cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Work of Breathing During Lung-Protective Ventilation in Patients With Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Comparison Between Volume and Pressure-Regulated Breathing Modes

BACKGROUND: Pressure-control ventilation (PCV) and pressure-regulated volume-control (PRVC) ventilation are used during lung-protective ventilation because the high, variable, peak inspiratory flow rate (V˙I) may reduce patient work of breathing (WOB) more than the fixed V˙I of volume-control ventilation (VCV). Patient-triggered breaths during PCV and PRVC may result in excessive tidal volume (VT) delivery unless the inspiratory pressure is reduced, which in turn may decrease the peak V˙I. We tested whether PCV and PRVC reduce WOB better than VCV with a high, fixed peak V˙I (75 L/min) while also maintaining a low VT target. METHODS: Fourteen nonconsecutive patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome were studied prospectively, using a random presentation of ventilator modes in a crossover, repeated-measures design. A target VT of 6.4 ± 0.5 mL/kg was set during VCV and PRVC. During PCV the inspiratory pressure was set to achieve the same VT. WOB and other variables were measured with a pulmonary mechanics monitor (Bicore CP-100). RESULTS: There was a nonsignificant trend toward higher WOB (in J/L) during PCV (1.27 ± 0.58 J/L) and PRVC (1.35 ± 0.60 J/L), compared to VCV (1.09 ± 0.59 J/L). While mean VT was not statistically different between modes, in 40% of patients, VT markedly exceeded the lung-protective ventilation target during PRVC and PCV. CONCLUSIONS: During lung-protective ventilation, PCV and PRVC offer no advantage in reducing WOB, compared to VCV with a high flow rate, and in some patients did not allow control of VT to be as precise.
Progress and prospects in thermolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane for mobile applications

Using hydrogen as a transportation fuel has been attracting considerable interest due to zero carbon emissions from vehicles. Storing hydrogen compactly, safely and affordably remains a major scientific and technological challenge in on-board applications. Over the past decade, significant efforts have been made in developing solid-state hydrogen storage techniques. Among the chemical storage materials, ammonia borane is one most promising candidate because it has a high hydrogen density of 19.6 wt% and it is a non-flammable and non-explosive crystalline compound at ambient conditions. Hydrogen can be extracted from ammonia borane via thermolysis, hydrolysis, hydrothermolysis, and methanolysis. This review covers various approaches and prospects of facilitating thermolysis, along with a brief discussion of the nature of ammonia borane and the regeneration of spent fuel.
Calcium transport during mineralization.

The translocation of calcium from the extracellular fluid compartment into the mineralizing matrix during hard tissue formation is not well understood. There are two general means by which such calcium movement may occur: (1) diffusion through the pericellular space, or (2) transcellular transport. Cementum and bone are difficult tissues in which to study the system and little is known about the mechanisms involved. Dentin offers certain advantages for study and it appears that calcium movement into the mineralizing matrix is by trans-cellular transport. Information concerning the transport mechanism is meager. Enamel is more easily explored. The apparent existence of intercellular junctions tight to calcium in the ameloblast layer at all stages of enamel formation indicates that calcium movement occurs by transcellular transport. Based on published findings, a hypothesis concerning mechanisms of transcellular transport may be advanced. It is proposed that the relatively low level of calcium transport through secretory ameloblasts occurs without direct involvement of a calcium binding protein. During the maturation stage, when calcium influx to the matrix is greatly increased, a calcium binding protein (9 kd) appears and facilitates transport while preventing unphysiologic increases in the cytosolic free calcium ion concentration. Differences in the calcium ion concentrations of extracellular fluid and enamel matrix fluid appear to be critical to the influx of calcium across the proximal cell membrane and the efflux of calcium across the distal cell membrane.
Tissue-specific and hormonally regulated expression of a rat alpha 2u globulin gene in transgenic mice.

Abstract To investigate the tissue-specific and hormonal regulation of the rat alpha 2u globulin gene family, we introduced one cloned member of the gene family into the mouse germ line and studied its expression in the resulting transgenic mice. Alpha 2u globulingene 207 was microinjected on a 7-kilobase DNA fragment, and four transgenic lines were analyzed. The transgene was expressed at very high levels, specifically in the liver and the preputial gland of adult male mice. The expression in male liver was first detected at puberty, and no expression was detected in female transgenic mice. This pattern of expression is similar to the expression of endogenous alpha 2u globulin genes in the rat but differs from the expression of the homologous mouse major urinary protein (MUP) gene family in that MUPs are synthesized in female liver and not in the male preputial gland. We conclude that these differences between rat alpha 2u globulin and mouse MUP gene expression are due to evolutionary differences in cis-acting regulatory elements. The expression of the alpha 2u globulin transgene in the liver was abolished by castration and fully restored after testosterone replacement. The expression could also be induced in the livers of female mice by treatment with either testosterone or dexamethasone, following ovariectomy and adrenalectomy. Therefore, the cis-acting elements responsible for regulation by these two hormones, as well as those responsible for tissue-specific expression, are closely linked to the alpha 2u globulin gene.
Ultra-low voltage integrated receivers in nanoscale CMOS

CMOS process scaling has lead to lower supply voltages for transistors. The sub-1V supply voltage in modern CMOS nanoscale processes coupled with the need to provide highly integrated solutions in embedded applications requires us to rethink the design of analog and RF circuits. We present design techniques for RF transceivers operating from ultra voltage (ULV) supplies in standard digital processes. In this paper we systematically look at the architectural and circuit design techniques that enable the robust design of ULV wireless receivers. We will present three integrated receivers operating from 0.5–0.6V that target WPAN and wide-area cellular network applications.
SYMPTOMS OF ANOTHER LIFE: Time, Possibility, and Domestic Relations in Chile's Credit Economy

In this article, I explore the synergy and disjunctures of the consumer credit system and care for the mentally ill and addicted in the lifeworlds of the urban poor in Santiago, Chile. In Chile, the expansion of the credit system has had a double-edged effect on the poor. Although it produces perpetual indebtedness, it also is a resource amid unstable labor. Following an extended family over several years, this article examines how women take up credit through a wider field of domestic relations and institutions to care for kin with mental illness and addiction within the home. Such gestures of care enact a temporality of waiting, allowing different, but unpredictable, aspects of others to emerge. Through longitudinal ethnographic research with this family, I demonstrate both how possibility is actualized within the home as symptoms of illness and forms of domestic violence, and how a wider network of dependencies—from neighbors to lending institutions—shapes the temporality of relations within the home. Such a study of care in relation to the credit economy may offer other analytic perspectives on discourses of individualism, consumerism, and cost-effectiveness accompanying the expansion of consumer credit as they are absorbed into the everyday.
Mortality in cerebrovascular accident applicants to a rehabilitation center

Abstract Of 1193 applicants with CVA's to Montebello State Hospital during six years, 40 per cent were dead within one year. Mortality was higher in the older age groups, in nonwhites, in those whose illness was of recent onset, and in the group not admitted to Montebello. As well as the estimated rehabilitation potential, the variations in expectation of life may also be considered in deciding priority for applicants would then be admitted with equal promptness. CVA's were given as the underlying cause of death in 44 per cent of all deaths. This proportion was greatest in those dying soon after applying, and diminished as survival lengthened. The incidence of new disease, and a tendency to forget the original CVA, are suggested as playing a part in causing these changes.
Atomic-Scale Modeling of Low-Energy Ion-Solid Processes

Various techniques which have been applied to modeling low-energy (« 1 keV) ion-solid interactions on an atomistic scale are described. In addition to their individual strengths, all such methods also have a number of drawbacks, both fundamental and practical. The range of validity, and the problems encountered external to this range, will be outlined for the different approaches. Finally, examples of molecular dynamics simulations of low-energy ion-solid interactions will be presented.
Regionalization and Interlocal Bargains

Numerous commentators on local government law have advocated some form of regionalization to address metropolitan problems. These recommendations emanate from a conception of local governments, particularly suburbs, as isolated, self-interested entities that ignore or exploit the plight of their neighbors, particularly central cities. In this Article, Professor Gillette posits both a justification for decentralized entities and a more sanguine relationship among localities within a region. Analogizing from the literature concerning firms that form long-term contractual relationships, he contends that neighboring localities may be sufficiently interdependent that they have significant incentives to cooperate through interlocal contracts that realize economies of scale or that share regional distributional burdens. He suggests that any underutilization of interlocal contract depends less on suburban disinterest or exploitation than on contracting costs and legal obstacles that do not as readily affect interfirm relationships. Thus, problems attributed by advocates of regionalization to excessive localism may best be redressed through institutional arrangements that reduce contracting costs. Nevertheless, he argues that some costs inherent in regional burden-sharing contracts, such as the observability and verifiability of contract breaches, may be irreducible. He concludes, therefore, that some contracting costs that are endemic in interlocal relations are best circumvented through informal cooperative bargains that avoid problems of monitoring and enforcement.
Drug-induced mania--causative agents, clinical characteristics and management. A retrospective analysis of the literature.

128 case reports of drug-induced mania were reviewed. Steroids, levodopa and other dopaminergic agents, iproniazid, sympathomimetic amines, triazolobenzodiazepines and hallucinogens were the agents that most commonly induced manic syndromes. The most common characteristics of drug-induced manic episodes were increased activity, rapid speech, elevated mood, and insomnia. Patients who developed mania often had a prior history, family history, or current symptoms of mood disturbance. The episodes were most commonly treated by discontinuing or reducing the dose of causative agent. Discontinuation of the inciting drug and treatment with neuroleptic agents were equally efficacious; lithium treatment was less effective. The majority of agents that induce mania have an effect on monoaminergic systems.
Bridging Political Science and Political Education in the Schools, Suggested Publications in Education.

(1975). Bridging Political Science and Political Education in the Schools. Teaching Political Science: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 345-352.
Algal blooms, circulators, waterfowl, and eutrophic Greenfield Lake, North Carolina

ABSTRACTMallin MA, McIver MR, Wambach EJ, Robuck AR. 2016. Algal blooms, circulators, waterfowl, and eutrophic Greenfield Lake, North Carolina. Lake Reserv Manage. 32:168–181.Lake rehabilitation measures can sometimes have unintended consequences, including increasing certain eutrophication symptoms. An example involves Greenfield Lake, an urban blackwater impoundment within the City of Wilmington, North Carolina. This popular recreational impoundment has experienced noxious phytoplankton and macrophyte blooms, anoxia and hypoxia, and fish kills for many years. Chlorophyll a and biological oxygen demand are strongly correlated within the lake, indicating that decaying algal blooms are an important source of oxygen demand resulting in low dissolved oxygen. Nutrient addition bioassays demonstrated that the phytoplankton strongly responded to nitrogen (N) inputs. Spatially, ammonium, nitrate, and N/P ratios were higher in the upper lake compared with the lower lake, indicating tributary input of inorganic N,...
The problem of business ethics: Oxymoron or inadequate vocabulary?

Recently critics have faulted American business schools for failing to impart to their students an understanding of ethics and its role in business. In this paper, we agree and attribute this situation, at least in part, to the need for a vocabulary of ethics and a failure to communicate Adam Smith's moral orientation to capitalism. So long as business schools fail to recognize explicitly that Smith, whoseThe Wealth of Nations serves as an intellectual backdrop for business school curricula, did in fact provide a place for ethics in capitalist economic relations (indeed, some would argue a dominant place), they will continue to advocate implicitly the theory of amorality in business—the idea that ethics has no place in business. By examining Smith's ethical arguments we can explicate the moral underpinnings of stakeholder analysis, a currently popular approach to management decision-making.
A transcription activator-like effector from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola elicits dose-dependent resistance in rice

Xanthomonas spp. reduce crop yields and quality worldwide. During infection of their plant hosts, many strains secrete transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors, which enter the host cell nucleus and activate specific corresponding host genes at effector binding elements (EBEs) in the promoter. TAL effectors may contribute to disease by activating the expression of susceptibility genes or trigger resistance associated with the hypersensitive reaction (HR) by activating an executor resistance (R) gene. The rice bacterial leaf streak pathogen X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) is known to suppress host resistance, and no host R gene has been identified against it, despite considerable effort. To further investigate Xoc suppression of host resistance, we conducted a screen of effectors from BLS256 and identified Tal2a as an HR elicitor in rice when delivered heterologously by a strain of the closely related rice bacterial blight pathogen X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) or by the soybean pathogen X. axonopodis pv. glycines. The HR required the Tal2a activation domain, suggesting an executor R gene. Tal2a activity was differentially distributed among geographically diverse Xoc isolates, being largely conserved among Asian isolates. We identified four genes induced by Tal2a in next-generation RNA sequencing experiments and confirmed them using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). However, neither individual nor collective activation of these genes by designer TAL effectors resulted in HR. A tal2a knockout mutant of BLS256 showed virulence comparable with the wild-type, but plasmid-based overexpression of tal2a at different levels in the wild-type reduced virulence in a directly corresponding way. Overall, the results reveal that host resistance suppression by Xoc plays a critical role in pathogenesis. Further, the dose-dependent avirulence activity of Tal2a and the apparent lack of a single canonical target that accounts for HR point to a novel, activation domain-dependent mode of action, which might involve, for example, a non-coding gene or a specific pattern of activation across multiple targets.
Temperature and Evapotranspiration Gradients of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, U.S.A.

Air temperatures and soil moisture percentages were measured below forest canopies along an environmental gradient in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, U.S.A. The following gradients of decline with altitude were estimated from these data: within-forest air temperature, growing degree-days (0?C base), and potential and actual evapotranspiration. These gradients provide a basis for the development of predictors for rates of ecologically significant phenomena such as water balance, net primary production, and decomposition rates.
Buyer-games: Optimization over the core

In a buyer-supplier game, a special type of assignment game, a distinguished player, called the buyer, wishes to purchase some combinatorial structure. A set of players, called suppliers, offer various components of the structure for sale. Any combinatorial minimization problem can be transformed into a buyer-supplier game. While most previous work has been concerned with characterizing the core of buyer-supplier games, in this paper we study optimization over the set of core vectors. We give a polynomial time algorithm for optimizing over the core of any buyer-supplier game for which the underlying minimization problem is solvable in polynomial time. In addition, we show that it is hard to determine whether a given vector belongs to the core if the base minimization problem is not solvable in polynomial time. Finally, we introduce and study the concept of focus point price, which answers the question: If we are constrained to play in equilibrium, how much can we lose by playing the wrong equilibrium?
Substantia nigra damage after flurothyl-induced seizures in rats worsens after post-seizure recovery: No exacerbation with hyperglycaemia

The substantia nigra pars reticularis (SNPR) of rats is highly susceptible to both seizure- and ischaemia-mediated damage. Hyperglycaemic exacerbation of brain damage similar to that observed after...
‘Now it Remains’: Hardy and D. H. Lawrence

If the first two remarks above suggest ambivalence in Lawrence’s attitude toward Hardy, the third asserts that ambivalence’s creative result. Lawrence had disdain as well as respect for Hardy’s accomplishment in the Wessex Novels, which he read and reread throughout his life. Though I have found no reference to Hardy in Lawrence’s history before 1910, he had almost surely read Hardy before this, his twenty-fifth, year, probably with Jessie Chambers and her family. Jessie recalled her father’s reading of Tess in the kitchen of the Haggs, the farm to which the Chambers moved in about 1897. Lawrence visited them there frequently from about 1900 on and of course transformed Haggs Farm into the Willey Farm of Sons and Lovers (1913).1 Equally important, four volumes of the Wessex Novels were in the Eastwood Mechanics’ Library, and Lawrence in all likelihood read them.2 In December 1910, Lawrence mentioned Jude the Obscure in a letter to his fiancee, Louie Burroughs. And at about this same time Lawrence wrote a poem titled ‘And Jude the Obscure and his Beloved’, a poem that indicates, as one critic has said, that Lawrence ‘had given the character relationships of Jude some analysis while the first version of Sons and Lovers was in progress’.3
Hans Rudolf Vaget, Dilettantismus und Meisterschaft. Zum Problem des Dilettantismus bei Goethe: Praxis, Theorie, Zeitkritik

(1972). Hans Rudolf Vaget, Dilettantismus und Meisterschaft. Zum Problem des Dilettantismus bei Goethe: Praxis, Theorie, Zeitkritik. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 130-132.
Tlr4 Is Monoallelically Expressed in Human BFU-E and CFU-E and May Have Application as a Clonality Marker in Hematological Disorders Due to Somatic Mutations in Both Males and Females.

Tlr4 is monoallelically expressed in a tissue specific manner in mice (Peireira JP, Girard R, Chaby R, et al. Nat Immunol 4(5): 464–70, 2003). We characterized Tlr4 allelic expression in human BFU-E, CFU-E, and reticulocytes. The alleles were distinguished by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that resulted in creation of a new Bcc1 restriction enzyme cutting site. Individuals were genotyped for the SNP and only individuals heterozygous for the SNP were used in experiments. Polycythemia vera patients were diagnosed based on clinical presentation, the presence of the JAK2 V617F mutation, and clonality by X chromosome inactivation methods when available. Individual human BFU-E and CFU-E were grown from whole blood mononuclear cell fractions on methylcellulose media. Allelic expression of Tlr4 was assayed after reverse transcription of mRNA, nested PCR amplification of cDNA, and Bcc1 digestion of PCR product. Normal human BFU-E and CFU-E colonies demonstrated monoallelic expression of both alleles as well as biallelic expression (n=1). Polycythemia vera patient BFU-E and CFU-E colonies demonstrated a similar pattern (n=2). Tlr4 allelic expression in reticulocyte RNA fractions was assayed as outlined above and by quantitative reverse transcription PCR methods. Normal human reticulocyte RNA fractions isolated from whole blood demonstrated biallelic expression (n=4). 3 of 5 polycythemia vera patient reticulocyte RNA fractions isolated from whole blood demonstrated skewed biallelic expression, and 2 of 5 polycythemia vera patients demonstrated monoallelic expression of either allele. Tlr4 is located on chromosome 9 in humans. The finding of monoallelic expression in the reticulocyte RNA of 2 of 5 PV patients suggests that Tlr4 may be used as a phenotypic clonality marker in males and females, and a subset of polycythemia vera patients can be identified within the diagnostic population defined by clinical history and the JAK2 V617F mutation. If the assumption that clonal proliferation follows somatic mutation is true, then at least 2 mutations are implied in the pathogenesis of polycythemia vera: one by the original demonstration of clonality by X-chromosome inactivation methods, and the other by the demonstration of acquired monoallelic Tlr4 expression in the BFU-E/CFU-E to reticulocyte transition. These data are now followed by a prospective study of Tlr4 expression in a large number of female and male patients to be correlated with quantitative JAK2 V617F measurements.
Ethical Considerations in the Long-Term Ventricular Assist Device Patient

As the heart failure population continues to age, the need for definitive therapies such as ventricular assist devices (VADs) to extend life and alleviate suffering from end-stage disease directly increases. The goal of this article is to examine the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice within the context of long-term VAD patients. Survival rates in VAD-implanted patients have improved in parallel with modernization of device design and surgical technique, reaching that of cardiac transplantation at 1 year post-procedure. Even the sickest patients, those once deemed transplant-ineligible, have been proven to benefit from device implantation and in some cases to a point of becoming eligible for cardiac transplantation. Nevertheless, VAD implantation remains a high-risk procedure with in-hospital mortality rates reaching up to 27% post-procedure and requires intensive upkeep even after successful implantation. Furthermore, end-of-life decisions are complicated by consideration of device deactivation in patients who may not die immediately from an otherwise lethal pathophysiology. Ethical considerations in selection of patients, goals of implantation, and length of therapy become important to preserve the efficacy of treatment and maximize resource utilization. Advanced directives, shared decision-making, and multi-disciplinary approach to treatment have been shown to improve outcomes with respect to both survival and quality of life.
The rite way: Integrating emotion and rationality in religious participation:

This article employs a most-similar case study of two congregations in order to explore the organizational features of congregations that impact religious participation. The congregations were as s...
The reliability of card-based and tablet-based left/right judgment measurements.

Abstract Background Left/right judgment (LRJ) measurement is a potential way to identify dysfunction in cortical body maps, and to measure improvement related to corresponding treatments. Few studies have explored the reliability of various methods for LRJ measurement. Objectives To determine measurement reliability of LRJ utilizing two methods: card-based (CB) and tablet-based (TB). Establish minimal detectable difference (MDD) for accuracy and reaction time for both assessments. Methods Testing was done over two different days. Session 1 consisted of testing LRJ utilizing CB assessment with photos of left and right hands over two trial periods. The TB format was also tested over two trial periods. Session 2 tested with the CB assessment for two trial periods. 40 images were used in the basic upright position for both CB and TB formats. Results Fifty participants (N = 50; female = 35) with an average age of 24.3 (range 19–35) were studied. ICC (2,k) for reaction time for both methods were >0.84. The MDD for reaction time was between 0.19 and 0.49 s for various test points for both methods. Combined left and right accuracy ICC (2,k) for both methods were >0.51, with MDD between 5 and 14%. Conclusions This study examined the reliability and MDD for the LRJ measurement for card and tablet-based assessments. Generally, LRJ reaction time had good reliability, while accuracy had moderate reliability and varied between testing methods.
Interventional radiology-operated endoscopy-assisted retrograde transnasal placement of a retrievable transhepatic covered biliary stent

Biliary stent placement is an adjunct for complex biliary intervention. Patients with benign biliary strictures or aversion to external drainage may benefit from placement of retrievable biliary stents. This report describes a patient with a working diagnosis of benign biliary stricture who underwent interventional radiology-operated endoscopy-guided transnasal placement of a fully covered retrievable biliary stent.
Autism Spectrum and Social Pragmatic Language Disorders

The consolidation of the DSM-IV pervasive developmental disorders into the DSM-5 diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reviewed. Furthermore, the establishment of social language pragmatic disorder, a condition which is somewhat similar to ASD, is also reviewed. Evidence that is presented related to the symptomology, etiology, course, and prognosis is also reviewed for both diagnoses and a case to be made for differential diagnosis.
Physiological Measures for Human Performance Analysis in Human-Robot Teamwork: Case of Tele-Exploration

Continuous monitoring of mental workload and situation awareness in operational environments is useful for understanding and prediction of human performance. Such information can be used to develop real-time adaptive systems to enhance human performance. In this paper, we investigate the use of workload- and attention-related physiological measures to predict operator performance and situation awareness in the context of tele-exploration with a small team of robots. A user study is conducted based on a simulated scenario involving visual scanning and manual control tasks with varying levels of task-load. Brain activity and eye movements of the participants are monitored across the experimental tasks using electroencephalogram and eye tracker sensors. The performances of the subjects are evaluated in terms of target detection and situation awareness (primary metrics) as well as reaction time and false detection (secondary metrics). Moreover, individual differences in two specific visual skills, visual search (VS) and multi-object tracking (MOT) are considered as between-subject factors in the experimental design. The main effects of task type and individual differences reveal that VS and MOT skill have significant effects on target detection and situation awareness, respectively. The correlations of physiological measures with the task performance and situation awareness are analyzed. The results suggest that brain-based features (mental workload and distraction) which represent the covert aspect of attention are better suited to predict the secondary performance metrics. On the other hand, glance-based features which represent the overt aspect of attention are shown to be the best predictors of the primary performance metrics.
Doing More with Less: Civic Practices for Longer-Term Impact in Global Service-Learning.

This essay explores the potential value of short-term study abroad experiences within the unique framework of a new global service-learning program at Providence College which connects international with local engagement as a way to “do more with less.” Authors first introduce a typology for global service-learning, illustrating how this model fits within current approaches to international service-learning. They then describe a case study, Voices Across Borders, the global service-learning program which provides opportunities for students to engage with rural Nicaraguan and urban Providence youth through projects that harness the power of storytelling to make connections across borders. Based on the lessons from this effort, the essay offers a set of civic practices that can support the longer-term impact of short-term global service-learning, including i) fostering storytelling across borders; ii) cultivating students as partners; iii) developing reciprocal community partnerships; and iv)creating public work, visual, auditory or performing public artifacts. After describing the challenges for short-term international engagement, the authors conclude that global service-learning initiatives might more appropriately be focused on collaborative learning, rather than service, as a way of thinking more comprehensively about the entire global “ecology of education” which links learning at the international and local levels.
Clinical Features Associated With Nascent Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in a Population Aged 40 to 55 Years

Diastolic dysfunction (DD), an abnormality in cardiac left ventricular (LV) chamber compliance, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although DD has been extensively studied in older populations, co-morbidity patterns are less well characterized in middle-aged subjects. We screened 156,434 subjects with transthoracic echocardiogram reports available through Vanderbilt's electronic heath record and identified 6,612 subjects 40 to 55 years old with an LV ejection fraction ≥50% and diastolic function staging. We tested 452 incident and prevalent clinical diagnoses for associations with early-stage DD (n = 1,676) versus normal function. There were 44 co-morbid diagnoses associated with grade 1 DD including hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.78 to 2.28, p <5.3 × 10-29), type 2 diabetes (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.68 to 2.29, p = 2.1 × 10-17), tachycardia (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.53 to 2.19, p = 2.9 × 10-6), obesity (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.06, p = 1.7 × 10-12), and clinical end points, including end-stage renal disease (OR 3.29, 95% CI 2.19 to 4.96, p = 1.2 × 10-8) and stroke (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.02, p = 6.9 × 10-3). Among the 60 incident diagnoses associated with DD, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (OR 4.63, 95% CI 3.39 to 6.32, p = 6.3 × 10-22) had the most significant association. Among subjects with normal diastolic function and blood pressure at baseline, a blood pressure measurement in the hypertensive range at the time of the second echocardiogram was associated with progression to stage 1 DD (p = 0.04). In conclusion, DD was common among subjects 40 to 55 years old and was associated with a heavy burden of co-morbid disease.
Threats to mental health and wellbeing associated with climate change

Abstract The human health impacts of climate change have recently come into clearer focus as human communities around the world grapple with rising seas, flooding, extreme storms, heat waves, wildfires, drought, and other climate-related disruptions. These climate change-driven events not only threaten physical health but also take a significant toll on mental health and wellbeing. In this chapter, we summarize the psychological research on mental health outcomes of climate change. Mental health and wellbeing are affected by more than just the acute events of climate change, such as damaging storms; also significant are the less obvious and chronic impacts, such as rising temperatures and changes to the landscape. Studies link climate-fueled acute events and chronic climate disruptions to many forms of psychopathology, including increased anxiety, distress, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and, in some cases, even suicide. More subtle impacts of the changing climate on psychosocial health are also likely. While climate change will impact all people, some groups carry greater risk than others. Women, children, individuals from marginalized communities, and indigenous populations are all likely to experience a disproportionate mental health burden as our climate changes.
Troubling Sympathy: Teaching Refugee and Child Soldier Narratives

Although the choice to assign stories about refugee experience and other narratives of human suffering can help teachers cultivate a global perspective with students, there is a risk that readers will reproduce asymmetrical discourses of sympathy and pity. Such discourses reinforce the perceived distance between the self and Other, positioning the reader as one who can and should uplift the protagonists of the stories. This article applies Luc Boltanksi’s theory of “distant suffering” to excerpts of student writing in order to complicate the relationship between reader and text. By examining student written responses, this article proposes that performances of sympathy be replaced with reflections on complicity in the consumption of human suffering.
Constructing Lumbersexuality: Marketing an Emergent Masculine Taste Regime:

This article examines the online retailer Huckberry.com as a singular, centralized authority responsible for marketing “lumbersexuality” as an emergent, gender-normative taste regime. As an evoluti...
Integrating a Global Inclusive Perspective into Coursework for Pre-service Teachers

Abstract Intercultural competence is a necessary disposition for teachers in the United States who instruct an increasingly diverse group of P-12 students in inclusive settings. Viewing the world and inclusive practices from multicultural and global perspectives can be difficult when the majority of one's experiences occur within their own culture. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to describe how a teacher educator connected her 40 early childhood pre-service teachers to broader national and global inclusive practice issues via project-based learning activities. Data were collected using a brief, researcher-developed questionnaire and analyzed using thematic pattern analysis and constant comparison methodology. Findings show that pre-service teachers knew little about the global issues prior to the activities, were interested and engaged in the activities, developed global knowledge and perspectives through participation, and held varying levels of cultural competence after participation. Wh...
Cite-Seeing Part I: The Tanbook

This column, the first of three on citing, covers the New York State Official Style Manual (the Tanbook), New York State's citation system.
Strong concordance between percent inhibition in oocyst and sporozoite intensities in a Plasmodium falciparum standard membrane-feeding assay.

Effective malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) can support malaria eradication programmes, and the standard membrane-feeding assay (SMFA) has been used as a “gold standard” assay for TBV development. However, in SMFA, the inhibitory activity is commonly measured at oocyst stage of parasites, while it is the sporozoites which transmit malaria from a mosquito to a human. A handful of studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between oocyst and sporozoite intensities. However, no study has been completed to compare inhibition levels in oocyst and sporozoite intensities in the presence of transmission-blocking (TB) antibodies. Plasmodium falciparum NF54 gametocytes were fed to Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes with or without anti-Pfs25 or anti-Pfs48/45 TB antibodies in 15 independent assays. For each group, a portion of the mosquitoes was dissected for oocyst counts (day 8 after feed), and a portion of the remaining mosquitoes was dissected for sporozoite counts (day 16). This study covered a large range of oocyst and sporozoite intensities: 0.2 to 80.5 on average for oocysts, and 141 to 77,417 for sporozoites. The sporozoite data were well explained by a zero-inflated negative binomial model, regardless of the presence or absence of TB antibodies. Inhibition levels in both oocyst and sporozoite intensities were determined within the same groups in 9 independent assays. When the level of inhibition in sporozoite number (expressed as Log Mean Ratio, LMR; average number in a control group was divided by the one in a test group, then took a log of the ratio) was plotted against LMR in oocyst number, the best-fit slope of a linear regression was not different from 1 (the best estimate, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 1.29). Furthermore, a Bland–Altman analysis showed a strong agreement between inhibitions in oocysts and in sporozoites. The results indicate that percent inhibition in oocyst intensity of a test sample can be directly converted to % inhibition in sporozoite intensity in P. falciparum SMFA. Therefore, if sporozoite intensity determines transmission rate from mosquitoes to humans, the percent inhibition in oocyst intensity measured by SMFA can be used to estimate the TBV efficacy.
Developing a personalized outcome prediction tool for knee arthroplasty.

Aims The purpose of this study was to develop a personalized outcome prediction tool, to be used with knee arthroplasty patients, that predicts outcomes (lengths of stay (LOS), 90 day readmission, ...
Other Carpometacarpal Arthrodeses

Of the carpometacarpal joints other than the thumb, the fifth metacarpal hamate joint is probably most subject to arthritic changes. This is probably because of its mobility and its border position, similar in some ways to characteristics of the thumb. The fifth metacarpal is probably not subject to the repetitive traumas of pinch and grasp that affect and amict the trapeziometacarpal joint, and it is rarely involved in rheumatoid arthritis to the point of operative intervention. More often, the problem is due to degenerative or posttraumatic changes (Figs. 46-1 A Figs. 46-1 B Fig. 46-1 C- D and 46-2 A-G). Injuries to the carpometacarpal joints of the index, middle, and ring fingers are usually due to direct trauma from crush, blast, or missile, and are much less likely to occur through repetitive trauma or from rheumatoid arthritis (Figs. 46-3 A-G). Joints can be tailored for arthrodesis by parallel saw cuts, sculpturing with a dental burr, or by slotted bone graft. Fixation may be either by plate and screws or by tension band wiring techniques.
The Greater Gulf: Essays on the Environmental History of the Gulf of St. Lawrence: edited by Claire E. Campbell, Edward MacDonald, and Brian Payne, Montreal and Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press (Rural, Wildland, and Resource Studies Series), 2020, 372 pp., CAN $34.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0-7735-5868-7

Beginning with the arrival of European fishermen in the early sixteenth century and concluding with industrialization in the early twentieth, this collection of essays situates the Gulf of St. Lawr...
‘Land Complaints’ in Bizana, c.1940–1963: Living Customary Law in an Administrative Archive

The ‘land complaints’ files of the Transkei magistrates from the mid 20th century provide an under-recognised and important source regarding living customary law in South Africa. Land complaints we...
time-frequency analysis of scalp EEG with Hilbert-Huang transform and deep learning.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a brain imaging approach that has been widely used in neuroscience and clinical settings. The conventional EEG analyses usually require pre-defined frequency bands when characterizing neural oscillations and extracting features for classifying EEG signals. However, neural responses are naturally heterogeneous by showing variations in frequency bands of brainwaves and peak frequencies of oscillatory modes across individuals. Fail to account for such variations might result in information loss and classifiers with low accuracy but high variation across individuals. To address these issues, we present a systematic time-frequency analysis approach for analyzing scalp EEG signals. In particular, we propose a data-driven method to compute the subject-specific frequency bands for brain oscillations via Hilbert-Huang Transform, lifting the restriction of using fixed frequency bands for all subjects. Then, we propose two novel metrics to quantify the power and frequency aspects of brainwaves represented by sub-signals decomposed from the EEG signals. The effectiveness of the proposed metrics are tested on two scalp EEG datasets and compared with four commonly used features sets extracted from wavelet and Hilbert-Huang Transform. The validation results show that the proposed metrics are more discriminatory than other features leading to accuracies in the range of 94.93% to 99.84%. Besides classification, the proposed metrics show great potential in quantification of neural oscillations and serving as biomarkers in the neuroscience research.
Developing a Time and Resource Allocation Plan

While the previous chapter considered mapping out your overall travel plan and itinerary, we will now consider how that plan must be customized in accordance with your travel interests and practices.
SU‐E‐J‐118: A Systematic Analysis of Rigid Image Registration Using Patient CTs and Simulated Setup Images with a Unique Gold Standard Registration

Purpose: To quantify the reliability of fully automated image registration (IR) of planning CTs with 2D MV/kV projections or kV-CBCTs in terms of its failure rate, and to investigate the influence of algorithmic and external parameters on registration quality. Methods: A gold standard registration is necessary to evaluate the failure rate. We develop a novel framework to obtain unique gold standards for MV imaging: we simulate setup images from 50 patient CTs (5 anatomic sites), using HU mapping, simple raytracing, a semi-empirical scatter model and noise addition. Comparing simulated and acquired images yields excellent agreement. We introduce translations (≤2cm) and rotations (≤2°) with respect to the planned isocenter between planning CTs and setup images according to reported setup-errors in the literature, followed by using the clinically available IR software from Varian Medical Systems (Palo Alto). Application of this simulation framework to 2D/3D kV imaging is work in progress. Results: We investigate the dependence of the registration failure rate on the field size of MV projection images (square, centered at planned isocenter, detected shift >2mm from known shift). The results suggest a minimum field size of 10×10 cm2 to achieve reasonably small failure rates (<10%). We define an optimized parameter set for 2D/3D MV IR, which outperforms the default one of the IR software with respect to the failure rate (<3%), while not significantly (<50%) increasing computation time. Conclusion: The developed framework demonstrates the possibility of systematic tests of automated IR for arbitrarily large patient datasets. To our current knowledge this is a novel strategy. We are able to define optimized default parameter sets for registration algorithms and to estimate the influence of parameters, such as imaging dose, on the quality of IR. The improvements made for MV IR in this work look promising. Similar studies for kV based IR are work in progress.
Polyphonic Music Information Retrieval Based on Multi-Label Cascade Classification System.

With the fast booming of online music repositories, there are increasing needs for content-based Automatic Indexing to help users find their favorite music objects. Melody matching based on pitch detection technology has drawn much attention and many MIR systems have been developed to fulfill this task. However music instrument recognition remains an unsolved problem in the domain. Numerous approaches to acoustic feature extraction have already been proposed. Unfortunately, none of those monophonic (one distinct instrument) timbre estimation algorithms can be successfully applied to polyphonic (multiple distinct instruments) sounds, which occur more often in the real music world. This has stimulated the research on multi-labeled instrument classification and new features development for content-based automatic music information retrieval. The original audio signals are a large volume of unstructured sequential values, which are not suitable for traditional data mining algorithms, while the higher level data representative of acoustical features are sometimes not sufficient for instrument recognition in polyphonic sounds. We propose a multi-labeled classification system to estimate multiple timbre information from the polyphonic sound according to a similarity measure based on both feature vectors and spectrum envelope. In order to achieve a higher estimation rate, we introduced the hierarchical structured classification model under the inspiration of the human perceptual process. This cascade classification system would first estimate the higher level decision attribute, which stands for the musical instrument family. Then further estimation would be done within that specific family range. This could be applied with different kind of features according to the specific characteristics of instruments in this family. Experiments showed better performance of cascade system than the flattened classifiers.
Longitudinal predictors of dieting and disordered eating among young adults in the U.S.

Objective To assess longitudinal associations between cognitive and behavioral characteristics in adolescence and dieting and eating pathology in young adulthood. Method Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the unique and cumulative effects of adolescent behavior and cognition on four weight-related health indicators in young adulthood: dieting, extreme weight loss behaviors (EWLB), binge eating, and eating disorder (ED) diagnosis (N = 14,322). Results Early dieting, depression, and body image distortion (BID) prospectively predicted dieting or EWLB at Wave 3. In addition, early depression and dieting were associated with binge eating in young adulthood, and early BID was associated with ED diagnosis. Gender differences were observed. In the prospective models, the effect of depression on the onset of EWLB was stronger for women than men; while association between early depression and ED diagnosis was significantly stronger for men than women. Findings supported a cumulative risk effect. Among women, each additional correlate was associated with greater odds of eating pathology in young adulthood; among men, each additional correlate was associated with greater odds of ever reporting ED diagnosis. Overall prevalence of dieting and eating pathology among young adults was higher among women than men and increased over time for both sexes. Discussion Early weight control behavior and cognition affect long term eating patterns and are salient for both young adult men and women. Transition to young adulthood is a critical period for assessing and preventing weight and eating-related health problems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:790–800)