cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE STATUS OF GERMAN INSTRUCTION IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF THE EASTERN STATES

DURING the annual meeting of the Modern Language Association at Poughkeepsie in 1920 the professors and teachers of German in attendance held a special meeting on December 29th to discuss the status of German instruction in our schools and colleges. At this meeting a committee, consisting of E. W. Bagster-Collins (Columbia), C. W. Eastman (Amherst), C. H. Handschin (Miami), J. P. Hoskins (Princeton), D. B. Shumway (Pennsylvania) and M. C. Stewart (Union) was appointed for the purpose of ascertaining the present status of German instruction and of achieving the resumption of the same as rapidly as possible. Professor J. P. Hoskins of Princeton was made chairman and Professor C. H. Hanschin, secretary of this committee which was further empowered to subdivide its work and to add additional members, to the number of nine or more, as the situation seemed to require. As a state of war existed technically between the United States and Germany until last July, the Committee spent most of its time up to that date in making a survey of the situation in the states along the Atlantic seaboard. After July it continued the work of gathering information and began the work of circularizing school authorities in behalf of the reinstatement of the German language in school courses of study. As the result of its efforts along these lines the Committee offers this report of the status of German instruction in the territory usually included in the Eastern Section of the Modern Language Association. The difficulty in obtaining an accurate survey of the situation in the different states composing this territory led the Committee to the organization of a sub-committee representing the different states whose business it should be to furnish the Chairman an accurate account of the situation in the leading cities of each state and to report on the attitude of the local public in regard to the teaching of the German language. On this committee 366
The failure of retrograde autologous priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit to reduce blood use after cardiac surgical procedures.

Hemodilution during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a primary risk factor for blood transfusion in cardiac surgical patients. Priming of the CPB circuit with the patients’ own blood (retrograde autologous priming, RAP) is a technique used to limit hemodilution and reduce transfusion requirements. We
Refining the anger consequences questionnaire

Abstract Clinicians and researchers are often faced with the difficult task of assessing individuals with anger problems. Norm-referenced measures provide a useful adjunct to interview methods but do not routinely assess the consequences of a client’s anger. The present study was conducted to refine the Anger Consequences Questionnaire (ACQ), a promising instrument developed through cluster analysis. After common factor analysis suggested a 6-factor solution, the construct validity of the revised ACQ was supported through relationships with trait anger, anger expression/control, aggression, hostility, stress, depression, and anxiety. Regression analyses showed that aggressive anger consequences (e.g., physical and verbal aggression, property damage, etc.) and damaged relationships were predicted by trait anger and aggressive anger expression. In contrast, the experience of negative emotions (e.g., depression, anxiety, guilt, etc.) and self-harm as a result of one’s anger were predicted by trait anger and anger suppression.
Report on the 6th International Conference on Grey Literature

Purpose – To report on the 6th International Conference on Grey Literature held December 6 and 7, 2004, at the New York Academy of Medicine in New York City.Design/methodology/approach – A summary of the main points of the conference.Findings – Grey literature has been affected by the trends in the field of information and publishing that include more electronic information, information as a commodity and not as a public good, publishers who want more security for their information, the hypertexualization of information, the lack of infrastructures for the information community, the ability to search information, the currency of information online, and the researchability of digital information.Originality/value – This report is of interest to library and information management professionals and those interested in how grey literature had been transformed in recent years.
Factor XIII: sticking it to platelets

In this issue of Blood , Kasahara et al report that platelet-dependent clot retraction requires factor XIII (FXIII), which covalently associates fibrin polymers with protein located within the platelet plasma membrane at lipid rafts. 1
Solitary Fibrous Tumor Presenting As a Symptomatic Intraspinal Mass: Case Report

Objective and importance Mesenchymal, nonmeningeal tumors of the central and peripheral nervous systems are rare. Specifically, the solitary fibrous tumor, which occurs in both benign and malignant forms, was first described in the pleura and more recently in a number of sites, including the mediastinum, abdomen, upper respiratory tract, nasopharynx, and orbit. It has not, however, previously been known to involve the spine or to induce cord compression. Clinical presentation We describe the case of a 33-year-old man who presented with back pain, progressive myelopathy, and lower extremity dysesthesias. Imaging studies demonstrated an intradural extramedullary mass at T7-T8. Intervention At surgery, the lesion was found to be firm, fibrous, intimately apposed to the T8 sensory nerve root but emanating from neither root nor dura. Histologically, the tumor was composed of spindle cells in a storiform pattern with extensive collagen deposition in the intercellular matrix. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse positive staining of tumor cells for CD34 antigen but negative staining for S100 and EMA, a profile that is consistent with a histopathological diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor and that effectively rules out meningioma and nerve sheath tumor. Conclusion This is the first report of an intraspinal solitary fibrous tumor, a rare entity that should be included in the differential diagnosis of intradural extramedullary spinal neoplasms.
Trickle‐bed reactor performance. Part II. Reaction studies

Dilute solutions (132 ppm) of formic acid in water were oxidized with air in a trickle-bed reactor at 212° to 240°C and 40 atm. Particles 0.291 and 0.0541 cm in diameter, prepared from a commercial CuO · ZnO catalyst, were used to provide a model system for studying water purification by catalytic oxidation. Differential reactor runs were made to measure the global rate of reaction. These data were compared with predicted rates from the known intrinsic kinetics and intraparticle diffusivities, and the mass transfer coefficients measured in Part I. High conversion (of formic acid) data were also obtained in order to test models for trickle-bed reactors. Experimental conversions agreed reasonably well (within 10%) with predicted values based upon intrinsic kinetics and the several transport rates. Axial dispersion was found to be less important than gas-to-liquid mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion. In our laboratory studies (reactor I.D. = 1 in.) careful arrangements were made to obtain nearly uniform distribution of liquid over the reactor cross section. Hence effects of maldistribution, which may be important in large-scale reactors, were minimized.
Defensins in innate immunity

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against many common microorganisms, which can initiate adaptive immune responses to provide increased protection against subsequent re-infection by the same pathogen. As a major family of antimicrobial peptides, defensins are widely expressed in a variety of epithelial cells and sometimes in leukocytes, playing an important role in the innate immune system due to their antimicrobial, chemotactic and regulatory activities. This review introduces their structure, classification, distribution, synthesis, and focuses on their biological activities and mechanisms, as well as clinical relevance. These studies of defensins in the innate immune system have implications for the prevention and treatment of a variety of infectious diseases, including bacterial ocular disease.
FRACTAL GEOMETRY OF RESTRICTED SETS OF CIRCLE INVERSIONS

For intersecting circles, we propose a modification of the limit set generated by inversion in circles. This restricted limit set is always a subset of the discs bounded by the generating circles. We give examples of restricted limit sets and show arrangements of generating circles for which the restricted limit set equals the limit set, and also arrangements for which they differ. In addition, we give a visual presentation, based on Iterated Function Systems, of the excluded strings in the restricted limit set. This leads to a graphical representation of the grammatical complexity of the restricted limit set.
Mutation accumulation and the effect of copia insertions in Drosophila melanogaster.

Summary Repeated efforts to estimate the genomic deleterious mutation rate per generation (U )i nDrosophila melanogaster have yielded inconsistent estimates ranging from 0 . 01 to nearly 1. We carried out a mutation-accumulation experiment with a cryopreserved control population in hopes of resolving some of the uncertainties raised by these estimates. Mutation accumulation (MA) was carried out by brother–sister mating of 150 sublines derived from two inbred lines. Fitness was measured under conditions chosen to mimic the ancestral laboratory environment of these genotypes. We monitored the insertions of a transposable element, copia, that proved to accumulate at the unusually high rate of 0 . 24 per genome per generation in one of our MA lines. Mutational variance in fitness increased at a rate consistent with previous studies, yielding a mutational coefficient of variation greater than 3 %. The performance of the cryopreserved control relative to the MA lines was inconsistent, so estimates of mutation rate by the Bateman–Mukai method are suspect. Taken at face value, these data suggest a modest decline in fitness of about 0 . 3 % per generation. The element number of copia was a significant predictor of fitness within generations ; on average, insertions caused a 0 . 76 % loss
High-speed implementation of an ECC-based wireless authentication protocol on an ARM microprocessor

The results of the implementation of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) over the field GF(p) on an 80 MHz, 32-bit ARM microprocessor are presented. A practical software library has been produced which supports variable length implementation of the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA). The ECDSA and a previously proposed ECC-based wireless authentication protocol are implemented using the library. Timing results show that the 160-bit ECDSA signature generation and verification operations take around 46 ms and 94 ms, respectively. With these timings, the execution of the ECC-based wireless authentication protocol takes around 140 ms on the ARM7TDMI processor, which is a widely used, low-power core processor for wireless applications.
Differences between sub-populations of cultured bovine articular chondrocytes. II. Proteoglycan metabolism.

Sub-populations of bovine articular chondrocytes derived from different depths of the cartilage showed differences in accumulation of proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix in culture. To extend these morphological studies, the synthesis and catabolism of 35S-labeled proteoglycans have been examined in similar cultures. Chondrocytes from deep zones synthesized significantly more proteoglycans than cells from the superficial zone. While all populations of chondrocytes synthesized pre-dominantly aggregating proteoglycans, a higher proportion of isotope was present in non-aggregating proteoglycans in cultures of superficial chondrocytes, by comparison with those of deep cells. Proteoglycans were degraded more rapidly by superficial cells than by chondrocytes from deeper layers. These results correlate both with previous histochemical studies of similar cultures, and with known depth-related variations in biochemical composition of intact articular cartilage.
Diagnosing Brain Impairment

While the brain has long been recognized as the organ of behavior, subserving intelligence, cognition, and emotional responses, specific attempts to elucidate brain-behavior relationships with measurements based on formal psychological testing represent a relatively recent effort. Until recently these efforts have not made great contributions, principally because so many factors over and beyond recognized brain damage are significant determinants of psychological status. As a consequence, it has been difficult to devise an approach and psychological evaluation that would have specific significance with regard to the condition of the human brain. The problems in making progress in this area have related principally to the complexity of human behavior on one hand and the complexity of the pathological conditions that involve the human brain on the other. Finally, procedural requirements in correlating brain and behavioral findings have contributed another problem. (Reitan, 1973)
Human papillomaviruses target the double-stranded RNA protein kinase pathway.

The double-stranded RNA protein kinase (PKR) pathway plays a vital role in the innate immune response to viral infection. Activation of PKR following virus entry can lead to a shutdown in translation, thereby inhibiting viral protein synthesis and replication. Little is currently known about whether human papillomaviruses (HPVs) modulate PKR expression and activity. In this study, normal human foreskin keratinocytes (NHKs) transfected stably with the HPV 31 or 16 genomes and cell lines expressing the HPV 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins were used to examine effects on the PKR pathway. HPV gene products were found to modulate PKR phosphorylation, activity and localization. The levels of total PKR protein were reduced modestly in cells that maintained HPV 16 or 31 episomes through a reduction in PKR transcription. However, levels of phosphorylated PKR were decreased 4-fold through a post-transcriptional mechanism mediated by E6 and E7 that was independent of the transcriptional downregulation mediated by HPV. In response to infection by vesicular stomatitis virus, phosphorylation of eIF2α was blocked in cells expressing HPV oncoproteins, but not in NHKs. Finally, it was observed that the cellular localization of PKR was altered by HPV gene products in HPV raft cultures, as well as HPV-positive patient biopsies. This effect was mediated by the HPV E6 oncoprotein and leads to the co-localization of PKR with P-bodies. These studies demonstrate that high-risk HPVs target the PKR pathway by multiple mechanisms.
Myocardial Force-Velocity Relationships in Clinical Heart Disease

Myocardial force-velocity relationships were studied in 33 children and young people with varying heart lesions. From analysis of left ventricular pressures and consideration of left ventricular geometry, measured from biplane angiocardiograms, maximal contractile element velocity (Vmax) was determined by extrapolation of a stress-velocity plot to zero stress. The value of Vmax in each patient was compared with the assessment of cardiac function by usual hemodynamic criteria (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure [LVEDP], volume [LVEDV], and ejection fraction [EF]). In general, patients with normal LVEDP, LVEDV, and EF had values for Vmax above 3 circumferences/sec. Patients with elevated LVEDP or LVEDV or with EF below 0.5 had lower values for Vmax. Three patients whose usual catheterization data suggested normal ventricular function were found to have low Vmax. In all three, other evidence for myocardial abnormality was found. Several patients with excessive afterloads had impaired function by convent...
Predictive Discomfort in Single- and Combined-Axis Whole-Body Vibration Considering Different Seated Postures:

Objective:The aim of this study was to develop a predictive discomfort model in single-axis, 3-D, and 6-D combined-axis whole-body vibrations of seated occupants considering different postures.Back...
An Evaluation of Server Consolidation Workloads for Multi-Core Designs

While chip multiprocessors with ten or more cores will be feasible within a few years, the search for applications that fully exploit their attributes continues. In the meantime, one sure-fire application for such machines will be to serve as consolidation platforms for sets of workloads that previously occupied multiple discrete systems. Such server consolidation scenarios will simplify system administration and lead to savings in power, cost, and physical infrastructure. This paper studies the behavior of server consolidation workloads, focusing particularly on sharing of caches across a variety of configurations. Noteworthy interactions emerge within a workload, and notably across workloads, when multiple server workloads are scheduled on the same chip. These workloads present an interesting design point and will help designers better evaluate trade-offs as we push forward into the many-core era.
Canonical m-sequences and dual basis generation

An expression for the shift necessary to obtain a canonical m-sequence is obtained in terms of the coefficients of the primitive polynomial that generates this m-sequence. This is also directly related to the shift to obtain the location of the span '100...0' in the m-sequence. In addition it is shown how to recursively obtain the dual basis elements of the basis expressing GF(q/sup m/) over GF(q). >
Jazz Melody Generation from Recurrent Network Learning of Several Human Melodies.

Recurrent (neural) networks have been deployed as models for learning musical processes, by computational scientists who study processes such as dynamic systems. Over time, more intricate music has been learned as the state of the art in recurrent networks improves. One particular recurrent network, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network shows promise as a module that can learn long songs, and generate new songs. We are experimenting with using two LSTM modules to cooperatively learn several human melodies, based on the songs’ harmonic structures, and the feedback inherent in the network. We show that these networks can learn to reproduce four human melodies. We then introduce two harmonizations, constructed by us, that are given to the learned networks. i.e. we supply a reharmonization of the song structure, so as to generate new songs. We describe the reharmonizations, and show the new melodies that result. We also use a different harmonic structure from an existing jazz song not in the training set, to generate a new melody.
Compact High-Power THz Source Development

A compact, affordable THz source to provide high power is under development. The prototype is designed to operate around 600 GHz with reasonable gain and efficiency. The goal of the present project is development of a tunable THz source, based on the ubitron concept, utilizing an RF gun with an electron beam energy less than 2 MeV. This configuration results in a cost-effective, compact system capable of generating flexible, high-power THz radiation. Our simulations projected the source deliver THz radiation with 10s of watts of output power.
Rape co-occurrence: Do additional crimes affect victim reporting and police clearance of rape?

Despite the increased research attention given to rape and violence against women, little is known about rape co-occurrence, or rape incidents that involve another crime. Although previous research has found certain incident characteristics increase the likelihood that a victim reports her rape to police and that the offender is arrested and prosecuted, the relationship between co-occurrence and these responses is unknown. Given this gap in the literature, the main goal of the present research is to provide an initial understanding of rape co-occurrence and its effect on victim reporting and police clearance. To explore these issues, this study uses two national data sources that collect the requisite incident-level information: the National Crime Victimization Survey and the Uniform Crime Reporting Program’s National Incident-Based Reporting System. Few rapes are found to co-occur with other crimes. When rapes do occur with other crimes, though, they are more likely than solo-occurring rapes to involve weapons, strangers, additional injury to the victim, and multiple offenders. Rapes that co-occur also are more likely to be reported to police and cleared by police than rapes that occur with no other crimes.
Association of Hemodynamic Profiles With Wait-List Mortality in Children Listed for Heart Transplantation With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

The prognostic significance of intracardiac hemodynamics in children with advanced heart failure is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe hemodynamic profiles in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) listed for heart transplant (HT) and to assess their association with wait-list mortality. We identified all US children 2.2 L/min/m 2 (warm) and PCWP >18 mm Hg (wet) were used to define 4 hemodynamic profiles: warm-dry, warm-wet, cold-dry, and cold-wet. The primary end point was death on the wait-list or becoming too sick to transplant. Of 476 children analyzed, 248 (52%) children had PCWP >18 mm Hg and 300 (63%) had CIx >2.2 L/min/m 2 . Overall, 36% children were warm-dry, 27% were warm-wet, 12% were cold-dry, and 25% were cold-wet; 32 (6.7%) children reached the primary end point. In adjusted analysis, cold-dry (hazard ratio [HR] 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 11.5) and cold-wet (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.2, 8.6) children were at higher risk of wait-list death versus warm-dry children, whereas warm-wet children were not (HR 2.3, 95% CI 0.8, 6.6). All groups were equally likely to receive HT and had similar 1-year post-transplant survival. In conclusion, in children with IDC listed for HT, those with low cardiac output at evaluation are at higher risk of wait-list mortality. Defining hemodynamic profiles may improve risk stratification of children with IDC listed for HT.
Evaluation of a Model to Predict Poor Survival in Patients Undergoing Elective TIPS Procedures

PURPOSE To validate a previously published model to predict the probability of patient death within 3 months after an elective transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. The model is implemented with use of a nomogram or a formula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who underwent an elective TIPS procedure between May 1, 1999, and May 1, 2001, were selected. Patients who underwent emergency TIPS creation and patients with serum creatinine levels greater than 3.0 mg/dL were excluded. A total of 72 patients met the inclusion criteria. The patients were divided into two groups: group A (ethanol-induced cirrhosis; n = 23) and group B (non–ethanol-induced cirrhosis; n = 49). The model was applied and the predicted probability of death was compared to actual patient survival. A high risk score (R > 1.8) is associated with a high risk of death within 3 months after TIPS creation. Survival curves were estimated with use of Kaplan-Meier product limit estimates and were compared with use of the log-rank test. The model's accuracy was evaluated with use of the c-statistic. P values lower than .05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS The technical success rate was 98.7%. The 3-month survival rate for the whole group was 79.7%. The predicted mortality rate was higher than the observed mortality rate. The c-statistic was 0.65 for the formula and 0.66 for the nomogram. Patients with a risk score of at least 1.8 had a 3-month survival rate of 54.6% and patients with a risk score lower than 1.8 had a 3-month survival rate of 84.9% ( P = .037). CONCLUSION These results confirm that, after an elective TIPS procedure, patients with risk scores of at least 1.8 have a significantly lower 3-month survival rate than patients with risk scores lower than 1.8.
Statistical Blockade: Very Fast Statistical Simulation and Modeling of Rare Circuit Events and Its Application to Memory Design

Circuit reliability under random parametric variation is an area of growing concern. For highly replicated circuits, e.g., static random access memories (SRAMs), a rare statistical event for one circuit may induce a not-so-rare system failure. Existing techniques perform poorly when tasked to generate both efficient sampling and sound statistics for these rare events. Statistical blockade is a novel Monte Carlo technique that allows us to efficiently filter-to block-unwanted samples that are insufficiently rare in the tail distributions we seek. The method synthesizes ideas from data mining and extreme value theory and, for the challenging application of SRAM yield analysis, shows speedups of 10 - 100 times over standard Monte Carlo.
Synthesis and binding affinity of novel mono- and bivalent morphinan ligands for κ, μ, and δ opioid receptors.

Abstract A novel series of homo- and heterodimeric ligands containing κ/μ agonist and μ agonist/antagonist pharmacophores joined by a 10-carbon ester linker chain were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro binding affinity at κ, μ, and δ opioid receptors, and their functional activities were determined at κ and μ receptors in [35S]GTPγS functional assays. Most of these compounds had high binding affinity at μ and κ receptors (Ki values less than 1 nM). Compound 15b, which contains butorphan (1) at one end of linking chain and butorphanol (5) at the other end, was the most potent ligand in this series with binding affinity Ki values of 0.089 nM at the μ receptor and 0.073 nM at the κ receptor. All of the morphinan-derived ligands were found to be partial κ and μ agonists; ATPM-derived ligands 12 and 11 were found to be full κ agonists and partial μ agonists.
Nonthyroidal illness syndrome or euthyroid sick syndrome

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) and to discuss various underlying potential biochemical mechanisms for this condition. Methods The pertinent medical literature was reviewed, and studies of thyroid function in systemic non-thyroidal illnesses were summarized. Results Abnormalities of thyroid function in the NTIS have been classified into four major categories: ( 1 ) low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome, ( 2 ) a combination of low T3 and low thyroxine (T4), ( 3 ) high T4 syndrome, and ( 4 ) other abnormalities. The NTIS has been noted in essentially all severe systemic illnesses and after caloric deprivation, major operations, and administration of some drugs. Some mechanisms that may contribute to low serum T3 in the NTIS are decreased type I 5′-monodeiodinase in tissues, decreased uptake of T4 by tissues, decreased serum binding, increased reverse T3, alterations in selenium status, cytokines, and a decrease in thyrotropin. Decreased thyrotropin may also contribute to low T4 levels in NTIS, as may decreased serum T4-binding proteins, abnormalities in T4-binding globulin, and circulating inhibitors of binding of T4 to serum proteins. Although T4 treatment of patients with NTIS has yielded little improvement, administration of T3 has produced some beneficial effects. Conclusion Further studies should be conducted to determine appropriate patient populations, dose-response ratios, and possible adverse effects of treatment of the NTIS with T3. (Endocr Pract. 1996; 2:45-52)
Neuropeptide Y receptor binding sites in rat brain: differential autoradiographic localizations with 125I-peptide YY and 125I- neuropeptide Y imply receptor heterogeneity

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor binding sites have been localized in the rat brain by in vitro autoradiography using picomolar concentrations of both 125I-NPY and 125I-peptide YY (PYY) and new evidence provided for differentially localized receptor subtypes. Equilibrium binding studies using membranes indicate that rat brain contains a small population of high-affinity binding sites and a large population of moderate-affinity binding sites. 125I-PYY (10 pM) is selective for high-affinity binding sites (KD = 23 pM), whereas 10 pM 125I-NPY labels both high- and moderate-affinity sites (KD = 54 pM and 920 pM). The peptide specificity and affinity of these ligands in autoradiographic experiments match those seen in homogenates. Binding sites for 125I-PYY are most concentrated in the lateral septum, stratum oriens, and radiatum of the hippocampus, amygdala, piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, several thalamic nuclei, including the reuniens and lateral posterior nuclei, and substantia nigra, pars compacta, and pars lateralis. In the brain stem, 125I-PYY sites are densest in a variety of nuclei on the floor of the fourth ventricle, including the pontine central grey, the supragenual nucleus, and the area postrema. 125I-NPY binding sites are found in similar areas, but relative levels of NPY binding and PYY binding differ regionally, suggesting differences in sites labeled by the two ligands. These receptor localizations resemble the distribution of endogenous NPY in some areas, but others, such as the hypothalamus, contain NPY immunoreactivity but few binding sites.
Novel Nonantibiotic Therapies for Pneumonia: Cytokines and Host Defense

Effective host defense against bacterial infection is dependent on the activation and recruitment of phagocytic cells. The initiation, maintenance, and resolution of this inflammatory response in the setting of bacterial pneumonia is dependent on the expression of cytokines. As the complexities of the host-pathogen interaction are further dissected and unraveled, immunologic manipulation of cytokine expression will likely become an important adjuvant therapy in the treatment of serious lung infections.
Similarities and differences in structure, expression, and functions of VLDLR and ApoER2

Very Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (VLDLR) and Apolipoprotein E Receptor 2 (ApoER2) are important receptors in the brain for mediating the signaling effects of the extracellular matrix protein Reelin, affecting neuronal function in development and in the adult brain. VLDLR and ApoER2 are members of the low density lipoprotein family, which also mediates the effects of numerous other extracellular ligands, including apolipoprotein E. Although VLDLR and ApoER2 are highly homologous, they differ in a number of ways, including structural differences, expression patterns, alternative splicing, and binding of extracellular and intracellular proteins. This review aims to summarize important aspects of VLDLR and ApoER2 that may account for interesting recent findings that highlight the unique functions of each receptor.
Archival stability of IBM 3480/3490 cartridge tapes

The IBM 3480/3490 cartridge tape established a new format for digital data recording. Increased data rate and capacity compared to reel-to-reel digital tape technology was achieved along with a considerable reduction in the size and cost. Methods for the archival storage of magnetic tapes are discussed. The importance of proper binder selection to minimize chemical-degradation-induced deterioration of tape performance is reviewed briefly. In addition, the mechanical attributes of a magnetic coating required to minimize the friction, distortion, and detrimental effects of stress relaxation during long periods of storage are described. The importance of acquiring a detailed knowledge of the operable mechanisms that impact tape performance and the relevance of accelerated aging studies is emphasized. The design features of the 3480/3490 magnetic tape subsystems that improve its toleration of tape deficiencies are discussed. The mechanisms of failure to which these tape subsystems are ultimately vulnerable are then used to recommend procedures and conditions for optimum storage of recorded tape cartridges. >
Multi-layered network survivability-models, analysis, architecture, framework and implementation: an overview

A major attack can significantly reduce the capability to deliver services in large-scale networked information systems. In this project, we have addressed the survivability of large scale heterogeneous information systems which consist of various services provided over multiple interconnected networks with different technologies. The communications network portions of such systems are referred to as multi-networks. We specifically address the issue of survivability due to physical attacks that destroy links and nodes in multi-networks. The end goal is to support critical services in the face of a major attack by making optimum use of network resources while minimizing network congestion. This is an area which is little studied, especially for large-scale heterogeneous systems. In this paper we present an overview of our contributions in this area.
RADIATIVE BEHAVIOUR OF A SHOCK-HEATED ARGON PLASMA FLOW.

Experimental and theoretical studies were made of the decrease in the degree of ionization of shock-heated agron resulting from radiative emission. the studies were based on measurment of the time history of the electron density by means of optical interferometry used in conjunction with a rotating mirror camera. These measurments apply to the quasi-euilibrium region which follows the short electronic relaxation zone behind strong shocks. Loss of energy by rediation led to cooling of the gas as evidenced by the decreasing electron density. The analytical studies were based on the assumption that the dense plasma readiated throught both continuu, emission and emission from spectral lines. Comparison was made with experimental results, and theory and experiment were in good agreement, for a realistic choice of the parameters contained in the continuum theory. The analysis indicated that line radiation losses could not be disregarded. Sizeable loss resulted from lower level bound-bound transitions even though these lines experienced absorption.
Uterine fibroids at routine second-trimester ultrasound survey and risk of sonographic short cervix

AbstractObjective: To determine whether women with sonographically identified uterine fibroids are at higher risk for a short cervix.Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated all women with singleton gestations who had a routine second-trimester ultrasound at 17–23 weeks gestational age from 2010 to 2013. When fibroids were noted, their presence, number, location and size were recorded. Exclusion criteria included a history of cervical conization or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), uterine anomalies, maternal age greater than 40 years, and a previously placed cerclage. The primary variable of interest was short cervix (<25 mm). Secondary variables of interest included gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, indication for cesarean, malpresentation, birth weight, and Apgar scores. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.Results: Fibroids were identified in 522/10 314 patients (5.1%). In the final multivariable logistic regression model, short cervix was inc...
Quantitative Studies on Purine Excretion in the Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella

In mature larvae of Galleria mellonella (L.), the partitioning of haemolymph purine nitrogen and of excretory purine nitrogen was found almost the same in the 2 media, with about 75% of the purine nitrogen present as uric acid, 7% as hypoxanthine, and 18% as xanthine. The purine nitrogen partition pattern in excreta was constant throughout larval life, but in the pupal meconium and in excreta from adults more than 90% was present as uric acid. Feeding larvae on diets containing 5%–30% casein as a protein source caused no significant changes in purine nitrogen excretion or partitioning. Diets containing 50% or more casein caused increased purine nitrogen excretion and a shift in partitioning toward greater percentages of hypoxanthine and xanthine. A similar effect was shown when larvae fed on diets containing 5.7% cysteine, but not when diets contained alanine or histidine. A possible relationship between purine nitrogen partitioning and water conservation during development of Galleria is discussed.
Varicella-Zoster Virus Activates CREB, and Inhibition of the pCREB-p300/CBP Interaction Inhibits Viral Replication In Vitro and Skin Pathogenesis In Vivo.

UNLABELLED Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes varicella upon primary infection and zoster upon reactivation from latency in sensory ganglion neurons. The replication of herpesviruses requires manipulation of cell signaling pathways. Notably, CREB, a factor involved in the regulation of several cellular processes, is activated upon infection of T cells with VZV. Here, we report that VZV infection also induced CREB phosphorylation in fibroblasts and that XX-650-23, a newly identified inhibitor of the phosphorylated-CREB (pCREB) interaction with p300/CBP, restricted cell-cell spread of VZV in vitro CREB phosphorylation did not require the viral open reading frame 47 (ORF47) and ORF66 kinases encoded by VZV. Evaluating the biological relevance of these observations during VZV infection of human skin xenografts in the SCID mouse model of VZV pathogenesis showed both that pCREB was upregulated in infected skin and that treatment with XX-650-23 reduced infectious-virus production and limited lesion formation compared to treatment with a vehicle control. Thus, processes of CREB activation and p300/CBP binding are important for VZV skin infection and may be targeted for antiviral drug development. IMPORTANCE Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a common pathogen that causes chicken pox and shingles. As with all herpesviruses, the infection is acquired for life, and the virus can periodically reactivate from latency. Although VZV infection is usually benign with few or no deleterious consequences, infection can be life threatening in immunocompromised patients. Otherwise healthy elderly individuals who develop zoster as a consequence of viral reactivation are at risk for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a painful and long-lasting complication. Current vaccines use a live attenuated virus that is usually safe but cannot be given to many immunodeficient patients and retains the capacity to establish latency and reactivate, causing zoster. Antiviral drugs are effective against severe VZV infections but have little impact on PHN. A better understanding of virus-host cell interactions is relevant for developing improved therapies to safely interfere with cellular processes that are crucial for VZV pathogenesis.
NONCOMPACT GROUPS OF HERMITIAN SYMMETRIC TYPE AND FACTORIZATION

We investigate Birkhoff (or triangular) factorization and (what we propose to call) root subgroup factorization for elements of a noncompact simple Lie group G0 of Hermitian symmetric type. For compact groups root subgroup factorization is related to Bott–Samelson desingularization, and many striking applications have been discovered by Lu ([5]). In this paper, in the noncompact Hermitian symmetric case, we obtain parallel characterizations of the Birkhoff components of G0 and an analogous construction of root subgroup coordinates for the Birkhoff components. As in the compact case, we show that the restriction of Haar measure to the top Birkhoff component is a product measure in root subgroup coordinates.
Classical limits of quantum toroidal and affine Yangian algebras

Abstract In this short article, we compute the classical limits of the quantum toroidal and affine Yangian algebras of sl n by generalizing our arguments for gl 1 from [7] (an alternative proof for n > 2 is given in [10] ). We also discuss some consequences of these results.
Allogeneic Blood or Marrow Transplantation with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide as Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in Multiple Myeloma

Abstract Allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (alloBMT) may lead to long-term disease control in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, historically, the use of alloBMT in MM has been limited by its high nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rates, primarily from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We previously demonstrated that post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) decreases the toxicities of both acute and chronic GVHD after alloBMT. Here, we examine the impact of PTCy in patients with MM undergoing alloBMT at Johns Hopkins Hospital. From 2003 to 2011, 39 patients with MM underwent bone marrow or peripheral blood alloBMT from HLA-matched related/unrelated or haploidentical related donors after either myeloablative or nonmyeloablative conditioning. Post-transplantation GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) on days +3 and +4 with or without mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus. Engraftment was detected in 95% of patients, with neutrophil and platelet recovery at a median of 15 and 16 days, respectively. The cumulative incidences of acute grades 2 to 4 and grades 3 and 4 GVHD were .41 and .08, respectively, and no cases of grade 4 acute GVHD were observed. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was .13. One patient succumbed to NRM. All cases of chronic GVHD involved extensive disease and 60% of these patients received systemic therapy with complete resolution. After alloBMT, the overall response rate was 62% with complete, very good partial, and partial response rates of 26%, 21%, and 15%, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 12 months and was associated with the depth of response but not cytogenetic risk. The estimated cumulative incidence of relapse was .46 (95% confidence interval [CI], .3 to .62) at 1 year and .56 (95% CI, .41 to .72) at 2 years. At last follow-up, 23% of patients remain without evidence of disease at a median follow-up of 10.3 years after alloBMT. The median overall survival was 4.4 years and the 5-year and 10-year overall survival probabilities were 49% (95% CI, 35% to 67%) and 43% (95% CI, 29% to 62%), respectively. The use of PTCy after alloBMT for MM is feasible and results in low NRM and GVHD rates. The safety of this approach may allow the development of novel post-transplantation maintenance strategies to improve long-term disease control.
Subordinating sound to screen: television music supervision in an imagocentric world

AbstractThis article combines a sound studies perspective with a television industry approach by placing interview data from prominent television music supervisors in conversation with textual analysis of their projects. Using interview and textual data from cathartic moments in television dramas like Six Feet Under, Nip/Tuck, and Breaking Bad, I argue that the structural logics of subordination in the American television industry contribute to an imagocentric culture. Specifically, the music supervisors I interviewed emphasised music’s separation from and subordination to television’s storytelling function and believed that artful music design should use music as a “flavour” or “texture”, offering synaesthesia as a way of bypassing the discussion of sound as a constitutive element in the narrative resolution. Finally, the supervisors foregrounded financial constraints as a primary influence on their creative labour, using licensing discussions to decentralise the creative contributions of music in the te...
Robust distributed volt/var control of distribution systems

Volt/var control (VVC) is essential to achieve a reliable and efficient operation of modern and future distribution systems with high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs). In real time operation, uncertainties cause by variations of loads and fluctuations of other system components may result in a deviation from the desired voltage profile. In this paper, we propose a robust distributed control framework to formally address these uncertainties. The objective of the proposed controller is to optimize the closed-loop performance with stability guarantee while optimally rejecting disturbances arising from uncertain loads and DERs. In the proposed scheme, the structural constraint due to the underlying communication network makes the controller synthesis problem nonconvex and hence difficult to solve in general. An effective convex approximation is proposed for any communication structure to address this issue. Case studies are presented to illustrate the contribution of the proposed robust distributed VVC control scheme.
The Response of Soilless Grown ‘Michele Palieri’ ( Vitis vinifera L.) Grapevine Cultivar to Deficit Irrigation Under the Effects of Different Rootstocks

Global warming, altering the physiology and irrigation demand of grapevines, has already been perceived in certain premium viticulture regions across the world. Selection of proper rootstocks for especially new cultivars has vital role for a sustainable viticulture under water-deficit conditions. The grapevine cultivar ‘Michele Palieri’ has been finding a good reception on the global markets. The objective of this study was to determine the response of ‘Michele Palieri’ cultivar to deficit irrigation using different rootstocks with distinct genetic origins. Two irrigation regimes (Full Irrigation [FI] and Deficit Irrigation [DI]) were applied to the vines of different grafting combinations of ‘Michele Palieri’ with Kober 5 BB, Richter 99, Richter 110, 140 Ruggeri, 44–53 Malegue or grown on own roots. Two years old vines were cultivated in 60 L pots containing sterile peat under controlled glasshouse conditions. Irrigations were regulated according to soil water matric potential (Ψm) levels using tensiometers. The volume of the irrigation water that has to be applied to attain 100% field capacity was performed as FI, while 50% of FI was considered as DI. The water was transported directly into the pots by micro-irrigation systems consisting of individual spaghetti tubes. The vines of DI treatment showed visible symptoms of mild water stress (e. g., loss of turgor in shoot tips), but no defoliation or leaf necrosis occurred. DI treatment reduced the gs of ‘Michele Palieri’ scion cultivar in varying levels depending on the rootstock. DI treatment also affected vegetative growth of the scion cultivar in different levels. For example, the greatest decrease (26.7%) in shoot length resulting from DI was determined in ‘Michele Palieri’/5 BB grapevines, followed by own rooted vines (13.1%), while the lowest change (2.4%) was found in vines grafted on 110 R. Overall findings of this study imply that the rootstocks originating from V. berlandiery × V. rupestris hybrids (110 R, 99 R, 140 Ru and 44–53 M) better performed in a similar genetic aptitude under deficit irrigation regime while the rootstock 5 BB (V. berlandiery × V. rupestris) showed more susceptible responses. On the other hand, the general response of own rooted vines were better than those grafted on 5 BB. Therefore, the use of one of V. berlandiery × V. rupestris hybrids may be a better choice for viticulture under semiarid regions.
Techniques for Permanent Transvenous Pacemaker Implantation: Personal Preferences

Every experienced surgeon eventually develops unique techniques that, in his hands, facilitate the operation. I have outlined a number of my own methods that are designed, in general, to enhance pacing reliability and avoid reoperation, and to simplify reoperations should they become necessary. These methods may prove useful to others.
Replacement Behaviors: A Strategy for Teaching Social Skills to Children with Behavior Problems:

Children with behavior problems are frustrating to teachers. Most programs for controlling behavior focus on reducing or eliminating behaviors. Instead, teaching appropriate behaviors can become pa...