cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY, MULTILOCUS HAPLOTYPE NOMENCLATURE, AND IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL RESISTANCE WITHIN THE FUSARIUM SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX

Members of the species-rich Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are responsible for approximately two-thirds all fusarioses of humans and other animals. In addition, many economically important phytopathogenic species are nested within this complex. Due to their increasing clinical relevance and because most of the human pathogenic and plant pathogenic FSSC lack Latin binomials, we have extended the multilocus haplotype nomenclatural system introduced in a previous study (D. C. Chang, G. B. Grant, K. O9Donnell, K. A. Wannemuehler, J. Noble-Wang, C. Y. Rao, L. M. Jacobson, C. S. Crowell, R. S. Sneed, F. M. T. Lewis, J. K. Schaffzin, M. A. Kainer, C. A. Genese, E. C. Alfonso, D. B. Jones, A. Srinivasan, S. K. Fridkin, and B. J. Park, JAMA 296:953-963, 2006) to all 34 species within the medically important FSSC clade 3 to facilitate global epidemiological studies. The typing scheme is based on polymorphisms in portions of the following three genes: the internal transcribed spacer region and domains D1 plus D2 of the nuclear large-subunit rRNA, the translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene ( EF - 1 α), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene ( RPB2 ). Of the 251 isolates subjected to multilocus DNA sequence typing, 191 sequence types were differentiated, and these were distributed among three strongly supported clades designated 1, 2, and 3. All of the mycosis-associated isolates were restricted to FSSC clade 3, as previously reported (N. Zhang, K. O9Donnell, D. A. Sutton, F. A Nalim, R. C. Summerbell, A. A. Padhye, and D. M. Geiser, J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:2186-2190, 2006), and these represent at least 20 phylogenetically distinct species. Analyses of the combined DNA sequence data by use of two separate phylogenetic methods yielded the most robust hypothesis of evolutionary relationships and genetic diversity within the FSSC to date. The in vitro activities of 10 antifungals tested against 19 isolates representing 18 species that span the breadth of the FSSC phylogeny show that members of this complex are broadly resistant to these drugs.
Storage of CO2 in saline aquifers: Effects of gravity, viscous, and capillary forces on amount and timing of trapping

CO2 can be effectively immobilized during CO2 injection into saline aquifers by residual trapping – also known as capillary trapping – a process resulting from capillary snap-off of isolated CO2 bubbles. Simulations of CO2 injection were performed to investigate the interplay of viscous and gravity forces and capillary trapping of CO2. Results of those simulations show that gas injection processes in which gravitational forces are weak compared to viscous forces (low gravity number Ngv) trap significantly more CO2 than do flows with strong gravitational forces relative to the viscous forces (high Ngv). The results also indicate that over a wide range of gravity numbers (Ngv), significant fractions of the trapping of CO2 can occur relatively quickly. The amount of CO2 that is trapped after injection ceases is demonstrated to correlate with Ngv. For some simulated displacements, effects of capillary pressure and aquifer dip angle on the amount and the rate of trapping are reported. Trapping increases when effects of capillary pressure and aquifer inclination are included in the model. Finally we show that injection schemes such as alternating injection of brine and CO2 or brine injection after CO2 injection can also enhance the trapping behavior.
Code bubbles: rethinking the user interface paradigm of integrated development environments

Today's integrated development environments (IDEs) are hampered by their dependence on files and file-based editing. We propose a novel user interface that is based on collections of lightweight editable fragments, called bubbles, which when grouped together form concurrently visible working sets. In this paper we describe the design of a prototype IDE user interface for Java based on working sets. A quantitative evaluation shows that developers could expect to view a sizeable number of functions concurrently with relatively few UI operations. A qualitative user evaluation with 23 professional developers indicates a high level of excitement, interest, and potential benefits and uses.
In silico, experimental, mechanistic model for extended-release felodipine disposition exhibiting complex absorption and a highly variable food interaction.

The objective of this study was to develop and explore new, in silico experimental methods for deciphering complex, highly variable absorption and food interaction pharmacokinetics observed for a modified-release drug product. Toward that aim, we constructed an executable software analog of study participants to whom product was administered orally. The analog is an object- and agent-oriented, discrete event system, which consists of grid spaces and event mechanisms that map abstractly to different physiological features and processes. Analog mechanisms were made sufficiently complicated to achieve prespecified similarity criteria. An equation-based gastrointestinal transit model with nonlinear mixed effects analysis provided a standard for comparison. Subject-specific parameterizations enabled each executed analog’s plasma profile to mimic features of the corresponding six individual pairs of subject plasma profiles. All achieved prespecified, quantitative similarity criteria, and outperformed the gastrointestinal transit model estimations. We observed important subject-specific interactions within the simulation and mechanistic differences between the two models. We hypothesize that mechanisms, events, and their causes occurring during simulations had counterparts within the food interaction study: they are working, evolvable, concrete theories of dynamic interactions occurring within individual subjects. The approach presented provides new, experimental strategies for unraveling the mechanistic basis of complex pharmacological interactions and observed variability.
Trypanosoma brucei MRE11 is non-essential but influences growth, homologous recombination and DNA double-strand break repair ☆

MRE11 is a conserved multi-functional protein that is important for maintaining genomic integrity in yeast and mammalian cells. By database searching, we identified a full-length candidate MRE11 on Trypanosoma brucei chromosome II. We subsequently cloned and sequenced the corresponding gene from the Lister 427 strain. MRE11 is a single copy gene that encodes an 83 kDa protein of 763 amino acids. GFP-MRE11 and Ty1-MRE11 fusion proteins localized to the nucleus of bloodstream and procyclic T. brucei. Interestingly, Ty1-MRE11 associated, to some extent, with telomeres of procyclic but not bloodstream forms. This association appears cell-cycle dependent, with the highest co-localization in G1 cells. We were able to generate an MRE11 null mutant in bloodstream forms, indicating that it is non-essential. However, the null mutant was impaired in homologous recombination, as evidenced by the reduced integration efficiency of transfected DNA. A conditional null mutant, containing a tetracycline-inducible ectopic Ty1-MRE11, exhibited reduced growth and plating efficiency and increased sensitivity to DNA double-strand breaks, induced by methyl methanesulphonate or ionizing radiation, in the absence of tetracycline.
Outcomes and Management Considerations in Patients on Dialysis Undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy for Renal-Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the perioperative outcomes and management considerations in patients with dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: There were 224 consecutive laparoscopic radical nephrectomies reviewed. Of those, 37 patients with ESRD were identified and compared with 187 patients with sporadic RCC. Evaluable parameters included age, sex, race, side of surgery, medical comorbidities, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) scoring, and age adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index. All complications occurring intraoperatively and within the first 30 days were classified as per the Clavien classification system. Presurgical workup and transplant considerations were evaluated. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared using Student t tests and chi-square tests for categoric variables. Results: Compared with non-ESRD patients, those with ESRD were younger and had smaller tumor...
Thin-coating contact mechanics with adhesion

An elementary theory for a rigid spherical indenter contacting a thin, linear elastic coating that is bonded to a rigid substrate was developed. This theory predicts that contact area varies as the square root of the compressive load in contrast to Hertz theory where contact area varies as the two-thirds power of the compressive load. Finite element analysis confirmed an approximate square root dependence of contact area on compressive load when the coating thickness-to-indenter radius ratio is less than 0.1 and when the coating Poisson’s ratio is less than 0.45. Thin-coating contact mechanics theories that use either the Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT) approximation or the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) approximation were also developed. In addition, a finite element simulation capability that includes adhesion was developed and verified. Illustrative finite element simulations that include adhesion were then performed for a thin elastic coating (rigid indenter/substrate). Results were compared with the thin-coating contact theories and the transition from DMT-like to JKR-like response was examined.
Absolute configuration and biosynthesis of pahayokolide A from Lyngbya sp. Strain 15-2 of the Florida Everglades

OF THE DISSERTATION ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF PAHAYOKOLIDE A FROM LYNGBYA SP. STRAIN 15-2 OF THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES by Li Liu Florida International University, 2009 Miami, Florida Professor Kathleen S. Rein, Major Professor Pahayokolides A-D are cytotoxic cyclic polypeptides produced by the freshwater cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. strain 15-2 that possess an unusual -amino acid, 3-amino2,5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-10-methylundecanoic acid (Athmu). The absolute configuration of pahayokolides A-D was determined using advanced Marfey’s method. It was also confirmed that a pendant N-acetyl-N-methyl leucine moiety in pahayokolide A was absent in pahayokolides B and pahayokolides C-D were conformers of pahayokolide A. Feeding experiments indicated that the biosynthesis of the Athmu sidechain arises from leucine or α-ketoisovalerate, however could not be further extended by three rounds of condensation with malonate units. Putative four peptide and one unique polyketide synthetases in Lyngbya sp. strain 15-2 were identified by using a PCR method and degenerate primers derived from conserved core sequences of known NRPSs and PKSs. Identification of one unique KS domain conflicted with the logic rule that the long side chain of Athmu was assembled by three rounds of ketide extensions if PKSs were involved. A gene cluster (pah) encoding a peptide synthetase putatively producing pahayokolide was cloned, partially sequenced and characterized. Seven modules of the
Analysis of Thermal Stress and Its Influence on Carrier Mobility in Three-Dimensional Microelectronic Chip Stack

A numerical assessment on the thermal stress in a three-dimensional (3D) microelectronic package structure is performed. The objectives are to study how the chip stack/microbump assembly responds to thermal mismatch induced deformation, and its influences on the electrical performance of devices. The 3D finite element model features a copper through-silicon-via (TSV)/microbump bonding structure connecting two adjacent silicon chips, with and without an underfill layer in between. A case that the entire solder layer has been transformed into an intermetallic layer is also considered. Potential for damage initiation is examined by the measure of stress and strain patterns. It was found that the part of TSV well inside the silicon chip is under high triaxial tensile stresses after thermal cooling, and plastic deformation in copper occurs in and around the microbump regions. The existence of underfill increases plastic strains in the solder joint. The underfill also leads to a significant change in local stress field when the soft solder is transformed entirely into an intermetallic layer. The carrier mobility for the p- and n-type devices is influenced by the stresses in silicon near the TSV; the sizes of “keep-out zone” for the various model configurations are also quantified.
Assessing landslide potential using GIS, soil wetness modeling and topographic attributes, Payette River, Idaho

This study utilizes GIS modeling to determine if the location of 559 landslides in the 875 km2 catchment of the Middle Fork of the Payette River, Idaho can be predicted based on topographic attributes and a wetness index generated by the DYNWET model. Slope and elevation were significantly related to landslide occurrence at this landscape scale. Aspect was also retained as a variable for further analysis because, despite a non-significant chi-square relation to landslide occurrence, graphical analysis suggested a relation between aspect and mass wasting. Chi-square analysis indicated that plan and profile curvature, flow path length, upslope contributing area, and the DYNWET-based moisture index were not significantly related to landsliding. A Bayesian probability model based on combinations of elevation, slope, aspect, and wetness indicates that elevation exhibits the closest relation to landsliding, followed by slope; but that neither aspect nor wetness index values help in prediction. The Bayesian probability model using elevation and slope generates a map of relative landslide risk that can be used to direct activities away from mass wasting prone areas. The association between elevation and landslides is perplexing but is perhaps due to the location of logging road at specific elevations (roads could not be included in the input data for analysis because they have not been adequately mapped). The lack of explanation provided by the DYNWET wetness index was also surprising and may be due to the 30-m digital elevation model (DEM) and the soils data having resolutions too coarse to adequately portray local variations key to mass wasting. We believe the inadequacy of data to drive the models is typical of the majority of catchment scale setting. For now, the ability of researchers to effectively model landscape scale landsliding is more limited by the type, resolution, and quality of available data than by the quality of the landslide models.
Modifications à la psychothérapie focalisée sur le transfert (PFT) pour le traitement des adolescents avec une identité diffuse

This paper is an introduction to a treatment for adolescents with identity diffusion that has been modified from a therapy that has been found to be effective in the treatment of adults with significant identity diffusion, namely, Transference Focused Psychotherapy. The central role of differentiating normal Identity Crisis from Identity Diffusion in adolescents, essential to accurately identifying those adolescents appropriate for this treatment, is articulated. The primary modifications of TFP for adolescent treatment described involve changes in frequency and duration of some of the specific techniques (e.g. increased clarification ; more work in the extra-transferential relationships before directly addressing the transference), tactics (e.g. inclusion of family during the assessment phase and treatment contract setting phases of treatment; inclusion of supportive interventions in the environment while maintaining the analytic stance in sessions), and strategies (e.g. the goal of removing blockages to the development of normal identity integration, not "forced maturation"). This treatment aims to improve adolescent's relationships with friends, parents, and teachers; help clarify life goals ; acquire positive self-esteem; and be better prepared for entering love relation ships.
The physical origins of low surface tensions

The minimum surface tension and respreadability of a surfactant monolayer is limited by a two to three dimensional instability called collapse. Liquid-condensed or solid phase monolayers collapse via fracture followed by loss of material. Liquid-expanded monolayers collapse by solubilization into the subphase. Monolayers that retain a continuous LE phase network surrounding islands of LC or S phase collapse at lower surface tensions via a localized, large amplitude buckling. The buckled regions coexist with the flat monolayer, remain attached to the interface and are reversibly reincorporated into the monolayer upon expansion. Synthetic replacement surfactants must be designed to reproduce this unique phase behavior for optimal function.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Substrates for Rat H Epatocyte Culture

Lactose and heparin were covalently coupled to poly(chloromethyl styrene) and the modified polymer was used as a substrate for rat hepatocyte culture. Lactose and heparin are recognized by rat hepatocytes and can be used to mediate cell attachment to the substrate. Rat hepatocytes cultured in serum-free media on these substrates were able to maintain enzymes and peptides important in the detoxification functions of hepatocytes, without the addition of hormones such as dexamethasone, media additives such as DMSO, or complex biological extracellular factors. The growing interest in large-scale cell culture and in tissue engineering requires substrates of different geometries. Therefore, we have fabricated the derivatized polymers into microcarriers and, most recently, foams. These three-dimensional structures, combined with the chemistries of the polymers, provided the hepatocytes with more cell-cell interactions and in vivo -like geometries than conventional flat-dish culture.
Asian Land Acquisitions in Africa: Beyond the ‘New Bandung’ or a ‘New Colonialism’?:

The ‘New Bandung’ framework presumes a stable North/South order and opposition to it. This article examines how reigning orthodoxies on the acquisition of land and agricultural investments in Afric...
Policy dynamics and the evolution of state charter school laws

Baumgartner and Jones (1993) showed how radically new policies emerge on government agendas as a consequence of exogenous shocks to policy subsystems displacing privileged interests. But how do these policies evolve post-punctuation? In this paper, we present three different models of policy change. Policies may revert to the old status quo if displaced interests re-assert themselves, or they may be “locked-in” by new interests now reaping the benefits. Alternatively, they may incrementally change as lawmakers “learn” how to better meet target population needs, particularly by witnessing how other jurisdictions address similar problems. We test these models with data on change in state charter schools laws over time. We find that whether old status quos are overthrow, and the fate of charter policies when they are enacted, is influenced more by competing political interests, especially interest groups, than elite and public perceptions of broad systemic crises. Yet, we also find that changing demands on the state and learning from the successes and failures of neighboring states also play significant roles.
Pbx1-dependent control of VMC differentiation kinetics underlies gross renal vascular patterning

The architecture of an organ's vascular bed subserves its physiological function and metabolic demands. However, the mechanisms underlying gross vascular patterning remain elusive. Using intravital dye labeling and 3D imaging, we discovered that systems-level vascular patterning in the kidney is dependent on the kinetics of vascular mural cell (VMC) differentiation. Conditional ablation of the TALE transcription factor Pbx1 in renal VMC progenitors in the mouse led to the premature upregulation of PDGFRβ, a master initiator of VMC-blood vessel association. This precocious VMC differentiation resulted in nonproductive angiogenesis, abnormal renal arterial tree patterning and neonatal death consistent with kidney dysfunction. Notably, we establish that Pbx1 directly represses Pdgfrb, and demonstrate that decreased Pdgfrb dosage in conditional Pbx1 mutants substantially rescues vascular patterning defects and neonatal survival. These findings identify, for the first time, an in vivo transcriptional regulator of PDGFRβ, and reveal a previously unappreciated role for VMCs in systems-level vascular patterning.
Regulated interaction of the Fanconi anemia protein, FANCD2, with chromatin.

DNA damage activates the monoubiquitination of the Fanconi anemia (FA) protein, FANCD2, resulting in the assembly of FANCD2 nuclear foci. In the current study, we characterize structural features of FANCD2 required for this intranuclear translocation. We have previously identified 2 normal mRNA splice variants of FANCD2, one containing exon 44 sequence at the 3′ end (FANCD2-44) and one containing exon 43 sequence (FANCD2-43). The 2 predicted FANCD2 proteins differ in their carboxy terminal 24 amino acids. In stably transfected FANCD2—/— fibroblasts, FANCD2-44 and FANCD2-43 proteins were monoubiquitinated on K561. Only FANCD2-44 corrected the mitomycin C (MMC) sensitivity of the transfected cells. We find that monoubiquitinated FANCD2-44 was translocated from the soluble nuclear compartment into chromatin. A mutant form of FANCD2-44 (FANCD2-K561R) was not monoubiquitinated and failed to bind chromatin. A truncated FANCD2 protein (Exon44-T), lacking the carboxy terminal 24 amino acids encoded by exon 44 but retaining K561, and another mutant FANCD2 protein, with a single amino acid substitution at a conserved residue within the C-terminal 24 amino acids (D1428A), were monoubiquitinated. Both mutants were targeted to chromatin but failed to correct MMC sensitivity. Taken together, our results indicate that monoubiquitination of FANCD2 regulates chromatin binding and that D1428 within the carboxy terminal acidic sequence encoded by exon 44 is independently required for functional complementation of FA-D2 cells. We hypothesize that the carboxy terminus of FANCD2-44 plays a critical role in sensing or repairing DNA damage.
Candida glabrata erg1 mutant with increased sensitivity to azoles and to low oxygen tension.

A Candida glabrata erg1 (Cgerg1) mutant, CgTn201S, was identified by transposon mutagenesis and by increased fluconazole susceptibility. CgERG1 encodes a 489-amino-acid protein which, on the basis of its homology with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ERG1, is a squalene epoxidase essential for ergosterol synthesis. Interruption following codon 475 of CgErg1p decreased the ergosterol content by 50%; caused accumulation of the squalene precursor; increased the levels of susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine; increased the level of resistance to amphotericin B; increased the levels of rhodamine 6G and [3H]-fluconazole uptake; reduced the level of growth; and blocked growth under conditions of low oxygen tension. In addition, CgTn201S efficiently took up exogenous cholesterol from cholesterol-containing serum. Cholesterol constituted 34% of the extractable sterols in CgTn201S when it was grown aerobically on serum-containing medium. Under the same conditions, C. albicans contained only 0.1 to 1.2% cholesterol. Exogenous sterols also restored growth under conditions of low oxygen tension. Finally, complementation of the Cgerg1 mutation restored the levels of [3H]fluconazole uptake and drug susceptibility to wild-type levels.
FACTORS INFLUENCING NITRATE REDUCTION IN SOYBEAN FOLIAGE

Summary Optimum conditions for the in vivo nitrate reductase assay in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) foliage were determined. The in vivo and in vitro nitrate reductase assays correlated highly but exhibited differential decay rates with increasing leaf age. Nitrate reduction could be coupled to the oxidation of either frustose-I,6-diphosphate or 6-phosphogluconate. Compounds, such as glucose, 2,4-dinitrophenol or phosphate, which stimulate glycolysis also stimulated nitrate reduction. Citrate stimulated nitrate reduction in young expanding leaves but was inhibitory in mature, expanded leaves. Caffeic acid was inhibitory in young but not in mature leaves.
Computer automated experimentation for the control and assessment of the classically conditioned eye blink response

The classically conditioned eye blink experiment provides another way to study associative learning. This type of associative learning has many important features which are helpful in neurological studies such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Our goal was to design a portable medical device for East Orange, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, which collects electromyogram, electrocardiogram and respiration signals from a human subject for biomedical research studies. The major priorities of this project were to reduce power consumption, person's safety, increase portability and to use the latest technologies for the device. LabView 6.0 was used for this system which collects data from the subject and transferred it to the computer. Hardware components for this system provide acoustic signals, air puff to eye for blinking, and detect condition physiological signals.
Parents' Use of Nonmedical Support Services in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Parents frequently identify the need for support while their infant is in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), however, they may simultaneously distance themselves from traditional family and friend support. Recognizing this, many NICUs provide additional nonmedical support services such as social workers, chaplains/religious counselors, and support groups. This article, part of a larger research study, suggests an inverse relationship between social support and the use of supportive services. In addition, parents in this study appear to use support services less often than would be anticipated based on their reports of utility. Suggestions are provided to potentially improve desirability/accessibility of these services.
Labor Market Adjustment In High-Tech Industries: A Critical Review

Capitalist restructuring in the United States has been a key fore in reshaping cities and regions in the late 1970s and 1980s. The emergence of high-tech industries and its impact on the level of employment, the quality of work, and the condition of labor is at the core of the social debate over the high-tech led economic development. Some researchers argue that high-tech industries have a positive effect on labor markets. Others seem to support the idea of a significant negative impact exercised by high-technologies on employment patterns and occupational composition. The purpose of this paper is to provide some insights on this debate by critically examining the relevant literature. We conclude that there is a need to inquire further into the labor market adjustment at the local level to unravel the inner complexities.
We Still Need You! An Update on the Status of K-12 Civics Education in the United States

In 2001, Richard Niemi and Julia Smith published an article in PS: Political Science and Politics on enrollments in high school civics and government courses. They framed their study on the premise that political scientists were ignoring an important aspect of American civic and political life, and they concluded by issuing a call for political scientists to become more involved in K-12 civics education. This article provides an update on the state of K-12 civics education and renews Niemi and Smith’s call for political science engagement in K-12 education.
Because Breaking Up is Hard to Do

In responding to Jeannie Suk, Criminal Law Comes Home, 116 Yale L.J. 2 (2006), Professor Hanna argues that concerns about the over-enforcement of domestic violence laws, including court-ordered no-contact orders, are overstated. Rather, she argues that for autonomy to flourish, the criminal law must "come home" to protect the rights of women to live without fear of physical and emotional violence.
Dependence of skin permeability on contact area.

Purpose. We report that experimentally measured skin permeability to hydrophilic solutes increases with decreasing contact area between the formulation and the skin. Our results suggest that an array of smaller reservoirs should thus be more effective in increasing transdermal drug delivery compared to a large single reservoir of the same total area.
Approaching the Grain-Size Limit for Jitter Using FeRh/FePt in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Composite FeRh/FePt for heat-assisted magnetic recording media is investigated with micromagnetic simulation. It is found to potentially lower recording temperature, while retaining high anisotropy field gradient. The transition width is predicted to depend on the media cooling rate. The thickness of the FeRh layer and the applied field can significantly affect the switching time of the FePt layer, and therefore alter recording performance. Applied field magnitudes and angles are identified that allow successful switching within 100 ps. It is shown that using up to 15 nm of FeRh with 6 nm of FePt, the jitter for 5.6 nm grains can be nearly equal to the grain-size limited value, for head velocities as high as 20 m/s.
An emergency department registration kiosk can increase HIV screening in high risk patients

We evaluated the feasibility and the patient acceptability of integrating a kiosk into routine emergency department (ED) practice for offering HIV testing. The work was conducted in four phases: phase 1 was a baseline, in which external testing staff offered testing at the bedside; phase 2 was a pilot assessment of a prototype kiosk; phase 3 was a pilot implementation and phase 4 was the full implementation with automated login. Feasibility was assessed by the proportion of offering HIV tests, acceptance, completion and result reporting. During the study period, the number of ED patients and eligible patients for screening were similar in the three main phases. However, the number and proportion of patients offered testing of those eligible for screening increased significantly from phase 1 (32%) to phase 3 (37%) and phase 4 (40%). There were slightly higher prevalences of newly diagnosed HIV with kiosk versus bedside testing (phase 1, 0%; phase 3, 0.2%; phase 4, 0.5%). Compared to patients tested at the ...
1478TiPPHASE 2 STUDY OF ALDOXORUBICIN VERSUS TOPETECAN FOR RELAPSED/REFRACTORY SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

ABSTRACT Background: Aldoxorubicin is a novel prodrug that binds to albumin in the circulation. Doxorubicin is cleaved in low pH environments, allowing administration of 3 1/2-4-fold higher doses than standard doxorubicin and 10-fold greater cumulative doses. Patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who have failed prior chemotherapies have a poor prognosis with response rates (ORR) of 5-20%, progression-free surival (PFS) of 2-4 months and overall survival of 6-10 months. Topotecan is the standard therapy for these patients. Trial design: Open label study, 132 patients, ( 1:1 randomization) to receive either aldoxorubicin (230 mg/m2, IV infusion, Day 1, every 3 weeks) or topotecan (either 2.3 mg/m2//day oral or 1.5 mg/m2/day IV, Days 1-5, every 3 weeks. Key inclusions: confirmed SCLC, relapsed or refractory to 1 prior chemo, ECOG 0-2, meaurable tumor (RECIST 1.1). Key exclusions: >375 mg/m2 prior doxorubicin, prior topotecan, active CNS mets, lab abnormalities (ANC 3x or 5x (if liver mets) ULN), serious myocardial dysfunction. Key stratifications: relapse 90 days; ECOG 0-1 versus 2 Primary endpoint: PFS (analysis after 110 events); assume PFS for topotecan=3.5 months, aldoxorubicin=6.5 months. Secondary endpoints: ORR, OS, disease control rate, adverse events, tolerability, lab abnormalities. Study sites: Up to 35 sites in the US, Canada, Europe and Asia Pacific. Disclosure: S. Wieland: Employee of CytRx Corporation; Salary and Stock Options; D. Levitt: Employee of CytRx Corporation; salary and stock options. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Characteristics of Recent Real Estate Research: 2000–2006

This study examines recently published articles from leading academic real estate journals to investigate three key questions: 1) What areas have attracted the most attention? 2) Where is the real ...
JavaServer pages and its application in chemical structures searching system

The platform, architecture and technologies of chemical structures searching system are discussed. JSP is a platform independent technology specified as a convenient way of generating dynamic content in pages that are output by a Web application. It is used to develop the Web - based substructure searching system, which allows users to draw and view molecules in graphic mode.
Review of Eco-hydrological Models of Watershed Scale

Eco-hydrological model of watershed scale is an essential tool to assess the impact of environmental change on watershed hydrological and ecological processes.This has made eco-hydrological model a hot re-search focus,and significant advances have been achieved during recent years.This paper provides a perspective on the current state of the research on eco-hydrological modeling.Firstly we elaborate the characteristics of the interaction between vegetation and hydrological processes and the requirements for watershed eco-hydrological modeling.Then the existing models are classified according to the detail levels of their description of the eco-hy-drological interaction.Different types of eco-hydrological models and their respective advantage and disadvan-tage are summarized.Finally,the key problems and research issues(i.e,eco-hydrological interaction,parame-ters estimation and the problem of uncertainty) for eco-hydrological modeling are addressed.
The Correlation Analysis of Total Homocysteine Level and Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Polymorphism With Other Risk Factors in Patients of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Objective: To explore the correlation of total homocysteine(tHcy) level and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene polymorphism with other risk factors in patients of acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods: A total of 248 ACS patients admitted in our hospital from July to December 2012 were studied.The patient's gender,age,history of hypertension,diabetes and smoking were recorded,plasma tHcy level,blood lipids and MTHFR gene polymorphism were examined.According to tHcyquartiles,the patients were divided into 4 groups,Group A,(tHcy≥21.35)μmol/L,Group B,(16≤tHcy21.35)μmol/L,Group C,(12.68 ≤tHcy16)μmol/L and Group D,(tHcy12.68)μmol/L.Meanwhile,30 healthy subjects were enrolled as Control group.The impact of MTHFR genotype polymorphism and the relatedrisk factors on tHcy level were statistically analyzed.Results: In ACS patients,the MTHFR C677T TT distribution frequency was 38%,there were 231/248(93%) of patients had hyper-homocysteinemia as(tHcy≥10)μmol/L which was much higher than the normal average level of tHcy(8.83±3.54) umol/L,P0.05.In Group A and Group B,the MTHFR C677T mutation gene pattern ratio(CT+TT) was statistically the same,98.3% vs 93.6%,P= 0.37 which was much higher than that in Group C and Group D,80.3% vs.64.5%,P0.01.The ratio of MTHFR C677T TT distribution in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B,C,and D as 67.7%,36.5%,26.2% and 24.2%,P0.01 respectively.Plasma tHcy level in ACS patients with MTHFR C677T TT pattern was higher than that with CC pattern,P0.01.Multivariate regression analysis displayed that tHcy level was significantly impacted by MTHFR and LDL-C;there might be an interaction between MTHFR and smoking.Conclusion: Plasma tHcy level obviously increased in ACS patients,the MTHFRC 677TTT mutation may play an important role,LDL-C and smoking should also be involve in tHcy elevation.
Steps out of Integration Hell - Protocol Interception Wrapper.

DaimlerChrysler is a typical IT user rather than an IT producer. We try to base our application systems development on the integration of existing components rather than on custom made solutions. This is part of our effort to limit the number of different technologies within the company. Otherwise they would build up a huge pile of legacy. In our daily work as a strategic IT department this means that we have to find ways to integrate new technologies or products with our infrastructure already in place. Some of the best insights into this job stems from application development projects in which we are involved as part of our job. The Protocol Interceptor Wrapper pattern is the first of a series of patterns which help you to step out of integration hell.
Modeling Sediment Reduction in Grass Swales and Vegetated Filter Strips Using Particle Settling Theory

AbstractTwo of the most common and simple stormwater control measures are swales and filter strips. However, an overly simplistic one-size-fits-all design approach typically is used for these practices. To provide more flexibility in design, a coupled hydraulics and particle-settling model was created to predict swale and filter strip total suspended solids (TSS) reduction as a function of catchment area, longitudinal slope, side slope, cross section type (triangular swale, trapezoidal swale, or filter strip), and length. The hydraulics and hydrology models were based on Manning’s equation and the rational method, respectively, with the underlying requirement that the water quality design storm does not exceed the height of the grass. The particle-settling model was underpinned by the Aberdeen equation. The model predicts that triangular swales produce the least and filter strips the most TSS removal because of increased hydraulic retention time; trapezoidal swales had on average 10% greater TSS removal t...
Review at a multidisciplinary tumor board impacts critical management decisions of pediatric patients with cancer.

Background Optimal cancer care requires a multidisciplinary approach. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of a multidisciplinary tumor board on the treatment plans of children with solid tumors. Procedures The records of 158 consecutive patients discussed at a formal multidisciplinary pediatric tumor board between July 2012 and April 2014 were reviewed. Treatment plans were based on clinical practice guidelines and on current Children's Oncology Group protocols. Alterations in radiologic, pathologic, surgical, and medical interpretations were analyzed to determine the impact on changes in recommendations for clinical management. Results Overall, 55 of 158 children (35%) had alterations in radiologic, pathologic, medical, or surgical interpretation of clinical data following multidisciplinary discussion. Of these, 64% had changes to the initial recommendation for clinical management. Review of imaging studies resulted in interpretation changes in 30 of 158 patients studied (19%), with 12 clinical management changes. Six of 158 patients (3.9%) had changes in pathologic interpretation, with four patients (2.5%) requiring treatment changes. In eight patients (5%), a change in medical management was recommended, while in 11 patients (7%) there were changes in surgical management that were based solely on discussion and not on interpretation of imaging or pathology. Conclusions Formal multidisciplinary review led to alterations in interpretation of clinical data in 35% of patients, and the majority led to changes in recommendations for treatment. Comprehensive multidisciplinary tumor board incorporated into the care of children with cancer provides additional perspectives for families and care providers when delineating optimal treatment plans.
Improved SSS-PQS heptahedron block development for low-cost-ultra-high resolution MuPET

1954 Objectives To built a low-cost/high-performance MD Anderson Murine PET (MUPET) detector system. Methods The detector system consist of a zero gap ring with 180 PQS-SSS blocks. Each block has 13 × 13 crystal array. Edge crystals are 1.76 mm wide, and the inner crystals 1.32 mm wide. Rectangular blocks were ground into heptahedron shaped blocks with a taper angle of 6° on the edge crystals and optical surfaces. We explored the possibility of increasing the detector’s performance by implementing new design, materials, and production techniques; testing the detector’s performance; and measuring the detector’s timing resolution. Results Heptahedron-detector-block performance: packing fraction,95%; 169 crystal clearly decoded per PMT; peak-to-valley ratio, 2.4; light collection efficiency, 78%; energy resolution, 14% at 511 keV; and averaged (single crystal to block) coincidence timing resolution, 430 ps. Conclusions Our detector design indicates that it is feasible to construct a high resolution (~1.2 mm) MuPET detector ring using round 19 mm PMTs instead of the more expensive position sensitive PMTs or solid state detectors
Development of customized [18F] fluoride elution techniques for the enhancement of copper-mediated late-stage radiofluorination

In a relatively short period of time, transition metal-mediated radiofluorination reactions have changed the PET radiochemistry landscape. These reactions have enabled the radiofluorination of a wide range of substrates, facilitating access to radiopharmaceuticals that were challenging to synthesize using traditional fluorine-18 radiochemistry. However, the process of adapting these new reactions for automated radiopharmaceutical production has revealed limitations in fitting them into the confines of traditional radiochemistry systems. In particular, the presence of bases (e.g. K2CO3) and/or phase transfer catalysts (PTC) (e.g. kryptofix 2.2.2) associated with fluorine-18 preparation has been found to be detrimental to reaction yields. We hypothesized that these limitations could be addressed through the development of alternate techniques for preparing [18F]fluoride. This approach also opens the possibility that an eluent can be individually tailored to meet the specific needs of a metal-catalyzed reaction of interest. In this communication, we demonstrate that various solutions of copper salts, bases, and ancillary ligands can be utilized to elute [18F]fluoride from ion exchange cartridges. The new procedures are effective for fluorine-18 radiochemistry and, as proof of concept, have been used to optimize an otherwise base-sensitive copper-mediated radiofluorination reaction.
Examining the Impacts of Middle School Disciplinary Policies on Ninth-Grade Retention:

We estimate the relationship between exclusionary discipline given in eighth-grade and the probability of ninth-grade retention. We use a rich 7-year, student-level, panel data set from Arkansas. W...
Wide Local Excision of Melanoma

Wide local excision of melanoma is performed after definitive pathologic diagnosis of melanoma has been obtained. If sentinel node biopsy is indicated, it should be performed at the same time. This chapter lists the indication, essential steps in technique, common variations, and complications of this common procedure. A detailed template operative dictation note is included.
Automated Evaluation Methods

This chapter provides the foundation for our discussion in Part II of automated web site evaluation methods. We discuss frameworks for describing evaluation methods in general, and automated evaluation methods in particular. We point out the limitations of existing frameworks and describe an expanded taxonomy for classifying evaluation automation. We summarize the application of this taxonomy to 84 methods, and in the process, we characterize the state-of-the-art in automated web site evaluation. We include approaches that were developed after our original survey of 58 methods [Ivory and Hearst, 2001; Ivory, 2001], but suggest that the reader refer to these prior surveys for a more comprehensive discussion of automated and non-automated methods for evaluating both graphical and web interfaces. Chapters 3–7 provide methodology details, including summative assessments of the techniques.
Understanding extreme stochastic events in euv resists

Author(s): Naulleau, P; Bhattarai, S; Neureuther, A | Abstract: The problem of stochastics in photoresist patterning is of significant concern in the commercialization of extreme ultraviolet lithography, especially in patterning of contacts or vias. Traditionally, contact hole critical dimension (CD) variability is characterized as a Gaussian process, however, recent experimental results have demonstrated significant deviations from Gaussian statistics, especially on the small CD side. Modeling results show that this non-Gaussian variation is expected and can be attributed to the non-linear behavior of the contact hole exposure latitude as a function of dose. It is shown that if we consider the noise in the dose or sensitivity domain, it can still be treated as a Gaussian process. The CD statistics are then determined by mapping the Gaussian dose/sensitivity noise through the non-linear and deterministic CD versus dose function.
FIR Detector Sensitivity, Dynamic Range, and Multiplexing Requirements for the Origins Space Telescope (OST)

Spectroscopic, cold, space-based mid-to-far-infrared (FIR) missions, such as the Origins Space Telescope, will require large (tens of kilopixels), ultra-sensitive FIR detector arrays with sufficient dynamic range and high-density multiplexing schemes for the readout, in order to optimize the scientific return while staying within a realistic cost range. Issues like power consumption of multiplexers and their readout are significantly more important for space missions than they are for ground-based or suborbital applications. In terms of the detectors and their configuration into large arrays, significant development efforts are needed even for both of the most mature candidate superconducting detector technologies, namely transition edge sensors and (microwave) kinetic inductance detectors. Here we explore both practical and fundamental limits for those technologies in order to lay out a realistic path forward for both technologies. We conclude that beyond the need to enhance the detector sensitivities and pixel numbers by about an order of magnitude over currently existing devices, improved concepts for larger dynamic range and multiplexing density will be needed in order to optimize the scientific return of future cold FIR space missions. Background-limited, very high spectral resolution instruments will require photon-counting detectors.
Chapter 8. Anticoagulants: Inhibitors of thrombin and factor Xa

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the inhibitors of thrombin and factor Xa (fXa) that are members of the trypsin family of serine proteases and pivotal components of the blood coagulation cascade. Thrombin is the final enzyme of the cascade. Its primary actions are to cleave fibrinogen to release fibrin and to activate platelets via the thrombin receptor and, since polymerized fibrin and activated platelets are the principal components of blood clots, thrombin inhibition ameliorate coagulation. The X-ray crystal structure of benzothiazole carboxylic acid derivative RWJ-51438 bound to thrombin was reported. It shows the heterocycle occupying the S1′ site with an edge to face contact with the indole of Trp-60D similar to the bound structure of parent compound RWJ-50353. Melagatran and its oral pro-drug H 376/95 are well advanced in clinical trials and preliminary results from the METHRO II dose-response study comparing them with the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) daltaparin as thromboembolic prophylaxis after total hip or total knee replacement were reported.