cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The importance of quartz in stone artefact assemblages: A technological analysis of five Aboriginal sites of the Coonabarabran/Warrumbungle region

This thesis analyses a stone assemblage with a large quartz component spanning 20,000 years from the Late Pleistocene to contact time from the Coonabarabran/Warrumbungle region of northwestern NSW. Attributes applicable to quartz could be identified and linked to human behaviour, which was seen to vary over time. In addition, spatial variation in five stone assemblages from the study area, was analysed. Results from both analyses showed that there were some signs of human behaviour present in the quartz portion of the assemblages that were not present in the fine-grained portion and vice versa. This research addressed some of the practical difficulties faced by archaeologists analysing quartz artefacts. These problems are generally well known to archaeologists. Many stone artefact assemblages in Australia and indeed around the world, contain large percentages of these types of artefacts. The problems archaeologists experience with quartz assemblages begin initially with the recognition of quartz artefacts as genuine artefacts. Following that is the difficulty of finding attributes that can be used for analysing whole assemblages regardless of the raw material present. The main attributes used in conventional methods of assessing artefact technology are seldom found in quartz. These difficulties have been instrumental in leading many 'researchers in the past to analyse only the fine grained artefacts in assemblages. Fine-grained artefacts were made of flint, chert, jasper, mudstone, chalcedony or any other microcrystalline stone. Due to the infrequent analysis of quartz, the technology of quartz artefacts is poorly known in Australia and in many other parts of the world. This research suggests that the difficulties associated with the analysis of quartz may be overcome by selecting a range of technological attributes that can be compared with other raw materials. Selected attributes are tested in this thesis in order to determine whether leaving out the quartz portion of an assemblage would result in missing important aspects of Aboriginal behaviour. In this manner, the relative importance of quartz in assemblages could be assessed. This thesis documents the importance of quartz in the Coonabarabran/Warrumbungle region as well as in a wider Australian context. As the technology of quartz is currently poorly known in Australia and the world, these findings will help researchers to better understand the importance of quartz to prehistoric knappers.
English Bilingual Education in China

This paper addresses theoretical and pedagogical issues of English Chinese bilingual education in China by exploring the new phenomena where English is used as the medium of instruction among nativ...
Abstract 1858: Inhibition of oral carcinogenesis in rats by the histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA)

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; N-hydroxy-N′-phenyl-octanediamide; vorinostat) is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation, inducer of cellular differentiation, and inducer of apoptosis in cancer cells. The anticancer action of SAHA is likely to result from its activity as an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, which mediates alterations in the expression of cancer-associated genes. SAHA has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of carcinogenesis in animal models for breast, lung, and colon cancer; the present study was performed to evaluate the activity of SAHA as an inhibitor of oral carcinogenesis. Squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue were induced in male F344 rats by administration of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO; 20 ppm) in the drinking water for 10 weeks. After completion of NQO administration, rats were randomized into groups of 25 and received either unsupplemented basal diet (dietary control); basal diet supplemented with SAHA (500 mg/kg diet); or basal diet supplemented with SAHA (1000 mg/kg diet). All experimental diets were fed continuously until the end of the study at week 26. Dietary administration of SAHA induced a dose-related reduction in oral cancer incidence (64% and 29% in the low and high dose groups, respectively, versus 80% in the dietary control group; p < 0.01). In addition, the high dose of SAHA increased the percentage of animals without any evidence of oral pathology from 4% in dietary controls to 25% (p < 0.05). In addition to its effects on cancer incidence, SAHA reduced the invasiveness of induced oral cancers in NQO-treated rats: whereas 60% of rats in the dietary control group demonstrated advanced oral cancers (invasion scores of +3 or +4), advanced cancers were seen in 40% and 25% of rats fed the low and high doses of SAHA, respectively (p < 0.05 for high dose). SAHA increased the incidence of squamous epithelial hyperplasia (28% and 38% in low and high dose groups, respectively, versus 16% in dietary controls; p < 0.05 for high dose). This effect suggests that SAHA prevented the progression of hyperplastic lesions into invasive oral cancers. SAHA also prevented the body weight loss that is commonly seen in this model in animals with advanced oral cancer. These data demonstrate SAHA is a potent inhibitor of carcinogen-induced squamous cell carcinoma in rats, and suggest that inhibitors of histone deacetylase should be considered for further development as inhibitors of oral cancer development. (Supported by N01-CN-25113 from the NCI.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1858. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1858
The sulfites: Part I.

Use of Injectable Epinephrine Containing Sulfite in Patients with Severe Urticarla and Anaphylaxis Due to Sulfites.
Prenatal diagnosis of metabolic disease

Early detection of metabolic disease affords the possibility of the best possible outcome for affected infants. Prenatal diagnostic capabilities allow for the institution of prenatal therapy, when indicated, and postnatal optimal management. Special formulas, supplemental nutritional therapies, and avoidance of dangerous substrates can be begun in the delivery room, if the affected status of the patient is known. Such therapies are the current mainstay of treatment of inborn errors of metabolism. Earliest possible institution of these therapies allows hope for the best possible outcome for affected infants.
Hydraulic Conductivity in Sugarcane Clones as Related to Resistance to Ratoon Stunting Disease

Hydraulic conductivity in sugarcane stalks was measured by gravitational flow of water through nodes 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 from the soil line. A mature stalk was taken from plants of six clones, CP 53-1, CP 72-1210, CP 65-357, CP 70-1133, CP 72-2086, and H 60-6909. Nine noninfected plants and nine plants infected with Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli were sampled. No correlation (P > 0.05, null hypothesis: slope =0) was observed between yield loss estimates obtained in single-stool yield trials during the 1983 and 1984 growing seasons (JL Dean and MJ Davis, unpublished data) and mean conductivity of nodes of either noninfected (r = 0.75) or infected (r = 0.40) clones. However, a high correlation (P > 0.0025, r = 0.96) was observed when yield loss and reduction in conductivity were compared.
Displacive Transformation Mechanisms in Zirconia Ceramics and Other Non-Metals

Phase transformation mechanisms in a variety of non-metals can be studied from the point of view of structural aspects and nucleation, and compared with metallurgical classification schemes.(1–3) In a “reconstructive” transformation first coordination bonds or nearest-neighbor interactions are broken and remade when converting to a new structure. Such processes require a high activation energy and are usually slow and sluggish. They proceed by thermally-activated growth across an interface. “Displacive” transformations on the other hand, involve no rupture of first cordinations, but merely a distortion of the crystal lattice. The activation energy is much lower and the kinetics are fast. Displacive transformations are not necessarily martensitic. This has been a frequent source of confusion, evident in the literature. Martensitic transformations are a subset of displacive transformations.(2) A martensitic mechanism is a “lattice-distortive, virtually diffusionless structure change having a dominant deviatoric component and associated shape change, such that strain energy dominates the kinetics and morphology during the transformation.”(2)
“Hiatus in MS”: Swift and Beckett

In 1969, when relevancy was a litmus test, Denis Donoghue cautioned against “our tendency to read Swift as if he were Samuel Beckett.”2 The date of Donoghue’s warning is not surprising. But the comparisons did not go away. Critics of both eighteenth- and twentieth-century literature have for 30 years alluded to the affinities between Swift and Beckett. To pick two examples among many: C. J. Rawson observes that Swift’s characters are similar to “Beckettian heroes, whose minds and lives are trapped in those very prisons of the self which Swift mocked”; and Harold Bloom describes Beckett as “much the legitimate descendant of Swift as he is of his friend, James Joyce.”3 Allusions in both directions, however, almost invariably resemble those of Rawson and Bloom — little more than quick, undeveloped noting of general affinities. Such allusions tend to stereotype the two writers, turning Swift into an existentialist and Beckett into a misanthrope. I do not find this very helpful.
Assessing sustainability benefits of cybermanufacturing systems

Confronted with growing sustainability awareness, mounting environmental pressure, manufacturers are seriously striving to address sustainability-related issues without sacrificing customers’ needs and market competitiveness. A new manufacturing system called cybermanufacturing system (CMS) has great potential in addressing sustainability issues by handling manufacturing tasks differently from and better than traditional manufacturing systems. CMS is a vision for future manufacturing where physical components are fully integrated and seamlessly networked with computational processes, forming an on-demand, intelligent, and communicative manufacturing resource and capability repository with optimal, sustainability-oriented manufacturing solutions. The recent developments in the Internet of things, cloud computing, fog computing, service-oriented technologies, etc., all contributed to the development of CMS. In this new manufacturing paradigm, every manufacturing resource or capability is digitalized, registered, and networked to each other directly or through the Internet, thus enabling intelligent behaviors of manufacturing components and systems such as self-awareness, self-prediction, self-optimization, and self-configuration, among others. In this research, a comprehensive definition of CMS has been developed, a suggested architecture of CMS has been constructed, and important functions of CMS have been identified. Simulation models have been developed and used to investigate the sustainability benefits of CMS. The simulation results show promising sustainability benefits of CMS over traditional manufacturing systems.
Trait liabilities and specific promotive processes in psychopathology: the example of suicidal behavior

BACKGROUND: The RDoC matrix framework calls for investigation of mental health problems through analysis of core biobehavioral processes quantified and studied across multiple domains of measurement. Critics have raised concerns about RDoC, including overemphasis on biological concepts/measures and disregard for the principle of multifinality, which holds that identical biological predispositions can give rise to differing behavioral outcomes. The current work illustrates an ontogenetic process approach to addressing these concerns, focusing on biobehavioral traits corresponding to RDoC constructs as predictors, and suicidal behavior as the outcome variable. METHOD: Data were collected from a young adult sample (N=105), preselected to enhance rates of suicidality. Participants completed self-report measures of traits (threat sensitivity, response inhibition) and suicide-specific processes. RESULTS: We show that previously reported associations of traits of threat sensitivity and weak inhibitory control with suicidal behavior are mediated by more specific suicide-promoting processes-namely, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and capability for suicide. LIMITATIONS: The sample was relatively small and the data were cross-sectional, limiting conclusions that can be drawn from the mediation analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Given prior research documenting neurophysiological as well as psychological bases to these trait dispositions, the current work sets the stage for an intensive RDoC-oriented investigation of suicidal tendencies in which both traits and suicide-promoting processes are quantified using indicators from different domains of measurement. More broadly, this work illustrates how an RDoC research approach can contribute to a nuanced understanding of specific clinical problems, through consideration of how general biobehavioral liabilities interface with distinct problem-promoting processes.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Language: en
No Impact of Postremission Consolidation Chemotherapy Before Allogeneic Transplant in Patients with First Remission Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Intermediate or High Risk Cytogenetics.

Despite a lack of evidence that postremission consolidation chemotherapy improves outcome of allogeneic transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first remission, high dose cytarabine and other regimens are commonly administered to these patients. We studied a consecutive cohort of 73 adult patients with AML at high risk of relapse by published criteria who underwent allogeneic transplantation in first remision to determine whether specific patient and treatment characteristics identified subgroups of patients who might benefit from consolidation therapy prior to allogeneic transplantation. Pretransplant cytogenetics were available for 56 patients. Transplantation occurred between 1988 and 2008. The primary analysis grouped patients according to cytogenetic risk (poor versus intermediate) and consolidation chemotherapy (yes versus no). | | Consolidation Chemotherapy | No Consolidation Chemotherapy | |:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:| -------------------------- | ----------------------------- | | None of the measured outcomes (relapse mortality (RM), non-relapse mortality (NRM), overall survival (OS)) differed significantly between groups. | | Poor Risk Cytogenetics | 9 | 13 | | Intermediate Risk | | | | | 18 | 16 | | Cytogenetics | | | | P Values for Consolidation Versus No Consolidation by Cytogenetic Risk | |:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:| ---------------------- | | | Poor Risk Cytogenetics | Intermediate Risk Cytogenetics | | When cytogenetic risk was not stratified the results between consolidation and no consolidation were also not significant. | | RM | 0.95 | 0.74 | | NRM | 0.73 | 0.19 | | OS | 0.77 | 0.21 | | P Values for Consolidation Versus No Consolidation | |:--------------------------------------------------:| ---- | | RM | 0.70 | | NRM | 0.12 | | OS | 0.14 | Neither this study nor others provide evidence that consolidation chemotherapy is beneficial to all patients with AML in first remission who undergo allogeneic transplant or to cytogenetic subgroups. Delays in referral to a transplant center, in tissue typing or physician preference to administer consolidation chemotherapy are not justified and expose patients to the inconvenience, risk, and cost of unnecessary treatment. Clinicians should avoid consolidation chemotherapy and expedite allogeneic transplantion in patients with AML in first remission in whom transplantation is the preferred treatment.
Anesthesia for Burned Patients

Abstract Anesthetic management of the patient with major burn injuries presents numerous challenges. During the acute resuscitation phase, massive crystalloid infusions may be required. Anatomical distortions make airway management and vascular access difficult. With time, pathophysiological changes in cardiovascular function range from initial hypovolemia and impaired perfusion to a hyperdynamic circulation and hypermetabolic state. Pharmacological support of the circulation may be needed. These and other changes profoundly alter response to anesthetic drugs. Effective anesthetic management will depend on knowledge of the continuum of pathophysiological changes, technical skills, proper planning, and availability of proper resources. A team approach is necessary, keeping in mind that perioperative management not only depends on the surgical plan, but also should be compatible with ICU management and goals. This requires close communication with other members of the burn care team, which is one of the most important principles of effective anesthetic management of these challenging patients.
Research Methods in Procedural Justice

The study of procedural justice phenomena has used a variety of research methods: laboratory experiments, scenario studies, field experiments, field studies, and surveys. In this chapter we will discuss each of these methods and consider their strengths and weaknesses. Especially in recent years, procedural justice research has used many different research methods. The diversity of methods allows research to compensate for the weaknesses inherent in any one method with the strengths of other methods. Where the findings of studies using different methods converge we can be certain that the phenomena discovered are not artifacts of any particular research method. Such convergence of findings from different research methods has occurred with respect to some of the most important discoveries of procedural justice research.
CR-39 (PADC) Reflection and Transmission of Light in the Ultraviolet-Near-Infrared (UV-NIR) Range.

The spectral reflection (specular and diffuse) and transmission of Columbia Resin 39 (CR-39) were measured for incoherent light with wavelengths in the range of 200–2500 nm. These results will be o...
Impact of a Primary Care CKD Registry in a US Public Safety-Net Health Care Delivery System: A Pragmatic Randomized Trial.

Background Many individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) do not receive guideline-concordant care. We examined the impact of a team-based primary care CKD registry on clinical measures and processes of care among patients with CKD cared for in a public safety-net health care delivery system. Study Design Pragmatic trial of a CKD registry versus a usual-care registry for 1 year. Setting & Participants Primary care providers (PCPs) and their patients with CKD in a safety-net primary care setting in San Francisco. Intervention The CKD registry identified at point of care all patients with CKD, those with blood pressure (BP)>140/90mmHg, those without angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) prescription, and those without albuminuria quantification in the past year. It also provided quarterly feedback pertinent to these metrics to promote "outreach" to patients with CKD. The usual-care registry provided point-of-care cancer screening and immunization data. Outcomes Changes in systolic BP at 12 months (primary outcome), proportion of patients with BP control, prescription of ACE inhibitors/ARBs, quantification of albuminuria, severity of albuminuria, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Results The patient population (n=746) had a mean age of 56.7±12.1 (standard deviation) years, was 53% women, and was diverse (8% non-Hispanic white, 35.7% black, 24.5% Hispanic, and 24.4% Asian). Randomization to the CKD registry (30 PCPs, 285 patients) versus the usual-care registry (49 PCPs, 461 patients) was associated with 2-fold greater odds of ACE inhibitor/ARB prescription (adjusted OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.45-3.49) and albuminuria quantification (adjusted OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.38-4.29) during the 1-year study period. Randomization to the CKD registry was not associated with changes in systolic BP, proportion of patients with uncontrolled BP, or degree of albuminuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate. Limitations Potential misclassification of CKD; missing baseline medication data; limited to study of a public safety-net health care system. Conclusions A team-based safety-net primary care CKD registry did not improve BP parameters, but led to greater albuminuria quantification and more ACE inhibitor/ARB prescriptions after 1 year. Adoption of team-based CKD registries may represent an important step in translating evidence into practice for CKD management.
Postirradiation examination results of several metallic fuel alloys and forms from low burnup AFC irradiations

Abstract Several different U based metallic nuclear fuel alloys and forms were irradiated as part of the Advanced Fuels Campaign (AFC) series of irradiation experiments. Results from postirradiation examinations of the AFC-3A and AFC-3B are presented here. In this irradiation, U alloyed with Mo, Zr, and Zr with Pd were investigated. Different geometric forms (solid, annular), smear densities and bonding media (sodium, helium) were also irradiated and evaluated. All fuel forms were irradiated in ferritic-martensitic HT-9 cladding. Examination of the irradiated fuel included neutron radiography, evaluation of the distribution of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides, dimensional inspection, fission gas release analysis, optical microscopy, and chemical analysis. No in-pile failure was observed with this fuel. Neutron radiography, gamma spectrometry, and dimensional inspections indicated the fuel largely performed acceptably. Optical microscopy revealed significant fuel-cladding interaction between the Mo based alloys and the cladding. The Zr based alloys generally performed better although some forms revealed behaviors that present specific fabrication challenges such as tighter fabrication tolerances that will need to be better controlled to match historical U-Zr fuel performance. The addition of Pd as an additive to prevent fuel cladding chemical interaction (FCCI) also appears to present some challenges to fuel performance.
Central Simple Algebras

In the first two chapters we studied rings and modules. Many of the important examples we studied, such as polynomial rings, matrix rings, group rings and the quaternions, have additional structure we have been ignoring; namely, they are modules as well as rings, and the ring multiplication is compatible with the module multiplication. Thus, these objects are algebras (for definitions and basic properties concerning algebras, see Chapter 0). We now wish to exploit this additional structure in order to learn more about these and other examples.
Mathematical modeling in diffractive optics

Diffractive optics is an emerging technology with many practical applications. Some of the applications and the need for mathematical modeling underlying them were discussed in two previous presentations by Allen Cox (from Honeywell Technology Center) as reported in [1; Chap. 22] and [2; Chap. 5]. One of the most elementary applications is replacing conventional lens by diffractive gratings which are produced by interference fringes on holographic plates. Other applications include nonreflective interface (called moth-eye grating), beam splitters, sensors, and variety of corrective lenses.
Abstract P402: Association Between Post-stroke Disability and 5-year Hip-fracture Risk: the Women’s Health Initiative

Background: Hip fractures are a significant post-stroke complication. While studies have shown an increased incidence of hip fractures post-stroke, the relationship between stroke-related disabilit...
Abstract 114: Myocardial B Cells Regulate the Composition of Leukocytes in the Heart as Well as Myocardial Growth

Background: B cells are the second most prevalent leukocyte in the murine naive heart. However, since current models state that B cells continually recirculate between primary and secondary lymphoi...
Threshold J/ψ Photoproduction with GlueX at Jefferson Lab

The GlueX experiment uses a tagged-photon beam produced by electrons from the 12 GeV CEBAF machine. The detector system is based on a 2 T solenoid and includes electro-magnetic calorimeters and drift chambers providing full acceptance coverage. The J/ψ particles are registered by their decay into e^+e^− pairs identified in the calorimeters. Taking advantage of the exclusivity of the reaction and the precise knowledge of the beam energy, we achieve a high mass resolution and a very low background, allowing us to perform a more sensitive unbinned analysis.
Potential Use of First Years Inventory to Differentiate Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) From Other Developmental Delays Within the First Two Years of Life

Date Presented 04/06/19 The current study aims to examine the utility of the First Years Inventory, a parent-report screener for early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as a potential tool for distinguishing ASD from other developmental delays. Despite being rarely addressed by previous studies in the field, the differentiation between these two outcome groups is critical for practitioners to be able to provide targeted interventions. Our findings suggest promising predictive validity for young infants. Primary Author and Speaker: Yun-Ju Chen Contributing Authors: John Sideris, Grace Baranek
Bargaining with the Devil: University of Kentucky's Innovative and Rational Approach to Funding All Student Housing on Campus Through Public-Private Partnerships in a Limited Fiscal and Political Environment

This is a seminar paper that I wrote about University of Kentucky privatizing their on-campus housing. I have uploaded it to allow others to review my research and analysis.The recent public-private partnership between University of Kentucky and the Education Realty Trust presents a new application to funding capital projects within Higher Education. In this partnership, Education Realty Trust will build, own and maintain all student housing on campus for 50 to 75 years. This concept of fully outsourcing student housing on campus is a first-of-its-kind and, accordingly, presents unresolved questions. This paper aims use the University of Kentucky housing deal as a guidepost to discuss the viability of this public-private partnership model for on-campus student housing. After explaining the state and private sectors’ funding mechanisms and surveying potential legal and financial roadblocks, this paper puts forth that this funding model is an innovative and successful model for funding capital projects within Higher Education.
Critical Culturally Relevant Synergism in Higher Education: Equitable Educational Experiences Through Neuroscientific Curricula

Educators in higher education around the world are engaging rapidly diversifying educational settings, where underserved, transnational students, with racial and differing backgrounds are not receiving equitable post-secondary education experiences. When educationalists in these multicultural schools appreciate neuroscientific models of the mind and emotions, they may begin to construct critical culturally relevant pedagogies and opportunities for students to achieve unbiased treatment that generate synergism. This chapter argues that incorporating the emotions of culturally diverse students as pedagogical resources will facilitate improved academic performance, socio-emotional intelligence, and brain development. Specifically, we will show how critical culturally relevant pedagogies that utilize a student’s daily life experiences are highly effective in stimulating the brain’s emotional centers. As a result, through engaging pedagogical praxis, stimulating intellectual motivations, and developing socio-emotional aptitude curriculum can empower students to be historical agents in an ever-challenging and diversifying world.
The Effect of Strontium Content on the Activity and Selectivity of Sr-Doped La2O3 Catalysts in Oxidative Coupling of Methane

Abstract Thirty-five doped and undoped rare earth oxide catalysts were synthesized and tested under identical conditions for the oxidative coupling of methane. While La2O3 was found to be the most active, La2O3 doped with Sr was found to be the most selective. High resolution low energy ion scattering (HR-LEIS) showed that doping with Sr above 2 mole % led to migration of Sr to the surface of the catalyst producing surface (Sr/La) ratios of 2.7 – 4.4 from bulk (Sr/La) ratios of 0.053 and 0.13, respectively. Operando Raman analysis run under OCM conditions identified La2O3 and SrCO3 as the predominant lanthanum and strontium phases during reaction. A bilayer structure comprising a thermally stable Sr-doped La2O3 base covered with a mostly amorphous Sr phase containing SrCO3, SrO and SrO2 was proposed. Selectivity to C2+ for this structure increased with surface Sr content; and SrO2 is believed to be responsible for this effect.
Pathological manifestation of autoimmune myocarditis is detected prior to glomerulonephritis in a murine model of lupus nephritis

ObjectiveSince enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) signals have been associated with lupus disease activity in humans prior to renal failure and novel, cardiac-focused therapeutic st...
Budding of a Retrovirus: Some Assemblies Required.

One of the most important steps in any viral lifecycle is the production of progeny virions. For retroviruses as well as other viruses, this step is a highly organized process that occurs with exquisite spatial and temporal specificity on the cellular plasma membrane. To facilitate this process, retroviruses encode short peptide motifs, or L domains, that hijack host factors to ensure completion of this critical step. One such cellular machinery targeted by viruses is known as the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRTs). Typically responsible for vesicular trafficking within the cell, ESCRTs are co-opted by the retroviral Gag polyprotein to assist in viral particle assembly and release of infectious virions. This review in the Viruses Special Issue “The 11th International Retroviral Nucleocapsid and Assembly Symposium”, details recent findings that shed light on the molecular details of how ESCRTs and the ESCRT adaptor protein ALIX, facilitate retroviral dissemination at sites of viral assembly.
The impact of development priorities on power system expansion planning in sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa faces unique barriers to electricity development due to the large proportion of the population that is un-electrified and the prevalence of rural populations. Typically, power system expansion planning models assume all potential consumers can be immediately electrified. This assumption is unrealistic in sub-Saharan Africa, where electrification will likely be a gradual process over a number of years. Furthermore, since a large proportion of the population in sub-Saharan Africa is located in rural regions, the prioritization of these regions may impact how the grid develops. In this research, we develop a multi-period optimization model for power generation and transmission system expansion planning in sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast to existing models, which assume full electrification, we consider a variety of electrification policies and analyze the impact of varying the electrification rate and policy on the cost and resources selected for power system expansion. We test our model on a case study of Rwanda. We find that varying the year in which full electrification is reached has a larger impact on cost and generation capacity than varying the electrification policy does, although, when urban and rural regions are considered equitably, more rooftop solar is built. Varying the electrification policies has a larger impact on transmission expansion than on generation expansion and this impact is amplified when starting from zero initial system capacity rather than the original Rwanda system. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis shows that tightening the bounds on CO2eq emissions has a large impact on the generation portfolio and cost.
Effects of Interventions Using Virtual Manipulatives for Students With Learning Disabilities: A Synthesis of Single-Case Research.

Virtual manipulatives are interactive and dynamic visual objects on a screen, which allow students to manipulate them to construct mathematical knowledge. The purpose of this study was to synthesiz...
Flipgrid: Students’ Perceptions of its Advantages and Disadvantages in the Language Classroom

The purpose of this study was to investigate students’ perceptions of the effects of using Flipgrid (FG) on their learning experiences and their perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of its use in the Arabic as a foreign/world language (AWL) classroom. Thirty students participated in this study and completed a survey composed of an 18-item, 5-point Likert-type questionnaire and open-ended questions. Results indicated that even though students were skeptical about using FG in the beginning, they developed positive attitudes towards its use by the end of the semester. FG provided students with a safe, low-stress platform for language practice while allowing them to track their progress, which in turn helped learners gain more confidence in their listening and speaking skills. Students enjoyed using FG and perceived it as having a positive influence on their language learning as well as on their social and cognitive engagement in the classroom. The main disadvantage listed by 27% of the participants was the lack of immediate feedback on their recorded Flipgrid.
A Prototyping Framework for Human-Centered Product Design: Preliminary Validation Study

Prototyping is a crucial aspect of the product design and development process. Successful development and deployment of products hinge on building correct prototypes. However, current prototyping frameworks often do not provide specific prototyping guidelines that are practical and readily applicable and do not consider Human Factors Engineering (HFE) design guidelines thoroughly. This paper presents a novel prototyping framework that integrates prototyping and HFE guidelines to address the research gap in the prototyping literature. The prototyping framework presents a database in the form of a graphical user interface (GUI), which contains userform data entry. The GUI userform helps the designer to develop prototyping strategies based on the prototyping best practices and HFE principles. Further, the GUI userform suggests tools and technologies that can be used to fabricate the prototype. Thus, the framework helps designers plan prototyping activities and reduces the reliance on intuition when fabricating prototypes. This paper also presents a preliminary validation study that focuses on exploring whether there is a statistical difference between the intervention and control group in developing prototyping strategies for various prototyping problems. The intervention and control group are tested using twelve prototyping problems, and the Prototyping Success score is measured for each group. An independent sample t-test is performed. From the statistical analysis, it can be inferred that the participants who use the prototyping framework produce mean Prototyping Success scores that are higher than that of the control group.
Explaining Documents' Relevance to Search Queries.

We present GenEx, a generative model to explain search results to users beyond just showing matches between query and document words. Adding GenEx explanations to search results greatly impacts user satisfaction and search performance. Search engines mostly provide document titles, URLs, and snippets for each result. Existing model-agnostic explanation methods similarly focus on word matching or content-based features. However, a recent user study shows that word matching features are quite obvious to users and thus of slight value. GenEx explains a search result by providing a terse description for the query aspect covered by that result. We cast the task as a sequence transduction problem and propose a novel model based on the Transformer architecture. To represent documents with respect to the given queries and yet not generate the queries themselves as explanations, two query-attention layers and masked-query decoding are added to the Transformer architecture. The model is trained without using any human-generated explanations. Training data are instead automatically constructed to ensure a tolerable noise level and a generalizable learned model. Experimental evaluation shows that our explanation models significantly outperform the baseline models. Evaluation through user studies also demonstrates that our explanation model generates short yet useful explanations.
Natural vorticity boundary conditions on solid walls

Abstract We derive a new kind of boundary conditions for the vorticity equation with solid wall boundaries for fluid flow problems. The formulation uses a Dirichlet condition for the normal component of vorticity and Neumann type conditions for the tangential components. In a Galerkin (integral) formulation the tangential condition is natural, i.e., it is enforced by a right-hand side functional and does not impose a boundary constraint on trial and test spaces. The functional involves the pressure variable, and we discuss several velocity–vorticity formulations where the proposed condition is appropriate. Several numerical experiments are given that illustrate the validity of the new approach.
An all digital automatic gain control

A digitally implemented automatic gain control (AGC) technique developed for a modem receiver design is described. The modem's signal-processing software is integrated with the AGC, thereby allowing the designer to have control over the overall performance and characteristic features of the modem at a lower cost. Such features include complex functions such a equalization freeze, data carrier, and voice detect. By eliminating a hardware-implemented AGC, an overall system cost reduction is accomplished. The AGC has been incorporated in a commercial QAM/DPSK/FSK modem design, where its performance has been shown to be comparable to that of current approaches. >
Distributed energy storage device based on a novel bidirectional Dc-Dc converter with 650V GaN transistors

This paper presents a distributed energy storage device (DESD) based on a novel isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter with 650V GaN transistors. The device integrates a low-voltage (13.2V) Li-ion battery pack, an embedded bidirectional DC-DC converter and wireless communication system. The three parts are packaged together, thus it can be directly connected to high-voltage (380V) DC grid, enabling a modular approach for battery energy storage systems. Two 650V enhancement mode GaN transistors are used at the high voltage side. Compared with Si device, three improvements can be achieved in the application: expanding the operation range to light load, reducing switching loss and EMI, increasing the total efficiency of charging and discharging operation. The power stage design as well as a loss analysis of GaN is based on a steady state analysis and PSpice simulation. A 400V to 12V DC, 1kW converter for 1kWh DESD prototype is designed, fabricated, and tested. Experimental results verify the validity of the proposed DESD and the performance improved by using GaN transistors.
Incidence Of Early Seizures With Levetiracetam Prophylaxis In Children After Traumatic Brain Injury (S60.002)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of early seizures after levetiracetam (LVT) prophylaxis following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. BACKGROUND: TBI is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Children with moderate to severe TBI are at high risk for early post-traumatic seizures, which may contribute to secondary injury by increasing metabolic demand. Current guidelines for severe TBI management in children recommend phenytoin (PE) for early seizure prophylaxis. Increasingly, levetiracetam (LVT) is being used instead of PE due to a better side effect profile. Seven days of LVT costs ten times more than seven days of PE (including monitoring of levels). The efficacy of LVT in preventing early seizures in this cohort has not been described. METHODS: We performed a prospective, observational study in a pediatric level 1 trauma center. Children admitted to the intensive care unit with moderate to severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤12) who received LVT were included. Seizure prophylaxis strategy and EEG monitoring were left to the discretion of the treatment team. The incidence of seizures within 7 days of injury was noted. RESULTS: 35 patients received LVT for seizure prophylaxis. Median age was 8 years (5 days - 16 yrs). 75% of patients were male. Median GCS was 8 (3-12). Mechanisms of injury were falls (7), motor vehicle accident (8), pedestrian versus auto (7), abusive head trauma (8), or other (5). 20% of children developed seizures despite prophylactic LVT. This incidence of seizures is similar to that reported in children who do not receive seizure prophylaxis (20-40%) and is higher than the rate reported with treatment with PE (2-12%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that levetiracetam may not be effective for reducing the incidence of early post-traumatic seizures in children with moderate to severe TBI in addition to being less cost effective than phenytoin. Disclosure: Dr. Chung has nothing to disclose. Dr. O9Brien has nothing to disclose.
Forget Memory, by Anne Davis Basting

There is ample evidence that Western culture is obsessed with memory. As the baby boom generation ages and grows at greater risk of memory loss, Americans bear witness to the booming market of nutr...
Technique to improve the accuracy of mixed-mode S-parameters derived from single-ended results and application to shorter test coupon design

In this paper we present an approach to improve the accuracy of mixed-mode S-parameters including differential insertion loss calculations using the single-ended simulation or/and measurement results for transmission lines. A correction term is derived to improve the conversion from 4-ports single-ended S-parameters to differential insertion loss. The approximation, which assumes odd mode impedance = even mode impedance in the conventional transform formula S_DD21=0.5×(S_SE21-S_SE23-S_SE41+S_SE43), is revised in the new equation. The new equations to calculate the whole mixed-mode s-parameters are also derived. The equation can be used not only for improving the accuracy of the characterization from single-ended S-parameters to differential insertion loss, but also for reducing the length of test structures and coupons. Simulation results are showed to validate the method.
Discursive Formations and the Ambivalent Nation in Gina Apostol's "The Revolution According to Raymundo Mata"

Gina Apostol’s The Revolution According to Raymundo Mata brings to the fore a multi- contested textual space that not only politicizes the act of reading, but more importantly, engages in a form of nation-building or imagining. The paper will demonstrate through a two-prong analysis of form and content that this novel utilizes postmodern modes of articulation such as parody, intertextuality, and a non-sequential temporal narrative in order to examine knowledge-productions, politics of representation, agency, and nationhood that have become immanent and critical in the emerging and rapidly-developing field of theoretical discourse that seeks to illuminate Philippine postcoloniality. It will also be argued that postmodern forms, which are premised upon diffusion, multiplicity, and the ambivalence of meaning render the notion of the Philippines to be equally ambivalent and diffused. Whether such re-imagining or re-configuring of the nation is advantageous or not is left for the reader to decide. The critical works of Linda Hutcheon, Homi Bhabha, and Benita Parry will serve as departure points for the analysis.
A simple adaptive control algorithm with fault-tolerance

A simple adaptive controller with fault-tolerance using switching matrix and combining adaptive control and fault-tolerance control is presented. The adaptive control system with the proposed controller remains stable in the presence of a failure in the actuator. >
The decline of Soviet power

Predictions abound concerning the imminent decline of Soviet power and c o m m u n i s m generally. Prominent Western analysts, both conservative and liberal, have pointed to the plethora of problems M o s c o w faces which appear to make Soviet decline inevitable: economic stagnation, lagging technical development , bureaucratic obstruction of needed economic reform, increasing ethnic tension within the U S S R , the mount ing economic and political problems of Eas te rn E u r o p e , setbacks in the Third World, and the much diminished appeal of Marx i sm generally. Soviet officials have also openly acknowledged many of these problems and have warned of dire consequences for the Soviet Union i f they are not resolved. Mikhail G o r b a c h e v himself, for example, declared that ethnic tension within the U S S R could endanger «the destiny and integrity of our state)).1
Using Constitutional Adjudication to Remedy Socio-Economic Injustice: Comparative Lessons From South Africa

Does inclusion of social welfare rights in the text of a constitution assist a country in addressing the challenge of poverty? Can judicial enforcement of rights to housing, healthcare, education and other welfare necessities advance substantive socio-economic equality in the manner traditional rights adjudication has advanced the related goal of civil and political equality? The purpose of this Article is to evaluate whether constitutional protection and court adjudication of social welfare rights are viable tools to address social injustice and to remedy persistent economic inequality. The frequency of inclusion of socio-economic rights in modern constitutions is evidence of the increasing popularity of pre-committing to social welfare. Nevertheless, few countries' courts have enforced such rights and only the Republic of South Africa has crafted a comprehensive, affirmative approach to enumerated social welfare rights. There is a revolutionary-and instructive-element to the Court's work in this area. Through the process of "differentiated incorporation," the South African Court has crafted a viable jurisprudence for itself and identified an exportable model for social rights adjudication: A country-specific approach that disregards concerns invalid in the importing country but accommodates valid justiciability concerns through domestically-appropriate processes. But even if adoption is possible for other countries with enumerated social rights, is it productive of improved social welfare? This Article uses the specific South African experience to evaluate the general capacity of constitutionally-enforced social welfare rights to advance socio-economic equality. It concludes that when one tempers expectations in light of the appropriate role for a judiciary and forgives some of the excessive caution by the South African pioneers in this area of jurisprudence, courts and constitutions have contributed-and may increasingly contribute-to the advancement of social justice in South Africa and elsewhere.