cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic γ-actin and tropomodulin isoforms link to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers

The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) serves as the Ca2+ reservoir for muscle contraction. Tropomodulins (Tmods) cap filamentous actin (F-actin) pointed ends, bind tropomyosins (Tms), and regulate F-actin organization. In this paper, we use a genetic targeting approach to examine the effect of Tmod1 deletion on the organization of cytoplasmic γ-actin (γcyto-actin) in the SR of skeletal muscle. In wild-type muscle fibers, γcyto-actin and Tmod3 defined an SR microdomain that was distinct from another Z line–flanking SR microdomain containing Tmod1 and Tmod4. The γcyto-actin/Tmod3 microdomain contained an M line complex composed of small ankyrin 1.5 (sAnk1.5), γcyto-actin, Tmod3, Tm4, and Tm5NM1. Tmod1 deletion caused Tmod3 to leave its SR compartment, leading to mislocalization and destabilization of the Tmod3–γcyto-actin–sAnk1.5 complex. This was accompanied by SR morphological defects, impaired Ca2+ release, and an age-dependent increase in sarcomere misalignment. Thus, Tmod3 regulates SR-associated γcyto-actin architecture, mechanically stabilizes the SR via a novel cytoskeletal linkage to sAnk1.5, and maintains the alignment of adjacent myofibrils.
Characterization of the neuroprotective and toxic effects of α7 nicotinic receptor activation in PC12 cells

The α7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist DMXB protected differentiated PC12 cells from NGF+serum deprivation over a concentration range (1–10 μM) that correlated with activation of protein kinase C. Increased toxicity was observed at a higher concentration of DMXB (30 μM) that did not elevate protein kinase C activity, but did increase tyrosine protein kinase activity. Neuroprotection was blocked with the protein kinase C-inhibitor bis-indolemaleimide, while toxicity was attenuated with the tyrosine protein kinase-antagonists herbimycin and genistein. The α7-selective antagonist methyllyconitine attenuated both the protective and toxic actions of DMXB, but in temporally distinct manners. Methyllyconitine (1 μM) attenuated toxicity when added 10 s before, but not 10 s after, 30 μM DMXB. In contrast, it blocked neuroprotection when added 10 min post-agonist addition. This temporal difference in receptor-activation that was necessary for protection vs. toxicity reflected the time courses for agonist-induced desensitization of the receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes. These results indicate that α7 nicotinic receptors act through different intracellular transduction processes to protect or kill cells. Further, they suggest that the transduction processes may be differentially activated depending on the amplitude and duration of calcium signals.
Structural insights into RNA recognition and activation of RIG-I-like receptors

RIG-I like receptors (RLR) that recognize non-self RNA play critical roles in activating host innate immune pathways in response to viral infections. Not surprisingly, RLRs and their associated signaling networks are also targeted by numerous antagonists that facilitate viral pathogenesis. Although the role of RLRs in orchestrating antiviral signaling has been recognized for some time, our knowledge of the complex regulatory mechanisms that control signaling through these key molecules is incomplete. A series of recent structural studies shed new light into the structural basis for dsRNA recognition and activation of RLRs. Collectively, these studies suggest that the repression of RLRs is facilitated by a cis element that makes multiple contacts with domains within the helicase and that RNA binding initiated by the C-terminal RNA binding domain is important for ATP hydrolysis and release of the CARD domain containing signaling module from the repressed conformation. These studies also highlight potential differences between RIG-I and MDA5, two RLR members. Together with previous studies, these new results bring us a step closer to uncovering the complex regulatory process of a key protein that protects host cells from invading pathogens.
Clinical Trials in Parkinson’s Disease

I shall limit my remarks to some of the pitfalls and difficulties encountered in undertaking a clinical trial in Parkinson’s disease and offer some suggestions as to how they can be minimized. Time is insufficient to address the equally important issues of experimental design, applicable statistical methods, and interpretation of results.
M2+•EDTA Binding Affinities: A Modern Experiment in Thermodynamics for the Physical Chemistry Laboratory

Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to experimentally determine thermodynamic values for the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)(aq) + M2+(aq) reactions (M2+ = Ca2+ and Mg2+). Students showed that for reactions in a N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer (pH = 7.4), the Mg2+ + EDTA reaction was endothermic, while Ca2+ binding to EDTA was exothermic. EDTA is triply ionized at pH 7.4 and therefore must shed a proton to the buffer prior to chelating the M2+ ion; thus the observed reaction enthalpies are strongly dependent on pH and buffer ionization enthalpy.
Isn't it Ironic? The Central Paradox at the Heart of "Percentage Plans"

Percentage plans are currently in use in three of our most populous states. These plans are admissions plans that rely on a student's class rank to determine admission to a state college or university. Such plans have been the subject of much debate and commentary, most of which has centered on the question of whether percentage plans are an adequate substitute for race-conscious affirmative action. But to date, however, few have focused on a reality that lies at the core of the plans themselves: percentage plans function effectively to diversify higher education only if secondary education remains firmly racially segregated. Percentage plans are a reflection of current day educational apartheid, highlighting the fact that much of our secondary educational system is both racially segregated and profoundly unequal. When a state attempts to construct racial diversity at the college and university level out of racial segregation and inequality at the secondary level, it is obligated to address the educational disparities throughout the system of public education. Policy proposals designed to remedy entrenched harms highlighted at the heart of percentage plans are explored.
ROS-Inducing Agents for Cancer Chemotherapy

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and levels of ROS are regulated by redox enzymes and reduced factors such as glutathione. Excess levels of ROS can result in DNA and cellular damage which can contribute to development of tumors. Cancer cells exhibit increased metabolic activity and ROS levels compared to normal cells and, with threshold limits, ROS contribute to cancer cell homeostasis and growth. However, treatment of cancer cells with ROS-inducing anticancer agents exceeds the threshold for ROS and this results in activation of multiple cell death pathways which include inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and downregulation of specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, Sp4 and pro-oncogenic Sp-regulated genes. Thus, ROS-inducing drugs represent a highly effective group of mechanism-based agents for individual and combined cancer chemotherapies.
Attendance Patterns and Links to Non-Response on Child Report of Internalizing among Mexican-Americans Randomized to a Universal Preventive Intervention

We examined attendance trajectory profiles among 335 Mexican-American families participating in an 11-week universal intervention to explore if heterogeneity in attendance and thus dosage was associated with intervention response, defined as pre-to-2-year post (T2) reductions in child report of internalizing symptoms. We estimated trajectories accounting for the influence of baseline covariates, selected based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Latino family research, to understand covariate associations with trajectories. Results supported six attendance trajectory groups: non-attenders (NA), early dropouts-low internalizing (EDO-LI), early dropouts-high internalizing (EDO-HI), mid-program dropouts (MPDO), sustained attenders-low internalizing (SA-LI), and sustained attenders-high internalizing (SA-HI). All groups except EDO-HI showed significant pre-to-post change on child report of internalizing; however, trajectory groups reflecting more attendance did not have greater pre-to-post change. Nonetheless, child report of internalizing differentiated two subgroups of sustained attenders and two subgroups of early dropouts. These results suggest heterogeneity among families with similar patterns of attendance and highlight the importance of modeling this heterogeneity. Although life stress was a barrier to participation, there was minimal support for the HBM. Cultural influences, acculturation, and familism, played a more prominent role in distinguishing trajectories. As expected, the EDO-HI group was less acculturated than both sustained attender groups and reported weaker familism values than the SA-HI group. However, unexpectedly, the SA-LI group had lower familism than the EDO-LI group. The results suggest that the influence of culture on participation is nuanced and may depend on child symptomatology.
Patient Perspectives on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridium Difficile Infection.

Introduction Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a severe and increasingly frequent healthcare-associated infection that develops after disruption of the gut microbiota. Immunocompromised, hospitalized patients have an increased likelihood of acquiring CDI, leading to lengthened hospital stays, increased medical fees, and higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Treatment of CDI is challenging because of limited treatment options and a 19–20% recurrence rate. Thus, there is a need for effective, affordable and safe treatments for CDI. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the transplantation of donor stool into the intestine of a CDI patient to restore the structure and function of the gut microbiota and eradicate CDI. Recently, FMT has become an attractive alternative treatment for CDI due to its overwhelming success rate. However, the patient perspective on the effect of CDI and the role of FMT in that context is lacking.
Challenges in Rare Variant Association Studies for Complex Kidney Traits: CFHR5 and IgA Nephropathy

With the first successful genome–wide application of linkage disequilibrium mapping in 2005,[1][1] genome–wide association studies (GWASs) have now surpassed their 10th anniversary. GWASs have been applied extensively to dissect contributions of common variants to complex disease, and thousands
Cross-talk between clinical and host-response parameters of periodontitis in smokers.

Background and Objective Periodontal diseases are a major public health concern leading to tooth loss and have also been shown to be associated with several chronic systemic diseases. Smoking is a major risk factor for the development of numerous systemic diseases, as well as periodontitis. While it is clear that smokers have a significantly enhanced risk for developing periodontitis leading to tooth loss, the population varies regarding susceptibility to disease associated with smoking. This investigation focused on identifying differences in four broad sets of variables, consisting of: (i) host-response molecules; (ii) periodontal clinical parameters; (iii) antibody responses to periodontal pathogens and oral commensal bacteria; and (iv) other variables of interest, in a population of smokers with (n = 171) and without (n = 117) periodontitis. Material and Methods Bayesian network structured learning (BNSL) techniques were used to investigate potential associations and cross-talk between the four broad sets of variables. Results BNSL revealed two broad communities with markedly different topology between the populations of smokers, with and without periodontitis. Confidence of the edges in the resulting network also showed marked variations within and between the periodontitis and nonperiodontitis groups. Conclusion The results presented validated known associations and discovered new ones with minimal precedence that may warrant further investigation and novel hypothesis generation. Cross-talk between the clinical variables and antibody profiles of bacteria were especially pronounced in the case of periodontitis and were mediated by the antibody response profile to Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch (‘Q’) and The Splendid Spur (1889)

The career of Sir Arthur (Thomas) Quiller-Couch (1863–1944) was dedicated to the profession of letters, and to much else. He led one of the busiest lives of any writer of historical romances, and his career deserves to be sketched in some detail before we turn to a characteristic novel, the third in what lengthened into an extraordinary list of some thirty volumes of novels and short stories. (The Splendid Spur, published in 1889, followed Dead Man’s Rock, 1887, and the The Astonishing History of Troy Town, 1888.) ‘Q’ was prolific, clubbable, and one of the most influential dons who ever lectured at Cambridge University.
Influence of no‐tillage practices and later planting date on the pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus, in pea, Pisum sativum

The pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a periodic pest of pea, Pisum sativum L. (Fabaceae), in the Palouse region of northern Idaho and eastern Washington, USA. Previous work on-station and in commercial pea fields showed initial adult weevil colonization was greater in conventional-tillage than in no-tillage fields. Increased surface residue of no-tillage systems results in cooler soils with greater available moisture typically resulting in later planting dates for conventional-tillage fields. Cereal residue, a characteristic of the region's no-tillage systems, and planting date were investigated as potential inhibitors of adult pea leaf weevil colonization and feeding on peas via field experiments in 2005 and 2006. Plots without cereal residue and early-planted plots had greater weevil abundance. Early-planted peas had greater weevil feeding injury compared to late-planted peas. The presence of cereal residue did not significantly impact injury levels. A laboratory choice-test with peas grown in conventional-tillage and no-tillage fields indicated greater adult weevil feeding damage on conventional-tillage-grown peas. A separate laboratory choice-test using peas planted 10 days apart demonstrated greater adult weevil feeding injury on early-planted peas. However, adjusting for available leaf edge resulted in no differences between treatments in either choice test, indicating crop availability and plant apparency during peak weevil colonization rather than plant factors resulting from growing conditions likely explain greater injury on peas planted early and under conventional-tillage in the field.
The Interplay between Solvent Loss and Thermal Cyclization in LARC-TPI

Isothermal reaction kinetics are reported for the thermal cyclization of the poly(amide-acid) based on benzophenone tetra-carboxylic acid dianhydride reacted with 3,3′-diaminobenzophenone. Isothermal solvent loss kinetics are also reported. The data suggest a strong interdependence between the rate of imidation and the rate of solvent loss. Additional reactions may occur for isothermal reaction temperatures above about 180°C. Infrared analysis showed the presence of moisture even at elevated temperatures; hence, hydrolysis is one possible side reaction. Infrared spectra of films exposed to elevated temperatures further suggest that complete solvent removal is difficult. The infrared band assignments are proposed. The kinetic data were fitted to a modified absolute reaction rate theory equation where the time dependence of the reaction rate constant may be explained by entropic changes which follow a continuous function of time. The reaction kinetics yielded reasonable values for the frequency of vibration of the activated complex transition state and the activation energy. Low values for the activation entropy may be explained by solvent effects. The solvent loss kinetic model yields an estimate of the polymer-solvent interactions.
Off-Topic: A New Interpretation of Weak-Kleene Logic

This paper offers a new and very simple alternative to Bochvar's well known nonsense -- or meaninglessness -- interpretation of Weak Kleene logic. To help orient discussion I begin by reviewing the familiar Strong Kleene logic and its standard interpretation; I then review Weak Kleene logic and the standard (viz., Bochvar) interpretation. While I note a common worry about the Bochvar interpretation my aim is only to give an alternative -- and I think very elegant -- interpretation, not necessarily a replacement.
P-241 Foundation doctors experiences of discussing cpr

Background Appropriate, anticipatory cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) discussions and decisions are now an integral part of good clinical practice, and have been shown to reduce futile treatment and end-of-life distress. CPR decisions have been established to rest with the most senior clinician, yet our hospital experience suggests that even the most junior of doctors can be involved in this process. For doctors in training this can represent one of the most difficult ethico-legal challenges they face, with reports of lack of confidence and formal teaching. Aims The aim of the study was to explore our most junior doctors’ – ‘foundation doctors’ – experiences of discussing CPR with hospital in-patients and their relatives; to identify any training needs, and if required design and deliver an appropriate training intervention. Methods An electronic survey using a semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to 118 foundation doctors working in East Kent University Hospital Foundation Trust. Simple percentage analysis of results was undertaken. Results Response rate to the questionnaire was 45%. The majority of respondents did have experience of discussing CPR with patients/relatives, with 69% [31/45] reporting initiating such a discussion. A third of these doctors felt inadequately prepared for such discussions [‘not prepared’ or only ‘a little prepared’]. Many found the discussion difficult [34/40] and nearly half [18/40] found it distressing to some degree. Only a minority [6/45] reported having received formal postgraduate teaching on conducting CPR discussions, and most respondents [39/45] reported a need for further training. Conclusion The majority of foundation doctors in this study had been involved in conversations about CPR. A significant number felt inadequately prepared for the task and the majority identified specific teaching and training needs. The investigators have collaborated to design an educational initiative for local foundation doctors based on identified needs which is currently being piloted.
Long-distance spin transport in a disordered magnetic insulator

A demonstration of long-distance spin transport through an amorphous magnetic insulator shows that magnetic order is not required, and may not even be desirable, in materials for magnonic and spintronic applications.
Fractal Perfect Hash Families (Extended Abstract)

Abstract Constructions of perfect hash families ( PHF s) are developed in which the number of rows is less than the strength, using a method due to Blackburn. The constructions use coverings of strength d along with a restricted class of perfect hash families, called fractal PHF s. Constructions for fractal PHF s are given, and applications to the construction of PHF s of large strengths are developed.
Progress in ground-source heat pumps using natural refrigerants

Abstract Natural refrigerants are attractive candidates for replacing the high Global-Warming-Potential fluorinated refrigerants used in ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs). This paper presents a comprehensive survey on GSHPs using CO2, NH3, water, and hydrocarbons. We compared the refrigerants’ thermodynamic properties, analyzed their performance in brine-to-air and brine-to-water GSHPs, and discussed recent progress in their use in GSHPs. Studies of CO2 were the most common due to its favorable properties, covering advanced cycles, direct-expansion, secondary fluid, and hybrid GSHPs. Though with toxicity concerns, NH3 was the second most studied, including vapor-compression GSHPs for heating, absorption-type GSHPs to eliminate ground imbalance, and hybrid compression-absorption GSHPs to widen the operating temperature range. A few studies evaluated water as a refrigerant for absorption-type GSHPs, including applications for solar cooling, ground imbalance, and district heating. Propane was the only hydrocarbon considered for GSHPs, including analyses on refrigerant charge, performance analysis, and propane as a secondary fluid.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Gentamicin in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Background:Gentamicin pharmacokinetics may be altered in pediatric patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Description of gentamicin pharmacokinetics and relevant variables can improve dosing.Methods:A retrospective population pharmacokinetic study was designed, and pediatric
Lysenko, T. D./Lysenkoism

Trofim Denisovich Lysenko (1898–1976) was prominent in the study of heredity in the Soviet Union, and a major political force in Soviet science under Joseph Stalin (from about 1934 to 1965). He believed in the mechanisms of heredity that denied the primary importance of genes and mutations, and supported research predicated on his beliefs about the influence of environment on heredity. These theories were supported by Marxist–Leninist philosophy and Lysenko rose to powerful political positions in the Soviet government where he dominated the direction of Soviet genetic research for several crucial decades. His particular doctrine was termed ‘agrobiology’ or ‘Michurinism’, after a Russian agronomist, and which in the West came to be known as ‘Lysenkoism’.
Examining Turnover in Open Source Software Projects Using Logistic Hierarchical Linear Modeling Approach

Developer turnover in open source software projects is a critical and insufficiently researched problem. Previous research has focused on understanding the developer motivations to contribute using either the individual developer perspective or the project perspective. In this exploratory study we argue that because the developers are embedded in projects it is imperative to include both perspectives. We analyze turnover in open source software projects by including both individual developer level factors, as well as project specific factors. Using the Logistic Hierarchical Linear Modeling approach allows us to empirically examine the factors influencing developer turnover and also how these factors differ among developers and projects.
Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Criegee-amine chemistry in the gas phase and aqueous surface environments

There is now an evolving body of evidence suggesting that high molecular weight oligomers from the ozonolysis of alkenes play an important role in new particle formation in the atmosphere. Using high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics (BOMD) simulations, we suggest that the reactions of anti-substituted Criegee intermediates with amine, especially dimethylamine, could lead to oligomers, which may comprise an unexplored fraction of organic nitrogen-based aerosols in urban polluted environments. The quantum chemical calculations suggest that the barrier for a given Criegee-amine reaction in the gas phase decreases with increase in methyl substitution on the amine to such an extent that the dimethylamine reactions of CH2OO and anti-CH3CHOO occur barrierlessly. The BOMD simulation results suggest that at the air–water interface, which represents a unique reaction medium in the atmosphere, the anti-CH3CHOO–methylamine reaction occurs via multiple mechanisms, which are distinctly different from that in the gas phase. An important implication of these results is that the Criegee-amine chemistries may account for an appreciable fraction of aerosol particles in California's central valley, New York City and Paris areas where significant amounts of nitrogen-based aerosol particles have been detected, but their precise details are still not well understood. Alternatively, these chemistries could also serve as a potential source of the hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide under tropospheric conditions.
Determination of the Minimal Important Change in the Life‐Space Assessment

Background/objectives The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Life-Space Assessment (LSA) is a widely used measure of community mobility. To assist clinicians and researchers with assessing the significance of changes in scores, we determined the minimal important change associated with a change in health status. Setting Homes of community-dwelling older adults. Participants A total of 419 African American and non-Hispanic white adults 75 years and older participating in the UAB Study of Aging II, a longitudinal epidemiological study across the state of Alabama. Intervention None. Measurements Linear mixed models were used to compare change in LSA scores over 1-month intervals (N = 9712) between participants reporting improvement, no change, or decline in activities of daily living walking scores, accounting for the correlation among scores for the same participant over time. Results A decline in walking status was associated with a mean decrease in LSA scores of 2.93 points (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.69-4.17 points), indicating lower mobility. An improvement in walking status was associated with a mean increase in LSA scores of 2.51 points (95% CI = 1.26-3.77 points), indicating higher mobility. Conclusion A change in LSA scores of five or more is clinically important, exceeding the 95% CI for the change in LSA associated with change in walking status. Changes exceeding this threshold should prompt further investigation by providers with a goal of preserving mobility. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:565-569, 2019.
RIGHT ATRIAL STRAIN ADDS PROGNOSTIC USEFULNESS TO RIGHT VENTRICULAR STRAIN IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction assessed by RV strain imaging is a new marker for prognosis in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The objective was to test the hypothesis that right atrial (RA) strain has additive prognostic value. We studied 153 patients with pre-capillary PH, aged 55±
GenVote: Blockchain-Based Customizable and Secure Voting Platform.

Electronic voting has been popularized in recent years as an alternative to traditional voting. Even though electronic voting addresses the problems that traditional voting brings, it is not a perfect solution. Electronic voting brings its own set of concerns which include: election fraud, voter privacy, data integrity, and confidentiality. To ensure fairness in electronic voting, a centralized system is required and the complete process has to be overseen by an authority. Due to these requirements it can be very expensive to roll-out on a large scale during every voting period. Blockchain, the distributed data structure popularized by Bitcoin, can be integrated into electronic voting systems to alleviate some the problems involved with them while being cost-effective. With the use of blockchain, we propose a voting system that is easily accessible, customizable, transparent, and in-expensive. GenVote is a distributed electronic voting system that utilizes Ethereum Blockchain, smart contracts, and homomorphic encryption to achieve a transparent voting process with non-authority based tallying and voter privacy. GenVote also allows the ballot creation and voting process to be customizable with different types of ballots and logic based voting. GenVote is currently a viable solution for university-scaled elections and has been deployed on Ethereum Ropsten testing network to evaluate its viability and scalability as an electronic voting system.
Sector-Specific Shocks and the Expenditure Elasticity Channel During the COVID-19 Crisis

The COVID-19 economic crisis differs from past recessions in terms of the sectors and occupations that are being hit first. In this paper we propose a model with sectoral and occupational heterogeneity and non-homothetic preferences over sectors. That is, households' consumption bundles depend on income and they cut consumption on high income-elastic sectors when labor income falls. We first document that contact intensive occupations are concentrated in just a few, high-income-elasticity sectors. By contrast, production/manufacturing occupations are distributed widely across sectors. We then compare a COVID-19 type shock affecting service sectors first to a more ``standard" recession affecting manufacturing in our model calibrated to match the U.S. economy. Our main result is that the increase in labor income inequality in the COVID-19 recession is one and a half times the increase in a normal recession due to the fact that contact intensive service workers are low income and work mainly in high income-elasticity sectors.
Treating the Emergency: Acute Trauma

Humans have an acute physiological and psychological response to trauma that includes emotional, cognitive, physical, and interpersonal reactions. The holy grail of trauma treatment has been the attempt to find an acute treatment for trauma that might alter or block this response so that traumatized individuals will not go on to develop PTSD. The approach in longest use with the most evidence supporting its use is crisis intervention based on proximity, immediacy, and expectancy (PIE). Despite a long history of use, medications used to acutely treat psychological trauma are best characterized as to their negative effects. Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) is the most widely used form of psychological debriefing and treatment in the acute situation of trauma. Psychological first aid (PFA) is a widely used approach to acute trauma based on the creation of an environment in which a helpful, empathetic, nonintrusive, and informative human presence is made available. This approach has been extended to include additional components of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). None of these approaches, however, have been demonstrated to empirically reduce the development of PTSD in the treated individual. In the situation of acute trauma, relief workers, first responders, medics, and other caregivers are at risk for developing PTSD.
Accuracy of Automated Machine Learning Software in Identifying EEGs with Prolonged Seizures (5025)

Objective: To demonstrate that combining automatic processing of EEG data using high performance machine learning algorithms with manual review by expert annotators can quickly identify subjects with prolonged seizures. Background: Prolonged seizures are markers of seizure severity, risk of transformation into status epilepticus, and medical morbidity. Early recognition of prolonged seizures permits intervention and reduces morbidity. Design/Methods: We triaged the TUH EEG Corpus, an open source database of EEGs, by running a state-of-the-art hybrid LSTM-based deep learning system. Then, we postprocessed the output to identify high confidence hypotheses for seizures that were greater than three minutes in duration. Results: The triaging method selected 25 subjects for further review. 17 subjects had seizures; only 5 met criteria for seizures greater than 3 minutes. 11 subjects did not have a prior diagnosis of epilepsy. Among these, 63% had acute respiratory failure and 36% had cardiac arrest leading to seizures secondary to anoxic brain injury. 18 (72%) EEGs were obtained in long-term monitoring (LTM), 1 (4%) in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU), and 6 (24%) as a routine EEG (rEEG). 72.2% of seizures in LTM were identified correctly versus 66.7% in rEEGs. Of the 9 subjects who were deceased, 7 (78%) had been on LTM. The seizure detection algorithm misidentified seizures in 7 subjects (28%). A total of 22 (88%) subjects had some ictal pattern. Patterns mistaken for seizure activity included muscle artifact, generalized periodic discharges, generalized spike-and-wave, triphasic waves, and interestingly, an EEG recording captured during CPR. Conclusions: This hybrid approach, which combines state-of-the-art machine learning seizure detection software with human annotation, successfully identified prolonged seizures in 72% of subjects; 88% had ictal patterns. Prolonged seizures were more common in LTM subjects than the EMU and were associated with acute cardiac or pulmonary insult. Disclosure: Dr. Lin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marquez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jacobson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Castaldi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Buckland has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Picone has nothing to disclose.
Internalized transphobia, nondisclosure of gender identity, and life satisfaction among transgender and non-binary adults: The moderating roles of psychological flexibility and inflexibility

Abstract Transgender and non-binary (TGNB) individuals report higher rates of psychological difficulties and lower levels of life satisfaction compared to the general population. Minority-related stressors are associated with poorer mental health and life satisfaction among TGNB individuals. The aim of the current study was to examine whether psychological flexibility and inflexibility moderated the relationship between two TGNB-related stressors (i.e., internalized transphobia and nondisclosure of gender identity) and life satisfaction. Participants were recruited via advertisements on social media websites (e.g., Facebook), Reddit, and organizations serving TGNB individuals and 402 participants were included in the statistical analyses. Results showed that both psychological flexibility and inflexibility moderated the relationship between 1) internalized transphobia and life satisfaction and 2) nondisclosure of gender identity and life satisfaction. The current study highlights the need to continue to examine these variables, as well as, investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions that target psychological flexibility and inflexibility on mental health and life satisfaction for TGNB populations.
Direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional surface instability patterns in thin film-compliant substrate structures.

A comprehensive numerical study of three-dimensional surface instability patterns is presented. The formation of wrinkles is a consequence of deformation instability when a thin film, bonded to a compliant substrate, is subject to in-plane compressive loading. We apply a recently developed computational approach to directly simulate complex surface wrinkling from pre-instability to post-instability in a straightforward manner, covering the entire biaxial loading spectrum from pure uniaxial to pure equi-biaxial compression. The simulations use embedded imperfections with perturbed material properties at the film-substrate interface. This approach not only triggers the first bifurcation mode but also activates subsequent post-buckling states, thus capable of predicting the temporal evolution of wrinkle patterns in one simulation run. The state of biaxiality is found to influence the surface pattern significantly, and each bifurcation mode can be traced back to certain abrupt changes in the overall load–displacement response. Our systematic study reveals how the loading condition dictates the formation of various instability modes including one-dimensional (1D) sinusoidal wrinkles, herringbone, labyrinth, and checkerboard.
Evaluating predictive factors for toxicities experienced by head & neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate if HPV status serves as an independent predictor of early and late dysphagia outcomes when considered alongside standard patient characteristics and dose metrics for head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Methods and materials The age, sex, smoking history, cancer type (oropharyngeal vs non-oropharyngeal), HPV status, and early and late dysphagia outcomes were obtained for 99 retrospective head and neck cancer patients treated at our clinic with radiotherapy. Additionally for each patient, the mean radiation dose to the pharynx, superior/middle/inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles, and cricopharyngeus was calculated. The predictive power of these clinical characteristics and radiation metrics was evaluated using chi-square tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. Then multi-variate logistic models were built for each outcome using a single dose metric at a time, and either HPV status, cancer type, or both. Multi-variate models were built using both top-down and bottom-up technique to establish the most predictive independent covariates. Results In the univariate analysis for early dysphagia, cancer type (p = 0.04) and four dose metrics (p ≤ 0.02) were significantly associated with outcome, while for late dysphagia, only cancer type (p = 0.04) was associated with outcome. In the multivariate analysis for early dysphagia, cancer type, smoking history, and mean dose to the five structures were consistently selected as covariates. For late dysphagia, either HPV status or cancer type was selected in each model and the mean dose to the cricopharyngeus was selected in one model. Conclusion While HPV is a known contributing factor for tumor prognosis in oropharyngeal cancers, its role in normal tissue toxicities for head and neck cancers has not previously been evaluated. Our results indicate having an oropharyngeal cancer may increase a patient's risk of high-grade early and late dysphagia while HPV status was seldom selected.
Prognostic factors in the management of pediatric subglottic stenosis.

Abstract Objective We report outcomes of endoscopic interventions in the management of pediatric subglottic stenosis (SGS), and factors that lead to open airway reconstruction. Methods A retrospective cohort review of all pediatric patients with SGS, treated by a single surgeon, at a tertiary academic medical center from 2012 to 2020 was conducted. Variables recorded included patient demographics, initial grade of stenosis, gestational age, length of intubation, comorbidities as well as total number of interventions. Results A total of 47 patients were included in the study, of which 51% (n = 24) were female. Laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) was performed in 49% (n = 23) of patients. Decannulation was achieved in 25 of 32 tracheostomized patients. Fifteen patients did not have tracheostomy. There was a significant difference in gestational age (28.7 ± 5.36 vs 33.2 ± 6.13), initial grade of stenosis (2.3 ± 0.82 vs 1.6 ± 0.88), and total number of interventions (5.7 ± 2.8 vs 2.3 ± 1.5) when stratifying patients proceeding to LTR versus not (p Conclusion Subglottic stenosis is a challenging condition to treat, often requiring multiple interventions including LTR. We propose a set of risk factors that may assist in the treatment of SGS patients with certain comorbidities to minimize interventions and maximize outcomes.
The connotations of gender: A semantic differential study of German and Spanish

AbstractThe present study investigated whether grammatical gender carries connotative meanings of masculinity and femininity. Native German and native Spanish speakers judged nonsense words which were marked with gender specific definite articles. The study used semantic differential methodology and language specific semantic differential scales. As predicted by Ervin's (1962) study with native Italian speakers, German speakers judged nonsense words with the masculine article der significantly higher in potency than nonsense words with the feminine article die. However, Spanish speakers did not judge nonsense words with the masculine article el or the feminine article la differently. The results are discussed in relation to differences in the gender systems of the two languages. Implications for sexism in language are noted.
Impact of Shortening International Product Life Cycle

The changing product life-cycle is having a significant effect on successful international business planning. Strategic planning that correctly predicts the life-cycle of the products of a business has the potential to be much more effective than planning that does not The forces that are causing a general shortening of the product life-cycle, from both the global and domestic points of view, are examined. In the past, many companies in differing industries sold their products in their home country until the market was saturated. At that point, the company branched into other countries to gain new customers. Eventually, production was begun in the new market. This process was carried out in a slow manner, often one country at a time. The practicality of this strategy, in general, has been lessening as product life-cycles have been shrinking. An alternative strategy of simultaneous penetration of multiple markets in conjunction with a dispersed global strategy is proposed. The strengths and drawbacks of such a strategy are discussed.
Stability of Cellular Cofferdams Against Vertical Shear

The concept of failure of cellular cofferdams by sliding along vertical planes (vertical shear) is examined in detail. The Terzaghi and Krynine approaches to evaluating stabiltiy against vertical shear lead to conclusions that are shown to be contrary to engineering expectations and philosophically difficult to accept. No reasonable failure mechanism that permits sliding along vertical planes is uncovered in the examination. It is suggested that if a measure of stability against failure by vertical shear is desired then the cellular cofferdam should be assumed to fail in simple shear. Failure by simple shear implies a near-vertical failure surface and a ratio of horizontal to vertical stress of unity. However, it is also suggested that it may be better to ignore vertical shear entirely and to validate, with a view to adopting, design procedures proposed by Hansen.
LPS induces altered phosphate labeling of proteins in murine peritoneal macrophages

Covalent modification of proteins via phosphorylation is a well-documented mechanism whereby intracellular events are controlled by external stimuli. Treatment of thioglycollate-elicited, C57Bl/6 murine peritoneal macrophages with nanogram quantities of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) consistently results in altered 32Pi labeling of a specific set of proteins (e.g., proteins of 67, 37, 33, and 28 kD), as measured by autoradiography after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Induction of this pattern of phosphorylation is duplicated by the lipid A moiety of LPS. The LPS-stimulated changes in phosphate labeling are both dose- and time-dependent. Of various pharmacologic agents tested, the phosphorylation pattern induced in macrophages by the tumor promoter phorbol myristic acetate shows similarity to the pattern induced by LPS. Analysis of pp 28 and pp 37 from both LPS- and PMA-treated macrophages by limited proteolysis demonstrates that these phosphoproteins are structurally related and that the sites of phosphorylation are similar for both treatment conditions. Macrophages from the genetically LPS-unresponsive C3H/HeJ strain show no alteration in their pattern of phosphorylation after treatment with LPS. Control macrophages, from C3H/HeN mice, respond to LPS in a fashion identical to that seen in C57Bl/6 macrophages. Pretreatment of macrophages with IFN-gamma potentiates the effect of LPS (i.e., yields a level of altered phosphate labeling greater than that observed with LPS or PMA alone). Together, the data indicate that LPS causes altered phosphate labeling of a defined set of proteins, and that the circumstances of this response are consistent with a possible role in coupling LPS-initiated signals to the induction of functional competence in macrophages.
Chapter 8 Influence of Nonlamellar-Forming Lipids on Rhodopsin

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes evidence obtained during the 1980s and 1990s that suggests an important role of membrane lipids in the visual process. Bulk material properties of the lipid bilayer, as distinguished from chemically specific lipid-protein interactions, appear to modulate conformational transitions of rhodopsin linked to visual excitation. The presence of nonlamellar-forming lipids in rhodopsin-containing membranes is associated with curvature elastic stress, on account of their proximity to a L,-HII phase boundary. The chapter discusses a flexible surface model based on the Helfrich formulation of the bending energy as a unifying conceptual framework. The curvature free energy concept has proven very useful in interpreting the microstructures and phase behavior of aqueous surfactant and lipid systems. In the planar lamellar phase of membrane bilayers, the curvature free energy due to the presence of nonlamellar-forming lipids is frustrated by the chain stretching energy.
Farm and Weather Summary, Central Iowa Farms

Farm Comments The Central Iowa Farms consist of farmland in Story, Boone, and Polk counties. There are 1,963 acres farmed by local farmers as custom operators. These acres are used for large-scale research, silage production, crop rotation, and manure application. There also are 157 acres of small-scale plots. The student-managed Ag 450 Farm rents a total of 388 acres, of which 103 acres are 50/50 share cropped. The studentoperated organic farm uses 5 acres. A tour was given at the dairy farm compost pad to officials from the Iowa DNR, the Iowa Turkey Federation, and ISU.
Barrier Resonances and Chemical Reactivity

We survey the phenomenology of broad and overlapping resonances in the scattering theory of molecular collisions. We first discuss examples of resonances encountered in molecular collisions that are not described by the well known isolated narrow resonance formulae; nevertheless certain regularities are observed. We emphasize (i) the relationship between the total resonance width and the sum of the partial widths and (ii) the comparison of trapped-state resonances to barrier resonances, especially from the point of view of the change in background (direct) scattering over the width of the resonance. We then focus on quantal scattering by one-dimensional potential energy functions to provide further insight into the nature of barrier resonances, which are also called transition states. In studies of symmetric and unsymmetric potential functions, we show that reaction thresholds associated with barriers are associated with poles of the scattering matrix; i.e., chemical reaction thresholds are resonances. As the parameters of the potential function are varied, we follow the“trajectory” of the poles in the complex energy plane and examine the connection between barrier resonances and conventional resonances associated with wells between barriers. Resonances are further characterized by considering the relationship between the resonance width and the reactive delay time.
Formalization of the DE2 language

We formalized the DE2 hierarchical, occurrence-oriented finite state machine (FSM) language, and have developed a proof theory allowing the mechanical verification of FSM descriptions. Using the ACL2 functional logic, we have defined a predicate for detecting the well-formedness of DE2 expressions. Furthermore, we have defined a symbolic simulator for DE2 expressions which also serves as a formal cycle-based semantics for the DE2 language. DE2 is deeply embedded within ACL2, and the DE2 language includes an annotation facility that can be used by programs that manipulate DE2 descriptions. The DE2 user may also specify and prove the correctness of programs that generate DE2 descriptions. We have used DE2 to mechanically verify components of the TRIPS microprocessor implementation.