cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ALLANITE-(Ce) FROM THE EOCENE CASTO GRANITE, IDAHO: RESPONSE TO HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION

The response of allanite-(Ce) in the Eocene Casto granite of Idaho to hydrothermal activity has been investigated. Unaltered, igneous allanite from the Casto pluton is characterized by a narrow range of compositional variation, with little or no zoning. A representative empirical formula, based on the composition of the least-altered grain, is: ( REE 0.83Ca1.07Th0.04Mn2+0.06) (Ti4+0.11Mg2+0.04Fe2+0.99Fe3+0.48Al1.38) (Si3.00O12) (OH0.95F0.05), where REE represents (La0.14Ce0.41Pr0.05Nd0.17Sm0.03Y0.03). The small amount of observed compositional variation is consistent with the coupled substitutions Ca2+ + Th4+ ↔ 2 REE 3+ and REE 3+ + Fe2+ + Mg2+ ↔ Ca2+ + Al3+ + Fe3+. Slightly altered crystals exhibit a rim in which Th is enriched, and La and Ce are depleted. Increasing alteration lead to extensive corrosion and replacement of allanite by fluorite, a REE -, Th- and P-rich phase (probably monazite), and a Th-rich phase (probably thorianite). In spite of attack by fluoride-rich hydrothermal solutions, the REE and Th originally in allanite were not transported significant distances, but were redeposited locally as secondary phases. The lack of significant REE and Th transport is due to the availability of phosphorus, which allowed the REE to be fixed in a secondary phosphate phase, and the removal of fluoride as fluorite. This work has implications for the behavior of radioactive waste in deeply buried geological repositories upon interaction with heated groundwaters.
Evidence for a P-11 Pion-Nucleon Resonance at 556 MeV

A energy-dependent pion-nuclear phase shift was analyzed quantitatively in search for a P/sub 11/ resonance. The solution to the parametric equation for pion-nucleon phase shifts and absorption parameters using available data between 0 and 700 Mev is graphically represented. (L.B.S.)
Analyzing Changes in Waste Reduction Behavior in a Low-Income Urban Community Following a Public Outreach Program

This study investigated the changes in waste reduction behavior in East Harlem, New York, before and after an educational outreach program. Using focus groups and survey data, the attitudinal and behavioral characteristics of residents were monitored across the two periods. The results showed improvements in the total daily recyclables collected, from 8.7 tons in April 1993 to 11.4 tons in April 1994. There were widespread variations in environmental behavior among residents in the private and public housing units. Specifically, waste recovery rates observed in the public housing units were restricted by structural constraints in the buildings, lack of resources, and relatively poor access to the drop-off sites. The age of the residents, apartment ownership, and household size were also among the important predictors of behavior. These findings provide important implications for developing and maintaining successful recovery and reduction programs in communities with similar demographic profiles.
MA-4 the prospects for ultra-high speed VLSI GaAs digital logic

Recent advances in the state of GaAs integrated circuit fabrication technology have made possible the demonstration of ultrahigh performance ( \tau_{d} \sim 100 ps) GaAs digital IC's with up to 64 gate MSI circuit complexities and with gate areas and power dissipations sufficiently low to make VLSI circuits achievable. It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate, based on the current state of GaAs IC technology and the fundamental device physics involved, the prospects of achieving an ultrahigh-speed VLSI GaAs IC technology. The paper includes a performance comparison analysis of Si and GaAs FET's and switching circuits which indicates that, for equivalent speed-power product operation, GaAs IC's should be about six times faster than Si IC's. The state of the art in GaAs IC fabrication and logic circuit approaches is reviewed, with particular emphasis on those approaches which are LSI/VLSI compatible in power and density. The experimental performance results are compared for the leading GaAs logic circuit approaches, both for simple ring oscillators and for more complex sequential logic circuits (which have demonstrated equivalent gate delays as low as \tau_{d} = 110 ps).
Molecular diversity of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels

Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels regulate Ca2+ entry and thereby contribute to Ca2+ signalling in many cells. Functional studies have uncovered several types of Ca2+ channel, distinguished by pharmacology, electrophysiology and tissue localization. More recently, molecular cloning has revealed an even greater diversity among Ca2+ channels, arising from multiple genes and alternative splicing. L-type, dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels have been the most extensively characterized to date. Recently, Numa's group has reported the cloning and expression of a dihydropyridine-insensitive Ca2+ channel from brain that most closely resembles the P-type channel described by Llinas and colleagues. These results contribute to rapidly growing knowledge about molecular determinants of Ca2+ channel diversity.
The Reference Transcriptome of the Adult Female Biting Midge (Culicoides sonorensis) and Differential Gene Expression Profiling during Teneral, Blood, and Sucrose Feeding Conditions

Unlike other important vectors such as mosquitoes and sandflies, genetic and genomic tools for Culicoides biting midges are lacking, despite the fact that they vector a large number of arboviruses and other pathogens impacting humans and domestic animals world-wide. In North America, female Culicoides sonorensis midges are important vectors of bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), orbiviruses that cause significant disease in livestock and wildlife. Libraries of tissue-specific transcripts expressed in response to feeding and oral orbivirus challenge in C. sonorensis have previously been reported, but extensive genome-wide expression profiling in the midge has not. Here, we successfully used deep sequencing technologies to construct the first adult female C. sonorensis reference transcriptome, and utilized genome-wide expression profiling to elucidate the genetic response to blood and sucrose feeding over time. The adult female midge unigene consists of 19,041 genes, of which less than 7% are differentially expressed during the course of a sucrose meal, while up to 52% of the genes respond significantly in blood-fed midges, indicating hematophagy induces complex physiological processes. Many genes that were differentially expressed during blood feeding were associated with digestion (e.g. proteases, lipases), hematophagy (e.g., salivary proteins), and vitellogenesis, revealing many major metabolic and biological factors underlying these critical processes. Additionally, key genes in the vitellogenesis pathway were identified, which provides the first glimpse into the molecular basis of anautogeny for C. sonorensis. This is the first extensive transcriptome for this genus, which will serve as a framework for future expression studies, RNAi, and provide a rich dataset contributing to the ultimate goal of informing a reference genome assembly and annotation. Moreover, this study will serve as a foundation for subsequent studies of genome-wide expression analyses during early orbivirus infection and dissecting the molecular mechanisms behind vector competence in midges.
Sclerotized protein in the shell matrix of a bivalve mollusc

The epsilon-amino groups of lysine and phenolic groups of tyrosine are most heavily concentrated in the newlydeposited organic matrix of the shell of the bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria. A phenoloxidase enzyme which oxidizes L-dihydroxyphenylalanine is present only in this “new” area of the shell matrix. Scanning electron micrographs of calcified secretions of the shell show that accretion lines, thought to be layers of organic matrix separating diurnal acceretions of calcium carbonate, are not developed until up to 4 d after deposition of shell material. These results suggest that the shell matrix is hardened by some kind of polymerization, and that lysine and tyrosine residues in the matrix are involved in the process. Accretion lines in polished and etched sections become visible only after complete hardening of the polymer occurs.
The interaction of pronunciation rules and lexical representations in reading aloud.

Two experiments examined the role of pronunciation rules and of lexical information in pronouncing letter strings. In Experiment 1, subjects pronounced pseudowords varying in the strength of the rules needed to pronounce them, as well as in the availability of a lexical model. In Experiment 2, the stimuli were words varying in rule strength and in usage frequency. The pronunciation times from both experiments displayed an interaction between rules and lexical information: When the rules necessary were strong, the relative availability of lexical information was less important than when the rules were weak. The results were discussed with respect to both traditional dual-process models of pronunciation and models proposing the use of lexical analogies.
Compatible Multichannel FM Broadcast System

The two channel FM Stereo Broadcast System1 in use today was extended by General Electric to a 4-channel system; and, in October 1971 this proposed General Electric 4-channel FM Stereophonic Broadcast System was successfully field-tested on an experimental basis in the Schenectady, New York area over radio station WGFM2. This system is compatible with present two-channel stereophonic and monophonic broadcast receivers, provides equal noise characteristics at the four audio outputs and allows the use of the Subsidiary Communication Authorization (SCA) channel at a higher 95 KHz subcarrier. The system transmits the full audio frequency range of 30 to 15,000 Hz on each of four audio channels and maintains at least 30 db audio separation between each of them. The measured harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion falls well within the existing FCC requirements for broadcast equipment.
PTSD symptoms, potentially traumatic event exposure, and binge drinking: A prospective study with a national sample of adolescents

Research demonstrates substantial comorbidity between PTSD and alcohol use disorders. Evidence for functional relationships between PTSD and problematic alcohol use has not always been consistent, and there have been few investigations with adolescent samples. Further, research has not consistently controlled for cumulative potentially traumatic event (PTE) exposure when examining prospective relationships between PTSD and problematic alcohol use (i.e., binge drinking). This study examines the prospective relationships between PTSD symptoms, problematic alcohol use, and cumulative PTE exposure measured at three time points over approximately three years among a nationally representative sample of adolescents exposed to at least one PTE (n=2399 and age range=12-17 at Wave 1). Results from parallel process latent growth curve models demonstrated that increases in cumulative PTE exposure over time positively predicted increases in both PTSD symptoms and binge drinking, whereas increases in PTSD symptoms and increases in binge drinking were not related when controlling for the effect of cumulative PTE exposure. Further analyses suggested that these relationships are specific to assaultive PTEs and are not found with non-assaultive PTEs. Theoretical implications are discussed. Language: en
A Complementary Mode of Beam-wave Interaction in Crossed Fields†

In a positive-sole crossed-field interaction region where the sole electrode is at a higher d.c. potential than the slow-wave structure, there exists a complementary mode of interaction such that the total wave amplitude as a function of distance in a, for ward-wave positive-sole interaction region is of the same general form as that obtained by normal (negative sole) backward-wave crossed-field interaction and vice versa. A small-signal analysis is developed for this mode of interaction and the excitation of boating displacement and charge density waves on the election stream in the case of forward-wave interaction is shown. Those waves beat at the first maximum (2πDN between 0·5 and 2·0) to produce an optimum r.f. modulation of the stream at that point. An efficient backward-wave amplifier of the complementary mode type is proposed.
Sliding window technique for dynamic spectrum sensing of an asynchronous primary user

Dynamic spectrum allocation is the most efficient way of allocating spectrum and reliable spectrum sensing is the core functionality of that idea. While most of the energy detection techniques deal with the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, few algorithms have been implemented to recognize vacant spectrum over frequency selective fading channels where the primary and secondary users are not mutually synchronized at the bit level. For that environment, we devise a novel technique that can efficiently detect the presence of a primary user with the help of its known symbols. Sliding window technique is used to combat the effect of interference in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment over the fading channels with different number of channel taps. Simulation results are performed to support the analysis.
Elucidating essential role of conserved carboxysomal protein CcmN reveals common feature of bacterial microcompartment assembly.

Bacterial microcompartments are organelles composed of a protein shell that surrounds functionally related proteins. Bioinformatic analysis of sequenced genomes indicates that homologs to shell protein genes are widespread among bacteria and suggests that the shell proteins are capable of encapsulating diverse enzymes. The carboxysome is a bacterial microcompartment that enhances CO2 fixation in cyanobacteria and some chemoautotrophs by sequestering ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and carbonic anhydrase in the microcompartment shell. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo characterization of CcmN, a protein of previously unknown function that is absolutely conserved in β-carboxysomal gene clusters. We show that CcmN localizes to the carboxysome and is essential for carboxysome biogenesis. CcmN has two functionally distinct regions separated by a poorly conserved linker. The N-terminal portion of the protein is important for interaction with CcmM and, by extension, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the carbonic anhydrase CcaA, whereas the C-terminal peptide is essential for interaction with the carboxysome shell. Deletion of the peptide abolishes carboxysome formation, indicating that its interaction with the shell is an essential step in microcompartment formation. Peptides with similar length and sequence properties to those in CcmN can be bioinformatically detected in a large number of diverse proteins proposed to be encapsulated in functionally distinct microcompartments, suggesting that this peptide and its interaction with its cognate shell proteins are common features of microcompartment assembly.
Model-Checking based Verification approach for advanced Industrial Automation solutions

Modern automation systems shall be able to conjugate increasing complexity of controlled processes with agile production reconfiguration requirements. In such a context, structured design approaches based on formal reference models as well as integrated verification and validation process, have to be adopted. To such an aim, present paper proposes an approach based on Model-Checking methods and tools oriented to the Verification of logic control systems in the field of Industrial Automation. In particular, graphical Stateflow based model deployment, Bounded Model Checking techniques and Model Coverage properties have been considered. Furthermore, the proposed approach have been applied regarding the development of the control solution for an automatic warehouse system integrated into a flexible shoes manufacturing plant.
Pharmacy access to emergency contraception in California.

Context: California is one of eight states that allow a woman to obtain emergency contraceptives from a pharmacy without a physician prescription. Because many women do not know about emergency contraception or direct pharmacy access it is important to understand barriers to getting the method and womens reasons for choosing the pharmacy option. Methods: In a 2004 survey at 25 predominantly independent pharmacies across California that offered pharmacy access 426 women completed questionnaires after obtaining emergency contraceptives. They were asked about their reasons for seeking the method the time of unprotected intercourse barriers to access how they learned about pharmacy access and their reasons for choosing it. Chi-square tests and analysis of variance were used to assess differences between subgroups. Results: Eighty-six percent of women wanted emergency contraceptives for immediate use and women obtained the method an average of 36 hours after unprotected intercourse. Those younger than 16 those who had had unprotected sex on the weekend and those who were embarrassed to ask for the method or who did not know about it all took a longer time to get the medication than did their respective comparison groups. Women who chose pharmacy access did so because they thought it was faster (54%) and more convenient (47%) than seeking a physician prescription. The majority reported that talking to a pharmacist was very helpful (84%) and that it was very important to be able to get the method directly from a pharmacy (81%). Conclusions: Increasing womens knowledge about emergency contraception and its availability directly from pharmacies has the potential to improve the effectiveness of this contraceptive method by reducing the time interval between unprotected intercourse and initiation of treatment. (authors)
Amplified reacquisition of nicotine self-administration in rats by repeated stress during abstinence

Rationale Quitting smoking is often very challenging, leading to frequent relapse. Exposure to acute and chronic stress during abstinence increases the likelihood of relapse to smoking. In rodents, stress acutely reinstates nicotine seeking after extinction of nicotine self-administration (SA). However, whether reacquisition of nicotine taking is amplified by chronic stress during abstinence from nicotine SA has not been determined in animals.
Joint-transform correlation under varying illumination

The effect of varying the illumination of the target scene on the performance of classical, binary, and fringe-adjusted joint-transform correlators is investigated. Simulation results show that the fringe-adjusted joint-transform correlator yields better correlation output than the classical or the binary joint-transform correlator under all illumination conditions of the target scene.
Serum Biomarkers for Experimental Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Rapid Elevation of Neuron-specific Enolase and S-100β

OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100beta protein are biomarkers for traumatic injury in an animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serum measurements of NSE and S-100beta and assays of serum protein were compared at 6 and 24 hours after a graded contusive SCI (150 or 200 kdyn IH impactor injury (Infinite Horizons, L.L.C., Lexington, KY) or sham laminectomy at T9 in 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats. Serum from control animals was also analyzed. RESULTS Increases in serum levels of NSE were observed for 200-kdyn (3.1-fold, P < 0.001) and 150-kdyn (2.3-fold, P < 0.001) injury groups at 6 hours after injury, which decreased by 73.7% (P < 0.001) and 65.2% (P < 0.001) at 24 hours after SCI, respectively; the levels were still greater than in sham animals (P < 0.001, P = 0.001). The 200- and 150-kdyn injury groups were not different at either time point. S-100beta serum levels increased at 6 hours in the 200-kdyn injury group (P < 0.05), and no differences from sham levels were seen at 24 hours. No differences in total protein concentrations were observed between the injury and control groups. CONCLUSION Present data suggest that NSE and S-100beta serum levels may be useful experimental tools for the acute measurement of tissue loss after SCI. Despite significant shortcomings, NSE and S-100beta serum measurements in acute SCI patients with clinically defined functional deficits should allow comparisons with well-characterized SCI animal models. Future efforts to develop biomarkers that predict functional outcomes in the acute phase should focus on axon-specific proteins as markers of secondary axonal loss and regeneration.
Entorhinal kindling permanently enhances Ca2+-dependentL-glutamate release in regio inferior of rat hippocampus

Abstract Rats were kindled to two consecutive class 5 seizures by once-daily entorhinal electrical stimulation. After one stimulus-free month, in vitro Ca2+-dependent, K+-stimulated endogenous amino acid release was measured in regio superior, regio inferior and dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. Ca2+-dependent l -glutamate release was robust in all 3 regions of controls and greatest in dentate gyrus; release of GABA and l -aspartate were significant in regio superior and dentate gyrus. l -Glutamate release was significantly enhanced in ipsilateral regio inferior of kindled hippocampus and tended to be greater contralaterally. This pattern was not seen in regio superior or dentate gyrus. These studies, in concert with others, suggest that Ca2+-dependent l -glutamate release in hippocampus is augmented by entorhinal kindling and that this enhanced release may be primarily from presynaptic granule cell mossy fiber projections.
Mitochondrial permeability transition in the switch from necrotic to apoptotic cell death in ischemic rat hepatocytes.

Background & Aims: Ischemia/reperfusion can initiate both necrotic and apoptotic death of hepatocytes. Previous work showed that onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) can initiate necrotic cell death after reperfusion, but the MPT is also implicated in apoptosis. Here, we investigated factors regulating how cell death switches from necrosis to apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods: Overnight cultured rat hepatocytes were incubated in anoxia at pH 6.2 for 4 hours and reoxygenated at pH 7.4 to simulate ischemia/reperfusion. Some cells were incubated with fructose plus glycine just before and then continuously after reperfusion. Development of apoptosis was evaluated by examining chromatin condensation, nuclear DNA fragmentation, and caspase 3 activity. Results: Reperfusion with the glycolytic substrate fructose plus the cytoprotective amino acid glycine prevented necrotic cell killing. Instead, apoptosis developed within 12 hours as shown by nuclear chromatin changes, TUNEL staining, and caspase 3 activation. This apoptotic cell killing was prevented by cyclosporin A, an MPT blocker, and by pancaspase and caspase 3 inhibition, but not by caspase 8 inhibition. Cyclosporin A also blocked caspase-3 activation. Reperfusion with glycine alone prevented necrotic cell death but did not induce apoptosis and only poorly promoted recovery of ATP, whereas fructose alone during reperfusion promoted both ATP recovery and apoptosis. Conclusions: Glycolytic ATP generation after reperfusion prevents necrotic killing of hepatocytes after simulated ischemia/reperfusion despite onset of the MPT. Instead, the MPT promotes caspase-and ATP-dependent apoptosis. Thus, the MPT is a common mechanism responsible for both necrosis and apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion.
Birthmarks: I. Vascular Nevi

Features of: —Salmon patch-no treatment necessary —Port-wine stain-cosmetics best therapy when on upper face associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome —Raised vascular nevi-no therapy necessary unless interfering with vital functions.
Physiological Effect of Organic Phosphorus Insecticides on Several Species of Fish

Abstract Fish brain acetylcholinesterase is inhibited in vivo by organic phosphorus insecticides at concentrations of 0.1 mg/1 and lower. The degree of inhibition is a function of the concentration of the insecticide, the extent of exposure, specific chemical nature of the inhibiting substance, and fish species. Species used were largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Fish removed from exposure to acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides, prior to reaching lethal limits, demonstrate the capacity for regeneration of this enzyme. The time required to regenerate the brain acetylcholinesterase to normal levels depends on the extent of the initial inhibition, the specific nature of the compound producing the inhibition, and the particular species. The curve of brain enzyme inactivation and recovery, as defined by percentage changes in normal activity, describes ...
The Testing Of Large Telescope Systems Using Multiple Subapertures

This paper describes an experiment, currently in progress at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory, on the testing of telescope systems using multiple subapertures for the auto-collimating optics. This method of optical testing is being considered as a cost-effective means for testing large aperture telescope systems of the future. While much progress has been made in finding analytical techniques for reconstructing the full-aperture wavefront from the subaperture data, no experiment has been performed to verify these analytical techniques. Several theoretical aspects of subaperture testing are described with the help of the Thunen-Kwon analytical technique and a covariance matrix calculation. Among these aspects are the contribution of each full-aperture Zernike polynomial to subaperture tilt, and the difficulty in detecting certain Zernike aberrations due to the symmetry of the subaperture configuration. No experimental results were available at the time of this writing, but the experiment plan is described. The aim of the experiment is to show that aberrations introduced into a wavefront by an optical system may be correctly retrieved using subaperture testing.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The optokinetic response under open and closed loop conditions in the monkey.

The spatial and temporal characteristics of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) were investigated in the alert rhesus monkey under open and closed-loop conditions. One eye of each animal was immobilized by transection of the 3rd, 4th and 6th nerve intracranially. On optokinetic stimulation of the paralytic eye (open-loop) with the monkey's head restrained, eye movement records of the occluded, moving eye demonstrate a gradually increasing OKN, its slow phase reaching angular velocities much faster than pattern speed. This runaway effect is discussed in terms of the “corollary discharge” concept. Similarities of optokinetic and post-rotatory vestibular after-nystagmus are discussed. Investigation of the spatial parameters shows that the size of perifoveal areas successfully stimulated to elicit optokinetic nystagmus is relatively small under open-loop conditions and that this size depends on the distance of the stimulated area from the fovea, the minimum field diameter being an exponential function of excentricity. The preparation is shown to be useful for objective measurements of visual functions in the experimental monkey.
Stochastic estimation of coherent structures in turbulent boundary layers

The stochastic estimation provides a means of estimating conditional averages from unconditional statistics, namely, the two‐point correlation tensor. This technique is applied to three‐dimensional data obtained in a fully turbulent boundary layer. The results of linear and nonlinear estimates are compared to the corresponding conditional averages and the agreement is found to be excellent, with little improvement for nonlinear estimates. Extensions of the technique to space‐time estimates of one‐ and two‐point conditional averages are also presented, the latter providing a means to examine structures associated with a given length scale.
Education--The Bridge to Ocean Exploration

Institutions make an impact on society basically through the product they produce. One of the most important and least expensive of these products is EDUCATION, its benefits as a commodity is priceless to people whose concern is with the Economics and Energy of our Environment. The University of the District of Columbia, Van Ness Campus (formerly Washington Technical Institute) received Sea Grant funds of $208,000 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, between 1972 and 1974 to develop a Marine Science Technology Program. This paper details that program.
Large scintillation cells for high sensitivity radon concentration measurements

Abstract Methods for improving the sensitivity of scintillation cells for radon concentration measurements were studied with emphasis on improving light collection efficiency. This allows the length and hence the volume of the cell to be increased. Variables studied were choice of scintillator material, its method of application and thickness, length of cell, cell material, type and configuration of reflectors, choice of photomultipliers, and factors affecting background. Response from various areas of the cell surface was studied with an alpha source and with radon filling. Coating the window with phosphor was found to be counter-productive. The optimum results obtained were with the inside of the cell (other than the window) covered with a thick layer of ZnS(Ag), or with a thick layer of reflective material coated with a thin layer of phosphor. With it, a 10 cm diameter plexiglass cell can be extended to at least 50 cm length without difficulty from insufficient pulse height.
Ciliary contractile model applied to sperm flagellar motion.

Abstract The contractile model developed previously to describe ciliary motions was applied to the case of invertebrate sperm flagella. The model could describe waveforms of these flagella as a function of the flagellar frequency and as a function of the external viscosity. Rapid spontaneous transients from rest to motion were also correctly described by the model. The calculations showed that the time course of the internal, active, moments during a cycle is only weakly displayed in the time course of the transverse motion of the flagella. This is apparently due to nonlinearities which suppress higher harmonics in the frequency spectrum of the active moments. The local curvature of the flagella was found to follow the time course of the internal, active moments directly. It is concluded that to derive the time course of the active contractile moments from the transverse motion, data on the flagellar motion with a position accuracy of 0·1 μm and with a time resolution of 1 msec are required. For curvature data an accuracy of 50 cm−1 and a time resolution of 2·5 msec would suffice.
Advances in modeling the effects of selected parameters on the SLS process

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a leading process for developing rapid prototype objects by selectively fusing layers of powder according to numerically defined cross‐sectional geometry. The process has the potential to become an indispensable industrial tool. However, continuous process improvement is necessary. Improved understanding of the parameter effects on the process response is expected to lead to process advances. In this work the analytical problem describing the energy delivery, heat transfer and sintering process along with other pertinent phenomena is studied. Physical experiments and implementation of a numerical simulation are conducted using Bisphenol‐A polycarbonate. The effects of selected parameters on the SLS process response are examined. The primary parameters of interest are the laser power, laser beam velocity, hatch spacing, laser beam spot size and scan line length. This work shows that the secondary process parameters, delay period and number of effective exposures have a significant influence on the process response.
Backscatter of a large rotating conducting cylinder of arbitrary cross section

A quasi-stationary method in conjunction with geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) techniques is used for calculating the backscattered field from a large rotating conducting cylinder with an arbitrary cross section. Using this method, the scattered field at each time t is obtained as if the cylinder were stationary. The power density spectrum is then obtained using a Fourier transform. The backscattcr power density spectrum of a large rotating cylinder consists of discrete spectral lines. For an orthogonal polygon-cylinder rotating about its geometrical center axis, the backscatter power density spectrum is symmetric about the incident frequency.
Casque infection, resolution, and subsequent repneumatization in a trumpeter hornbill (Bycanistes buccinator)

A 26-year-old male trumpeter hornbill (Bycanistes buccinator) presented with acute onset ataxia and incoordination. The animal had undergone a sinusotomy for excisional biopsy of a casque mass two ...
Self-Monitoring and Perceptions of Furniture Styles

Research investigating the psychological construct of self-monitoring has clearly demonstrated that individuals categorized as high self-monitors are quite aware of the situational and interpersonal factors that specify appropriate behavior in social situations and reflect this awareness in their public self-presentation. On the other hand, individuals categorized as low self-monitors are more aware of their own feelings and attitudes and so use this information in determining their public self-presentation (Snyder, 1974, 1979; Snyder & Monson, 1975). In terms of actual self-presentation strategies, differences in self-monitoring sentiments are reflected in differences among individuals in their perceptions and judgments of "possessions" which may be used in visual "props" in their self-presentations. It apears that high selflnonitors are more aware of and prefer visual props which reflect an image or status orientation than are low self-monitors. For example, it has been reported that high self-monitors prefer advertisements which promote the image appeal, while low self-monitors prefer advertisements which promote the quality of fashion apparel products (Lennon, Davis, & Fairhurst, 1986) and of whiskey, cigarettes, and coffee products (Snyder & DeBono, 1985). Davis and Lennon (1985) found that high self-monitors relative to low selfmonitors have greater concern with the image and social appropriateness of clothing, compare their clothing more with others' clothing in social situations, use clothing as a means of attracting attention to themselves more, and score higher in fashion opinion leadership. In addition, in judgments of potential dating partners, high self-monitors placed greater importance on the physical appearance of the potential date but low self-monitors placed greater importance on the personality of the potential date (Snyder, Berscheid, & Glick, 1985 ). Another prop individuals may use in their self-presentations is home furnishings. Similar to clothing, home furnishings are perceived as a personal
The value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in predicting common bile duct stones in patients with gallstone disease.

Background: The application of available predictive scoring systems for the detection of common bile duct (CBD) stones has not reduced the number of patients who undergo unnecessary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The aim of this study was to create a predictive model for CBD stones and to assess the value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in prediction. Methods: In 1998, 366 patients with gallstone disease (118 males, 248 females; mean age 57 (range 8–84) years) underwent cholecystectomy. Statistical analysis was performed on patient data obtained at the time of first presentation. Results: CBD stones were demonstrated in 43 (12 per cent) of 366 patients. The predictive model for common duct stones included ultrasonography showing CBD stones or bile duct dilatation, age greater than 60 years, fever, serum alkaline phosphatase level above 670 units/l and serum amylase level above 95 units/l. In patients with a predicted probability greater than 5 per cent, CBD stones were present in 11 per cent, compared with 1 per cent in patients with a probability of 5 per cent or less. MRCP had an observed sensitivity of 95 per cent, specificity of 100 per cent, positive predictive value of 100 per cent and negative predictive value of 98 per cent. Conclusion: In patients with a predicted probability for CBD stones of more than 5 per cent, MRCP is recommended in order to confirm the presence or absence of stones and as guidance in further management. Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Beyond “Place” Translocal Placemaking of the Hmong Diaspora

For many migrants and refugees, place provides a common sense of territorial identity despite these groups having roots elsewhere. Using the case of the Hmong diaspora, the following calls for a re...
Packing Optimization by Enhanced Rubber Band Analogy

In this paper, some new developments to the packing optimization method based on the rubber band analogy are presented. This method solves packing problems by simulating the physical movements of a set of objects wrapped by a rubber band in the case of two-dimensional problems or by a rubber balloon in the case of three-dimensional problems. The objects are subjected to elastic forces applied by the rubber band to their vertices as well as reaction forces when contacts between objects occur. Based on these forces, objects translate or rotate until maximum compactness is reached. To improve the compactness further, the method is enhanced by adding two new operators: volume relaxation and temporary retraction. These two operators allow temporary volume (elastic energy) increase to get potentially better packing results. The method is implemented and applied for three-dimensional arbitrary shape objects.© 2005 ASME
Quasi-equilibrium dynamics of shear-stratified turbulence in a model tropospheric jet

Direct numerical simulations are performed to study the dynamics of an inhomogeneous stratified shear flow that models an atmospheric jet centred at the tropopause across which the density stratification is non-uniform. Small to moderate background stratifications are selected, and simulations are conducted for a range of Reynolds and Froude numbers. A spectral domain decomposition method that is particularly suitable for simulations of non-uniformly stratified shear flows is developed to simulate the desired turbulent jet, and quasi-equilibrium flow fields are obtained by long-time integration of governing equations. The structures of the mean flow and turbulence fields are calculated, which are interpreted using relevant length scales (Ozmidov, buoyancy, shear, Ellison) and Richardson number profiles. The ratios of the Ellison to buoyancy scales are much smaller than unity at the jet core and approach unity at the edges, confirming that mechanical turbulence prevails in the jet core, while nonlinear waves and stratification effects are dominating at the jet edges. The jet core is found to support sustained mechanical (active) turbulence, outside which lay a region of patchy turbulence and nonlinear gravity wave activity characterized by spatially decaying velocity fluctuations and strong temperature fluctuations. Detailed energy budgets show how energy is partitioned within the flow, including the transport of energy from the jet to its immediate vicinity by nonlinear gravity waves.
Ruthenium complexes of ligands containing the ferroin group as fluorescent precipitation indicators for Iodimetry

Abstract Chelates of rutlienium(II) with several methyl-substituted derivatives of 1,10-phenanthrolinc and 2,2'-bipyridine were studied as fluorescent-precipitation indicators for iodimotry. Accurate results were obtained under various conditions where starch will not function. The indicators are stable in solution, sensitive and reversible, and are particularly useful for titrations in colored or very dilute solutions.
The Schrödinger Equation with a Potential in Rough Motion

This paper proves endpoint Strichartz estimates for the linear Schrodinger equation in ℝ3, with a time-dependent potential that keeps a constant profile and is subject to a rough motion, which need not be differentiable and may be large in norm. The potential is also subjected to a time-dependent rescaling, with a non-differentiable dilation parameter. We use the Strichartz estimates to prove the non-dispersion of bound states, when the path is small in norm, as well as boundedness of energy. We also include a sample nonlinear application of the linear results.
Magnetic Shear and Cross-Field Currents: Roles in the Evolution of the Pre-Coronal Mass Ejection Corona

A widely used approximation in modeling the solar corona is to assume that the magnetic field is force free, in which case all electric currents flow parallel to the magnetic field. However, observations of the large-scale corona show clearly the presence of nonradial density variations and thus, presumably, nonradial pressure gradients. In equilibrium, such pressure gradients must be balanced by magnetic forces arising from cross-field currents. It is possible that these deviations from force-free conditions play a significant role in the evolution of the corona, particularly in the evolution leading to the large-scale eruptions known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In this work we explore the role of cross-field currents in the evolution of a model corona involving a simple magnetic arcade in magnetostatic equilibrium, neglecting the solar wind flow. Our formalism builds on the generating-function approach used in some force-free modeling but transcends the limitation to force-free conditions by introducing a second generating function representing a nonhydrostatic pressure distribution and associated cross-field electric currents. The results show that the presence of cross-field currents makes our model corona more prone to eruptive behavior than a strictly force-free corona. This effect may be relevant to the onset of CMEs, suggesting that the coronal conditions most likely to result in mass ejections are those in which both field-aligned and cross-field currents are present.
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders and Acupuncture

During the last decades, numerous studies have been performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of acupuncture or electroacupuncture (EA) on gastrointestinal motility and patients with functional gastrointestinal diseases. A PubMed search was performed on this topic and all available studies published in English have been reviewed and evaluated. This review is organized based on the gastrointestinal organ (from the esophagus to the colon), components of gastrointestinal motility and the functional diseases related to specific motility disorders. It was found that the effects of acupuncture or EA on gastrointestinal motility were fairly consistent and the major acupuncture points used in these studies were ST36 and PC6. Gastric motility has been mostly studied, whereas much less information is available on the effect of EA on small and large intestinal motility or related disorders. A number of clinical studies have been published, investigating the therapeutic effects of EA on a number of functional gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. However, the findings of these clinical studies were inconclusive. In summary, acupuncture or EA is able to alter gastrointestinal motility functions and improve gastrointestinal motility disorders. However, more studies are needed to establish the therapeutic roles of EA in treating functional gastrointestinal diseases.
Superior mesenteric artery occlusion in dogs: a model to produce the spectrum of intestinal ischemia.

Abstract A surgical model in dogs, which can reliably simulate the spectrum of changes seen in intestinal ischemia in man by varying the length and extent of ischemic bowel, is presented. Ischemia of a precise segment of bowel was produced by ligation and transection of a branch of superior mesenteric artery. Dogs with ischemia of 60 cm or less of the bowel survived, and the bowel showed no ischemic changes, whereas ischemia of 110 cm or more of the bowel was not compatible with survival and generally resulted in infarction. The intermediate group with ischemia of 65–105 cm of the bowel revealed significant ischemic changes with ulceration and occasionally stricture formation.
Help wanted: A profile of institutional research, 1970–1985

Institutional research has been profiled several times in the literature. These profiles have typically included only an examination of the history and functions of the profession. A different perspective of the field is obtained from a content analysis of the employment classified advertising published in theChronicle of Higher Education from 1970 through 1985. Using this technique of analysis, it is possible to compare and contrast institutional research as it appears in literature with the profile of the field obtained from the content analysis. The functions of institutional research and the qualifications of the people employed to perform these functions have changed since the advent of the profession. Institutional research, its past, the qualifications of its people, and possibilities for the future are examined in this paper.
Behavioral risk factors and their relationship to tumor characteristics in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white long-term breast cancer survivors

Hispanics are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer at a younger age, with more advanced stage at diagnosis, hormone receptor-negative tumors, and worse prognosis than non-Hispanic whites (NHW). Little is known regarding the association between behavioral risk factors and breast tumor characteristics and whether these associations vary by race/ethnicity. We evaluated the association between several behavioral risk factors and tumor phenotype in a population-based study of Hispanics and NHWs. Participants are cases (846 Hispanic and 1,625 NHW women) diagnosed with breast cancer between 1999 and 2004 in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, or Utah. The association between breast cancer characteristics and obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, and reproductive factors was examined. Logistic regression was used to compute the ethnic-specific odds ratios for the association between these risk factors and estrogen receptor (ER) status, tumor size, and histologic grade. Hispanics had more ER-negative tumors (28 vs. 20%), tumors >2 cm (39 vs. 27%), and poorly differentiated tumors (84 vs. 77%) than NHW. Among premenopausal women, obesity was associated with more ER-negative cancers among NHW [OR = 2.47 (95% CI: 1.08, 5.67)] but less ER-negative cancers among Hispanics [OR = 0.29 (0.13, 0.66)]. Obesity was associated with larger tumors among NHW [OR = 1.58 (1.09, 2.29)], but not among Hispanics. Never using mammography was associated with larger tumors in both ethnic groups. Moderate alcohol drinking and moderate and vigorous physical activity were weakly associated with smaller tumors in both ethnic groups. Our findings suggest that the association of obesity and other behavioral risk factors with breast cancer characteristics differ by ethnicity. We observed a divergent pattern between Hispanic and NHW cases in the association between obesity and ER status and tumor size. These observations suggest that a complex set of metabolic and hormonal factors related to estrogen and insulin pathways influence tumor characteristics.