cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making physical and digital games with e-textiles: a workshop for youth making responsive wearable games and controllers

Most research on game making has focused on designing digital games, as opposed to incorporating the potential for the designs of peripherals and controllers. In this paper, we illustrate how youth created wearable and physically interactive controllers by combining digital and tangible construction kits: Scratch, ModKit, the MaKey MaKey, and the Lilypad Arduino. In an eight-session workshop, 14-15-year old youth coded and created their own Scratch games and created wearable or electronic textile-based bidirectionally responsive game controllers using sensors to activate a response on the screen, through the physical artifact, or both interfaces. We analyzed students' design of game controllers, as well as post-workshop interviews, to understand how they articulated an understanding of bidirectionally responsive design and its affordances, focusing on a case study. In the discussion we address some of the insights and challenges presented through the workshop, and offer suggestions for future work.
A study of the nuclear structure of 28Si by the 28Si(p, p′)28Si reaction

Angular distributions to the ground state and 12 excited states of 28Si have been measured for the 27Al(3He, d)28Si reaction at a bombarding energy of 37.7 MeV. The 27Al(3He, 3He)27Al angular distribution was also obtained at the same energy. The angular distribution to the ground state of 28Si is characteristic of a proton transfer of lp=2 expected from the closing of the 1d52 proton shell. The next-higher excited states show angular distributions with more than one lp value contributing indicating that the (1d52)−1(2s12 or 1d32) proton particle-hole configurations are mixed. The experiments confirm that the low-lying states of 28Si are mainly of positive parity and allow tentative spin assignments to some of the states.
Theory of Non-Planar Orbits

The basic dynamics of a planar accelerator is extended to the non-planar case. This is done using the geometrical concept of torsion and extending the Hamiltonian formalism. A generalized non-planar reference orbit is adopted which introduces torsion in appropriately chosen drift spaces. The parameters of the reference orbit are associated with uncoupled and coupled betatron parameters currently in use.
Leveraging diversity by exploring intraracial discrimination in the workplace

This grounded theory study examined the impact of skin tone bias, a form of intraracial discrimination among African-Americans in the workplace. Data revealed the negative personal and workplace effects of the phenomenon. Findings suggest that there is a silencing of issues of race, power and privilege in organisations. A critical human resource development perspective is recommended in order to explore and address the systems of privilege that perpetuate inequities in the workplace.
Interference from xylem sap in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for zeatin riboside

The extent of interference from xylem sap in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was determined for a woody perennial [Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray x P deltoides Bart, ex Marsh (Hybrid 1l–ll)] and a herbaceous annual (Phasesolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender). Crude xylem sap collected from excised roots from both species interfered with the assay for zeatin riboside. Assays for zeatin riboside in xylem sap collected from Popidus overestimated endogenous levels, and added standards could not be accurately measured from a range of sap dilutions. When Phaseolus plants were grown under various nutrient regimens, interference in the assay was dependent on nutrient availability. Of xylem sap components (inorganic minerals, amino acids and sucrose) which may vary with environmental conditions or among species, only sucrose interfered at the concentrations tested. Since the pH of xylem sap varies it was necessary to buffer samples prior to analysis. Partial purification using anion exchange columns and Sep-Paks cffectively eliminated interference. These results demonstrate that estimates of plant growth regulators in xylem sap by the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay) method can be influenced by species and environmental conditions such as plant nutritional status.
Physical association of two simple alkylators to some DNA sequences

Molecular mechanics calculations have been used to determine the preferred physical association sites of the known alkylating agent dimethyl aziridinium ion (Az+) and a CH prototype test probe with B-form, tetrameric DNA sequences. Electrostatic interactions are most important in determining these preferential physical association sites. In turn, the intermolecular energy minima depend on the charge distribution assigned to the DNA sequence. However, for three reported DNA charge distributions, only two distinct sets of energy minima were obtained for the CH-like ion interacting with (G-C)4, (A-T)4, and [(G-C)·(A-T)]2 deoxyribonucleic acids. These minima correspond to physical association geometries in which the CH-like ion is near known alkylation sites. The results of the Az+ … [(G-C)·(A-T)]2 interaction are virtually identical to those found for the CH-like ion. Aqueous solvation energetics have little effect on the physical association of Az+ with [(G-C)·(A-T)]2.
Evaluation of a Single-Session Brief Motivational Enhancement Intervention for Partner Abusive Men

The current study evaluated the efficacy of a single-session brief motivational enhancement (BME) interview to increase treatment compliance and reduce recidivism rates in a sample of 82 recently adjudicated male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). Batterer intervention program attendance and completion as well as re-arrest records served as the primary outcome measures and were collected 6 months post-adjudication. Results indicated that BME was associated with increases in session attendance and treatment compliance. BME was not directly associated with reductions in recidivism. The relationship between BME and treatment compliance was moderated by readiness to change such that BME participants with low readiness to change attended more sessions and were more likely to be in compliance with the terms of a treatment than control participants with low readiness, while participants with high readiness attended sessions equally, regardless of study condition. Results indicate that outcomes may be improved through treatment efforts that consider individual differences, such as one's readiness to change, in planning interventions for IPV perpetrators.
Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Neurostimulation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), formerly termed reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), was introduced in 1994 by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). CRPS comprises two syndromes: type I, representing reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and type II referring to causalgia. The hypothesis of sympathetically maintained pain (SMP), introduced by Roberts in 1986, represents a phenomenon that may be present in both syndromes and can be confirmed, when present, by sympathetic blockade.
Effect of surface inhomogeneities on the electrical characteristics of SiC Schottky contacts

This paper reports analysis of the role of defects on the electrical characteristics of high-voltage 6H-SiC Schottky rectifiers. The measured reverse leakage current of high-voltage Ti and Pt rectifiers was found to be much higher than that predicted by thermionic emission theory and using a barrier height extracted from the C-V measurements. In this paper, a model based upon the presence of defects at the 6H-SiC/metal interface is used to explains this behavior. It is proposed that these defects result in lowering of the barrier height in the localized regions and thus, significantly affect the reverse I-V characteristics of the Schottky contacts. The presence of electrically active defects in the Schottky barrier area has been verified by EBIC studies.
The Teacher Observation Form: Revisions and Updates

This article discusses the original development and subsequent updates and revisions made to the Teacher Observation Form (TOF). The TOF is a 12-item form to be used by evaluators in the observation of teachers of gifted and talented students. After nearly 25 years of use, the original TOF was revised based on input from content experts and modified to reflect current effective standards of practices in gifted education. The revised TOF was then used on 217 occasions over a 2-year period to evaluate teachers in university-based enrichment programs. Results indicated that alpha reliability estimates increased for 9 of the 12 TOF items and that the overall rater-level effect (intraclass correlation coefficient) was comparable with that of classroom-level effects in standardized test scores. Based on these findings the authors offer the TOF as a means to provide feedback to teachers as to the prevalence of gifted education pedagogical effective practices in their classrooms.
Coherent light scattering by nanostructured collagen arrays in the caruncles of the malagasy asities (Eurylaimidae: aves)

We investigated the anatomy, nanostructure and biophysics of the structurally coloured facial caruncles of three species in a clade of birds endemic to Madagascar (Philepittinae, Eurylaimidae: Aves). Caruncle tissues of all species had reflectance spectra with prominent, peak hues between 403 and 528 nm. Dark blue Neodrepanis tissues had substantial reflectance in the near ultraviolet (320–400 nm), which is visible to birds but not to humans, providing the first evidence of ultraviolet skin colours in birds and the first indications of the possible function of ultraviolet skin colours in avian communication. These structural colours are produced by coherent scattering from arrays of parallel collagen fibres in the dermis. Tissues of Philepitta castanea were organized into hexagonal, crystal-like arrays, whereas Neodrepanis tissues were quasiordered. Predictions of the peak hues of reflectance (λ (max)) using Bragg9s law were relatively accurate, but Bragg9s law requires physical assumptions that are obviously violated by these structures. A two-dimensional discrete Fourier analysis of the spatial variation in refractive index within the tissues documented that all the tissues are substantially nanostructured at the appropriate spatial scale to scatter visible light coherently. Predicted reflectance spectra based on the two-dimensional Fourier power spectra are relatively accurate at predicting the hue and shape of the reflectance spectra of the tissues. These results confirm that the nanostructure of the collagen arrays determines the colours that are coherently scattered by these tissues. The evolution of the anatomy and nanostructure of asity caruncles is discussed.
Investigation of processing factors contributing to hemorrhagic leg syndrome in broilers.

Abstract Broiler processing trials were conducted to determine the effects of dark-conditioning, electrical stunning, picking, and femoral vein flushing on the occurrence of hemorrhagic leg syndrome (HLS). Broilers were processed using the following treatments: 1) dark-conditioning for 10 min, stunning, and killing in the dark; compared with controls processed by holding in coops, hanging, stunning, and killing in daylight; 2) electrical stunning with 100 V alternating current for 2 s compared with controls that were not stunned; 3) picking for 30 s in a rotary drum picker compared with controls that were not picked; 4) flushing the femoral vein with saline compared with controls that were not flushed. After chilling, broiler legs were scored subjectively (1, 2, or 3) for the presence and severity of HLS. Scoring was based on a three point scale with 1 = no apparent HLS, 2 = moderate HLS, and 3 = severe HLS. Results indicated that dark-conditioning, drum picking, and flushing did not significantly (P > .05) increase or decrease the incidence or severity of HLS. Electrical stunning consistently resulted in significantly (P
Analysis for Citric Acid in Presence of Casein

Summary Factors affecting citric acid determination in the presence of casein were studied with the pyridine-acetic anhydride method. Although the opalescence in skimmilk tests affected results by only 2%, the turbidity introduced by solutions of isolated casein could cause gross overestimation. A pH above 12.3 in the test aliquot assured a clear reaction mixture with both skimmilk and casein solutions. It is, therefore, recommended that test aliquots containing casein should comprise sufficient alkali to insure a clear reaction. Acid casein required seven resuspensions in fresh washing solution at pH 4.5 for complete removal of occluded citrate, lactose, and calcium. Adsorption of citric acid by casein precipitated at the iso-electric point, or with trichloroacetic acid, was demonstrated and appears to account for the lower citrate concentration in acid sera, as compared to skimmilk. These results extend the conclusions of a previous paper.
Conductive Adhesives From Low-VOC Silver Inks for Advanced Microelectronics Applications

A low-volatile organic compound, screen-printable silver ink system capable of also performing as a conductive adhesive was developed for use in advanced microelectronics. Silver flake and micron-sized spherical silver powder were used as the conductive fillers with the binder system consisting of monofunctional liquid acrylate monomers. Because of the thermoplastic nature of the cured binder system, the ink can be softened at elevated temperature even after solidification by polymerization and thus can serve as a conductive adhesive. The ink system was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, thermomechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Screen printing was carried out on both rigid FR4 substrates as well as flexible polysulfone sheets. Efficacy of this conductive adhesive was demonstrated by bonding the Ag ink to a copper radio-frequency identification antenna using an Ohashi bonder (T = 140°, P = 40 psi, t = 2 min) where resistance values <; 1 Ω were measured through the adhesive bond and shear tests showed yield strengths on the order of 10 N.
Estradiol-Testosterone Binding Interactions and Free Plasma Estradiol under Physiological Conditions

We have employed a flow dialysis technique (FDT) to describe the interactions of estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (TEBG), and albumin in undiluted, 37 C plasma with negligible disturbance of the equilibrium. The percentages of free E2 and free T were measured simultaneously, both with and without the addition of exogenous E2 and T, and were found to correlate closely in a rectangular hyperbolic relationship which closely approximated linearity in the normal range. A physical chemical model was developed to fit these data. Under these physiological conditions, we found that E2 and T binding are related in a fashion consistent with a model in which they compete for TEBG-binding sites and in which albumin is a source of unsaturable low affinity binding sites. The experimentally derived value of the TEBG association constant for E2 (KtE = 5.0 × 108 M-1) is 50% that for T (KtT = 9.8 × 108 M-1). The albumin apparent association constants for E2 and T are comparable (3.5–...
An intrinsic B cell defect is required for the production of autoantibodies in the lpr model of murine systemic autoimmunity.

Mice homozygous for the gene lpr develop marked lymphadenopathy and a spectrum of autoantibodies closely resembling that of human systemic lupus erythematosus. The unusual T cell phenotype of the expanded lymphocyte population and the T-dependence of several antibodies in this strain have suggested that primary T cell abnormalities underlie the autoimmune syndrome. Using double chimeras, we now show that expression of the lpr gene in B cells is absolutely necessary for autoantibody production. Combinations of anti-Thy 1.2 + C' treated bone marrow from congenic strains of C57BL/6 mice, differing only at the immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) and lpr loci, were transferred into lethally irradiated B6/lpr mice. Double chimerism was documented by allotype-specific surface IgD and IgM immunofluorescence assay of peripheral blood and by allotype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for total IgM in serum. Despite the presence of both +/+ and lpr B cells, IgM and IgG2a anti-chromatin as well as IgM anti-IgG were entirely the products of lpr B cells. Total serum IgG2a and IgG1 were also dominated by the lpr phenotype but not to the same extent. A similar experiment using B6/lpr-Igha recipients confirmed these findings. Additional experiments in which B6/lpr recipients were infused with ratios of donor bone marrow favoring B6.C20 +/+ over B6/lpr showed that even though +/+ B cells were overrepresented, autoantibodies were only of the lpr allotype. In addition, in the presence of lpr B cells, normal B cells showed little response to an exogenous, T cell-dependent antigen. The data thus indicate that lpr B cells manifest an intrinsic abnormality which is essential for autoantibody production in the lpr model.
Brief paper: Optimal control of a solar collector loop using a distributed-lumped model

This paper considers the optimal control of a solar collector loop described by a bilinear distributed parameter model for the collector fluid temperature and a bilinear lumped parameter model for the storage fluid temperature. The objective is to control the collector fluid velocity so as to maximize the net energy collected over a fixed time period. Necessary conditions for optimality, given by a set of equations whose solution yields the optimal control, are derived. It is shown that the optimal control is an open-loop, bang-bang control which depends on two terms: a measurable quantity which depends on the state of the collector fluid, and a quantity which depends on a future knowledge of the weather data. It is also shown that for the case in which only two switches occur during the period of operation, the optimal control depends only on the temperature difference across the collector. Thus, one can construct a feedback on/off controller for the system provided that it is known a priori that only two switches will occur during the time interval under consideration.
Compression therapy for venous disease

For centuries, compression therapy has been utilized to treat venous disease. To date it remains the mainstay of therapy, particularly in more severe forms such as venous ulceration. In addition to mechanisms of benefit, we discuss the evidence behind compression therapy, particularly hosiery, in various forms of venous disease of the lower extremities. We review compression data for stand-alone therapy, post-intervention, as DVT prevention, post-thrombotic syndrome and venous ulcer disease. We also review the data comparing compression modalities as well as the use of compression in mixed arteriovenous disease.
MOTION STUDIES OF THE LUMBAR SPINE: A Preliminary Report

1. This is a preliminary report of an attempt to determine an objective reference point or "point of motion" during flexion and extension of the lumbar spine. 2. The method described uses superimposition of lateral radiographs taken in flexion and extension with the patient standing. 3. In seventy-eight radiographically normal subjects with no symptoms a "point of motion" was determined for each of the lowest three disc levels. At each level these points clustered within a specific zone approximately 2·5 centimetres square. Sixty-four per cent fell within a square centimetre. 4. In a comparative study of twenty-four patients with confirmed pathology, the "point of motion" fell outside the larger zone at the level of pathological change in 65 per cent of the disc levels. 5. The determination of the "point of motion" is a special technique for studying spinal motion. Its role as a diagnostic and prognostic aid in assessing patients with back pain is the subject of continuing study.
Reactive molecular dynamics simulation on the disintegration of Kapton, POSS polyimide, amorphous silica, and teflon during atomic oxygen impact using the ReaxFF reactive force-field method.

Atomic oxygen (AO) is the most abundant element in the low Earth orbit (LEO). It is the result of the dissociation of molecular oxygen by ultraviolet radiation from the sun. In the LEO, it collides with the materials used on spacecraft surfaces and causes degradation of these materials. The degradation of the materials on the surface of spacecrafts at LEO has been a significant problem for a long time. Kapton polyimide, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), silica, and Teflon are the materials extensively used in spacecraft industry, and like many other materials used in spacecraft industry, AO collision degradation is an important issue in their applications on spacecrafts. To investigate the surface chemistry of these materials in exposure to space AO, a computational chemical evaluation of the Kapton polyimide, POSS, amorphous silica, and Teflon was performed in separate simulations under similar conditions. For performing these simulations, the ReaxFF reactive force-field program was used, whic...
Engineering porosity into single-crystal colloidal nanosheets using epitaxial nucleation and chalcogenide anion exchange reactions: The conversion of snse to SnTe

Single-crystal colloidal SnSe nanosheets react with a trioctylphosphine–tellurium complex to transform into porous single-crystal SnTe nanosheets with oriented nanocube protrusions. This chemical transformation reaction, which provides chemical and crystallographic guidelines for designing secondary nanostructural features into single crystal colloidal nanosheets and also results in two-dimensional nanosheets of a three-dimensionally bonded material, proceeds via a diffusion-mediated anion exchange pathway. Intermediate nanosheets reveal that SnTe nucleates with crystallographic alignment on the surface of the SnSe nanosheet, which ultimately is consumed to produce the porous SnTe nanosheet product. The anion exchange reaction is general, successfully converting a library of metal selenides and sulfides to the corresponding tellurides.
Does Dividing the Range by Four Provide an Accurate Estimate of a Standard Deviation in Family Science Research? A Teaching Editorial

ABSTRACTOccasionally, scientific reports have omitted information on standard deviations, making estimates of effect sizes very difficult to impossible. In such situations, several scholars have recommended obtaining an estimate of the standard deviation of distributions by dividing the range of the distribution (highest value minus lowest value) by four. However, there appears to be little evidence to confirm the validity of this approach. Articles from 2012 to 2015 in the journal Marriage & Family Review were surveyed to find instances where demographic variables (age, education, duration of relationship, number of children) were reported with both standard deviations and ranges. Ratios between range and standard deviations were calculated by several rules of thumb or more complex formulas and compared with the actual ratios obtained. Results indicated that dividing by five in general provided a more accurate estimate of actual standard deviations but accuracy in predicting the true ratio between range ...
Navigating the Science of Emotion

Abstract In an attempt to bring some order to this dizzying cornucopia of emotion theories, scientists have created a particular narrative framework to group theories a few broad categories. The standard narrative framework constitutes one of the largest barriers to scientific progress in the science of emotion. It conceals meaningful variation within a single category of emotion theories (eg, appraisal theories of emotion), and it obfuscates similarities across categories (eg, appraisal theories and basic emotion theories). This leaves both newcomers and scientists ill-equipped to make informed decisions about how to measure emotions. In this chapter, I offer a different narrative framework—one that provides a firmer theoretical footing with which to make more informed measurement decisions.
The Sulphur Spring Stage of the Cochise Culture and its Place in Southwestern Prehistory

ABSTRACTGeoarchaeological studies were undertaken in Whitewater Draw and around Lake Cochise in southeastern Arizona to determine the age of the Sulphur Spring stage of the Cochise culture and define its place in Southwestern prehistory. Alluvial stratigraphic studies in Whitewater Draw showed that Sulphur Spring stage artifacts occurred in deposits ranging from 8,000 to 10,000 B.P. and may even date as old as 10,400 B.P. These studies also showed that Sulphur Spring artifacts were not temporally associated with Pleistocene megafauna. Re-examination of the late Quaternary stratigraphy of Lake Cochise showed that reported Sulphur Spring stage sites were not temporally associated with the Pleistocene shoreline and were younger than first reported. The Sulphur Spring stage of the Cochise culture should be regarded as the oldest recognized Archaic manifestation in southern Arizona.
Rethinking the Arab Spring: uprisings, counterrevolution, chaos and global reverberations

AbstractThis article evaluates the aftermath of the Arab Spring through the dual optic of a regional phenomenon and a series of country narratives. These narratives are categorised by reference first to the secular states that found a path to stability after experiencing strong uprisings that drove rulers from power, second to the states in which the uprisings generated prolonged resistance and continuing acute instability, and third to the monarchies that neutralised the uprisings at their inception and restored stability. When other dimensions of conflict are taken into account, it seems likely that the Middle East will continue to experience chaos, intervention and counterrevolution for years to come, and possibly even a second cycle of uprisings directed at the evolving order.
SimSPRT-II: Monte Carlo Simulation of Sequential Probability Ratio Test Algorithms for Optimal Prognostic Performance

New prognostic AI innovations are being developed, optimized, and productized for enhancing the reliability, availability, and serviceability of enterprise servers and data centers, known as Electronic Prognostics (EP). EP prognostic innovations are now being spun off for prognostic cyber-security applications, and for Internet-of-Things (IoT) prognostic applications in the industrial sectors of manufacturing, transportation, and utilities. For these applications, the function of prognostic anomaly detection is achieved by predicting what each monitored signal "should be" via highly accurate empirical nonlinear nonparametric (NLNP) regression algorithms, and then differencing the optimal signal estimates from the real measured signals to produce "residuals". The residuals are then monitored with a Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT). The advantage of the SPRT, when tuned properly, is that it provides the earliest mathematically possible annunciation of anomalies growing into time series signals for a wide range of complex engineering applications. SimSPRT-II is a comprehensive parametric monte-carlo simulation framework for tuning, optimization, and performance evaluation of SPRT algorithms for any types of digitized time-series signals. SimSPRT-II enables users to systematically optimize SPRT performance as a multivariate function of Type-I and Type-II errors, Variance, Sampling Density, and System Disturbance Magnitude, and then quickly evaluate what we believe to be the most important overall prognostic performance metrics for real-time applications: Empirical False and Missed-alarm Probabilities (FAPs and MAPs), SPRT Tripping Frequency as a function of anomaly severity, and Overhead Compute Cost as a function of sampling density. SimSPRT-II has become a vital tool for tuning, optimization, and formal validation of SPRT based AI algorithms for applications in a broad range of engineering and security prognostic applications.
Approach to Designing a Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit

This article focuses on the systematic approach that the authors have used to develop gastrointestinal endoscopy facilities at their own institution. Topics discussed include initial steps— such as budget; type, number, and duration of procedures; and utilities—and designing the unit.
Phyllantheae– Epicephala Mutualistic Interactions on Oceanic Islands in the Pacific

Oceanic islands, and the organisms that live on them, have long served as models for the study of evolution. Formed de novo by volcanism or by the uplift of previously submerged rock, oceanic islands have never been connected to continents. They are colonized by a limited number of founding lineages that arrive via long-distance dispersal. The resulting discrete and isolated nature of these communities and the organisms within them have led oceanic islands to be used as “natural laboratories” since the time of Darwin by researchers interested in speciation (Darwin 1859; Coyne and Orr 2004; Goodman et al. 2012), adaptive radiation (Lack 1947; Carlquist 1974; Chiba 2004; Grant and Grant 2008), and community assembly (MacArthur and Wilson 1967; Gillespie 2004; Casquet et al. 2015). The utility of oceanic island biotas as models for evolutionary insights is indicated by their ongoing adoption in new areas of evolutionary ecology, such as diversification dynamics (Economo and Sarnat 2012; Bennett and O’Grady 2013), host–microbe interactions (Ort et al. 2012, O’Connor et al. 2014), and coevolutionary biology (Hembry et al. 2013a).
The Raccoon (Procyon) in the Pleistocene of North America

Three fossil forms of raccoons (Procyon priscus Leidy, 1856, P, simus Gidley, 1906, and P. nanus Simpson, 1929) are considered synonyms of P. lo tor (Linnaeus), the only species known from the Pleistocene of North America. Localities from which fossil Procyon have been reported are mapped, along with unpublished records of the genus.
Iterative solution to the optimal poison management problem in pressurized water reactors

A new method for solving the optimal poison management problem for a multiregion pressurized water reactor has been developed. The optimization objective is to maximize the end-of-cycle core excess reactivity for any given beginning-of-cycle fuel loading. The problem is treated as an optimal control problem with the region burnup and control absorber concentrations acting as the state and control variables, respectively. Constraints are placed on the power peaking, soluble boron concentration, and control absorber concentrations. The solution method consists of successive relinearizations of the system equations resulting in a sequence of nonlinear programming problems whose solutions converge to the desired optimal control solution. Application of the method to several test problems based on a simplified three-region reactor suggests a bang-bang optimal control strategy with the peak power location switching between the inner and outer regions of the core and the critical soluble boron concentration as low as possible throughout the cycle.
Anomalies of the position of the spleen in the child Case report and review of the literature from 1896 to 1990

We report on the case of a 6-year-old girl admitted as an emergency with an acute abdomen with the diagnosis of peritonitis; clinical examination under anesthesia revealed the presence of an abdomino-pelvic mass. Laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of torsion of an ectopic spleen. Splenectomy was required because the spleen was gangrenous. A review of the literature from 1896 to 1990 revealed reports of 74 cases. Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, the diagnostic and therapeutic problems are discussed.
Environmental-effects-embedded model updating method considering environmental impacts

Summary In structural health monitoring, one practical challenge is to separate the change of structural characteristics (e.g., natural frequency and mode shape) due to environmental impacts from those induced by actual damage. Generally, data-driven regression models are applied to remove the environmental impacts before model updating takes place. Model selection and training procedures are required in constructing these regression models, which are often subjective, prone to overfitting issue, and human errors. This paper proposes a novel physics-based Environmental-Effects-Embedded model updating method. By embedding physical mechanisms of environmental impacts into the formulation of the finite element model, the proposed method is capable of considering these impacts during the finite element model updating. A comparative numerical study is performed by applying both the Environmental-Effects-Embedded model updating method and traditional method on a pedestrian bridge model subjected to structural damage, temperature variation, and boundary condition change. Comparison between the proposed and traditional methods has demonstrated that the proposed method can offer more accurate results in localizing and quantifying the structural damage under environmental impacts.
Learning off the Job: Examining Part-time Entrepreneurs as Innovative Employees:

In this paper, we explain and examine how engaging in part-time entrepreneurship (creating and managing side businesses while remaining employed for wages in existing organizations) uniquely positi...
Whose advocacy counts in shaping elderly patients’ satisfaction with physicians’ care and communication?

Purpose The purpose of this article was to examine the relative importance of patients' self-advocacy and perceived physicians' advocacy for impacting patients' satisfaction in terms of physician communication and physician-patient relationship. We also examine the influence of physicians' emotional support and patients' demographic as well as health characteristics on patients' satisfaction. Sample Our sample includes interviews with 806 community dwelling older adults (mean age =77.82 years, SD=8.41). The sample included residents of a large retirement community in Clearwater, FL, USA. Respondents were also included from representative samples of older adults living in Orlando and Miami, FL, USA, and Cleveland, OH, USA. Methods and results Using multiple hierarchical regression analyses, we found that patients' age and functional limitations were negatively associated with their care satisfaction. When compared with White patients, African-American patients were less satisfied with their physicians while Latino patients expressed greater satisfaction with their medical care. We found limited evidence of patients' self-advocacy and such advocacy did not serve as a significant predictor of satisfaction with physicians. In contrast, patients' perception of physicians' readiness to act as patient advocates was a significant predictor of patients' satisfaction. Emotional support of physicians was also associated with patients' satisfaction. Conclusion These findings raise questions about consumer empowerment among older adults and underscore their desire for and appreciation of physicians' advocacy. Findings are discussed in the context of power imbalance between elderly patients and their doctors.
Has the prevalence of handicapped infants increased with improved survival of the very low birth weight infant

Several methodologic issues affect the literature on the outcomes of very low birth weight children, making assessing trends difficult. A conservative estimate is that the proportion of handicapped survivors has remained stable, and with increasing survival, the absolute numbers will increase, but many studies suggest decreasing proportions with handicap. Suggestions for improving responses to the questions are proposed.
Counterstorytelling in Concert Dance History Pedagogy: Challenging the White Dancing Body

In academia dance programs, dance forms, training models, curricula, aesthetic criteria, pedagogic approaches, faculty hires, and student enrollments all function to ascribe the White body with power over Other bodies, Other dance forms, and Other perspectives. As white property, the white dancing body becomes a means to build and maintain another hierarchical structure in academia. In dance history pedagogy, the persistent privileging of the White concert dance canon maintains this norm. Critical analysis of how the Black dancing body was diminished or omitted throughout American concert dance history forms a counter-narrative. Such analysis of dance history leads to its restoration and functions to mediate the asymmetrical power relationship of whiteness over blackness in in concert dance.
Theory in Archaeology

Archaeological theory today is a vibrant tapestry of competing approaches and agendas which mutually constrain and enable one another. Current areas of research include functionalism, behavioralism, adaptationalism, selectionism, structuralism, poststructuralism, interpretivism, Marxism, neo-Marxism, phenomenology, structuration theory, theories of practice, cognitive archaeology, and the archaeology of gender. Some of these approaches have been imported wholesale from the humanities and social and natural sciences, while others represent novel reformulations, or extensions of existing theories. Of growing concern to many archaeologists is the degree to which specific social contexts shape the practice of archaeology. These issues are particularly well illustrated in the cases of nationalist, feminist, and postcolonial archaeologies.
Probability learning in an uncertain world: How children adjust to changing contingencies

Abstract We regularly make predictions about future events, even in a world where events occur probabilistically rather than deterministically. Our environment may even be non-stationary such that the probability of an event may change suddenly or from one context to another. 4–6 year olds and adults viewed 3 boxes and guessed the location of a hidden toy. After 80 trials with one set of probabilities assigned to the 3 boxes, the spatial distribution of these probabilities was altered. Adults easily responded to this change, with participants who maximized in the first half (by choosing the most common location at a higher rate than it was presented) being the fastest at making this shift. Only the older children successfully switched to the new location, with younger children either partially switching, perseverating on their original strategy, or failing to learn the first distribution, suggesting a fundamental development in children’s response to changing probabilities.
Urologic Surgery During Pregnancy

Urologic diseases during pregnancy provide a unique diagnostic and management challenge. Physiologic changes during pregnancy affect almost every organ system and may predispose to uncommon disease processes, yet knowledge of normal physiologic changes such as ureteral dilatation especially on the right side should limit the need for evaluation. Anesthetic complications including risk of preterm labor also have an impact on the management of potential urologic surgical issues during pregnancy. During diagnostic radiographic imaging of a pregnant patient, the urologist should be aware of the impact of cumulative radiation to the mother as well as the fetus, and a careful choice has to be made between ionizing radiation and the alternatives.
The Impact of Fetal Anomalies on Contemporary Labor Patterns.

Objective To compare labor patterns in pregnancies affected by fetal anomalies to low-risk singletons. Study Design Labor data from the Consortium on Safe Labor, a multicenter retrospective study from 19 U.S. hospitals, including 98,674 low-risk singletons compared with 6,343 pregnancies with fetal anomalies were analyzed. Repeated-measures analysis constructed mean labor curves by parity, gestational age, and presence of fetal anomaly in women who reached full dilation. Interval-censored regression analysis adjusted for covariables was used to determine the median traverse times for labor progression. Results Labor curves for all groups indicated slower labor progress for patients with fetal anomalies. The most significant trends in median traverse times were observed in the preterm nulliparous and term multiparous groups. The median traverse times from 4 cm to complete dilation in the preterm nulliparous control versus anomaly groups were 5.0 and 5.4 hours (p Conclusion Labor proceeds at a slower rate in pregnancies affected by anomalies.
Novel, bilateral, two-bellied muscles span the extensor forearm, thenar eminence to insert on the proximal phalanx of the thumb: clinical and embryological significance

Muscle and tendon variations in the forearm, wrist and hand are commonly reported in the anatomical and surgical literature. They are frequently the source of inflammatory conditions such as de Quervain's tenosynovitis or carpal tunnel syndrome. During academic dissection, a cadaver presented with bilateral, additional muscles running parallel to the abductor pollicis longus muscles (APL) in the extensor compartment of the forearm. Both additional muscles had two bellies, one proximal and one distal, with an intervening tendon. The proximal bellies were separate and distinct from the adjacent APLs. The tendons traversed the first dorsal compartments with the tendons of the APLs and the extensor pollicis brevis muscles (EPB). The distal bellies lay adjacent to the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles in the thenar compartments, and inserted onto the volar base of the proximal phalanges of the thumbs. Following a thorough search of the literature, we determined that these additional muscles constitute a previously unreported variation. This report details the variation, compares it with other reported variations, presents the related embryology, and reviews the significance of this variation as it relates to inflammatory conditions and surgical procedures.
Ionized Gas in Damped Lyα Systems and Its Effects on Elemental Abundance Studies

Recent high-resolution observations of metal absorption lines in high-redshift damped Lya systems have shown that Al iii, a tracer of moderately ionized gas, very often has a velocity structure indistinguishable from that of low-ionization gas. Regions of ionized and neutral hydrogen in these systems are likely cospatial. The higher ionization Si iv and C iv absorption shows a much weaker or nonexistent correlation with the low-ionization material, implying that the regions traced by Al iii are photoionized by a soft (stellar) spectrum, by a hard (powerlaw) spectrum with a very low ionization parameter, or a combination of both. We discuss the ionization of the damped Lya systems and use photoionization equilibrium models to make quantitative estimates of its effects on abundance studies in these systems. We show that ionization effects may be large enough to account for the observed dispersion in absolute metal abundances in damped Lya systems, causing systematically higher abundances in lower column density systems. The observed Si 1 /Fe 1 and Zn 1 /Cr 1 ratios may systematically overestimate the intrinsic Si/Fe and Zn/Cr ratios, respectively, if ionized gas is present in these systems, thereby mimicking the effects of a-element enrichment or dust depletion. Subject headings: galaxies: abundances — intergalactic medium — quasars: absorption lines — radiative transfer
Models of Sigmoid Equilibrium Moisture Sorption Isotherms With and Without the Monolayer Hypothesis

Among the numerous moisture sorption models, the GAB, an expanded version of the BET equation originally derived for inert gases adsorption on solid surfaces, is the most prominent. Both models are based on distinction between the adsorbate molecules settling on the bare surface in a monolayer (Langmuir adsorption) and those settling on already absorbed molecules forming multilayers. The BET theory has been successfully used to determine porous catalysts’ and fine powders’ specific surface area to this day. In contrast, applying the BET and GAB equations to water vapor sorption by solid foods (and non-foods) has at least three major problems: The calculated food powders’ specific surface area is independent of their particle size; the expected shoulder in foods’ enthalpy vs. moisture plot is absent; and there is a huge discrepancy between the specific surface areas calculated from moisture sorption isotherms and those of nitrogen. An alternative modeling approach posits the non-existence of a water monolayer, and suggests that moisture sorption is governed by at least two simultaneous mechanisms having different scaling exponents. Mathematical analysis and comparison of the resulting sorption models with the GAB equation show that they produce practically indistinguishable moisture sorption isotherms even with the same number of adjustable parameters. They also demonstrate that the sigmoid shape of a moisture sorption isotherm does not contain enough information to identify and quantify the underlying sorption mechanisms, and that a model’s good fit by statistical criteria in itself does not validate mechanistic assumptions.
An integrative, genomic, transcriptomic and network-assisted study to identify genes associated with human cleft lip with or without cleft palate.

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is one of the most common congenital human birth defects. A combination of genetic and epidemiology studies has contributed to a better knowledge of CL/P-associated candidate genes and environmental risk factors. However, the etiology of CL/P remains not fully understood. In this study, to identify new CL/P-associated genes, we conducted an integrative analysis using our in-house network tools, dmGWAS [dense module search for Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)] and EW_dmGWAS (Edge-Weighted dmGWAS), in a combination with GWAS data, the human protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and differential gene expression profiles. A total of 87 genes were consistently detected in both European and Asian ancestries in dmGWAS. There were 31.0% (27/87) showed nominal significance with CL/P (gene-based p < 0.05), with three genes showing strong association signals, including KIAA1598, GPR183, and ZMYND11 (p < 1 × 10− 3). In EW_dmGWAS, we identified 253 and 245 module genes associated with CL/P for European ancestry and the Asian ancestry, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that these genes were involved in cell adhesion, protein localization to the plasma membrane, the regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway, and other pathological conditions. A small proportion of genes (5.1% for European ancestry; 2.4% for Asian ancestry) had prior evidence in CL/P as annotated in CleftGeneDB database. Our analysis highlighted nine novel CL/P candidate genes (BRD1, CREBBP, CSK, DNM1L, LOR, PTPN18, SND1, TGS1, and VIM) and 17 previously reported genes in the top modules. The genes identified through superimposing GWAS signals and differential gene expression profiles onto human PPI network, as well as their functional features, helped our understanding of the etiology of CL/P. Our multi-omics integrative analyses revealed nine novel candidate genes involved in CL/P.