cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative and qualitative differences in growth, invasion and lung colonization of an anaplastic and a papillary human thyroid cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo.

Invasion and metastasis remain major reasons for failure of anti-cancer therapy. Cell lines derived from human carcinomas are frequently used to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie invasion and metastasis. Unfortunately many of these cell lines do not retain the malignant characteristics of their parental tumors. We therefore conducted a series of experimentsin vivo andin vitro to identify which aspects of malignancy of a papillary (NPA'87) and an anaplastic (DR090-1) thyroid carcinoma were consistent with the pathology of the parental tumor types. We evaluated tumor growth, invasion and metastasis of DRO90-1 and NPA'87in vivo following inoculation of the tumor cells under the dermis, under the renal capsule and into the lateral tail vein of nude mice. This evaluationin vivo showed that the anaplastic carcinoma had a faster growth rate compared with the papillary carcinoma. Furthermore, the papillary carcinoma cells could destroy and infiltrate surrounding tissue but were not capable of extravasation and colonization of lung tissue. The anaplastic cells formed lung nodules following injection into the tail vein of nude mice. This lung colonizing capability of DR090-1 correlated with their capacity to secrete an active 62 kDa gelatinase and to migrate through reconstituted basement membranein vitro.
EPR study of isothermal annealing kinetics of chromium ions in x-ray irradiated ruby

Abstract By EPR technique, dynamic measurements showed that the thermal recovery of the chromium ions to the + 3 state in X-ray irradiated ruby was a first order process. The activation energy of this process was found to be 1.37 ± 0.07 eV.
The relation of stressful life events to gender.

The contemporary Women's Movement and other social, economic, and historical trends have encouraged interest in examining and understanding the lives of women. There has been a tremendous increase in popular and scholarly writing and research which investigates and documents the richness and variety of women's experiences as well as the many barriers to their equality. This literature raises substantive questions and provides new frameworks for understanding and possibly changing the lives of women as well as men. However, much of this work either focuses on specific roles which distinguish women from men, or studies women and men separately, even as it acknowledges the relationship between the two groups or among multiple roles. Little research exists which investigates the variety of roles and experiences in the lives of both women and men without subsuming one group into a framework based on the life conditions or values of the other. It is important to encourage research and theory that explores the m...
Ocular Sarcoidosis Occurring as a Unilateral Optic Disk Vascular Lesion

A 36-year-old black man who was taking low doses of systemic corticosteroids for systemic sarcoidosis had a vascular lesion of the left optic disk as the only ocular sign. The lesion regressed over a four-month period with high dosage corticosteroid therapy, but he developed optic atrophy and visual acuity of no light perception.
The Rocky Mountain "Black Fly," Symphoromyia atripes (Diptera : Rhagionidae).

In the 1920's when hiking in the Cascade Mountains in southern British Columbia, I was persistently annoyed by a small, black fly which approached noiselessly and inflicted a painful bite. In that part of the country hikers agreed that at elevations of about three to five thousand feet the discomforts caused by this fly were equalled only by those of mosquitoes, usually with this distinction—when there were mosquitoes there were none of these “black flies”[1][1] and when these were present there were no mosquitoes. During the summer of 1936, a party of us visited this same range in Washington and were almost completely routed by the same little animal. This time I procured some specimens, and they proved to be the Rhagionid fly Symphoromyia atripes Bigot, fig. 1. [1]: #fn-1
A critical comparison of approximation methods and models for equilibrium properties of low-barrier hydrogen bonds

Recent experimental evidence has led to the conclusion that short, strong hydrogen bonds can stabilize transition states of enzyme catalyzed biochemical reactions. Evidence for such hydrogen bonds is the low value of the isotopic fractionation factor, φ, which is defined as the equilibrium constant for the generic reaction, R−H + DOH ↔ R−D + HOH, where H is the hydrogen atom participating in the low-barrier hydrogen bond in a molecule R−H. In this work we assess two approximation methods for computing the isotopic fractionation factors for single and multidimensional systems containing a low-barrier hydrogen bond. These methods are WKB and an approach that corrects the classical partition function via a quantum correction factor. We find that the latter approach is universally accurate and applicable in both single and multidimensional systems containing a low-barrier hydrogen bond. We also assess two different models for the coupling of a molecule's low-barrier hydrogen bond to other degrees of freedom, ...
Mainstream breast cancer radiology perspective

Clinical breast-imaging tests must be fast, sensitive, specific, add information not otherwise available to clinicians at a reasonable cost, and be biopsy-capable. Mammography, breast ultrasound and imaging guided breast core biopsies and preoperative needle localizations are most often used in breast imaging facilities around the world. This article will describe mammography and breast ultrasound in current clinical practice for breast cancer detection, diagnosis, staging, image-guided biopsy, and for evaluation of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Mitochondrial integrity and maltose utilization in yeast.

Strains of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae able to utilize maltose only in the presence of functional mitochondria have been described. Two such strains Z104-4B and Z109-1C were isolated as revertants from parental strains unable to utilize maltose. These strains are unique in the sense that although they produce inducible maltase for normal growth on maltose agar plates in the presence of functional mitochondria, they are very poor fermenters of maltose under anaerobic condition. Glycerol negative mutants isolated from these strains simultaneously lose the ability to utilize maltose. One of the manganese induced glycerol negative mit− mutants Z104-4B-Mnl, reverts concomitantly to growth on glycerol and maltose agar plates. On the basis of results presented in this paper, we propose the possibility of existence of two alternate mechanisms for maltose utilization in yeast. An oxidative mechanism for which mitochondrial functions are indispensable, and a fermentative pathway for which mitochondrial integrity is not required.
Tolerance of low intracellular pH during hypercapnia by rat cortical brain slices: A 31P/1H NMR study.

: Metabolic tolerance of low intracellular pH (pHi) was studied in well-oxygenated, perfused, neonatal, rat cerebrocortical brain slices (350 mum thick) by inducing severe hypercapnia. In each of 17 separate experiments 80 brain slices (sim 3.2 g wet weight) were suspended in an NMR tube, perfused with artificial CSF (ACSF), and studied at 4.7 T with 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Spectra obtained every 5 min monitored relative concentrations of lactate or high-energy phosphate metabolites, from which pHi and extracellular pH were determined. Unperturbed slice preparations were metabolically stable for > 10 h, with no significant changes occurring in pHi, ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate, or lactate. Different levels of hypercapnia were produced by sequentially perfusing slices with the following different ACSF batches, each having previously been equilibrated with a specific mixture of CO2 in oxygen: (a) 10% CO2, 15 min of perfusion; (b) 30% CO2, 15 min of perfusion; (c) 50% CO2, 15 min of perfusion; (d) 70% CO2, 30 min of perfusion; (e) 50% CO2, 15 min of perfusion; (f) 30% CO2, 15 min of perfusion; and (g) 10% CO2, 15 min of perfusion. At the completion of this protocol slices were again perfused with fresh ACSF that was equilibrated with a 95% O2/5% CO2 gas mixture. In each of five separate 1H and 31P experiments, brain slices were recovered within 2 h after termination of exposure to high CO2. The pHi was determined from measurements of the chemical shift difference between phosphoethanolamine and PCr, using a calibration curve obtained for our preparation. During hypercapnia, pHi decreased from 7.18 pmn 0.22 to 6.79 pmn 0.13, 6.60 pmn 0.11, 6.33 pmn 0.40, and 6.37 pmn 0.14 when CO2 concentrations were increased to 10, 30, 50, and 70%, respectively. Lactate/N-acetylaspartate ratios were unchanged until the administration of 70% CO2, which caused a relative increase from 0.83 pmn 0.15 to 1.35 pmn 0.32 (n = 5, p = 0.0024). The administration of 70% CO2 also caused complete depletion of PCr and a 46 pmn 22% (n = 5, p = 0.0024) decrease in ATP content. Metabolite and pH values returned to control values after restoration of normocapnia. The lowest tissue pHi attainable in our protocol using 30% O2/70% CO2 in our brain slice preparation was sim 6.3.
Interdisciplinary Health Care Teamwork in the Clinic Backstage

A long-term ethnography of an interdisciplinary geriatric oncology team at a regional cancer center revealed the existence and importance of backstage communication that occurred outside of team meetings to the enactment of teamwork. Seven inductively derived categories describe the communication involved in backstage teamwork in the clinic: informal impression and information sharing; checking clinic progress; relationship building; space management; training students; handling interruptions; and formal reporting. The centrality of backstage communication to caring for patients is explored, and a view of embedded teamwork is proposed, extending upon the bona fide group construct. The study provides a valuable complement to controlled studies of group decision-making through its focus on dynamic communication outside of meetings among dyads and triads of team members in a web-like organization and extends bona fide group theory.
Recent progress in the theory of composite fermions near even-denominator filling factors

Abstract Theories of compressible and incompressible states at filling factors v = 1/2, 1/4, 1/3, 2/5, ... in the fractional quantum Hall regime will be reviewed using mainly physical pictures. Our current understanding, and its relation to experiments, will be discussed.
The uptake of endogenous proteins by oocyte nuclei.

Abstract Late stage 5, and stage 6 Xenopus oocytes were micro-injected with tritiated leucine or proline. Incorporation of the isotope into TCA-precipitable material was complete in approx. 1 2 h . At intervals of 1 2 , 1, 3, and 6 h after injection, nuclei were isolated by hand and fixed in ethanol. The nuclear envelopes were removed, and the size distribution of labelled polypeptides within the remaining nucleoplasm was determined on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Labelled polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from about 11000 to 150000 were present in the nucleus 1 2 h after injection. With increasing time, the number of counts per nucleus increased, as did the proportion of larger polypeptides. Using puromycin, it could be demonstrated that the incorporated macromolecules were taken up from the cytoplasm, and not synthesized in the nucleus. After 3 h the concentration of labelled polypeptides having molecular weights of 94 000 and above was about four times greater in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. These rates of nuclear accumulation of macromolecules are greater than would have been predicted from previous studies of nuclear permeability utilizing exogenous tracers. Possible explanations for these differences are considered.
Simultaneous GLC Determination of Acetaminophen, Dichloralantipyrine, and Isometheptene Mucate

A rapid GLC assay for acetaminophen, dichloralantipyrine, and isometheptene mucate in capsules was developed. These substances are chromatographed directly, using phenyl methyl silicone gum as the stationary phase. The standard calibration curves are linear up to 14 mg/ml, with a lower limit of sensitivity of 2 mg/ml. This method is simple and rapid and does not require derivative formation.
Derived 4H-pyrazole as a reactive intermediate in the transformation of cyclic malonic hydrazide into 1,5-dichloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene through a Diels–Alder reaction with substituted cyclopropenes. AM1 semiempirical and B3LYP density functional theory studies of the cycloaddition reaction of one pyrazole tautomer with cyclopropene

Abstract AM1 and B3LYP/6-31G(d) computational studies of the transformation of cyclic malonic hydrazides into derivatives of 1,5-dichloro-1,4-cyclohexadienes were presented. The reactions involved the transformation of cyclic hydrazide into [4H]-pyrazole, the cycloaddition reaction of [4H]-pyrazole with cyclopropene, and finally the elimination of nitrogen from the tricycloadduct obtained through a Diels–Alder reaction. The necessary reaction and structural requirements, from a computational chemistry perspective, were discussed.
Rice in Asia: Is It Becoming an Inferior Good?

Empirical results using time-series and cross-sectional data indicate that rice in Asia is becoming an inferior good. Income elasticities declined and in some cases became negative between 1961 and 1985 in most of the fourteen Asian countries studied. Accordingly, domestic demand for rice in these countries is not likely to grow as rapidly as it has in the past. As a consequence, there is a potential for excess supplies of rice to develop in Asia, putting downward pressure on rice prices. While governments in Asian countries may need to adjust their rice policies in the future, world rice suppliers may need to develop new markets for rice.
Leatherbacks swimming in silico: modeling and verifying their momentum and heat balance using computational fluid dynamics.

As global temperatures increase throughout the coming decades, species ranges will shift. New combinations of abiotic conditions will make predicting these range shifts difficult. Biophysical mechanistic niche modeling places bounds on an animal’s niche through analyzing the animal’s physical interactions with the environment. Biophysical mechanistic niche modeling is flexible enough to accommodate these new combinations of abiotic conditions. However, this approach is difficult to implement for aquatic species because of complex interactions among thrust, metabolic rate and heat transfer. We use contemporary computational fluid dynamic techniques to overcome these difficulties. We model the complex 3D motion of a swimming neonate and juvenile leatherback sea turtle to find power and heat transfer rates during the stroke. We combine the results from these simulations and a numerical model to accurately predict the core temperature of a swimming leatherback. These results are the first steps in developing a highly accurate mechanistic niche model, which can assists paleontologist in understanding biogeographic shifts as well as aid contemporary species managers about potential range shifts over the coming decades.
Institutions and Growth in Korea and Taiwan: The Bureaucracy

How do competent bureaucracies emerge in developing countries? We examine bureaucratic reform in Korea and Taiwan and argue that in both cases political leaders had an interest in reforming the civil service to carry out their programmatic initiatives. In addition, both governments undertook organisational reforms that made certain parts of the bureaucracy more meritocratic, while utilising centralised and insulated pilot agencies’ in overall policy coordination. However, we reject the approach to bureaucratic reform that focuses primarily on its efficiency‐enhancing effects. If delegation, bureaucratic and policy reform provided an easily available solution to the authoritarian's dilemma, dictators would have more uniformly positive economic records. Rather, we analyse the political and institutional constraints under which governing elites operate. In doing so, we underscore several important variations in the design of bureaucratic organisation, which in turn mirror larger policy differences between th...
Concurrent analysis techniques for data path timing optimization

Conventional High-level Synthesis techniques create an interconnection structure before physical design. Following physical design, connection delays and special requirements may cause the structure to fail timing or performance constraints. Alterations to this structure are often limited since it was created either after or during the binding and scheduling tasks. In this paper we present a set of techniques which analyze the timing trade-offs associated with the position-specific interconnection network given the freedom of high-level binding and rescheduling changes.
A reconstructed computerized tomographic comparison of Ni-Ti rotary GT files versus traditional instruments in canals shaped by novice operators.

Aim The aim of this study was to compare the effects of preparation with conventional stainless steel Flexofiles® and Gates Glidden burs versus nickel–titanium GT™ rotary files in the shaping of mesial root canals of extracted mandibular molars. Methodology A total of 54 canals from 27 mesial roots of mandibular molar teeth were prepared using one of two methods by novice dental students. One canal in each root was prepared by a crown-down approach, utilizing stainless steel Flexofiles® and Gates Glidden burs. The other canal was prepared using nickel–titanium GT™ rotary files in a crown-down fashion as recommended by the manufacturer. Preoperative CT scans of each root were recorded and 50 canal specimens were available for postoperative comparisons. Following canal shaping, postoperative scans were superimposed on the original images. Changes in canal area, canal transportation and thickness of remaining root structure at strategic levels of the root were analyzed. The time taken for each method was also noted. Results At the coronal and mid-root coronal one-third sections, the rotary GT™ files produced a significantly smaller postoperative canal area (P < 0.05). In the mid-root sections there was significantly less transportation of the root canal toward the furcation, and less thinning of the root structure with GT™ files compared to the stainless steel files (P < 0.05). Overall, there was greater conservation of structure coronally and more adequate shape in the mid-root level. The GT™ rotary technique was significantly faster than the stainless steel hand-held file technique (P < 0.0001). Two GT™ instruments fractured during the study. Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, novice dental students were able to prepare curved root canals with Ni–Ti GT™ rotary files with less transportation and greater conservation of tooth structure, compared to canals prepared with hand instruments. The rotary technique was significantly faster.
Use of Oral Conjugated Estrogen Alone and Risk of Breast Cancer

The authors conducted a prospective cohort analysis in the Women's Health Study (1992-2004), a completed randomized trial assessing aspirin and vitamin E in the primary prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease, to evaluate use of oral conjugated estrogen alone (0.625 mg/day) and breast cancer risk in a time-varying fashion. Over an average of 10 years of follow-up, 305 incident cases of breast cancer (258 invasive and 47 in situ cancers) were documented among 12,718 women aged 45 years or more who were either consistent current users of oral conjugated estrogen alone (0.625 mg/day) or never users of any type of postmenopausal hormones at baseline and during follow-up. The multivariable hazard ratios comparing "consistent current users" with "never users" were 1.11 (95% confidence interval: 0.79, 1.56) for total breast cancer and 1.13 (95% confidence interval: 0.77, 1.64) for invasive cases. No significant associations were observed for use of less than 8 and 8 years or more. Restricting the analyses to women with prior hysterectomy somewhat strengthened the associations, albeit still not significantly. These data, like those from the Women's Health Initiative, show no significant increase in breast cancer risk with use of oral conjugated estrogen alone (0.625 mg/day), but a small increase or decrease in risk cannot be excluded.
Recent Studies of the Russian Peasant

THERE is a vast literature on the Russian peasant. In the 19th century the Russian peasant became known to the west through the writings of Russian novelists, especially Leo Tolstoi, and of foreign travellers. These latter include A. von Haxthausen (1844-1852), an incisive survey unfortunately involved in an outmoded controversy over the "original" forms of Russian peasant life; P. von Kippen (1852), a statistical treatment of the Don Cossacks and the south-central Russian peasant; J. Engelmann (1884), an excellent study of the condition of the Russian peasant before and after emancipation from serfdom in the 1860s; the keen if somewhat romanticized, notes on the peasant by a Scotsman, Sir Donald Mackenzie Wallace (1912); and above all, Frederic Le Play (1877). Le Play, one of the founders of sociology, studied the peasant household of central and southern Russia in the mid-19th century, as well as working class households of the Urals, with particular reference to his specialty, family budgets. At this time the Russians themselves were also developing the study of their native peasantry, and they produced a literature which was unsurpassed in scope and comprehensiveness by any other national tradition. One of the most impressive studies is a six volume series on the Russian peasant, Etnograficheskii Sbornik (1853-1864). The Russian Geographical Society was charged with these studies down to the Soviet period. Even more compendious was a 19 volume series, Materialy dlia Geografii i Statistiki Rossii (1860-1864). This series is a vast reservoir of information gathered province by province on the demography, family life, village organization and social relations of the peasants. The journal of the ethnographic section of the Russian Geographic Society, Zhivaia Starina (The Living Past), in virtually every issue for a 25 year period from 1891 to 1916 published important contributions on the Russian peasant economy, ceremonials, agricultural round, family relations including the position of women, settlement patterns, customary law, house types, and folklore. A collection edited by V. P. Semenov-Tian-Shanskii (1899-1914) devoted some nine volumes to a systematic survey of the Russian peasant, among other subjects such as Russian geography, history, etc. At this time a number of individual scholars were examining the peasant life. Among the most outstanding of these is V. I. Semevskii (1888). Peasant customary law has been covered by a number of legal specialists, the chief of whom is undoubtedly V. I. Sergeevich (1902-1911); despite the somewhat oldfashioned conception his book is a vast compendium of peasant customary law. In any survey of prerevolutionary Russian literature on the peasant, a high place must be assigned to Aleksandra Efimenko (1884), whose work is of great significance in method, theory, and presentation of detail.
The Surgical Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis

The majority of children with congenital muscular torticollis are successfully treated with an aggressive physical therapy program. A select group of patients, however, clearly require an operation for a successful outcome. This article takes a historical look at the role of surgery in the management of congenital muscular torticollis and its evolution into today's management principles. By reviewing the literature, we define the subset of children requiring an operation and the ideal timing of the operation. Finally, a brief description of the operative intervention is given.
Methodological Issues for Health-Related Surveys of Multicultural Older Women

Given concerns about survey nonresponse bias as well as the need to plan resources for participant recruitment, this study tracked each step of the recruitment process (location, response, consent,...
On subspace decompositions of finite horizon dynamic programming problems

We consider finite horizon dynamic programming problems where the dynamics are linear over a finite dimensional state-space and where the cost function depends only on the state. Starting from a decomposition of the state-space under the relevant linear transformation, we derive conditions under which the dynamic programming problem decomposes into a set of smaller problems that can be solved independently, with their combined solutions yielding the optimal solution of the original problem. For linear systems over finite fields, we show that the resulting reduction in complexity is exponential.
Titan Saturn System Mission

Titan is a high priority for exploration, as recommended by NASA's 2006 Solar System Exploration (SSE) Roadmap [1], NASA's 2003 National Research Council (NRC) Decadal Survey [2] and ESA's Cosmic Vision Program Themes. Recent revolutionary Cassini-Huygens discoveries have dramatically escalated interest in Titan as the next scientific target in the outer Solar System. Results of this study as documented in the TSSM Final Report [3] and Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM) NASA/ESA Joint Summary Report [4] demonstrates that an exciting Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM) that explores two worlds of intense astrobiological interest can be initiated now as a single NASA/ESA collaboration.
Democracy and welfare in hard times: The social policy of the Orbán Government in Hungary between 2010 and 2014:

East-Central European countries have been hit by the economic crisis especially hard. This article argues that reactions to the crisis by the Hungarian government of Viktor Orban have been distinct in several ways. The crisis has been used by the cabinet as a rationale to carry out paradigmatic reforms in nearly all policy fields within a very short period of time while the two-thirds parliamentary majority provided an opportunity for this. There have been no widespread protests and no veto players have prevented the implementation of reforms, partly because checks and balances, including the Constitutional Court, have been put aside. The direction of reforms has been diffuse and often contradictory, consisting of neo-liberal, etatist and neo-conservative elements. Early assessment of changes indicates the increasing polarization of society not only in terms of income but also of ethnicity.
Extending Substitutability in Composite Services by Allowing Asynchronous Communication with Message Buffers

We study the problem of substitution of components in a composite service, especially in the setting where the substitute is composed in an asynchronous fashion. By asynchronous composition, we mean that the participants in the composition are not required to synchronize on the input/output actions as long as the input to one participant always follows the corresponding output from another. We show that such asynchronous composition can be realized by synchronous composition of the participating components along with an appropriate buffer process. We obtain the condition which, when satisfied by a service Q1′, allows Q1′ to act as a correct substitute for Q1 in a composition of services Q1 and Q2. Our work extends prior results on substitutability where the conditions relied on synchronous composition and/or on the structural equivalence between the substitute and the component being replaced.
Publics in practice: ubiquitous computing at a shelter for homeless mothers

Today, commodity technologies like mobile phones - once symbols of status and wealth - have become deeply woven into social and economic participation in Western society. Despite the pervasiveness of these technologies, there remain groups who may not have extensive access to them but who are nonetheless deeply affected by their presence in everyday life. In light of this, we designed, built, and deployed a ubiquitous computing system for one such overlooked group: the staff and residents at a shelter for homeless mothers. Our system connects mobile phones, a shared display, and a Web application to help staff and residents stay connected. We report on the adoption and use of this system over the course of a 30 week deployment, discussing the substantial impact our system had on shelter life and the broader implications for such socio-technical systems that sit at the juncture of social action and organizational coordination.
Comparison of the Soluble and Membrane‐Bound Forms of the Puromycin‐Sensitive Enkephalin‐Degrading Aminopeptidases from Rat

Enkephalin degradation in brain has been shown to be catalyzed, in part, by a membrane-bound puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase. A cytosolic puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase with similar properties also has been described. The relationship between the soluble and membrane forms of the rat brain enzyme is investigated here. Both of these aminopeptidase forms were purified from rat brain and an antiserum was generated to the soluble enzyme. Each of the aminopeptidases is composed of a single polypeptide of molecular mass 100 kilodaltons as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography. The antisoluble aminopeptidase antiserum reacts with both enzyme forms on immunoblots and inhibits both with nearly identical inhibition curves. The isoelectric points (pI = 5.0) of both forms were shown to be identical. N-terminal sequencing yielded a common sequence (P-E-K-R-P-F-E-R-L-P-T-E-V-S-P-I-N-Y) for both enzyme forms, and peptide mapping yielded 26 peptides that also appeared identical between the two enzyme forms. Studies on the nature of the association of the membrane enzyme form with the cell membrane suggest that this enzyme form does not represent the soluble form trapped during the enzyme preparation. It is suggested that the membrane form of the puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase is identical to the soluble enzyme and that it associates with the membrane by interactions with other integral membrane proteins.
Design of Scalar Impedance Holographic Metasurfaces for Antenna Beam Formation With Desired Polarization

This paper presents the design of a novel planar scalar impedance holographic metasurface, which is capable of beam forming with a desired electric field polarization and high gain. It is demonstrated that the surface can be constructed with patches of simple geometry and design. A detailed analysis of the mechanism of scalar impedance holographic metasurfaces is discussed. The scalar impedance holographic metasurface is designed at a dominant TM surface wave mode frequency. It is observed that the TM surface wave mode has an impurity of TE polarized electric fields of small magnitude. The presence of this impurity is exploited to design a holographic metasurface for beam forming with a desired polarization. This modified-HAIS is capable of forming a beam at a nonphase crossover frequency, unlike the conventional HAIS. The design procedure of the surface, with simulation and measurement results, is presented.
Assessing Progress In Advertising-Related Scale Development & Usage

An awareness in the advertising industry of the inadequacy of current practices in copy testing led to the development of PACT (Positioning Advertising Copy Testing), a statement of fundamental copy testing principles developed by twenty-one of the world's leading advertising agencies. A primary concern of this coalition was that too much reliance had been placed on single-item measures to assess the performance of ads, with a concurrent lack of validation of the measures being used. Subsequently, few studies have followed up on the PACT recommendations, resulting in little in the way of objective data to assess the progress made in the development and use of multi-item scales. This study offers an initial examination of the progress made in response to the PACT recommendations by developing an inventory and evaluation of advertising-related scales. Insights from this analysis lead to specific observations regarding the state of the art in advertising research as well as recommendations for future scale research.
Design of C++ classes and functions to model non-game interfacing applications of the inputs of a joy port (tutorial presentation)

A summary and demonstration of the synthesis of C++ classes and functions which would model non-game applications of a traditional joy port of the IBM compatible personal computer. A classic security alarm system with multiple zones circuits hardwired to the port will be used as an application example. The generic physical/electrical provisions and characteristics of the port for digital and analog inputs are reviewed with schematic diagrams. Applicable functions from the C++ libraries, conio.h and math.h, are identified and explained. These functions provide access and bit level logic to isolate logic states at individual joy port pins. The hardware port supports four (4) sink mode digital switch inputs which are used as the basis for security zones. The declarations and definitions of member functions for a security zone class which can monitor and control alarms and screen reports for each zone is presented. Additionally, one of the joy port analog inputs will be interfaced to an LED-photo-transistor pair setting up a disable function by breaking a light beam. A 2 ft. × 4 ft. display/demo board, interfaced to a laptop computer joy port and accompanied with prints of source code and diagrams will clarify understanding.
Build-a-Cardiologist: The Cardiologist of the Future—The Business of Certification

When I was recently being patted down by a Prometric employee before walking into the test room for my third board certification examination in my final year of cardiovascular fellowship, I began to ask myself, “what kind of career did I sign up for?” I thought board examinations ended shortly
CHIMERA: a wide-field, multi-colour, high-speed photometer at the prime focus of the Hale telescope

The Caltech HIgh-speed Multi-colour camERA (CHIMERA) is a new instrument that has been developed for use at the prime focus of the Hale 200-inch telescope. Simultaneous optical imaging in two bands is enabled by a dichroic beam splitter centred at 567 nm, with Sloan u′ and g′ bands available on the blue arm and Sloan r′, i′ and z_s bands available on the red arm. Additional narrow-band filters will also become available as required. An electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD) detector is employed for both optical channels, each capable of simultaneously delivering sub-electron effective read noise under multiplication gain and frame rates of up to 26 fps full frame (several 1000 fps windowed), over a fully corrected 5 × 5 arcmin field of view. CHIMERA was primarily developed to enable the characterization of the size distribution of sub-km Kuiper Belt Objects via stellar occultation, a science case that motivates the frame-rate, the simultaneous multi-colour imaging and the wide field of view of the instrument. In addition, it also has unique capability in the detection of faint near-Earth asteroids and will be used for the monitoring of short-duration transient and periodic sources, particularly those discovered by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF), and the upcoming Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF).
Glutathione oxidation and PTPase inhibition by hydrogen peroxide in Caco-2 cell monolayer

The role of H(2)O(2) and protein thiol oxidation in oxidative stress-induced epithelial paracellular permeability was investigated in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Treatment with a H(2)O(2) generating system (xanthine oxidase + xanthine) or H(2)O(2) (20 microM) increased the paracellular permeability. Xanthine oxidase-induced permeability was potentiated by superoxide dismutase and prevented by catalase. H(2)O(2)-induced permeability was prevented by ferrous sulfate and potentiated by deferoxamine and 1,10-phenanthroline. GSH, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, dithiothreitol, mercaptosuccinate, and diethylmaleate inhibited H(2)O(2)-induced permeability, but it was potentiated by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. H(2)O(2) reduced cellular GSH and protein thiols and increased GSSG. H(2)O(2)-mediated reduction of GSH-to-GSSG ratio was prevented by ferrous sulfate, GSH, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, diethylmaleate, and mercaptosuccinate and potentiated by 1,10-phenanthroline and 1, 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Incubation of soluble fraction of cells with GSSG reduced protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity, which was prevented by coincubation with GSH. PTPase activity was also lower in H(2)O(2)-treated cells. This study indicates that H(2)O(2), but not O(2)(-). or.OH, increases paracellular permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayer by a mechanism that involves oxidation of GSH and inhibition of PTPases.
Final Technical Report for the BOOST2013 Workshop. Hosted by the University of Arizona

BOOST 2013 was the 5th International Joint Theory/Experiment Workshop on Phenomenology, Reconstruction and Searches for Boosted Objects in High Energy Hadron Collisions. It was locally organized and hosted by the Experimental High Energy Physics Group at the University of Arizona and held at Flagstaff, Arizona on August 12-16, 2013. The workshop provided a forum for theorists and experimentalists to present and discuss the latest findings related to the reconstruction of boosted objects in high energy hadron collisions and their use in searches for new physics. This report gives the outcomes of the BOOST 2013 Workshop.
Facilitating Student Involvement in Transition Assessment: A Pilot Study of the "Student Transition Questionnaire".

This article describes the pilot study of an informal assessment, the Student Transition Questionnaire (STQ). The STQ is a 38-item assessment designed to elicit student perspectives on transition-related topics. In this mixed-methods study, we piloted the STQ with 186 participants, and then conducted focus groups with various stakeholders. A factor analysis revealed STQ items grouped together around five factors. We found that the STQ was useful in distinguishing students’ perceptions of personal strengths and needs. Focus group participants considered the STQ to be user-friendly and helpful in promoting student engagement in transition planning; participants also identified several areas needing improvement. Implications for revising the STQ, its application in transition planning, and future research are discussed.
Human Mitochondrial DNA and Endogenous Bacterial Surrogates for Risk Assessment of Graywater Reuse

Previous graywater risk assessment studies have focused on fecal contamination, yet the low density of fecal indicators may not provide the most useful approach to assess pathogen removal during graywater treatment. In this study, we employed high throughput bacterial sequencing and qPCR to elucidate potential microbial surrogates in wastewater sourced from an industrial laundry. In addition, we explored human mitochondrial DNA (HmtDNA) as a new, potentially more reliable molecular marker, because it can be unambiguously sourced, has a high copy number per cell, and is persistent when released from cells with no self-replication in graywater. Pyrosequencing and qPCR revealed that laundry water microbiota was dominated by the skin-associated bacteria Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Propionibacterium (6.5, 5.7, 5.4 log10 copies/100 mL, respectively). While HmtDNA was less abundant (2.8 log10 copies/100 mL), it showed a strong positive correlation with the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (r...
Research on the Status-quo of Work Safety and Management Strategies in China——Based on the Analysis on Data of the Year of 2000 to the First Half Year of 2013

According to the accident inquiry system of the State Administration of Work Safety,from the Year of 2000 to the First Half Year of 2013,there are 23015 cases of work safety and 86685 deaths in 31 provinces of Mainland China. In China accidents of work safety are mainly accidents in industrial and mining enterprises and traffic accidents. Chinese government should strengthen the supervision of work safety in key provinces,strengthen the supervision of work safety in industrial and mining enterprises,strengthen management of traffic accident,pay more attention to the management of work safety in engineering enterprises,lay emphasis on management of work safety in business and trading company,attach importance to safety management of the water traffic,the railway crossing and air traffic.
Analysis of continuum generation in bulk materials with a femtosecond Ti:Sapph laser

There is a significant need for the generation of highly stable continuum beams for a wide variety of optical diagnostic techniques. Of particular interest to this group are those techniques being used for chemical detection, such as Multiplex Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (MCARS), stimulated Raman scattering, two-photon absorption spectroscopy, and techniques involving ultrafast optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs). While photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are popular and provide an ample method for continuum generation under very specific conditions, they are not particularly stable in unfavorable conditions and can exhibit energy fluctuations and lack of coherence. Bulk solid materials, commonly sapphire or YAG crystals, can provide incredibly broad and smooth spectra with better temporal and spatial coherence. In this study, we present an in-depth analysis of femtosecond continuum generation in sapphire and YAG crystals using a 40fs Ti:Sapphire laser. Beam size, pump pulse energy, beam profile, and a variety of focusing conditions are considered. In addition, an analysis of the thick lens theory required for collimation of the continuum beam has been conducted and experimentally verified.
Experimental study on mitochondrial energy metabolism in ischemia postconditioning myocardium

Objectives To investigate the effectives of postconditioning in mitochondrial energy metabolism in ischemia-reperfusion myocardium. Methods Isolated langendorff heart model was established. Forty-eight male SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: sham operation group (S group), ischemia reperfusion group ( IR group) and ischemia postconditioning group (P group). After 20 minutes K-H perfusion for equilibration,the S group underwent 60 perfusion with 37℃ K-H solution. The IR group underwent 30 minutes ischemia and the reperfusion 30 minutes. The P group underwent 30 minutes, followed 6 cycles including 10 seconds reperfusion added 10 seconds ischemia and the reperfusion 28 minutes. The heart rate and the coronary flow at the end of equilibration and the reperfusion were recorded. At the end of experiment,HPLC was used to evaluate the content of ATP,ADP and AMP. Mitochondria were isolated with different centrifugations,the Clark electrodes were used to test the mitochondrial T3, T4 and RCR. Results Compared with IR group,the heart rate and the coronary flow was improved at the end of reperfusion in P group. There was no difference in 3 groups of ATP content in myocardium. However the content of ADP and AMP in P group were obviously elevated as compared with IR group. T3 and RCR were higher in P group than those in IR group. There was no difference in 3 groups of T4. Conclusions Ischemia postconditioning may provide protection by improving the mitochondrial energy metabolism in myocardium.
Chemical Changes in Nonthermal Plasma-Treated N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Solution and Their Contribution to Bacterial Inactivation

In continuation of our previous reports on the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of atmospheric non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treated N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) solution against planktonic and biofilm forms of different multidrug resistant microorganisms, we present here the chemical changes that mediate inactivation of Escherichia coli. In this study, the mechanism and products of the chemical reactions in plasma-treated NAC solution are shown. UV-visible spectrometry, FT-IR, NMR, and colorimetric assays were utilized for chemical characterization of plasma treated NAC solution. The characterization results were correlated with the antimicrobial assays using determined chemical species in solution in order to confirm the major species that are responsible for antimicrobial inactivation. Our results have revealed that plasma treatment of NAC solution creates predominantly reactive nitrogen species versus reactive oxygen species, and the generated peroxynitrite is responsible for significant bacterial inactivation.
A venous outflow method for continuously monitoring cerebral blood flow in the rat

We analyzed the retroglenoid venous outflow (VOF) technique in the rat to document the validity of this method of measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF). Stereotypic changes in CBF were obtained with VOF during hypercarbia and hypotension. O2 content of retroglenoid venous blood did not differ significantly from O2 content of blood obtained from the sagittal sinus, suggesting minimal extracerebral contamination of the retroglenoid venous blood. This lack of extracerebral contamination was further analyzed using a double tracer technique (125I-labeled serum albumin, 22Na) that quantitated minimal extracerebral contamination in the retroglenoid vein. CBF measurements were made simultaneously using microsphere and VOF methods, and excellent correlation was found between the two techniques over a wide range of CBF during normoxia, hypoxia, and normoxic hypocarbia and hypercarbia. However, a decrease in the ratio of VOF to microsphere CBF was observed during severe normoxic hypotension (mean arterial pressure = 41 +/- 4 mmHg). VOF represented 18% of total CBF as measured by microsphere method. This study indicates that the retroglenoid outflow technique in rats is a valid method of measuring CBF.
Upper Critical and Irreversibility Fields in Ba(Fe0.95Ni0.05)2As2 and Ba(Fe0.94Ni0.06)2As2 Pnictide Bulk Superconductors

A comprehensive study of upper critical and irreversibility magnetic fields in Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2 and Ba(Fe0.91Co0.09)2As2 polycrystalline bulk pnictide superconductors was made in pulsed fields of up to 65 T. The full-magnetic field-temperature (H−T) phase diagrams, starting at 1.5 K, were obtained. Possible multi-band structure of these materials is lumped into effective parameters of the single-band model. The higher temperature, upper critical field H c2 data is well described by the one-band Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg (WHH) model. The large values of the Maki parameter (6.5 and 4.4) indicate that the Zeeman pair breaking dominates over the orbital pair breaking and spin-paramagnetic pair-breaking effect is significant in these materials. The fitted WHH curve departs from the experimental data at low temperatures, particularly for the Ba(Fe0.91Co0.09)2As2 sample, suggesting an emergence of a new phase that can be attributed to the Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state. The H c2 temperature behavior can be described within a single-band model used in WHH with added finite-Q dependence to introduce FFLO instability. The anisotropy in the behavior of the upper critical field could also explain the data.