed systems. However, due to system complexity and large task numbers, finding optimal solutions is usually very difficult. In this paper, we develop a heuristic algorithm to perform task assignment and scheduling in fault-tolerant distributed real-time systems. In static, the algorithm computes task assignment quickly to find sub-optimal solutions satisfying all requirements. During system operation, the periods of tasks under different fault conditions are dynamically adjusted to adapt to the loss of system resources. Our goal aims at improving system performance by fully utilizing computing resources, including all spare units. Analytical and simulation results are provided to evaluate the efficiency of this algorithm. >
Multivariate autoregressive time series using Schweppe weighted Wilcoxon estimates

The vector autoregressive model in multivariate time series analysis is commonly used across different fields due to its simplicity in application. The traditional method for estimating the model parameters is the least squares minimization. However, since least squares estimates are sensitive to outliers, more robust techniques have become of interest. This paper investigates a robust alternative by obtaining the estimates using a weighted Wilcoxon dispersion with Schweppe weights. Under the so-called innovations outlier model where outliers are introduced through the error distribution, the proposed estimator is shown to be asymptotically multivariate normal, centered about the true model parameters, at a rate of \(n^{-\frac{1} {2} }\). In addition, a Monte Carlo study is presented to evaluate the performance of various estimators. The study results suggest that the Schweppe-weighted Wilcoxon estimates will generally have best performance. This result is most noticeable under the presence of additive outliers or when the series is closer to non-stationarity.
Nationwide cross-sectional adherence to mammography screening guidelines: national behavioral risk factor surveillance system survey results

Varying recommendations about breast cancer screening have generated much confusion about when and how often to undergo mammography screening, yet there is limited population-based data about the extent to which patients adhere to various mammographic screening guidelines in practice. Our purpose was to evaluate population-based adherence to mammographic screening using criteria from major guideline-producing organizations. Women aged 40–74 in the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey were included. Self-reported mammographic screening within 1 or 2 years, according to major guideline-producing organizations (American Cancer Society [ACS], US Preventative Services Task Force [USPSTF], American College of Radiology [ACR], American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG]) was calculated with logistic regression, adjusting for demographics and indices of access to health care. 159,123 women were included. By age category, cross-sectional adherence to USPSTF guidelines ranged from 76 to 81%, ACS (55–81%) and ACR/ACOG (45–64%) with increasing age being associated improved adherence. The highest proportions of women undergoing mammographic screening were seen in women ages 65–69 (66% within last year, 81% within last 2 years). Statistically significant predictors of adherence to mammography screening included increased income category (OR 1.08, 1.07–1.09), higher education category (OR 1.13, 1.11–1.16), and increased access to health care (OR 2.25, 1.94–2.60), adjusted for age categories. Adherence to mammography screening was closest to USPSTF guidelines with 76–81% cross-sectional adherence. Frequency of screening increases with age with highest screening proportions in women ages 65–69 (66% within last year, 81% within last 2 years). For all screening guidelines, adherence to mammography screening remains poor in women with limited access to health insurance with less than half of women obtaining recommended screening.
Competent or Warm? A Stereotype Content Model Approach to Understanding Perceptions of Masculine and Effeminate Gay Television Characters:

Invoking the stereotype content model (SCM), two studies examined how television portrayals of gay men are arrayed in terms of warmth and competence. Participants were exposed to a sitcom and asked...
Title IX in Action: An Evaluation and Prognosis of the Implementation of Coeducational Programs

(1980). Title IX in Action. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 20-21.
Effect of Microstructure on the Ballistic Performance of Alumina

Results of a study of various dense Al2O3 bodies using a 22-caliber fragment simulator are presented showing that there is no significant correlation of ballistic performance with static tensile strength, surface finishes or single crystal orientations. In poly crystalline alumina a limited reduction in performance occurred with increasing grain size and a larger reduction was associated with certain impurities. The effect of impurities depends on their state and thus on methods of addition and thermal histories. Results are discussed in terms of possible microplasticity.
Informed refusal in the emergency department…is it really informed?

Diagnostic uncertainty, lack of a patient-physician relationship, resource restrictions, and time pressure can influence the informed consent process in the emergency department. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Learning to Like: Roles of Repeated Exposure and Other Types of Learning

Abstract Humans readily accept sweet tastes and reject those that are sour or bitter. While these predispositions were adaptive in earlier periods of human history, motivating humans to seek out calories and avoid potential poisons, they can set the stage for unhealthy eating habits in the modern obesogenic environment. Correspondingly, many children are not meeting dietary recommendations. Yet children's food preferences are malleable. In this chapter, we explore repeated exposure as a simple and promising technique for promoting healthy food preferences during infancy and childhood, as well as additional learning paradigms that have been studied alongside it. Based on the evidence supporting the roles of repeated exposure and other types of learning in the establishment of healthy food preferences, we conclude with recommendations of ways that caregivers and broader environments can support the development of healthier eating among children.
Sustainable, Low Flammability, Mechanically-Strong Poly(vinyl alcohol) Aerogels.

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), tannic acid (TA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used to prepare low-flammability, mechanically-strong aerogels via an environmentally-friendly freeze-drying method. Because of the strong interaction between TA and PVA through hydrogen bonds, PVA/TA/NaOH aerogels exhibited compressive moduli as high as 12.7 MPa, 20 times that of the control PVA aerogel. The microstructure of the aerogels in this study showed that the addition of NaOH disrupted the typical “card of house” aerogel structure, while the samples with TA showed a stereoscopic uniform structure. The thermal stabilities of aerogels were tested by thermogravimetric analysis, showing both a decrease on the onset of decomposition temperature, and a reduction in decomposition rate after initial char formation. The peak heat release rate and total heat release, as measured by cone calorimetry, dropped by 69% and 54%, respectively, after adding TA and NaOH.
Intrathecal Administration of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple System Atrophy Results in Growth Factor Spike (S12.002)

Objective: To explore the hypothesis that intrathecal administration of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) is associated with a measurable increase of neurotrophic factors in the spinal fluid. Background: Recent insights into pathophysiologic mechanisms in MSA suggest a critical role of neurotrophic factor deprivation. MSCs have been shown to secrete these factors in preclinical studies. We recently completed a phase I/II dose-escalation trial using intrathecal MSC administration in MSA suggesting dose-dependent slowing of disease progression. Design/Methods: Spinal fluid from 24 patients undergoing intrathecal delivery of adipose-derived autologous MSCs as part of the dose-escalation trial was collected at baseline as well as 1 and 4 weeks following MSC administrations. Patients received 10 (low-dose), 50 (medium-dose), or 100 million (high-dose) MSCs per injection. Neuronal growth factors (nerve growth factor, NGF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF; and glial-derived neurotrophic factor, GDNF) were measured utilizing a dedicated Millipore Luminex assay. Results: NGF was undetectable or only detectable at low levels (up to 0.54 pg/ml) at baseline. While there was no significant increase following MSC administration at the lowest dose-tier, NGF increased over 100-fold by one week after MSC administration with well-detectable levels for all patients in the medium, and even higher levels in the high-dose-tier. NGF levels decreased but remained markedly elevated 4 weeks after administration. BDNF and GDNF were undetectable at baseline but became detectable in 1 patient (13%) in the low-dose group and in 9 (56%) for BDNF and 8 (50%) for GDNF in the medium- and high-dose groups following MSC administration. Conclusions: Intrathecal administration of MSCs results in a marked, dose-dependent increase of neurotrophic factors. The dose-dependent effect on growth factor production which parallels the dose-dependent clinical effects supports the hypothesis of growth factor support as an important mechanism by which MSCs can positively influence disease progression in MSA. Study Supported by: NIH (P01NS44233, U54NS065736, K23NS075141, R01FD004789, R01NS092625, UL1TR000135), Cure MSA Foundation, and Mayo Funds. Disclosure: Dr. Singer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schmeichel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Minota has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zeller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schmelzer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gehrking has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sletten has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gehrking has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dietz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Low has nothing to disclose.
Consequences of saturation mutagenesis of the protein ligand to the B-side monomeric bacteriochlorophyll in reaction centers from Rhodobacter capsulatus

In bacterial reaction centers (RCs), photon-induced initial charge separation uses an A-side bacteriochlorophyll (BChl, BA) and bacteriopheophytin (BPh, HA), while the near-mirror image B-side BB and HB cofactors are inactive. Two new sets of Rhodobacter capsulatus RC mutants were designed, both bearing substitution of all amino acids for the native histidine M180 (M-polypeptide residue 180) ligand to the core Mg ion of BB. Residues are identified that largely result in retention of a BChl in the BB site (Asp, Ser, Pro, Gln, Asn, Gly, Cys, Lys, and Thr), ones that largely harbor the Mg-free BPh in the BB site (Leu and Ile), and ones for which isolated RCs are comprised of a substantial mixture of these two RC types (Ala, Glu, Val, Met and, in one set, Arg). No protein was isolated when M180 is Trp, Tyr, Phe, or (in one set) Arg. These findings are corroborated by ground state spectra, pigment extractions, ultrafast transient absorption studies, and the yields of B-side transmembrane charge separation. The changes in coordination chemistries did not reveal an RC with sufficiently precise poising of the redox properties of the BB-site cofactor to result in a high yield of B-side electron transfer to HB. Insights are gleaned into the amino acid properties that support BChl in the BB site and into the widely observed multi-exponential decay of the excited state of the primary electron donor. The results also have direct implications for tuning free energies of the charge-separated intermediates in RCs and mimetic systems.
Staging the Revolution (in Politics 101).

One of the most frustrating tasks in teaching “Introduction to Politics” is to convey a tangible, realistic sense of what revolution means to American undergraduate students. Insulated as most Americans are from the turbulence of political upheaval (which is actually the norm for many of the world's nation-states), ongoing revolutions around the world are very far away from their own concerns. As a result, I decided to take a chance and engage in some of my own revolutionary teaching and stage a revolution in the classroom. I conspired in advance with several graduate students who were strategically positioned throughout the large lecture hall. For the experiment to succeed, authenticity had to be the key. I seized upon one of the students' main concerns and frustrations with the course: the protracted and inconvenient scheduling of their weekly sections with the teaching assistants. Half-way through one lecture I announced a change in the T.A. assignments. One student “rebel” (one of the plants) vehemently vocalized the class' sense of outrage. My altercation with him (as I autocratically asserted my role as authority) resulted in my telling him to leave the class. When he refused, I called on my teaching assistant (“lackey running dog”) to go to the dean's office (calling on higher authority and perhaps force) to quash this rebellion. When the teaching assistant attempted to exit, the rebel physically prevented him from leaving the room (true insurrection). As I went to break up the confrontation, I was expelled, along with the teaching assistant, from the lecture hall (overthrow).
Ecstasy induced acute systolic heart failure and Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy in a young female: a rare case report and literature review.

ABSTRACTEcstasy or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an illicit recreational drug. Effects include euphoria, increased sensory awareness, and central stimulation. Although various arrhyth...
Enhancing the lithium-ion conductivity in Li2SrTa2-xNbxO7 (x = 0–2)

Abstract The lithium-ion conductivity in layered oxides, Li2SrTa2O7, Li2SrTaNbO7, and Li2SrNb2O7 has been demonstrated. Neutron and X-ray diffraction experiments were used for structural characterization, and confirmed that these compounds feature the so-called Ruddlesden-Popper structure, containing bilayer stacks of TaO6 or NbO6 octahedra, separated by layers of lithium ions, consistent with a previous report on the structure of the two end members. Variable-temperature impedance spectroscopy experiments show a methodical increase in the lithium-ion conductivity: Li2SrTa2O7
Towards a Treatment for Genetic Prion Disease: Trials and Biomarkers

Prion disease is a rare, fatal, and exceptionally rapid neurodegenerative disease. Although incurable, prion disease follows a clear pathogenic mechanism, in which a single gene gives rise to a single prion protein (PrP) capable of converting into the sole causal disease agent, the misfolded prion. As efforts progress to leverage this mechanistic knowledge toward rational therapies, a principal challenge will be the design of clinical trials. Previous trials in prion disease have been done in symptomatic patients who are often profoundly debilitated at enrolment. About 15% of prion disease cases are genetic, creating an opportunity for early therapeutic intervention to delay or prevent disease. Highly variable age of onset and absence of established prodromal biomarkers might render infeasible existing models for testing drugs before disease onset. Advancement of near-term targeted therapeutics could crucially depend on thoughtful design of rigorous presymptomatic trials.
Distribution of Meteorological Elements related to Conductor Icing at Southwest of China

Air temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind speed are related to the severity of conductor icing. In this paper, the distribution map of minimum air temperature, maximum precipitation, maximum humidity, and maximum wind speed in winter have been developed at southwest of China, with the aim of understanding the conductor icing characteristics. Due to the fact that the observed meteorological elements at southwest of China are limited, we utilize the re-analysis data generated by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. By utilizing the Gumbel I extreme value distribution model, we calculated extreme values of meteorological elements in a specific recurrence period, which are 30a, 50a, and 100a. The analysis of the minimum temperature, maximum precipitation, maximum humidity and maximum wind speed in winter under a specific recurrence period shows that OHLs at Tibet and Western Sichuan may suffers from icing issues. As a result, we should pay attention to the conductor icing at related area to operate OHLs more safety.
Condition-based maintenance optimization for multi-component systems subject to a system reliability requirement

ABSTRACT Prognostic methods for remaining useful life and reliability prediction have been extensively studied in the past decade. However, the use of prognostic information and methods in maintenance decision-making for complex systems is still an underexplored area. In this paper, using a rolling-horizon approach, we develop a condition-based maintenance decision-framework for a multi-component system subject to a system reliability requirement. The system is inspected periodically and new degradation information on components is obtained upon inspection. The new degradation observations are used to update the posterior distributions of the failure model parameters via Bayesian updating, providing more accurate and customized predictive reliabilities. If the predictive system reliability is below the reliability requirement, a novel dynamic-priority-based heuristic algorithm is used to identify a group of components for preventive maintenance. Numerical results show that significant cost savings and improved system reliabilities can be obtained by using more accurate predictive information in maintenance decision-making. We further illustrate the modeling flexibility of the proposed framework by considering dynamic environmental information in decision-making and investigate the potential benefits of incorporating dynamic contexts.
How to get someone to play with you: Format differences in recruiting others to participate in family play activities

Abstract In this paper I examine how children and their parents engage the participation of others specifically in the context of play. Video-recorded data from everyday family interactions with at least one child between the ages of 3 and 6 were collected. In this paper I analyze the activity of recruiting, finding that wanna-format recruiting is more versatile than let's-format recruiting. Let's-format recruiting occurs only when the interactants are already engaged in an activity together, whereas wanna-format recruiting can occur then and when the interactants are not engaged together in an activity. This paper has implications for our understanding of participation in the context of play activities and the concept of recruitment. Data are in American and Canadian English.
Self-Directed Self-Assembly of 3D Tailored Block Copolymer Nanostructures.

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) provides a powerful tool to fabricate various 2D nanostructures. However, it still remains a challenge to extend DSA to make uniform and comp...
Fully Discrete Schwarz Waveform Relaxation on Two Bounded Overlapping Subdomains

Overlapping Schwarz waveform relaxation (SWR) provides space–time parallelism by iteratively solving partial differential equations (PDEs) over a time window on overlapping spatial subdomains. SWR has been studied for many problems at the continuous and discrete levels.
Review on the growth, properties and applications of self-assembled oxide–metal vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films—current and future perspectives

Self-assembled oxide–metal nanocomposite thin films have aroused great research interest owing to their wide range of functionalities, including metamaterials with plasmonic and hyperbolic optical properties, and ferromagnetic, ferroelectric and multiferroic behaviors. Oxide–metal nanocomposites typically self-assemble as metal particles in an oxide matrix or as a vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) with metal nanopillars embedded in an oxide matrix. Among them, the VAN architecture is particularly interesting due to the vertical strain control and highly anisotropic structure, enabling the epitaxial growth of materials with large lattice mismatch. In this review, the driving forces behind the formation of self-assembled oxide–metal VAN structures are discussed. Specifically, an updated in-plane strain compensation model based on the areal strain compensation concept has been proposed in this review, inspired by the prior linear strain compensation model. It provides a guideline for material selection for designing VAN systems, especially those involving complex orientation matching relationships. Based on the model, several case studies are discussed, comparing the microstructure and morphology of different oxide–metal nanocomposites by varying the oxide phase. Specific examples highlighting the coupling between the electrical, magnetic and optical properties are also discussed in the context of oxide–metal nanocomposites. Future research directions and needs are also discussed.