cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"Unlearning" automatic biases: The malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes.

The present research suggests that automatic and controlled intergroup biases can be modified through diversity education. In 2 experiments, students enrolled in a prejudice and conflict seminar showed significantly reduced implicit and explicit anti-Black biases, compared with control students. The authors explored correlates of prejudice and stereotype reduction. In each experiment, seminar students' implicit and explicit change scores positively covaried with factors suggestive of affective and cognitive processes, respectively. The findings show the malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes and suggest that these may effectively be changed through affective processes.
trans-activation by the hepatitis B virus X protein shows cell-type specificity.

Abstract The hepatitis B virus X protein can trans -activate transcription from many viral promoters. We show here that this trans -activation is cell-type but not species specific, and that only a subset of promoters is trans -activated in any particular cell type. Furthermore, the T/t-antigens from simian virus 40 suppress this trans -activation. We hypothesize that the X protein acts via cellular factors which are phylogenetically conserved and developmentally regulated and whose effects are blocked by the T/t-anitgens.
The profitability, seasonality and source of industry momentum

We systematically examine industry momentum on a global basis. The results show that industry momentum is profitable around the globe for various ranking and holding periods. The profits are larger in January than in other months. Industry momentum reverses in the long run and the reversal does not concentrate in January; these findings are consistent with behavioural explanations for the profitability of industry momentum.
A leak pathway for luminal protons in endosomes drives oncogenic signalling in glioblastoma

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling is a potent driver of glioblastoma, a malignant and lethal form of brain cancer. Disappointingly, inhibitors targeting receptor tyrosine kinase activity are not clinically effective and EGFR persists on the plasma membrane to maintain tumour growth and invasiveness. Here we show that endolysosomal pH is critical for receptor sorting and turnover. By functioning as a leak pathway for protons, the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE9 limits luminal acidification to circumvent EGFR turnover and prolong downstream signalling pathways that drive tumour growth and migration. In glioblastoma, NHE9 expression is associated with stem/progenitor characteristics, radiochemoresistance, poor prognosis and invasive growth in vitro and in vivo. Silencing or inhibition of NHE9 in brain tumour-initiating cells attenuates tumoursphere formation and improves efficacy of EGFR inhibitor. Thus, NHE9 mediates inside-out control of oncogenic signalling and is a highly druggable target for pan-specific receptor clearance in cancer therapy.
Elemental depth profiling of coated and surface-modified materials by GD-OES: hard coatings on cutting tools

Abstract Recent developments in glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES) resulted in establishing this technique as a powerful tool for quantitative elemental depth profile analysis of coating–substrate systems and surface-modified materials. The present status of GD-OES as an analytical discipline is reviewed, methodology of quantitative depth profile analysis is described and the resulting analytical performance is presented on examples of PVD/CVD hard coatings on cemented carbides and high-speed steels. It is shown that with GD-OES, it is possible to analyze the depth-resolved elemental composition of the coating and the substrate in a relatively simple experimental setup and with an accuracy approaching the bulk analysis of homogeneous materials.
Adaptive optimal controllers based on Generalized Policy Iteration in a continuous-time framework

In this paper we present two adaptive algorithms which offer solution to the continuous-time optimal control problem for nonlinear, affine in the inputs, time-invariant systems. Both algorithms were developed based on the Generalized Policy Iteration technique and involve adaptation of two neural network structures namely Actor, providing the control signal, and Critic, performing evaluation of the control performance. Despite the similarities, the two adaptive algorithms differ in the manner in which the adaptation takes place, required knowledge on the system dynamics, and formulation of the persistence of excitation requirement. The main difference is that one algorithm uses sequential adaptation of the actor and critic structures, i.e. while one is trained the other one is kept constant, while for the second algorithm the two neural networks are trained synchronously in a continuous-time fashion. The two algorithms are described in detail and proof of convergence is provided. Simulation results of applying the two algorithms for finding the optimal state feedback controller of a nonlinear system are also presented.
Ascending and descending projections from the superior olivary complex in guinea pigs: different cells project to the cochlear nucleus and the inferior colliculus.

The superior olivary complex is a source of ascending projections to the inferior colliculus and descending projections to the cochlear nucleus. We used multiple-labeling techniques with fluorescent retrograde tracers to determine whether individual superior olivary cells project to the inferior colliculus and the cochlear nucleus. Almost all labeled cells contained one tracer, suggesting that they projected to only one of the injected targets. A small number of cells sent collateral projections to the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus and ipsilateral inferior colliculus. The double-labeled cells constituted fewer than 2% of the cells that projected to the cochlear nucleus or to the inferior colliculus. There was no evidence for cells projecting to both contralateral targets or to one ipsilateral target and one contralateral target. We conclude that the ascending projections to the inferior colliculus and the descending projections to the cochlear nucleus arise almost exclusively from separate populations of cells in the superior olivary complex. Their separate origins suggest that these projections are sending different information to higher and lower centers of the auditory pathways. J. Comp. Neurol. 453:217–225, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Singular Games have Asymptotic Values

The asymptotic value of a game v with a continuum of players is defined whenever all the sequences of Shapley values of finite games that “approximate” v have the same limit. In this paper we prove that if v is defined by vS = fμS, where μ is a nonatomic probability measure and f is a function of bounded variation on [0, 1] that is continuous at 0 and at 1, then v has an asymptotic value. This had previously been known only when v is absolutely continuous. Thus, for example, our result implies that the nonatomic majority voting game, defined by vS = 0 or 1 according as μS ≤ 1/2 or μS > 1/2, has an asymptotic value. We also apply our result to show that other games of interest in economics and political science have asymptotic values, and adduce an example to show that the result cannot be extended to functions f that are not of bounded variation.
Scalable routing in delay tolerant networks

The non-existence of an end-to-end path poses a challenge inadapting the traditional routing algorithms to delay tolerantnetworks (DTNs). Previous works include centralized rout-ing approaches based on deterministic mobility, ferry-basedrouting with deterministic or semi-deterministic mobility, flooding-based approaches for networks with general mobility, and probability-based routing for semi-deterministicmobility models. Unfortunately, none of these methods canguarantee both scalability and delivery. In this work, we investigate scalable deterministic routing in DTNs. Instead of routing with global contact knowledge, we propose a simplified DTN model and a routing algorithm which routes on contact information compressed by three combined methods. Analytical studies and simulation results show that the performance of our proposed routing algorithm, DTN Hierarchical Routing (DHR), approximates that of the optimal time-space Dijkstra's algorithm in terms of delay and hop-count. At the same time, the per node storage overhead is substantially reduced and becomes scalable. Although our work is based on a simplified DTN model, we believe this approach will lay a groundwork for the understanding of scalable routing in DTNs.
Compartmental prostaglandin release by angiotensin II and arginine-vasopressin in rabbit isolated perfused kidneys.

Abstract The compartmental effects of angiotensin II (AII) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) on renal prostaglandin (PG) formation were studied in the isolated perfused kidney of the rabbit by superfusion bioassay of venous and ureteral effluents (VE and UE) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Comparable results were obtained with either bioassay or RIA when used to quantitate renal PG release. The effects on PG release into the VE were similar for AII and AVP, as were their pressor reponses. However, their effects on PG release into the UE differed markedly. AII resulted in a 6-fold greater urinary efflux than venous of bioassayable PGs, whereas AVP-induced PG release into UE was slightly less than PG efflux into the VE at all doses of the peptide. The profile of released PGs varied according to the sampling source (VE or UE). Moreover, each peptide released a similar profile of PGs at all doses, i.e. UE PGE2 > PGF2α > 6-keto PGF1α; VE PGE2 > 6-keto PGF1α > PGF2α (TxB2 was not detected in either effluent). Thus, renal vascular PG release is similar for the vasoactive peptides, AII and AVP, whereas the urinary efflux of PGs is considerably greater in response to AII.
Convective heat transfer for water-based alumina nanofluids in a single 1.02-mm tube

Nano fluids are colloidal solutions which contain a small volume fraction of suspended submicron particles or fibers in heat transfer liquids, such as water or glycol mixtures. Compared with the base fluid, numerous experiments have generally indicated an increase in effective thermal conductivity and a strong temperature dependence of the static effective thermal conductivity. However, in practical applications, a heat conduction mechanism may not be sufficient for cooling high-heat-dissipation devices such as microelectronics or powerful optical equipment. Thus, the thermal performance under convective heat transfer conditions becomes our main task. We report here the heat transfer coefficient in both developing and fully-developed regions by using water-based alumina nano fluids. Our experimental test section consists of a single 1.02-mm-diameter stainless steel tube, which is electrically heated to provide a constant wall heat flux. Both pressure drop and temperature differences are measured. The characterization of nano fluids such as pH, electrical conductivity, particle sizing and zeta potential are also documented. Based on these results, the analysis and applicability of convective heat sinks containing nano fluids are evaluated for contemporary uses.
The visions system

VISIONS (for Visual Integration by Semantic Interpretation Of Natural Scenes)3 deals with the questions posited by the technical topic for the June SIGART Newsletter. E. Riseman and A. Hanson are developing the VISIONS research project with the long-range goal of analysing a wide variety of natural scenes. The problems incurred in machine interpretation of natural scenes are manifold. The three questions, however, do summarize several of the major thrusts of our effort.
Dendritic Hyperpolarization-Activated Currents Modify the Integrative Properties of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons

Step hyperpolarizations evoked slowly activating, noninactivating, and slowly deactivating inward currents from membrane patches recorded in the cell-attached patch configuration from the soma and apical dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. The density of these hyperpolarization-activated currents (Ih) increased over sixfold from soma to distal dendrites. Activation curves demonstrate that a significant fraction of Ih channels is active near rest and that the range is hyperpolarized relatively more in the distal dendrites. Ih activation and deactivation kinetics are voltage-and temperature-dependent, with time constants of activation and deactivation decreasing with hyperpolarization and depolarization, respectively. Ih demonstrated a mixed Na+-K+ conductance and was sensitive to low concentrations of external CsCl. Dual whole-cell recordings revealed regional differences in input resistance (Rin) and membrane polarization rates (taumem) across the somatodendritic axis that are attributable to the spatial gradient of Ih channels. As a result of these membrane effects the propagation of subthreshold voltage transients is directionally specific. The elevated dendritic Ih density decreases EPSP amplitude and duration and reduces the time window over which temporal summation takes place. The backpropagation of action potentials into the dendritic arborization was impacted only slightly by dendritic Ih, with the most consistent effect being a decrease in dendritic action potential duration and an increase in afterhyperpolarization. Overall, Ih acts to dampen dendritic excitability, but its largest impact is on the subthreshold range of membrane potentials where the integration of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs takes place.
Direct Origin of the Artery of the Cervical Enlargement from the Left Subclavian Artery

An anatomic variation is described in which the principal radiculomedullary artery to the cervical spinal cord, the artery of the cervical enlargement, arises directly from the left subclavian artery. This anomaly is important clinically because it may be necessary to catheterize this vessel selectively during spinal arteriography, and also because unintentional injection of this vessel can be associated with complications.
U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis: The Nazi Peddler: Wilhelm Höttl and Allied Intelligence

N o case illustrates the moral , political, and operational complexities in the postwar intelligence world better than that of Wilhelm Hottl, an SD intelligence officer. Hottl established contacts with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the Army Counterintelligence Corps (CIC), the West German Defense Ministry, and even the KGB. The release of his voluminous CIA Name File, which comprises over 1600 pages, along with previously withheld OSS records, substantially fills out what has been known about Hottl from Army Counterintelligence records. Hottl was an unapologetic Nazi who helped to expropriate assets from and annihilate Jews, particularly in Hungary in 1944. He was, furthermore, an unusually corrupt man who wove intricate lies as he built contacts, stashed secret funds, and enhanced his personal standing. He maintained these traits his entire life. Hottl's career serves as a mirror, reflecting the nature of each intelligence organization that had contact with him. In the end, U.S. intelligence agencies determined to crush him professionally and bury all evidence of contact with him once the possibility was clear that he was working for the Soviets and that his past association with the United States could become public knowledge. Hottl's Nazi Background Hottl's SS personnel records comprise one of the longest SS officer files. Born in Vienna in 1915, Hottl became a dedicated Nazi even as a student. His association with Nazi groups began illegally in Austria—even before Hitler's takeover in Germany. In 1931, at age 16, Hottl joined the NS-Schulerbund; he joined the SS at age 18.
Sensitive technique for measuring small MOS gate currents

A simple but ultrasensitive method for measuring MOS gate currents down to the attoampere range has been developed. The new technique routinely measures oxide currents in conventional MOSFET structures arising from effects such as hot-electron emission, oxide leakage or tunneling at levels too low to be easily detected by previously available techniques. No FAMOS-type device is required. This technique was used to measure both channel and substrate hot-electron currents. Substrate hot-electron currents measured with the new technique were in excellent agreement with those measured directly.
Geophysical turbulence data and turbulence theory

Many vital insights into the nature of turbulence in fluids have originated from experimental data obtained in geophysical flows. Geophysical data have often helped to stimulate the creation of new turbulence theory, while theory has in many cases motivated the experimental efforts. The present brief review discusses several key examples of this interaction between experiment and theory, citing mainly work which is of particular interest to the author. No attempt is made to provide a complete listing of the extensive and currently rapidly developing literature for some of the problems discussed.
Software in the 1960s as concept, service, and product

Packaged application software established a small but important corporate niche during the 1960s. The author charts the shifting meaning of the word software, situates the first software companies within the overall computer services market, and probes the attractions and limitations of the first packages from the viewpoint of their potential purchasers: managers of data processing.
Species interactions differ in their genetic robustness.

Conflict and cooperation between bacterial species drive the composition and function of microbial communities. Stability of these emergent properties will be influenced by the degree to which species’ interactions are robust to genetic perturbations. We use genome-scale metabolic modeling to computationally analyze the impact of genetic changes when Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica compete, or cooperate. We systematically knocked out in silico each reaction in the metabolic network of E. coli to construct all 2,583 mutant stoichiometric models. Then, using a recently developed multi-scale computational framework, we simulated the growth of each mutant E. coli in the presence of S. enterica. The type of interaction between species was set by modulating the initial metabolites present in the environment. We found that the community was most robust to genetic perturbations when the organisms were cooperating. Species ratios were more stable in the cooperative community, and community biomass had equal variance in the two contexts. Additionally, the number of mutations that have a substantial effect is lower when the species cooperate than when they are competing. In contrast, when mutations were added to the S. enterica network the system was more robust when the bacteria were competing. These results highlight the utility of connecting metabolic mechanisms and studies of ecological stability. Cooperation and conflict alter the connection between genetic changes and properties that emerge at higher levels of biological organization.
An adaptive event stream processing environment

With the increasing application of Event Stream Processing (ESP) for event pattern detection, it has become important to enhance the extant ESP capabilities to deal with applications having dynamic behavior. This dissertation research explores the limitations of current ESP systems due to fixed pattern detection mechanism and discusses the motivational ideas that demand enhancements in ESP. We propose a solution called adaptive ESP that explores, learns, and updates evolving patterns in dynamic applications. Development of adaptive ESP requires several research issues to be addressed: such as handling input data streams, enhancing event languages with probabilistic information, using machine learning algorithms, and processing feedback from experts. We discuss these issues with the proposed architecture for the system and explore research issues and some of the initial work for developing adaptive ESP.
Neural network control of an unstable process

We explore the application of neural network methods to the development of controllers for unstable and highly nonlinear systems using the bioreactor benchmark problem as a concrete example. We demonstrate that the dynamic gradient method leads to controllers that are effective for the nominal plant and robust to reasonable changes of plant parameters. >
Genetic parameters for docility, weaning weight, yearling weight, and intramuscular fat percentage in Hereford cattle

Cattle behavior, including measures of docility, is important to beef cattle producers not only from a human safety perspective but also due to potential correlations to economically relevant traits. Field data from the American Hereford Association was used to estimate genetic parameters for chute score (CS; = 25,037), weaning weight (WW; = 24,908), yearling weight (YW; = 23,978), and intramuscular fat percentage (IMF; = 12,566). Single-trait and bivariate animal models were used to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations. All models included fixed effects of sex and contemporary group, defined as herd-year-season, and direct genetic and residual components were included as random effects. For CS and WW, additional random effects of maternal genetic and maternal permanent environment were also fitted. For CS, WW, YW, and IMF, heritability estimates were 0.27 ± 0.02, 0.35 ± 0.03, 0.36 ± 0.02, and 0.27 ± 0.02, respectively. Genetic correlations between CS and WW, CS and YW, CS and IMF, WW and YW, WW and IMF, and YW and IMF were -0.12 ± 0.06, -0.10 ± 0.05, -0.08 ± 0.06, 0.47 ± 0.05, -0.19 ± 0.09, and -0.41 ± 0.05, respectively. Heritability estimates for all traits suggest that they would respond favorably to selection and that selection for increased WW or YW could decrease marbling. Genetic correlations between CS and WW, YW, and IMF were all favorable but weak, suggesting that selection for improved docility will not have negative consequences on growth or carcass quality. Furthermore, maternal additive and maternal permanent environmental variances for CS were near 0, suggesting that their inclusion in National Cattle Evaluations is not warranted.
The Injustice of Notice and Heightened Pleading Standards for Antitrust Conspiracy Claims: It is Time to Balance the Scale for Plaintiffs, Defendants, and Society

Businesses acting within the four corners of the law were vulnerable to massive financial assaults, with the law enabling the advance, and where our courts served as the field. Under the former notice pleading standard for antitrust conspiracy claims, legitimate parallel business conduct could provoke litigation because plaintiffs were allowed to use the costly process of discovery to poke around for evidence to support an inference of conspiracy. Antitrust defendants had routinely argued that a heightened pleading standard is necessary to shield legitimate businesses from undue financial burdens. Recently, the Supreme Court has addressed the concerns of businesses, and held that some factual specificity is required to state an antitrust conspiracy claim. However, this solution ignores the needs of the private plaintiff, and severely limits their ability to obtain the necessary evidence to prove conspiracy. Because private enforcement is now impaired, harmful conspiracy may become grossly under-deterred, with the consumer becoming the injured party. This article advocates for a middle ground to be struck between the interests of plaintiffs and defendants. Specifically, this article suggests an amendment to Rule 8(a), that will force plaintiffs to internalize the risk of the defendant's potential discovery costs before deciding to bring suit. Hence, when mere parallel conduct is observed, it will no longer be a no brainer decision for parties to bring a conspiracy claim. This amendment will lessen the burden on defendants, and will still allow plaintiffs the opportunity of discovery to substantiate their allegations.
A common mechanism for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein activation by genistein and benzimidazolone analogs.

We have investigated the mechanism of action of two benzimidazolone analogs (NS004 and NS1619) on ΔF508-CFTR using both whole-cell and cell-attached patch-clamp techniques and compared their effects with those of genistein. We conclude that benzimidazolone analogs and genistein act through a common mechanism, based on the following evidence: 1) both act only on phosphorylated CFTR, 2) the maximal ΔF508-CFTR current activated by benzimidazolone analogs is identical to that induced by genistein, 3) benzimidazolone analogs increase the open probability of the forskolin-dependent ΔF508-CFTR channel activity through an increase of the channel open time and a decrease of the channel closed time (effects indistinct from those reported for genistein), and 4) the prolonged K1250A-CFTR channel open time (in the presence of 10 μM forskolin) is unaffected by benzimidazolone analogs or genistein, supporting the hypothesis that these compounds stabilize the open state by inhibiting ATP hydrolysis at nucleotide binding domain 2 (NBD2). In addition, we demonstrate that NS004 and NS1619 are more potent CFTR activators than genistein (EC50 values are 87 ± 14 nM, 472 ± 88 nM, and 4.4 ± 0.5 μM, respectively). From our studies with the double mutant ΔF508/K1250A-CFTR, we conclude that benzimidazolone analogs and genistein rectify the ΔF508-CFTR prolonged closed time independent of their effects on channel open time, since these agonists enhance ΔF508/K1250A-CFTR activity by shortening the channel closed time. These studies should pave the way toward understanding the agonist binding sites at a molecular level.
MR enterography-histology comparison in resected pediatric small bowel Crohn disease strictures: can imaging predict fibrosis?

Background Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that can lead to intestinal strictures. The presence of fibrosis within strictures alters optimal management but is not reliably detected by current imaging methods.
Controlled, Stepwise Reduction and Band Gap Manipulation of Graphene Oxide

Graphene oxide (GO) has drawn tremendous interest as a tunable precursor in numerous areas, due to its readily manipulable surface. However, its inhomogeneous and nonstoichiometric structure makes achieving chemical control a major challenge. Here, we present a room-temperature based, controlled method for the stepwise reduction of GO, with evidence of sequential removal of each organic moiety. By analyzing signature infrared absorption frequencies, we identify the carbonyl group as the first to be reduced, while the tertiary alcohol takes the longest to be completely removed from the GO surface. Controlled reduction allows for progressive tuning of the optical gap from 3.5 eV down to 1 eV, while XPS spectra show a concurrent increase in the C/O ratio. This study is the first step toward selectively enhancing the chemical homogeneity of GO, thus providing greater control over its structure, and elucidating the order of removal of functional groups and hydrazine-vapor reduction.
ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO BRUCELLA ANTIGEN IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.

SummaryNo relationship was found between the antibody response to Brucella antigen and the F II hemagglutination titer in a series of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Those with rheumatoid arthritis showed no greater antibody response to inoculation with Brucella antigen than did those with osteoarthritis. These observations do not confirm the report of antibody hyperreactivity in rheumatoid arthritis.
Quantitative Buffy Coat Analysis: A Hematologic Screen Applicable to the Selection of Apheresis Donors

Quantitative buffy coat analysis was performed on samples of venous blood with the QBC (Clay Adams Division of Becton Dickinson, Rutherford, NJ) Hematology System and the results for platelet counts, white blood cell counts, and microhematocrits were compared with those obtained by reference methods. At the established cut-off, values for apheresis donors the with-in run reproducibility (CV) of the platelet count was 6.8%; of the white blood cell count, 8.6%; and of the microhematocrit, 1.75%. Over the range of values studied, the platelet count showed the poorest correlation with the reference method (R = 0.72023) and the greatest dispersion of QBC values at a given reference value. Correlation coefficients for QBC and reference methods for white blood cell counts and hematocrits were 0.88887 and 0.89778, respectively. Predicted ranges of reference values for platelet counts and white blood cell counts, based on QBC measurements, were too wide at lower levels of the normal range to be clinically meaningful. When used in a screening mode to determine if results from apheresis donors exceeded specific cut-off values, the QBC system performed well as determined by high predictive values for results above the selected cut-offs. Misclassification errors with the QBC system were more likely to result in rejection of acceptable donors than acceptance of those with low platelet or white cell counts.
Central role of domain wall depinning for perpendicular magnetization switching driven by spin torque from the spin Hall effect

We study deterministic magnetic reversal of a perpendicularly magnetized Co layer in a Co/MgO/Ta nanosquare driven by spin Hall torque from an in-plane current flowing in an underlying Pt layer. The rate-limiting step of the switching process is domain wall (DW) depinning by spin Hall torque via a thermally assisted mechanism that eventually produces full reversal by domain expansion. An in-plane applied magnetic field collinear with the current is required, with the necessary field scale set by the need to overcome DW chirality imposed by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Once Joule heating is taken into account the switching current density is quantitatively consistent with a spin Hall angle ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{SH}\ensuremath{\approx}0.07$ for 4 nm of Pt.
Exploring political skill and deception

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore and develop a model which examines the effects of political skill on an individual’s intent to deceive. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained through a survey research design (n=273). The sample consisted of college students. A covariance-based structural equation modeling approach was used to analyze the data. Findings – Individual’s with high levels of political skill had more deception confidence and less deception guilt. Increased deception confidence was shown to be positively related to perceptions of deception success which is turn is positively associated with deception intent. The factors duping delight and deception guilt were also found to be related to deception intent. Research limitations/implications – This research furthers deception research by using a strong behavioral framework to determine the motivational influences on an individual’s politically motivated intent to deceive. In doing so, this research identifies factors whic...
Study on Application of Super-high-speed Switchgear in Large-capacity Distribution Substation

This paper analyzed the principle of super-high-speed switchgear DDX1,and studied its application in large-capacity substation.The result shows that this type switchgear can resolve the interruption problem of the super-large short current in power system.
Coagulation factors influencing thrombosis of aorta-coronary bypass grafts.

Thirty patients in whom all aorta-coronary artery vein grafts became occluded within one year of operation, as demonstrated by cardiac catheterization, were evaluated for hypercoagulability. A total of 59 grafts were constructed in these patients. At operation, blood flows of 35 to 90 c.c. per minute were measured through the grafts. In 23 of the 30 patients, the blood was to be hypercoagulable, as evidenced by a low level of antithrombin III activity, high thrombin generation index, high factor VIII values, or high platelet adhesivity. Another group of 11 patients (total number of grafts, 23) had all grafts patent at cardiac catheterization. These patients had flows through the grafts ranging from 20 to 125 c.c. per minute. None of the patiens with patent grafts had hypercoagulable blood. The status of runoff was comparable between the patients with open grafts and those with occluded grafts.
The Initial Evaluation and Management of a Vocal Performer With New Voice Complaints

Purpose of Review Caring for the vocal performance community represents a great privilege. A multidisciplinary team approach that is both accessible and sensitive to the unique needs of the performing artist is crucial to providing the highest level of care.
Cell biology: The TORC1 pathway to protein destruction.

A study of the proteasome — a protein-degradation complex — reveals an evolutionarily conserved pathway that acts through the protein kinase TORC1 to adjust proteasome levels in response to cellular needs. See Letter p.184 The proteasome is the cell's protein degradation machinery. It is composed of a core particle and two regulatory particles. Chaperone proteins known as RACs mediate the assembly of the regulatory particles, and under stressful conditions in yeast, an additional chaperone called Adc17 helps to generate more proteasomes. A long-standing question has been how stress leads to increased Adc17 levels. Adrien Rousseau and Anne Bertolotti report that an evolutionarily conserved signalling pathway controls proteasome homeostasis in yeast and mammals. Specifically, they find that in an adaptive response to stress, the TORC1 protein in yeast (mTOR in mammals) is inhibited. Consequently, the downstream signalling molecule — the enzyme Mpk1 in yeast or Erk5 in mammals — ensures increased supplies of not just RACs, but also proteasome subunits.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of heat transfer in a polymeric membrane using finite volume method

The efficiency, robustness and reliability of recent numerical methods for finding solutions to flow problems have given rise to the implementation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a broadly used analysis method for engineering problems like membrane separation system. The CFD modeling in this study observes steady and unsteady (transient) heat flux and temperature profiles in a polymeric (cellulose acetate) membrane. This study is novel due to the implementation of user defined scalar (UDS) diffusion equation by using user-defined functions (UDFs) infinite volume method (FVM). Some details of the FVM used by the solver are carefully discussed when implementing terms in the governing equation and boundary conditions (BC). The contours of temperature due to high-temperature gradient are reported for steady and unsteady problems.
Interests But No Entanglements

Almack’s Club may have been abuzz with gossip about filling places in the new Whig Cabinet in November 1830, but across Europe the talk was of revolution again challenging the old order. Greece had its independence guaranteed by the Great Powers in February 1830, but questions about her new boundaries with the Turks still remained. In August 1830, the Belgians rose against the Dutch control imposed by the Vienna settlement of 1815. Before the year had ended, the contagion of the July revolution reached Poland, and by 1831 it moved rebellious Germans and Italians to action. Each of these convulsions invited a reactionary response from Russia, Austria and Prussia, and threatened to shake the delicate balance of powers which had been constructed in 1815. Meanwhile, struggles in Portugal and Spain remained unresolved.
Switching from cigarettes to pipes or cigars reduced smoking-related mortality

Source Citation Wald NJ, Watt HC. Prospective study of effect of switching from cigarettes to pipes or cigars on mortality from three smoking related diseases. BMJ. 1997 Jun 28; 314:1860-3.
Integrity in Research: Individual and Institutional Responsibility

This chapter presents a coherent way of understanding the continually evolving components of the issues related to scientific and research integrity. Many cases involving allegations about scientific misconduct have gone on for years, approaching a decade in several instances. The response of the government is also equally important for solving these issues. Scientific communities must come together and formulate better guidelines for conducting bioethical research. In recent years, editors of scientific and medical journals have begun a concerted effort to establish policies that would deter misconduct, especially that promoted by conflicts of interest. The unacceptable behavior of a few does not invalidate the success and importance of the methods of science, especially the procedures and conventions developed over the last 500 years. The public must also understand that error and controversy are the hallmarks of normal science conducted using the scientific method. Several excellent short works on the nature and philosophy of science are available, and indeed, along with the various guidelines on the conduct of research may be useful for educating all scientists in these matters.
A Multi-Context Character Prediction Model for a Brain-Computer Interface.

Brain-computer interfaces and other augmentative and alternative communication devices introduce language-modeing challenges distinct from other character-entry methods. In particular, the acquired signal of the EEG (electroencephalogram) signal is noisier, which, in turn, makes the user intent harder to decipher. In order to adapt to this condition, we propose to maintain ambiguous history for every time step, and to employ, apart from the character language model, word information to produce a more robust prediction system. We present preliminary results that compare this proposed Online-Context Language Model (OCLM) to current algorithms that are used in this type of setting. Evaluation on both perplexity and predictive accuracy demonstrates promising results when dealing with ambiguous histories in order to provide to the front end a distribution of the next character the user might type.
Properties of composite of closure operations and choice functions

The equivalence of the family of FDs is among many hottest topics that get a lot of attention and consideration currently. There are many equivalent descriptions of the family of FDs. The closure operation and choice function are two of them. Major results of this paper are the properties of the composite function of the choice functions and closure operations. The first parts of this paper address the theories of the composite function of two choice functions and the sufficient and necessary condition of a composite function of two choice functions to be a choice function. Rest of the paper addresses the sufficient and necessary condition of a composite function of more than two choice functions to be a choice function and a composite function of more than two closure operations to be a closure operation.
The Phenomenology of the Experience of Enchantment

While meditating upon the natures of aisthetikos and enchantment, I remembered a past lived-event that I consider to reveal the relationship between aesthetics and the experience of enchantment. Through a phenomenological reflection on this personal account, the primary goal of this paper is to ascertain the essential characteristics (eidetic principles) of enchantment as an experiential domain. Its treatment in anthropological accounts, broadly speaking, and in art forms suggests the possibility that “enchantment” inappropriately designates or characterizes my personal testimony. But, there is no other more appropriate description for the experienced aesthetic value-complex that is to be described. A provisional bracketing of the treatment of enchantment both in art forms and in empirical/historical exemplification is necessary so that the structure of enchantment as a lived process can be uncovered. Someone may have the experience while engaging a work of art regardless of whether the work portrays enchantment in its content. Conversely, a work of art may portray enchantment without an accompanying manifestation of an enchantment in experience. Enchantment is not merely a category employed in the thematic contents of the various fine arts, even though the generally fantastic and hyperbolic treatments in literature, for example, may suggest such.
Response to Commentaries on "Shrinking Poor White Life Spans".

Many thanks to those who commented on “Shrinking Poor White Life Spans.” I submitted the article to the American Journal of Bioethics (AJOB) target article section because the topic strikes me as o...
Electric Hot Water Heater Primary Frequency Control

Residential electric hot water heaters present a massive distributed energy storage resource. By allowing for temperature variation of the water in the lower part of the water heat tank, as much as several kWh of energy storage could be realized per water heater. It is estimated that there are millions of residential electric hot water heaters in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, which puts the total energy storage resource on the order of several thousand MWh of storage. This paper presents a cost effective modification of the operation of the lower element of an electric hot water heater to allow the hot water heater to participate in frequency regulation, effectively storing energy when the grid frequency is high, and allowing the water heater to coast when the frequency is low. It is demonstrated that each water heater can easily provide 5% frequency regulation (4500 W per 3 Hz) without a significant impact to the temperature of water withdrawn by the home user.
Air–Sea Turbulent Heat Fluxes in Climate Models and Observational Analyses: What Drives Their Variability?

AbstractA traditional view is that the ocean outside of the tropics responds passively to atmosphere forcing, which implies that air–sea heat fluxes are mainly driven by atmosphere variability. Thi...
A Big Data Platform for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Data with an Application on Image-Based Sensor Quality Control

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) significantly enhances the Raman scattering by molecules, enabling detection and identification of small quantities of relevant bio-/chemical markers in a wide range of applications. In this paper, we present a big data platform with both a local client and cloud server built for acquiring, processing, visualizing and storing SERS sensor data. The local client controls the hardware (i.e., spectrometer and stage) to collect SERS spectra from HP designed sensors, and offers the options to analyze, visualize and save the spectra with meta-data records, including relevant experimental conditions. The cloud server contains remote databases and web interface for centralized data management to users from different locations. Here we describe how this platform was built and demonstrate its use for automated sensor quality control based on sensor images. Sensor quality control is a common practice, employed in sensor production to select high performing sensors. Image-based approach is a natural way to perform sensor quality control without destructing the sensors. Automating this process using the proposed platform can also reduce the time spent and achieve consistent result by avoiding human visual inspection.
Interessenorganisationen Online: Stand der Debatte

Zu den zentralen Fragen der politischen Internetforschung gehort, ob das Internet politische Partizipation fordert und zu einer starken Demokratie beitragt. Von Beginn an lassen sich in der Debatte uber die Folgen des Internets auf die Verfasstheit demokratischer Systeme und politische Partizipation die Positionen der Cyberenthusiasten und der Cyberpessimisten unterscheiden (vgl. Park und Perry 2009; Rowell 2009; Wright 2012). Die Cyberenthusiasten argumentieren, dass die Demokratie-Internet-Beziehung positiv ist.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Fertility, Menses, and Contraception

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease which includes both ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD), and indeterminate colitis. This condition can affect both men and women during puberty and their childbearing years. Given that the peak incidence is between ages 15 and 40, this condition can affect changes in a woman’s menstrual cycle, fertility, and menopause. Women with IBD may have irregularities in their menstrual cycle such as delayed onset of menses, polymenorrhea, and even dysmenorrhea. Once diagnosed with IBD, many women are concerned about their fertility rate. The rate of infertility in women with IBD ranges from 5% to 14% which is comparable to the general population. Surgery, however, has been shown to decrease the rate of fertility in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Medications often used to treat IBD have not been shown to affect a woman’s fertility. Finally, given the importance of disease remission prior to conception to avoid fetal complications, it is vital for a woman to discuss contraception with both her gynecologist and gastroenterologist. The recommended contraceptive for women with IBD is an intrauterine device (IUD).
Emergency Endotracheal Intubation With a Rigid Stylet of an Infant With Severe Subglottic Stenosis.

Abstract Background Subglottic stenosis is a frequent complication of endotracheal intubation in children and can create a difficult airway situation for subsequent respiratory illnesses. Difficult airway algorithms are an essential aid when dealing with respiratory failure in clinical situations where ventilation or intubation is unsuccessful. Case Report A 4-month-old infant with a history of previous endotracheal intubation required endotracheal intubation for stridor and respiratory failure due to croup. There was difficulty intubating the trachea due to severe subglottic stenosis that developed following the previous episode of endotracheal intubation. Successful intubation was facilitated by the use of a rigid endotracheal tube stylet to facilitate passage of an endotracheal tube through the stenotic segment. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Difficult airway algorithms recommend the use of invasive airway access only as a last resort and noninvasive airway access should be explored prior to their use. The use of a readily available rigid stylet as an alternative method for tracheal intubation should be considered only after more conventional techniques and potential complications have been considered.
Blood lead level is associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A nationwide survey (NHANES 2011-2016).

Abstract Introduction and objectives Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome, but increasing evidence also implicates environmental toxins. In this study, we aim to show that in elevated blood Lead levels in NAFLD patients result in worsening liver fibrosis. Materials and methods 30,172 patients from NHANES 2011–2016 met inclusion criteria. 2499 patients ages 20–74 were identified with NAFLD as determined by the Fatty Liver Index score, and 425 with advanced liver fibrosis were identified using the NAFLD Fibrosis Score. Simple linear regression, Student's T-test, and Rao-Scott Chi-Square test was used for continuous and categorical variables. Multivariate regression analysis was used to adjust for confounders to determine odds of Advanced Fibrosis. Results Increased serum Lead level was independently associated with increased risk of Advanced Fibrosis (OR 5.93, 95% CI 2.88–12.24) in the highest Lead quartile (Q4). In subgroup analysis stratified by BMI, a significant association between advanced liver fibrosis and blood Lead levels was consistently present, Q4 (OR 5.78, 95% CI 0.97–33.63) and Q4 (OR 6.04, 95% CI 2.92–12.48) in BMI 30, respectively. Increased Lead exposure was also evident in patients who were older, less educated, male, and drank alcohol and smoked tobacco. Conclusions Our findings show that advanced liver fibrosis is up to six times more likely in NAFLD patients with increased Lead exposure.