cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cis-acting genetic variation at an E2F1/YY1 response site and putative p53 site is associated with altered allele-specific expression of ERCC5 (XPG) transcript in normal human bronchial epithelium

ERCC5 (XPG) is a key component of the nucleotide excision DNA repair pathway. In two recent case-control studies, we determined that ERCC5 transcript expression pattern in grossly normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NBEC) was different in individuals diagnosed with lung cancer compared with non-lung cancer controls. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that variation at cis-acting sites contributed to observed variation in ERCC5 transcript expression in NBEC. Allele-specific expression (ASE) was measured at transcribed polymorphic site rs1047768 in exon 2 of ERCC5 in NBEC complementary DNA (cDNA) of 22 individuals using allele-specific competitive polymerase chain reaction. ASE at rs1047768 was then assessed for association with allelotype at polymorphic sites rs751402 (E2F1 and YY1 recognition and response site) and rs2296147 (putative P53 recognition site) in the proximal promoter and 5' untranslated region, respectively, of ERCC5. Interindividual variation in recombination between rs751402, rs2296147 and rs1047768 in poly-heterozygotes was controlled for by allele-specific sequencing. Measured rs1047768 T:C allelic ratio was (i) significantly higher in NBEC cDNA compared with genomic DNA controls (P < 0.001) among samples heterozygous at both rs751402 and rs2296147; (ii) less high (P = 0.02) for samples homozygous at rs751402 but heterozygous at rs2296147 and (iii) not significantly different (P = 0.18) for doubly homozygous individuals. Here, we demonstrate that rs751402 A allele and rs2296147 T allele are associated with higher ASE of ERCC5 T allele transcript at rs1047768 in NBEC.
Magnetostratigraphy, paleomagnetic correlation, and deformation of Pleistocene deposits in the south central Puget Lowland, Washington

[1] Paleomagnetic results from Pleistocene sedimentary deposits in the central Puget Lowland indicate that the region has experienced widespread deformation within the last 780 kyr. Three oriented samples were collected from unaltered fine-grained sediments mostly at sea level to determine the magnetostratigraphy at 83 sites. Of these, 47 have normal, 18 have reversed, and 18 have transitional (8 localities) polarities. Records of reversed- to normal-polarity transitions of the geomagnetic field were found in thick sections of silt near the eastern end of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, and again at Wingehaven Park near the northern tip of Vashon Island. The transitional horizons, probably related to the Bruhnes-Matuyama reversal, apparently fall between previously dated Pleistocene sediments at the Puyallup Valley type section (all reversed-polarity) to the south and the Whidbey Island type section (all normal-polarity) to the north. The samples, in general, are of sufficient quality to record paleosecular variation (PSV) of the geomagnetic field, and a statistical technique is used to correlate horizons with significant agreement in their paleomagnetic directions. Our data are consistent with the broad structures of the Seattle uplift inferred at depth from seismic reflection, gravity, and aeromagnetic profiles, but the magnitude of vertical adjustments is greatly subdued in the Pleistocene deposits. INDEX TERMS: 1520 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Magnetostratigraphy; 1522 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Paleomagnetic secular variation; 1525 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Paleomagnetism applied to tectonics (regional, global); 1535 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Reversals (process, timescale, magnetostratigraphy); KEYWORDS: Puget Lowland, Pleistocene, magnetostratigraphy, paleosecular variation, tectonic deformation
History of anxiety disorders is associated with a decreased likelihood of angiographic coronary artery disease in women with chest pain: the WISE study

Abstract OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the ability of psychiatric anxiety-disorder history to discriminate between women with and without angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) in a population with chest pain. BACKGROUND A total of 435 women with chest pain underwent a diagnostic battery including coronary angiography in order to improve testing guidelines for women with suspected CAD. METHODS Women referred for coronary angiography completed questionnaires assessing prior treatment history for anxiety disorder and current anxiety-related symptoms. Analyses controlled for standard CAD risk factors. RESULTS Forty-four women (10%) reported receiving prior treatment for an anxiety disorder. This group acknowledged significantly higher levels of autonomic symptoms (e.g., headaches, muscle tension [F = 25.0, p CONCLUSIONS Among women with chest pain symptoms, a history of anxiety disorders is associated with a lower probability of significant angiographic CAD. Knowledge of anxiety disorder history may assist in the clinical evaluation of women with chest pain.
A Comparison of EEG Preprocessing Methods using Time Delay Neural Networks

Multichannel recordings of EEG data during various mental tasks are processed using two popular methods, independent component analysis (ICA) and matching pursuit (MP). The results are fed to a time delay neural network (TDNN) for classification of each mental task. Based on the results of the test sets, we analyzed the effectiveness of ICA and MP methods for use in EEG preprocessing and TDNN classification. It is shown that ICA is more effective than MP in lowering the neural network classification error; however this advantage is not significant
Developing Ideal Intermediate Personality Items for the Ideal Point Model

The importance of intermediate items has been overlooked since the emergence of dominance-based Likert-type scales. The current study aims to advance our understanding of the psychometric propertie...
Top-down and bottom-up fabrication techniques for hydrogel based sensing and hormone delivery microdevices

We review a set of studies dealing with molecular (glucose) sensing and hormone delivery, in which the swelling and shrinking of a hydrogel as a function of glucose concentration play a central role. Confining hydrogels in microfabricated structures permits transduction of their chemomechanical behaviors. Prototype microdevices for wireless glucose sensing and closed loop insulin delivery control have been designed using hydrogels containing phenylboronic acid sidechains. While these devices exhibit desired responses, improved response time is needed, warranting further miniaturization. In a separate application, geometric confinement of glucose oxidase by a pH-sensitive hydrogel membrane sets up a nonlinear feedback loop which enables rhythmic swell/shrink cycles when the system is exposed to a constant glucose concentration. The latter system may be applied to delivery of gonadotropin release hormone, for which rhythmicity of secretion is essential for therapeutic function.
Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Correlated Uniquenesses to Estimate Method Variance in Multitrait-Multimethod Matrices

Conway used a special case and several supporting examples to argue that the average proportion of method variance in a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix can be estimated by averaging the correlated uniquenesses (cus). This article builds on Conway in two ways. First, it generalizes the logic, showing that the average cu is a lower bound estimate of the correct value for the average proportion of method variance. The generalization also allows examination of the method’s applicability to a much broader range of MTMM matrices. Second, this article presents a new method based on confirmatory factor analysis of the covariance matrix of cus for measuring method variance. The new method provides more precise and unbiased estimates of the average proportion of method variance associated with each measurement method, and is the first method that uses the correlated uniquenesses model to estimate the proportion of method variance in individual measures.
Work in progress — engineering case studies inspired by society's Grand Challenges for Engineering: An integrated approach to middle school stem instruction

The National Academy of Engineering “Grand Challenges for Engineering” (GCE) initiative has inspired the introduction of humanitarian applications of engineering into middle school science and math classrooms. Two GCE case study instructional modules have been developed by an interdisciplinary research team and piloted at six participating middle schools during the 2011–12 school year. Each module employs realistic fictional scenarios to engage a broad spectrum of students through role-play as engineers. Students develop engineering skills by tackling specific problems inspired by societal needs. Relevant science and math content, based on state and national middle school standards, are embedded within the modules. Integration of engineering with science and math instruction is aligned with recommendations in the Framework for National K-12 Science Standards, recently published by the National Research Council. The pilot modules, “Improving Aging Infrastructure” and “Solar Energy,” were introduced to teachers at participating schools at a professional development workshop during Summer 2011. The success of this approach as a strategy to increase interest in STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) fields among all students, especially women and under-represented groups, is being evaluated through measurement of participating students' attitudes toward math, science and STEM-related occupations.
Non-classical genomic estrogen receptor (ER)/specificity protein and ER/activating protein-1 signaling pathways

17beta-estradiol binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) to activate gene expression or repression and this involves both genomic (nuclear) and non-genomic (extranuclear) pathways. Genomic pathways include the classical interactions of ligand-bound ER dimers with estrogen-responsive elements in target gene promoters. ER-dependent activation of gene expression also involves DNA-bound ER that subsequently interacts with other DNA-bound transcriptions factors and direct ER-transcription factor (protein-protein) interactions where ER does not bind promoter DNA. Ligand-induced activation of ER/specificity protein (Sp) and ER/activating protein-1 [(AP-1); consisting of jun/fos] complexes are important pathways for modulating expression of a large number of genes. This review summarizes some of the characteristics of ER/Sp- and ER/AP-1-mediated transactivation, which are dependent on ligand structure, cell context, ER-subtype (ERalpha and ERbeta), and Sp protein (SP1, SP3, and SP4) and demonstrates that this non-classical genomic pathway is also functional in vivo.
Symmetry patterns in trypsinogen.

When the primary structure of bovine trypsinogen is searched for the existence of regularities, according to Greller & Erhan (1974), one finds eight pairs of peptides, arranged in a symmetrical pattern along the molecule. These peptides cover 49% of the length of the molecule–112 of the 227 amino acids – and each pair folds in a similar way. This observation is in agreement with the observation that “Trypsin folds into two halves, each of which contains a pseudo-cylindrical arrangement of hydrogen bonds…”, Stroud et al. (1971). Thus the above mentioned method is capable not only of detecting regularities along the primary structure but also of predicting the folding of a protein.
Outbreak of Mycobacterium mucogenicum Bloodstream Infections among Patients with Sickle Cell Disease in an Outpatient Setting

Objective. To study an outbreak of Mycobacterium mucogenicum bloodstream infections in an outpatient setting.Design. Outbreak investigation and retrospective chart review.Setting. University outpatient clinic.Patients. Patients whose blood cultures tested positive for M. mucogenicum in May or June 2008.Methods. An outbreak investigation and a review of infection control practices were conducted. During the process, environmental culture samples were obtained. Isolates from patients and the environment were genotyped with the DiversiLab typing system to identify the source. Chart reviews were conducted to study the management and outcomes of the patients.Results. Four patients with sickle cell disease and implanted ports followed in the same hematology outpatient clinic developed blood cultures positive for M. mucogenicum. A nurse in the clinic had prepared intravenous port flushes on the sink counter, using a saline bag that was hanging over the sink throughout the shift. None of the environmental culture...
Adaptive Filters For Digital AGC As Applied To Abnormal Holter ECG

Adaptive coefficient IIR filters are considered for determining the digital gain for AGC applied to Holter ECG data. The filter coefficients are adapted using the actual and filtered QRS complex peaks. The normal and abnormal data tapes were used to validate the algorithm. Compared to fixed coefficient filters, the adaptive filters are shown to produce bias free digital gain and avoid the possibility of missing normal beats in a fixed threshold QRS complex detector.
Revealed causal mapping as an evocative method for information systems research

Information systems (IS) is a complex discipline constantly in need of additional operationalized theories and constructs. The need exists for methodologies that are qualitative and interpretive but result in theories and constructs that can be subjected to empirical testing. This paper proposes that revealed causal mapping (RCM) is a methodology that meets this need. This paper uses the domain of IS expertise to demonstrate the potential role of RCMs in IS research. Revealed causal maps fall in the category of evocative research methods. These methods are used where general theoretical frameworks are available but operationalization of concepts and specification of linkages among the concepts are still not available. While qualitative methods are especially useful in exploratory areas such as IS expertise, they cannot be used to test emergent theory. The theory must be transformed into testable hypotheses, and then operationalized into measurable constructs. Once this transformation is complete, the theory can be tested using established quantitative methods. Revealed causal maps can facilitate the transformation from qualitative inquiry to quantitative inquiry as an evocative research method.
Observations of the Velocity and Vorticity Structure of Gulf Stream Meanders

Abstract In September–October 1988 and in April 1989 two 4-week cruises were organized to study the structure and dynamics of Gulf Stream meanders. The first one focused on an anticyclonic crest, and the second one on a cyclonic trough. One objective of this program was to conduct a high-resolution study of the upper-ocean velocity and vorticity field using a CTD and a continuously profiling acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The cross-stream sections of velocity exhibit the typical pattern of a single velocity maximum with a narrow zone of cyclonic shear and a broad region of anticyclonic shear. The cyclonic velocity shear is larger and extends to greater depths in a crest than in a trough and can exceed 120% of the Coriolis parameter (f) at depths as great as 300 m. The vertically integrated transport to 250 m appears to be more symmetric in troughs than in crests. The computed sea level difference across the stream is about 0.46 m greater in the trough than the crest after seasonal correction an...
The impact of error in user-provided bandwidth estimates on multi-site parallel job scheduling performance

Multi-cluster schedulers can dramatically improve average job turn-around time performance by making use of fragmented node resources available throughout the grid. By carefully mapping jobs across potentially many clusters, jobs that would otherwise wait in the queue for local cluster resources can begin execution much earlier; thereby improving system utilization and reducing average queue waiting time. Recent research in this area leverages user-provided estimates of job communication characteristics to effectively partition the job across cluster boundaries. In this paper, we address the impact of inaccuracies in these estimates on overall system performance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that multi-site job scheduling techniques benefit from these estimates, even in the presence of considerable inaccuracy.
Adrenocorticotropic activty of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH).

SummarySeveral preparations of highly purified α-MSH were studied for their adrenocorticotropic activity in vivo and in vitro using USP Reference Corticotropin as a Standard. They showed corticotrophic activity by either assay procedure. β-MSH did not demonstrate similar activity. In view of data obtained, it is suggested that the “active core” of ACTH molecule may be no longer than the tridecapeptide from the N-terminus.
Brewers Condensed Solubles Used as a Feedstuff in Broiler Diets

Abstract Three feeding experiments, each involving 300 1-day-old male broilers, were conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of brewers condensed solubles (BCS) on growth, feed efficiency, yield, and organoleptic factors. The BCS was incorporated into diets containing corn and soybean meal at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% levels (wet basis). All diets were formulated to meet the NRC (1984) nutrient requirements. Seven samples of BCS were found to contain an average 45.81% DM, 6.71% CP, 1.96% ash, 1.37% ether extract, 4,925 kcal gross energy/kg, 3,857 kcal MEn/kg, and 4,721 kcal TMEn/kg on a DM basis. Broiler chicks compensated for the moisture in the feed by consuming more and thus achieved similar levels of DM intake from all diets in Experiment 2, but not Experiment 1. Dietary levels of 40 and 50% BCS reduced (P Total carcass weights (42 days) were unaffected for birds fed 10, 20, 40, and 50% BCS inclusion when compared with the control diet. Triangle test data for flavor evaluations indicated that there were no detectable differences (P > .05) in flavor between broilers fed BCS and those fed the control diet. Brewers condensed solubles can serve as a satisfactory feed ingredient at a level of 30% in broiler starter diets.
Relational Foundations of (Coordinator) Brokerage

There is an ever expanding body of work that considers how, when, and to what extent different forms and types of brokerage matter. However, surprisingly little is known why brokerage roles remain unfilled or how one becomes a broker in the first place. In a 2004 AJS paper Burt highlights half of the “who becomes a broker” equation, arguing that individuals often lack incentives to fill structural holes given the immediate demands on their time and the benefits/costs associated with spanning activities. We think it fruitful to ask a different question that focuses on the other side of the brokerage equation: If brokerage positions offer individuals significant value and a potential basis of power over other actors, why would those other actors cede the brokerage role? We use unique data well suited to determine why actors defer to others the brokerage role. The data are derived from a context where the role of team coordinator-broker is not determined ex ante by hierarchy, i.e., it is an emergent social process. Individuals were exogenously assigned to teams of fixed size without regard for their prior social relationships or observable human capital. We also collected relational data on team members’ dyadic relationships within the team, as well to all other individuals in the organizational context (the whole network) prior to team assignment across three different types of networks, which affords a means of disentangling network content. Having data on ego and alter across three networks also enables the specification of ego and alter-ego fixed-effects. As a consequence of this research design we can be more confident that the relative social factors we study are not spuriously related to deference as coordinator-broker.
Reported rate of suicide-related behaviors among Chinese adolescents: A meta-analysis

Objective To estimate the report rate of suicide-related behaviors among middle school students in China between 2000 and 2013. Methods Publications between 2000 and 2013 were reviewed from PubMed,ScienceDirect,Springer Link,China National Knowledge Infrastructure( CNKI),Wanfang Databases and Chinese science technology journal databases( VIP). The report rate of suicide-related behavior was analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed by gender,grade,academic achievements and region subtypes. Results Forty-two papers were included in this Meta-analysis. The total sample of investigation was 153 245. The report rate of suicide ideation among middle school students was 17. 7%( 95% CI: 15. 7%-19. 7%),suicide plan was 7. 3%( 95% CI: 6. 4%-8. 2%),suicide attempt was 2. 7%( 95% CI: 2. 3%-3. 0%). The results of sub-meta analysis showed that the report rate of suicide ideation / suicide plan / suicide attempt in male students was 14. 6%,5. 5%,2. 3%; female was 20. 4%,8. 4%,2. 7%; junior school students was 17. 1%,7. 0%,2. 9%; senior school students was 19. 3%,7. 7%, 2. 4%; professional high school students was 14. 3%,6. 7%,1. 6%,respectively. Academic achievement was negatively correlated with report rate of suicide-related behavior. Conclusion Suicide-related behavior among middle school students has become a deep mental health issue that requires immediate attention.
Data Sources for Trait Databases: Comparing the Phenomic Content of Monographs and Evolutionary Matrices.

Databases of organismal traits that aggregate information from one or multiple sources can be leveraged for large-scale analyses in biology. Yet the differences among these data streams and how well they capture trait diversity have never been explored. We present the first analysis of the differences between phenotypes captured in free text of descriptive publications (‘monographs’) and those used in phylogenetic analyses (‘matrices’). We focus our analysis on osteological phenotypes of the limbs of four extinct vertebrate taxa critical to our understanding of the fin-to-limb transition. We find that there is low overlap between the anatomical entities used in these two sources of phenotype data, indicating that phenotypes represented in matrices are not simply a subset of those found in monographic descriptions. Perhaps as expected, compared to characters found in matrices, phenotypes in monographs tend to emphasize descriptive and positional morphology, be somewhat more complex, and relate to fewer additional taxa. While based on a small set of focal taxa, these qualitative and quantitative data suggest that either source of phenotypes alone will result in incomplete knowledge of variation for a given taxon. As a broader community develops to use and expand databases characterizing organismal trait diversity, it is important to recognize the limitations of the data sources and develop strategies to more fully characterize variation both within species and across the tree of life.
Race and School Vouchers: Legal, Historical, and Political Contexts

This article investigates legal and political issues as they relate to school vouchers serving students of color. Specifically, we draw on the empirical, historical, and legal research to examine whether school vouchers will create a more equitable system of education for poor students of color. First, we present a history of vouchers, including how they were used to support segregation. We then discuss how vouchers as a broad opportunity for educational equity for poor children (of color) might present particular challenges in light of, first, the race-neutral approach in contemporary case law and state statutes and, second, the relatively small percentage of U.S. children taking advantage of such programs. Finally, we present empirical results regarding African American families’ support and use of vouchers and a discussion of the racial politics of school vouchers. We argue that unless voucher programs and proponents address race directly, operate on a larger scale, and attend to the broader social jus...
Accessible Learning Experience Design and Implementation

In order to create equivalent educational experiences in higher education for students with disabilities, a full integration of universal design ideas needs to be implemented into the design of websites and courses. This paper discusses the theory of an Accessible Learning Experience by looking holistically at the objectives of higher education institutions, and seeks to develop and implement strategies to ensure the accessibility of content for an organization’s diverse audiences.
Fernando Pessoa’s Fausto and the concept of Subjective Tragedy

This paper intends to show, in an embryonic format, how Fernando Pessoa embodied the subjective process, presented in all his work through a heteronimic construction, in his writing project of Portuguese Faust . Consistent with the idea of Static Drama, Pessoa’s Fausto sights the construction of an animistic and apathetic tragedy, supported on a discursive monologism and the tragic conception of existence.
Local control dependence on consecutive vs. nonconsecutive fractionation in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Abstract Background Recent reports demonstrate impaired tumor re-oxygenation 24–48h after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), suggesting that non-consecutive treatment delivery may be advantageous. To test this hypothesis clinically, we compared local control in patients treated in consecutive daily fractions vs. nonconsecutive fractions. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 107 lung SBRT patients (117 tumors) treated for T1–T2N0 NSCLC with LINAC based SBRT (50 or 60Gy/5fractions). Patients were characterized as having been treated in consecutive daily fractions vs. in non-consecutive fractions. Local control, survival and toxicity end points (CTCAE V4.0) were compared. Propensity score matching and Cox regression analyses were performed in order to determine the effect of fractionation on local control. Results With a median follow up of 23.7months, 3-year local control was superior at 93.3% vs. 63.6% in the non-consecutive and consecutive group, respectively ( p =0.001). Multivariate analysis and propensity score matching showed that consecutive fractionation was an independent predictor of local failure. Overall survival trended toward improvement in the non-consecutive group, but this was not statistically significant ( p =0.188). Development of any grade 2 toxicity was not significantly different between the two groups ( p =0.75). Conclusion Five-fraction SBRT delivered over non-consecutive days imparts superior LC and similar toxicity compared to consecutive fractionation. These results should be validated in independent datasets and in a prospective fashion.
Principles and practice of grief counseling, by Darcy L. Harris and Howard R. Winokuer: (2nd ed.) New York, NY: Springer, 2016, 267 pp., $60.00 (soft cover), ISBN: 978-0-8261-7832

Authors Harris and Winokuer provide the reader with a comprehensive resource for the principle and practice of grief counseling. They state the goal or purpose of the book is to provide a “text for...
Review: Design for Eternity: Architectural Models from the Ancient Americas

Design for Eternity: Architectural Models from the Ancient Americas Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 26 October 2015–18 September 2016 The small but exciting exhibition Design for Eternity was precisely targeted to the topic of architectural models in ancient American art. Rather than focusing on regional styles or time periods, it displayed fifty-six objects solely on the basis of their status as small-scale representations of architecture, along with a few other materials to help contextualize them, including photos of archaeological sites and textiles. Made of clay, wood, stone, and metal, the artworks were products of various ancient American cultures, including Cupisnique, Moche, Chimu, Nazca, Inca, Nayarit, Teotihuacan, Maya, Aztec, and Mezcala. Highlighting the relationship of the models to real architectural space, the two side entrances to the gallery were decorated with motifs from Inca masonry walls, which are known for the incredible skill with which they were built. The exhibition was curated by Joanne Pillsbury, who provided extensive information on the forms, decorations, and motifs of the objects, especially in terms of how they related to the lives of ancient American peoples. The main questions guiding the exhibition concerned what these models meant to the people who created them and what modern visitors to the museum could learn through them. Despite research into Maya hieroglyphs, Aztec and …
Constitutionally Speaking: A Conversation with Lycurgus of Sparta on the Role of the Lawgiver in a Society

Lycurgus, a legendary figure of Ancient Greece, established an enduring military-based society: the city-state of Sparta. In this hypothetical interview, Lycurgus discusses his role as lawgiver. In so doing, he reflects on laws and the framing of laws as building blocks that help form a society and its government.
E-033 The smoking-thrombolysis paradox in large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke after endovascular therapy

Introduction The smoking-thrombolysis paradox has been well described in myocardial infarction. However, its existence in the stroke population remains elusive. In the past decade, several studies have investigated the phenomenon with mixed results. We sought to determine whether clinical outcomes differ between smokers and non-smokers with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular therapy. Methods We reviewed our prospectively collected endovascular database at a tertiary care academic institution. All patients who underwent endovascular therapy for large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke were categorized into current smokers and non-smokers. Baseline characteristics, procedural radiological as well as outcome parameters where compared. Results A total of 968 patients qualified for the study of which 189 (19.5%) were current smokers. Smokers were younger (60.78±11.95 vs. 66.41±15.05 years, p Conclusion In stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy, smoking does not seem to be associated with outcomes regardless of stroke subtype or location. Disclosures J. Grossberg: None. M. Bouslama: None. L. Rebello: None. D. Haussen: None. M. Frankel: None. R. Nogueira: None.
Synthesis of Z- or E-Trisubstituted Allylic Alcohols and Ethers by Kinetically Controlled Cross-Metathesis with a Ru Catechothiolate Complex

The first examples of kinetically controlled cross-metathesis reactions that generate Z- or E-trisubstituted alkenes are disclosed. Transformations are catalyzed by ≤6.0 mol % of a Ru catechothiolate complex and afford trisubstituted allylic alcohols and ethers in up to 81% yield and >98% stereoisomeric purity. The method has considerable scope, as olefins containing an alcohol, an aldehyde, an epoxide, a carboxylic acid, or an alkenyl group may be used. Mechanistic models that account for the observed levels and trends in efficiency and stereochemical control are provided, based on DFT studies.
Is hallway care dangerous? An observational study.

Abstract Objectives In response to crowding the use of hallway beds has become an increasingly prevalent practice in Emergency Departments (EDs). There is limited research on whether caring for patients in hallways (HP) is associated with adverse outcomes. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of HP triage on 30 day outcomes for ED return, readmission, and mortality. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study at an urban, academic ED comparing HPs (defined as HP for ≥30 min) to matched controls triaged to standard ED beds from 9/30/14 to 10/1/15. We analyzed data from the hospital's clinical data warehouse. Matched controls were selected by gender, age, ethnicity, and language. We used McNemar's test to assess the association between triage location and 30 day study outcomes. We also examined adverse outcomes by triage severity using McNemar's test. Results A total of 10,608 HPs were matched to control patients. Compared to controls, HPs had 2.0 times the odds of returning to the ED in 30 days (95% CI: 1.8–2.1), 1.6 times the odds of inpatient readmission (95% CI: 1.4–1.9), and 1.7 times the odds of readmission to observation (95% CI: 1.4–2.0). The odds ratio for mortality in HPs versus controls was 0.80, (95% CI: 0.50–1.3). Conclusions Patients initially triaged to the hallway have an increased odds of 30 day return to the ED, observation and inpatient admission. After adjusting for ESI, the increased odds for return remained similar. The small sample size precluded testing effects of HP status on mortality.
The Extraosseous and Intraosseous Arterial Anatomy of the Adult Elbow

We investigated the extraosseous and intraosseous arterial anatomy of the human adult elbow. Twenty-two fresh adult cadaveric upper extremities were studied with a technique of combined India-ink and latex injection followed by chemical debridement. The intraosseous vascularity of twelve extremities was then evaluated with a rapid Spalteholz clearing technique. Our findings demonstrated consistent patterns of extraosseous and intraosseous vascular anatomy, which were organized into three vascular arcades: medial, lateral, and posterior. The medial arcade was formed by the superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries and the posterior ulnar recurrent artery. The lateral arcade was formed by the radial and middle collateral, radial recurrent, and interosseous recurrent arteries. The posterior arcade was formed by the medial and lateral arcades and the middle collateral artery. The intraosseous circulation of the elbow, which was segmental in organization, appeared to be dependent on the local blood supply. The capitellum and the lateral aspect of the trochlea were supplied by posterior perforating vessels arising from the radial recurrent, radial collateral, and interosseous recurrent arteries. The medial aspect of the trochlea was supplied by a circumferential vascular ring originating from the inferior ulnar collateral artery. Watershed areas were apparent between the blood supplies to the medial and lateral aspects of the distal end of the humerus. The olecranon was richly supplied by vessels coursing along its medial aspect from the posterior ulnar recurrent artery and along its lateral aspect from the interosseous recurrent artery. The radial head had a dual extraosseous blood supply from a single branch of the radial recurrent artery, which supplied the head directly, and from additional vessels from both the radial and the interosseous recurrent artery, which penetrated the capsular insertion at the neck of the radius. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our findings demonstrate that arterial contributions to the intraosseous circulation of the elbow are more specific than previously appreciated. The intraosseous circulation of the elbow is derived mainly from perforating vessels that arise from neighboring extraosseous arteries. These perforating arteries may be damaged by trauma or by extensile dissection during reconstruction of the elbow. An understanding of the extraosseous and intraosseous circulation of the elbow may help to avoid iatrogenic injury to the intraosseous circulation.
Recent Advances in Approaches to the Study of Gene Locus Control Regions

In the many decades of investigation into the regulation of gene transcription in vertebrates, the locus control region (LCR) has emerged as perhaps the most powerful cis-acting regulatory DNA element that one can envision. An LCR element is unique in that it supports both specific spatiotemporal regulation of transcription during development, and a poorly understood “insulation capacity” that prevents genomic interference with the gene regulatory program it would impose upon a linked transgene. As such, it represents a complete, compact and portable package of the DNA sequence information required to establish an independently and predictably regulated gene locus in native chromatin of a whole animal. Both in vivo and cell culture models have contributed significantly to building the field of LCRs. Nevertheless, the gold standard experimental approach to LCR study is transgenic mice, which has been dominant in the progress made in the field over the past 25 years. However, recent technological advances are resulting in a re-emergence of cell culture based approaches to LCR study, portending a coming era of more rapid progress in this significant but understudied field. The investigation of the unique and powerful gene regulatory activities supported by LCR elements offers unparalleled opportunities to gain insight into cis-mediated transcriptional regulation at the single gene locus level. Furthermore, such insights are critical to advancing the safety and efficacy of gene therapy.
Directional light-WIMP time-projection-chamber detector for electron beam-dump experiments

Light dark matter in the context of dark sector theories is an attractive candidate to make up the bulk of the mass of our Universe. We explore here the possibility of using a low-pressure, negative-ion, time-projection-chamber detector to search for light dark matter behind the beam dump of an electron accelerator. The sensitivity of a 10-m long detector is several orders of magnitude better than existing limits. This sensitivity includes regions of parameter space where light dark matter is predicted to have a required relic density consistent with measured dark matter density. Backgrounds at shallow depth will need to be considered carefully. However, several signatures exist, including a powerful directional signature, which will allow a detection even in the presence of backgrounds.
Evaluation of a Longitudinal Institutional Advanced Pharmacy Practice Model.

Objective: To evaluate a longitudinal experiential training model for advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). Innovation: A six-month longitudinal pilot program named the Focused Institutional Longitudinal Experience (FILE) program was developed at two academic medical centers to maximize active participation of the student and minimize the time spent orienting and onboarding students to each APPE experience. A unique component of the FILE program is the longitudinal service project, which involved a medication use evaluation, including a review of published literature and drug policy recommendations to medical center quality committees. Analysis: Student ratings regarding the quality and value of the FILE student experience was compared to the traditional APPE model. Nine quality measures were compared (e.g. amount of opportunity for direct patient care experience, learning, integration into healthcare team, and accountability for patient outcomes) between students from the FILE program to peers completing similar APPEs outside the FILE program. FILE students and APPE preceptors also completed surveys regarding the value of several program aspects. Key Findings: There was no difference between FILE and non-FILE student self-rated measures of APPE quality, and thus the decision to participate in a longitudinal APPE program should be based on the personal preference of the student. Students in the FILE program agreed or strongly agreed (mean score 4.3) that they felt prepared for post-graduate training at the completion of the program. The potential value that students in a longitudinal program might bring to the site is reinforced by the general agreement by preceptors in the end of year survey that FILE students take less of their time to orient to their service and the trend toward perception that FILE students are more likely to independently participate in patient care activities. Next Steps: To address feedback on preceptor-mentor role and the desire for more interaction with pharmacy residents, students are now paired with a pharmacy resident, and the student and resident work together on the service project with a clinical pharmacist as an advisor. Updated standards of practice clearly delineate the roles and responsibilities of students, residents, and the clinical pharmacist preceptor. Annual surveys of FILE students and preceptors provide necessary feedback to continuously improve the quality of the program. Article Type: Note
Dwarf galaxies in CDM, WDM, and SIDM: disentangling baryons and dark matter physics

Author(s): Fitts, A; Boylan-Kolchin, M; Bozek, B; Bullock, JS; Graus, A; Robles, V; Hopkins, PF; El-Badry, K; Garrison-Kimmel, S; Faucher-Giguere, CA; Wetzel, A; Keres, D | Abstract: We present a suite of FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations of isolated field dwarf galaxies, all with masses of Mhalo ≈ 1010 M at z = 0, across a range of dark matter models. For the first time, we compare how both self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) and/or warm dark matter (WDM) models affect the assembly histories as well as the central density structure in fully hydrodynamical simulations of dwarfs. Dwarfs with smaller stellar half-mass radii (r1/2 l 500 pc) have lower σ/Vmax ratios, reinforcing the idea that smaller dwarfs may reside in haloes that are more massive than is naively expected. The majority of dwarfs simulated with self-interactions actually experience contraction of their inner density profiles with the addition of baryons relative to the cores produced in dark-matter-only runs, though the simulated dwarfs are always less centrally dense than in CDM. The V1/2–r1/2 relation across all simulations is generally consistent with observations of Local Field dwarfs, though compact objects such as Tucana provide a unique challenge. Overall, the inclusion of baryons substantially reduces any distinct signatures of dark matter physics in the observable properties of dwarf galaxies. Spatially resolved rotation curves in the central regions (l400 pc) of small dwarfs could provide a way to distinguish between CDM, WDM, and SIDM, however: at the masses probed in this simulation suite, cored density profiles in dwarfs with small r1/2 values can only originate from dark matter self-interactions.
Persons living with HIV with advanced HIV disease: need for novel care models

INTRODUCTION Despite increasing focus on test and treat strategies for people living with HIV (PLHIV), many continue to enrol late in care and initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) when they have advanced HIV disease. METHODS We analyzed PLHIV ≥15 years of age starting ART in Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique and Tanzania from 2005 to 2015 based on CD4+ groups at ART initiation (≥200, 100 to 199, 50 to 99 and 6 months; deaths were ascertained from medical records. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 305,443 PLHIV were included in the analysis: 118,580 (38.8%) CD4+ ≥200, 91,788 (30.1%) CD4+ 100 to 199, 44,029 (14.4%) CD4+ 50 to 99 and 51,046 (16.7%) CD4+ <50 cells/mm3 . At 12 months after ART initiation, attrition for those with CD4+ ≥200, 100 to 199, 50 to 99 and <50 cells/mm3 was 21.3% (95% CI 21.1 to 21.6), 21.8% (95% CI 21.6 to 22.1), 27.3% (95% CI 26.9 to 27.7) and 33.6% (95% CI 33.2 to 34.0) respectively. In multivariable models, compared to PLHIV with CD4+ ≥200 cells/mm3 , those with CD4+ 50 to 99 cells/mm3 had 29% increased risk of attrition (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.29, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.32) and those with <50 cells/mm3 had 56% increased risk of attrition (AHR 1.56, 95% CI 1.53 to 1.58). Men had higher attrition compared to women across all CD4+ groups and overall were 28% more likely to experience attrition (AHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.29). Even after ART initiation, PLHIV with advanced disease had notably inferior outcomes with substantial gradient within the low CD4+ strata highlighting the need for targeted interventions for these populations. CONCLUSIONS Greater efforts, including the identification of effective differentiated service delivery models, are needed to ensure that all PLHIV starting treatment can garner the benefits from ART and achieve favourable outcomes.
Nicotine on Children's Hands: Limited Protection of Smoking Bans and Initial Clinical Findings.

Background:Thirdhand smoke (THS) pollutants, such as nicotine, accumulate on the hands of children who live in homes with smokers and are exposed to secondhand smoke. Our objective was to examine w...
A directional TV based ring artifact reduction method

In computed tomography (CT), miscalibrated or imperfect detector elements produce stripe artifacts in the sinogram. The stripe artifacts in Radon space are responsible for concentric ring artifacts in the reconstructed images. To remove the ring artifacts from the images, there exist several methods. While most of the methods are performed in the image domain, a few of them are adopted in the projection or sinogram domain. In the latter methods, the sinogram is intended to be corrected before the image reconstruction. In this work, a novel optimization model is proposed to remove the ring artifacts in an iterative reconstruction procedure. To correct a sinogram, a new correcting vector is proposed to compensate for malfunctioning of detectors in the projection domain. Moreover, a novel directional total variation (DTV) based regularization is developed to penalize the ring artifacts in the image domain. The optimization problem is solved by using the alternating minimization scheme (AMS). In each iteration, the fidelity term along with the DTV-based regularization is first solved to find the image, and then the correcting coefficient vector is updated according to the obtained image. Because the sinogram and the image are simultaneously updated, the proposed method basically performs in both the image and sinogram domains. The proposed method is evaluated using real preclinical datasets containing strong ring artifacts , and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently suppress the ring artifacts.
Electronic Wills: Drawing a Line in the Sand Against Their Validity

Editors’ Synopsis: Electronic communication and documentation are ubiquitous and, in the commercial world, allow us to more easily and quickly gratify a broad range of consumer desires. This article addresses whether electronic media also should be permitted to play a role in effectuating our desires after death. More specifically, it discusses whether state legislatures should follow the lead of Nevada in enacting legislation that permits probate courts to recognize the validity of a will that exists solely in an original electronic format. The author concludes that the resulting gains in convenience are not worth the increased exposure to fraud that sometimes accompanies electronic transactions. Instead, the article suggests that wider adoption of the Uniform Probate Code’s harmless error doctrine will allow courts to give effect to clear and convincing expressions of testamentary intent regardless of how they are memorialized.