cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microsatellite instability in colitis associated colorectal cancer

See article on page 367 As molecular pathways of colon carcinogenesis continue to be defined for high risk hereditary colon cancer syndromes and for average risk sporadic colon cancers, it seems that colon carcinogenesis in the setting of chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be unique.1 Although to some extent this notion seems intuitive because of the substrate of chronic inflammation from which these cancers arise, it is nevertheless curious that despite the setting of chronic inflammation, colon cancers occurring in patients with colitis share several features in common with those that arise in patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). For example, in both conditions there is a tendency for the colorectal cancers to affect young individuals, be multifocal, show a proximal colonic distribution, and display mucinous, signet-ring cell or undifferentiated histology. In addition, HNPCC colorectal cancers often have a rim of surrounding inflammation, referred to as a Crohn's-like reaction. These clinicopathological similarities have prompted some investigators to explore whether colitis associated cancers might in fact share a common molecular pathogenesis with HNPCC colorectal cancers. Colorectal cancers in patients with HNPCC occur by virtue of a defective ability to repair DNA base pair mismatches. This results in DNA replication errors that have the net effect of altering genes that are critical for maintaining normal growth and behaviour of colonic …
Predicting persons' versus a person's goodness: behavioral forecasts diverge for individuals versus populations.

Behavioral forecasts of individuals ("How likely is it a randomly selected person will...") and behavioral forecasts of populations ("What percentage of people will...") are often used interchangeably. However, 6 studies showed that behavioral forecasts of individuals and populations systematically differ. In judgments of morally relevant behaviors, forecasters estimated that a randomly selected individual (e.g., a student) would act more selflessly (e.g., give to charity) than would the population from which the individual was drawn (e.g., the student body). The studies provided consistent support for 1 of 5 possible explanations for the effect, a differential sensitivity to constraints hypothesis. When considering how an individual will behave, people give weight to an individual-level force on behavior: what an individual's moral conscience would lead one to do. When considering a population, forecasters give more emphasis to a group-level force on behavior: social norms and pressures. A final study extended the differential sensitivity to constraints account to forecasts of non-morally relevant behaviors. Individuals were forecast as more likely than populations to perform behaviors that emerge primarily because of an individual-level force--a person's will--but not behaviors that are encouraged by social norms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Ethyl pyruvate improves survival in awake hemorrhage

Classical experimental models of hemorrhage are characterized by the use of anesthetics that may interfere with the typical immune responses and pathology of hemorrhage/resuscitation. Thus, therapeutic strategies successful in anesthetized animals might not be beneficial in clinical trials. In this study, we analyzed whether ethyl pyruvate could provide therapeutic benefits during resuscitation in awake (unanesthetized) hemorrhage. Our results indicate that hemorrhage in unanesthetized animals required approximately 25% higher blood withdrawal than anesthetized animals to achieve the same targeted mean arterial blood pressure. Resuscitation with Hextend reestablished circulatory volume and improved survival during resuscitation of awake rodents. Yet, over 75% of the animals resuscitated with Hextend died within the first hours after hemorrhage. Resuscitation with Hextend containing 50 mM ethyl pyruvate protected over 87% of the animals. This survival benefit did not correlate with significant changes in the metabolic markers but with an anti-inflammatory potential during resuscitation. Unlike classical hemorrhage in anesthetized animals, ethyl pyruvate reestablished mean arterial blood pressure significantly earlier than Hextend in unanesthetized rodents. Unanesthetized animals showed twofold higher serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α than anesthetized animals subjected to the same blood pressure. This process was not due to the response of a single organ, but affected all the analyzed organs including the lung, heart, spleen, and liver. Although resuscitation with Hextend failed to attenuate systemic TNF-α levels, it inhibited TNF-α levels in the lung, heart, and liver but not in the spleen. Unlike Hextend, resuscitation with ethyl pyruvate prevented high serum TNF-α levels and blunted TNF-α responses in all the organs including the spleen. These studies indicate that the inflammatory responses in anesthetized animals differ from that in unanesthetized animals and that awake hemorrhage can provide advantages in the study of anti-inflammatory strategies during resuscitation. Ethyl pyruvate may attenuate systemic inflammatory responses during resuscitation and improve survival in experimental models of awake hemorrhage.
Seeing Sets: Representation by Statistical Properties

Sets of similar objects are common occurrences—a crowd of people, a bunch of bananas, a copse of trees, a shelf of books, a line of cars. Each item in the set may be distinct, highly visible, and discriminable. But when we look away from the set, what information do we have? The current article starts to address this question by introducing the idea of a set representation. This idea was tested using two new paradigms: mean discrimination and member identification. Three experiments using sets of different-sized spots showed that observers know a set's mean quite accurately but know little about the individual items, except their range. Taken together, these results suggest that the visual system represents the overall statistical, and not individual, properties of sets.
Concepts of Setwise Dependence

This paper motivates and introduces a number of new concepts of positive dependence among sets of random variables. In particular, setwise positive upper (and lower) orthant dependence, setwise association, and other related concepts are studied and their relationships are explored. These new concepts are applied to various multivariate normal distributions, some of which have both positive and negative covariances. A variety of new and interesting inequalities are also obtained.
An investigation of Kaufman's method for determining scatter on the WISC-R

Abstract Kaufman's procedures ( Journal of Learning Disabilities, 9 , 160–168, 1976) for determining intersubtest scatter on the WISC-R were investigated by means of J. M. Sattler's revised tables ( Assessment of children's intelligence and special abilities (2nd ed.), Boston, Allyn and Bacon, 1982) for determining significant subtest fluctuations. Data from the standardization sample were analyzed and new normative tables for interpreting subtest scatter were produced. The results indicated that Sattler's revised tables yielded more conservative estimates of subtest scatter than those originally reported by Kaufman. McNemar chi squares indicated that, in almost every instance, a significant number of subtests switched from being significantly discrepant by Kaufman's ±3 criterion to nonsignificant by Sattler's revised values. It was concluded that Kaufman's ±3 rule of thumb is no longer defensible on any reasonable statistical grounds and that the clinician should utilize Sattler's revised table of critical values when determining whether a subtest deviates significantly from the mean Verbal or Performance scaled score. The normative tables generated in the present study should be consulted when assessing whether the overall amount of scatter observed in a particular child's profile represents “unusual” scatter.
Measurement of Modifiability in Children From Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds

Modifiability is a central concept in the area of dynamic assessment. Yet, there has been little attempt to capture the essence of modifiability, either qualitatively or quantitatively. The two studies reported here used a scaling approach to measure components of modifiability. The results indicate that modifiability (here defined as a combination of planning, attention to task/discrimination, motivation, transfer, responsivity, and examiner effort) differentiates between children having low language ability and typically developing children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Furthermore, the individual components of modifiability, with the exception of motivation, significantly differentiated the two groups. These findings suggest that modifiability is a useful construct in providing a less biased assessment and that the descriptive results obtained from this observation can also be used to link assessment with intervention.
Downlink resource allocation for multi-user MIMO-OFDMA systems: The Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining approach

Multi-user MIMO-OFDMA is regarded as an important technology for increasing the flexibility and efficiency of wireless communication systems. A well-behaved resource allocation strategy is crucial for the performance of such systems. In this paper, we study the allocation problem from a cooperative game theory perspective and present two algorithms to find the Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining solution to the problem. Simulation results show that the algorithms can achieve a reasonable tradeoff between fairness and efficiency.
EPITAXIAL THIN-FILM CRYSTAL GROWTH IN SPACE ULTRA-VACUUM

Abstract A new concept for materials processing in space with the expectation of future manufacturing in that environment exploits the ultra-vacuum component of space for thin-film epitaxial growth. The unique low earth orbit space environment is expected to yield vacuum levels of 10-14 torr or better, semi-infinite pumping speed and large ultra-vacuum volume (10's to 100's of cubic meters) without walls. These space ultra-vacuum characteristics promise major improvement in the quality, throughput, and new materials and devices possibilities of epitaxially grown thin films, especially in the area of semiconductors for microelectronics use. For such improved crystalline thin-film materials there is expected a very large value added from space ultra-vacuum processing, and as a result the application of the epitaxial thin-film growth technology to space could lead to major commercial efforts in space.
X-CPA (extreme chirped pulse amplification) - beyond the energy storage limit of semiconductor gain media

The stored energy limitation in ultrashort pulse amplification using semiconductor gain medium is overcome using the concept of X-CPA that consists of SOAs and chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs).
Insights into the Witheringia solanacea (Solanaceae) Complex in Costa Rica. II. Insect Visitors and Pollination Biology of W. asterotricha and W. meiantha1

Abstract Isolating mechanisms are important in maintaining the taxonomic integrity of closely related sympatric taxa. A previous study found strong post-zygotic isolating barriers between two species, Witheringia asterotricha and W. meiantha, of the W. solanacea (Solanaceae) species complex in Costa Rica. This study examines the presence of pre-zygotic barriers between the two species at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. Both species offer pollen and nectar as floral rewards and are visited primarily by solitary or semi-social bees, some of which sonicate (“buzz”) the anthers to discharge pollen. No evidence was found for phenological differences in flowering time between W. asterotricha and W. meiantha, but pre-zygotic factors, such as ethological isolation and possibly fine-scale ecological or geographic barriers, may be responsible for restricting gene flow between the two species.
Thermoelectric Properties of Correlated Electron Systems Ln3Pt4Ge6and LnPt4Ge12(Ln = Ce, Pr) and Non-centrosymmetric X2T12P7(X = Yb, Hf and T = Fe, Co)

We report measurements of the thermoelectric power Sand electrical resistivity ρ for correlated electron systems Ln 3Pt4Ge6and LnPt4Ge12(Ln= Ce, Pr) and X 2 T 12P7(X= Yb, Hf and T= Fe, Co). The thermoelectric power factor S 2∕ ρ is utilized as a means to assess the potential viability of these materials for thermoelectric applications. Sis observed to be sensitive to Lnin Ln 3Pt4Ge6and LnPt4Ge12with Ce-based compounds providing a much larger Sand S 2∕ ρ than Pr-based materials. The character of Sfor the Ce-based compounds is consistent with an intermediate Ce valence. In the case of X 2 T 12P7compounds reported herein, it appears that it is possible to tune the magnitude of Smore effectively by varying Trather than X; the magnitude of Sis significantly larger with T= Fe than when T= Co.
Safety, Costs, and Efficacy of Rapid Drug Desensitizations to Chemotherapy and Monoclonal Antibodies

Background Rapid drug desensitization (RDD) is used to address hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutics and monoclonal antibodies, allowing patients to be treated with optimal pharmacological agents. RDD protocols are tailored to each individual patient's reaction and needs, and protect against anaphylaxis, but overall risks, costs, and benefits have not been determined. Objective We investigated the safety, efficacy, costs, and life expectancy of patients in a large population undergoing RDD. Methods We analyzed 2177 RDD procedures performed in 370 patients with cancer, vasculitis, and hematological and connective tissue diseases who presented 402 reactions. A subgroup of carboplatin allergic patients with ovarian cancer treated with RDD was analyzed for costs and life expectancy and compared with a nonallergic control group. Results RDD allowed all patients to receive safely the full dose of the medication to which they were reactive. A gradual increase in the fraction of outpatient desensitizations from 81% to 98% was achieved through risk stratification. Of the 2177 desensitizations, 93% had no or mild reactions whereas 7% had moderate to severe reactions, which did not preclude the completion of the treatment, and there were no deaths. Overall health costs in the carboplatin allergic group were not higher than those in the nonallergic group treated with standard of care. Administration of carboplatin through RDD was as effective as standard administration with a nonsignificant increase in life expectancy in desensitized patients as compared with nonallergic, nondesensitized controls. Conclusions RDD is cost effective and safe for allergic patients with cancer and chronic disease to remain on first line therapy.
Wisconsin Comorbidity Assessment Scale (WCAS): A novel, comprehensive, performance-based assessment scale of geriatric syndromes and medical comorbidities in older cancer patients

19619 Background: Elderly patients with cancer have potential for multiple geriatric syndromes that influence treatment and outcomes. No single clinical assessment tool has targeted all the major geriatric syndromes and their interaction on cancer management and outcomes. We developed WCAS to evaluate cognitive and physical function, risk of falls and gait disorders, polypharmacy, and medical comorbidities. Methods: Eighteen newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer (age 55–82), were enrolled prior to cancer treatment. Cognitive function was evaluated with a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests targeting the domains of memory, executive function, attention, language, and praxis. Physical function skills were assessed with novel performance-based tasks (e.g., bed-making) and computerized assessments of balance, gait and risk of falls. Cancer treatment included surgery in all patients with variable use of adjuvant radiation and medical therapy. WCAS was administered at baseline and at month 6...
Laser annealing of silicon surface defects for photovoltaic applications

Abstract High power lasers are increasingly used for low cost fabrication of solar cell devices. High power laser processes generate crystal defects, which lower the cell efficiency. This study examines the effect of low power laser annealing for the removal of high power laser induced surface defects. The laser annealing behavior is demonstrated by the significant decrease of photoluminescence generated from dislocation-induced defects and the increase of band-to-band emission. This annealing effect is further confirmed by the X-ray diffraction peak reversal. The dislocation density is quantified by observing etch pits under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). For as-melted samples, the dislocation density is decreased to as low as 1.01 × 106 cm− 2 after laser annealing, resulting in an excellent surface carrier lifetime of 920 μs that is comparable to the value of 1240 μs for the silicon starting wafer. For severely defective samples, the dislocation density is decreased by 4 times and the surface carrier lifetime is increased by 5 times after laser annealing.
Is There Any Threshold in the Relationship between Mother's Education and Child Health? Evidence from Nigeria

The literature on mother's education and child health casually observes some nonlinearities and also a threshold in the relationship. Even though this nonlinearity or threshold has significant bearing on policy matters, any rigorous attempt to address this issue is missing in the literature. With height for age z score (HAZ) as a proxy for long run child health capital, regression results reveal that there is hardly any significant effects of mother's education on child health if mothers do not go past primary education. We use Hansen (2000) for threshold estimation and it also corroborates the regression result about the existence of a threshold.
Productivity analysis of a fractured horizontal well in low-permeability gas reservoirs considering the pressure loss in wellbore

Fracturing technology is a common method to regain production capacity in horizontal wells of a low-permeability gas reservoir. Most sand fracturing will generate finite conductivity fractures, it is essential to forecast the productivity of the particular kind of horizontal well. According to the conformal transformation principle, the problem of hydraulically fractured gas well flow is converted into a one-way flow problem which is relative easier to solve. Based on the unstable folw theory, with the influence of pressure drop in horizontal wellbore, the computation formula for productivity in hydraulically fractured horizontal wells is deduced. The result show that the pressure loss in wellbore does have influence on theproductivity. This method is relative simple and can be put into practice.
Approaches to trauma involving the major vessels of the thorax.

Thoracic great vessel injury accounts for a significant amount of the acute mortality rate from trauma. Early recognition allows for early repair, usually best accomplished by the simplest yet most effective technique. Use of prosthetic material is encouraged. Cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermia, and shunts are rarely required.
Management Strategy of a Transorbital Penetrating Pontine Injury by a Wooden Chopstick

Background Transorbital penetrating pontine injuries from small spear-like objects, which are extremely rare, provide neurosurgeons with life-threatening and challenging conditions to manage. Case Description We present an unusual case of transorbital penetrating pontine injury and discuss imaging, diagnosis, management strategy, and anatomy–injury correlation. A 23-year-old man sustained a penetrating cranial injury from a bamboo chopstick that extended from the right orbit to the pons and cerebellum. Using a frontotemporal approach, we successfully removed the chopstick. Follow-up studies confirmed a good outcome. Conclusions Preoperative imaging, correct diagnosis, and surgical treatment are necessary to manage transorbital penetrating pontine injuries caused by spear-like objects, with specific attention paid to effective exposure and inventive means with total removal of the foreign object without causing further injury. A trajectory through the superior orbital fissure and paralateral to the cavernous sinus and into the pons seems to be the most prevalent and influences management of removal and injuries.
High level synthesis of asynchronous circuit targeting state machine controllers

We introduce a high-level synthesis tool that generates efficient asynchronous circuits from a language based on extended Petri-nets. A salient feature of our synthesis technique is its ability to automatically generate ensembles of interacting burst-mode FSM-based controllers and macromodule-based controllers (using macromodule synthesis capabilities developed in our earlier efforts). This is achieved by first decomposing the input description into a set of sequential threads with choices, allocating resources for the threads, and refining the threads towards burst-mode machines. Major contributions of the work reported in this paper are the generation of interacting burst-mode controllers from high-level descriptions. Details of the synthesis system and results on examples including parts of a DCT processor are presented.
Overview: The Post-repair Issues and the Active Pursuit of Normalcy

The goal of this book is to help patients with esophageal and gastric disorders realize 70 or more good years, an admittedly stringent requirement. When starting life with a congenital defect as severe as esophageal atresia (EA), this goal is even more difficult to attain. The majority of patients with EA and a distal tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) have a shorter gap allowing an outwardly successful primary repair. Consequently, they are generally thought to be “getting along well.” The longer-term follow-up reports, however, from Finland, the Netherlands, and Canada as well as smaller studies have revealed that many of these patients have related, residual problems [1–16]. In these series, the adult patients who had EA/TEF repaired as infants were often found to have dysphagia and/or the consequences of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), potentially significant obstacles to the goal of 70 good years (see also Chaps. 50: “Long-Term Follow-Up of EA/TEF Patients” and 52: “Follow-Up of EA Repair: The Helsinki Experience”).
The Non Self Similar Scaling of Vorticity in a Shear Layer

Time series measurements of the spanwise vorticity fluctuations in a large single stream shear layer have been acquired. The magnitude of the fluctuations, as measured by the standard deviation, was normalized using dissipation variables and compared at two streamwise locations. These data indicate that the vorticity fluctuations do not follow a self similar form. Rather, it was found that the values increase in magnitude with downstream distance. An explanation of this phenomenon is provided.
FolamiRs: Ligand-targeted, vehicle-free delivery of microRNAs for the treatment of cancer

MicroRNAs are small RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. Because changes in microRNA expression can promote or maintain disease states, microRNA-based therapeutics are being evaluated extensively. Unfortunately, the therapeutic potential of microRNA replacement is limited by deficient delivery vehicles. In this work, microRNAs are delivered in the absence of a protective vehicle. The method relies on direct attachment of microRNAs to folate (FolamiR), which mediates delivery of the conjugated microRNA into cells that overexpress the folate receptor. We show that the tumor-suppressive FolamiR, FolamiR-34a, is quickly taken up both by triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and by tumors in an autochthonous model of lung cancer and slows their progression. This method delivers microRNAs directly to tumors in vivo without the use of toxic vehicles, representing an advance in the development of nontoxic, cancer-targeted therapeutics.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in HIV-1 infected female patients.

AIDS is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) presently affecting over 1.5 million people in the United States. While affecting less than 1% of the general population, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) occurs in greater than 20% of males infected with HIV.1 In our preliminary survey of HIV infected females, we found 17% had clinical signs and symptoms compatible with KCS.2
Metaphor and Change in Cognitive and Constructive Psychotherapies

The emergence of the constructivist perspective in cognitive science and psychotherapy (Neimeyer & Mahoney, 1995; Rosen & Kuehlwein, 1996; Sexton & Griffin, 1997) has served to highlight a central role for human language, narrative, and stories in the creation of psychological realities (Anderson & Goolishian, 1988; Efran, Lukens & Lukens, 1990; Hare-Mustin, 1994; Russell, 1995; Shotter, 1993). In contrast to objectivist accounts of language as a representation or map of the contours of some a priori reality existing “behind” language, constructivists emphasize the way in which humans use language to invent personal and social realities (cf. Gergen, 1994; Johnson, 1987; Lakoff, 1987). One important consequence of this focus on language has been a greater appreciation for the metaphorical features of human knowing and meaning creation (Carlsen, 1996). Indeed, recognized as a form of thought with its own epistemological functions, metaphors have played a central role in structuring human understanding across many domains of inquiry, from the philosophical and scientific to the more personal and psychological (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Leary, 1990a; Lyddon, 1989).
Alleviation of Wind-induced Vibrations of Railings in a Building

It was observed that wind-induced vibrations had created destructive effects on corner balcony railings in an oceanfront condominium building. The vibrations of the railings caused disconnections of welds at the ends of the pickets, and noise was generated, which created discomfort to the residents of the building. This paper presents a method to mitigate the wind-induced vibrations and noise of the balcony railings. The noise generation mechanisms were investigated; buffeting and vortex-induced vibration were identified as the two main mechanisms. A finite element (FE) model of a railing was developed using commercial FE software ABAQUS. The FE model was validated by modal testing results and used as a basis for later modifications. Design modifications were made for the railing and simulated using ABAQUS; increasing the stiffness of the railing was proposed as a solution based on the FE simulation results and the constraints imposed. A modified railing was installed on one of the corner balconies according to the solution and tested. The experimental results and on-site monitoring on the modified railing indicate that the noise issue has been resolved, and all of the affected railings were demolished and replaced with the modified railings.
Conceptions of Teacher Education

This article examines four conceptual approaches to teacher education. Each articulates a particular vision for the aim of teacher preparation grounded in a distinctive argument for the purposes of education and features of good teaching. Each has a historical grounding and contemporary resonance. The article outlines each approach, providing the scholarly grounding for previous and contemporary understandings along with illustrative descriptions of exemplary course- or program-level instantiations.
20-P: BACK TO THE FUTURE: HEAT-TREATING FOR SOLID PHASE ANTIBODY TESTING

Aim In seeking a method of reducing the background on the control beads in order to clarify the results of the Gen-Probe™ Luminex Single Antigen (LSA) assays, we hypothesized that heat- treating sera would be of great benefit. Methods When initially processed in the laboratory, five hundred microliter aliquots of sera are frozen at −80 °C for a minimum of 10 minutes. The sample is then thawed to room temperature (22 °C), heated in a 63 °C water bath for 12 minutes then ultra-centrifuged for 10 minutes at 13,200 rpm. Results We have seen no noticeable change in the negative or positive control beads. Heat treating appeared to intensify our positive results. We see an increase in Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) of the positively-reacting Luminex beads while also noting a decrease of the MFI in the negatively-reacting beads. We are uncovering antibodies that were obscured before. However, there has been an unexpected negative side effect of heat treatment. In approximately 30% of our population we are finding the sera are unfit for testing due to coagulation. We found that after ultracentrifuging for 10 minutes at 13,200 rpm, 75% of the coagulated samples are suitable for testing. Conclusions The heat treating process appears to rid the sample of a heat-labile inhibitor, presumably IgM. We believe that through the heat treating process we are able to better detect antibodies in patient sera. In an effort to streamline our testing algorithm, we now heat treat all sera that will be used for single antigen testing.
Mast cell histamine release induced by Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia) venom.

Abstract Nematocyst venom from Portuguese Man-of War ( Physalia sp.) tentacles causes isolated rat peritoneal mast cells to release histamine. Extent of histamine release is dose-dependent (K0.5 = 6.1 μg venom/ml) and attains 100% at high doses of venom. Release is independent of intra- and extracellular calcium levels and does not depend upon a cellular supply of ATP. The rate of histamine release is temperature-dependent and the extent of release is maximized broadly over the range of 10–30°C. The cytoplasmic marker lactate dehydrogenase, is released concomitantly with histamine but is more sensitive to the venom (K0.5 = 2.1 μg/ml). Antimycin A, while it does not significantly affect venom-induced histamine release, increases the sensitivity of lactate dehydrogenase release (K0.5 = 0.2 μg/ml). We conclude that Physalia nematocyst venom induces the release of histamine from mast cells by a cytolytic mechanism and that this action is antagonized by an intracellular, energy-requiring process.
A Digital Archive of Research Papers in Computer Science

This paper presents the results of a terminological work conducted by the authors on a Digital Archives Net of the Italian National Research Council (CNR) in the field of Computer Science. In particular, the research tends to analyse the use of certain terms in Computer Science in order to verify their change over the time with the aim of retrieving from the net the very essence of documentation. Its main source is a reference corpus made up of 13,500 documents which collects the scientific productions of CNR. This study is divided in three sections: 1) an introductory one dedicated to the data extracted from the scientific documentation; 2) the second section is devoted to the description of the contents managed by the PUMA system; 3) the third part contains a statistical representation of terms extracted from archive: some comparison tables between the occurrences of the most used terms in the scientific documentation will be created and diagrams with percentages about the most frequently used terms will be displayed too. Indexes and concordances will allow to reflect on the use of certain terms in this field and give possible keys for having access to the extraction of knowledge.
Leakage Flux of the Trans-Rotary Magnetic Gear

This paper investigates the leakage flux of the trans-rotary magnetic gear (TROMAG). TROMAG is a magnetic gear that converts a high-force low-speed linear motion to a low-torque high-speed rotation and vice versa. TROMAG is tailored to force-intensive linear motion applications such as backpack energy harvesting and artificial heart in which the gear is positioned close to the human body and/or electronic devices. In such applications, it is critical to ensure the TROMAG’s magnetic field penetrating the surrounding environment (referred to as the leakage flux hereafter) is below the limits permitted by standards. This paper employs 3-D finite-element analysis (FEA) to study spatial distribution and magnitude of the leakage flux. The FEA calculations of magnetic field are verified by experimental measurements. Both radial and quasi-Halbach configurations are investigated, and it is revealed that the quasi-Halbach configuration exhibits less leakage flux. Moreover, it is shown that the use of a thin iron shield surrounding the TROMAG can effectively reduce the leakage down to permissible values.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment and predictors of statin use in Filipino‐American Women

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Race and gender disparities in the context of appropriate treatment with lipid-lowering therapies do exist. The 2013 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines outlined four groups, three for primary prevention and one for secondary prevention, whom would benefit from statin therapy to target atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The application of these recommendations in Filipino women living in the United States is unknown; however, this population is known to have elevated cardiovascular risk. Socio-economic and clinical characteristics that predict statin utilization of this Asian American subgroup need to be explored. METHODS This was an exploratory analysis of data collected during a cross-sectional study of Filipino-American Women (FAW). The Pooled Cohort equation was used to estimate 10-year ASCVD risk. Bivariate analysis was employed to determine the association between statin treatment and clinical and socio-economic factors. Data were analysed using SAS® 9.4; statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 384 women (mean age 56.3 years) were included in the original study, and the average 10-year ASCVD risk was 3.5 ± 3.7%. Upon applying the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines, 97 FAW were categorized into one of the primary prevention groups. Women considered to benefit from a statin based on the guideline criteria but were not prescribed a statin were considered the not statin treated group (n = 55). From the original cohort, 93 FAW reported current statin therapy use and were categorized as statin treated. The clinical characteristics associated with not being statin treated were as follows: untreated blood pressure (P = 0.012), higher diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.015), higher total cholesterol (P < 0.001), higher triglycerides (P = 0.041), higher low-density lipoprotein (P < 0.001) and higher glucose (P = 0.011). The socio-economic factor associated with not being statin treated was having two or more insurance payers (P = 0.005). Overall, this population had a waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) that exceeds guidelines for Asian women (31.5 or 80 cm). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Predictors of statin utilization in FAW are not well documented in the literature. These findings emphasize room for improvement for the prescribing of statins in primary prevention for this study population. Applying culturally appropriate screening strategies to identify cardiovascular risk factors early such as BMI or waist circumference may assist with quantifying patients into one of the statin benefit groups if eligible.
Longitudinal follow‐up of biopsy‐proven small fiber neuropathy

Introduction Little is published on the prognosis of small fiber neuropathy (SFN). Methods A retrospective analysis of 101 patients with biopsy proven SFN. Results Study participants included 87 patients with length-dependent SFN and 14 patients with non-length-dependent SFN. The average duration of symptoms was 3.2 years prior to SFN diagnosis, and the average follow-up duration after diagnosis was 6.2 years. Neuropathic pain was present in 98% of patients and in 84.2% of patients at the final visit. The average total number of pain medications ever used was 4.4 per patient. Signs of autonomic dysfunction were initially present in 24.8% of patients, but improved in most. Large fiber involvement was seen in 11.9% of patients. Small fiber neuropathy affected employment and ambulation status in 5.3% and 6.3% of patients, respectively. Discussion Small fiber neuropathy tends to be stable and rarely affects ambulation and employment status. Effective pain control remains a challenge.
Thermal Cycling Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis of Wafer Level Chip Scale Package with Integration of Metal-Insulator-Metal Capacitors

Wafer-level chip scale package (WLCSP) under temperature cycles could be subjected to reliability issues due to thermal mismatch of different materials. Various factors could contribute to WLCSP thermo-mechanical performance, such as bond pad and solder material, die dimensions, as well as the locations of packaging components. In this paper, a novel sensitivity analysis technique is integrated with ANSYS® APDL to improve the thermal cycling performance of a WLCSP package with metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors. In the first example, a finite-element model with details of passivation and metal layers were constructed in ANSYS® APDL. In the model, a total of 30 different variables were defined. Then the model was imported into an optimization software optiSLang to perform sensitivity analysis under thermal cycling loadings. Two runs of sensitivity analyses were carried out, each with 100 designs of experiments generated by space-filling Latin hypercube sampling technique. During sensitivity analysis, optiSLang was able to run 4~8 designs in parallel for faster results. In the first run, the individual contribution of all the parameters to the passivation stresses was examined through correlation coefficients and coefficients of prognosis. The results of the first 100 designs revealed that the Young's modulus of isolation material in MIM structure is a dominating parameter for the high thermal stress. Specifically, dielectric material Si3N4 had a much higher modulus than SiO2 and was adopted as the isolation material in the MIM capacitor, causing higher stress. Due to the dominance of isolation modulus, the contribution of the other parameters was not visible. Therefore, the isolation modulus was fixed in the second run of sensitivity analysis. Then the three most important parameters were identified for both low and high isolation modulus. In the second example, a sensitivity analysis was performed by considering only the three critical parameters using a 3D parametric model to capture the stress patterns and magnitudes better. Through sensitivity analysis using the ANSYS® parametric model in optiSLang, we concluded that the methodology could quickly identify the key parameters for the high thermal stress in the WLCSP and could also provide potential solutions to mitigate the cracking issues.
Influence of digital hypothermia on lamellar events related to IL-6/gp130 signalling in equine sepsis-related laminitis.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is consistently increased in the digital lamellae in different studies of sepsis‐related laminitis (SRL). IL‐6 signalling through the gp130 receptor activates similar signalling (i.e. mTORC1‐related signalling) previously reported to be activated in models of endocrinopathic laminitis. OBJECTIVES: To assess the activation state of signalling proteins downstream of IL‐6/gp130 receptor complex activation in an experimental model of SRL. STUDY DESIGN: Randomised experimental study. METHODS: Lamellar phospho‐(P) protein concentrations downstream of the IL‐6/gp130 receptors were assessed in the oligofructose (OF) model of SRL. Fifteen Standardbred horses were administered water (CON, n = 8) or oligofructose (OF, n = 7) via a nasogastric tube. At 12 h post‐OF/water administration, one randomly assigned forelimb was exposed to continuous digital hypothermia (CDH) by placement in ice water (ICE, maintained at <7°C); the other forelimb was maintained at ambient temperature (AMB). Lamellar tissue samples were collected after 24 h of CDH from both ICE and AMB forelimbs and immediately snap‐frozen. Lamellar proteins of interest were assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Immunoblotting revealed increase (P<0.05) in the phosphorylation states of Akt (Ser 473), RPS6 (Ser235/236), RPS6 (Ser240/244), STAT3 (Ser727) and STAT3 (Tyr705) in lamellar tissue from OF‐treated animals (AMB OF vs. AMB CON limbs); CDH resulted in decreased (P<0.05) lamellar concentrations of phosphorylated Akt, p70S6K, RPS6 (235/236), RPS6 (240/244) and STAT3 (S727) in OF‐treated animals (AMB OF vs. ICE OF). Immunofluorescence showed that activated/phosphorylated forms of RPS6 and STAT3 were primarily localised to lamellar epithelial cells. MAIN LIMITATIONS: The nature, sequence and timing of sub‐cellular events in this experimental model may differ from those that accompany naturally occurring sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: There were increased lamellar concentrations of activated signalling proteins downstream of the IL‐6/Gp130 receptor complex in OF‐treated horses; CDH inhibited this activation for the majority of the proteins assessed. These results demonstrate similar lamellar signalling (e.g. mTORC1‐related signalling) and, therefore, possible therapeutic targets occurring in sepsis‐related laminitis as previously reported in models of endocrinopathic laminitis.
Stochastic Recognition of Occluded Objects

Recognition of occluded objects in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is a significant problem for automatic target recognition. Stochastic models provide some attractive features for pattern matching and recognition under partial occlusion and noise. In this paper, we present a discrete hidden Markov modeling (HMM) based approach for recognizing objects in SAR images. We identify the peculiar characteristics of SAR sensors and using these characteristics we develop feature based multiple models for a given SAR image of an object. The models exploiting the relative geometry of feature locations or the amplitude of SAR radar return are based on sequentialization of scattering centers extracted from SAR images. In order to improve performance we integrate these models synergistically using their probabilistic estimates for recognition of a particular target at a specific azimuth. Experimental results are presented using both synthetic and real SAR images.
No-core shell model calculations of the photonuclear cross section of 10 B

Results of ab initio no-core, shell model calculations for the photonuclear cross section of 10B are presented using realistic two-nucleon (NN) chiral forces up to next-to-next-to-next-order (N3LO) softened by the similarity renormalization group method (SRG) with \( \lambda= 2.02\) fm-1. The electric-dipole response function is calculated using the Lanczos method, with the effects of the continuum included via neutron escape widths derived from R-matrix theory and using the Lorentz integral transform method. The calculated cross section agrees well with experimental data in terms of structure as well as in absolute peak height, \( \sigma_{\max}=4.85\) mb at photon energy \( \omega= 23.61\) MeV, and integrated cross section 85.36 MeV. mb. We also test the Brink hypothesis by calculating the electric-dipole response for the first nine positive-parity states with \( J \ne 0\) in 10B and verify that dipole excitations built upon the ground and excited states have similar characteristics.
Factors associated with health psychology use in pediatric type 1 diabetes

Abstract Aims Identify the prevalence of health psychology use in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and evaluate how individual and contextual characteristics are associated with use. Methods Children ages 8–16 years with T1D and their parents were recruited from two tertiary diabetes clinics. Cross-sectional data included parent and adolescent surveys and hemoglobin A1c. Parents self-reported the child’s use of health psychology in the last year along with individual factors (e.g., predisposing factors including demographics, enabling factors including health insurance type, evaluated need including mental health diagnoses and perceived need including self-management barriers). Association of health psychology use with individual (e.g., demographics, enabling factors, evaluated and perceived need) and contextual (e.g., clinical site) characteristics was evaluated using logistic regression. Results Of 363 eligible participants, 267 (74%) participated. Health psychology use was reported by only 8.2% (n = 22) of participants and was significantly associated with evaluated need factor of mental health diagnosis (OR 5.8; p Conclusions Though infrequent, health psychology use was positively associated with mental health diagnoses and self-management barriers.
Dynamic Laser Absorptance Measured in a Geometrically Characterized Stainless-Steel Powder Layer.

The relationship between real powder distributions and optical coupling is a critical building block for developing a deeper physical understanding of laser-additive manufacturing and for creating more reliable and accurate models for predictable manufacturing. Laser-light absorption by a metal powder is distinctly different from that of a solid material, as it is impacted by additional parameters, such as particle size, shape distribution, and packing. Here, we use x-ray computed tomography to experimentally determine these parameters in a thinly spread austenitic stainless-steel powder on a metal substrate, and we combine these results with optical absorptance measurements during a 1 ms stationary laser-light exposure to simulate the additive-manufacturing process. Within the thinly spread powder layer, the particle volume fraction changes continuously from near zero at the powder surface to a peak value of 0.72 at a depth of 235 \textmu{}m, with the most rapid increase taking place in the first 100 \textmu{}m. The relationship between this particle volume fraction gradient and optical absorptance is investigated using an analytical model, which shows that depth-averaged absorptance measurements can measure the predicted average value, but will fail to capture local effects that result from a changing powder density. The time-averaged absorptance remains at levels between 0.67 and 0.80 across a two orders of magnitude range in laser power, which is significantly higher than that observed in solid stainless-steel experiments. The dynamic behavior of the absorptance, however, reveals physical phenomena, including oxidation, melting, and vapor cavity (keyhole) formation, as well as quantifying the effect of these on the absorbed energy.
The mRNA encoding the JUND tumor suppressor detains nuclear RNA-binding proteins to assemble polysomes that are unaffected by mTOR.

One long-standing knowledge gap is the role of nuclear proteins in mRNA translation. Nuclear RNA helicase A (DHX9/RHA) is necessary for the translation of the mRNAs of JUND (JunD proto-oncogene AP-1 transcription factor subunit) and HIV-1 genes, and nuclear cap-binding protein 1 (NCBP1)/CBP80 is a component of HIV-1 polysomes. The protein kinase mTOR activates canonical messenger ribonucleoproteins by post-translationally down-regulating the eIF4E inhibitory protein 4E-BP1. We posited here that NCBP1 and DHX9/RHA (RHA) support a translation pathway of JUND RNA that is independent of mTOR. We present evidence from reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments indicating that NCBP1 and RHA both are components of messenger ribonucleoproteins in several cell types. Moreover, tandem affinity and RT–quantitative PCR results revealed that JUND mRNA is a component of a previously unknown ribonucleoprotein complex. Results from the tandem IP indicated that another component of the JUND-containing ribonucleoprotein complex is NCBP3, a recently identified ortholog of NCBP2/CBP20. We also found that NCBP1, NCBP3, and RHA, but not NCBP2, are components of JUND-containing polysomes. Mutational analysis uncovered two dsRNA-binding domains of RHA that are necessary to tether JUND–NCBP1/NCBP3 to polysomes. We also found that JUND translation is unaffected by inhibition of mTOR, unless RHA was down-regulated by siRNA. These findings uncover a noncanonical cap-binding complex consisting of NCBP1/NCBP3 and RHA substitutes for the eukaryotic translation initiation factors 4E and 4G and activates mTOR-independent translation of the mRNA encoding the tumor suppressor JUND.