cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Colorectal cancer: Hand-in-hand - colorectal cancer metastasizes with microorganisms

Increased relative abundance of Fusobacterium species contributes to the difference in intestinal bacterial composition between healthy individuals and patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). A new study now reveals that live Fusobacterium originating from primary CRC associate with liver metastasis, suggesting a potentially important function for this bacterial genus in metastatic tumour growth.
Three pathways to supervision in applied sport psychology: Challenges and strategies to deliver effective supervision in graduate programs

ABSTRACTSupervision is especially important for novice supervisees who tend to need more guidance and support. Literature about supervision in sport psychology includes a variety of method recommendations and examples of supervision cases that help a supervisor develop their supervision approach. Still, most of these cases do not discuss the daily challenges in using these approaches or strategies to overcome these challenges and deliver good-quality supervision in the context of graduate programs. The present article aims to describe three delivery methods of supervision, their contexts, challenges, strategies to overcome these challenges, and ethical considerations when using them.
Together we create value: An Netnographic study of Threadless online community

The purpose of this current study is to investigate the value co-creation process in an online community for crowdsourcing participants. Specifically, this study, through observation and analysis of one of the forums in Threadless, seeks to (a) identify discussion contents that create the social, intellectual, and cultural value in the community by applying Seraj's (2012) framework; and to (b) explore the information exchange patterns of these three types of content among the forum members. This study confirmed value creation in online communities proposed in Seraj's three-value framework (2012) and showed that the three values created in Threadless were often interrelated to each other. The interactions among the three types of value was often observed in the intellectual exchange process.
An Analysis of Texas High School Counselors’ Roles: Actual and Preferred Counseling Activities

The purpose of our investigation was to explore the differences between the actual and preferred activities of high school counselors in Texas using the School Counselor Activity Rating Scale [SCAR...
Psychosocial and Behavioral Risk Profiles of Cigarette Smokers and E-Cigarette Users Among Adolescents in Minnesota: The 2016 Minnesota Student Survey.

INTRODUCTION Understanding differences in predictors of adolescent cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use can inform public health strategies for preventing and reducing tobacco use among this population. The objective of this study was to examine the association of socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors with cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among adolescents in Minnesota. METHODS Records (n = 126,868) were used from the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey for prevalence of and factors associated with cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among students in grades 8, 9, and 11. Logistic regression models were used to estimate risk for smoking cigarettes, using e-cigarettes, or concurrent use of both for key independent variables. RESULTS American Indian students were 3.6 times as likely to report smoking cigarettes (OR = 3.57; 95% CI, 3.04-4.19), and 1.7 times as likely to report using e-cigarettes (OR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.47-2.01) as non-Hispanic white students. Bisexual students were 4 times as likely (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.01-4.82) as heterosexual students to smoke cigarettes and twice as likely (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI, 2.06-2.43) to use e-cigarettes. Students receiving free/reduced lunch were nearly twice as likely (AOR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.80-2.05) to smoke cigarettes and 1.3 times as likely (AOR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.27-1.39) to use e-cigarettes. Increasing alcohol use and decreasing academic performance were associated with increasing likelihood of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use, more so with cigarette smoking. CONCLUSION Results expand on existing research that show differences in psychosocial and behavioral risk factors between adolescent cigarette smokers and adolescent e-cigarette users.
Chapter 3 – RNA Isolation Strategies

Efficient methodologies have been empirically derived to accommodate the expedient isolation of RNA, techniques that should be scrutinized and refined continuously. Extraction tactics must be formulated to include sufficient management of RNase activity from all sources. Failure to scrupulously observe procedures for eliminating potential sources of RNase contamination will almost always yield a useless sample of degraded RNA. Due to their naturally short half-life, experiments involving RNA are most judiciously planned around the availability of cell cultures or tissue samples and the actual date of RNA isolation. The seemingly endless list of permutations on a few fundamental RNA extraction techniques exist; as far as which RNA extraction procedure to use, the investigator should always think two steps ahead and ask, “What is to be done with this RNA after it has been purified?” before picking up the micropipettors. RNA isolated from the nucleus or cytoplasm by direct cell lysis is known as steady-state RNA; it represents the final accumulation of the RNA in the cell or a subcellular compartment. Numerous protocols for the analysis of steady-state transcripts are presented in this chapter, while protocols for the analysis of nuclear RNA, including transcription rate assays, are presented in Chapter 19, Analysis of Nuclear RNA.
The global afterlife: Sino-French literature and the politics of translation:

Following the critical acclaim of Sino-French literature in recent years, an increasing number of Chinese presses have solicited translations of prize-winning novels written in French by authors of...
Ribosomal protein RACK1 facilitates efficient translation of poliovirus and other viral IRESs

Abstract Viruses have evolved various strategies to ensure efficient translation using host cell ribosomes and translation factors. In addition to cleaving translation initiation factors required for host cell translation, poliovirus (PV) uses an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) to bypass the need for these translation initiation factors. Recent studies also suggest that viruses have evolved to exploit specific ribosomal proteins to enhance translation of their viral proteins. The ribosomal protein receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1), a protein of the 40S ribosomal subunit, was previously shown to mediate translation of the 5′ cricket paralysis virus and hepatitis C virus IRESs. Here we found that while translation of a PV dual-luciferase reporter shows only a moderate dependence on RACK1, PV translation in the context of a viral infection is drastically reduced. We observed significantly reduced poliovirus plaque size and a delayed host cell translational shut-off suggesting that loss of RACK1 increases the length of the virus life cycle. Our findings further illustrate the involvement of the cellular translational machinery in PV infection and how viruses usurp the function of specific ribosomal proteins.
Hubungan antara Insomnia dengan Kualitas Hidup Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya Jakarta

Latar Belakang : Insomnia masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang mendunia. Insomnia didefinisikan sebagai kesulitan tidur yang berhubungan dengan onset tidur, kemampuan mempertahankan tidur, durasi, dan kualitas tidur. Insomnia dapat menyebabkan disfungsi aktivitas di siang hari, yang dapat berdampak buruk pada kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya hubungan antara insomnia dengan kualitas hidup pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya Jakarta. Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada 107 mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya Jakarta yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen penelitian Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) untuk menilai tingkat insomnia, dan kuesioner World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) untuk menilai kualitas hidup. Hasil : Dari data yang dikumpulkan, ditemukan sebanyak 65 responden (60,75%) memiliki insomnia. Gambaran kualitas hidup buruk didapatkan pada responden dengan insomnia yaitu sebanyak (49,2%) pada domain fisik, sebanyak (63,1%) pada domain psikologis, sebanyak (63,1%) pada domain hubungan sosial, dan sebanyak (43,1%) pada domain lingkungan. Hasil p yang didapat dari analisa adalah 0,000 untuk domain fisik, 0,000 untuk domain psikologis, 0,022 untuk domain hubungan sosial, dan 0,010 untuk domain lingkungan. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara insomnia dengan kualitas hidup pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya Jakarta.
FD-MIMO via Pilot-Data Superposition: Tensor-Based DOA Estimation and System Performance

Increased pilot overhead is one of the major issues for 5G full-dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO) systems. In this paper, we introduce the FD-MIMO system using pilot-data superposition to reduce the uplink pilot overhead and investigate the impact of superimposed pilots on the overall network performance. The pilot-data superposition can relatively increase the resources allocated to the uplink data transmission. However, in time division duplex (TDD) systems, it also negatively impacts the downlink throughput since the relatively reduced pilot power can affect the estimation of the channel state information (CSI) which is used for the downlink precoding. To improve the CSI estimation, the intrinsic tensor feature of the FD-MIMO channel is exploited in our method. The introduced CSI estimation algorithm is designed through the expectation-maximization (EM) framework via tensor as the processing data structure. Furthermore, Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is utilized as a metric in our evaluation. The overall system achievable rate which is a weighted sum of the uplink and downlink throughput is investigated to reveal the fundamental trade-off between the uplink and downlink transmission in the TDD-based FD-MIMO system. In our simulation, the results demonstrate the superior performance of the introduced strategy as opposed to the conventional orthogonal pilot-data approach. Meanwhile, the pilot power allocation, as well as different transmitting and receiving strategies are investigated to offer various trade-off points between the uplink and downlink transmission.
Playing to One’s Passion: A Legal Research Course to Which Law Students Resonate

The first year of law school is often chocked full of new experiences. Students can become overwhelmed in the face of so much change that they forget why they chose law school as a career path. They often lose sight of their end goal and need a touchstone to ground them back to their initial interests. Legal Research is the ideal first year class to connect needed legal skills with interesting topics to encourage students’ engagement in their present and future learning. Legal Research naturally utilizes the “learning by doing” mentality but I suggest expanding this approach by providing a subject context to the class and incorporating contextualized learning and active learning techniques to improve student engagement and student learning. This article discusses the transformation of a generic, required, first year legal research course to one that divides into four small (18-20 student) classes, each with one of four topics; patent, trademark and copyright, traditional practice and social justice. In addition, it envisions future innovations to improve student engagement and student learning.
Spikey: Self-Lensing Flares from Eccentric SMBH Binaries

We examine the light curves of two quasars, motivated by recent suggestions that a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) can exhibit sharp lensing spikes. We model the variability of each light curve as due to a combination of two relativistic effects: the orbital relativistic Doppler boost and gravitational binary self-lensing. In order to model each system, we extend previous Doppler plus self-lensing models to include eccentricity. The first quasar is identified in optical data as a binary candidate with a 20-yr period (Ark 120), and shows a prominent spike. For this source, we rule out the lensing hypothesis and disfavour the Doppler-boost hypothesis due to discrepancies in the measured versus recovered values of the binary mass and optical spectral slope. The second source, which we nickname Spikey, is the rare case of an active galactic nucleus identified in Kepler’s high-quality, high-cadence photometric data. For this source, we find a model, consisting of a combination of Doppler modulation and a narrow symmetric lensing spike, consistent with an eccentric SMBHB with a mass of M_(tot) =3 × 10⁷ M_⊙⁠, rest-frame orbital period T = 418 d, eccentricity e = 0.5, and seen at an inclination of 8○ from edge-on. This interpretation can be tested by monitoring Spikey for periodic behaviour and recurring flares in the next few years. In preparation for such monitoring, we present the first X-ray observations of this object taken by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory.
An association between mitochondria and microglia effector function. What do we think we know

While resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, the microglia, represent a cell population unique in origin, microenvironment, and longevity, they assume many properties displayed by peripheral macrophages. One prominent shared property is the ability to undergo a metabolic switch towards glycolysis and away from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) upon activation by the pro-inflammatory stimuli lipopolysaccharide. This shift serves to meet specific cellular demands and allows for cell survival, similar to the Warburg effect demonstrated in cancer cells. In contrast, normal survelliance phenotype or stimulation to a non-proinflammatory phenotype relies primarily on OXPHOS and fatty acid oxidation. Thus, mitochondria appear to function as a pivotal signaling platform linking energy metabolism and macrophage polarization upon activation. These unique shifts in cell bioenergetics in response to different stimuli are essential for proper effector responses at sites of infection, inflammation, or injury. Here we present a summary of recent developments as to how these dynamics characterized in peripheral macrophages are displayed in microglia. The new insights provided by an increased understanding of metabolic reprogramming in macrophages may allow for translation to the CNS and a better understanding of microglia heterogeneity, regulation, and function.
Stable coronary artery disease: Intervene or not?

When the International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) trial[1][1]–[3][2] was presented at the American Heart Association meeting in November, 2019, it generated multiple headlines in major news sources. CNN covered the story by saying, “
Characterizing the Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Responses to Perkinsus marinus Infection in the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica

Eastern oyster populations in the northern Gulf of Mexico are routinely infected with the protistan parasite Perkinsus marinus, the cause of the disease commonly known as dermo. Recent experimental challenges among Atlantic coast populations have identified both resistant and susceptible genotypes using comparative transcriptomics. While controlled experimental challenges are essential first assessments, expanding this analysis to field reared individuals provides an opportunity to identify key genomic signatures of infection that appear both in the laboratory and in the field. In this study we combined reduced representation bisulfite sequencing with 3’ RNA sequencing (Tag-seq) to describe two molecular phenotypes associated with infection in oysters outplanted at a common garden field site. These combined approaches allowed us to examine changes in DNA methylation and gene expression for a large number of individuals (n=40) that developed infections during the course of a common garden outplant experiment. Our epigenetic analysis of DNA methylation identified significant changes in gene body methylation associated with increasing infection intensity, across genes associated with immune responses. There was a smaller transcriptomic response to increasing infection intensities with 32 genes showing differential expression, and 40 % of these genes were found to also be differentially methylated. While there was no clear pattern between direction of differential methylation and gene expression, there was a significant effect of percent methylation on gene-by-gene expression levels and the coefficient of variation in gene body methylation between treatments. These results show that heavily methylated genes have high levels of gene expression with low levels of variation. Comparing our differential expression results with previously published experimental P. marinus challenges identified overlapping expression patterns for genes associated with C1q-domain-containing and V-type proton ATPase proteins. Through our comparative transcriptomic approach using field reared individuals and co-expression network analysis we have also been able to identify a network of genes that change in expression in response to infection. These combined analyses provide evidence for a conserved response to P. marinus infections and suggest that gene body DNA methylation is a better predictor of gene expression variation than it is of the overall magnitude of gene expression.
Is it sufficient to treat adult lumbar spinal deformity using anterior lumbar interbody fusion with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation

Abstract Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) has been performed for lumbar spinal restoration and stabilization without extensive paraspinal muscle damage or massive bleeding. The authors retrospectively investigated surgical results of multilevel ALIF followed by percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) in adult lumbar spinal deformity (ALSD). This study included 28 patients with degenerative lumbar spinal deformity, who underwent selective multilevel ALIF and PPSF between January 2013 and August 2016 at our hospital. Standing X-rays were performed and coronal Cobb angle (CCA) of scoliosis, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS) were measured. Pain and functional assessment were performed using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for low back pain and leg pain, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores. CCA, SVA and LL were significantly improved immediately after surgery and relatively well maintained until the last follow-up. After surgery, PT was significantly decreased and SS was increased, respectively. However, cases with SVA > 95 mm or PT > 30° showed a loss of correction in sagittal balance parameters to a greater extent at the last follow-up compared to the group of patients with minor sagittal imbalance. VAS scores for back and radicular pain, and ODI score were significantly decreased at the final follow-up (p 95 mm or PT > 30˚.
Genetic evaluation of the brown fibre phenotype for Gossypium arboreum accession PI 615733

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a major source of fibre for the textile industry and naturally coloured cotton fibre does not require the use of synthetic dyes making it an eco‐friendly option for textile production. Coloured cotton cultivars are however associated with lower fibre yields and reduced lint quality. A greater understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying fibre colouration will aid in the development of improved cultivars. The brown‐fibred Gossypium arboreum L. accession PI 615733 was identified from the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection and crossed with three white‐fibred accessions PI 529712, PI 529729 and PI 615740 to develop F₂ populations for genetic evaluation. Population data indicated a single dominant gene conferred the brown fibre phenotype. Variation in the intensity of fibre colouration was observed within populations. These data failed to support an incomplete dominance model suggesting genetic modifiers may also play a role in fibre colouration. Additionally, chimeras were frequently observed in the PI 615733 × PI 615740 population. These data will be useful to further characterize the brown fibre trait.
Predicting Adaptations to Resistance Training Plus Overfeeding Using Bayesian Regression: A Preliminary Investigation.

Relatively few investigations have reported purposeful overfeeding in resistance-trained adults. This preliminary study examined potential predictors of resistance training (RT) adaptations during a period of purposeful overfeeding and RT. Resistance-trained males (n = 28; n = 21 completers) were assigned to 6 weeks of supervised RT and daily consumption of a high-calorie protein/carbohydrate supplement with a target body mass (BM) gain of ≥0.45 kg·wk−1. At baseline and post-intervention, body composition was evaluated via 4-component (4C) model and ultrasonography. Additional assessments of resting metabolism and muscular performance were performed. Accelerometry and automated dietary interviews estimated physical activity levels and nutrient intake before and during the intervention. Bayesian regression methods were employed to examine potential predictors of changes in body composition, muscular performance, and metabolism. A simplified regression model with only rate of BM gain as a predictor was also developed. Increases in 4C whole-body fat-free mass (FFM; (mean ± SD) 4.8 ± 2.6%), muscle thickness (4.5 ± 5.9% for elbow flexors; 7.4 ± 8.4% for knee extensors), and muscular performance were observed in nearly all individuals. However, changes in outcome variables could generally not be predicted with precision. Bayes R2 values for the models ranged from 0.18 to 0.40, and other metrics also indicated relatively poor predictive performance. On average, a BM gain of ~0.55%/week corresponded with a body composition score ((∆FFM/∆BM)*100) of 100, indicative of all BM gained as FFM. However, meaningful variability around this estimate was observed. This study offers insight regarding the complex interactions between the RT stimulus, overfeeding, and putative predictors of RT adaptations.
Unintended Consequences of Water Policy and Law

The water cycle including its oceans, surface water, wetlands, water vapor, clouds and groundwater has resulted in a patchwork of statutes and regulations that fail to address true protection of water resources. This is not a simple "fix" and requires Congressional positivism rather than decades of relying on the judicial branch to resolve statutes that are ultimately not designed for true water protection. The unintended consequences of this choice of policy resolution has had profound negative effects on water resources and it is increasingly urgent to address this complex problem and avert a water resources disaster.
The somatic mutation landscape of germline CHEK2-altered prostate cancer.

5084Background: The intersection between germline and somatic genomics is an evolving field in which germline mutations may predispose to unique patterns of subsequent somatic mutations in cancer. ...
Mitigating Dam Conflicts in the Mekong River Basin

The Mekong/Lancang River Basin is undergoing a period of rapid hydropower development, with plans to construct over 100 dams in the next several decades. These dams may alter the river’s natural flow and sediment regimes, which could significantly degrade the exceptional biodiversity and productivity of the basin’s ecosystems. Sediment that is trapped in reservoirs will be unavailable to support the basin’s geomorphology and habitats, and by reducing reservoir water storage capacity may decrease hydropower output and reliability. This paper illustrates how alternative dam location, design and operation may have the potential to reduce reservoir sediment trapping. This paper describes the simulation model used to identify alternative siting, design and operating options for two planned dams in Cambodia: Sambor on the Mekong River and Lower Se San 2 on a tributary of the River. Lower Se San 2 Dam is particularly important with respect to biodiversity and ecological productivity. Sambor Dam could prevent significant quantities of sediment from reaching Tonle Sap Lake and the Vietnam Delta, two critically important features of the river basin. Results from daily simulations of water and sediment flows show the extent to which sediment management practices could reduce the adverse impacts of reservoir sediment trapping if conducted in an environmentally friendly manner, as well as the loss in hydropower production resulting from those practices.
SOME CURRENT CONCEPTS OF RED CELL METABOLISM. I. METABOLIC PROCESSES IN THE RED CELL.

Abstract The erythrocyte has now been shown to utilize energy derived largely from glycolysis to maintain its structural integrity and thus to fulfill its role as a carrier of hemoglobin bound oxygen. The enzyme systems involved in these and other metabolic activities and deficiencies of these enzymes in disease states affecting the erythrocyte are discussed.
On-Road Braking and Cornering Performance of Various Off-Road Tire Patterns

Abstract : Ten sets of tires with nine different off-road tread patterns were tested on a paved surface using a towed, instrumented trailer to measure their cornering characteristics (wet and dry) and their braking performance (wet, full skid). The data obtained and a method for rank ordering is presented.
Leadership From Within Secondary Mathematics Classrooms: Vignettes Along a Teacher-Leader Continuum

The purpose of this article is to present five examples of teacher leadership from within secondary mathematics classrooms. These vignettes come from a larger study that resulted in a teacher leader continuum. This article offers classroom teacher examples that highlight each of five positions along that continuum. The argument is made that a wide array of secondary mathematics teacher leaders are needed to improve the teaching and learning of mathematics for all students.
Ceramic Hydroxylapatite as a Plaque Growth and Drug Screening Substrate

A new polycrystalline form of hydroxylapatite, CHA, has been shown to closely mimic dental enamel, in vitro, in regard to rate and degree of plaque formation and effectiveness of antiplaque drugs. The material has successfully been exploited as a standardized hydroxylapatite plaque growth substrate in conjuntion with a mass antidental plaque drug screening program.
Technology and Development in Latin America: Urgent Challenges for the 21st Century

AbstractCapitalist globalization has accelerated technological development but the result has been to intensify global inequalities and reproduce the structures of underdevelopment in entire world regions. In Latin America, the era of Keynesian developmentalism sought to overcome foreign domination that prevailed in modernization-style development regimes. Advances made in that era were halted and later reversed through the imposition of neoliberalism throughout the region. Neoliberal development increased developing country dependency upon foreign technologies and reproduces the structures of underdevelopment. Anti-neoliberal alternatives are possible even under conditions of severe economic crisis as illustrated by the Cuban socialist model. Other countries will likewise need to pursue more endogenously oriented technology policies if they are to overcome the crippling impact of the neoliberal period.
Solution of nonlinear Poisson-type equations

We consider approximate and truncated Newton methods for solving nonlinear Poisson-type systems of equations with emphasis on vector computers. We have selected two model differential equations for our analysis. The first, after finite difference discretization, yields a nonlinear system with a symmetric positive definite Jacobian matrix, while the second yields a nonsymmetric Jacobian matrix which is not, in general, positive definite. In the case of a symmetric positive definite Jacobian matrix, the linearized Newton systems are solved by (preconditioned) conjugate gradient methods. In particular, we consider incomplete Cholesky factorization in conjunction with the red-black ordering scheme and symmetric diagonal scaling as preconditioners. In the case of a nonsymmetric Jacobian matrix, we construct symmetric positive definite approximations and analyze the effect of these approximations. We develop, and present theory for, a truncated approximate Newton method. This method uses an approximate Jacobian matrix in addition to truncation in the solution of the Newton system. Convergence properties and work reduction of this new method have been found to be very competitive.
Perceived motivational climate's influence on goal orientations, perceived competence, and practice strategies across the athletic season.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of middle school student-athletes’ goal orientations, practice strategies, and perceived competence over time as a function of their perceptions of the motivational climate. One hundred twenty-four student-athletes completed a series of surveys three times over the course of their athletic seasons related to goal orientations, practice strategies, perceived athletic competence, and perceived motivational climate. Results indicated that when the perceived motivational climate was incompatible with their goal orientation, there was a significant shift in student-athletes’ goal orientation over time. Findings also indicated that perceptions of a task-involving climate positively predicted perceived competence and practice strategies at the end of the season after controlling for preseason values. These findings provide further evidence for the importance of developing a task-involving climate in the sport setting.
Utilizing artistry in a therapeutic relationship

Abstract In many humanistic approaches, therapeutic change involves utilizing the relationship between the client and therapist as a tool for personal growth. Like any relationship, the therapeutic relationship is one that is co‐created between those engaged in it, namely, the client and the therapist. Utilizing this co‐created relationship requires a sense of artistry on the part of the therapist. A therapist must be willing to engage in this meaningful relationship with the client. A therapist must also be aware of the personal values that he or she brings into therapy, and how they influence the therapeutic relationship. Finally, a therapist must acknowledge the power that the therapist and the client possess in the relationship, and understand how that power can be used to validate and invalidate the therapist's and the client's personal meanings. These aspects of therapeutic artistry are discussed and the use of therapeutic artistry in Eron and Lund's (1996) narrative solutions approach is presented.
Flavonoid methyl ethers on the external leaf surface of Larrea tridentata and L. Divaricata

Abstract The external phenolic resin on the leaves of Larrea tridentata contains eighteen flavone and flavonol aglycones (mostly as methyl ethers), one dihydroflavonol and two lignans (including nordihydroguaiaretic acid). Except for a few isolated 2 n populations which exhibited minor differences, a single chemical type was observed for all three ploidy levels (2 n , 4 n and 6 n ) in the North American L. tridentata suggesting an autoploid origin for the tetraploid and hexaploid races. The resin chemistry of the North American taxon was most similar to that of the Argentinian diploid L. divaricata , although the resin of the latter taxon did not contain the three 8-hydroxyflavonols; however, 8-hydroxyflavonol aglycones were detected in Peruvian populations of L. divaricata .
Energy resolution in a high-pressure gas scintillation proportional chamber

A high‐pressure gas scintillation proportional chamber has been designed and constructed to image x and gamma rays for medical applications. The chamber contains 4 atm of pure xenon. Ultraviolet light emitted from excited xenon atoms within the detector is collected by a hexagonal array of seven UV‐sensitive photomultiplier tubes, which in turn are separated from the pressurized gas by 1‐cm‐thick fused‐silica windows. A model was used to predict the energy resolution of the device as a function of fill‐gas pressure, voltage within the detector, and light‐collection efficiency. The energy resolution improved with increasing scintillation region voltage from 17% full width at half maximum (FWHM) at 1.9 kV to 10% FWHM at 3.0 kV for 59.5‐keV photons; once above 1.5 kV, there was no improvement with increasing drift voltage. The addition of the signals from the peripheral phototubes to that of the center phototube did not substantially improve the energy resolution of the device. This was because the noise that was present yielded a high correlation between the phototubes; when this noise was incorporated into the model, the energy resolution of the multiphototube system was accurately estimated. The energy resolution of the gas scintillation proportional chamber was found to be superior to the sodium iodide Anger camera at 59.5 keV by a factor of 2. Further improvement can be obtained by increasing the scintillation region voltage and by increasing the light‐collection efficiency by moving the scintillation region closer to the phototubes.
Abstract LB-425: An NF-κB pathway mediated positive feedback loop amplifies Ras activity to pathological levels in mice

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Elevated Ras activity is critical for Ras induced tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms that lead to pathological levels of Ras activity are unclear. Here, we found that stimulation of Ras signaling by typical inflammatory stimuli was transient and had no long term sequelae in wild-type mice. In contrast, these stimuli generated prolonged Ras signaling and led to chronic inflammation and precancerous lesions (PanINs) in mice expressing endogenous levels of oncogenic K-Ras. The effects of inflammatory stimuli on oncogenic Ras expressing mice were disrupted by deleting IKK2 or inhibiting Cox-2. Likewise, the expression of active IKK2 or Cox-2, or treatments with LPS generated chronic inflammation and PanINs only in mice expressing oncogenic Ras. The data support that in the presence of oncogenic Ras, inflammatory stimuli trigger an NF-κB mediated positive feedback mechanism involving Cox-2 that amplifies Ras activity to pathological levels. Because a large portion of the adult human population possesses Ras mutations in tissues including colon, pancreas, and lung, disruption of this positive feedback loop may be an important strategy for cancer prevention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-425. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-425
Synthesis and biological activity of [L-3,4-dehydroproline3]-tuftsin.

Abstract A 3,4-dehydroproline analogue of tuftsin (L-Thr-L-Lys-L-Pro-L-Arg) was prepared by the solid phase synthetic method. Following reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification, the analogue was compared to tuftsin for its ability to enhance the chemotactic, bactericidal and phagocytic activities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Both tuftsin and [ Δ 3 -pro 3 ]-tuftsin elicited a similar significant chemotactic effect at a concentration of 10 μg/ml. A slight suppression of the chemotactic activity was observed with tuftsin at 10 −3 μg/ml and with [ Δ 3 -pro 3 ]-tuftsin at concentrations of 10 −3 , 10 −2 (significant) and 10 −1 μg/ml. Although similar bactericidal activities were observed for both peptides, PMN exposed to [ Δ 3 -pro 3 ]-tuftsin exhibited increased phagocytic indicies 2–4 times that of tuftsin-treated PMN at concentrations of 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0 μg/ml.
Proton radiotherapy for orbital rhabdomyosarcoma: clinical outcome and a dosimetric comparison with photons.

Background: Over 85% of pediatric orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are cured with combined chemotherapy and radiation. However, the late effects of photon radiation compromise function and cosmetic outcome. Proton radiation can provide excellent tumor dose distributions while sparing normal tissues better than photon irradiation. Methods and Materials: Conformal 3D photon and proton radiotherapy plans were generated for children treated with proton irradiation for orbital RMS at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dose–volume histograms (90%, 50%, 10%) were generated and compared for important orbital and central nervous system structures. Average percentages of total dose prescribed were calculated based on the 3 dose–volume histogram levels for normal orbital structures for both the proton and photon plans. The percent of normal tissue spared by using protons was calculated. Results: Seven children were treated for orbital rhabdomyosarcoma with proton irradiation and standard chemotherapy. The median follow-up is 6.3 years (range, 3.5–9.7 years). Local and distant controls compare favorably to those in other published accounts. There was an advantage in limiting the dose to the brain, pituitary, hypothalamus, temporal lobes, and ipsilateral and contralateral orbital structures. Tumor size and location affect the degree of sparing of normal structures. Conclusions: Fractionated proton radiotherapy is superior to 3D conformal photon radiation in the treatment of orbital RMS. Proton therapy maintains excellent tumor coverage while reducing the radiation dose to adjacent normal structures. Proton radiation therapy minimizes long-term side effects.
Resolution and fractionation in gel permeation chromatography

Formulas are developed for describing resolution in gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in polymer analysis. Simple caluclations permit easy determination of the effect of variables on the resolution. Through the use of two characterized polymer samples the specific resolution Rs can be calculated. From the specific resolution the percent of fractionation between any two or more populations can be predicted or, conversely, a GPC curve can be analyzed for the component molecular weights and molecular weight distributions MWD and then the per cent fractionation between the components calculated. This is especially useful in preparatory scale separations and purifications. The principle of the constancy of width divided by polydispersity, W/d is developed and used to demonstrate a very simple method of determining the polydispersity of a sample.
Evidence for the spontaneous formation of disulfide crosslinked aggregates of tubulin during nondenaturing electrophoresis

Abstract Phosphocellulose-purified tubulin has been shown to form a characteristic “ladder” of nonmicrotubular aggregates during nondenaturing gel electrophoresis ( J. J. Correia and R. C. Williams, Jr. (1985) Arch. Biochem. Biophys.239, 120–129 ). In this paper we describe evidence that the intersubunit bonds responsible for formation of these oligomeric particles are disulfides. Two-dimensional nondenaturing-denaturing gel electrophoresis demonstrates that each aggregate zone is composed of α- and β-subunits of tubulin. Omission of β-mercaptoethanol during the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-electrophoresis step causes a pattern of aggregates to appear and implicates disulfide linkages in their stabilization. Molecular weights, estimated from mobilities in the second (SDS) dimension of two-dimensional gels, suggest that the aggregates are crosslinked in units of monomers, not heterodimers. Consistent with this conclusion, α- or β-subunits alone (isolated by isoelectric focusing) will form the same ladder of aggregates. The disulfide crosslinking of tubulin is also achievable in solution. It is favored by high concentrations of alcohol, the presence of oxidizing agents, high pH, and high temperature, conditions that denature tubulin and cause rapid noncovalent aggregation or precipitation. When aggregate formation was monitored as a function of time by SDS-gel electrophoresis in the absence of β-mercaptoethanol and by quantitative sulfhydryl and disulfide titrations, the most effective conditions for the crosslinking reaction included >75% alcohol, excess H2O2, or excess iodine. These results suggest that proximity of a hydrophobic gel matrix, high pH, the presence of oxidizing agents, high protein concentration, tubulin's propensity to aggregate nonspecifically, and the availability of as many as 20 sulfhydryls in αβ-tubulin contribute, during nondenaturing gel electrophoresis, to the spontaneous formation of disulfide-crosslinked tubulin aggregates.
FREE-INDUCTION DECAYS IN SOLIDS

A beat structure has been found on free-induction decays associated with the pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance of nuclei in rigid lattices. A general quantum-mechanical theory is developed for the shapes of induction decays. The theory is specialized to the case of rigid solids and applied to the magnetic dipolar interactions among the ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ nuclei in a fluorite (Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$) crystal. It is also shown rigorously that, except at very low temperatures, a free-induction decay is the Fourier transform of the corresponding steady-state resonance line shape. The calculation of the shape of an induction decay in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ thus corresponds to the calculation of the shape of the ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ resonance line for the crystal. It is demonstrated that the resonance line shape for an ordered rigid lattice is not Gaussian.
Representation of the cornea in the brain stem of the rat.

Abstract Single units in the rat's brain stem that responded to tactile stimulation of the cornea were found mainly in a region on the ventromedial border of the trigeminal nuclei. This region included adjacent parts of the reticular formation and extended from the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus to caudal portions of nucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal complex. One class of units responded to light punctate stimuli and small electric currents; a second class had higher thresholds for both kinds of stimulation. The former units generally had shorter response latencies and larger corneal receptive fields than the latter units, although distributions for the two kinds of units overlapped appreciably for both properties. High-threshold and low-threshold units were found at all rostrocaudal levels and were not distributed differentially in the trigeminal nuclei or in the reticular formation. Units in a third class were scattered in more medial parts of the reticular formation. They tended to have longer response latencies than trigeminal border units, but similar response thresholds. Many units, including those with high thresholds, were very senstive to moving stimuli, including movements of the eyelids. Very few units responded to thermal stimulation of the cornea.
A New 40-nm FPGA and ASIC Common Platform

Altera's Stratix IV FPGAs and Hardcopy IV ASICs provide a 40-nm common platform that offers several innovative architectural improvements, including adaptive body bias and flexible 10-Gbps transceivers. The resulting combination of high density, high performance, low power, and lower cost allows new and more complex systems previously unattainable with FPGA-based designs.
Volume regulation in rat lenses in media with varying concentrations of potassium and sodium

The concentrations of sodium and potassium, the distribution of 36Cl, the content of water and the 86Rb influx were determined in four sets of rat lenses in 185, 245, 305 and 365 mosmol media. In each set, the potassium content was varied by substituting potassium for sodium in modified TC-199 media. The lenses were incubated in the media for 24 hr in order to approximate steady-state conditions. The results in the low potassium range (< 21 mm K) are quite different from those in the high potassium range (21–125 mm K). In the high potassium range the lens volume is dependent on the concentration of sodium in the medium and the content of potassium is controlled by the concentration of potassium in the medium. There is no volume regulation in this range and the distribution of potassium approximates levels expected in a Donnan equilibrium. In the low potassium range, the content of electrolyte in the lens is at a higher level than would be expected from an extrapolation of the observations in the high potassium range. The equilibrium constant (EK) for potassium exceeds the estimated membrane potential (PD) so that an active process is probably responsible for the elevation of potassium content in the low potassium range. The Na+-, K+-pump is stimulated by potassium and by sodium in the medium. It is postulated that volume regulation in anisotonic media is the result of the gain or loss of solute as the lens changes from one steady-state to another with the concentration of sodium chloride in the medium acting as a trigger and determining the extent of the effect.
Studies on hormonal induction of alkaline phosphatase in HeLa cell cultures. Kinetic, thermodynamic and electrophoretic properties of induced and base-level enzymes.

As previously described the “induction” of a 5- to 20-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.1) activity by hydrocortisone in HeLa 65 cell cultures requires both RNA and protein synthesis; however, immunological methods clearly show that the amount of enzyme protein is not increased. The present study compares the catalytic properties of the base-level and induced alkaline phosphatases. Km values for these enzymes are similar, however, the maximal velocity (V) of induced alkaline phosphatase (27 nmoles/min) is considerably higher than that of base level (1.3 nmoles/min). The first-order rate constant (k3) for decomposition of enzyme substrate (ES) complex to products, of induced alkaline phosphatase is 7- to 17-fold higher than that of base-level alkaline phosphatase. Enzyme kinetics are similar with both phenylphosphate and p-nitrophenyl-phosphate as substrates. Hormone-induced alkaline phosphatase in HeLa 65 cells possesses higher catalytic activity presumably because it can bind with phosphomonoesters to produce a more rapid decomposition of the ES complex. HeLa cell alkaline phosphatase is similar to the placental enzyme with respect to inhibition by L-tryptophan and L-phenylalanine. Inhibition of both base-level and induced HeLa alkaline phosphatase by these L-amino acids is stereospecific, uncompetitive and homosteric. The inhibitor constants (Ki) for these L-amino acids increases with increasing temperature. Values for change of enthalpy (ΔH), free energy (ΔF), and entropy (ΔS) for binding of L-tryptophan to base-level and induced HeLa alkaline phosphatase are similar and both enzymes resemble the placental alkaline phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase prepared from HeLa 65 cells grown in the presence and absence of hydrocortisone exhibits three isozymes as detected by electrophoretic mobility on starch gel. The isozymes are molecular weight variants that can be separated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. A HeLa 71 cell with high constitutive levels of alkaline phosphatase possesses five isozymes on electrophoresis. Multiple molecular forms of base-level and induced alkaline phosphatase are similar and closely resemble those of human placental enzyme.