cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of progesterone receptor serine 400 mediates ligand-independent transcriptional activity in response to activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2

Human progesterone receptors (PR) are phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CDK2) at multiple sites, including Ser400. Herein, we have addressed the significance of phosphorylation of this residue. PR phospho-Ser400-specific antibodies revealed regulated phosphorylation of Ser400 in response to progestins and mitogens, and this correlated with increased CDK2 levels and activity. Expression of cyclin E elevated CDK2 activity and downregulated PR independently of ligand. Similarly, overexpression of activated mutant CDK2 increased PR transcriptional activity in the absence and presence of progestin. Mutation of PR Ser400 to alanine (S400A) blocked CDK2-induced PR activity in the absence, but not in the presence, of progestin. PR was unresponsive to activated CDK2 in breast cancer cells with elevated p27, and RNA interference knock-down of p27 partially restored CDK2-induced ligand-independent PR activation. Similarly, in p27−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts, elevated CDK2 activity increased wild-type (wt) but not S400A PR transcriptional activity in the absence of progestin. CDK2 induced nuclear localization of unliganded wt but not S400A PR; liganded S400A PR exhibited delayed nuclear accumulation. These studies demonstrate that CDK2 regulates PR in the absence of progestins via phosphorylation of Ser400, thus revealing a novel mechanism for upregulated PR transcriptional activity in human breast cancer cells expressing altered cell cycle regulatory molecules.
Synthesis of equalized broadband gain in one-pump fiber-optic parametric amplifiers

A record continuous-wave one-pump fiber-optic parametric amplifier with a 4-dB equalized gain bandwidth over 140nm was constructed. The importance of employing an accurate dispersion fluctuation map in the synthesis of wideband equalized parametric response was experimentally verified.
Carbon dioxide and ammonia detection using 2 μm diode laser based quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy

Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy was employed for trace gas concentration measurements of CO2 and NH3 using a continuous wave thermoelectrically cooled, distributed feedback diode laser operating at 2 μm. A normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient, NNEA(1σ)=1.4×10-8 cm-1W/\(\sqrt{\text{Hz}}\) was obtained for CO2 using the R18 line of the 2ν1+ν3 band at 4991.26 cm-1. This corresponds to minimum detection limit (1σ) of 18 parts per million (ppm) for a 1 s lock-in time constant. The influence of the H2O presence in the sample gas mixture on the CO2 sensor performance was investigated. Ammonia detection was performed using the PP6(6)S line of the ν3+ν4 band at 4986.99 cm-1. A detection limit (1σ) of 3 ppm for NH3 concentration with a 1 s lock-in time constant was achieved. This results in a normalized noise equivalent absorption of NNEA(1σ)=8.9×10-9 cm-1W/\(\sqrt{\text{Hz}}\).
ON THE EPISODIC NATURE OF DERECHO-PRODUCING CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED STATES

Convectively generated windstorms occur over broad temporal and spatial scales; however, one of the larger-scale and most intense of these windstorms has been given the name ‘derecho’. This study illustrates the tendency for derechoproducing mesoscale convective systems to group together across the United States – forming a derecho series. The derecho series is recognized as any succession of derechos that develop within a similar synoptic environment with no more than 72 h separating individual events. A derecho dataset for the period 1994–2003 was assembled to investigate the groupings of these extremely damaging convective wind events. Results indicate that over 62% of the derechos in the dataset were members of a derecho series. On average, nearly six series affected the United States annually. Most derecho series consisted of two or three events; though, 14 series during the period of record contained four or more events. Two separate series involved nine derechos within a period of nine days. Analyses reveal that derecho series largely frequent regions of the Midwest, Ohio Valley, and the south–central Great Plains during May, June, and July. Results suggest that once a derecho occurred during May, June, or July, there was a 58% chance that this event was the first of a series of two or more, and about a 46% chance that this was the first of a derecho series consisting of three or more events. The derecho series climatology reveals that forecasters in regions frequented by derechos should be prepared for the probable regeneration of a derecho-producing convective system after an initial event occurs. Copyright  2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
GENERIC CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM FOR ERGODIC SCHR ¨ ODINGER OPERATORS

We consider discrete Schrodinger operators on the line with poten- tials generated by a minimal homeomorphism on a compact metric space and a continuous sampling function. We introduce the concepts of topological and metric repetition property. Assuming that the underlying dynamical system satisfies one of these repetition properties, we show using Gordon's Lemma that for a generic continuous sampling function, the associated Schrodinger operators have no eigenvalues in a topological or metric sense, respectively. We present a number of applications, particularly to shifts and skew-shifts on the torus.
Mortality and histopathology of germ-free rats and mice exposed to 100 percent oxygen.

Mortality and histopathology of germ-free rats and mice exposed to pure oxygen, noting effect of chronic respiratory condition
Capillary morphogenesis during human endothelial cell invasion of three-dimensional collagen matrices

Here, we describe assay systems that utilize serum-free defined media to evaluate capillary morphogenesis during human endothelial cell (EC) invasion of three-dimensional collagen matrices. ECs invade these matrices over a 1-3-d period to form capillary tubes. Blocking antibodies to the alpha2beta1 integrin interfere with invasion and morphogenesis while other integrin blocking antibodies do not. Interestingly, we observed increased invasion of ECs toward a population of underlying ECs undergoing morphogenesis. In addition, we have developed assays on microscope slides that display the invasion process horizontally, thereby enhancing our ability to image these events. Thus far, we have observed intracellular vacuoles that appear to regulate the formation of capillary lumens, and extensive cell processes that facilitate the interconnection of ECs during morphogenic events. These assays should enable further investigation of the morphologic steps and molecular events controlling human capillary tube formation in three-dimensional extracellular matrices.
Brittle Fractures Explained by Negative Residuals

Hypothesis presented is that residual lateral compressive stresses may suppress ductility across notch and permit cleavage fracture to occur; theoretical explanation is given; tests made at Brown Univ on precompressed notched plates tested in tension (and on comparable cylinders) are used to check this principle; they provide substantiation within range of specimen geometry used.
Neonatal synapse elimination in the rat submandibular ganglion: effect of retarded target growth

1. We have studied synapse elimination in the submandibular ganglion of neonatal rats to determine the effects of retarded target growth on synaptic development. Neurons of this ganglion provide parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. 2. Ligating the main salivary ducts 2–4 days after birth at a point where nerve fibers were not damaged reduces gland weight by 55% during the 2nd wk after birth and 80% by adulthood. 3. In control animals, the average number of preganglionic inputs/neuron normally declines steadily during the first few weeks after birth, before stabilizing during the 5th wk at the control adult level. Between birth and adulthood, the number of ganglionic neurons increases by 150%. 4. Ganglia from duct-ligated animals showed an acceleration in the process of synapse elimination. Input number in experimental ganglia reached the control adult level during the 3rd wk after birth. This acceleration is confined solely to ganglia that innervate the underdeveloped glands. 5. The loss of inputs was not further enhanced by prolonged target atrophy. Thus average input numbers to neurons of 5th wk or adult experimental ganglia were not different from age-matched control values. 6. No differences from control values were seen in most cases for resting potentials, input resistances, or cell size. However, the increase in neuron number was retarded in experimental animals, and the number of synapses/neuronal profile was reduced in the adult animals. 7. Thus subnormal target growth leads to an acceleration in the process of synaptic elimination in neonatal rats. This acceleration may be mediated by alterations in the level of trophic factors emanating from the target.
tRNAs taking charge

Most bacterial toxins derived from chromosomally encoded toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems that have been studied to date appear to protect cells from relatively short pulses of stress by triggering a reversible state of growth arrest. In contrast to many bacterial toxins that are produced as defense mechanisms and secreted from their hosts, TA toxins exert their protective effect from within the cell that produces them. TA toxin-mediated growth arrest is most frequently achieved through their ability to selectively cleave RNA species that participate in protein synthesis. Until very recently, it was thought that the primary conduit for toxin-mediated translation inhibition was cleavage of a single class of RNA, mRNA, thus depleting transcripts and precluding production of essential proteins. This minireview focuses on how the development and implementation of a specialized RNA-seq method to study Mycobacterium tuberculosis TA systems enabled the identification of unexpected RNA targets for toxins, i.e. a handful of tRNAs that are cleaved into tRNA halves. Our result brings to light a new perspective on how these toxins may act in this pathogen and uncovers a striking parallel to signature features of the eukaryotic stress response.
Disease and Globalized Anarchy: Theoretical Perspectives on the Pursuit of Global Health

The visibility of public health in world politics has increased because of epidemics, such as HIV/AIDS, and tensions between public health and international trade, including those related to patents and access to essential medicines. Advocacy for raising the profile of public health on diplomatic agendas raises fundamental theoretical questions about public health: why should public health be higher on global diplomatic agendas, and how should the pursuit of better public health globally be structured and implemented? This article explores answers to these questions provided by traditional theory on public health and analyzes the problems the anarchical context of international relations poses for such answers. A major part of this analysis utilizes theories from the discipline of international relations – realism, institutionalism, liberalism, and social constructivism – to illuminate theoretical challenges global health advocacy faces in making public health more important in world politics. These theories help identify a theoretical conundrum that public health faces, and the article considers various ways in which to handle this conundrum in light of the desire to increase the role public health plays in international relations.
Humanizing Intensive Care: Theory, Evidence, and Possibilities

Intensive care units (ICUs) are showcases for many of the most stunning technological advances in medicine. Survival from once routinely fatal diseases is rapidly increasing [1]. Unfortunately, the severity of illness and the invasiveness of intensive therapies can make the ICU a brutal place for all involved [2, 3]. Patients report violations of their dignity and most survivors and family members experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [4]. For patients who die in or shortly after the ICU stay, many of the deaths will have been deformed by an overemphasis on medical technology [5]. ICU admission may threaten the individual’s sense of self, both from the threat of annihilation through death and the dehumanization attendant to critical illness, its treatments, and clinician behaviors [2]. The sometimes brutal realities of contemporary ICU care are generating appropriate debates about how to humanize the ICU. Several possible solutions have been proposed [6], but the topic has often been associated with a lack of clear thinking, particularly in the ICU.
Large area selective emitters/absorbers based on 2D tantalum photonic crystals for high-temperature energy applications

We report highly selective emitters based on high-aspect ratio 2D photonic crystals (PhCs) fabricated on large area (2 inch diameter) polycrystalline tantalum substrates, suitable for high-temperature operation. As an example we present an optimized design for a selective emitter with a cut-off wavelength of 2μm, matched to the bandgap of an InGaAs PV cell, achieving a predicted spectral selectivity of 56.6% at 1200K. We present a fabrication route for these tantalum PhCs, based on standard microfabrication processes including deep reactive ion etch of tantalum by an SF6 based Bosch process, achieving high-aspect ratio cavities (< 8:1). Interference lithography was used to facilitate large area fabrication, maintaining both fabrication precision and uniformity, with a cavity diameter variation of less than 2% across the substrate. The fabricated tantalum PhCs exhibit strong enhancement of the emittance at wavelengths below cut-off wavelength, approaching that of blackbody, and a steep cut-off between high and low emittance spectral regions. Moreover, detailed simulations and numerical modeling show excellent agreement with experimental results. In addition, we propose a surface protective coating, which acts as a thermal barrier coating and diffusion inhibitor, and its conformal fabrication by atomic layer deposition.
Abstract 2189: Molecular similarity of Barrett’s-associated and gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinomas

The incidence of Barrett’s-derived esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJAC) are rapidly increasing in western countries. Our recent efforts identified cell surface peptides that target Barrett’s(BE)-associated EAC for early detection by fluorescent endoscopy however these markers only identify a subset of tumors due to molecular heterogeneity. We also observe that >30% of esophagectomy patients present with GEJAC with no evidence of Barrett9s metaplasia. Although the etiology of both cancers appears similar, a detailed molecular comparison of EAC and GEJAC is lacking. Our goal was to compare molecular profiles for these two cancer types to develop a panel of either universal, or cancer-type specific cell surface markers to facilitate early detection. We utilized two pre-existing datasets that performed whole-exome sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analysis in a combined cohort of GEJAC and EACs. When assessing the rate of non-silent mutations, gene specific mutations, and CNV changes, no significance differences were observed between GEJAC and EAC. For a comparative characterization of the expression profiles of EAC and GEJAC we utilized Affymetrix mRNA analysis of 123 GEJAC and EAC. Normal gastric and esophageal squamous tissues were used as controls. Principal component analysis of the tumors showed little separation between the two tumor classes (PC#1 and #3, p-value = .03 for t-test of EAC vs. GEJAC). When performing ANOVA analysis of GEJAC and EAC we observed 305 genes with p-value1.3. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the 123 tumors revealed two main clusters (Cluster 1 n = 58, Cluster 2 n = 64) with no enrichment of tumor type in either cluster (Clus. 1 vs. Clus. 2, GEJAC and EAC p-value = 0.067). These observations suggest that there few differences at the transcription level between GEJAC vs. EAC. Multi-platform (mutation, CNV and mRNA expression) molecular characterization of GEJAC and EAC tumors revealed no significant differences between tumor types suggesting that shared molecular processes are likely involved in the development of these tumors. We then used the 123 GEJAC/EAC expression data, along with our previous cohort of 46 samples representing BE progression to EAC, in order to identify potential cell surface coding genes specifically overexpressed within the combined cancer cohort. We identified >20 cell surface coding genes that were over-expressed (FC>2, p-value Citation Format: Daysha Ferrer-Torres, Derek Nancarrow, Rork Kuick, Ernest Nadal, Thomas D. Wang, Andrew Chang, Jules Lin, Rishindra M. Reddy, David G Beer. Molecular similarity of Barrett’s-associated and gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2189. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2189
A Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide Is Active against Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer

The LREX' prostate cancer model is resistant to the antiandrogen enzalutamide via activation of an alternative nuclear hormone receptor (NHR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which has similar DNA binding specificity to the androgen receptor (AR). Small molecules that target DNA to interfere with protein-DNA interactions may retain activity against enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancers where ligand binding domain antagonists are ineffective. We reported previously that a pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamide designed to bind the consensus androgen response element half-site has antitumor activity against hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. In enzalutamide-resistant LREX' cells, Py-Im polyamide interfered with both androgen receptor- and glucocorticoid receptor-driven gene expression, while enzalutamide interfered with only that of androgen receptor. Genomic analyses indicated immediate interference with the androgen receptor transcriptional pathway. Long-term treatment with Py-Im polyamide demonstrated a global decrease in RNA levels consistent with inhibition of transcription. The polyamide was active against two enzalutamide-resistant xenografts with minimal toxicity. Overall, our results identify Py-Im polyamide as a promising therapeutic strategy in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer.
Spirometric Criteria for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Clinical Trials of Pharmacotherapy.

Clinical trials of pharmacotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often include older persons with moderate-to-severe airflow-obstruction, as defined by the Global Initiative for c...
Expected Value of Crossbred Dairy Cattle Artificial Insemination Breeding Strategies in Virgin Heifers and Lactating Cows

Abstract Research on sexed semen breeding techniques has largely focused on purebred cattle production systems and little work has been done evaluating sexed semen use in crossbred dairy cattle. Complementing a crossbreeding reproduction strategy with sexed semen artificial insemination (AI) has the potential to increase profit potential of sexed semen technology in the short and long run. The objective of this project was to estimate and compare the expected net present value (NPV) of reproduction management programs considering several conventional and sexed semen breeding strategies, cow ages, and breed compositions. While the potential benefits of sexed semen are varied, it is important to note that the focus of this study is on the economic returns to the breeding program. This is not a life-cycle analysis, and therefore, only the sexed semen costs and returns that directly impact the returns to the breeding program are considered. Specifically, a NPV model that incorporates dystocia and stillbirth costs, in addition to improved fertility of crossbred cattle (over purebred cattle), directly into the expected NPV calculation is developed. Increased use of crossbred dairy cattle in the United States make this research particularly timely and relevant. Consistent with previous research, results indicate that pure conventional semen AI and a mixed strategy with one sexed semen AI followed by conventional semen were generally the preferred breeding strategies in terms of expected NPV across all breeds and dam ages evaluated. Similarly, our results also support previous findings that the expected NPV of breeding programs for virgin heifers were consistently higher than lactating cows. In terms of breeds, the crossbreed scenarios generally produced higher expected NPV than scenarios for purebred Holsteins. The most influential factors resulting in these higher returns were the higher cumulative pregnancy rates associated with the crossbreds. Reproductive benefits of crossbred dairy cattle may be able to alleviate some economic pressure currently associated with poor dairy reproduction with AI breeding strategies (especially those incorporating sexed semen). However, it is important to note the likely tradeoffs associated with improvements in fertility (e.g., reduced milk production), the consideration of which is necessary to maximize whole farm profitability.
Genotyping of individual Ceratonova shasta (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) myxospores reveals intra-spore ITS-1 variation and invalidates the distinction of genotypes II and III

Genotypes of the myxosporean parasite Ceratonova shasta are defined by the number of ATC repeats in the parasite's ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region 1. These genotypes correlate with specific salmonid fish hosts. We observed coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with mixtures of genotypes II and III, and assumed that this was a consequence of fish having an aggregate infection from multiple individual parasites. We hypothesized that although multiple ITS copies are present within a parasite spore, the DNA sequences of these copies are identical, and thus individual C. shasta spores are a single genotype. We tested this by extracting and sequencing DNA from individual myxospores. We trialed three approaches for in-tube DNA extraction; digestion with proteinase K was superior to simply rehydrating spores, or incubation in the buffer. Sequences from 14 myxospores were each a mixture of genotypes II and III. Therefore, intra-genomic ribosomal DNA variants exist within individual parasite spores, and II and III should no longer be regarded as discrete C. shasta genotypes. This single-spore genotyping approach will be a useful tool for testing validity of other C. shasta genotypes, and for correctly matching genotype with phenotype for mixed infections of other myxozoan species.
A detailed study of ray tracing performance: render time and energy cost

Optimizations for ray tracing have typically focused on decreasing the time taken to render each frame. However, in modern computer systems it may actually be more important to minimize the energy used, or some combination of energy and render time. Understanding the time and energy costs per ray can enable the user to make conscious trade-offs between image quality and time/energy budget in a complete system. To facilitate this, in this paper we present a detailed study of per-ray time and energy costs for ray tracing. Specifically, we use path tracing, broken down into distinct kernels, to carry out an extensive study of the fine-grained contributions in time and energy for each ray over multiple bounces. As expected, we have observed that both the time and energy costs are highly correlated with data movement. Especially in large scenes that do not mostly fit in on-chip caches, accesses to DRAM not only account for the majority of the energy use, but also the corresponding stalls dominate the render time.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is not increased in angiotensin II (AngII)-stimulated neurons overexpressing superoxide dismutase (SOD)

Previous studies have shown that SOD overexpression in neurons inhibits AngII intra-neuronal signaling; thus, suggesting that superoxide radicals (O2•−) are key signaling intermediates driving AngI...
Telomere shortening is a hallmark of genetic cardiomyopathies.

This study demonstrates that significantly shortened telomeres are a hallmark of cardiomyocytes (CMs) from individuals with end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as a result of heritable defects in cardiac proteins critical to contractile function. Positioned at the ends of chromosomes, telomeres are DNA repeats that serve as protective caps that shorten with each cell division, a marker of aging. CMs are a known exception in which telomeres remain relatively stable throughout life in healthy individuals. We found that, relative to healthy controls, telomeres are significantly shorter in CMs of genetic HCM and DCM patient tissues harboring pathogenic mutations: TNNI3, MYBPC3, MYH7, DMD, TNNT2, and TTN. Quantitative FISH (Q-FISH) of single cells revealed that telomeres were significantly reduced by 26% in HCM and 40% in DCM patient CMs in fixed tissue sections compared with CMs from age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In the cardiac tissues of the same patients, telomere shortening was not evident in vascular smooth muscle cells that do not express or require the contractile proteins, an important control. Telomere shortening was recapitulated in DCM and HCM CMs differentiated from patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) measured by two independent assays. This study reveals telomere shortening as a hallmark of genetic HCM and DCM and demonstrates that this shortening can be modeled in vitro by using the hiPSC platform, enabling drug discovery.
Sprachbarrieren in der Spitex: Für alle frustrierend

Sprachbarrieren in der ambulanten Versorgung sind noch schwieriger zu uberwinden als im Akutbereich. Darunter leidet nicht nur die Pflege, sondern es ist auch schwierig, eine professionelle Beziehung aufzubauen. Eine Studie an der ZHAW soll Wissenslucken schliessen und Losungen aufzeigen.
Understanding the Relationship Between Perceived Authenticity and Well-Being:

A central tenet of many prominent philosophical and psychological traditions is that personal authenticity facilitates psychological well-being. This idea, however, is at odds with numerous perspec...
Robustness of Electric Power Engineering Education: Enrollments and University Research Funding Levels 1969–2018

Selected data from the IEEE Power Engineering Education Committee (PEEC) surveys (1969–2018) of power engineering resources have been extracted to identify enrollments in power and funding for university research in this area. The main observations are for US universities but some remarks on Canadian data are included. The nexus between university research funding and graduate enrollments is discussed and comments on undergraduate course enrollments in power engineering are given. Future trends are conjectured.
Ulnohumeral Chondral and Ligamentous Overload

The dynamic process of ulnohumeral chondral and ligamentous overload (UCLO) describes the phenomenon that occurs in the posteromedial elbow in association with ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) insufficiency throughout the entire throwing motion arc. This concept expands upon the previously defined problem of valgus extension overload and potentially helps to delineate the sources of posteromedial elbow symptoms reported in overhead-throwing athletes. In the setting of valgus insufficiency throughout the throwing arc, posteromedial impingement of the olecranon upon the posteromedial trochlea results in abnormal contact forces with subsequent degenerative changes, including chondromalacia and osteophyte formation. This condition can result in substantial disability in the posteromedial compartment of the elbow leading to the inability to play in throwing athletes. Treatment for UCLO should be geared toward prevention through avoiding overuse situations, optimizing pitching mechanics, and rehabilitating lower extremity, core, trunk, scapula, and upper extremity strength, flexibility, and kinematics. If the throwing athlete experiences symptoms consistent with UCLO, the health care provider should be knowledgeable about the pathology and treatment of this disorder to successfully allow for return to play through a focused nonoperative or operative management plan that addresses UCL insufficiency and/or all associated changes, such as presence of osteophytes and chondromalacia.
A Long Non-Coding RNA of Citrus tristeza virus: Role in the Virus Interplay with the Host Immunity

During infection, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) produces a non-coding subgenomic RNA referred to as low-molecular-weight tristeza 1 (LMT1), which for a long time has been considered as a by-product of the complex CTV replication machinery. In this study, we investigated the role of LMT1 in the virus infection cycle using a CTV variant that does not produce LMT1 (CTV-LMT1d). We showed that lack of LMT1 did not halt virus ability to replicate or form proper virions. However, the mutant virus demonstrated significantly reduced invasiveness and systemic spread in Nicotiana benthamiana as well as an inability to establish infection in citrus. Introduction of CTV-LMT1d into the herbaceous host resulted in elevation of the levels of salicylic acid (SA) and SA-responsive pathogenesis-related genes beyond those upon inoculation with wild-type (WT) virus (CTV-WT). Further analysis showed that the LMT1 RNA produced by CTV-WT or via ectopic expression in the N. benthamiana leaves suppressed SA accumulation and up-regulated an alternative oxidase gene, which appeared to mitigate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a plant viral long non-coding RNA being involved in counter-acting host response by subverting the SA-mediated plant defense.
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is also commonly referred to as Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR).
Relax, It's Just Culture: Secularizing Conventions in Nonfiction Literatures

The Times “bestseller” list was misleading. Evangelical books were often outselling the Times' bestsellers. But the paper did not bother to count sales in religious bookstores. The people hurt most...
The Proximal Humeral Ossification System Improves Assessment of Maturity in Patients with Scoliosis.

Background: We recently developed a classification system to assess skeletal maturity by scoring proximal humeral ossification in a similar way to the canonical Risser sign. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether our system can be used to reliably assess radiographs of the spine for modern patients with idiopathic scoliosis, whether it can be used in combination with the Sanders hand system, and whether the consideration of patient factors such as age, sex, and standing height improves the accuracy of predictions. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 414 randomized radiographs from 216 modern patients with scoliosis and measured reliability with use of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We then analyzed 606 proximal humeral radiographs for 70 children from a historical collection to determine the value of integrating multiple classification systems. The age of peak height velocity (PHV) was predicted with use of linear regression models, and performance was evaluated with use of tenfold cross-validation. Results: The proximal humeral ossification system demonstrated excellent reliability in modern patients with scoliosis, with an ICC of 0.97 and 0.92 for intraobserver and interobserver comparisons, respectively. The use of our system in combination with the Sanders hand system yielded 7 categories prior to PHV and demonstrated better results compared with either system alone. Linear regression algorithms showed that integration of the proximal part of the humerus, patient factors, and other classification systems outperformed models based on canonical Risser and triradiate-closure methods. Conclusions: Humeral head ossification can be reliably assessed in modern patients with scoliosis. Furthermore, the system described here can be used in combination with other parameters such as the Sanders hand system, age, sex, and height to predict PHV and percent growth remaining with high accuracy. Clinical relevance: The proximal humeral ossification system can improve the prediction of PHV in patients with scoliosis on the basis of a standard spine radiograph without a hand radiograph for the determination of bone age. This increased accuracy for predicting maturity will allow physicians to better assess patient maturity relative to PHV and therefore can help to guide treatment decision-making without increasing radiation exposure, time, or cost. The present study demonstrates that assessment of the proximal humeral physis is a viable and valuable aid in the determination of skeletal maturity as obtained from radiographs of the spine that happen to include the shoulder in adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis.
Provável embolia letal por gás argônio durante ressecção de fístula cutânea biliar ‐ relato de caso

Resumo Introducao A Coagulacao por Feixe de Argonio (CFA) promove hemostasia, mas pode levar a complicacoes na forma de embolia por gas argonio. Os fatores de risco para embolias foram identificados e os fabricantes de aparelhos de CFA desenvolveram diretrizes para o uso do dispositivo para impedir a ocorrencia de embolia. Relato de caso Paciente masculino de 49 anos com historia de colangiocarcinoma recorrente pos‐resseccao foi submetido a resseccao de fistula cutâneo‐biliar. Logo apos o inicio do uso do aparelho de CFA, o paciente apresentou parada cardiaca. Apos o retorno da atividade cardiaca, a Eecocardiografia Transesofagica (ETE) detectou bolhas de ar no ventriculo esquerdo. Conclusoes Embora a embolia associada ao argonio seja mais frequentemente descrita durante laparoscopia, este paciente mais provavelmente apresentou embolia provocada pelo argonio durante cirurgia aberta para resseccao de fistula cutâneo‐biliar, apos o argonio ganhar acesso a circulacao sanguinea atraves das vias biliares ou da veia biliar e possivel passagem do embolo pela circulacao pulmonar. Desta maneira, deve‐se suspeitar de embolia por argonio, de forma judiciosa, durante o uso de CFA em procedimento cirurgico laparoscopico, aberto ou cutâneo.
Data-Driven Source Localization of Impact on Aircraft Control Surfaces

Aircrafts are potentially subjected to damaging events during their service life. How to cope with impact events and impact related damage is a priority in the development of aircraft composite structures. The impact monitoring method presented in this paper utilizes acoustic emission (AE) based data to classify and thereby localize impact events. The method is implemented and tested on a full-scale aircraft elevator. This work builds on earlier research for the classification of AE signals acquired by a single sensor during impact events using a backpropagation neural network with two hidden layers [1]. The innovative aspect of the new method lies in the use of a deep learning algorithm to achieve the zonal localization of impact events. Compared to the backpropagation neural network method, the deep learning method can output localization results with improved accuracy without the need to extract signal features, such as time of arrival, signal strength and amplitude. For this paper, stacked autoencoder algorithms were applied. To train and test the performance of the new model, the same aircraft elevator impact test setup from prior work was used. A single sensor was attached to the spar of the elevator to collect the acoustic emission events. Impacting with steel spheres was conducted on the elevator skin at various distances from the impact source to the sensor. Results demonstrate the efficacy and potential of the deep learning-based approach for localization of impact events for aircraft elevators.
Analytical criterion of a multimodal snap-through flutter of thin-walled panels with initial imperfections

This work deals with snap-through flutter dynamics of thin-walled shallow panels accompanied by flexural mode transitions assuming cylindrical bending conditions. The problem is therefore multimodal and, in addition, essentially non-local due to the presence of multiple equilibrium positions. The corresponding analysis is based on the asymptotic of a perfectly flexible panel with a continuous manifold of equilibrium configurations. It is assumed that trajectories of the snap-through dynamics are close to such a manifold, which is interpreted as a family of generating solutions. It is shown that the two-mode approximation depicts major physical specifics of the snap-through process, whereas higher modes can be reasonably treated as a perturbation. As a main result of the analysis, the analytical estimate for the critical speed of airflow leading to the cyclical snap-through flutter is derived.
Remote Patient Monitoring Program for Hospital Discharged COVID-19 Patients.

Objective We deployed a Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) program to monitor patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon hospital discharge. We describe the patient characteristics, program characteristics, and clinical outcomes of patients in our RPM program. Methods We enrolled COVID-19 patients being discharged home from the hospital. Enrolled patients had an app, and were provided with a pulse oximeter and thermometer. Patients self-reported symptoms, O2 saturation, and temperature daily. Abnormal symptoms or vital signs were flagged and assessed by a pool of nurses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe patient and program characteristics. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to determine the odds of a combined endpoint of emergency department (ED) or hospital readmission. Results A total of 295 patients were referred for RPM from five participating hospitals, and 225 patients were enrolled. A majority of enrolled patients (66%) completed the monitoring period without triggering an abnormal alert. Enrollment was associated with a decreased odds of ED or hospital readmission (adjusted odds ratio: 0.54; 95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.97; p = 0.039). Referral without enrollment was not associated with a reduced odds of ED or hospital readmission. Conclusion RPM for COVID-19 provides a mechanism to monitor patients in their home environment and reduce hospital utilization. Our work suggests that RPM reduces readmissions for patients with COVID-19 and provides scalable remote monitoring capabilities upon hospital discharge. RPM for postdischarge patients with COVID-19 was associated with a decreased risk of readmission to the ED or hospital, and provided a scalable mechanism to monitor patients in their home environment.
BAtCHing stem-like T cells during exhaustion.

Long-term pathogen and tumor control as well as checkpoint immunotherapies rely on ‘stem-like’ CD8+ T cells. New results uncover BACH2 as a key regulator of this subpopulation and solve an important piece of the puzzle.
Making connections for student success: Mapping concept commonalities in the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy, the Common Core State Standards, and the American Association of School Librarians Standards for the 21st-Century Learner

The impact of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) will become evident as the next generation of students enter higher education. With a focus on thresholds and authentic learning opportunities, ...
Pattern of Corporate Hedging Through Financial Derivatives in Non-Financial Companies of India

The paper analyses the pattern of corporate risk management practices through financial derivatives in top Indian non-financial companies and explores different dimensions corporate use of derivatives by using an array of financial derivative contracts to hedge against a number of business risks which are responsible for non/under-performance of business objectives. On the basis of the research results it can be concluded that forwards and swaps are by far the most important derivative instruments in India. Futures as representatives of standardised derivatives are the next best alternative of risk management tool for the Indian companies. Foreign currency risk is the most widely hedged risk through derivatives in Indian economy whereas the international derivative outstanding position reveals that interest rate risk holds the largest chunk of the total derivative exposures. The industry classification states that information technology is the sector where highest proportion derivative use is recorded.
Technological Distance and Breakthrough Inventions in Multi-Cluster Teams: How Intra- and Inter-Location Ties Bridge the Gap:

Multi-cluster R&D teams have the potential to generate breakthrough inventions because they can tap into the distinct knowledge of the different geographic hot spots in which team members are locat...
Are there excess fetal deaths attributable to waterborne lead exposure during the Flint Water Crisis? Evidence from bio-kinetic model predictions and Vital Records.

BACKGROUND Flint, Michigan had elevated water lead (Pb) levels during the 2014-15 Flint Water Crisis (FWC) and reports claim the exposures caused excess fetal deaths. OBJECTIVE To model the likelihood of excess fetal deaths occurring from FWC lead exposure and compare results to Vital Records. METHODS We used an established bio-kinetic model to predict relative blood lead trends in pregnant women from characteristic exposure to 90th percentile water lead levels (WLLs), and another established model to then estimate characteristic miscarriage (<20 gestation weeks) odds ratios (OR) in Flint (2011-17). For comparison, we made similar predictions for exposures during (1) Washington DC's worst water lead crisis year (2001), (2) Flint "Resident Zero" home with anomalously high WLLs, and (3) 19th century lead-based abortifacients. Data on stillbirths (≥20 gestation weeks) and total fertility rates were obtained from the State of Michigan. RESULTS The models predicted that pregnant women drinking water with representative 90th percentile WLLs had a miscarriage OR during the worst FWC period (June-August 2014) of 1.21 (95% CI = 1.02,1.60), versus 1.66 (95% CI = 1.07, 3.56) during a time of high water lead 3 years before the FWC and 1.00 (95% CI = 1.00, 1.01) post-FWC. The corresponding predicted OR in late-2001 for Washington D.C. when higher fetal death rates were statistically associated with very high WLLs was 3.01 (95% CI = 1.16, 16.23). No apparent differences were revealed in overall and race-specific stillbirth rates before, during, or after the FWC. Total fertility rates dropped 6.8% during the FWC (April 2014-October 2015 versus April 2012-October 2013), but this is now revealed to be within the normal annual variation (-9.4% to +15%) observed post-FWC when residents were protected from water lead exposure. SIGNIFICANCE Neither model simulations nor Vital Records data are consistent with the hypothesis that there was an uptick in fetal deaths or decreased fertility attributable to water lead exposure during the FWC.
Radiologic Reporting of Simple Hepatic Cyst Versus Biliary Cystadenoma May Lead to Unnecessary Surgery.

Background and aims Simple liver cyst (SHC) is a benign condition with no malignant potential. They are typically discovered incidentally due to the increased use of abdominal imaging, but some patients may present with abdominal pain. A radiologist's differential diagnosis in cases of SHC will often include "rule out biliary cystadenoma." Under these circumstances, patients and surgeons are more likely to pursue surgical options even in asymptomatic cases. The aim of this study is to conduct a retrospective analysis of presentation, radiologic reporting, management plan, and histopathology of patients referred to a tertiary hospital in order to determine the correlation between radiology and histology. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, radiological, and histopathological data of 20 patients operated for a diagnosis of a cystic lesion in the liver. Result The CT/MRI of 6 (30%) patients was reported as a biliary cystadenoma, 13 (65%) were reported as a simple hepatic cyst and 1 patient (5%) had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with the additional diagnosis of multiple hepatic cysts. The lesion reported as HCC on the scan was separate from the cystic lesions. The modality of imaging for these cysts was evenly split, 50% of patients had a CT scan, and 50% had an MRI performed. All imaging studies were interpreted by an attending radiologist and most of them were discussed in multidisciplinary meetings. Nineteen patients (95%) had an intraoperative diagnosis of a simple liver cyst based on its visual appearance and clear fluid within the cyst. These patients underwent cyst wall fenestration and de-roofing with the cyst wall sent for histopathology. One patient (5%) with HCC underwent a non-anatomical liver resection. Histopathology was conclusive for a benign hepatic cystic lesion from the cyst wall biopsy. All 20 patients in this study underwent surgery, either due to symptoms or due to radiologic diagnosis of BCA. Four of the 20 cases (20%) were asymptomatic and out of these four cases, 3 (75%) were diagnosed as cystadenoma on the preoperative imaging studies. All 19 cases were diagnosed as a simple liver cyst on pathology. Conclusion In summary, there is a growing trend of "ruling-out the diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma" in patients who present with liver cysts. Patients are appropriately more anxious after this preoperative diagnosis and the treating surgeons have medico-legal concerns regarding conservative management in asymptomatic patients diagnosed as BCA. This single center experience draws attention to the radiology criteria utilized for diagnosing a biliary cystadenoma and suggests that it is time to revisit the imaging interpretation and differential diagnosis.
INDICATORS OF RED SQUIRREL (TAMIASCIURUS HUDSONICUS) ABUNDANCE IN THE WHITEBARK PINE ZONE

We investigated occupied squirrel middens and squirrel sightings and vocalizations as indicators of red squirrel ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) abundance in high-elevation whitebark pine ( Pinus albicaulis ) zone. Data were collected 1984-1989 from line transects located on 2 study sites in the Yellowstone ecosystem. We evaluated the performance of each measure on the basis of precision and biological considerations. We concluded that, of the 3 measures, active middens were the best indicator of red squirrel abundance. We also observed that the density of active middens dropped by 48%-66% between 1987 and 1989, following a severe drought and extensive wildfires that burned one of the study sites during 1988.
Kaposi's Sarcoma of the Large Intestine Associated with Ulcerative Colitis: A hitherto unreported occurrence

Summary A case of Kaposi's sarcoma of the colon is presented in association with ulcerative colitis. Lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma were apparently present only in the large intestine. The association of Kaposi's sarcoma with ulcerative colitis has not been previously described and is thought to be fortuitous.
A low-complexity channel estimator for OFDM systems in multipath fading channels

The minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criterion is often used for channel estimation in wireless OFDM systems. The MMSE channel estimators perform better than the least-square (LS) criterion-based techniques but their computational complexity is one of the main drawbacks for practical implementation, especially when the number of subcarriers is large. To address this issue while maintaining the performance advantage, we present a new simplified MMSE channel estimator for OFDM systems in multipath fading channels. The proposed method is primarily based on the rank-reduction of the channel correlation matrix in the frequency domain. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves almost the same performance as the full-rank MMSE method, while significantly reducing the computational complexity.