cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An endoscope for simultaneous macroscopic navigation and microscopic inspection of luminal sidewalls

Endoscopic techniques are commonly used for esophageal and gastrointestinal screening. In this process, atypical regions are identified by gross visual and morphological changes. These regions are then biopsied for pathological confirmation prior to determining treatment. In an effort to increase the sensitivity of endoscopic screening, many groups have performed work in developing microscopic endoscopes capable of inspecting tissues on a cellular level. These microscopic endoscopes are generally implemented as either a stand-alone fiber or through the working channel of a traditional endoscope, and are oriented in a manner similar to traditional flexible endoscopes, imaging the region directly ahead of the endoscope with a wide-angle lens. However, this may not be the optimum configuration for microscopic inspection of luminal sidewalls. We present a novel optical configuration for an endoscope that can simultaneously function as a traditional forward-viewing macroscopic endoscope and as a sidewall-viewing microscopic endoscope. With the first prototype, we have realized a water-emersion microscopic that is capable of imaging tissues on a single-cell level. In addition, microscopic side-port configuration enables efficient mapping of the luminal wall. Utilizing simultaneous macroscopic and microscopic imaging, we are developing software for image registration and analysis that will enable localization of microscopic features within a macroscopic frame of reference. Through a combination of microscopic sidewall imaging and software for image analysis, we aim to provide the clinician with the equivalent of an in vivo biopsy, increasing screening effectiveness and decreasing discomfort and costs related to performing multiple biopsies of suspected regions.
Bacterial reduction and dentin microhardness after treatment by a pulsed fiber optic delivered Nd:YAG laser

The purpose of this study was to determine the microhardness and extent of bacterial reduction of contaminated dentin following pulsed fiber optic delivered Nd:YAG laser exposure. Knoop hardness was determined before and after laser exposures from 0.3 to 3.0 W and repetition rates of 10 to 30 Hz. Half the sections were covered with an organic black pigment before laser exposure to evaluate the use of the pigment as an initiator to increase laser absorbance on the surface. Repeated measures design was employed to determine the microhardness of cut and polished dentin sections. Additional dentin sections were sterilized by gamma irradiation and then inoculated with B. subtilis, E. coli or B. stearothermophilus. The contaminated sections were exposed to contact delivered Nd:YAG laser. Cultures were obtained from the dentin surfaces and the colony forming units counted. Increased microhardness was found for all laser treatments above the physical modification. Bacterial reduction was obtained but complete sterilization was not.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Names, Forms and Conventionalism: Cratylus, 383-395

The opening pages of the Cratylus, 383-395, contain an argument the conclusion of which is that names belong to things by nature; they do not belong to things by virtue of conventions or agreements. The argument is, I think, as good as any analogical argument can be:' it ought to convince or at least give pause to a reflective person; any objection to the argument seems ad hoc. In section I of what follows I will present and argue for an interpretation of the argument which justifies this view of it. My interpretation, however, leaves many questions unanswered. It avoids discussion of what Plato means by "Proper Form of name." It does not clarify what Plato believes a name to be or show what could explain why, e.g., the name "horse" is a name of horses, if conventions do not. In section II, a somewhat more speculative section than the first, I will argue that the Proper Forms of name are the meanings of names or words. Once this is established and the theory of names that is contained in the shuttle analogy is spelled out, the other questions become relatively easy to deal with.
Observation of defects evolution in strained SiGe layers during strain relaxation

Abstract Misfit defects in strained-SiGe layers grown on (100) Si-substrates by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition (RPCVD) were investigated by using high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). While (004) omega rocking curve (ω-RC) is not sensitive to 60° misfit dislocations in a slightly strain-relaxed sample, they caused an asymmetrical shape to (113) ω-RC. On the other hand, it was found that the partial dislocations associated with stacking faults in highly strain-relaxed sample contributed to significant and symmetric peak broadening of both ω-RCs.
Can work make you sick? A meta-analysis of the relationships between job stressors and physical symptoms

Abstract A meta-analysis of 79 studies reporting cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between physical symptoms and various occupational stressors was conducted. Stressors were organizational constraints, interpersonal conflict, role conflict, role ambiguity, workload, work hours, and lack of control. The relationships between stressors and eight physical symptoms were quantitatively summarized and contrasted, for both individual symptoms and composite symptom scales. All of the occupational stressors were significantly related to physical symptoms in cross-sectional analyses, and the effect sizes of these relationships varied both by the stressor and the individual symptom examined. The longitudinal relationships were similar to the cross-sectional results, and provided some evidence of temporal consistency of the occupational stressorphysical symptom relationship. Organizational constraints and interpersonal conflict had the strongest relationships with symptoms in both the cross-sectional and...
A simple verification of the implicitization formulae for Be´zier curves

Abstract This note presents a simple verification of the implicitization equation for rational Bezier curves which does not require the use of resultants and which gives some insight into the determinantal structure of the implicit equation.
Distinct sets of SEC genes govern transport vesicle formation and fusion early in the secretory pathway

A vesicular intermediate in protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum is detected in a subset of temperature-sensitive mutants blocked early in the yeast secretory pathway. By electron microscopy three of the mutants, sec18, sec17, and sec22, accumulate 50 nm vesicles at the nonpermissive temperature. Vesicle accumulation is blocked by the mutations sec12, sec13, sec16, and sec23 as shown by analysis of double-mutant strains. Thus the early SEC genes can be divided into vesicle forming and vesicle fusion functions. Synthetic lethal interactions between sec mutations define two groups of SEC genes, corresponding to the groups involved in vesicle formation or fusion. Mutations in two of the genes involved in vesicle fusion, SEC17 and SEC18, are lethal in combination, and five of six possible pairwise combinations of mutations in genes required for vesicle formation, SEC12, SEC13, SEC16, and SEC23, are lethal. These interactions suggest cooperation between different SEC gene products in vesicle budding and vesicle fusion processes.
Effects of colchicine on cardiac cell function indicate possible role for membrane surface tubulin

The effects of the tubulin-binding drug colchicine on cultured neonate cardiac cell function were investigated. Application of low doses of colchicine (but not lumicolchicine) caused an early reversible increase in beating rate with a concomitant decrease in amplitude. Treatment of the cells with trypsin at a dose that removes surface tubulin but does not inhibit spontaneous beating, diminished the colchicine effect. Surface radio-iodination of the live cultures followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and radioautography revealed that two spots were heavily labeled. These spots co-migrated with purified brain tubulin. Fibroblasts derived from the cardiac cultures did not label over the tubulin spots. Trypsin treatment removed the presumptive tubulin from the radioautographs but only removed the most basic portion of the alpha-tubulin spot from the stained gel. These results are consistent with a surface membrane role for an iso-form of tubulin in neonate cardiac cells.
A novel method for preparing bimodal elastomeric networks

Hydroxyl-terminated chains of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) were end linked with a trifunctional silane containing 3-aminopropyl groups. CuCl2 or CoCl2 added to the networks forms complexes with the amino groups on the cross links, thus introducing additional chains that are very short. The resulting PDMS networks are in this sense bimodal, and were found to have increased values of the ultimate strength.
T-fastener migration after percutaneous gastropexy for transgastric enteral tube insertion.

Background/Aims To determine the prevalence and time-course of t-fastener migration after gastropexy deployment.
Realpolitik Nationalism International Sources of Chinese Nationalism

Conventional understandings of Chinese nationalism often portray it as anti-Western, focusing on Chinese nationalists’ obsession with a powerful state and on their ambition to recover the glory of ...
Application of recombinant DNA technologies to studies on chicken growth hormone

Messenger RNA isolated from chicken pituitaries was used to construct a chicken pituitary cDNA library. A chicken growth hormone cDNA clone was isolated using 32P-labeled mammalian growth hormone cDNA probes. The amino acid sequence (derived from the DNA sequence) of the mature form of chicken growth hormone shows 77% homology with that of bovine growth hormone. The chicken growth hormone cDNA clone was used to generate a vector capable of producing chicken growth hormone in Escherichia coli. The recombinant E. coli-derived chicken growth hormone was similar to pituitary chicken growth hormone in several biochemical and immunological properties. The recombinant-derived hormone has been used to establish a sensitive radioimmunoassay for growth hormone determinations made from chicken sera. The chicken growth hormone gene has also been introduced into a retroviral vector capable of establishing productive infections of chicken cells both in in vitro and in vivo. The resulting infections are accompanied by the production of radioimmunoassay-detecable growth hormone. The concentrations of growth hormone in sera of Leghorn chickens infected with the recombinant retrovirus are three- to tenfold higher than in control animals.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors: Characterization, Physiological Regulation, and Relationship to Reproductive Function

THE TONIC and cyclic secretion of gonadotropins is mediated by the hypothalamic production of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). The direct assessment of hypothalamic function has been hampered by the absence of reliable methods for the measurement of GnRH production and secretion. Endogenous hypothalamic GnRH probably never reaches the general circulation in sufficiently high concentration to be measured by RIA (1–5), since the pituitary gland has the capacity to metabolize the majority of the peptide secreted into the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation (6–10). Attempts to determine the rate and amplitude of GnRH secretion have shown that GnRH concentrations in hypophyseal stalk plasma fluctuate between 20 and 800 pM (11–14). Such studies have revealed that GnRH is released in a pulsatile fashion, although rapid changes in secretion rate cannot be detected during the long period required for sample collection. In addition to modulating the concentration of GnRH in hypophyseal portal plasma (1...
Structural, electrical, and magneto-optical characterization of paramagnetic GaMnAs quantum wells

The growth of GaMnAs by molecular beam epitaxy is typically performed at low substrate temperatures $(\ensuremath{\sim}250\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C})$ and high As overpressures, leading to the incorporation of excess As and Mn interstitials, which quench optical signals such as photoluminescence (PL). We report on optical-quality ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{As}∕{\mathrm{Al}}_{0.4}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.6}\mathrm{As}$ quantum wells (QWs) with $xl0.2%$ grown at a substrate temperature of $400\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$. Electrical and structural measurements demonstrate that this elevated temperature reduces As defects while allowing the substitutional incorporation of Mn into Ga sites. From a combination of Hall and secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements we estimate that at least 70%--90% of the Mn incorporates substitutionally in all samples studied. The incorporation behavior shows both a substrate temperature and QW width dependence. The low defect density of these heterostructures, compared to typical lower-temperature-grown GaMnAs, enables the observation of both polarization-resolved PL and coherent electron spin dynamics, from which the conduction-band exchange parameter is extracted. No evidence of long-range Mn spin coupling is observed, whereas negative effective Curie temperatures indicate spin heating due to photoexcitation. Light Mn doping maximizes the electron spin lifetime, indicating the importance of the Dyakonov-Perel decoherence mechanism in these structures. PL spectra reveal a low-energy peak from shallow donors, which, because of the paramagnetic behavior of its PL polarization, we ascribe to Mn interstitials.
Particulate structure of phytoglycogen nanoparticles probed using amyloglucosidase

Abstract Phytoglycogen is a plant-based, high-density carbohydrate nanoparticle that can be used as a starting material for preparing novel functional nano-constructs. In this study, the particulate structure of phytoglycogen was probed using amyloglucosidase hydrolysis, with amylopectin of waxy corn starch as a reference. Glucose release was monitored; molar mass, root mean square (RMS) radius, and dispersed molecular density were evaluated using multiangle laser-light scattering. The goal was to reveal the structural features of phytoglycogen nanoparticles. After extended amyloglucosidase hydrolysis, the total glucose release of phytoglycogen was lower than that of amylopectin. At the initial stage of hydrolysis, however, glucose was released at a higher rate from phytoglycogen, suggesting a dense distribution of nonreducing ends at the surfaces of nanoparticles. The reduction of molar mass and RMS radius caused by amyloglucosidase hydrolysis were much lower for phytoglycogen than for amylopectin. The dispersed molecular density of amylopectin remained at about 60 g/mol nm 3 during hydrolysis. In contrast, the density of phytoglycogen decreased from about 1200 to 950 g/mol nm 3 , suggesting a density increment towards the external region of nanoparticle.
Statistical Study of the Fisher-Race Model for Human Rh Genetics

The technique of chromosomal positioning of inheritable traits (C.P.I.T.) to project relative positions of two or more traits at more than one gene locus was employed to test the validity of the Fisher-Race model of Rh structure. The results of statistical analysis of two large samples of Rh phenotype distributions suggest that all models based on vertically related, linked alleles are invalid. On the basis of further analysis, Wiener's concept of the structure of the human Rh-Hr gene locus appears most valid among current hypotheses.
Modeling tool for design and simulation of complex mechanical systems

A modeling tool which allows for design and simulation of multi-domain systems is presented in this paper. The tool is comprised of modular submodels, or blocks, which can be linked together using a graphical interface. Two models of physical systems are constructed. The first system is composed of a voltage controlled motor under digital PID control. An electrohydraulic system used for sheet metal forming is also modeled. Good agreement has been achieved between the results of the simulation and experimental results.
Non-Gaussian numerical errors versus mass hierarchy

We probe the numerical errors made in renormalization group calculations by varying slightly the rescaling factor of the fields and rescaling back in order to get the same (if there were no round-off errors) zero momentum 2-point function (magnetic susceptibility). The actual calculations were performed with Dyson's hierarchical model and a simplified version of it. We compare the distributions of numerical values obtained from a large sample of rescaling factors with the (Gaussian by design) distribution of a random number generator and find a significant departure from the Gaussian behavior. In addition, the average value differs (robustly) from the exact answer by a quantity which is of the same order as the standard deviation. We provide a simple model in which the errors made at shorter distance have a larger weight than those made at larger distance. This model explains in part the non-Gaussian features and why the central-limit theorem does not apply.
Displaying large user-generated virtual worlds from the cloud

Unlike most graphics systems, a shared, user-generated virtual world is created on-the-fly by end users rather than professional artists. Objects in the world can come and go, and the world can be composed of so many models and textures that it cannot be stored locally on disk. The content must be stored in a shared, networked resource such as the cloud and delivered to clients dynamically.
Anesthetic efficacy of ropivacaine in maxillary anterior infiltration

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this prospective, randomized double-blind study was to evaluate and compare the anesthetic efficacy of 0.5% ropivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine, of 0.5% ropivacaine, and of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine in maxillary lateral incisor infiltrations. Study Design: Forty subjects randomly received, in a double-blind manner, 3 infiltrations at 3 separate appointments, in a repeated-measures design. The injections consisted of an infiltration of 1.8 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine plain, an infiltration of 1.8 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine, and an infiltration of 1.8 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine (control solution). The maxillary lateral incisor pulpal anesthesia was evaluated with an electric pulp tester at 2-minute cycles for 90 minutes after injection. No response from the subject to the maximum output (80 reading) of the pulp tester was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. Anesthesia was considered successful when 2 consecutive 80 readings were obtained. The duration of pulpal anesthesia was recorded as the last 80 reading. Results: One hundred percent of the subjects had lip numbness with all solutions. The anesthetic success rates for ropivacaine plain, ropivacaine with epinephrine, and bupivacaine with epinephrine were 68%, 75%, and 80%, respectively. There were no significant differences (P >.05) among the solutions. The duration of pulpal anesthesia (80 readings) for ropivacaine plain, ropivacaine with epinephrine, and bupivacaine with epinephrine was 13 minutes, 33 minutes, and 33 minutes, respectively. Ropivacaine plain had a significantly shorter duration of pulpal anesthesia than ropivacaine with epinephrine. Conclusions: We concluded that 0.5% ropivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine was equivalent to 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine in pharmacologic action. The duration of pulpal anesthesia was less for ropivacaine without epinephrine. Ropivacaine with epinephrine has the potential to replace bupivacaine with epinephrine in clinical dental practice because of the decreased potential for cardiac and central nervous system toxicity. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001;91:406-12)
Immunologic therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.

Abstract The treatment of solid tumors has shown a dramatic change in recent years. This revolution has come from an improved understanding of the mechanisms of tumor growth and the relationship of cancers to their microenvironments. As part of this revolutoin, we have had a dramatic increase in our understanding of the immune system and the role it could play in the management of cancers. This article reviews the current data supporting the use of cancer immunologic therapies for gastrointestinal tract cancers. The scope is focused on the variety of approaches that have been used, citing the clinical data that have been obtained and reviewing future trials.
Effect of Alcohol on the Visual Autokinetic Phenomenon

Summary.-The effect of a 0.69 grn. alcohol/kg. body weight dose was compared with a control treatment upon visual autokinesis using 12 Ss. NO alcohol effect was found on an objective measure of the apparent distance moved by the fixation light. In a recent study by Sharma and Moskowitz (1972) an objective measur
Coaching: An essential leadership skill for the advanced practice nurse

Abstract Leadership in the 21st century requires that individuals lead in creative ways that enhance and support their employees' growth, development, and performance. Employees have reported that they need to feel respected and valued. As a member of the nursing leadership team, the advanced practice nurse (APN) is on the front line, involved with staff on a daily basis, and able to coach staff in a variety of different situations. Using coaching as a leadership skill assists the APN in making a significant contribution to the health care field and to employee growth and development. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
Testing Cermak's Hypothesis: Is Dissociation the Mediating Variable that Links Substance Abuse in the Family of Origin with Offspring Codependency?

This is a pilot study of substance abuse in the family of origin and its relation to offspring dissociation and offspring codependency. Cermak contends that substance abuse in the family of origin exposes offspring to trauma, that exposure to trauma in the family of origin engenders offspring dissociation, and that dissociation is the process underlying offspring codependency. Assuming that substance abuse in the family of origin exposes offspring to trauma, this experiment tested the hypothesis that dissociation mediates the relationship between substance abuse in the family of origin and offspring codependency. Although it was found that substance abuse in the family of origin, offspring dissociation, and offspring codependency were associated, no support was found for the prediction that dissociation mediates the relationship between substance abuse in the family of origin and offspring codependency. Replications are called for.
Intellectual Discourse and the Politics of Modernization: Negotiating Modernity in Iran

In this thought-provoking study, Ali Mirsepassi explores the concept of modernity, exposing the Eurocentric prejudices and hostility to non-Western culture that have characterized its development. Focusing on the Iranian experience of modernity, he charts its political and intellectual history and develops a new interpretation of Islamic Fundamentalism through the detailed analysis of the ideas of key Islamic intellectuals. The author argues that the Iranian Revolution was not a simple clash between modernity and tradition but an attempt to accommodate modernity within a sense of authentic Islamic identity, culture and historical experience. He concludes by assessing the future of secularism and democracy in the Middle East in general, and in Iran in particular. A significant contribution to the literature on modernity, social change and Islamic Studies, this book will be essential reading for scholars and students of social theory and change, Middle Eastern Studies, Cultural Studies and many related areas.
Evaporation characteristics of organic solvent aerosols used in analytical atomic spectrometry

Abstract A simple theoretical approach has been used to calculate changes in aerosol droplet diameters caused by evaporation in a solvent-vapor saturated atmosphere. The results for a range of solvents likely to be encountered in analytical atomic spectrometry are discussed, with particular reference to their possible effects on nebulization and atomization efficiencies, and hence on sensitivities attainable in nebulizer-based atomic spectrometry. The importance of droplet solvent evaporation is also discussed with respect to the aspiration rates which may be usefully employed when organic solvents are aspirated into an inductively coupled plasma.
Functional Foods as a Value-Added Strategy: The Commercial Potential of “Cancer-Fighting” Dairy Products

Levels of conjugated linoleic acid, which may help prevent cancer, can be elevated in milk. A sensory evaluation, willingness-to-pay survey, and feasibility analysis suggest that profit potential exists for producers serving niche markets via small-scale processing ventures. Households with children and health-conscious consumers appear most willing to pay premiums for “cancer-fighting” dairy products. Consumer demand and the legality of health claims hinge on pending medical research outcomes.
57 Nucleosome [mis]positioning, chromatin folding, and a computational karyotype

Given a set of experimentally or theoretically determined nucleosome positions, it is possible to rapidly construct and interactively display 3D models of entire chromosomes. Our Interactive Chromatin Modeling Web (ICM-Web) server can fold and display megabase segments of chromatin in real time (Stolz & Bishop, 2010). These models are first order approximations that assume each nucleosome is a canonical octasome and that the linker DNA assumes a sequence-specific conformation similar to free DNA. Thermal fluctuations are included in the model that alters the nucleosome wrapping (i.e. entry/exit angle) and linker conformation. The models provide valuable insights, even if the chromatin folds are not necessarily accurate, e.g. visualization of DNA rotational phasing on individual nucleosomes and how DNA defects alter global structure. The DNA defects arise from known sequence-specific conformations and thermal fluctuations of DNA. Nucleosome positioning or mispositioning alters chromatin topology by exposin...
Congenital factor VII deficiency.

Summary A case of factor VII deficiency in a PuertoRican boy is described. He presented with epistaxis as the only symptom. The importance of early diagnosis of the defect is stressed. Identification of heterozygous carriers is also of importance because these persons, for unknown reasons, might present with hemorrhagic diathesis.
The rationale for an “oblimax” method of transformation in factor analysis

Factorial transformation is viewed as an estimation problem in which the usual assumption of homogeneously distributed error cannot be applied, but may be replaced by a principle of maximum kurtosis. This leads to quartimax in the orthogonal case, and to “oblimax” in the oblique case. Oblimax is readily programmable, and typically provides results similar to those of subjective rotation. However, oblimax may encounter special difficulty in data which do not determine a simple structure, or which have been imprecisely factored.
Capital Flows and Economic Fluctuations: The Role of Commercials Banks in Transmitting Shocks

This paper uses a general equilibrium model to examine the central role played by commercial banks in intermediating and amplifying the capital flow shocks to the local economy in the 1997 Asia financial crisis. It finds that a sudden stop of capital inflows affects the equilibrium credit supply through two channels: first, the plunge of foreign financing decreases the loanable funds directly; and second the sudden stop drives up the cost of providing banking services, thereby additionally reducing the available bank credit to firms through a "deposit run". Empirical results from a VAR model broadly support the theoretical implications.
Factors affecting the stability of methanol dehydrogenase from Paracoccus denitrificans.

Methanol dehydrogenase from Paracoccus denitrificans was purified to homogeneity in two steps from the periplasmic fraction of methanolgrown cells. The enzyme was composed of sub-units of Mr 67 000 and 12 000, and non-covalently bound pyrroloquinoline quinone. It exhibited a pH optimum at pH values of 9.0 and above. It was not stable at pH > 9.0, but exhibited little loss of activity after prolonged incubation at pH values as low as 4.5. Methyl dehydrogenase was relatively stable to thermal denaturation. The thermal stability was enhanced by the presence of Ca2+ and diminished by the presence of EDTA. These data suggest a structural role for Ca2+ in this enzyme, similar to what has been observed with quinoprotein glucose and ethanol dehydrogenases.
Effect of hydrate formation/dissociation on emulsion stability using DSC and visual techniques

A key factor in hydrate risk management for an oil-dominated system is the stability of the emulsified water with gas hydrate formation. We show via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) that gas hydrate formation and dissociation has a destabilizing effect on water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, and can lead to a free water phase through agglomeration and coalescence of dissociated hydrate particles. High asphaltene content crude oils are shown to resist hydrate destabilization of the emulsion. Span80 was successfully used as an analog to asphaltene surface activity. Based on our experimental results, a new conceptual hydrate-induced destabilization model is proposed.
Repressor gene, blaI, for Bacillus licheniformis 749 β-lactamase

Abstract The repressor gene, blaI , for the β-lactamase of Bacillus licheniformis 749 was functional when cloned in Escherichia coli , but addition of a β-lactam did not lead to induction. One plasmid contained fragments from the inducible strain (source of repressor), the other carried fragments from the blaI − mutant 749/C (target). blaI lies just 5′ to the promoter for the structural gene, blaP , and the target is the promoter region between the two genes. Interaction with both promoters seemed necessary for full repression. BlaI is a hydrophilic protein ( M r 15 036) with the some structural similarities to repressors from Gram-negative bacteria.
Is delayed graft function causally associated with long-term outcomes after kidney transplantation? Instrumental variable analysis.

Background While some studies have found an association between delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation and worse long-term outcomes, a causal relationship remains controversial. We investigated this relationship using an instrumental variables model (IVM), a quasi-randomization technique for drawing causal inferences.
Chronic myelogenous leucemia in early infancy

Summary A case of chronic myeloid leucemia in an infant aged 6 weeks ispresented, and evidence for its congenital nature is discussed. Therapy with roentgen irradiation was unsuccessful, and apparently affected the outcome neither favorably nor unfavorably as far as we could ascertain. From a review of the cases available in the literature, this is the youngest age at which this disease has been recognized.
Computational chemistry and molecular simulations of phosphoric acid

Quantum mechanics (QM) calculations, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the condensed-phase optimized molecular potentials for atomistic simulation studies (COMPASS) force field, and the atom-centered density matrix propagation (ADMP) approach have been used to investigate properties of phosphoric acid (PA). QM using B3LYP/6-31þþG(d,p) density functional theory were used to calculate gas-phase proton affinities and interaction energies of PA and its derivatives. Detailed single coordinate driving, followed by quadratic synchronous transit optimization was used to determine energy barriers for different proton transfer (PT) pathways. Determined energy barrier heights in ascending order are (unit: kJ/mol): H3O þ !H3PO4 (0); H4P2O7!H3PO4 (2.61); H3PO4!H2PO � (5.31); H4PO þ !H3PO4 (� 7.33); H3PO4!H4P2O7/H3PO4!H3PO4 (15.99); H4P2O7!H2O (28.61); H3PO4!H2O (47.14). The COMPASS force field was used to study condensed-phase properties of PA. Good agreement between experimental data and MD results including density, radial distribution functions, and self-diffusion coefficient at different temperatures provides validation of the COMPASS force field for PA. Finally, preliminary ADMP studies on a cluster of three PA molecules shows that the ADMP approach can reasonably describe the PT and self-dissociation processes in PA. V C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 111: 3212-3229, 2011
Excitation and diagnosis of cascading Langmuir waves in ionospheric plasmas at Gakona, Alaska

Ionospheric plasma heating experiments were conducted at Gakona, Alaska to investigate cascading spectra of Langmuir wave turbulence, excited by parametric instabilities diagnosed by Modular UHF Ionospheric Radar (MUIR). This work is aimed at testing the recent theory of Kuo and Lee (2005 J. Geophys. Res. 110 A01309) that addresses how the cascade of Langmuir waves can distribute spatially via the resonant and non-resonant decay processes. The non-resonant cascade proceeds at the location where parametric decay instability (PDI) or oscillating two-stream instability (OTSI) is excited and severely hampered by the frequency mismatch effect. By contrast, the resonant cascade, which takes place at lower matching heights, has to overcome the propagation loss of the Langmuir pump waves in each cascade step. Our experimental results have corroborated these predictions about the generation of cascading Langmuir waves by the HAARP heater.
Corrosion behavior of an alumina forming austenitic steel exposed to supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract Microstructure characterization of corrosion behavior of an alumina forming austenitic (AFA) steel exposed to supercritical carbon dioxide was conducted at 450–650 °C and 20 MPa. At low temperature and short exposure times, the oxidation kinetics were parabolic and the oxide scales were mainly composed of protective and continuous Al 2 O 3 and (Cr, Mn)-rich oxide layers. As the temperature and exposure time increased, the AFA steel gradually suffered breakaway oxidation and its oxide scales showed a multilayer structure mainly composed of Fe 3 O 4 , (Cr, Fe) 3 O 4 , NiFe/FeCr 2 O 4 /Cr 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 , FeCr 2 O 4 /Al 2 O 3 , and NiFe/Cr 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 , in sequence. The corrosion mechanism based on the microstructure evolution is discussed in detail.
Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring in Patients with Recognized Multiglandular Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) monitoring reliably predicts cure of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) due to single-gland disease. However, its utility in PHPT caused by multiple-gland disease (MGD) is still debated, for both detection and prediction of adequate resection. Our hypothesis is that once MGD is encountered during an operation, more stringent criteria for determining adequate resection can improve cure rates. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with PHPT who were found to have MGD during the course of focused parathyroidectomy. IOPTH levels after completed multiple parathyroid gland excision were compared between cured patients and those with persistent hyperparathyroidism. Of 1855 patients undergoing focused parathyroidectomy, 243 were found to have MGD. Of the 207 study patients with MGD, 193 were cured and 14 had persistent hyperparathyroidism. After final gland excision, the mean ± SEM percentage decrease in IOPTH from the baseline was of significantly greater magnitude for the cured group (90.0 ± 0.5%) than for the persistent group (74.0 ± 3.8%) (p < 0.01). The mean ± SEM IOPTH after completed multigland excision was higher in the persistent group (44.0 ± 8.4 pg/ml) than in the cured group (34.0 ± 3.5 pg/ml) (p = 0.19), although both were within the normal range (12–65 pg/ml). When the groups were analyzed for an incremental fall of IOPTH from the baseline, the criteria of ≥75% drop and into the normal range improved the positive predictive value from 93.2 to 96.6% when compared to the standard criterion of a 50% decrease from the baseline. When PHPT due to MGD is recognized and focused parathyroidectomy is extended, a final postexcision PTH level that is ≥75% decreased from the baseline PTH level and in the normal range should be used to predict adequate gland resection.
An environmental radionuclide baseline study near three Canadian naval ports.

This paper summarizes an environmental radionuclide baseline study undertaken for the Department of National Defence in Canada. The purpose of the project was to establish levels of radionuclides present in the environment around areas where nuclear propelled vessels may be berthed. Specifically, this report describes environmental baselines near Halifax (Nova Scotia), Esquimalt (British Columbia), and Nanoose Bay (British Columbia). Valued ecosystem component samples were taken from dairy farms, beef producers, market gardens, vegetables, tree fruits and berries within the study areas, as well as marine bivalves (mussels and clams), salmon, seaweed, and food from native fisheries. Numerous naturally occurring isotopes were detected and quantified. The only non-naturally occurring isotope positively identified was in the form of trace quantities of [sup 131]I, measured in the Halifax study zone (attributed to local hospital cancer therapy). [sup 137]Cs is the only other anthropogenic radionuclide detected. Its origin may be the combination of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapon tests. The results indicate that nuclear-powered vessels have not resulted in activity levels that would contribute a significant radiation exposure to the public, the biota, and the environment within the three study zones.
The role of the kidney in water balance of the echidna

Abstract 1. 1. The echidna ( Tachyglossus aculeatus ) decreases its urine volume when dehydrated and can form urine with a concentration as great as 2300 mOsm. 2. 2. This monotreme can thus concentrated its urine as well as many other mammals and its not deficient in this respect as a result of its long separate evolution. 3. 3. At low urine flows the creatinine excretion is related to the urine volume, suggesting that changes in glomerular filtration rate as well as tubular water reabsorption contribution to the regulation of urine flow. 4. 4. The role of the kidney in the water balance of echidnas living on their nature termite diet is discussed.
Search for cold fusion using Pd-D2O cells and Ti-D mixtures

We have searched for cold fusion produced in an electrolytic cell with Pd cathode and Pt anode. The electrolyte was 0.1 molar LiOD in 99.8% D2O. A 2-mm rod of polycrystalline Pd and a 4-mm rod of single crystal Pd were used. No radiation was detected above background by a BF3 neutron and Ge γ-X detector. The D2 loading of the Pd was 0.8 D per Pd atom reaching saturation after 4 hours. We also attempted to duplicate the work of Scaramuzzi and co-workers on the Ti-D2 system. Both powder and pieces of Ti were used. The material was cycled several times between 1100 K and 77 K. No neutron, γ- or x-ray emission above background was observed. The results of a barrier penetration calculation for H-like atoms are presented. The high fusion rates reported for PdDx. are much larger than those expected from theoretical calculations on these systems.
Scanning electron microscopy of the lateral ventricles of sheep.

The lateral ventricles and choroid plexuses of an adult and near-term sheep fetus were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The predominant surface structure of the ependymal cells were cilia arranged in clumps with evidence of metachronic activity. Topographical variations of the ependymal surface are described and discussed according to their role in transport of cerebrospinal fluid and their relation to underlying nervous tissue.
Planetary science: under Jupiter's pulsing skin.

Fast jet streams blow along the hallmark coloured bands that engirdle Jupiter's surface. By observing how storms erupt in these jet streams and disturb them, we can penetrate deeper into what lies beneath.
Imperfect capital markets and investment in education

Abstract This paper examines a theoretical issue concerning the relationship between private pecuniary returns to a college education and the fraction of high-school graduates who choose to enroll in college. If capital markets are imperfect in the sense that the rate of interest at which individuals can borrow exceeds the rate at which they can lend, then we cannot rule out the possibility of a paradox; namely, enrollment rates may not always be directly related to the net present value of an education. The result is developed from a two-period utility-maximizing model of an individual's investment decision.
Gardner's syndrome (intestinal polyposis, osteomas, sebaceous cysts) and a new dental discovery

Abstract An intensive study has been made into the entity known as Gardner's syndrome, which heretofore had been described as the concomitant appearance of multiple polyposis of the large intestine, osteomas of the bones, and multiple sebaceous cysts. A fourth feature of the disease—the appearance of multiple impacted supernumerary and permancent teeth throughout the maxilla and the mandible—has been described. This feature is of obvious interest to the dental profession, as it may prove to be the diagnostic sign leading to the discovery of the other subclinical manifestations of the disease. Case reports in this article are presented to illustrate the foregoing statement and to show the remarkable appearance of the dental radiographs.
Remarks on stabilization and input-to-state stability

A description is given of how notions of input-to-state stabilization are useful when stabilizing cascades of systems. >
Structural comparisons of the nucleoprotein from three negative strand RNA virus families

Structures of the nucleoprotein of three negative strand RNA virus families, borna disease virus, rhabdovirus and influenza A virus, are now available. Structural comparisons showed that the topology of the RNA binding region from the three proteins is very similar. The RNA was shown to fit into a cavity formed by the two distinct domains of the RNA binding region in the rhabdovirus nucleoprotein. Two helices connecting the two domains characterize the center of the cavity. The nucleoproteins contain at least 5 conserved helices in the N-terminal domain and 3 conserved helices in the C-terminal domain. Since all negative strand RNA viruses are required to have the ribonucleoprotein complex as their active genomic templates, it is perceivable that the (5H+3H) structure is a common motif in the nucleoprotein of negative strand RNA viruses.
Utilizing the Literatures in Teaching the Research Paper.

Teaching research English, particularly the writing of papers, to nonnative speakers (NNS) has not been given the attention it needs. Available evidence points both to the overwhelming role of English as a medium of communication in the international research literature and to the low level of NNS contributions to that literature. This article outlines and illustrates an approach to the teaching of research English (on a group rather than an individual basis) which derives from four bodies of literature: (a) the sociology of science, (b) citation analysis, (c) technical writing, and (d) English for academic purposes. It is argued that this approach gives the ESL instructor insight into research writing processes and products, increases instructor confidence, provides accessible content, and produces texts from the literatures that can be used directly in class .The discussion reviews present knowledge of the research paper; considers the issues of genre, schema, and rhetorical structure; and relates the orientation taken in this article to the current debate about “process” and “product” approaches to ESL writing.
Doing the Right Thing or Doing the Thing Right: Allocating Resources Between Marketing Research and Manufacturing

Matching production with sales potential is essential for survival in volatile markets. Manufacturing and marketing managers compete for staff, space, cash, and other assets as they struggle both to determine what and how many products ought to be produced, and to actually produce them. We develop an analytical framework to answer one simple question, "How much marketing research should a firm do when it takes resources away from manufacturing the goods that generate revenue?" To understand the costs and benefits of marketing research, we account for the lost opportunities to produce these goods. Some analytical findings are striking: firms without initial knowledge of their potential customers should allocate one-third of the firm's resources to marketing research. The model suggests a host of issues to be more deeply studied by management scientists.
Tobacco Use Among Individuals With Schizophrenia: What Role Has the Tobacco Industry Played?

Rates of tobacco use among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have been estimated as high as 80%. A variety of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the high rate of tobacco use among this vulnerable group. This study examined the tobacco industry's efforts to establish and promulgate beliefs about schizophrenic individuals' need to smoke and the hazards of quitting. The current study analyzed previously secret tobacco industry documents. The initial search was conducted during January-July 2005 in the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. The search yielded 280 records dating from 1955 to 2004. Documents indicate the tobacco industry monitored or directly funded research supporting the idea that individuals with schizophrenia were less susceptible to the harms of tobacco and that they needed tobacco as self-medication. The tobacco industry promoted smoking in psychiatric settings by providing cigarettes and supporting efforts to block hospital smoking bans. The tobacco industry engaged in a variety of direct and indirect efforts that likely contributed to the slowed decline in smoking prevalence in schizophrenia via slowing nicotine dependence treatment development for this population and slowing the rate of policy implementation vis-a-vis smoking bans on psychiatric units.