cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple sclerosis: Decreased relapse rate through dietary supplementation with calcium, magnesium and vitamin D

A group of young patients having multiple sclerosis was treated with dietary supplements containing calcium, magnesium and vitamin D for a period of one to two years. The experimental design employed self-pairing: the response of each patient was compared with his/her own case history as control. The number of exacerbations observed during the program was less than one half the number expected from case histories. No side effects were apparent. The dietary regimen may offer a new means of controlling the exacerbation rate in MS, at least for younger patients. The results tend to support a theory of MS which states that calcium and magnesium are important in the development, structure and stability of myelin.
Metastable and collision induced fragmentation of some small cluster ions: Ar2+ Ar3+, ArN2+ and N4+

The results of a study on collision induced dissociation and a search for metastable reactions of four gas phase ion-molecule clusters, Ar2+, Ar3+, ArN2+ and N4+, are presented. The ionic clusters were formed in a high pressure mass spectrometer ion source which was cooled to enhance the association products. Subsequent fragmentations were studied using mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry. Decomposition pathways consistent with experimental collision induced dissociation peak shapes and ab initio potential diagrams are presented for the fragmentation of Ar2+ and N4+. Mechanisms for the collision induced dissociation of Ar3+ and ArN2+ are suggested. No metastable reactions for any of the cluster ions were observed. This result is in conflict with the results of Mark et al. using electron impact ionization of neutral van der Waals' clusters formed in a supersonic nozzle beam.
An iterative procedure for reducing problem size in large scale AHP problems

Abstract The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a multiple objective decision making tool that consolidates information about tangible and intangible criteria and alternatives in the decision making process. This consolidation of information is completed on data collected using a form of paired comparisons. Each criterion is compared to all other criteria to determine the relative importance of each and, within each criterion, each alternative is compared to all other alternatives. As a result, the number of comparisons required of the decision maker quickly becomes burdensome. The results presented here indicate the existence of a point where one alternative becomes dominant to such degree that, regardless of the effects of the remainder of the comparisons, it cannot be overtaken as the preferred choice. By identifying this dominance point as a stopping criterion, problem size is reduced. This reduction in problem size is based on the decision maker's time frame, not the computation time. Computation time is also reduced, but it is a minor savings compared to the reduction of human decision making time. While this dominance point differs for every problem, results indicate that, on the average, about 50% of the comparisons can be eliminated. An iterative procedure is presented whereby the decision maker and/or analyst is informed when no further comparisons are necessary.
Resolving near-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra of single trp mutants in tear lipocalin

Near-ultraviolet circular dichroism (near-UV CD) spectra of tryptophan residues in proteins are complicated because the line shapes are derived from the overlap of both the 1L(a) and the 1L(b) electronic bands that vary independently. Contributing to this complexity, tryptophan near-UV CD spectra differ in the relative amplitude of the 0-0 vibronic band compared to the rest of the 1L(b) spectrum, an inherent feature that may result in poor fitting. To resolve this problem, a computer program that incorporated the separation of the 0-0 transition of 1L(b) component from the rest of the 1L(b) was written in LabVIEW and its amplitude was allowed to vary independently. This method showed dramatically improved fitting of 1L(a) and 1L(b) components in the near-UV CD tryptophan spectra in tear lipocalin mutants featuring low intensity of the 0-0 1L(b) component. Side chain dynamic characteristics (mobility and accessibility to the solvent) identified from different spectroscopic techniques were related to differences in Trp near-UV CD spectra. This method is broadly applicable to different types of Trp near-UV CD spectra.
Screening Tests for Depression in Older Black vs. White Patients

Thirty-nine psychiatric patients age 50 and older with diagnoses of depression participated in a study of the reliability of screening instruments in the identification of depression. All patients had a diagnosis of affective disorder confirmed by a SCID interview. Forty-nine percent of the depressed patients were black, 51% were 70–92 years old, 77% were women, and 51% were widowed. When the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered to these depressed patients, its sensitivity in black patients was 71% and in white patients was 85%. The sensitivity of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was 53% in black patients and 65% in white patients. The CES-D was significantly better than the GDS in the identification of depressive symptoms in this sample. These data suggest that the CES-D and the GDS may not be equally effective in identifying depression among older American black and white patients. Further studies with larger samples of SCID-diagnosed, depressed, older black and white patients are needed to confirm these findings.
Limitations of Advanced Searching Techniques on Web Search Engines

Abstract General purpose Web search engines can be a valuable tool to locate high quality information and can complement the use of specialized systems, such as LexisNexis or WestLaw. The effective use of Web search engines differs somewhat from that of other information retrieval systems and requires an understanding of search engine design and procedures before effective use. We present an overview of search engines and user behavior in Web searching as an introduction to a discussion of the effectiveness of using some of the advanced searching techniques common in other searching environments in Web searches. We empirically test the effectiveness on query operators for Web searching. The use of operators such as AND, OR, and PHRASE was found to have little or no difference on the number of relevant results retrieved for three major search engines, America Online, Google, and Microsoft Search.
Race differences in job performance and career success

Although blacks have gained entry to the information systems (IS) field and various managerial positions, they continue to experience more restricted career advancement prospects than whites. They have found it difficult to advance professionally and managerially within their organizations. Perhaps, as the management literature suggests, this is because minorities may experience considerable discrimination in their jobs that lowers their performance and ultimately impedes their career advancement [10].
Flight behavior in guanacos and vicunas in areas with and without poaching in western Argentina

Abstract Poaching of wild South American camelids remains widespread in Argentina, even inside reserves. Such poaching could have important effects on populations and behavior, neither of which has been studied. To increase our understanding of possible behavioral responses to poaching, we studied the flight behavior of guanacos and vicunas in two reserves where poaching is common, and in one where it is negligible. We conducted a total of 43 surveys from a vehicle, and recorded behavioral responses to our presence from 299 groups of camelids. Frequency of flight behavior, flight distance, and time to first flight were recorded for each group, along with species, group size, and presence or absence of juveniles. Following the detection of the vehicle, 70% of the camelid groups reacted by running out of the sight of the observers in the reserve with poaching; conversely, only 30% of groups took flight in the reserve without poaching. Median flight distances were larger for vicunas, and median time to first flight shorter for both species in the areas with poaching than without. Neither group size nor group composition influenced frequency of flight, flight distances, or time to first flight. In the reserves where poaching occurred, camelids become noticeably wary; the presence of humans forced them to leave their grazing activities. Since poaching is facilitated by roads inside the reserves, we recommend closing some roads as a means of reducing effects on grazing behaviors. Frequency of flight behavior may be a useful index of poaching pressure.
Trapping Small Caffeine in a Large GPCR Pocket

Three new X-ray structures of a thermostabilized A 2A adenosine receptor in complex with different antagonists reported by Dore et al. in this issue have advanced the understanding of molecular recognition for this receptor.
Geographic Multicast with K-Means Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks

Geographic routing has been proven to be efficient to provide scalable unicast routing in resource-constrained sensor networks. However, its applications in multicast routing remain largely unexplored. Recently GMR (Geographic Multicast Routing) and DCGM (Destination Clustering Geographic Multicast) have been proposed, which preserve the distributed computation of geographic routing while delivering data packets to multiple destinations with efficient routes. To further reduce the number of transmissions, we apply a clustering strategy to GMR and DCGM. The strategy improves the performance of GMR and DCGM by dividing the destinations into many clusters and sending the packet first to the closest destination in each cluster, which then sends the packet to other nodes in the cluster. Simulation results show that the strategy can reduce the number of transmissions up to 35% percent.
Constraints and Categories of Vadose Zone Monitoring Devices

Traditional monitoring methods using chemical analysis of ground water samples to detect pollutant migration are being superseded or used in conjunction with innovative approaches. A need to detect pollutants before they reach the water table has drawn interest to vadose (unsaturated) zone monitoring and brought together hydrogeologists, soil scientists and agricultural engineers who have been working on this subject for years. Recent studies have identified over 50 different types of vadose zone monitoring devices and methods that have optimum utility in varying hydrogeologic settings. In general, measurements made in the vadose zone are trying to define storage, transmission of liquid waste in terms of flux and velocity, and pollutant mobility. Criteria for the selection of alternative vadose zone monitoring methods are important for the development of site-specific systems. These criteria include: type of site; applicability to new, active, and abandoned sites; power requirements; depth limitations; multiple use capability; type of data collection system; reliability and life expectancy; degree of operational complexity; direct versus indirect methods; applicability to alternate media; effect on flow regime; and effect of hazardous waste on sampling or measurements. Application of the selection criteria is discussed in Everett et al. (1982a).
Accelerating deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: towards answering open questions

The annual rate of deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia jumped by an estimated 40% between 2001 and 2002. This increase is in addition to a 15% upward revision by the Brazilian government of the estimated rate for 2001. Examination of the data underlying these estimates and comparisons with other measurements indicates that important questions remain unanswered, especially in the state of Mato Grosso, where assessment of the effectiveness of a deforestation licensing and control programme is critical to future efforts to contain forest destruction. The increase in deforestation rate in Mato Grosso in 2002 (23%) was less than half the increase in the remainder of Brazilian Amazonia (55%), indicating that the state government's deforestation control programme may have had some effect.
Learning Motivation of Adults Involved in AAC Intervention

Abstract The augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) personnel framework identifies the various types of people involved in successful AAC interventions. The purposes of this article are to summarize information in the AAC intervention literature that documents the role and impact of various AAC personnel, describe key characteristics of adult learners, and review research that focuses on learning motivations and preferences of adults within the AAC framework.
HUMANIST PRETENSIONS: CATHOLICS, COMMUNISTS, AND SARTRE'S STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENTIALISM IN POSTWAR FRANCE

This article reconsiders Sartre's seminal 1945 talk, “Existentialism is a Humanism,” and the stakes of the humanism debate in France by looking at the immediate political context that has been overlooked in previous discussions of the text. It analyses the political discussion of the term “humanism” during the French national elections of 1945 and the rumbling debate over Sartre's philosophy that culminated in his presentation to the Club Maintenant, just one week after France went to the polls. A consideration of this context helps explain both the rise, and later the decline, of existentialism in France, when, in the changing political climate, humanism lost its centrality, setting the stage for new antihumanist criticisms of Sartre's work.
Effects of helium addition to Ar-Xe mixtures in high-pressure atomic-transition xenon lasers

The output energy and spectral distribution of the atomic-transition xenon laser have been investigated with ternary mixtures based on Ar-Xe to explore kinetic issues and to enhance particular lines of the xenon laser pumped by an e-beam and e-beam sustained discharge. Addition of helium into the Ar-Xe mixtures increased the 2.03 mu m line energy by a factor of 3-5 while suppressing the 1.73- mu m line even during single-line oscillation. The maximum output energy obtained at 2.03 mu m was 1.2 J/L and the intrinsic efficiency was approximately 1%. Effects of neon or krypton addition have also been studied with e-beam sustained discharge pumping. >
Web Survey of Sleep Problems Associated with Early-onset Bipolar Spectrum Disorders

Objective As research on sleep difficulties associated with Early-Onset Bipolar Spectrum Disorders (EBSD) is limited, a web-based survey was developed to further explore these problems. Methods 494 parents of 4-to-12 year-olds, identified by parents as being diagnosed with EBSD, completed a web survey about past and current EBSD-related sleep problems. The survey included Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) items and sleep problems from the International Classification of Sleep Disorders 2nd edition. Results Nearly all parents reported some type of past or current EBSD-sleep problem. Most occurred during a worst mood period, particularly with mixed manic-depressive symptoms. Symptoms caused impairments at home, school, or with peers in 96.9% of the sample and across all three contexts in 64.0% of children. Sleep problems were also noted after three-day weekends and Spring and Fall Daylight Savings time changes. Conclusions Findings, study limitations, and implications for treatment and etiology are discussed.
Peptidergic Modulation of Intrathalamic Circuit Activity In Vitro: Actions of Cholecystokinin

Cholecystokinin (CCK)-mediated actions on intrathalamic rhythmic activities were examined in an in vitro rat thalamic slice preparation. Single electrical stimuli in the thalamic reticular nucleus (nRt) evoked rhythmic activity (1‐15 sec duration) in nRt and the adjacent ventrobasal nucleus (VB). Low CCK concentrations (20‐50 nM) suppressed rhythmic oscillations in 43% of experiments but prolonged such activities in the remaining slices. Higher CCK concentrations (100‐400 nM) had a predominantly antioscillatory effect. Suppression of oscillations was associated with a relatively large membrane depolarization of nRt neurons that changed their firing mode from phasic (burst) to tonic (single-spike) output. This decreased burst discharge of nRt neurons during CCK application reduced inhibitory drive onto VB neurons from multiple peaked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) to single peaked inhibitory events. We hypothesize that suppression of inhibitory drive onto VB neurons decreases their probability of burst output, which, together with a reduction of nRt burst output, dampens the oscillatory activity. Low CCK concentrations, which produced little or no depolarization of nRt neurons, did not alter the firing mode of the nRt neurons. However, the probability of burst output from nRt neurons in response to subthreshold stimuli was increased in low CCK concentrations, presumably leading to an increase in the number of nRt neurons participating in the rhythmic activity. Ourfindings suggest that the neuropeptide CCK, by altering the firing characteristics of nRt neurons, has powerful modulatory effects on intrathalamic rhythms; the ultimate action was dependent on CCK concentration and resting state of these cells.
Inheritance Patterns, Dominance, Stability, and Allelism of Insecticide Resistance and Cross-Resistance in Two Colonies of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Selected with Cry Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. israelensis

ABSTRACT Mendelian crosses were used to analyze the patterns of inheritance of Cry-toxin resistance in two colonies of Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae resistant to bacterial toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis de Barjac. Resistance levels exceeded 1000-fold at 95% lethal concentration of the Cry11Aa-resistant colony (Cq11A). F1 offspring of reciprocal crosses to a susceptible colony revealed autosomal inheritance and offspring were intermediate in resistance to the susceptible and resistant parental lines. Dose-response tests on backcross offspring were consistent with polyfactorial inheritance of resistance toward Cry11Aa and Cry4Aa + Cry4Ba, whereas cross-resistance toward Cry11Ba best fit a monofactorial model. Resistance was 600-fold at 95% lethal concentration in the colony selected with Cry4A + Cry4B (Cq4AB). Inheritance of resistance in F1 offspring was autosomal and intermediate to the susceptible and resistant parents. Inheritance of Cry4Aa + Cry4Ba and Cry11Ba resistan...
Modelling the network of cell cycle transcription factors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Reverse-engineering regulatory networks is one of the central challenges for computational biology. Many techniques have been developed to accomplish this by utilizing transcription factor binding data in conjunction with expression data. Of these approaches, several have focused on the reconstruction of the cell cycle regulatory network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The emphasis of these studies has been to model the relationships between transcription factors and their target genes. In contrast, here we focus on reverse-engineering the network of relationships among transcription factors that regulate the cell cycle in S. cerevisiae. We have developed a technique to reverse-engineer networks of the time-dependent activities of transcription factors that regulate the cell cycle in S. cerevisiae. The model utilizes linear regression to first estimate the activities of transcription factors from expression time series and genome-wide transcription factor binding data. We then use least squares to construct a model of the time evolution of the activities. We validate our approach in two ways: by demonstrating that it accurately models expression data and by demonstrating that our reconstructed model is similar to previously-published models of transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle. Our regression-based approach allows us to build a general model of transcriptional regulation of the yeast cell cycle that includes additional factors and couplings not reported in previously-published models. Our model could serve as a starting point for targeted experiments that test the predicted interactions. In the future, we plan to apply our technique to reverse-engineer other systems where both genome-wide time series expression data and transcription factor binding data are available.
The Novel KV7.2/KV7.3 Channel Opener ICA-069673 Reveals Subtype-Specific Functional Roles in Guinea Pig Detrusor Smooth Muscle Excitability and Contractility

The physiologic roles of voltage-gated KV7 channel subtypes (KV7.1–KV7.5) in detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) are poorly understood. Here, we sought to elucidate the functional roles of KV7.2/KV7.3 channels in guinea pig DSM excitability and contractility using the novel KV7.2/KV7.3 channel activator ICA-069673 [N-(2-chloro-5-pyrimidinyl)-3,4-difluorobenzamide]. We employed a multilevel experimental approach using Western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, isometric DSM tension recordings, fluorescence Ca2+ imaging, and perforated whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. Western blot experiments revealed the protein expression of KV7.2 and KV7.3 channel subunits in DSM tissue. In isolated DSM cells, immunocytochemistry with confocal microscopy further confirmed protein expression for KV7.2 and KV7.3 channel subunits, where they localize within the vicinity of the cell membrane. ICA-069673 inhibited spontaneous phasic, pharmacologically induced, and nerve-evoked contractions in DSM isolated strips in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of ICA-069673 on DSM spontaneous phasic and tonic contractions were abolished in the presence of the KV7 channel inhibitor XE991 [10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone dihydrochloride]. Under conditions of elevated extracellular K+ (60 mM), the effects of ICA-069673 on DSM tonic contractions were significantly attenuated. ICA-069673 decreased the global intracellular Ca2+ concentration in DSM cells, an effect blocked by the L-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor nifedipine. ICA-069673 hyperpolarized the membrane potential and inhibited spontaneous action potentials of isolated DSM cells, effects that were blocked in the presence of XE991. In conclusion, using the novel KV7.2/KV7.3 channel activator ICA-069673, this study provides strong evidence for a critical role for the KV7.2- and KV7.3-containing channels in DSM function at both cellular and tissue levels.
Identify structural flaw location and type with an inverse algorithm of resonance inspection

To evaluate a structural component’s fitness for service and quantify its remaining useful life, aging and service-induced structural flaws must be quantitatively determined in service or during scheduled maintenance shutdowns. Resonance inspection (RI), a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique, distinguishes the anomalous parts from the good parts based on changes in natural frequency spectra. Known for its numerous advantages, e.g., low inspection cost, high testing speed, and broad applicability to complex structures, RI has been widely used in the automobile industry for quality inspection. However, compared to other contemporary direct visualization-based NDE methods, a more widespread application of RI faces a fundamental challenge because such technology is unable to quantify the flaw details, e.g., location, dimensions, and types. In this study, the effectiveness of a maximum correlation-based inverse RI algorithm on a variety of common structural flaws, e.g., stiffness degradation, voids, and...
EMC expert systems for evaluating automotive designs

The automobiles of the future are being designed on computers and a significant amount of performance and safety testing is done using computer models. By the time the first hardware prototype is built, many critical design decisions affecting intersystem and intra-system electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) have been made. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to perform the first EMC design review well before any hardware is available to test. Automotive EMC expert systems examine the relevant aspects of an automotive design while it is still on the computer to spot design features that are likely to cause EMC problems. Keywords-vehicular electronics; expert system; electromagnetic interference; electromagnetic compatibility
Evaluation of cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive mutants of parainfluenza virus type 3 in weanling hamsters.

Abstract Cold-adapted (ca) and temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of parainfluenza virus 3 were produced by serially passaging wild type (wt) parainfluenza virus 3 at 20 degrees C 45 times. Previously, plaque-purified viruses (clones) were selected from the wt parent and from cold passage levels 7, 12, 18, and 45 and characterized in vitro. In the present study, we evaluated at least one mutant from each cold passage level for attenuation in hamsters. Four of the five mutants tested were ts and ca (one each from cold passage levels 7, 12, 18, and 45) and one was ca but not ts (from cold passage 18). Groups of hamsters were inoculated intranasally with either parent wt or mutant virus. Four or five hamsters from each group were sacrificed prior to inoculation and daily on the first, second, third, fourth, and sixth or seventh day postinoculation and the amount of virus in nasal turbinates and lungs was quantitated. The quantity of virus recovered from the hamsters and the parainfluenza virus 3 antibody titers were inversely related to the cold passage level. Two of the mutants did not replicate in hamsters. Cold adaptation of parainfluenza virus 3 resulted in progressive attenuation of the virus in weanling hamsters. These highly attenuated mutants are suitable for evaluation in children as live virus vaccines.
Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Gene Therapy

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) theoretically represent an unlimited supply of normal differentiated cells to engineer diseased tissues to regain normal function. However, before hESCs can be useful as human therapeutics, technologies must be developed to provide them with the specific signals required to differentiate in a controlled fashion, to regulate and/or shut down the growth of hESCs and their progeny once they have been transferred to the recipient, and to circumvent the recognition of non-autologous hESC-derived cells as foreign. In the context that gene therapy technologies represent strategies to deliver biological signals to address all of these challenges, this review sets out a framework for combined gene transfer/hESC therapies. We discuss how hESCs are derived, characterized, and differentiated into specific cell lineages, and we summarize the characteristics of the 500 hESC lines reported to date. The successes and failures of gene transfer to hESCs are reviewed for both non-viral and viral vectors, as are the challenges to successful use of gene transfer in developing hESC therapy. We also consider gene transfer as a means of facilitating growth and isolation of genetically modified hESCs and as a mechanism for mitigating adverse effects associated with administration of hESCs or their derivatives. Finally, we evaluate the challenges that are likely to be encountered in translating the promise of hESCs to the clinic.
The Immigrant and Hispanic Paradoxes: A Systematic Review of Their Predictions and Effects.

A survey of the literature indicates that reported advantages of the Immigrant and Hispanic Paradox are inconsistent and equivocal. The healthy migrant hypothesis also suggests that current research approaches consider only “healthy” groups. Other methodological concerns include the simple underreporting of deaths, and that commonly used databases may not include all significant attributes and characteristics. We conducted a systematic review, synthesizing and identifying themes not explicitly found in the current literature. We also employ a simple quantitative index to assess the scholarly strength of references. Paradox protection appears uneven and is not generalizable across races, ethnicities, age groups and genders. In addition, acculturation, health behaviors and diet, ethnicity, acculturative stress, adolescence, undocumented and uninsured status, age of arrival in the United States and length of exposure, gender and age appear to be significant in predicting any beneficial effects.
The advantage of being moderately cooperative

We use computer simulation to identify a process by which cooperation evolves without iteration, and evolves better in large than in small societies. It is based on an empirically supported heuristic for deciding whether to enter noniterated prisoner's dilemma games, namely, Expect others to have the same dispositions as yourself . Players are assigned a probability of cooperating that also defines their expectations about others' behavior and thus their willingness to play. The carrying capacity of the ecology is 10,000. Players multiply by 2 if their aggregate payoff in a given round (1) places them among the more successful 5,000 and (2) is more than zero. We find that the most adaptive disposition is toward the mean of the population. That is where individuals have the optimal mix of consummated plays with more cooperative players and unconsummated plays with less cooperative ones. When encounters occur by proximity, fortuitous clusters toward the cooperative tail will grow and dominate the society. Such clusters are more likely in large societies.
Enamel Demineralization by Snack Foods

The amount of enamel destroyed by salivary fermentation of snack foods and confections was not dependent on their sugar content; starch, flavoring agents, and other components also played a part. Most enamel destruction was produced by fruit-flavored candies in which the inherent acid or high sugar concentration or both inhibited bacterial fermentation.
INITIATING DIVERGENT ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: THE ENABLING ROLE OF ACTORS' SOCIAL POSITION.

The article discusses ways to initiate organizational change within a business. Because institutions are social structures that are characterized by a high degree of resilience, they are often diff...
Portfolio Choice and Asset Prices: The Importance of Entrepreneurial Risk

Using cross-sectional data from the SCF and Tax Model, we show that entrepreneurial income risk has a significant inf luence on portfolio choice and asset prices. We find that households with high and variable business income hold less wealth in stocks than other similarly wealthy households, although they constitute a significant fraction of the stockholding population. Similarly for nonentrepreneurs, holding stock in the firm where one works reduces the portfolio share of other common stocks. Finally, we show that adding proprietary income to a linear asset pricing model improves its performance over a similar model that includes only wage income. IN CONSTRUCTING INVESTMENT PORTFOLIOS, it appears that many if not most households fail to behave in a manner consistent with simple economic theory. Even among relatively wealthy households, the share of financial assets held in different asset classes varies widely, and there is evidence that among those who hold common stock, there is often little diversification ~e.g., King and Leape ~1987!, Blume and Zeldes ~1994!!. We begin this paper with an empirical investigation into some of the risk factors and demographic variables that might explain these cross-sectional differences in portfolio composition. A number of previous studies focus on the level and variability of wage income growth as one of the largest sources of undiversifiable income risk. Here we present evidence that, for the subset of the population that has significant stockholdings, income from entrepreneurial ventures ~which we refer to as proprietary business income) represents a large source of undiversifiable risk that is more highly correlated with common stock returns. These findings motivate the investigation in the second part of the paper of a linear asset pricing model that incorporates proprietary income from pri
Gravity Duals to Non-relativistic Quantum Field Theories

We use holography to argue that the zoo of consistent quantum theories of gravity contains many non-relativistic alternatives to standard Einstein gravity. The basic argument will be based on symmetry. Non-relativistic diffeomorphisms are symmetries of a large class of non-relativistic quantum field theories, including the quantum Hall states and the unitary Fermi gas. Based on these symmetries, we argue that generic many-body quantum mechanical systems have a dual holographic description in terms of a modified theory of gravity known as Horava gravity.
HPC enabled real-time remote processing of laparoscopic surgery

Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical technique. The benefit of small incisions has a disadvantage of limited visualization of subsurface tissues. Image-guided surgery (IGS) uses pre-operative and intra-operative images to map subsurface structures. One particular laparoscopic system is the daVinci-si robotic surgical system. The video streams generate approximately 360 megabytes of data per second. Real-time processing this large stream of data on a bedside PC, single or dual node setup, has become challenging and a high-performance computing (HPC) environment may not always be available at the point of care. To process this data on remote HPC clusters at the typical 30 frames per second rate, it is required that each 11.9 MB video frame be processed by a server and returned within 1/30th of a second. We have implement and compared performance of compression, segmentation and registration algorithms on Clemson's Palmetto supercomputer using dual NVIDIA K40 GPUs per node. Our computing framework will also enable reliability using replication of computation. We will securely transfer the files to remote HPC clusters utilizing an OpenFlow-based network service, Steroid OpenFlow Service (SOS) that can increase performance of large data transfers over long-distance and high bandwidth networks. As a result, utilizing high-speed OpenFlow- based network to access computing clusters with GPUs will improve surgical procedures by providing real-time medical image processing and laparoscopic data.
Enthalpies of formation of Fe-Ni monosulfide solid solutions

Binary and ternary sulfides in the Fe-Ni-S system are of major fundamental and practical interest in environmental, geological, and planetary science. Despite extensive thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria, the enthalpies of formation of solid solutions in this system have not been measured directly as functions of both nickel/iron and metal/sulfur ratios. This communication reports enthalpies of formation of Fe-Ni monosulfide solid solutions [ mss = (Fe 1−x Ni x ) 1−z S, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1; 0.875 ≤ 1−z ≤ 1] quenched from 750 °C, representing disordered structural states. Measurements were performed on three series of solid solutions using oxidative solution calorimetry in molten sodium molybdate solvent at 702 °C. The measured enthalpies of formation of Ni 1−z S solid solutions from elements are consistent with prior data reported for a few compositions. The enthalpies of formation of ternary compositions, (Fe 1−x Ni x ) 1−z S, are reported for the first time. Within their uncertainties, the enthalpies of formation of the solid solutions, quenched from high temperature, with respect to the end-members (enthalpies of mixing) at 25 °C are zero. An experimentally derived equation is proposed for the calculation of enthalpies of formation of all high-temperature monosulfide solid solutions in the Fe-Ni-S system. The thermodynamic stabilization of these disordered solid solutions arises not from energetic terms but from the configurational entropy.
Applications of Singular Optics in Biomedicine

Optical phase singularities are locations in a scattered optical field where the intensity of the field is zero and the phase is undefined. The statistics of these singularities offer methods for assessing the dynamics of biological systems.
Deconvolution of Temperature and Soot Volume Fraction in a Turbulent Ethylene Flame by Inverse Spectral Radiation Analysis

We report a new non-intrusive diagnostics technique for the simultaneous reconstruction of temperature (T) and soot volume fraction (fv ) profiles in axi-symmetric turbulent luminous flames. Line-of-sight spectral radiation intensities (Iλ ) for one diametric and nine chord-like radiation paths from a representative horizontal plane of a turbulent ethylene jet flame were measured by a fast infrared array spectrometer. By inverse analysis of the measured mean Iλ at four wavelengths where continuum radiation from soot particles dominates, four local scalar statistics, including mean and root-mean-square (rms) of T and fv , were de-convoluted. Powell’s conjugate-gradient algorithm and Brent’s line minimization algorithm were adopted in solving the present four-variable inverse problem. The calculated mean Iλ matched the experimental data very well within a 3% difference in general. The reconstructed local mean/rms T and fv distributions were in reasonably good agreement with sampling data from similar turbulent flames.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
A mathematical model provides mechanistic links to temporal patterns in Drosophila daily activity

Circadian clocks are endogenous biochemical oscillators that control daily behavioral rhythms in all living organisms. In fruit fly, the circadian rhythms are typically studied using power spectra of multiday behavioral recordings. Despite decades of study, a quantitative understanding of the temporal shape of Drosophila locomotor rhythms is missing. Locomotor recordings have been used mostly to extract the period of the circadian clock, leaving these data-rich time series largely underutilized. The power spectra of Drosophila and mouse locomotion often show multiple peaks in addition to the expected at T ~ 24 h. Several theoretical and experimental studies have previously used these data to examine interactions between the circadian and other endogenous rhythms, in some cases, attributing peaks in the T 88 % of spectral peaks in the locomotion of wild-type and circadian mutants of Drosophila. In the time domain, we find the timescales of the exponentials in our model to be ~1.5 h−1 on average. Our results indicate that multiple spectral peaks from fly locomotion are simply harmonics of the circadian period rather than independent ultradian oscillators as previously reported. From timescales of the exponentials we hypothesize that model rates reflect activity of the neuropeptides that likely transduce signals of the circadian clock and the sleep–wake homeostat to shape behavioral outputs.
Analysis on Results of Syphilis Infection Detected by Diverse Methods in Minority Population

Objective To explore the clinical value of the results of syphilis tests with different serum screening methods in guiding syphilis diagnosis and sensitivity and specificity of treatment. Methods The specimens were determined by ELISA test,rapid plasma regain circle card test(RPR test),fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test(FTA-ABS),and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay(TPHA),respectively,and the detection results were compared and analyzed. Results The sensitivities of ELISA,RPR test,FTA-ABS,and TPHA were 99.2%,98.3%,99.9%,and 91.3%,respectively.The specificities of ELISA,RPR test,FTA-ABS,and TPHA were 99.6%,86.4%,99.2%,and 94.2%,respectively.No statistically significant difference was found in the detection results between RPR test and ELISA,and between FTA-ABS and TPHA(P0.05),but there were statistically significant differences in the detection results between RPR test,ELISA and FTA-ABS,TPHA(P0.05),and moreover,the sensitivity and specificity of ELISE were both well.There were statistically significant differences in the specificity between FTA-ABS and ELISA,RPR test,TPHA(P0.05),but no statistically significant difference was found in the specificity among ELISE,RPR test,TPHA(P0.05). Conclusions Compared with FTA-ABS,the results of RPR test show not only false-positives but also false-negatives,which indicate that the cases of syphilis may be undetected or misdiagnosed.The results of ELISA show only false-positives,and the syphilis detection probability of ELISA is superior to that of RPR test.ELISA should be used as the first choice in serodiagnostic testing for Treponema pallidum infection.In recent years,application researches of ELISA mostly tend to use a combination of two or more than two Treponema pallidum recombinant antigens and to synthesize the different characteristics of two-or multi-antigen so as to make ELISE has a higher sensitivity and specificity.
Effect of film cooling with different angle of incedence and different efflux hole position

Standard k-e turbulence model is used to simulation the up steam advancing edge of different incidence angle,different position bore row's temperature field of the steam turbine cascade blade.It shows that among all the incidence angles the 90 degree's cooling performance is the worst;as to different position bore row the No.1 bore row's cooling performance is worse than No.2 or No.3 bore row,there is litter difference among them;as to double eject bore row,before the X/D=9 zone,the bore row 2 and bore row 3's cooling effect is the best,row 1 and row 3 is the worst,after the X/D=9 zone,there has an opposite cooling effect.
The effect of diisopropylfluorophosphonate (DFP) on platelet survival in the rabbit.

Diisopropylfluorophosphonate was found to influence platelet survival. The possible mechansims of action and the importance of standardizing the amount of DFP32 administered in platelet survival experiments are discussed.
arbor bronchialis: Anatomy in a Medical School Courtyard

There’s no text here, no text alone: tissue and bone, intermingling of trees, your finger skims several folds of skin. Green tea sipped and slid aside, napkin crumpled by paper cup, the dappled light is gloss
Variation in Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Outpatient Pediatric Urological Procedures at United States Children’s Hospitals

Purpose: Guidelines recommend surgical antibiotic prophylaxis for clean-contaminated procedures but none for clean procedures. The purpose of this study was to describe variations in surgical antibiotic prophylaxis for outpatient urological procedures at United States children’s hospitals.Materials and Methods: Using the PHIS (Pediatric Health Information System®) database we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients younger than 18 years who underwent clean and/or clean-contaminated outpatient urological procedures from 2012 to 2014. We excluded those with concurrent nonurological procedures or an abscess/infected wound. We compared perioperative antibiotic charges for clean vs clean-contaminated procedures using a multilevel logistic regression model with a random effect for hospital. We also examined whether hospitals that were guideline compliant for clean procedures, defined as no surgical antibiotic prophylaxis, were also compliant for clean-contaminated procedures using the Pearson correla...
Teachers’ racialised habitus in school knowledge construction: a Bourdieusian analysis of social inequality beyond class

AbstractThis article examines the school experiences of Chinese Canadian youth, a population often ignored by the academy under the model minority discourse. Drawing on Bourdieu’s theoretical insights, I raise and discuss the concept of teachers’ racialised habitus. I explore how teachers’ racialised habitus structures their practices of knowledge construction via formal and hidden curricula, and how it consequently affects Chinese Canadian youth’s identity construction. I argue that habitus, as an important theoretical tool that links the social and the individual as well as past, present and future, can also be used to study other forms of social inequality beyond class. This article makes both theoretical and empirical contributions to the research on habitus by highlighting teachers’ racialised habitus in relation to the perpetuation of racism in the educational field.
Conservation of Mass and Energy for the Moist Atmospheric Primitive Equations on Unstructured Grids

The primitive variable formulation of the moist hydrostatic equations conserves mass and moist total energy due to the property that the divergence and gradient operators are adjoints. Any compatible numerical method, which has a discrete analog of this property will conserve a discrete mass and total energy. We demonstrate this using aqua-planet simulations performed with CAM-HOMME (NCAR’s Community Atmospheric Model with the High-Order Method Modeling Environment dynamical core). CAM-HOMME uses a compatible numerical method on arbitrary unstructured quadrilateral grid. The equations described here are the full set of dynamical equations used by CAM. Aqua-planet simulations use the full suite of physics parametrizations as well. The only simplification is the use of idealized surface conditions. We report on the magnitude of the total energy budget in the dynamical core including estimates for the non-adiabatic processes. The practice of fixing dry total energy as opposed to the conserved total moist energy is shown to generate a forcing of − 0. 56 W/m2.
26Al depth profile in Apollo 15 drill core

Accelerator mass spectrometry is used in a study of galactic cosmic ray production profiles based on cosmic ray-produced Al-26 in the Apollo 15 long core. The results, which are in general agreement with earlier nondestructive counting data, are of significantly higher precision, yet systematically lower. The half-attenuation length for Al-26 production is presently calculated to be 122 g/sq cm, after normalizing the data to average chemical composition.
Interest group support for non-group issues

Organized interest groups tend to focus on a narrow set of issues that promote the common interests of their members. They support political candidates who are favorable toward the group’s interests. But whereas interest groups support politicians based on a narrow set of issues, politicians have platforms that cover the entire political spectrum, so supporting a politician implies supporting all of that politician’s positions. A secondary effect of interest group support for politicians on one issue is that they are also supporting positions on other issues that are well outside the scope of that group’s interests. This analysis shows that the systematic relationships among politicians’ political platforms result in interest groups supporting issues that are well outside the stated common interests of the groups.
An evolutionary and ecological perspective of Amazonian Hylaea species of Hymeneae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)

Abstract The resin-producing genus Hymenaea has an amphi-Atlantic distribution with 13 species being Neotropical and one occurring along the eastern coast of Africa. Present evidence suggests an African origin for the genus with migration across the Atlantic occurring during the Early Tertiary when the continents were closer and rainforest vegetation was considerably more widely distributed than today. The center of its Neotropical distribution is the Amazonian hylaea, although within its extensive range from 23° N to 26° S it is found in all major ecosystem types. The taxonomy, breeding structure, ecology and resin chemistry of the 9 Hymenaea species and 6 varieties occurring in the Amazonian and historically-related Brazilian Atlantic coastal humid evergreen forests are discussed as well as the possible evolution of these species in response to postulated drying trends beguen in Mid Tertiary times and during wet-dry oscillations in the Pleistocene.
More than "Papelitos:" A QuantCrit Counterstory to Critique Latina/o Degree Value and Occupational Prestige.

Concerned with how numbers are misused and distorted in research and public discourse at the expense of People of Color, this article attempts to answer the following: How do we use numbers to tell...