cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An agent-based cross-organizational workflow architecture in support of Web services

The latest trend in system interoperability is the emerging concept of Web services. Web services promote the use of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) to represent services (Web Service Description Language (WSDL)) and their locations and interactions (Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)). Using the Web services paradigm with the Internet as a medium has the potential of universal system interoperability and functional reuse. Workflow automation through agent-based reflective processes or WARP is the initial work that has the same goals in mind. WARP uses reflection and tuple-space communication to coordinate a workflow of component-based services. The goal is toward the automatic configuration and management of low-level services (component-based). This work has the most potential with respect to business-to-business interaction (B2B). In this paper, we discuss our findings in the development of WARP and briefly discuss how these findings have relevance to future use of Web services for business interactions.
Optimal control of robotic systems with logical constraints: Application to UAV path planning

Optimal control of robotic systems with logical constraints is an instance of a hybrid optimal control problem. It has been traditionally treated as a mixed-integer programming problem (MIP) which is of combinatorial complexity. This paper proposes a new approach for transforming logical constraints into inequality and equality constraints involving only continuous variables. In this way the hybrid optimal control problem is converted to a smooth optimal control problem that can in turn be solved using traditional nonlinear programming methods, thereby dramatically reducing the computational complexity of finding the solution. We illustrate the techniques by solving an optimal path planning problem for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with collision avoidance. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the approach.
The Transmission and Transformation of Baroclinic Rossby Waves by Topography

Abstract The transmission of westward propagating baroclinic Rossby waves incident on a gappy meridional barrier is studied in the context of the two-layer, quasigeostrophic model. The meridional barrier models the presence of very steep topography such as the midocean ridge system or extensive island arcs. The nature of the transmission depends strongly on the nature of the gaps in the meridional barrier. If the gaps extend throughout the depth of the fluid, the Rossby waves propagate through the barrier, as a consequence of Kelvin’s theorem, with no change in vertical structure. On the other hand, if the gaps in the barrier are partial and extend only over a single layer, there is a significant transformation of the vertical structure of the wave field as it traverses the barrier. In particular, waves of baroclinic vertical structure in the model are transformed on the western side of the barrier into barotropic waves that radiate from the segment of the barrier between two such gaps. Such segments act ...
Utilization of a Blended Learning Approach to Teach Pediatric Resuscitation to Medical Residents

Because of the rarity of the event of pediatric resuscitations, residents are not able to practice and maintain skills that are critical for caring for these patients. Training must be focused on rapid decision making, identification of anatomical structures for intubation, selecting appropriate equipment and sizes for resuscitation procedures, selection of appropriate medications and leading a team in stressful situations. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of a blended learning approach to facilitate the acquisition and retention of pediatric resuscitation skills utilizing both simulation technology and on-line education resources.
Labile iron: manifestations and clinical implications.

As Dr. Danielson discussed in the article “Structure, Chemistry, and Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Iron Agents” in this supplement, the pharmacokinetics and internal iron disposition of all intravenous (IV) iron agents are characterized by initial clearance from the plasma space into fixed
The Drag of Elongated Bodies Over a Wide Reynolds Number Range

Summary The resistance of bodies in motion through an incompressibl e viscous fluid is predictable from Stokes- or Oseen-type solutions in the creeping-motion range, while some test information is available in the boundary-layer range. With the exception of experimental results for spheres or circular cylinders and analyti­ cal and experimental results for flat plates, almost no information is available on other bodies, particularly in the intermediate range of Reynolds numbers extending from unity to a million. Experimental results as obtained from hydroballistic studies in water and glycerin-water solutions are presented for finned ellipsoids of fineness-rati o 4 over a 20,000-fold range and are correlated with available information on other bodies. Although results do not extend down to the creeping-motion region where analytical predictions are available, comparison with the drag coefficient trends for spheres and flat plates indicates that an ap­ propriate curve for the ellipsoid could be extended so as to cover the entire laminar-viscous range. Less extensive results are pre­ sented on the drag of fineness-rati o 8 ellipsoids and on laminarturbulent transition occurrences.
Sequential simulation with patterns

Flow in a reservoir is mostly controlled by the connectivity of extreme permeabilities (both high and low) which are generally associated with marked, multiple-scale geological patterns such as fluvial channels. Accurate characterization of such patterns requires multiple-point correlations that are much beyond the reach of the two-point correlations provided by a traditional variogram model. In this thesis, a pattern-based geostatistical sequential simulation algorithm (SIMPAT) is proposed that redefines reservoir characterization as an image construction problem. The approach utilizes the training image concept of multiple-point geostatistics (MPS) but is not developed through probability theory. Rather, it considers the training image as a collection of multiple-scale patterns from which patterns are selected and pasted into the reservoir model such that they match any local subsurface data. A training image pattern is defined as a multiple-pixel configuration identifying a meaningful geological structure believed to exist in the reservoir. The framework of sequential simulation is used to achieve the simulation and conditioning of patterns. During sequential simulation, at each visited grid location, the algorithm looks for the training image patterns that is most ‘similar’ to the data event (the neighborhood of the currently visited grid node), i.e. the traditional conditional probability calculations of MPS are replaced with similarity calculations of computer vision and image processing. One way of conceptualizing the proposed algorithm is to envision it as a method for solving jigsaw puzzles: The technique builds images (reservoir models) by assembling puzzle pieces (training image patterns) that interlock with each other in a certain way. The method works equally well with both continuous (such as porosity and permeability) and categorical (such as facies) variables while conditioning to a variety of local subsurface data such as well logs, local angle information and 3D seismic.
Principles of Transference in Theoretical Kinematics

The concept of symmetrical parameterizations of rigid-body motions was introduced in a paper in the Yang Symposium in 2014 in the context of biomolecular docking applications. These parameters are symmetrical in the sense that they “look the same” in a motion and in its inverse. Here we examine properties of special symmetrical parameterizations of rotations and full rigid-body motions in the plane and three-dimensional space. In particular, it is shown how special kinds of motions can “pass through”, or transfer, from left to right. And conjugations of rotation or homogeneous transforms can transfer to the symmetrical parameters.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
An invariant of finite Abelian groups

where the mi are prime powers. The (unordered) sequence of numbers mi, m2,..., ml completely determines G up to isomorphism, so any invariant of G is some symmetric function of the mi. The product of the mi is simply I GI, the order of G: in this note we consider another invariant, the sum of the mi. We show that it behaves fairly nicely with respect to extensions, and that it can be interpreted as the smallest degree of any symmetric group in which G imbeds. For any abelian group G with decomposition (1), let
Taphrina osmundae Nishida and Taphrina higginsii sp. nov.

An interesting feature of the genus Taphrina is the high state of development attained on ferns. About twenty species of this genus occur on ferns, seven of them having been described rather recently (2, 3). A few undescribed species are in the writer's possession and it is possible that additional forms may yet be discovered. Although the clavate type of ascus prevails among fern-inhabiting species of Taphrina, as pointed out long ago by Giesenhagen (1), considerable variation in ascus-form exists. There is also marked variation in ascus-size, ranging from Taphrina Hiratsukae Nish. with asci 13-30 / x 4-7 I, stalk-cells 5-8 j X 3-5 p, to T. lutescens Rostr. with asci 27-75 / x 6-11 il (without stalk-cell). Asci with or without stalk-cells are well represented, the former by Taphrina Hiratsukae and other species, the latter by T. filicina Rostr. and at least one undescribed species. Host-lesions vary from inconspicuous, unthickened leaf-spots, as in T. Hiratsukae and other species, to large galls, as in T. californica Mix, or very remarkable outgrowths, as in T. cornu-cervi Giesenhagen and T. laurencia Giesenhagen. All three types of mycelial habit are exemplified by fern-inhabiting species of Taphrina: the subcuticular habit (T. Hiratsukae, etc.), the intercellular habit (T. filicina, etc.), and the habit of growing within the epidermal wall. In fact the "wall-habit" of mycelial growth, described by the writer for T. amplians Mix and other species (3), is known only in fern-inhabiting species and in two species occurring on Monocotyledons. This paper is concerned with two species of Taphrina which seem to climax the series on ferns if not to form a connecting link between the genera Taphrina and Taphridium.
Histones: at the crossroads of peptide and protein chemistry.

In eukaryotic cells, inheritable information is stored in a nucleoprotein complex referred to as chromatin.1 This genome architecture serves two key purposes. On the one hand, wrapping DNA (approximately 145–147 basepairs) twice around a spool composed of two copies each of the highly basic core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 leads to compaction of DNA strands (Figure ​(Figure1a,b).1a,b). These assemblies are called nucleosomes. Contacts between individual nucleosomes are often mediated by cationic tails at the N- and C-termini of all histone proteins that protrude from the core and further tighten the chromatin fiber (Figure ​(Figure1c).1c). Additional packing is achieved through attachment of histone H1 to the DNA that links neighboring nucleosomes or by nonhistone proteins that are able to bridge units within or between chromatin fibers.2 The second pivotal function of storing genetic information as a DNA–protein complex is the additional layer of regulation that this feature provides.3−5 For instance, the very presence of histones on DNA sequences can occlude access to these sites by transcription factors and other DNA binding proteins.6 Thus, nucleosome positioning, shaped in part by DNA sequence preferences and shifted by ATP-powered molecular motors (referred to as chromatin remodelers), directly affects chromatin transactions.7 Beyond their location, the biochemical makeup of nucleosomes provides further opportunity for regulation. Canonical histones can be replaced with closely resembling variants, and all histones are dynamically decorated with post-translational modifications (PTMs). These biochemical marks can be as small as just a few atoms, such as methyl (Lys, Arg, Gln), acetyl (Lys), or phosphoryl groups (Ser, Thr), or as large as an entire protein in the case of ubiquitin or SUMO. Upon attachment by dedicated transferase enzymes, PTMs can directly alter the biophysical properties of the target protein, provide a docking site for specific interaction partners, interfere with binding events of other factors, or act through a combination of these mechanisms. In this way, signaling through histone PTMs serves to orchestrate chromatin-templated processes, including fine-tuning transcriptional outputs. Remarkably, transcriptional states can be inherited through cell division cycles, thus providing a mode of epigenetic memory.8,9 Not surprisingly, misregulation of the inputs and outputs of chromatin signaling occurs in many diseases, especially cancer.10−13 Figure 1 Chromatin architecture in eukaryotic cells. (a) Structure of a mononucleosome. DNA (gray) is wrapped around two copies each of H2A (orange), H2B (red), H3 (blue), and H4 (green); pdb code: 1kx5. (b) Electrostatic surface rendering of a histone octamer. ...
Weapon System Management and Organizational Relationships

Investigates problem areas involved in managing the procurement aspect of the national security program in the United States. Discussion on the weapon system management approach; Explanation on the...
Dependence Networks and the Diffusion of Domestic Political Institutions

How and to what extent do states influence the level of democracy and autocracy in other states? We argue that states exist internationally in dependence networks with each other and that those networks provide pathways for influence on a state’s domestic institutions. For any given state, a dependence network is a set of partner states with whom it regularly engages in exchanges of valued goods, where those exchanges would be costly to break. We find that an index of three such networks–trade, security and shared international organization membership–significantly influences the domestic political institutions in a given state. These changes are substantively large in the long run, similar in size to regional and global levels of democracy. State capabilities figure heavily in our network measures, thus emphasizing the role of power in the diffusion of domestic political institutions. We also find that network-influenced change works both ways: states can become more autocratic or more democratic.
Moving off the grid in an experimental, compressively sampled photonic link.

Perhaps the largest obstacle to practical compressive sampling is an inability to accurately, and sparsely describe the data one seeks to recover due to poor choice of signal model parameters. In such cases the recovery process will yield artifacts, or in many cases, fail completely. This work represents the first demonstration of a solution to this so-called “off-grid” problem in an experimental, compressively sampled system. Specifically, we show that an Alternating Convex Search algorithm is able to significantly reduce these data model errors in harmonic signal recovery.
Effect of heparin on the inhibition of thrombin by α1-proteinase inhibitor

Abstract Heparin interferes with the inhibition of thrombin by α1-proteinase inhibitor (αPI). The inhibitory effect of heparin is due to its binding to thrombin. Other glycosaminoglycans and carboxyl-modified heparin do not have the same effect as heparin. The results indicate that there are similarities in the structural requirements in heparin, for anticoagulant activity and for the inhibition of αPI interaction with thrombin.
Optimal Bowel Cleansing for Colonoscopy in the Elderly Patient

Colonoscopy is an important diagnostic and screening tool for colorectal cancer detection and prevention, and adequate bowel preparation is critical for successful colonoscopy. Complications related to colonoscopy, either directly or indirectly related to the procedure, are increased in elderly patients, and the risks and benefits of colonoscopy procedures need to be carefully considered in these patients. Recent studies have shown that 4 L polyethylene glycol with a split preparation is safe and effective for elderly patients, and is the preferred preparation for patients with medical comorbidities. Preparations containing sodium phosphate are generally not recommended for the elderly because of increased renal complications. In addition, a low-residue diet may aid in tolerance and willingness to undergo the procedure compared with a clear liquid diet, with comparable bowel preparation adequacy. Risk factors for inadequate bowel preparations include poor adherence to split preparation instructions or volume of solution ingested, and certain patient-related medications and comorbidities, such as diabetes, elevated body mass index, and antidepressant or narcotic use. Methods for achieving safe and adequate bowel preparations in the elderly include clear instructions, reminder calls, and case management for potential confounding patient-related factors.
Investigating Diffusing on Highly Curved Water–Oil Interface Using Three-Dimensional Single Particle Tracking

Diffusion on highly curved surfaces is important to many industrial and biological processes. Despite the progress made in theoretical studies, how diffusion is affected by the curvature is unclear due to experimental challenges. Here, we measured the trajectories of polystyrene nanoparticles diffusing on highly curved water-silicone oil interface, where the oil droplet diameter ranges from several μm to as small as ∼400 nm. To analyze the diffusion coefficients on curved surface, an analytical solution developed by Castro-Villarreal containing an infinite series can be used. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we simplified the Castro-Villarreal equation and defined the conditions that satisfy corresponding approximations. For the experiments, unexpectedly, we found that the diffusion slows down significantly when the oil droplet becomes smaller. Possible reasons were discussed, and a diffusion-induced droplet deformation and interface fluctuation model is consistent with the experimental results. This stud...
Chromosome count and karyotype study on endemic species Silene schimperiana Boiss. (Caryophyllaceae), Sinai, Egypt.

Chromosome count and karyotype study were performed on the available nine populations of the endangered endemic species Silene schimperiana Boiss., sectionSclerocalycinae (Family: Caryophyllaceae), recorded only in a few localities in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. The species studied showed chromosome number 2 n =2 x =24 for the first time in Egypt. The populations studied of S. schimperiana showed significant values of Pearson’s correlation according to karyotypic characters. The cluster analysis based on karyotypic characters divided the studied populations into two groups with 92% similarity coefficient.
Understanding the Paraelectric Double Hysteresis Loop Behavior in Mesomorphic Even-Numbered Nylons at High Temperatures

Novel ferroelectric properties, such as slim double and single hysteresis loop (DHL and SHL) behaviors, are attractive for high energy density and low loss dielectric applications. In this study, temperature-dependent ferroelectric behavior was studied for mesomorphic even-numbered nylons (i.e., nylon-12 and nylon-6) using electric displacement–electric field (D–E) loop measurements. Upon raising the temperature from room temperature to 100 °C, the D–E loops became increasingly narrower, finally leading to slim DHLs with significantly enhanced apparent dielectric constants (i.e., ∼30 and ∼60) and small remanent polarizations (i.e., 3.5 and 8.2 mC/m2) for quenched and stretched nylon-12 and nylon-6, respectively. Combining wide-angle X-ray diffraction and infrared studies, changes in the mesophases and orientation of hydrogen-bonded amide groups after electric poling were used to unravel the structure–ferroelectric property relationship for the even-numbered nylons. At 100 °C, the quenched and stretched ny...
Anticancer potential of aminomethylidene-diazinanes I. Synthesis of arylaminomethylidene of diazinetriones and its cytotoxic effects tested in glioblastoma cells.

Abstract Diazinane and aryl moieties with vinylamine linkers were synthesized to investigate the importance of their structural variations as potential anti-glioblastoma agents. Structural variations incorporated on to the diazinane moiety included oxa and thio derivatives, each with a variety of nitrogen-bound substituents. The size and shape of the aromatic moiety was varied, with the final variation introducing two carbonyl groups, yielding a substituted anthraquinone. Readily available diazinanes and aryl amines were used as an advantageous foundation. Several parameters were calculated whilst engineering these compounds, including: C log P, molecular polarizability, polar surface area, minimal molecular projected area, and pK a . In addition, a simple and efficient procedure was developed to synthesize these compounds. It was demonstrated that a vinylamine with 1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione and 1-anthraquinone moiety is the most promising drug candidate causing almost 70% of LN229 tumor cell death at 1 µg/ml. In addition, its molecular polarizability, polar surface area and minimal molecular projected area indicate a possible potential of this molecule for crossing BBB.
Detecting and Learning New Words: The Impact of Advancing Age and Hearing Loss.

Purpose Lexical acquisition was examined in children and adults to determine if the skills needed to detect and learn new words are retained in the adult years. In addition to advancing age, the ef...
Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (SPNET) are rare small round blue cell malignancies with distinct genetic alterations and worse outcomes than the more common infratentorial PNET, medulloblastoma, that most often affects young children less than 5 years of age. Clinical presentation varies with tumor location, and these tumors are often identified by distinct radiographic features including abnormal diffusion restriction on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and absence of peritumoral edema, despite the large size of many of these tumors at presentation. Standard therapy for patients with SPNET has been extrapolated from medulloblastoma regimens and combines maximal safe resection and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Outcomes of patients with SPNET have been shown to vary with tumor location (pineal vs. non-pineal), stage, extent of resection, and patient age. This chapter summarizes the data supporting current management strategies, with particular focus on role and delivery of radiation treatment, for pediatric patients with this rare, aggressive brain tumor.
Joint Center Estimation Using Single-Frame Optimization: Part 1: Numerical Simulation.

The biomechanical models used to refine and stabilize motion capture processes are almost invariably driven by joint center estimates, and any errors in joint center calculation carry over and can be compounded when calculating joint kinematics. Unfortunately, accurate determination of joint centers is a complex task, primarily due to measurements being contaminated by soft-tissue artifact (STA). This paper proposes a novel approach to joint center estimation implemented via sequential application of single-frame optimization (SFO). First, the method minimizes the variance of individual time frames’ joint center estimations via the developed variance minimization method to obtain accurate overall initial conditions. These initial conditions are used to stabilize an optimization-based linearization of human motion that determines a time-varying joint center estimation. In this manner, the complex and nonlinear behavior of human motion contaminated by STA can be captured as a continuous series of unique rigid-body realizations without requiring a complex analytical model to describe the behavior of STA. This article intends to offer proof of concept, and the presented method must be further developed before it can be reasonably applied to human motion. Numerical simulations were introduced to verify and substantiate the efficacy of the proposed methodology. When directly compared with a state-of-the-art inertial method, SFO reduced the error due to soft-tissue artifact in all cases by more than 45%. Instead of producing a single vector value to describe the joint center location during a motion capture trial as existing methods often do, the proposed method produced time-varying solutions that were highly correlated (r > 0.82) with the true, time-varying joint center solution.
Current Problems in Understanding The Behavior of Polymer Glasses

Two general types of treatments have been proposed to explain the glass transition, thermodynamic theories and kinetic or ordering parameter models. The successes of the thermodynamic approaches are reasonably well known and are only alluded to here. In this paper some of the complexities of the phenomenological behavior of glasses such as time dependence, non linearity, asymmetry and memory effects are reviewed. In addition, an effort is made to make obvious the physical underpinings by which multiordering parameter models treat such complicated behavior. In terms of a broad overview, it becomes clear that the thermodynamic and kinetic treatments are complementary, treating different aspects of this complicated behavior. In the hope that shortcomings of theories point the direction for additional development, several perplexing problems which have surfaced in attempting to treat accurate kinetic data in terms of multiordering parameter models are discussed.
Aeroelastic Response of Rotorcraft

Rotorcraft have particularly complex and often nonlinear aeroelastic phenomena. This chapters deals with those challenges including ground resonance, air resonance and various forms of aeromechanical instabilities.
Influence of Mechanical Properties and Loading Conditions on the Recovery of Shape Memory Polymers

This work presented a parameter study to investigate the influence of material properties and loading conditions on the recovery performance of amorphous shape memory polymers using a recently developed thermoviscoelastic model. The model incorporated the time-dependent effects of both structural relaxation—using a nonlinear Adam-Gibbs model—and viscoelasticity. The model can predict well the unconstrained strain recovery response and stress evolution during constrained recovery process. The materials properties and the loading parameters, including the cooling rate, the annealing time, and the heating rate, were varied one by one to compare the effects on the start and end temperatures and recovery time of the unconstrained recovery response and on the stress hysteresis of the constrained recovery response. The results confirmed experimental observations that unconstrained strain recovery response was mostly influenced by viscoelasticity, while the constrained recovery response resulted from the interaction of many different mechanisms, including structural and stress relaxation, thermal expansion, the modulus of rubbery and glass state. The results also showed that the cooling and heating rates had the largest influence on both recovery responses.
ניטור איכות האוויר בישראל - סיכום שנתי לשנת 1998

דו"ח זה מרכז יחד נתונים שהתקבלו במערך הניטור הארצי של המשרד לאיכות הסביבה וברשתות הניטור של איגודי הערים לשמירת איכות הסביבה, של עיריית ירושלים ושל חברה החשמל. עיקר הדו"ח מביא את ריכוז הנתונים, כאמור, מרשתות הניטור השונות הפועלות בארץ. מידע זה מופיע בדרגת פירוט גבוהה יותר ובתוספת סברים וניתוחים נוספים בדוחות שנכתבים ע"י הגורמים המקומיים המפעילים את הרשתות הנ"ל. החשיבות העיקרית של ריכוז תוצאות אלה דו"ח אחד היא קבלת תמונה השוואתית לגבי איזורי הארץ השונים. השוואה זו כוללת השנה רק את שפלת החוף, וכן נתונים ראשוניים מירושלים והיא תורחב בעתיד בהתאם להמשך הפריסה של תחנות הניטור של מנ"א.
Bariatric Surgery and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

The association between obesity and rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the USA has been documented; however, the role of bariatric surgery remains less clear. To evaluate the cross-sectional association of prior-bariatric surgery and HCC. The United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried from 2004 to 2014 for discharges with a diagnosis of morbid obesity. Primary outcomes of interest were HCC and in-hospital mortality rate. Secondary outcomes were length of stay and cost. Baseline characteristics were balanced using propensity score matching (PSM). Using Poisson and logistic regressions, adjusted HCC prevalence ratio (PR) and mortality odds ratio (OR) were derived in patients with prior-bariatric surgery compared to those without bariatric surgery. Of the 2,881,414 patients included in our study, 267,082 (9.3%) underwent bariatric surgery. From 2004 to 2014, there was a threefold increase in age-adjusted prevalence of HCC from 27 per 100,000 to 72 per 100,000 (PTrend < 0.001). After PSM, 230,956 patients with prior-bariatric surgery were matched with 230,956 patients without bariatric surgery. Prior-bariatric surgery was associated with lower prevalence of HCC (PR 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03–0.48; P < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was also lower for patients with surgery (OR 0.22; 95% CI, 0.20–0.26; P < 0.001). The occurrence of HCC added $18,840 extra cost, increased mean length of stay by 2 (95% CI; 1–3) days, and increased risk of death by 65% (aOR 1.65; 95% CI 1.18–2.29). In this nationwide study of morbidly obese patients, prior-bariatric surgery was associated with a lower prevalence of HCC and lower in-patient mortality.
Balloon Interspace Arthroplasty for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

Massive irreparable rotator cuff tears remain a difficult problem to treat in orthopaedics. The reverse shoulder arthroplasty has revolutionized how we approach patients without a functional rotator cuff, but there is a large patient population that remains unsuitable for this procedure. The subacromial interpositional balloon spacer is one of the latest techniques designed to address this challenging problem for such patients. The biodegradable spacer is designed to restore glenohumeral mechanics by reversing proximal humeral migration and providing a counterbalance to the superiorly directed force vector of the deltoid muscle. This helps to restore the fulcrum necessary for elevation of the arm. Placement of the biodegradable device is relatively quick and does not require extensive rehabilitation postoperatively. In addition, the surgery does not prohibit the patient from any future surgeries should the condition of the shoulder worsen over time. The subacromial balloon spacer has had widespread use in Europe with good success and limited complications. It is currently being evaluated for use in the United States in The Food and Drug Administration trial.
Ab Initio Predictions of Double-Layer TiO2-Terminated SrTiO3(001) Surface Reconstructions

Predicting oxide surface structures, and surface structures in general, is a significant science frontier. Herein, we demonstrate an Ising model approach combined with density-functional calculations to predict several SrTiO3(001) surface reconstructions. Constrained Ising tilings of TiO5□ truncated octahedral units are used to construct the TiO2 adlayers of SrTiO3(001) surface reconstructions with TiO2 double-layer terminations for a given periodicity and composition. This method is used to re-examine the (√5 × √5)R26.6° reconstruction and to predict several (√10 × √10)R18.4° reconstructions. The surface structures and energies of the newly predicted reconstructions, along with consideration of the previously reported (√13 × √13)R33.7°, 3 × 3, and (√2 × √2)R45.0° reconstructions, indicate that the larger, more complex TiO2 double-layer SrTiO3(001) reconstructions with lower coverages of the TiO2 adlayer are made up of recurrent structural motifs represented by smaller, simpler reconstructions with higher...
Investigation on Patient/Compensator Scatter Factor for Monitor Unit Calculation in Proton Therapy.

Abstract Purpose: It is the goal of this study to use both Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and the pencil beam dose algorithm (PBA) in the treatment planning system to investigate Patient scatter factor (PSF) and Compensator scatter factor (CSF) for calibrating the dose per monitor unit (DMU) for a passive scattering proton therapy system. Materials and Methods: PSFs and CSFs for brain, lung, pancreas, and prostate treatment sites were calculated by using MC simulation and PBA from the treatment planning software to evaluate the agreement between the two. Results: This study shows that the CSF values are always greater than 1, with some reaching nearly 4% above unity, and depending strongly on the shape of the compensator. Monte Carlo and PBA-calculated CSF factors agree very well, with average differences below 1%. PSF values calculated in this study ranged from 0.919 to 1.023 and are largely dependent on the type of tissue heterogeneities in the treatment field. Monte Carlo and PBA-calculated PSF factors sh...
Visual signal representation for fast and robust object recognition

Internal signal representation is critical for accurate perception, memory, and rapid recall in natural intelligence. In this paper we consider a model for cognitive computation that has as its base an algorithm for converting spatial signals into temporal representations. The model is motivated by vision functions but is supported by applications to concept abstraction and analogical thinking, as well as experimental comparison with the pixel intensity representation of visual images. In fact our method has demonstrated ability to defend against a well-known adversarial attack on the MNIST digits recognition. Ordinal optimization is important in achieving quickness of the algorithm.
A Novel TaqMan Assay for Detection of Rickettsia 364D, the Etiologic Agent of Pacific Coast Tick Fever.

ABSTRACT Pacific Coast tick fever is a febrile illness associated with the bite of Dermacentor occidentalis and results from an infection due to the intracellular pathogen Rickettsia 364D (also known by the proposed name “Rickettsia philipii”). Current molecular methods for the detection of this pathogen rely on the amplification of a conserved spotted fever group rickettsial gene (ompA) followed by DNA sequencing of the amplicon to identify the species. This work describes the development of a Rickettsia 364D-specific TaqMan assay to simplify and accelerate the detection and identification processes. The assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 1 genomic copy per 4-μl sample and is highly specific for Rickettsia 364D. The utility of this assay for ecological and diagnostic samples was evaluated using banked specimens collected in a single-blind manner and yielded a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 100%. In conclusion, we describe the development and evaluation of a novel TaqMan real-time PCR assay for the detection and identification of Rickettsia 364D suitable for ecological and diagnostic applications.
A Resonant CO 2 Sensor Functionalized with a Polymerized Ionic Liquid

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a commonly monitored gas; however, few commercially available sensors exist that can accurately measure CO 2 concentrations with low cost and low power consumption. This work presents initial assessments of microelectromechanical sensors based upon small-scale resonators embedded in an oscillator circuit for CO 2 gas concentration measurement. Devices were functionalized with a polymerized ionic liquid via an inkjet printing technique. An imidazolium cation functionality with a hexafluorophosphate anion chemistry (poly(1-methyl-3-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium) hexafluorophosphate [PMVBI-PF 6 ]) was added to a polystyrene backbone motif, as this combination has previously shown significant CO 2 interactions when utilized as a sorbent material for the capture of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Assessments were performed in a bench-top environmental test chamber by introducing a known amount of CO 2 balanced with nitrogen, down to 100 ppm. The oscillation frequency was measured using a custom digital logic-based frequency counter circuit implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The results show that the proposed approach, with additional development, could serve as an alternative to current commercially available CO 2 sensing technologies.
Nitrous oxide-induced demyelination: Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment recommendations

Abstract Background Recreational use of nitrous oxide (NO) in the general public has led to increasing reports of NO-induced demyelination (NOID). We describe the varying clinical presentations and pathophysiology, and offer a treatment paradigm. Methods A literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE resulted in 42 publications with 37 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, for a total of 51 patients. Our case series included 5 patients seen from 2014 to 2018 followed over 3–60 months. Results Those with sensory symptoms and subjective weakness were categorized as having “mild” symptoms (25%). Symptoms indicating involvement outside the dorsal columns such as observer-graded weakness were categorized as “moderate” (61%). Patients with the aforementioned plus cognitive effects were categorized as “severe” (12%). There was no dose-dependent relationship between the amount of NO used and clinical impairment. There was a trend between the severity of neurologic impairment and serum levels of B12. Two patients were noncompliant. One initiated only oral therapy and did not improve. One received injections a month apart and worsened. Conclusions Patients with NOID tend to have worse symptoms when presenting with lower serum vitamin B12 levels and have good recovery rates when treated with intramuscular B12 and oral supplementation.
PLK1 is required for chromosome compaction and microtubule organization in mouse oocytes.

By deleting Plk1 in mouse oocytes before meiotic resumption, we show that PLK1 is essential for the formation of condensed bivalent chromosomes, microtubule organizing center fragmentation, liquid-...
Examining variation in skeletal tuberculosis in a late pre-contact population from the eastern mountains of Peru.

Abstract Objective and materials This research evaluates the presence and chronology of tuberculosis (TB) in the northeastern highlands of Peru (CE 800–1535) through the analysis of osseous lesions from Pre-Contact Kuelap, Chachapoyas. Methods We examined macroscopic lesion morphology and distribution from the skeletal series (MNI = 207). Results We determined that skeletal evidence was highly consistent with advanced multifocal and spinal tuberculosis in 13 individuals. Destructive lesions of the lower thoracic and/or lumbar vertebra bodies and sacroiliac joints are evident in most cases, but we also observed lesions within the manubriosternal, hip, and knee joints. Both adult males (n = 7) and females (n = 6) present skeletal lesions from young adult to older adults, but there is only one late adolescent. Only three individuals demonstrate similar lesion distributions. Conclusions Variation in lesion distribution in this population-based study shows the importance of identifying extra-vertebral tuberculosis and suggests that the disease may have manifested differently than at other coastal sites. These cases confirm the presence of tuberculosis both before and after Inca occupation across this central Andean highlands region. Significance This evidence for the likely endemic presence of TB in the New World prior to European Contact furthers our understanding of the distribution of this infectious disease across the region as well as elucidating lesion distribution. Limitations The diagnosis of tuberculosis is based on skeletal lesions and it should be confirmed by molecular analysis. Future Research Additional examination of vertebral bodies (including juvenile remains) for evidence of earlier manifestations of infection.
Entropic signatures of the skyrmion lattice phase in Mn Si 1 -x Al x and Fe 1 -y Co y Si

The entropic signatures of magnetic phase transitions in the skyrmion lattice host compounds $\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{Si}}_{0.962}{\mathrm{Al}}_{0.038}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Si}$ were investigated through low field magnetization and ac susceptibility measurements. These data indicate that the conical to skyrmion transition that occurs with the application of magnetic field in $\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{Si}}_{0.962}{\mathrm{Al}}_{0.038}$ is characterized by clear discontinuity in the magnetic entropy as expected for first order topological phase transition. These same magnetoentropic features are negligibly small in isostructural ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Si}$ due to the level of chemical substitution related disorder and differences in the spin dynamics (range and timescales). Despite the obvious similarities in the magnetic structures of these two compounds, the transitions between these phases is substantially different indicating a surprising nonuniversality to the magnetic phase transitions in this class of materials.
Effect of Oblique Versus Normal Deposition on the Properties of Perpendicularly Magnetized L 1 0 FePd Thin Films

Materials such as L 1 0 Fe-based alloys with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy derived from crystal structure have the potential to deliver higher thermal stability of magnetic memory elements compared to materials whose anisotropy is derived from surfaces and interfaces. A number of processing parameters enable control of the quality and texture of L 1 0 FePd; among them are substrate, deposition temperature, pressure, and seed and buffer layer. The angle of inclination between the substrate and the sputtering target can also impact the texture of L 1 0 crystallization of sputtered FePd and magnetic properties of the derived thin films. This letter examines the difference between FePd layers that have been magnetron sputter deposited on Cr(15 nm)/Pt, Ir, or Ru(4 nm)/FePd (8 nm)/Ru(2 nm)/Ta(3 nm) substrate layers at an oblique angle (30° tilt from the sputtering target) versus normal incidence (target facing the substrate). X-ray diffraction, ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry were used to compare the degree of L 1 0 order and static and dynamic properties of films deposited under both conditions. The films grown using the oblique orientation exhibit stronger degree of L 1 0 orientation, larger magnetic anisotropy energy, and lower Gilbert damping, on all three buffer layers.
Incomplete Credit Markets and Commodity Marketing Behavior

We develop a simple theoretical model of market participation over multiple seasons in the presence of liquidity constraints and transactions costs to explain the 'sell low, buy high' puzzle wherein certain households forego opportunities for intertemporal price arbitrage through storage and are observed to sell output post-harvest at prices lower than observed prices for purchases in the subsequent lean season. We test our model with data from western Kenya using maximum likelihood estimation of a multivariate sample selection model of market participation. Access to off-farm income and credit indeed seem to influence crop sales and purchase behaviors in a manner consistent with the hypothesized patterns.
Posttraumatic stress in NICU mothers: modeling the roles of childhood trauma and infant health.

To evaluate acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms and their predictors in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) mothers. In this cross-sectional study, 119 mothers (~72% Medicaid) completed surveys during the first month of their infants’ hospitalizations. Correlations and structural equation models (SEMs) evaluated relations among mothers’ childhood trauma history, infant health appraisals, objective infant health, and ASD. ASD symptoms (~55%) and childhood trauma (~33%) were prevalent. ASD was correlated with childhood trauma, infant health, and infant health appraisals. All SEMs had good fit, indicating that (a) infant health appraisals partially mediated relations between childhood trauma and ASD, and (b) infant health appraisals fully mediated relations between objective infant health and ASD. ASD symptoms are prevalent among NICU mothers regardless of infant health severity. Recognition of childhood trauma history and appraisals of infant health is critical for trauma-informed care.
Is routine preoperative transthoracic echocardiography necessary in newborns with myelomeningocele

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is common in newborns with myelomeningocele. Echocardiography before neonatal back closure has been recommended. Its utility in the era of prenatal diagnosis is unclear. We reviewed all newborns with myelomeningocele evaluated by preoperative echocardiography at our institution over 11 years. Seventy-six successive newborns were identified. Ninety-one percent were prenatally diagnosed with myelomeningocele. In all, 1% had critical, 12% critical or non-critical and 22% critical, non-critical or possible CHD. The single case of critical CHD was both prenatally diagnosed and clinically identifiable. The prevalence of CHD in newborns with myelomeningocele is increased compared with the general population; however, critical disease is uncommon. We propose preoperative echocardiography is unnecessary when the myelomeningocele is prenatally diagnosed, antenatal cardiac screening is complete and normal, and the newborn is clinically well.
The Fourier Projection Theorem

This appendix derives a property of a two-dimensional Fourier transform that can be used to generate the projected atomic potential in two dimensions of a three-dimensional atomic potential.
Tradeoffs in the Intensional Representation of Lambda Terms

Higher-order representations of objects such as programs, specifications and proofs are important to many metaprogramming and symbolic computation tasks. Systems that support such representations often depend on the implementation of an intensional view of the terms of suitable typed lambda calculi. Refined lambda calculus notations have been proposed that can be used in realizing such implementations. There are, however, choices in the actual deployment of such notations whose practical consequences are not well understood. Towards addressing this lacuna, the impact of three specific ideas is examined:the de Bruijn representation of bound variables, the explicit encoding of substitutions in terms and the annotation of terms to indicate their independence on external abstractions. Qualitative assessments are complemented by experiments over actual computations. The empirical study is based on ?Prolog programs executed using suitable variants of a low level, abstract machine based implementation of this language.
Evolution of a Discipline: Intellectual Antecedents of African American Studies.

For the development of Negro genius, of Negro literature and art, of Negro spirit, only Negroes bound and welded together, Negroes inspired by one vast ideal, can work out in its fullness the great message we have for humanity. We cannot reverse history; we are subject to the same natural laws as other races, and if the Negro is ever to be a factor in the world's history-if among the gailycolored banners that deck the broad ramparts of civilization is to hang one uncompromising black, then it must be placed there by black hands, fashioned by black heads and hallowed by the travail of two hundred million black hearts beating in one glad song of jubilee.