cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Examination of Intimate Partner Violence and Mother-Child Communication

Parent-child communication about substance abuse, violence, and HIV/AIDS (i.e., SAVA) may protect against intergenerational risks, as open communication can enhance children’s resilience to combat adversities. We used moderation analyses to identify variables that affect mothers’ comfort with communicating with their children about SAVA. Participants (Mage = 34.62 years; SD = 7.95) were mothers of youth between the ages of 6 and 14 who endorsed experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) within the last six months. Mothers reported on their experiences with IPV victimization (Revised Conflict Tactics Scale) and perpetration (History of Violence Perpetration Measure), and their comfort communicating with their children about SAVA (Parent-Child Communication about SAVA Scale). More severe IPV was associated with less comfort communicating (β = −003; p < 0.01). In addition, more frequent IPV perpetration was associated with less comfort communicating (β = −2.46; p < 0.01). Moderation was supported, such that the association between experiencing IPV and comfort with communication varied by experiences with IPV perpetration (β = 0.01; p < 0.01). Child’s age was a significant moderator of the relationship between bidirectional intimate partner violence (i.e., experiencing both victimization and perpetration), and comfort with communicating (β = −0.0004; p < 0.01). Findings highlight the negative consequences of bidirectional violence, such that mothers who are both victims and perpetrators of violence were less willing to communicate with their children. Given the crucial role of communication in promoting resilience, this lack of communication may place children on a problematic health trajectory.
Low-cost 3D print-based phantom fabrication to facilitate interstitial prostate brachytherapy training program.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to manufacture a realistic and inexpensive prostate phantom to support training programs for ultrasound-based interstitial prostate brachytherapy. Methods and Materials Five phantom material combinations were tested and evaluated for material characteristics; Ecoflex 00–30 silicone, emulsion silicone with 20% or 50% mineral oil, and regular or supersoft polyvinyl chloride (PVC). A prostate phantom which includes an anatomic simulated prostate, urethra, seminal vesicles, rectum, and normal surrounding tissue was created with 3D-printed molds using 20% emulsion silicone and regular and supersoft PVC materials based on speed of sound testing. Needle artifact retention was evaluated at weekly intervals. Results Speed of sound testing demonstrated PVC to have the closest ultrasound characteristics of the materials tested to that of soft tissue. Several molds were created with 3D-printed PLA directly or cast on 3D-printed PLA with high heat resistant silicone. The prostate phantom fabrication workflow was developed, including a method to produce dummy seeds for low-dose-rate brachytherapy practice. A complete phantom may be fabricated in 1.5–2 h, and the material cost for each phantom was approximated at $23.98. Conclusions A low-cost and reusable phantom was developed based on 3D-printed molds for casting. The proposed educational prostate phantom is an ideal cost-effective platform to develop and build confidence in fundamental brachytherapy procedural skills in addition to actual patient caseloads.
Co-Design of a Highly Integrated, High Peformance, 16-Channel Pulsers and Tx/Rx Switches for Ultrasound Imaging Systems

The drive for highly integrated ultrasonic scanners electronics stems from the ever-increasing demand for portable, high-quality miniaturize ultrasound imaging systems. Integration drives design complexities due to increase electromagnetic interactions of circuit and package. As such, signal and power integrity issues are exacerbated with impact to system performance, if not considered and addressed early in the design phase. In this paper we present the package electrical co-design and measurement validation results of a highly integrated, high- performance transmitter solution for ultrasound imaging system. We detail how electrical co-optimization of the silicon-package interaction, was achieved through a coupled circuit-to-electromagnetic modeling and simulation methodology. Laboratory measurements on a 16-channel ultrasound pulser circuits (PULS) are presented that validate the integrity of the co-design modeling and simulation methodology.
Examining Growth Outcomes of a Recreational Sports Living–Learning Community Using the Social Change Model of Leadership Development:

Living learning communities (LLCs) add to the college student experience. The current study investigates academic and personal growth in a recreational sports–themed LLC intentionally built on stud...
Adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment

The environmental conditions of microorganisms' habitats may fluctuate in unpredictable ways, such as changes in temperature, carbon source, pH, and salinity to name a few. Environmental heterogeneity presents a challenge to microorganisms, as they have to adapt not only to be fit under a specific condition, but they must also be robust across many conditions and be able to deal with the switch between conditions itself. While experimental evolution has been used to gain insight into the adaptive process, this has largely been in either unvarying or consistently varying conditions. In cases where changing environments have been investigated, relatively little is known about how such environments influence the dynamics of the adaptive process itself, as well as the genetic and phenotypic outcomes. We designed a systematic series of evolution experiments where we used two growth conditions that have differing timescales of adaptation and varied the rate of switching between them. We used lineage tracking to follow adaptation, and whole genome sequenced adaptive clones from each of the experiments. We find that both the switch rate and the order of the conditions influences adaptation. We also find different adaptive outcomes, at both the genetic and phenotypic levels, even when populations spent the same amount of total time in the two different conditions, but the order and/or switch rate differed. Thus, in a variable environment adaptation depends not only on the nature of the conditions and phenotypes under selection, but also on the complexity of the manner in which those conditions are combined to result in a given dynamic environment.
Más allá de la lengua: Embracing the Messiness as Bilingual Teacher Educators

Using testimonios as counterstories, we—a Latina/Indigenous immigrant and white U.S. male—examine our professional trajectories while noting changes that shaped our identities as educators and rese...
Functional Role of Class III Myosins in Hair Cells

Cytoskeletal motors produce force and motion using the energy from ATP hydrolysis and function in a variety of mechanical roles in cells including muscle contraction, cargo transport, and cell division. Actin-based myosin motors have been shown to play crucial roles in the development and function of the stereocilia of auditory and vestibular inner ear hair cells. Hair cells can contain hundreds of stereocilia, which rely on myosin motors to elongate, organize, and stabilize their structure. Mutations in many stereocilia-associated myosins have been shown to cause hearing loss in both humans and animal models suggesting that each myosin isoform has a specific function in these unique parallel actin bundle-based protrusions. Here we review what is known about the classes of myosins that function in the stereocilia, with a special focus on class III myosins that harbor point mutations associated with delayed onset hearing loss. Much has been learned about the role of the two class III myosin isoforms, MYO3A and MYO3B, in maintaining the precise stereocilia lengths required for normal hearing. We propose a model for how class III myosins play a key role in regulating stereocilia lengths and demonstrate how their motor and regulatory properties are particularly well suited for this function. We conclude that ongoing studies on class III myosins and other stereocilia-associated myosins are extremely important and may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hearing loss due to stereocilia degeneration.
National Trends in Total Hip Arthroplasty Bearing Surface Usage in Extremely Young Patients Between 2006 and 2016

Abstract Background Long-term implant durability is a key concern when considering total hip arthroplasty (THA) in young patients. The ideal bearing surface used in these patients remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in THA bearing surface use from 2006 to 2016 using a large, pediatric national database. Methods This was a retrospective review from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2016, using the Kids’ Inpatient Database. International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision and 10th revision codes were used to identify patients who underwent THA and create cohorts based on bearing surfaces: metal-on-metal, metal-on-polyethylene, ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP), and ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC). Annual utilization of each bearing surface and associated patient and hospital demographics were analyzed. Results A total of 1004 THAs were identified during the 11-year study period. The annual number of THAs performed increased by 169% from 2006 to 2016. The mean patient age was 17.1 years. The most prevalent bearing surface used in 2006 was CoC (37.3%), metal-on-metal (31.8%) in 2009, and CoP in 2012 and 2016 (50.6% and 64.8%, respectively). From 2006 to 2016, utilization of CoP increased from 5.0% to 64.8%, representing a 1196% increase over the study period. Conclusions The number of THAs performed in pediatric patients is increasing significantly. Although CoC was previously the most commonly used bearing surface in this patient population, CoP is currently the most common. Further investigation is needed to determine whether bearing longevity and clinical outcomes with CoP are superior to other bearing surfaces.
Low-level Controllers Play a Decisive Role in the String Stability of Adaptive Cruise Control

Current commercial adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems consist of an upper-level planner controller that decides the optimal trajectory that should be followed, and a low-level controller in charge of sending the gas/break signals to the mechanical system to actually move the vehicle. We find that the low-level controller has a significant impact on the string stability (SS) even if the planner is string stable: (i) a slow controller deteriorates the SS, (ii) slow controllers are common as they arise from insufficient control gains, from a “weak” gas/brake system or both, and (iii) the integral term in a slow controller causes undesired overshooting which affects the SS. Accordingly, we suggest tuning up the proportional/feedforward gain and ensuring the gas/brake is not “weak”. The study results are validated both numerically and empirically with data from commercial cars.
What's Nissen on the net? the quality of information regarding Nissen fundoplication on the internet.

BACKGROUND More patients are turning to the internet for their health information than ever before. This is a growing problem as it is well recognized that medical information on the internet is highly variable. We assessed the quality of information on the internet regarding the anti-reflux procedure, Nissen Fundoplication. Three commonly used measures of website quality are the Health On the Net code, the Journal of the American Medical Association Benchmark criteria, and the DISCERN tool. The HON code is a seal of approval awarded by an independent organization where the JAMA Benchmark and DISCERN Tool are a set of standards that can be utilized by an internet user or webpage creator. METHODS We performed a Google search using the term "Nissen Fundoplication", where we analyzed the top 75 websites. We included English language websites and excluded advertisements, websites for medical professionals, duplicates, and requiring a login. Each website included was evaluated for presence of the HON seal and scored with the JAMA Benchmark and DISCERN criteria to determine quality. RESULTS Only 16.28% of websites were found to be HON code certified. The average JAMA benchmark score was 1.23, with 9.3% websites scoring the maximum 4 points and 39.53% receiving a score of 0. The average DISCERN score was 34.65 out of a total possible score of 75, where the mean score for the overall quality of the website (question 16) was 2.19 out of a maximal score of 5. CONCLUSION This study, using 3 commonly used validated measures, has found that the quality of online information pertaining to Nissen Fundoplication is sorely lacking. The implications of these results are twofold as an important reference for institutions to update their source material and a guide when providing patients with adequate resources.
Dislocations in extruded Co-49.3 at. pct Al

Polycrystalline Co-49.3 at. pct Al, which had been extruded at 1505 K, was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Diffraction contrast analysis showed that b = 100 as well as b = 111 line dislocations contribute to elevated temperature deformation in CoAl. Therefore, it was concluded that sufficient slip systems exist in CoAl to allow for general plasticity in the absence of diffusional mechanisms. Line dislocations of the type b = 001 were observed on both 110 and 100 planes while b = 111 line dislocations were observed on 1 -1 0 planes.
Alternative applications of the mean ceramic date concept for interpreting human behavior

By illuminating inconsistencies between material culture chronology and historically documented occupation periods, seemingly “erroneous” dates derived from uses of South’s mean ceramic date formula can be fully as valuable as is the technique’s more traditional application for dating. Our paper formally recognizes and extends the use of the mean ceramic date approach as a tool for furthering the interpretation and explanation of human behavior in three categories: intrasite/ intrafeature, intersite/interfeature, intrasite/interfeature. In-depth treatment of the latter category considers the excavation of two structures pertaining to Fort Independence in Boston. Three hypotheses are tested and serve to illustrate the use and limitations of the concept as a tool for cultural explanation. This quantitative approach to ceramic analysis is combined with qualitative considerations of artifacts, features, and stratigraphy to reach a consistent explanation of past lifeways at the 1803–33 fort.
Complete coverage path planning in an agricultural environment

vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Problem Statement 1 1.2 Prior Research 2 1.3 Research Direction 9 CHAPTER 2: COST FORMULATION 10 2.1 Cost Functions in Prior Work 10 2.2 Preliminary Cost Formulation Findings 11 2.3 Chosen Cost Function 17 CHAPTER 3: ALGORITHM 25 3.1 Algorithm Overview 25 3.2 Sweep Direction 27 3.3 Trapezoidal Decomposition 30 3.4 Optimal Coverage for Each Region 35 3.5 Merge of Regions 35 3.6 Order of Traversal of Remaining Regions 42 3.7 Correctness of the Algorithm 43 CHAPTER 4: EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS 46 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION 59 Bibliography 61
The random walk hypothesis of the velocity of money: Some evidence from five EEC countries☆

Abstract This paper investigates the random-walk hypothesis of the velocity of money using quarterly data from five EEC countries. For all five countries, this hypothesis is not rejected by the data.
Changes in bacteria recoverable from subsurface volcanic rock samples during storage at 4°C

The abundance of viable microorganisms recovered from deep subsurface volcanic rock samples increased after rock perturbation and storage for 1 week at 4 degrees C, while the diversity and evenness of recoverable heterotrophic bacterial communities generally decreased. One sample of each morphologically distinct colony type, recovered both before and after storage of U12n rock samples, was purified and characterized by fatty acid methyl ester (MIDI) and API rapid NFT strips. As determined by MIDI cluster analysis, the composition of the recoverable microbial communities changed with storage of rock samples; some groups of organisms were recovered only before, only after, or at both sample times. In general, the isolates recovered only after storage of rock samples had a greater ability to utilize the carbohydrates included in API test strips and had faster generation times than isolates recovered only on initial plating. The nutritional versatility and faster growth rates of organisms recovered in higher proportions after sample storage provide evidence that some microbial community changes may be due to the proliferation of a few bacterial types. However, because some new genera are recovered only after storage, the possibility also exists that dormant bacterial types are resuscitated during sample perturbation and storage.
The American Congress Reader

The American Congress Reader provides a supplement to the popular and updated American Congress undergraduate textbook. By the same authors who drew upon Capitol Hill experience and nationally recognized scholarship to present a crisp introduction and analysis of Congress's inner mechanics, the Reader compiles the best relevant scholarship on party and committee systems, leadership, voting, and floor activity to broaden and illuminate the key features of the text.
Analytic Insights into Intermediate-Energy Hadron-Nucleus Scattering

Remarkable data exists for intermediate-energy hadron scattering from nuclei; however, the role of theory is not simply to fit that data but to understand it. Nuclear physics is not yet at a stage where the probe + A-body problem can be formulated and solved from first principles to calculate the scattering observables, and even if it could, the numerical complexity might well obscure the simplicity of the underlying physics. In recent years, much progress in fitting data has, in fact, been made in numerically calculating scattering observables by using optical-model approaches and exploiting the power of modern computers. But the underlying physics, the dominant role of the nuclear geometry, and the concomitant relationship among different reactions on the same target do not emerge simply from these calculations. To see all these features requires an analytic approach. Traditionally, physics has been willing to sacrifice some degree of detail and precision for analytic insight, particularly if the approximations involved were part of a systematic scheme with full control over errors. It is just such an analytic approach to intermediate-energy hadron-nucleus scattering that we outline here.
Host cell actin polymerization is required for cellular retention of Trypanosoma cruzi and early association with endosomal/lysosomal compartments.

Summary One of the hallmarks of Trypanosoma cruzi invasion of non-professional phagocytes is facilitation of the process by host cell actin depolymerization. Host cell entry by invasive T. cruzi trypomastigotes is accomplished by exploiting a cellular wound repair process involving Ca2+-regulated lysosome exocytosis (i.e. lysosome-dependent) or by engaging a recently recognized lysosome-independent pathway. It was originally postulated that cortical actin microfilaments present a barrier to lysosome-plasma membrane fusion and that transient actin depolymerization enhances T. cruzi entry by increasing access to the plasma membrane for lysosome fusion. Here we demonstrate that cytochalasin D treatment of host cells inhibits early lysosome association with invading T. cruzi trypomastigotes by uncoupling the cell penetration step from lysosome recruitment and/or fusion. These findings provide the first indication that lysosome-dependent T. cruzi entry is initiated by plasma membrane invagination similar to that observed for lysosome-independent entry. Furthermore, prolonged disruption of host cell actin microfilaments results in significant loss of internalized parasites from infected host cells. Thus, the ability of internalized trypomastigotes to remain cell-associated and to fuse with host cell lysosomes is critically dependent upon host cell actin reassembly, revealing an unanticipated role for cellular actin remodelling in the T. cruzi invasion process.
The Idea of the State

Part I. The Basic Idea: 1. The state as a structure of intelligibility Part II. Philosophical Foundations of the State: 2. Politics, prudence and philosophy 3. The post-Kantian convergence Part III. The Idea of the State: 4. The omnicompetent state: toleration and limited government 5. The absolute state: authority and resistance 6. The organic state: democracy and freedom Index.
Rabbit Serum Monoamine Oxidase: PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

A monoamine oxidase has been identified in rabbit serum and purified approximately 450-fold by a procedure involving fractionation with ammonium sulfate and adsorption on calcium phosphate. The purified enzyme has an absorption maximum at 470 mµ, which is decreased in the presence of substrate. It oxidizes primary amines with the stoichiometric formation of the corresponding aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia. Substrates most actively oxidized by the enzyme are substituted phenylethylamines (e.g. dopamine, tyramine, mescaline) and C-arylmethylamines. Less actively oxidized substrates include tryptamine, serotonin, histamine, and simple aliphatic amines. The effect of pH upon apparent Michaelis constants and maximal velocities of benzylamine oxidation has been studied. The results indicate that the protonated species of the amine interacts with the free enzyme and that this interaction is affected by an ionization (pKa 6.2) of the enzyme. An ionization (pKa 6.4 to 6.5) of the enzyme-substrate complex is a determinant of maximal velocities.
The burglar problem with multiple options

We consider the burglar problem in which a burglar can either retire or choose among different types of burglaries, with each type having its own success probability and reward distribution. Some general structural results are established and, in the case of exponentially distributed reward distributions, a solution technique is presented. The burglar problem's relationship to a stochastic knapsack problem with a random exponentially distributed knapsack capacity is shown. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 359–364, 2014
Probabilistic polynomial-time process calculus and security protocol analysis

Abstract: We describe properties of a process calculus that has been developed for the purpose of analyzing security protocols. The process calculus is a restricted form of p-calculus, with bounded replication and probabilistic polynomial-time expressions allowed in messages and boolean tests. To avoid problems expressing security in the presence of nondeterminism, messages are scheduled probabilistically instead of nondeterministically. We prove that evaluation may be completed in probabilistic polynomial time and develop properties of a form of asymptotic protocol equivalence that allows security to be speci£ed using observational equivalence, a standard relation from programming language theory that involves quantifying over possible environments that might interact with the protocol. We also relate process equivalence to cryptographic concepts such as pseudorandom number generators and polynomial-time statistical tests.
Proteolysis of very low density lipoprotein in perfused lung

Abstract Perfusion of homologous 125 I-labeled rat very low density lipoprotein through isolated rat lungs in the presence of heparin resulted in apoprotein proteolysis. At least the apoprotein C was degraded into two peptides smaller than 7500 daltons as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The lung uptake of radioactivity was small and due mainly to the presence of the larger of the two peptides. The lung protease was not active against an 125 I-labeled albumin substrate and was not released into the medium by heparin.
Close CSL algebras are similar

In 1972 Kadison and Kastler [12] asked whether two close von Neumann subalgebras of ~ ( J f ) are unitarily equivalent by a unitary close to the identity. This question was answered affirmatively for certain classes of von Neumann algebras in [5, 4, 6, 15]. The nonselfadjoint case was first considered by Lance who showed in [13] that close nest algebras are similar via a similarity which is close to the identity. For nest algebras, there is a close connection between the question of whether closeness of algebras implies similarity and the classification of nest algebras up to similarity: this connection may be seen in the papers [7] and [14] and we shall discuss it further in Remark 8 below. The desire to extend the classification of nest algebras to the class of reflexive algebras with commutative subspace lattice was one of the motivations for the work on perturbations of matrix algebras begun in [3] and continuing with perturbations of suboolean operator algebras in [8]. In [16], we proved that if ~ ' is a hyperreflexive CSL algebra whose lattice is atomic and satisfies a certain technical condition, then any other CSL algebra whose unit ball is sufficiently close to the unit ball of d has the property that ~ is similar to d . This result was extended in [9] to the class of all hyperreflexive CSL algebras whose lattice is completely distributive. The purpose of the present paper is to remove the hypothesis of hyperreflexivity and complete distributivity from the results described above. We show that the class of all CSL algebras is stable under small perturbations. In particular, we prove Theorem 6 below, which gives a complete answer to Problem 5 of the section entitled "Open Problems" of [11].
Environmental education bringing the outdoors in

Fostering an understanding and appreciation of the natural world should be one of the major goals of an early-childhood education program. This goal becomes increasingly important as the lives of young children tend to be more and more separate, or distant, from the world of nature. Most children spend relatively little time outdoors and have few opportunities to explore the world of nature. While children in early childhood programs should have quality time outdoors every day, they should also be given a wide variety of opportunities to learn about the natural world through the experiences they have while inside the classroom. Teachers can do many things to bring the outdoors in and, in the process, to make “learning about the natural environment” a more integral part of what children do and experience throughout the day.
Reducing multiple-use conflicts on public lands through experimental stewardship

Implementation of a consensus-based management and planning process on three pilot areas has reduced conflicts among interest groups. There are insufficient data to demonstrate biological improvement in range condition on the pilot areas at this time. Economic analysis indicates that recreation values exceed all other resource values in all three pilot areas.
3-bromopyruvate (3BP) a fast acting, promising, powerful, specific, and effective “small molecule” anti-cancer agent taken from labside to bedside: introduction to a special issue

Although the “Warburg effect”, i.e., elevated glucose metabolism to lactic acid (glycolysis) even in the presence of oxygen, has been recognized as the most common biochemical phenotype of cancer for over 80 years, its biochemical and genetic basis remained unknown for over 50 years. Work focused on elucidating the underlying mechanism(s) of the “Warburg effect” commenced in the author’s laboratory in 1969. By 1985 among the novel findings made two related most directly to the basis of the “Warburg effect”, the first that the mitochondrial content of tumors exhibiting this phenotype is markedly decreased relative to the tissue of origin, and the second that such mitochondria have markedly elevated amounts of the enzyme hexokinase-2 (HK2) bound to their outer membrane. HK2 is the first of a number of enzymes in cancer cells involved in metabolizing the sugar glucose to lactic acid. At its mitochondrial location HK2 binds at/near the protein VDAC (voltage dependent anion channel), escapes inhibition by its product glucose-6-phosphate, and gains access to mitochondrial produced ATP. As shown by others, it also helps immortalize cancer cells, i.e., prevents cell death. Based on these studies, the author’s laboratory commenced experiments to elucidate the gene basis for the overexpression of HK2 in cancer. These studies led to both the discovery of a unique HK2 promoter region markedly activated by both hypoxic conditions and moderately activated by several metabolites (e.g., glucose), Also discovered was the promoter’s regulation by epigenetic events (i.e., methylation, demethylation). Finally, the author’s laboratory turned to the most important objective. Could they selectively and completely destroy cancerous tumors in animals? This led to the discovery in an experiment conceived, designed, and conducted by Young Ko that the small molecule 3-bromopyruvate (3BP), the subject of this mini-review series, is an incredibly powerful and swift acting anticancer agent. Significantly, in subsequent experiments with rodents (19 animals with advanced cancer) Ko led a project in which 3BP was shown in a short treatment period to eradicate all (100%). Ko’s and co-author’s findings once published attracted global attention leading world-wide to many other studies and publications related to 3BP and its potent anti-cancer effect. This Issue of the Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes (JOBB 44-1) captures only a sampling of research conducted to date on 3BP as an anticancer agent, and includes also a Case Report on the first human patient known to the author to be treated with specially formulated 3BP. Suffice it to say in this bottom line, “3BP, a small molecule, results in a remarkable therapeutic effect when it comes to treating cancers exhibiting a “Warburg effect”. This includes most cancer types.
Validation of noninvasive hemoglobin measurements using the Masimo Radical-7 SpHb Station

BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin levels must be obtained through blood draws, which are invasive, time-consuming, and provide only 1 data point at a time rather than continuous measurements. The Masimo Radical-7 SpHb Station (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA) has been shown by its manufacturers to provide accurate noninvasive hemoglobin measurements in physiologically normal patients. The objective of this study was to validate noninvasive hemoglobin measurements using the Masimo Radical-7 device. METHODS: Data were prospectively collected in 2 cohorts of patients: major operations requiring hemodynamic monitoring (operating room [OR]) and critically ill patients (intensive care unit [ICU]). Noninvasive hemoglobin measurements (SpHb) were recorded and were then compared with laboratory hemoglobin measurements. RESULTS: Data were collected on 60 patients (OR = 25 and ICU = 45). The overall correlation of the Masimo SpHb and the laboratory Hb was .77 (P < .001) in the OR group with a mean difference of .29 g/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], .08-.49). The overall correlation in the ICU group was .67 (P < .001) with a mean difference of .05 g/dL (95% CI, -.22 to -.31). CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring is a new technology that correlated with laboratory values and supports the continued study of noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring.
The roots of psychopathology and our theories of development.

Developmental theory itself is in a state of development with the availability of a flood of new information from many sources. Psychoanalytic developmental theory has expanded and is confronting issues of how to explain health as well as psychopathology. The early and complex reciprocal relationship between infant and mother provides many opportunities for development to go awry, but also enables the well-informed clinician to intervene constructively. In this brief overview, the relative influences of mother, father and infant are considered in the context of the emergence of the psychological relationship from the biological one. Also considered is the influence on therapeutic optimism of the particular developmental view held.
Intermittency in multiparticle production at ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions

Abstract Scaled factorial moments were calculated for multiplicity distributions in the pseudorapidity intervals of secondary particles produced by the interactions of 16O beams at 60 and 200 GeV/n, 32S at 200 GeV/n and protons at 800 GeV/c in nuclear emulsion. The extracted moments exhibit a power-law dependence on the pseudorapidity bin size, which is consistent with intermittent behavior. At a given incident energy, the intermittency strength decreases with the increase in multiplicity.
Beyond the Self-expressive Creative Worker An Industry Perspective on Entertainment Media

Evidence from industry reports, labor union data, and interviews with producers and union officials indicates that while the demand for media products and the number of productions continues to rise, much of the increase in demand is in low-budget features and extremely low-budget production for cable networks. In this production environment, the conglomerates are pressuring producers to reduce labor costs and produce a larger number of low-cost products. Producers are using various strategies to reduce costs, including requiring more flexibility from the production workforce with respect to the length of workdays and working conditions. This article examines how production trends, influenced by conglomerate domination of production and distribution, are affecting the media workforce. In particular I look at three tendencies. The first is a widening split between core workers and peripheral workers employed in industry projects. The second is a change in professional and craft identities as a result of te...
Do sound levels and space contribute to agitation in nursing home residents with dementia

Individuals with dementia living in nursing homes may be exposed to non-therapeutic levels of sound. There is insufficient research examining the relationship between sound levels, personal space, and agitation in people with dementia. Using an observational designed study, 53 participants from four southeastern Wisconsin nursing homes were observed; data on sound levels, space, and agitation levels were obtained. Sound was a significant predictor of agitation. The accumulation of sound predicted agitated behavior and explained 16% of the variance, F(5, 47) = 4.520, p < 0.002, and adjusted R(2) = 0.253. The findings suggest agitation may be a clue that sound in the environment is causing stress for residents with dementia.
EFFECT OF TORQUE CHANGES UPON A TWO-HAND COORDINATION TASK

The results of a recent series of studies ( 1, 2, 3 ) indicated that speed of rotation of a single crank control primarily depended upon present rather than past work loadings of the task. It would be desirable to know if there are, similarly, only slight transfer effects when work load shifts are made in more complex perceptual-motor situations. The present study was initiated to determine whether performance on a tracking task is influenced by loading demands during earlier training periods. METHOD Groups.-26 Ss selected from a military population were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group I was required to overcome 2 Ib. of coulomb friction on each control crank during original practice (OP) and 14 lb. of friction during the transfer phase. The sequence of force conditions was reversed for Group 11. Apparatus.-The task consisted of tracking a slowly moving dot on the face of a cathode ray oscilloscope. S governed movement of a target follower, a circle, by means of two 2-in. control cranks. An electromagnetic brake coupled to the shaft of each crank determined the amount of force necessary to produce rotation. A detailed description of the apparatus has been provided i n previous articles (4, 5 ) . Procedure.-During OP each S was given 8 practice series. A I-min. rest was given between each series except for a M-hr. rest benveen [he fourth and fifth series. Each series consisted of 8 tracking trials during which the target moved for 139 mlrnin. and was off the display for 363 mlmin. During OP, cherefore, each S had 64 training trials which totalled about 9 min. of actual work. The remmnder of the 1-hr. period of OP was used as rest time. After the last practice series, each S had another 30-min. rest and then feturned to the task with the changed torque condition without any additional instructlons. He was given 4 series during the transfer period. RESULTS A time-on-target score was recorded during each trial. The 16 means of each group, 1 from each of the 8 trial series, were computed and used to analyze and depict performance changes. The results are illusuated in Fig. 1. A Type I mixed design analysis of variance (7) was used to evaluate differences in performance during OP. From previous studies and general understanding of the task, it was anticipated that during OP the only meaningful difference wouldbe for Group I to obtain higher scores than Group 11. A one-tailed test was used. The null hypothesis could be rejected at the 5 % level (F = 3.15, df 1/24; or t = 1.78, df = 24) and it was concluded that Group I performed at a higher level of proficiency on this task than Group I1 during OP. Also, as might be expected, the Series (learning) effect was reliable (F = 27.97,
Coated silicon-wedge beam splitter for the division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter (DOAP) at 1.55 µm wavelength

A 16° Si-wedge beam splitter for the DOAP at 1.55µm wavelength is presented. A 163-nm SiO2 coating achieves 90° phase difference in reflection and transmission at 73° incidence, and the determinant of the instrument matrix is 0.78 of its theoretical maximum. The exit face is antireflection-coated with 208-nm Si3N4 film.
Very large methane jet diffusion flames

Methane jet diffusion flames with heat release rates approaching 500 MW in both subsonic and supercritical configurations have been studied regarding lift-off height and flame height and absolute flame stability. Lift-off heights are in line with small scale literature results, i.e., most of the data exhibit an Lp/Ue value between 2.5 and 5 ms. Lf is the lift-off height and for the choked situation Ue, is the resulting velocity at the exit diameter De after a hypothetical isentropic expansion through a converging-diverging nozzle to atmospheric pressure. Although the ratio of flame height to actual orifice diameter approached 600 in the supercritical regime, the correlated data are suggestive of relatively similar flame heights (Hf) to those obtained at laboratory scale, (Hf−Lf)/De approximately equal to 200. Flames from orifices up to D=38 mm could be blown off with sufficient gas pressure. For D=45 mm the flame could not be blown off for stagnation pressures as high as 3400 kPa. Data from tests at 38 mm and smaller diameters allow an accurate extrapolation, for defining a stability envelope, leading to a predicted critical orifice size of 42 mm for absolute flame stability for CH4. Failure to sustain ignition of gas from a 1 mm diameter aperture in a reservoir at 12,000 kPa is consistent with the shape of the upper portion of the locus of the derived stability curve.
EFFECT OF HYPERPHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF STEROID HORMONES ON NICOTINAMIDE DEAMIDASE AND NAD SYNTHESIS IN MOUSE LIVER TISSUE.

Abstract The daily administration of a hyperphysiological, nontoxic level (10 mg/kg) of hexestrol to mice, for 6 consecutive days, progressively lowered the capacity of hepatic tissue to synthesize NAD upon nicotinamide challenge. The degree of inhibition of NAD synthesis was correlated with a decrease in the nicotinamide deamidase activity of the tissue. Hepatic nicotinamide deamidase activity was also lowered by equimolar amounts of dienestrol, diethylstilbestrol, estradiol-17β, estrone, estriol, cortisone, and hydrocortisone. All the compounds that decreased the hepatic nicotinamide deamidase also lowered the capacity of hepatic tissue to synthesize NAD upon nicotinamide challenge.
Image cellular complexes, morphological operators, and skeletonization

The most common form for representing digital images is the rectangular matrix where each member of the matrix is a picture element. In a small neighborhood of the image plane, there is a finite number of elements and so a topology of finite sets is needed for digital images. The concepts of digital topology provide for finite sets, but they are not perfect solutions. Problems exist in the connectivity definitions for the object and the background and in the fact that boundaries can be represented by four different sets which are either inner or outer connected and either four or eight connected.
Multidimensional measure for gastroesophageal reflux disease (MM-GERD) symptoms in children: a population-based study

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms are very common in children with major presenting symptoms of abdominal pain, heartburn and regurgitation. The presence of GERD symptoms often result in an impaired health-related quality of life for both the patients and their parents. Evaluation of children with GERD symptoms continues to challenge physicians due to the lack of a validated measure for GERD symptoms. Aims: To develop and test a multidimensional measure for GERD symptoms in children and to evaluate the responses of the measure among children attending pediatric gastroenterology (GI) clinics. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study that enrolled children with GERD symptoms from pediatric GI clinic. All children and parents received a standardized questionnaire concerning socio-economic parameters, GERD symptoms, duration, frequency, intensity and missed activities due to GERD symptoms. Each child and parent pair was interviewed by a physician to complete baseline information for the multidimensional measure that consisted of four scales: symptoms scale (10 items), pain intensity scale (3 items); disability scale (3 items) and satisfaction scale (2 items). Results: One hundred and thirty-three children participated in the study; 59% girls, ages 4 to 18 years, mean age = 10 ± 3, 50%, 10 years and younger. There was an excellent correlation between the four-scales measure among children 7 years and younger (R = 0.70, p = 0.0001) and children >7 years (R = 0.74, p = 0.0001). The inter-item consistency (Cronbach's co-efficient alpha) for the symptoms items, pain intensity items, disability items and satisfaction items were 0.71, 0.74, 0.78 and 0.60, respectively, demonstrating adequate reliability of the measure. Conclusion: Children with GERD symptoms have good responses to the multidimensional measure for GERD symptoms, showing that the measure performed well across populations. The measure is reliable and specific for assessing the symptoms of GERD in children and is an appropriate outcomes measure for clinical trials involving GERD symptoms in children.
Studies on the disaggregation of bovine, canine, and ovine α-crystallins

Abstract 1. 1. Bovine, ovine, and canine α-crystallins have been found to disaggregate at p H values at and above 8-2. 2. 2. The reaction is irreversible and time-dependent, with eventual production of a stable 14 S component resulting from exposure to alkali. 3. 3. Urea, guanidine-HCl, and sodium dodecyi sulphate (SDS) caused disaggregation, but the effects of guanidine-HCl were reversible under certain conditions of p H. 4. 4. At alkaline p H's, disaggregation by the above agents was completely irreversible, while at p H's 7 and 4 almost complete reversal occurred. 5. 5. Addition of disaggregating agents with subsequent removal by dialysis resulted in lowered electrophoretic mobilities in urea and guanidine-HCl, but enhanced mobilities following SDS treatment.
Subacute spinal subdural hematoma after spontaneous resolution of cranial subdural hematoma: causal relationship or coincidence? Case report.

✓ The etiopathogenesis of traumatic spinal subdural hematoma (SSH) is uncertain. Unlike the supratentorial subdural space, no bridging veins traverse the spinal subdural space. The authors describe a case of subacute SSH that occurred after spontaneous resolution of traumatic intracranial SDH and suggest a causal relationship between the two. A 23-year-old woman suffered an acute intracranial SDH after a snowboarding accident. There was no clinical or radiological evidence of spine injury. Conservative management of the supratentorial SDH resulted in spontaneous radiologically documented resolution with redistribution of blood in the subdural space. Four days after the injury, the patient started noticing new onset of mild low-back pain. The pain progressively worsened. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine 10 days after the original injury revealed a large L4—S2 SDH. Ten days after the original injury, bilateral L5—S1 laminotomy and drainage of the subacute spinal SDH were performed. The pa...
Validation of clinical prediction scores in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage.

Initial reports of the FUNC score suggest that it may accurately identify those patients suffering from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with an ultra low chance of functional neurologic recovery. This study’s aim is to validate the FUNC score and determine if it accurately identifies the cohort of patients with an ultra low chance of survival with good neurologic recovery. Retrospective review of 501 consecutive primary ICH patients admitted from the Emergency Department to a large healthcare system. Performance of the FUNC, ICH-GS, and oICH scores was determined by calculating areas under the receiver-operator-characteristic curves. Patients with a predicted 100 % chance of poor neurologic outcome (PNO) (FUNC 10) scores were evaluated to determine if DNR impacted 90 day survival or rate of survival with a Glasgow Outcome Score of <3. In 366 cases of primary ICH who presented during the study period, 222(61 %) survived to discharge. Both the FUNC (AUC: 0.873) and ICH-GS (AUC: 0.888) outperformed the oICH (AUC: 0.743) in predicting 90-day mortality (p = <0.001). Of 68 patients with a FUNC score <4, 67 (98.5 %) had PNO at discharge. The presence of DNR was not associated with a significant difference in the rate of PNO at discharge (40/40 = 100 % vs. 27/28 = 96.4 % p = 0.42) or 90-day mortality (40/40 = 100 % vs. 21/28 = 75 %, p = 0.06). The FUNC and ICH-GS appear superior to the oICH in predicting outcome in patients with primary ICH. In addition, the FUNC score appears to accurately identify patients with low chance of functional neurologic recovery at discharge.
Discrete dipole approximation for calculating extinction and Raman intensities for small particles with arbitrary shapes

We present a discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method to determine extinction and Raman intensities for small metal particles of arbitrary shape. The Raman intensity calculation involves evaluation of surface electromagnetic fields, and thus is relevant to surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensities. We demonstrate convergence of the method by considering light absorption and scattering from an isolated spheroid, from an isolated tetrahedron, from two coupled spheroids, and from a spheroid on a flat surface. We also examine comparisons with traditional T‐matrix methods. Extensions and simplifications of the method in studies of clusters and arrays of particles are presented.