cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Components Should Be Evaluated in a Psychiatry Residency

In this pilot study, the authors examined faculty responses to a proposed new evaluation form for residents. Because past research on priorities for psychiatric residency curricula have depended on direct surveys, previous findings may represent auricular ideals instead of what faculty actually evaluate. The goal of the study was to draw inferences about priorities in psychiatric education by studying what components (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) of a psychiatry residency that faculty are willing to spend their time evaluating. The responses were grouped by agreement about whether the item 1) could be evaluated on their site, 2) could be evaluated during psychotherapy supervision, 3) should be combined with other items, and 4) should be eliminated. The results showed much agreement about which items to include and little agreement about which ones to exclude. Fundamental psychiatric skills and attitudes were rated as most important, and there was widespread interest in a diversity of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that psychiatric residents should possess. The authors found this method, which could be easily applied to other programs, useful in setting auricular priorities.
Schistosoma mattheei in the ox: Distribution of the parasite in the host

Abstract Nineteen Friesian steers infested with between 5 000 and 45 000 cercariae of Schistosoma mattheei were slaughtered at intervals between 7 and 107 weeks post-infestation. The distribution of parasites was assessed directly after their recovery from blood vessels and indirectly from the distribution of their eggs. The predilection sites were the small intestine and proximal large intestine. During the period of acute clinical illness 8–9 weeks after infestation there appeared to be a relative shift of parasites to the distal large intestine. Commencing at about 18 weeks post-infestation there was a partial shift from the intestine to the stomachs and bladder. During the later stages of infestation there was a relative increase in egg deposition in the liver which was not associated with a shift of parasites.
A rapid method for the preparation of [125I]α-bungarotoxin

Abstract Electrofocusing followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-50 proved to be a fast method for the purification of the neurotoxin, α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT) from the venom of the krait ( Bungarus multicinctus ). The purity of the isolated α-BGT was checked by electrofocusing and ion-exchange chromatography. Blockade of the binding of [ 3 H]ACh to the acetylcholine receptor in a membrane preparation of Torpedo electroplax was a convenient biochemical assay to identify the α-neurotoxin polypeptide. Iodination, accomplished by lactoperoxidase attached to Sepharose 4B, was simple and rapid, with a 60% recovery of [ 125 I]α-BGT. Biological activity of the α-BGT was determined by its toxicity to mice as well as by autoradiography of [ 125 I]α-BGT which proved its localization in the endplates of the mouse diaphragms.
Meiosis and Nuclear Behavior in Tetrahymena pyriformis

SUMMARY. Chromosome behavior of strains WH-6, and WH-14 mating types I and II respectively of variety 1, of T. pyriformis was studied during conjugation. Meiosis takes place during the first two prezygotic divisions. The chromosomes are at late pachytene-early diplotene during the maximum elongation of the crescent in prophase of the first micronuclear division. As the crescent shortens, five bivalent chromosomes are readily recognized. Five dyads go to each pole at the end of the first division. Following a brief interphase the second meiotic division results in four micronuclear products, each with five chromosomes. Three of these products disintegrate; the fourth undergoes mitosis resulting in two pronuclei each with five chromosomes. Following a reciprocal interchange of the migratory pronuclei between the two conjugants, the synkaryon of each is formed just anterior to the macronucleus. The diploid number of ten chromosomes has been counted at the first division of the synkaryon.
Abolish the Antidumping Laws

Antidumping laws protect consumers from low prices. Since the creation of the WTO and the declining importance of tariffs and quotas, antidumping laws have become the protectionist tool of choice for an increasing number of countries. Domestic producers use them to prevent foreigners from selling their products to willing consumers. There is no way to reform antidumping laws because they are structurally deficient. They must be abolished, the sooner the better.
Preschool Children's Observed Disruptive Behavior: Variations across Sex, Interactional Context, and Disruptive Psychopathology.

Sex differences in disruptive behavior and sensitivity to social context are documented, but the intersection between them is rarely examined empirically. This report focuses on sex differences in observed disruptive behavior across interactional contexts and diagnostic status. Preschoolers (n = 327) were classified as nondisruptive (51%), clinically at risk (26%), and disruptive (23%) using parent and teacher reports on developmentally validated measures of disruptive behavior and impairment. Observed disruptive behavior was measured with the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule, a developmentally sensitive observational paradigm characterizing variation in preschoolers' disruptive behavior across two interactional contexts (parent and examiner). Repeated measures analyses of variance revealed a three-way interaction of child sex by diagnostic status by interactional context (F = 9.81, p < .001). Disruptive boys were the only subgroup whose behavior was not sensitive to interactional context: They displayed comparable levels of disruptive behavior with parents and examiners. In contrast, disruptive girls demonstrated the strongest context effect of any group. Specifically, with the examiner, disruptive girls' behavior was comparable to nondisruptive boys (though still more elevated than nondisruptive girls). However, in interactions with their mothers, disruptive girls displayed the highest rates of disruptive behavior of any subgroup in any context, although the difference between disruptive boys and disruptive girls in this context was not statistically significant. Findings suggest the importance of sex-specific conceptualizations of disruptive behavior in young children that take patterns across social contexts into account.
Le SIDA dans les caraibes

Resume Le SIDA s'est developpe dans les Caraibes probablement au cours des annees 70, le plus ancien cas retrospectif ayant ete retrace en 1978. Une approche, non scientifique au depart de l'epidemie caraibeenne, a conduit a une vision deformee de la realite et a une propagande nefaste pour certains pays de la region. Des particularites cliniques ont ete degagees qui correspondent au tableau du Sida tropical tel qu'il a ete retrouve ensuite en Afrique Centrale : “look” particulier des patients qui sont tres amaigris, avec une chevelure devenue anormalement soyeuse, des membres souvent recouverts de prurigo (eruption papulo-vesiculeuse tres prurigineuse), et parfois une dermite seborrheique affichante sur le visage ; diarrhee presque constante ; manifestations proteiformes dues aux infections opportunistes, surtout la candidose oesophagienne, la tuberculose et les enterites a Cryptosporidium et Isospora belli . Le sarcome de Kaposi est rare, et en Haiti il a decru de 14 a 4 % en 5 ans. Les taux les plus eleves pour 100 000 habitants sont releves aux Bermudes et en Guyane francaise ou ils sont de 129.31 et 117. La transmission heterosexuelle predomine dans la plupart des territoires et progresse dans les autres, avec pour consequence une aggravation de la mortalite infantile qui commence a etre enregistree dans certains points.
Theory of reactive scattering: VI. Volterra equation formalism for coupled channel amplitude densities and modified wavefunctions

The homogeneous integral solution procedure of Sams and Kouri is applied to integral equations derived using the coupled channel operator formalism. It is shown how one may obtain Volterra integral equations of the second kind for solving the equations for a ‘modified channel wavefunction’ (or the channel amplitude density). The modified channel wavefunction is found to behave like the scattered portion of the wavefunction.
Interactive effects of dietary restraint and adiposity on stress-induced eating and the food choice of children

The Individual Differences Model posits that individual differences in physiological and psychological factors explain eating behaviors in response to stress. The purpose was to determine the effects of individual differences in adiposity, dietary restraint and stress reactivity on children's energy intake and food choices. A total of 40 boys and girls, age 8-12 years, with wide ranges of dietary restraint, adiposity, and stress reactivity were measured for total energy intake and choice of energy dense 'comfort' and lower density 'healthy' foods following reading and speech stressor manipulations. When exploring the interaction of dietary restraint and stress reactivity, lower restraint/lower reactivity and lower restraint/higher reactivity were associated with reductions in energy intake (37-62 kcal) and comfort food (33-89 kcal). Higher restraint/lower reactivity was associated with consuming 86 fewer total kcal and 45 fewer kcal of comfort food. Only higher restraint/higher reactivity predicted increased energy intake (104 kcal) and comfort food (131 kcal). The interaction of dietary restraint and percentage body fat revealed that lower restraint/lower adiposity was associated with consuming 123 fewer kcal after being stressed with the entire reduction due to a decrease in comfort food. Lower restraint/higher adiposity was associated with consuming 116 kcal more after being stressed with 70% (81 kcal) of the increase in the form of comfort foods. Higher restraint/lower adiposity and higher restraint/higher adiposity were associated with smaller changes in total energy intake of 22 kcal and 1 kcal; respectively. Both restraint and adiposity moderated the effect of stress on energy intake and food choice. Children with greater adiposity may be at risk for stress-induced eating to contribute to their obesity.
Whole‐embryo culture of E5.5 mouse embryos: Development to the gastrulation stage

This study reports establishment of an in vitro culture system for E5.5 mouse embryos that supports development to the gastrulation stage and allows the use of experimental approaches to study gastrulation during mouse embryogenesis. Recent experiments suggest that the extraembryonic tissues may play a critical role for gastrulation from as early as E5.5. To apply whole embryo culture to E5.5 embryos and analyze gastrulation, it is essential to optimize the conditions so that most of the embryos develop to the gastrulation stage in culture. For this purpose, we established a protocol in which embryos were isolated using micromanipulator and cultured with 50-75% rat serum. Although cultured embryos tended to grow a larger extraembryonic portion, more than 80% of them developed the primitive streak and induce mesoderm, which corresponds to the mid-streak stage.
Results in patients with cranial parameningeal sarcoma and metastases (Stage 4) treated on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) Protocols II–IV, 1978–1997: Report from the Children's Oncology Group

Purpose Determine outcome of patients with cranial parameningeal sarcoma and concurrent metastases treated on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) Protocols II–IV. Patients We identified 91 patients in the database, which includes newly diagnosed subjects <21 years old with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and undifferentiated sarcoma, and reviewed their charts in detail. Results The 54 males and 37 females were <1–19 years at diagnosis. Primary sites were nasopharynx-nasal cavity, middle ear/mastoid and parapharyngeal area (“better” sites, 55%), paranasal sinus and infratemporal-pterygopalatine area (“worse” sites, 42%), and other (3%). Sixty-eight percent of informative patients had direct intracranial extension. Major metastatic sites at diagnosis were lung (63%), bone marrow (33%), and bone (27%). Treatment included vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the primary tumor and up to five metastatic sites/tissues. Outcome The estimated 10-year failure-free survival (FFS) rate was 32% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22%, 42%). Sixty patients had progressive disease (N = 49) or death as a first event (N = 11); another developed myelodysplastic syndrome and died. Sites of first progression/relapse were distant (55%), local (12%), CNS extension (8%), mixed (6%), and uncertain (18%). Factors indicating likelihood of 10-year FFS included tumor arising in “better” versus “worse” sites (FFS 46% vs. 18%, P = 0.02) and embryonal versus other histology (FFS 37% vs. 19%, P = 0.06). Conclusions Cure was possible for some patients with metastatic cranial parameningeal sarcoma. Patients with the best outlook had embryonal RMS located in the nasopharynx/nasal cavity, middle ear/mastoid, or parapharyngeal region. Distant metastases were the most frequent type of recurrence, indicating that more effective systemic agents are needed to eliminate residual disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:17–22. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Blogs as the New Media on the Internet

Blood, R.,, (2002), The weblog handbook: Practical advice on creating and maintaining your blog, Danvers, MA: Perseus Publishing, 195 pp, 073820756X ., $11.20 (paperback), Hewitt, H.,, (2005), Blog...
Effects of caring, measurement, and time on miscarriage impact and women's well-being.

Background Responses to miscarriage range from relief to devastation, yet there have been no randomized controlled studies that demonstrate significant effects of counseling with women who miscarry. Objective To test the effects of caring-based counseling, measurement, and time on the integration of loss (miscarriage impact) and women's emotional well-being (moods and self-esteem) in the first year after miscarrying. Method ANCOVA was used in this randomized, longitudinal Solomon four-group experimental investigation. Enrolled were 242; 185 completed. Outcomes included: self-esteem, overall emotional disturbance, anger, depression, anxiety, confusion, overall miscarriage impact, personal significance, devastating event, lost baby, and isolated. Results During the first year after loss (a) caring was effective in reducing overall emotional disturbance, anger, and depression; and (b) time passing led to increased self-esteem and decreased anxiety, depression, anger, confusion, and personal significance of loss. Conclusion Caring, measurement, and time had some positive and significant effects on the integration of loss and enhancement of well-being in the first year subsequent to miscarrying.
The utilization of circulating dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate for estrogen synthesis during human pregnancy

Abstract Estrogen biosynthesis during human pregnancy has been studied by examination of the radioactive urinary metabolites excreted following the intravenous administration of isotope-labelled steroids to pregnant women under a variety of conditions. Dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate has been shown to be efficiently converted to estrogen in women pregnant with a hydatidiform mole, an anencephalic fetus, and a normal fetus. The fraction of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate converted to ‘estradiol’ ranged from 4 to 55 per cent. Under certain conditions a major portion of the total endogenous estrogen production may arise by this means. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate that estriol may be derived from dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate by a biochemical pathway which does not involve estrone or estradiol. It is concluded that the placenta does not exclusively utilize de novo mechanisms for estrogen production and may, in fact, rely entirely upon externally supplied steroidal precursors.
The ontogeny of biologically active androgen-binding protein in rat plasma, testis, and epididymis.

Androgen-binding protein (ABP) can be detected in the blood of sexually immature male rats by its ability to specifically bind [3H]5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT). Since the androgen-binding site is functional, we consider this ABP to be biologically active. ABP can be detected (641 ± 107 ng/ml; n = 5) in plasma by the 15th day of postnatal life, it reaches a maximum concentration (1631 ± 323 ng/ml; h = 5) on day 20 of age, and is no longer detectable after day 40. ABP can be detected in the testes of all age groups studied (15 days to adult). However, no ABP is detectable in the epididymis until the animals are 25 days old. Plasma ABP comigrates on nondenaturing gels with photolabeled ABP from the adult or immature rat epididymis. Serum that had been treated with Affigel blue to remove albumin and with hydroxylapatite to decolorize it was photolabeled using [3H]17β-hydroxy-4,6-androstadien- 3-one. Photolabeled serum ABP migrated on polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate as 60,000 and 48,00...
Congenital skeletal malformations and cleft palate induced in goats by ingestion of Lupinus, Conium and Nicotiana species.

Abstract K. E. Panter , R. F. Keeler , T. D. Bunch and R. J. Callan . Review article — Congenital skeletal malformations and cleft palate induced in goats by ingestion of Lupinus, Conium and Nicotiana species. Toxicon 28, 1377–1385, 1990.—Three piperidine alkaloid containing plants, Conium maculatum (poison-hemlock), Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) and Lupinus formosus (lunara lupine), induced multiple congenital contractures (MCC) and palatoschisis in goat kids when their dams were gavaged with the plant during gestation days 30–60. The skeletal abnormalities included fixed extension or flexure of the carpal, tarsal, and fetlock joints, scoliosis, lordosis, torticollis and rib cage abnormalities. Clinical signs of toxicity included those reported in sheep, cattle and pigs—ataxia, incoordination, muscular weakness, prostration and death. One quinolizidine alkaloid containing plant, Lupinus caudatus (tailcup lupine), on the other hand, which is also known to cause MCC in cows, caused only slight signs of toxicity in pregnant goats and no teratogenic effects in their offspring.
Replicatively active complexes of DnaA protein and the Escherichia coli chromosomal origin observed in the electron microscope.

Abstract DnaA protein and the Escherichia coli chromosomal origin (oriC) form an initial complex at an early stage in the initiation of DNA replication. We have used electron microscopy to determine which structure among the several formed in the reconstitution of this multicomponent system is the replicatively active complex. One distinctive structure could be correlated with activity and localized to oriC, whilst several others could not. Formation of an open complex in the next stage of initiation was accompanied by the presence of a structure similar in size and shape to that of the functional initial complex. Whereas the initial complex was observed with either ATP or the ADP-forms of DnaA protein, only the ATP-form was effective in producing the open complex. Mutagenesis of several DNA sequence elements in oriC, known to be important for replication, was employed to determine the effects of these alterations on formation of the initial complex. As judged by electron microscopy and by functional assays, the region containing the four 9-mer dnaA boxes proved to be essential for the formation of the initial complex, while the three contiguous AT-rich 13-mers, known sites for opening of oriC , were not.
Effects of deprivation on hedonics and reinforcing value of food

Eating is influenced by both the hedonic preferences and reinforcing value of food. Incentive salience theory predicts these are separate influences. This study tested whether hedonics reliably change as a function of increasing the reinforcing value of food by deprivation in 17 non-obese, non-dietary restrained females. Baseline measures of hedonics for pleasant (chocolate milk), unpleasant (lemon juice) and neutral (water) tastes were determined under deprived conditions. Participants were then randomly assigned to fed or maintained in deprived conditions, and after food consumption, a second determination of hedonics was obtained, followed by assessing the reinforcing value of food. Hedonics was measured by subjective ratings and behavioral observations in a taste reactivity paradigm. Results showed food was more reinforcing for the deprived than the fed group, but no influences of group were observed for the subjective or objective hedonic measures. These results suggest that hedonics and the reinforcing value of food are separate processes in humans, and they may independently influence eating behavior.
Critical review of kinetic data for the oxidation of methanol in supercritical water

Kinetic data for the oxidation of methanol in supercritical water are important as such to validate elementary reaction models, to design commercial supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) reactors for treating methanol-containing effluents, for reactors using methanol as auxiliary fuel, and for hydrothermal reformers converting the methanol to hydrogen, CO, and CO2 by partial oxidation. More broadly, the determination of reliable kinetic parameters for an organic compound in supercritical water is not only of interest for SCWO as a waste remediation technology, but also for calibrating the different experimental approaches used by various research groups. The purpose of this paper is to critically review existing methanol SCWO data and to present new data from our laboratory. Variations between the results from the different research groups were found to be due in part to differences in feed preheating and mixing, and residual oxygen dissolved in the organic/water feed stream. In samples from hydrolysis experiments, two new unidentified compounds were detected by HPLC analysis using electrochemical detection. Decomposition reactions during preheating are suspected to accelerate the oxidation kinetics. The early MIT data were found to be flawed by slow mixing of the reactant streams. The factors responsible for the large differences in the inter-laboratory comparison of methanol oxidation kinetics include: (i) the methanol feed concentration, (ii) insufficient reaction heat removal from tubular or coiled flow reactors, and (iii) the inherently different apparent kinetics for autocatalytic reactions in continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and plug flow reactor (PFR) systems because of the recirculation of radicals in a CSTR. High initial feed concentrations are shown to yield higher apparent first-order rate constants, by producing hot zones in the reactor and also by decreasing the induction time. Furthermore, many published data are suspected to be affected by reactor wall catalysis, manifested by strongly reduced induction times and possibly also by accelerated propagation kinetics. Three groups of data were identified that yield consistent apparent first-order kinetics for the post-induction period. A quantitative recommendation for the “best” kinetic data for methanol SCWO could not be made because of limited information, particularly for the induction time, and because of insufficient knowledge regarding the influence of wall catalysis in such systems. Simple global power law rate expressions are not adequate to describe the complex nature of autocatalytic oxidations over the full range of temperatures, feed concentrations, and residence times studied, but can be successfully applied to data sets obtained at similar experimental conditions.
Myosin-dependent transport in neurons

Axonal transport in neurons has been shown to be microtubule dependent, driven by the molecular motor proteins kinesin and dynein. However, organelles undergoing fast transport can often pause or rapidly change directions without apparent dissociation from their transport tracks. Cytoskeletal polymers such as neurofilaments and microtubules have also been shown to make infrequent but rapid movements in axons indicating that their transport is likely to involve molecular motors. In addition, neurons have multiple compartments that are devoid of microtubules where transport of organelles is still seen to occur. These areas are rich in other cytoskeletal polymers such as actin filaments. Transported organelles have been shown to associate with multiple motor proteins including myosins. This suggests that nonmicrotubule-based transport may be myosin driven. In this review we will focus our attention on myosin motors known to be present in neurons and evaluate the evidence that they contribute to transport or other functions in the different compartments of the neuron.
Linear feature detection of rural imagery using multiresolution filters

We detected roads in aerial imagery using a method based on lineal feature detection. Our method used the products of wavelet coefficients at several scales were to identify and locate lineal features. Using our approach effectively increased the size of the region we examined when looking for possible road pixels, and decreased the probability of false positive road pixels. Then, we used a shortest path algorithm to link road pixels to form road networks. Our approach restricted possible road network solutions based on the initial detection of road pixels. We found that our approach leads to an effective method for detecting roads in aerial imagery. The method is general and can be applied to other features in imagery.
An unwarrantable impertinence

Wegner's many examples of illusory involuntariness do not warrant the conclusion that the experience of voluntariness is also an illusion. His arguments appear to be related to the contemporary emphasis on automaticity in social cognition and behavior; both appear to represent a revival of situationism in social psychology.
Purification of prostaglandin A isomerase from rabbit serum.

Abstract Procedures for partial purification of prostaglandin A isomerase from rabbit serum by alumina Cγ gel adsorption, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and Sephadex gel filtration are described. This enzyme catalyzes the isomerization of prostaglandin A to prostaglandin B via prostaglandin C as the intermediate. The product, prostaglandin B1, was identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A broad pH optimum between 8–9 was observed for the enzyme and the specific effect of buffers on enzyme activity was determined. The Km value for PGA1, was estimated to be 50 yM. Of the sulfhydryl binding agents tested, only N-ethylmaleimide inhibits the enzyme.
XFlavor: providing XML features in media representation

We present XFlavor, a framework for providing XML representation of multimedia data. XFlavor can be used to convert multimedia data back and forth between binary and XML representations. Compared to bitstreams, XML documents are easier to access and manipulate, and consequently, the development of multimedia processing software is greatly facilitated, as one generic XML parser can be used to read and write different types of data in XML form.
A versatile method for generating semiconducting polymer dot nanocomposites.

This paper describes a method, based on co-precipitation, for generating small semiconducting polymer dot (Pdot) nanocomposites, which contain either gold or iron oxide nanoparticles within the Pdot matrix. We demonstrate the utility of Pdot–Au nanoparticles (Au-NP–Pdots) in dual-modality imaging in which co-localization of fluorescence from Pdot and scattering from Au was used to identify Au-NP–Pdot probes for downstream single-particle tracking and cellular imaging. We also demonstrate the potential of employing Pdot–FeOx nanoparticles (FeOx-NP–Pdots) for both sample preparation, where cells tagged with FeOx-NP–Pdots were isolated using an external magnet, and cellular imaging and detection, owing to the intense fluorescence from Pdots. The method we present here should be generalizable to the formation of other Pdot nanocomposites for creating the next generation of multi-functional Pdot probes.
Incremental pluton emplacement by magmatic crack-seal

A growing body of evidence indicates that some, and perhaps most, plutons are highly composite. However, the geometrical forms of increments and the processes by which they are added are poorly known. Magmatic crack-seal probably is an important incremental assembly process, particularly in the upper crust where wall-rock fracture is important. Evidence for magmatic crack-seal is clearest where it is antitaxial, i.e., new fractures form at the contact between wall rock and a growing intrusion. Local deviation of antitaxial cracks into wall rocks isolates wall-rock bodies that therefore mark increment contacts. Wall rock isolated by this process remains in situ and thus is likely to preserve a ghost stratigraphy. Previously described plutons are identified, and interpreted to have grown by antitaxial magmatic crack-seal. In contrast, it remains unclear what observable geological record may remain in plutons formed by syntaxial crack-seal, in which new cracks form in the middle of the growing pluton. Several plutons are identified that preserve possible indirect evidence for growth by syntaxial crack seal, but conclusive identification of a direct record of the process remains elusive. However, plutons with sharp discordant contacts but few xenoliths may have been emplaced incrementally by syntaxial magmatic crack-seal.
Construction and characterization of a human bacterial artificial chromosome library

We have constructed an arrayed human genomic BAC library with approximately 4x coverage that is represented by 96,000 BAC clones with average insert size of nearly 140 kb. A new BAC vector that allows color-based positive screening to identify transformants with inserts has increased BAC cloning efficiency. The library was gridded onto hybridization filters at high density for efficient identification of BAC clones by colony hybridization. The library was also formulated into characteristic DNA pools to allow for PCR screening of the library for STS content. We have characterized the library mainly by screening with more than 300 different landmarks that include cDNA, STSs, and cosmid clones. We describe methods for using BAC clones and discuss the implications for genome characterization, mapping, and sequencing.
Fluoropolymer heat exchangers

Fluoropolymer heat exchangers are the only polymeric heat exchangers to offer thetemperature capabilities and corrosion resistance necessary to heat and cool acid- and caustic-based plating baths. They offer economical solutions to the problems of maintaining precise temperature control of baths for optimum product quality.
Template-specific stimulation of RNA synthesis by phosphorylated non-histone chromatin proteins

Abstract Phosphorylated non-histone chromatin proteins are shown to stimulate the synthesis of RNA in a cell-free system using rat liver RNA polymerase and rat DNA as template. This stimulation is not observed when DNA's of other species are used as template, or when the phosphorylated proteins have been treated with alkaline phosphatase.
Determination of the 3 P j Phase Shifts from Nucleon-Nucleon Data: A Critical Evaluation and a Surprising Result

It is shown that the \(\) neutron-proton (proton-proton) phase shifts cannot be determined to less than \(\)% (\(\)%) uncertainty at low energies (\(\) MeV), even if high-accuracy nucleon-nucleon data were to become available for currently inaccessible observables. For a more accurate determination, appropriate theoretical constraints have to be invoked, but their accuracy can be judged only from the comparison of rigorous three-nucleon continuum calculations with particular three-nucleon observables.
Determinants of human cyclin B1 association with mitotic chromosomes.

Cyclin B1–CDK1 activity is essential for mitotic entry, but questions remain regarding how the activity of this kinase is spatially regulated. Previous studies showed that the cyclin B1 subunit localizes to several compartments of a mitotic cell, including the centrosomes, mitotic spindle, kinetochores and chromosomes via distinct sequence elements. Mitotic chromosome association occurs through the unstructured N-terminal domain of cyclin B1 and is independent of CDK1 binding. Here, we use live cell imaging of human cyclin B1 fused to GFP to precisely define the sequence elements within cyclin B1 that mediate its association with condensed mitotic chromosomes. We find that a short, evolutionarily conserved N-terminal motif is required for cyclin B1 to localize to mitotic chromosomes. We further reveal a role for arginine residues within and near the destruction box sequence in the chromosome association of cyclin B1. Additionally, our data suggest that sequences further downstream in cyclin B1, such as the cytoplasmic retention sequence and the cyclin box, may negatively modulate chromosome association. Because multiple basic residues are required for cyclin B1 association with mitotic chromosomes, electrostatic interactions with DNA may facilitate cyclin B1 localization to chromosomes.
Determination of moisture ingress rate through photovoltaic encapsulants

Encapsulant materials provide protection and electrical isolation of the solar components in photovoltaic (PV) modules from the environment. However, some photovoltaic devices are sensitive to low levels of moisture and the rate of moisture ingress into a module can decrease its performance significantly during the lifetime of a module in the field. The moisture penetrates through the encapsulant to the module's metal components and power degradation and metal corrosion can occur. The rate of moisture ingress is a characteristic property of an encapsulant and is a function of both the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and the water vapor diffusion coefficient (D). The WVTR and D of commercial, partially neutralized poly(ethylene co-methacrylic acids) [ionomers] were measured and compared with poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) [EVA] and polyolefin encapsulants at various temperatures up to 85°C. The experimental data correlated well to a Fickian diffusion model. The rate of moisture ingress can be modeled for glass/glass modules and for the encapsulant region between the glass and a single crystalline-Silicon cell.
Mass extinctions: the microbes strike back

Forget asteroid Armageddon from the skies. The biggest danger to life is bacteria poisoning the entire planet
Middle School Students’ Knowledge of Autism

Authors examined 1,015 middle school students’ knowledge of autism using a single item of prior awareness and a 10-item Knowledge of Autism (KOA) scale. The KOA scale was designed to assess students’ knowledge of the course, etiology, and symptoms associated with autism. Less than half of students (46.1%) reported having heard of autism; however, most students correctly responded that autism was a chronic condition that was not communicable. Students reporting prior awareness of autism scored higher on 9 of 10 KOA scale items when compared to their naive counterparts. Prior awareness of autism and KOA scores also differed across schools. A more detailed understanding of developmental changes in students’ knowledge of autism should improve peer educational interventions.
The metabolism of saccharin in animals.

Abstract Rats given oral doses of [3− 14 C]saccharin excreted 56–87% of the labeled dose in the urine and 10–40% in the feces during 7 days. Distribution studies showed that the highest levels of 14 C were in the kidneys and bladders. The bile was not a significant route of excretion. The presence of labeled CO 2 in expired air indicated that saccharin was decarboxylated to a slight degree. DEAE chromatographic separation and isolation of labeled compounds from urine samples showed that more than 99% of the urinary 14 C was unchanged saccharin. Up to 1.0% of the 14 C was a metabolite identified as o -sulfamoylbenzoic acid. Comparative metabolic profiles of a dog, rabbit, guinea pig and hamster indicated that there was little difference in the pattern due to animal species or dose level.
A Novel Serum Protein Similar to C1q, Produced Exclusively in Adipocytes

We describe a novel 30-kDa secretory protein, Acrp30 (adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kDa), that is made exclusively in adipocytes and whose mRNA is induced over 100-fold during adipocyte differentiation. Acrp30 is structurally similar to complement factor C1q and to a hibernation-specific protein isolated from the plasma of Siberian chipmunks; it forms large homo-oligomers that undergo a series of post-translational modifications. Like adipsin, secretion of Acrp30 is enhanced by insulin, and Acrp30 is an abundant serum protein. Acrp30 may be a factor that participates in the delicately balanced system of energy homeostasis involving food intake and carbohydrate and lipid catabolism. Our experiments also further corroborate the existence of an insulin-regulated secretory pathway in adipocytes.
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Depression in Patients With CKD

A 58-year-old Hispanic man who has been dialysis dependent for 2 years because of diabetic nephropathy reports depressive symptoms during dialysis rounds. For the past 6 weeks, he has had reduced energy and difficulty sleeping and concentrating. He reports a loss of interest in his usual hobbies and family activities and notes an increasing sense of feeling worthless and guilty. He denies suicidal ideation. Medical history includes diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy, coronary artery disease treated with 4-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting 3 years ago, ischemic cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 30%, and cerebrovascular disease. His wife recently has been given a diagnosis of breast cancer. His medications are aspirin, metoprolol, lisinopril, simvastatin, sevelamer, and epoetin alfa. His blood pressure is 130/75 mm Hg, pulse is 65 beats/min, and cardiac and pulmonary examination results are unremarkable. He is interviewed by the social worker in the dialysis unit, who diagnoses clinical depression by using standard Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM IV) criteria. The patient refuses to discuss his problems with the social worker and declines further psychiatric evaluation. His nephrologist discusses a trial of antidepressant medication, but the patient refuses to use additional medication. During the next month, the patient presents with greater interdialytic weight gains and begins to come late for dialysis sessions. He then presents to a dialysis session reporting dyspnea and orthopnea and is found to have a 10-kg weight gain. On physical examination, blood pressure is 196/96 mm Hg and he has increased jugular venous pressure and bibasilar crackles. He is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure.
Preventing aspiration during peroral endoscopic myotomy.

To the Editor: We read with interest Tanaka et al.’s [1] case series raising the importance of preventing aspiration pneumonia as an anesthesia consideration specific to peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). At our institution, a total of 35 patients underwent POEM for treatment of achalasia or spastic esophageal disorders. To facilitate efficient submucosal dissection there is frequent need to irrigate significant volumes of fluid which is performed using the water jet channel of the gastroscope (GIF-HQ 190; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) [2]. The endoscopist works in the proximal esophagus which is generally dilated with high lower esophageal sphincter pressures. Hence, the irrigated fluid can regurgitate toward the pharynx, leading to a risk of aspiration. In order to reduce the risk of micro-aspiration events, we use an endotracheal tube with a taper-shaped cuff with an evacuation port and suction lumen (TaperGuard Evac, Covidien, Mansfield, MA). The tube is designed to provide subglottic secretion drainage which has been shown to protect against micro-aspiration and ventilator assisted pneumonia [3]. Approximately 100 ml of fluid is aspirated through the specialized endotracheal tube during POEM which was successfully performed in the endoscopy unit in all patients with a mean procedure time of 110 min. There were no episodes of aspiration or pneumonia in our cohort. Prevention of aspiration is important not only during induction of anesthesia but also for the duration of the procedure. We recommend use of an endotracheal tube with capabilities for subglottic secretion drainage to minimize the risk during a procedure where frequent esophageal irrigation is required.
Magnetic field enhancement in superconducting tubes

Abstract The magnetic behavior of tubes of superconducting material cooled in an axial magnetic field has been studied in an attempt to understand the increase in field strength that occurs in the holes of these tubes. It was found that the magnitude of this effect is determined largely by the shape and size of the tube and that it is qualitatively the same for a variety of materials. The results show that what is characteristic of a given tube is the amount of flux that will move into the hole rather than the field increase that will occur.
Poster: Detection of Cyberbullying in a Mobile Social Network: Systems Issues

Cyberbullying is a major problem affecting more than half of all American teens, and has been attributed to suicidal behavior among teens. Instagram, a media-based mobile social network, is one of the most popular social networks used for cyberbullying. In this paper, we describe the development of classifiers to detect cyberbullying in Instagram. We identify systems issues that need to be considered in the design of a cyberbullying detection system.
Photoelectron spectroscopy, and photovoltaic device study of Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 and ZnO x S 1−x buffer layer interface

Recent research has enabled Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 (CZTSe) to reach efficiencies close to 10% in photovoltaic devices with CdS as the junction partner and over 12% when the CZTSe is alloyed with sulfur. Little work, however, has been reported on the potential for wide band gap, Cd-free buffer layers in these devices. Reported here are photoelectron spectroscopy measurements (XPS/UPS) of the band energy positions between CZTSe and zinc oxysulfide (ZnOS) with sputter depth profiling. Measurements indicate the formation of a large conduction band offset (CBO) of 1.2 eV with chemical-bath deposition (CBD) of ZnOS on CZTSe (E g = 0.96 eV). However, Ar ion sputter depth profiling is shown to produce compositional changes of the ZnOS thin film resulting in an apparent increase of the valence band maximum (VBM) for the buffer layer. With this in mind, the valence band edge energy offsets (VBO) are calculated and used to study solar cells made with the configuration glass/Mo/CZTSe/ZnOS/i-ZnO/Al:ZnO/Ni/Al. Variation of the deposition time of the ZnOS buffer layer during the CBD process has led to device efficiencies above 5%. For the thinnest ZnOS buffer layers, the short-circuit current matches that of devices with CdS buffer layers, but suffers from loss of open-circuit voltage. Interpretation of the solar cell measurements are aided by SCAPS thin-film device modeling.
An Intramolecular Spin of the LDL Receptor β Propeller

Study of the LDL receptor as a model system has led to insights into general principles underlying receptor-mediated endocytosis of bound ligands. The recently published structure of the entire LDL receptor ectodomain, determined at pH 5.3, now suggests an elegant model to explain how lipoprotein ligands are released from the receptor by exposure to the low-pH environment of the endosome.
Determining the stability of three-carbon carbocations and carbanions through computing ionization energies, electron affinities and frontier molecular orbital energy gaps for corresponding radicals, cations and anions

Abstract Complete basis set ab initio computational studies were performed on three-carbon anions, radicals and cation isomers with the aim being to evaluate their relative stabilities. As a measure of the stability of the carbocations, adiabatic ionization energies for corresponding radicals were computed, while in the evaluation of the relative stability of carbanions, the electron affinities of radicals were used. The reliability of the complete basis set ab initio method for computing those values, as well as using the ionization energies for determining the stabilities of the cations and using the electron affinities for determining the stabilities of carbanions were all discussed. To determine the relative stabilities in the three-carbon series of cations and anions their frontier orbital energy gaps were computed. The frontier molecular orbital energy gaps were compared with the CBSQ energies and the reliability of this approach for the evaluation of the chemical system stability was discussed.
On the finite deformation and heating of thermoelastic spherical sectors

Abstract The possibility of holding certain non-uniform temperature fields in finitely deformed spherical sectors is considered. An exact solution in spherical coordinates to the coupled equations of thermoelasticity for Fourier-like materials is given.
Airway smooth muscle stretch and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma: have we chased the wrong horse?

why do humans with asthma have hyperresponsive airways? About 20 years ago, a delightfully simple hypothesized mechanism emerged that lack of stretch on the airway smooth muscle (ASM) can be causal to hyperresponsive airways as it occurs in asthma. On the face of it, this mechanism seemed to bridge
LOCALIZATION OF STRUCTURAL POLYMERS IN THE CELL WALL OF NEUROSPORA CRASSA

The distribution and localization of structural polymers in the cell wall of Neurospora crassa has been studied by selective removal and light and electron microscope examination. Observations with the light microscope indicated that each polymer by itself can provide structural integrity to the cell wall. Examination by electron microscopy showed that the cell wall consists of an outer layer of thick fibrils, identified chemically as a glucan-peptide-galactosamine complex, and an inner layer made up of β-1,3 glucan and thin fibrils of chitin.
Investigation of spurious scattering in nuclear emulsion

Properties of spurious scattering in nuclear emulsion have been investigated using protons of momenta 19.8 and 24 GeV/c from the external beam of the CERN Proton Syncrotron. The variation of the spurious scattering signal with cell lengths of from 2 to 12 millimeters and dip angles of from 0 to 3 degrees is investigated and a functional relationship describing the observed variation is presented. A simple method for measuring momenta is presented which takes advantage of the observation that this functional relationship for the spurious scattering fits the results of other investigators working with a similar range of momenta. Evidence is presented which indicates that the spurious scattering is enhanced when using an oil immersion lens, presumably due to the absorption of oil by the emulsion.