cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measures to assess maladaptive variants of the five-factor model.

The five-factor model (FFM) is the predominant dimensional model of general personality structure. A considerable body of research supports the hypothesis that personality disorders can be conceptualized as extreme or maladaptive variants of the domains and facets of the FFM. However, existing measures of the FFM are confined largely to the normal variants. The purpose of this special section of the Journal of Personality Assessment is to provide the development and initial validation of self-report inventory scales to assess obsessive–compulsive, borderline, narcissistic, avoidant, and dependent personality traits from the perspective of the FFM, which complement the similarly constructed existing measures for psychopathic, histrionic, and schizotypal personality traits.
The Role of Mesoscale Features in a Wintertime Great Lakes Cyclone

Abstract An analysis documenting the role of synoptic and surface mesoscale features in a cyclone has been conducted to determine the physical processes responsible for a large snowfall observed over south-central Wisconsin on 25 January 1988. Synoptic analysis revealed a highly amplified 500 mb flow with a West Coast ridge, an East Coast trough with a cyclone and short wave in northwesterly flow. As the surface cyclone maintained a constant central pressure and propagated southeastward across Wisconsin 1) pronounced surface anticyclogenesis and cold air advection occurred over southern Ontario and the northern and central Great Plains, 2) the 500 mb short wave amplified into a closed circulation over Illinois, and 3) the 1000–500 mb thickness field deformed into a pronounced S-shaped thermal trough. In response to the upper-level development and anticyclogenesis, the surface cyclone became stationary with nearly constant central pressure for 12 h after reaching Lake Michigan and strong surface pressure a...
BPDA - A Bayesian peptide detection algorithm for mass spectrometry

Background Mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential analytical tool in proteomics. Many existing algorithms for peptide detection are based on isotope template matching and usually work at different charge states separately, making them ineffective to detect overlapping peptides and low abundance peptides.
Similarities and differences between perceptions of peer delinquency, peer self-reported delinquency, and respondent delinquency: An analysis of friendship dyads

Abstract Purpose Despite the peer delinquency measurement debate having profound implications for research, looming questions remain about the validity of various forms of peer delinquency operationalizations. This study examines whether perceptions of peer delinquency form identical latent constructs to both respondent and peer self-reported delinquency. Methods Using a dyadic dataset of friendship pairs, confirmatory factor analysis and model comparison tests are used to determine the degree of similarity between perceptions of peer delinquency, respondent self-reported delinquency, and peer self-reported delinquency. Results Peer self-reports and respondent perceptions of peer delinquency load on unique constructs across a number of different behaviors. For most behaviors, respondent perceptions of peer delinquency and respondent self-reports load on separate constructs. Results further indicate that respondent and peer self-reported delinquency are separate latent constructs. Finally, the strength of the association between respondent and peer delinquency is substantively smaller in magnitude, by as much as a factor of three in some instances, when peer delinquency is measured via peer self-reports in place of respondent perceptions. Conclusions Reports of peer delinquency provided directly from peers demonstrate strong discriminant validity in relation to self-reported delinquency, while perceptions of peer delinquency demonstrate poorer discriminant validity, particularly for theft and violence constructs.
Biocrude production in arid lands

Recent research in the development of bioenergy crops for arid and semiarid regions has stressed the objective of increasing biomass productivity in order to improve energetic and economic returns. However, an examination of the constraints on arid-adapted plant species indicates that a preferable approach to biocrude feedstock development is one that emphasizes quality, rather than quantity, of biomass. This conclusion is illustrated by economic and energetic comparisons of 4 potential biocrude feedstocks. The species with the greatest economic potential are those with high biocrude contents and moderate or low annual yields.
Selective Assignment of Energy Transfer and Charge Separation Pathways in Reaction Centers by Pulse Polarized 2-D Photon Echo Spectroscopy

We present theoretical modelling of the nonlinear optical response of the bacterial reaction center incorporating electron and energy transfer on equal footing. Orthogonal polarized pulse sequences allow to dissect kinetic components in real space.
Induction of Hamster Hepatic Peroxisomal β-oxidation and Peroxisome Proliferation-associated 80000 mol. wt. Polypeptide by Hypolipidemic Drugs

1 The effects of hypolipidemic drugs fenofibrate (isopropyl[4-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-2-phenoxy-2-methyl]propionate), pyrinixil (BR-931; [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio(N-β-hydroxyethyl) acetamide]), methyl clofenapate (2-methyl-2[4-(p-chlorophenyl)phenoxy]2-methyl-propionate), and clofibrate (ethyl α-p-chloro-phenoxyisobutyrate) on plasma triglyceride levels, hepatic peroxisome proliferation and peroxisome-associated enzymes in hamsters were investigated.2 Fenofibrate, pyrinixil and methyl clofenapate were administered in the diet at 0.2% level (w/w) for 6 weeks. Clofibrate was fed at 0.5% level.3 Fenofibrate, pyrinixil and methyl clofenapate induced a marked proliferation of peroxisomes in hamster liver cells which was comparable to that observed in the rat and mouse liver, whereas the peroxisome proliferative effect of clofibrate was less pronounced. Peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation system was found in the hamster liver and its activity was enhanced significantly by hypolipidemic drugs. The ma...
Preoperative prostate-specific antigen in predicting pathologic stage and grade after radical prostatectomy.

Preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) wasmeasured in 63 men who had clinically localized, previously untreated adenocarcinoma of the prostate and underwent subsequent radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Pathologic stage and grade were correlated to the serum PSA value. Patients with organ-confined (P1, P2) and extracapsular (P3, P3N + ) prostate cancer had elevated preoperative serum PSA levels (>4 ng/mL) in 61 and 90 percent of cases, respectively. Patients with low-grade and high-grade tumor histology had elevated preoperative PSA levels in 62 and 80 percent of cases, respectively. In distinguishing between organ-confined and extracapsular disease with a preoperative serum PSA of 10 ng/mL as a cutoff value, the sensitivity was 68 percent, the specificity was 66 percent, the positive predictive value was 46 percent, and the negative predictive value was 83 percent. Although there was a trend of increasing preoperative serum PSA levels with higher pathologic stage or grade, there was no significant difference in preoperative serum PSA values with pathologic stage and/or grade considered as a group or in determining stage and/or grade preoperatively on an individual basis.
APPLICATION OF COMPUTER SIMULATION TO FREIGHT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

Selecting an appropriate simulation-model structure for complicated, large-scale transport systems is a non-trivial and challenging task. This paper reports practical research which evaluates a number of alternative model structures for the Arizona state-highway network system based on the immediate dependency on input data obtained from a multistage mail survey. The most appropriate topology structure selected is a data-driven, link-based, discrete-event simulation model using conditional probability branching logic. Separating model and data makes the simulation model a generic traffic-routeing logic processor that is easy to use and does not require simulation skills. Different transport systems can easily be accommodated by simply changing input data. The model is validated by comparative analysis of input data using statistical techniques. An upper bound on the size of the valid network is thus obtained.
Techniques and results of portal vein/superior mesenteric vein reconstruction using femoral and saphenous vein during pancreaticoduodenectomy

Background Patients with pancreatic tumors may have portal vein (PV) and/or superior mesenteric vein (SMV) invasion. In such cases, lower extremity veins can provide an autogenous conduit for PV/SMV reconstruction. Little data exist, however, describing the technique of PV/SMV reconstruction, patency of such reconstructions, and the morbidity of using lower extremity veins for PV/SMV reconstruction during pancreaticoduodenectomy. Methods Thirty-four patients underwent PV/SMV reconstruction during pancreaticoduodenectomy using lower extremity vein. The saphenous vein was preferred for patching and femoral vein for replacement. We analyzed preoperative imaging, reconstruction patency, vein harvest morbidity, and late mortality. Results The mean age was 62.6 years. All 34 patients had preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging and/or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) scan. Fourteen of the 34 patients had evidence of PV/SMV invasion on CT or EUS scans, 14 did not, and six studies were indeterminate. Twenty-five patients had follow-up imaging, and 22 (88%) had patent reconstructions. Fifteen patients had PV/SMV replacement using femoral vein. Seven of these 15 had minor postoperative lower extremity edema that resolved over time, five had wound complications from the femoral vein harvest site, three of which required minor operative procedures for treatment. Fifteen patients had PV/SMV patching with the great saphenous vein, none had postoperative wound problems, and one had minimal postoperative lower extremity edema. Four patients had PV/SMV patching using femoral vein, none had postoperative wound problems, and one had minimal postoperative lower extremity edema. Compared with patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy without PV/SMV reconstruction, by Kaplan-Meier analysis, there was no difference in late mortality. Conclusion Preoperative imaging may fail to detect PV/SMV involvement in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. The PV/SMV reconstruction with leg vein provides good patency with minimal postoperative lower extremity complications and no increase in late mortality. The lower extremities should be routinely included in the operative field of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Commentary on paper, 'cancer survival analysis'.

60-7404/$ see front matter a 200 i:10.1016/j.suronc.2010.04.002 In their paper “Evolution of cancer survival analysis”, Drs. Maetani and Gamel highlight some of the differences between the most ubiquitous and well accepted methods for analyzing survival data e the Kaplan Meier (or productlimit) estimator, the logrank test, Cox regression analysis [1] e and methods based on what can be referred to as cure models, of which the Boag model [2] is probably the earliest example. Boag’s simple but useful idea was that after treatment e which at the time comprised surgery and radiation over a short period of time e cancer patients either were cured of the cancer, or were not cured and would die from the cancer at varying times, so that a statistical model could be used to predict the chance that a patient was cured as well as to describe the life expectancy of those who were not. Other similar models [3], models with extensions to add the ability to study the influence of covariables on cure rate and time to failure [4,5], and models that relax some of the required strong assumptions [6,7] have also since been developed. As Drs. Maetani and Gamel point out, there may be advantages to using cure models. The logrank test and Cox
Simultaneous functional laryngeal stridor and functional aphonia in an adolescent

Functional and psychogenic phonatory disturbances are well recognized?’ In addition, disruptions in the laryngeal function of respiration without manifested organic causes have been described and reported in detail in the last two decades3-” This article addresses these clinical entities; which both affect laryngeal function, and describes their simultaneous presentation in an adolescent patient. First described as the misnomer of “Munchausen’s stridor”,3 a plethora of terms have been applied to describe functional laryngeal stridor (FLS). Commonly associated with underlying or past psychological stress but not a symptom of malingering, it is believed in many cases to be a conversion disorder.g*‘1*15 The prototypical presentation is of a young to middle-aged adult woman who develops acute respiratory distress and dyspnea. The symptoms are thought to be asthma attacks. The patient undergoes an extensive regimen of pharmacotherapy without relief. Acute at
Anxiety explains why people with domain-contingent self-worth underperform on ability-diagnostic tests

Abstract The present research examined whether test anxiety, evaluation apprehension, or lowered efficacy could explain the link between people’s domain-contingent self-worth and underperformance on ability-diagnostic tests. Results showed that, in an ability-diagnostic condition, the more students based their self-worth on academics the higher their anxiety, the lower their efficacy, and the lower their performance. In a non-diagnostic condition, the students’ academic contingencies of self-worth were unrelated to these outcomes. Moderated mediation analysis, with all three potential mediators, provided evidence that anxiety mediated the link between students’ academic contingencies of self-worth and underperformance within the ability-diagnostic condition. The discussion considered possible ways to reduce the threat experienced by people with domain-contingent self-worth in evaluative settings.
Adaptive fault-tolerant multicast in hypercube multicomputers

Abstract Fault-tolerant message routing mechanism is a key to the performance of reliable multicomputers. Multicast refers to the delivery of the same message from a source node to an arbitrary number of destination nodes. This paper presents two types of partially adaptive fault tolerant multicast algorithms. The Type A algorithm can deliver messages to all destinations through shortest paths if each fault-free node has at most one faulty neighbor. The Type B algorithm can deliver messages to all destinations if the total number of faulty links and faulty nodes is less than the dimension of the hypercube. The proposed algorithms have the following important features: they are distributed, they only require local information to determine the paths, and they need very little additional message overhead. The performance of the algorithms, measured by the traffic created by the communication, is very close to that in fault-free hypercubes.
Conventional versus digital radiographs for intraoperative cervical spine-level localization: a prospective time and cost analysis.

Abstract Background In today's health-care environment, operational efficiency is intrinsic to balancing the need for increased productivity driven by rising costs and potentially decreasing reimbursement. Other operational factors kept constant, decreasing the time for a procedure can be viewed as one marker for increased efficiency. Purpose To prospectively evaluate the time and operating room efficiency differences between the two methods for intraoperative level localization. Stydy design Prospective nonrandomized study. Patient sample Prospective consecutive patients undergoing a single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with plate and allograft. Outcomes measures Time for performance and interpretation of intraoperative localization radiograph. Methods This is a prospective nonrandomized study of patients treated consecutively with a single-level ACDF with allograft and plating. All the patients underwent a conventional approach to the cervical spine. After exposure, a spinal needle was placed in the exposed intervertebral disc and a radiography was performed. Either a conventional or a digital radiography was used in each case. Results Eighteen patients were enrolled in this study. Ten patients underwent localization with conventional radiography, whereas eight patients underwent localization with digital imaging. The mean time for conventional radiography was 823 seconds (standard deviation [SD], 159), and for digital, it was 100 seconds (SD, 34; p Conclusions Current technology provides options for level localization. Digital imaging provides equally accurate information as conventional radiography in a significantly reduced amount of time. Image quality, ease or archival, and manipulation provided by digital radiography are superior to those by provided fluoroscopy. Keeping operational factors constant, decreasing the time for a procedure, and increasing the efficiency of the environment may be viewed as a surrogate for improving the cost basis for a procedure.
Italian Americans: Historical and present perspectives

(1981). Italian Americans: Historical and present perspectives. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 20, Cultural Pluralism: Can It Work?, pp. 58-62.
Emerging roles for zic genes in early development

Members of the Zic family of zinc finger transcription factors play critical roles in a variety of developmental processes. They are involved in development of neural tissues and the neural crest, in left-right axis patterning, in somite development, and in formation of the cerebellum. In addition to their roles in cell-fate specification, zic genes also promote cell proliferation. Further, they are expressed in postmitotic cells of the cerebellum and in retinal ganglion cells. Efforts to determine the role of individual zic genes within an array of developmental and cellular processes are complicated by overlapping patterns of zic gene expression and strong sequence conservation within this gene family. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been made. This review summarizes our knowledge of the molecular events that govern the activities of zic family members, including emerging relationships between upstream signaling pathways and zic genes. In addition, advancements in our understanding of the molecular events downstream of Zic transcription factors are reviewed. Despite significant progress, however, much remains to be learned regarding the mechanisms through which zic genes exert their function in a variety of different contexts. Developmental Dynamics 236:922–940, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Adsorption of organic vapors on single-walled carbon nanotubes

Adsorption properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were investigated using standard gravimetric techniques. Equilibrium vapor-phase adsorption isotherms were measured for three fundamentally different molecules on SWNTs of two different diameters (12 and 16.8 A). SWNT interactions with aromatic (benzene), aromatic and heterocyclic (thiophene), and nonaromatic (cyclohexane) molecules were investigated, as well as the effects of diameter on adsorption. Stronger adsorption was observed for the smaller SWNTs. Isosteric heats of adsorption were calculated from the adsorption isotherms and followed the order thiophene > benzene> cyclohexane. Furthermore, batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility of desulfurization of fuels using SWNTs. Batch experiments were performed to verify preferential adsorption of thiophene over benzene using a model fuel. Selectivity for thiophene over benzene was demonstrated, and a test with a commercial diesel sample was performed. Heat t...
High-energy-resolution X-ray monochromator calibration using the detailed-balance principle

A new method is presented to calibrate an X-ray energy scale with sub-meV relative accuracy by using the detailed-balance principle of the phonon creation and annihilation. This method is conveniently used to define or verify the energy scale of high-energy-resolution monochromators that are used in inelastic X-ray scattering and nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering instruments at synchrotron radiation facilities. This method does not rely on sample properties and its precision only depends on the statistical data quality. Well calibrated instruments are essential for reliable comparison of data sets obtained at different synchrotron radiation beamlines, of data with theoretical predictions, and of data from other techniques such as neutron or light scattering. The principle of the detailed-balance method is described in this paper and demonstrated experimentally.
Coping With a Career Plateau: An Empirical Examination of What Works and What Doesn't1

This study examines the relationships between coping responses and organizational outcomes for career-plateaued and nonplateaued employees. The objective was to determine the efficacy of common coping responses suggested for plateaued employees. Positive activities, such as expanding job assignments, mentoring, functional or technical career paths, and projects or teams, were associated with more positive attitudes and higher perceived performance among plateaued employees. Among nonplateaued employees, there were no significant relationships found. Negative denial responses, such as blaming the supervisor or organization for the plateau, reporting intentions to leave, and use of alcohol or drugs, were associated with lower attitudes and higher career-related strain among both plateaued and nonplateaued employees. Negative behavioral responses, such as lowering quality or quantity of work, psychological withdrawal, and lateral transfers, were associated with lower attitudes among both groups of employees and lower perceived performance among plateaued employees. Implications for managers and human resource professionals are discussed.
The feeding behavior of Spumella sp. as a function of particle size: Implications for bacterial size in pelagic systems

Direct observation was used to measure feeding rates of the flagellate Spumella on three sizes of bacteria plus 0.3 µm latex beads using video microscopy. Feeding rate was maximum on the intermediate-sized bacteria. Maximum ingestion rates (Im) for the large- (0.53 µm3), intermediate- (0.08 µm3) and small-sized (0.02 µm3) bacteria and 0.014 µm3 latex beads were 11, 38 and 14 bacteria and 9 beads flagellate−1 h−1, respectively. The growth rates of Spumella sp. feeding on monoxenic cultures of the large- vs. the intermediate-sized bacteria were indistinguishable but Spumella sp. could not sustain its population density when feeding on the small bacterium as the sole food source. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that Spumella sp., and possibly other flagellate protozoa, tend to feed selectively on larger prey. One consequence of this hypothesis is that differential grazing by bactivores may select for small bacteria in natural waters.
Organic crystal surfaces: Structure, properties and reactivity

The molecular structure of organic crystal surfaces plays an important role in crystal properties and crystal growth, and their behavior as nucleation substrates. The surfaces of organic crystals are rather well defined as they represent slices of their 3-dimensional (3D) structures, which generally are known from X-ray diffraction. Recent advances in surface characterization methods, particularly scanning probe microscopies, have revealed the structure of these surfaces and have allowed direct visualization of crystal growth at the near-molecular level. The molecular nature of these surfaces influences recognition processes responsible for their nucleation, as well as the nucleation of other organic crystals. Recent work also has demonstrated that two-dimensional (2D) crystals grown on solid substrates strongly resemble the 2D motifs of their corresponding bulk crystal surfaces.
An introductory computer graphics laboratory

Abstract Methods are described for teaching students how to write computer programs to perform basic graphics operations. The elementary operations of scaling, translation, reflection, shear, rotation and clipping are presented. Graphics 1000, a Hewlett-Packard graphics software product is the software used. This product imbeds subroutine calls in a FORTRAN program to execute the graphics functions. The laboratory sessions are divided into modules. Module I uses interactive programs to demonstrate graphics operations. Module II introduces Graphics 1000 commands. Module III uses interactive programs to demonstrate XY plotting with as many as four graphs per plot. Module IV uses interactive programs to demonstrate rotation of objects with hidden line removal. Students are assigned tasks ranging from drawing a section of an I beam through rotation of a three-dimensional object. Computer programs used for the demonstrations are available for the students to examine in order to learn how they work.
Mitotic rate in melanoma: a reexamination.

We reexamined the relationship between mitotic rate and overall survival in more than 1,200 cases of cutaneous melanoma with long-term follow-up. Like others, we found that mitotic rate was significantly associated with survival (P 4/mm2), the optimal way to use mitotic rate remains unclear, and even this simplification requires determining the raw number per square millimeter. Because the collective information provided by tumor thickness, mitotic rate, ulceration, patient age, and site of tumor about hard outcomes such as 5-year fatality is limited and because measuring mitotic rate requires extra time, we recommend that mitotic rate need not be part of routine reports on cutaneous melanoma. Nevertheless, mitotic rate should continued to be measured in academic centers and other sites that maintain large prospective databases on melanoma, and it should be included in further studies of prognosis and adjuvant therapies for cutaneous melanoma.
Interfacial adhesion in PZT-epoxy composites

Composites of lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) and polymers have been shown to have outstanding properties compared to PZT for hydrostatic sensing applications. Most work in the past has dealt with manipulations of the composite design, ceramic composition, or polymer type. The role of interfacial adhesion between the PZT and the polymer in these composites has not been examined in any depth to date. For this reason, interfacial adhesion in PZT/epoxy composities was determined by mechanical tests. The interfacial strengths for untreated composites were found to be far from optimum. A number of PZT surface treatments such as physical surface roughening and the application of coupling agents were found to increase the degree of adhesion by a factor of two to three. Furthermore, the interfacial strengths were so substantial in some cases that cohesive failure of the epoxy occurred.
Optimal Extrapolation of Derivatives.

Optimal experimental designs for the linear unbiased extrapolation of a derivative are presented and shown to be locally model robust.
A Quantitative Theory for the Computation of Tire Friction Under Severe Conditions of Sliding

Abstract It is proposed that tire‐pavement friction is controlled by thermal rather than by hysteresis and viscoelastic effects. A numerical model of heating effects in sliding is described in which the friction coefficient emerges as a dependent variable. The overall results of the model can be expressed in a closed form using Blok's flash temperature theory. This allows the factors controlling rubber friction to be recognized directly. The model can be applied in quantitative form to metal‐polymer‐ice contacts. Several examples of correlation are given. The difficulties of characterizing the contact conditions in tire‐pavement friction reduce the model to qualitative form. Each of the governing parameters is examined in detail. The attainment of higher friction by small, discrete particles of aluminum filler is discussed.
Cervical lidocaine for IUD insertional pain: a randomized controlled trial

Objective Anticipated pain with intrauterine device (IUD) insertion may be a barrier to widespread use. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of intracervical 2% lidocaine gel for pain relief with IUD insertion. Study Design We performed a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of women undergoing IUD insertion. Participants were randomly assigned to 2% lidocaine or placebo gel. Study gel (3 mL) was placed 3 minutes prior to IUD insertion. Pain scores were measured at various time points using a 10-point visual analog scale. Results Of the 200 participants randomized, 199 completed the study. Pain scores among lidocaine and placebo arms were similar at tenaculum placement (lidocaine and placebo: median, 4; range, 0–10; P = .15) and with insertion (lidocaine: median, 5; range, 1–10; placebo: median, 6; range, 0–10; P = .16). These results did not differ by parity. Conclusion Topical or intracervical 2% lidocaine gel prior to IUD insertion does not decrease pain scores.
Polarization selective electro-optic effect in coupled quantum-wire arrays

We investigate the electro-optic effect in quantumwire (QWR) arrays and discuss possible applications for self-electro-optic-effect devices. By application of a static electric field normal to the growth planes the interband optical selection rules are modulated between one and two dimensional due to heavy-holelight-hole mixing. I.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
How student teachers describe their pupils

Abstract The focus of this study is the knowledge teachers acquire about their pupils and how it may change as teachers gain classroom experience. Twelve student teachers (five elementary, seven secondary) were asked to describe several of their pupils at the beginning, middle, and end of the student teaching experience. In addition, summary evaluations of the student teachers' professional growth were obtained from their university supervisors. The elementary teachers injected more of themselves into the profiles than their secondary counterparts. That is, they reasoned psychologically and described interventions almost four times more often than the secondary novices; and included their affective responses to pupils three times more often. As the elementary novices acquired experience, they began to see pupils as well-rounded individuals with lives that extended beyond the classroom. They also tended to perceive themselves as intimately connected to their pupils' problems. In contrast, the secondary novices appeared to approach student teaching with many innacurate assumptions about pupils. This may have been the result of a teacher education program that entailed several brief — rather than one extended — clinical experiences prior to student teaching. As the semester progressed, the secondary student teachers saw expectations and stereotypes violated. Low-growth elementary and secondary student teachers injected themselves least into the profiles they wrote, and they tended to describe pupils in terms of relatively few characteristics.
Stratigraphic Trapping of Spilled Jet Fuel Beneath the Water Table

Environmental conditions and the initial attempt to recover JP-4 jet fuel from a shallow aquifer at a tank farm in Hanahan, South Carolina, in 1975, allowed the jet fuel to become stratigraphically trapped below the water table. The trapped jet fuel remained an undetected source of dissolved hydrocarbon contamination in shallow ground water in the area for 17 years. The trapped jet fuel was located when a variety of chemical, hydrologic, geologic, and historical evidence led investigators to install and sample deeper wells. These findings emphasize the need to use an integrated approach to evaluating the data when determining the extent of contamination and planning fuel recovery operations in a lithologically heterogeneous aquifer.
Modulation of cellular excitability in neocortex: Muscarinic receptor and second messenger-mediated actions of acetylcholine

Muscarinic-type acetylcholine (ACh) receptors are involved in a variety of cortical functions. ACh “activates” neocortex; simultaneously modifying spontaneous subthreshold activity, intrinsic neuronal oscillations and spike discharge modes, and responsiveness to fast (putative glutamatergic) synaptic inputs. However, beyond the general involvement of muscarinic receptors, a mechanistic understanding of integrated cholinergic actions, and interactions with non-cholinergic transmission, is lacking. We have addressed this problem using intracellular recordings from the in vitro auditory neocortex. First, we investigated cholinergic modification of responses to the excitatory amino acid glutamate. ACh, or the muscarinic agonist methacholine, produced a lasting enhancement of glutamate-mediated membrane depolarizations. Muscarinic receptors of the M1 and/or M3 subtype, rather than M2 or nicotinic receptors, mediated this enhancement. Subsequently, we investigated whether second messenger systems contribute to observed muscarinic actions. Activation of protein kinase C with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (4 β-PDBu), enhanced neuronal responses to glutamate. The effect of 4 β-PDBu was attenuated by the kinase antagonist H7. Finally, we attempted to identify postsynaptic actions of endogenous ACh. Tetanic stimulation of cholinergic afferents elicited voltage-dependent effects, including reduced spike frequency adaptation and reduced slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) elicited by transmembrane depolarizing stimuli. These effects were mimicked by methacholine, enhanced by eserine, and antagonized by muscarinic receptor antagonists. These data suggest that cholinergic modulation in neocortex likely involves the integrated actions of diverse mechanisms, primarily gated by muscarinic receptors, and at least partly involving second messenger systems. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nuclear matrix elements of neutral currents in muonic atom decays

Abstract The nuclear matrix elements of the parity-violating effects of neutral currents are examined for the three light nuclei 6 Li, 7 Li and 9 Be. These matrix elements will play important roles in the quantitative analysis of neutral currents if the hyperfine effects in parity-violating muonic atom decays are actually observed. The matrix elements are related to magnetic electron scattering data. For 6 Li, for which scattering data are available, the calculated matrix elements contain the least uncertainty from nuclear physics. For 7 Li and 9 Be, for which data are unavailable, reasonably good models, such as the j - j coupling limit and the intermediate coupling model, are employed in computing the matrix elements.
Diminishing Relative Contraindications for Immediate Breast Reconstruction: A Multicenter Study

Background During the past decade, there has been a rise in US breast reconstruction rates, with a greater expansion in prosthetic-based techniques relative to autologous transfer. Immediate reconstruction in high-risk oncologic and surgical patients might be a contributing factor to these trends. Study Design The National Cancer Data Base from the American College of Surgeons and the American Cancer Society was used to identify a breast cancer cohort (1998 to 2011) treated with mastectomy. The patients were divided into high risk and low risk based on presence or absence of historic surgical or oncologic relative contraindications. Reconstructions were categorized as either autologous or implants. To understand trends for each high-risk characteristic, rates were adjusted by 1,000 total mastectomies performed for patients within each specific group and analyzed with Poisson regression. Results Information from 1,040,088 patients with mastectomy was included. Rates of high-risk features did not change from 1998 to 2011. The increase in immediate reconstruction rates was greater for high-risk than low-risk patients (incidence rate ratio = 1.09 vs 1.06; p Conclusions Breast reconstruction increased in high-risk surgical and oncologic patients, suggestive of a diminishing set of relative contraindications. Increased implant use in high-risk patients might be a contributing factor toward the preferential national expansion of prosthetic techniques.
Modulation of catalase activities in murine epidermal cells as a function of differentiation and exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

A procedure was developed for the per cell estimation of catalase activities in suspensions and cultures of murine epidermal keratinocytes (MEKs). Per cell catalase activity in MEKs cultured in low Ca2+ medium was relatively constant during the proliferation phase of culturing, but increased approximately 100% within 24 h of cessation of cell division. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment of proliferating MEKs cultured in low Ca2+ medium resulted in (i) an initial suppression of proliferation, (ii) the accelerated detachment and differentiation of detached MEKs and (iii) a suppression of catalase induction in the detached population. Induction of MEK differentiation by raising the medium Ca2+ concentration resulted in rapid inhibition of cell division and approximately 200% increases in per cell catalase activities. Addition of TPA immediately prior to Ca2+ shift completely suppressed the Ca2(+)-dependent increases in activity. However, the addition of TPA 48 h after the induction of differentiation by Ca2+ shift had no effects on the elevated, pre-existing catalase activities. Per cell catalase activities varied in vivo with the stage of MEK differentiation. Specifically, the lowest and highest per cell activities (approximately 4-fold difference) were measured in enriched basal cell and spinous cell populations respectively. Catalase activity in the more differentiated MEKs was reduced approximately 33% within 24 h of topical treatment of dorsal skin with a promoting dose of TPA. However, catalase activity in enriched basal cell preparations was unaffected. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that per cell catalase activities increase as MEKs differentiate, and that TPA suppresses the increases in catalase activities that normally occur during differentiation.
Real-time multiple networked viewer capability of the DIII-D EC data acquisition system

Abstract A data acquisition system (DAS) which permits real-time viewing by multiple locally networked operators is being implemented for the electron cyclotron (EC) heating and current drive system at DIII-D. The DAS is expected to demonstrate performance equivalent to standalone oscilloscopes. Participation by remote viewers, including throughout the greater DIII-D facility, can also be incorporated. The real-time system uses one computer-controlled DAS per gyrotron. The DAS computers send their data to a central data server using individual and dedicated 200 Mbps fully duplexed Ethernet connections. The server has a dedicated 10 krpm hard drive for each gyrotron DAS. Selected channels can then be reprocessed and distributed to viewers over a standard local area network (LAN). They can also be bridged from the LAN to the internet. Calculations indicate that the hardware will support real-time writing of each channel at full resolution to the server hard drives. The data will be re-sampled for distribution to multiple viewers over the LAN in real-time. The hardware for this system is in place. The software is under development. This paper will present the design details and up-to-date performance metrics of the system.
Nonlinear simulation of tumor growth.

We study solid tumor (carcinoma) growth in the nonlinear regime using boundary-integral simulations. The tumor core is nonnecrotic and no inhibitor chemical species are present. A new formulation of the classical models [18,24,8,3] is developed and it is demonstrated that tumor evolution is described by a reduced set of two dimensionless parameters and is qualitatively unaffected by the number of spatial dimensions. One parameter describes the relative rate of mitosis to the relaxation mechanisms (cell mobility and cell-to-cell adhesion). The other describes the balance between apoptosis (programmed cell-death) and mitosis. Both parameters also include the effect of vascularization.
Effects of catecholamines on circular and longitudinal uterine muscle of the rat

Responses of circular and longitudinal myometrial strips to norepinephrine and isoproterenol were compared in pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Norepinephrine stimulated spontaneous contractions in cicular muscle and inhibited contractions in longitudinal muscle from mid-pregnancy until term. The sensitivity of circular muscle to norepinephrine declined over this period and at term norepinephrine 10−6M inhibited contractions. Isoproterenol inhibited contractions in both circular and longitudinal muscles during pregnancy. The sensitivity of circular muscle to isoproterenol increased at term but did not change in the longitudinal muscle. The effects of norepinephrine in circular muscle were not duplicated by treatment of non-pregnant rats with ovarian steroids. The results imply a relative dominance of α-adrenoceptors in circular muscle and β-receptors in longitudinal muscle during pregnancy. The reversal of the effects of norepinephrine at term in the circular muscle is related to an increase in sensitivity and/or number of β-receptors in this muscle.
Seeded Magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiments on A 1-MA LTD

Summary form only given. Recent research on the 1-MA Michigan Linear Transformer Driver, MAIZE, has focused on the Magneto Rayleigh-Taylor (MRT) instability and validation of analytic theory, developed at UM [1,2]. MRT is a concern to all forms of magnetically imploding experiments, most recently with the imploding liners anticipated in the MagLIF geometry.[3] Eliminating or mitigating MRT is crucial to success of these programs.
Backscattering enhancement from a random distribution of large discrete spherical scatterers with a size distribution.

We study backscattering enhancement from a sparse random distribution of large scatterers with a size distribution. Second-order multiple-scattering theory based on the Bethe–Salpeter equation is used to compute the scattered field. The second-order cyclical term is used to account for the enhancement. The effects of polarization are included by using the Mie theory to account for scattering by individual particles, and the result is then averaged over the size distribution. Comparisons are made with experimental data for the case of a slab medium of sparsely distributed dielectric spheres with average ka of 298 and moderate optical thickness. Agreement between theory and experiment is good for both the copolarized and the cross-polarized returns. The Mueller matrix is also derived, and the degree of polarization is computed for the same case. Results show that including the cyclical term reduces the degree of polarization of the computed backscattered return.
Soil nitrogen availability varies with plant genetics across diverse river drainages

Understanding covariance of plant genetics and soil processes may improve our understanding the role of plant genetics in structuring soils and ecosystem function across landscapes. We measured soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability using ion exchange resin bags within three river drainages across Utah and Arizona, USA. The three drainages spanned more than 1,000 km in distance, 8° of latitude, and varying climatic regimes, but were similarly dominated by stands of Populus fremontii (S. Watts), P. angustifolia (James), or natural hybrids between the two species. Soil N availability was consistently greater in P. fremontii stands compared to P. angustifolia stands, and hybrid stands were intermediate. However, we found that the influence of overstory type on soil P availability depended on the river drainage. Our study suggests that, even with a near doubling of mean soil N availability across these drainages, the relative genetic-based effects of the dominant plant on N availability remained consistent. These results expand upon previous work by: 1) providing evidence for linkages between plant genetic factors and ecosystem function across geographic scales; and 2) indicating that plant genetic-based effects on nutrient dynamics in a given ecosystem may differ among nutrients (e.g., N vs. P).
Hybrid computation of low-frequency field penetration through open ended metallic cylinders

Computation of low-frequency field penetration through conducting and magnetic materials is important for accessing interference within devices and facilities. Another use is the prediction of naval vessel vulnerability to detection caused by the field signatures of their internal electrical machinery. A hybrid procedure is used for predicting the penetration of low-frequency fields through a cylindrical structure. The structure is assumed to be rotationally symmetric but otherwise can be inhomogeneous, including layers or rings of differing material. The internal source is an axially oriented multi-turn coil. Field computation is formulated using a finite element solution within the interior region coupled to a spheroidal field expansion in the unbounded exterior. Comparisons are made to field measurements for a coil inside a steel pipe at frequencies of 1Hz and 50Hz.
Benign Osteoblastoma of the Orbit

Benign osteoblastoma is a rare, solitary, vascular, osteoid-producing tumor that is rich in osteoblasts. This is the first report of a case of osteoblastoma of the orbit not contiguous with a sinus cavity.
A macroscopic approach to demography.

A canonical/lognormal model for human demography is established, specifying the net maternity function and the age distribution for mothers of new-borns using a single macroscopic parameter vector of dimension five. The age distribution of mothers is canonical, while the net maternity function normalizes to a lognormal density. Comparison of an actual population with the model serves to identify anomalies in the population which may be indicative of phase transitions or influences from levels outside the demographic. Tracking the time development of the parameter vector may be used to predict the future state of a population, or to interpolate for data missing from the record. In accordance with classical theoretical considerations of Backman, Prigogine, et al., it emerges that the logarithm of a mother’s age is the most fundamental time variable for demographic purposes.
Small GTPase Cdc42 Is Required for Multiple Aspects of Dendritic Morphogenesis

The study of dendritic development in CNS neurons has been hampered by a lack of complex dendritic structures that can be studied in a tractable genetic system. In an effort to develop such a system, we recently characterized the highly complex dendrites of the vertical system (VS) neurons in the Drosophila visual system. Using VS neurons as a model system, we show here using loss-of-function mutations that endogenous Cdc42, a member of Rho family of small GTPases, is required for multiple aspects of dendritic morphogenesis. Cdc42-mutant VS neurons display normal complexity but increased dendritic length compared with wild type and have defects in dendrite caliber and stereotyped dendritic branch positions. Remarkably, Cdc42 mutant neurons also show a 50% reduction in dendritic spine density. These results demonstrate that Cdc42 is a regulator for multiple aspects of dendritic development.