cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Screening for serum lipoprotein abnormalities: comparison of ultracentrifugal, paper and thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis techniques.

Three methods for evaluation of serum lipoprotein abnormalities were compared: paper electrophoresis using buffer containing albumin, ultracentrifugation at d 1.21, and thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis. Analyses by paper electrophoresis and by ultracentrifugation of 109 sera of patients with cholesterol levels between 78 and 1150 mg/100 ml showed that the electrophoretic procedure while not quantitative was an effective procedure for detecting and helping in classification of the type of serum lipoprotein abnormality. Paper electrophoresis is a valuable procedure in screening for lipoprotein abnormalities and can be used as a guide for additional studies. Thin-layer starchgel electrophoresis did not always give results comparable to those of the other two procedures. In study of certain sera (for example, in pigeon serum and some myeloma sera) lipoprotein subfractions were more clearly resolved by starch-gel electrophoresis than by paper electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation. Ultracentrifugal and starch-gel electrophoretic techniques can be used effectively when more complete information is needed or when unusual materials are being studied.
Evidence-based practice models for organizational change: overview and practical applications

Aim To provide an overview, summary of key features and evaluation of usefulness of six evidence-based practice models frequently discussed in the literature. Background The variety of evidence-based practice models and frameworks, complex terminology and organizational culture challenges nurses in selecting the model that best fits their practice setting. Data sources The authors: (1) initially identified models described in a predominant nursing text; (2) searched the literature through CINAHL from 1998 to current year, using combinations of ‘evidence’, ‘evidence-based practice’, ‘models’, ‘nursing’ and ‘research’; (3) refined the list of selected models based on the initial literature review; and (4) conducted a second search of the literature on the selected models for all available years to locate both historical and recent articles on their use in nursing practice. Discussion Authors described model key features and provided an evaluation of model usefulness based on specific criteria, which focused on facilitating the evidence-based practice process and guiding practice change. Implications for nursing The evaluation of model usefulness can be used to determine the best fit of the models to the practice setting. Conclusion The Johns Hopkins Model and the Academic Center for Evidence-Based Practice Star Model emphasize the processes of finding and evaluating evidence that is likely to appeal to nursing educators. Organizations may prefer the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services Framework, Advancing Research and Clinical Practice Through Close Collaboration, or Iowa models for their emphasis on team decision-making. An evidence-based practice model that is clear to the clinician and fits the organization will guide a systematic approach to evidence review and practice change.
An Economic Analysis of College Admission Standards

The effects of open or relaxed college admission standards vary across students. Among other effects, a relaxed standard is presumed to raise the number of college graduates, but it reduces the productivity of non-graduates. Since the most egalitarian standard-setters should accord least weight to the former and most weight to the latter, they should be least inclined to favor open admission. Moreover, the effect on the graduation rate is ambiguous, since some infra-marginal college attendees will become less likely to graduate. Finally a lower admission standard reduces performance among students exceeding the graduation standard, by impairing their preparation for college work.
The distinctive features of acute monocytic leukemia

Acute monocytic leukemia is an uncommon form of acute leukemia. Distinctive clinical features include gingival hypertrophy, lymphoadenopathy, coagulation disorders, and lysozymuria. Blast cell morphology and cytochemistry are diagnostic. Receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG have been demonstrated on the basis of a few cases. The drug VP 16-213 has been shown to be very effective in treatment of untreated and previously treated patients.
Human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells reverse osteoporosis in NOD/SCID mice by altering osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities.

Background Osteoporosis is a bone disorder associated with loss of bone mineral density and micro architecture. A balance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts activities maintains bone homeostasis. Increased bone loss due to increased osteoclast and decreased osteoblast activities is considered as an underlying cause of osteoporosis.
Localized Health News Releases and Community Newspapers: A Method for Rural Health Promotion.

Newspaper health stories often originate with news releases from health organizations. Tailoring news releases to a particular mass media outlet increases the possibility that the release will resu...
Progress in Shape Modeling

The life cycle of a mechanical component from its first conceptualization to its final packaging involves many intermediate processes such as product definition, engineering analysis, manufacturing planning, material procurement, and production control. These processes, of course, can be further broken down to finer steps or operations, but what is important to note is how these processes interact. For example, results from engineering analysis may necessitate changes in the initial product definition. High cost in manufacturing also brings about modifications in manufacturing planning. Consequently, it is more efficient and effective to have a central description of the object or product for the purposes of reference, modification, manipulation, and further processing. This is the basic motivation for shape description and modeling in digital computers.
Water treatment processes as a contributor to elevated levels of sodium in drinking water

Abstract Evidence is presented which indicates that elevated levels of sodium in 15 Massachusetts communities is caused, in part, by the addition of sodium hydroxide and/or sodium hypochlorite during the water treatment process. One community exhibited an average increase of 90 mg Na/1 as a result of the treatment process. Any comprehensive program to reduce sodium levels in drinking water must assess water treatment procedures as well as road salting activity.
Should FOLFOXIRI Plus Bevacizumab Be the Standard First-Line Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer?

The TRIBE trial compared the FOLFOXIRI regimen plus bevacizumab with FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab is an acceptable therapeutic option, but the results of the TRIBE trial do not establish this regimen as the best treatment option for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Molecular diagnosis of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome in a child with incomplete clinical disease phenotype.

We report a 6-year-old female with congenital bone marrow failure, who was referred for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. An initial work-up in infancy had not revealed any consistent symptoms associated with an inherited syndrome. Computed tomography of her abdomen for gastrointestinal bleeding after transplantation incidentally revealed a fat-replaced pancreas and led to the molecular diagnosis of Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS) in the absence of clinical exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. We conclude that SDS may escape the clinical consensus criteria for the disease. Increased awareness of unusual presentations may allow confirming the suspected diagnosis by molecular analysis and ensure optimal management. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:177–179. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Transverse Shear Along Myocardial Cleavage Planes Provides a Mechanism for Normal Systolic Wall Thickening

Abstract Recent studies in humans and other species show that there is substantial transverse shear strain in the left ventricular myocardium, and others have shown transverse myocardial laminae separated by cleavage planes. We proposed that cellular rearrangement based on shearing along myocardial cleavage planes could account for >50% of normal systolic wall thickening, since <50% can be explained by increases in myocyte diameter. To test this hypothesis, we measured strains at two sites with different cleavage-plane anatomy in eight open-chest dogs. Columns of radiopaque markers were implanted in the left ventricular anterior free wall and septum. Markers were tracked with biplane cineradiography, and strains were quantified by using finite deformation techniques. Hearts were perfusion-fixed with glutaraldehyde, and cleavage-plane orientations at the bead sites were measured in three orthogonal planes. At subendocardial sites of the anterior left ventricular wall, where the cleavage planes approach the...
Usefulness of Myocardial Perfusion Echocardiography to Identify Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Abnormal Ventricular Septal Motion

Twenty-three patients who had septal wall motion abnormalities and who underwent angiography within 2 weeks were evaluated by myocardial perfusion echocardiography. Mean perfusion score (plateau video intensity times the wash-in rate) was lower in segments that were supplied by obstructed coronary arteries in real time (7.5 vs 22.6 dB/s, p
Sustained Competitive Advantage: Temporal Dynamics and the Incidence and Persistence of Superior Economic Performance

Competitive advantage is a key concept in strategic management research for a number of reasons--not the least of which is that an avowed consequence of its attainment is held to be superior economic performance. However, few prior empirical studies have directly and systematically documented the incidence or prevalence of persistent superior economic performance. The research reported here is based on empirical studies of a large number of industry samples for which longitudinal data were stratified by levels of performance using a new methodology and then analyzed in terms of their dynamics. This new stratification technique was used in lieu of autoregressive methods employed in prior studies of performance persistence to allow for a true outlier analysis because persistent superior economic performance both has been argued theoretically, and found empirically, to be rare. Detailed results from a sample of 6,772 firms in 40 industries over 25 years are presented to illustrate the findings that: (1) while some firms do exhibit superior economic performance, (2) only a very small minority do so, and (3) the phenomenon very rarely persists for long time frames. These results, while not providing direct support for a particular extant strategic management or economic theory concerning firm performance, are most consonant with the resource-based view of the firm and have implications for significant aspects of other received strategic management and economic theories.
Pathology of shell disease in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, (Decapoda: Portunidae)

Blue crabs affected with shell disease displayed a wide array of pathologies in response to this very common affliction. Grossly, shell disease lesions most commonly presented as variably sized brown to black foci. Such lesions ranged from very small (1 mm2) to locally extensive (up to 200 mm2 in area). The larger of the melanized lesions sometimes appeared ulcerated. The most severe lesions observed (Pamlico River shell disease-PRSD) resulted in loss of up to 25% of the entire carapace. A diverse bacterial flora consisting of aeromonads, vibrios and five other genera were isolated as the predominant organisms from shell disease lesions. Fungi were rarely observed in larger lesions. Protozoa and algae were also rarely observed on the surface of some lesions. Histologically, lesions ranged from mild erosion of the epicuticle and outermost layers of the calcified endocuticle to more extensive endocuticle erosion with accompanying inflammation. In the most severe cases, there was total loss of the endocuticle and epidermis, with pseudomembrane formation, intense haemocyte infiltration, and involvement of adjacent viscera. There was no apparent relationship between the size of gross lesions and their histological severity (as defined by the extent of tissue damage), suggesting that gross examination of shell disease lesions is not a reliable method for assessing the damage to affected blue crabs.
Negative Role of Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 in Macrophage, T Cell, and B Cell Mediated Autoimmune Disease in MRL-Faslpr Mice

Inflammation in the kidney and other tissues (lung, and salivary and lacrimal glands) is characteristic of MRL-Fas(lpr) mice with features of lupus. Macrophages (Mphi) are prominent in these tissues. Given that 1) Mphi survival, recruitment, proliferation, and activation during inflammation is dependent on CSF-1, 2) Mphi mediate renal resident cell apoptosis, and 3) CSF-1 is up-regulated in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice before, and during nephritis, we hypothesized that CSF-1-deficient MRL-Fas(lpr) mice would be protected from Mphi-mediated nephritis, and the systemic illness. To test this hypothesis, we compared CSF-1-deficient MRL-Fas(lpr) with wild-type strains. Renal pathology is suppressed and function improved in CSF-1-deficient MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. There are far fewer intrarenal Mphi and T cells in CSF-1-deficient MRL-Fas(lpr) vs wild-type kidneys. This leukocytic reduction results from suppressed infiltration, and intrarenal proliferation, but not enhanced apoptosis. The CSF-1-deficient MRL-Fas(lpr) kidneys remain preserved as indicated by greatly reduced indices of injury (nephritogenic cytokines, tubular apoptosis, and proliferation). The renal protective mechanism in CSF-1-deficient mice is not limited to reduced intrarenal leukocytes; circulating Igs and autoantibodies, and renal Ig deposits are decreased. This may result from enhanced B cell apoptosis and fewer B cells in CSF-1-deficient MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. Furthermore, the systemic illness including, skin, lung, and lacrimal and salivary glands pathology, lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly are dramatically suppressed in CSF-1-deficient MRL-Fas(lpr) as compared with wild-type mice. These results indicate that CSF-1 is an attractive therapeutic target to combat Mphi-, T cell-, and B cell-mediated autoimmune lupus.
Assessment of forage biomass and quality parameters of bermudagrass using proximal sensing of pasture canopy reflectance

Assessments of forage productivity and quality during the growing season can help livestock managers make decisions for adjusting stocking rate and managing pastures. Traditional laboratory methods of forage quality determination are usually time consuming and costly. Remote sensing may provide a rapid and inexpensive means of estimating forage biomass and quality variables. Canopy reflectance measurements were made, using a spectroradiometer, in five warm season grass pastures during the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons to develop and validate algorithms to predict above-ground biomass, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (CP) concentrations and CP availability (i.e. CP concentration × biomass yield) of the pastures. Forage biomass correlated (r 2 = 0.36, P < 0.0001) with a ratio of reflectance at 1145 and 1205 nm wavebands (R 1145 /R 1205 ). Crude protein concentration and CP availability correlated linearly with R 1695 /R 605 and R 875 /R 735 (r 2 = 0.61 and 0.47, P < 0.0001), respectively. Although NDF and ADF correlated significantly (P < 0.0001) with the reflectance ratios, the best reflectance ratios only explained 13‐35% of ADF and NDF variations. Multiple regression (MAXR) models with a total of 10-waveband entrances improved the relationships between forage quality and canopy reflectance values (r 2 = 0.27 − 0.74, P < 0.0001). Validation of developed equations indicated that forage biomass, CP concentration, and CP availability could be predicted using either the reflectances at 10 wavebands or the two-band reflectance ratios. Pasture NDF could also be predicted using the 10-band MAXR equation (r 2 = 0.58). Our results suggest that biomass and major quality parameters of warm season grass pastures can be rapidly and nondestructively predicted using canopy reflectance data.
Use of body fatness cutoff points.

To the Editor: In the July 2010 editorial of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, although correctly making the argument that “BMI [body mass index; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared] does not reflect true body fatness,” Lavie et al1 refer to the “National Institutes of Health [NIH] criterion standards” for percent body fat (BF) as greater than 25% in men and greater than 35% in women. The reference provided for this statement is a pamphlet2 for the general public, issued by the Weight Information Network (WIN), an NIH initiative to provide “science-based information on weight control, obesity, physical activity, and related nutritional issues.” Although I did not find any mention of body fat (BF) cutoff points in that publication, an earlier version3 did state that “Most health care providers agree that men with more than 25 percent body fat and women with more than 30 percent body fat are considered obese.” Note the discrepancy in cutoff for women between the editorial and the pamphlet. The discrepancy in cutoff for women aside, assuming that the earlier version is the intended citation, it is a bit of a stretch to elevate an unreferenced statement from a WIN pamphlet to an “NIH criterion standard.” Moreover, as one of the authors of the editorial recently stated, “Unfortunately, neither the World Health Organization nor any major scientific society involved in the study of obesity has defined a normal value for BF%.”4 Regarding BMI, the World Health Organization and NIH cutoff point of 25 was chosen because, in most epidemiological studies, mortality in both men and women begins to increase above this value,5 ie, there is evidence of a threshold effect. By contrast, there is little if any evidence to support that cutoff points of 25% in men and 35% (or 30%) in women are the optimal values for BF-based risk stratification. In the absence of a substantial body of literature characterizing the sex-specific relation between a continuum of BF percent values and morbidity and mortality, as well as potential moderating effects of age and race, the choice of BF percent cutoff points in research or clinical practice remains a highly subjective decision.
Why NMDA-receptor—dependent long-term potentiation may not be a learning and memory mechanism, or is it Memorex? A reply to Morris, Gallagher, and Staubli

In our paper, we offered another perspective on the findings reported by Morris, Anderson, Lynch, and Baudry (1986), Robinson, Crooks, Shinkman, & Gallagher (1989), and Staubli, Thibault, DiLorenzo, and Lynch (1989). In doing so, we called into question the NMDA-memory hypothesis . Here we address some of the points made in the comments on our paper by the authors Morris, Gallagher, and Staubli.
Relative Order of Sulfuric Acid, Bisulfate, Hydronium, and Cations at the Air-Water Interface.

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), bisulfate (HSO4–), and sulfate (SO42–) are among the most abundant species in tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols due to high levels of atmospheric SO2 emitted from biomass burning and volcanic eruptions. The air/aqueous interfaces of sulfuric acid and bisulfate solutions play key roles in heterogeneous reactions, acid rain, radiative balance, and polar stratospheric cloud nucleation. Molecular-level knowledge about the interfacial distribution of these inorganic species and their perturbation of water organization facilitates a better understanding of the reactivity and growth of atmospheric aerosols and of the aerosol surface charge, thus shedding light on topics of air pollution, climate change, and thundercloud electrification. Here, the air/aqueous interface of NaHSO4, NH4HSO4, and Mg(HSO4)2 salt solutions as well as H2SO4 and HCl acid solutions are investigated by means of vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) and heterodyne-detected (HD) VSFG spectroscopy. VSFG spec...
Prediction Accuracy in Multivariate Repeated-Measures Bayesian Forecasting Models with Examples Drawn from Research on Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

In study designs with repeated measures for multiple subjects, population models capturing within- and between-subjects variances enable efficient individualized prediction of outcome measures (response variables) by incorporating individuals response data through Bayesian forecasting. When measurement constraints preclude reasonable levels of prediction accuracy, additional (secondary) response variables measured alongside the primary response may help to increase prediction accuracy. We investigate this for the case of substantial between-subjects correlation between primary and secondary response variables, assuming negligible within-subjects correlation. We show how to determine the accuracy of primary response predictions as a function of secondary response observations. Given measurement costs for primary and secondary variables, we determine the number of observations that produces, with minimal cost, a fixed average prediction accuracy for a model of subject means. We illustrate this with estimation of subject-specific sleep parameters using polysomnography and wrist actigraphy. We also consider prediction accuracy in an example time-dependent, linear model and derive equations for the optimal timing of measurements to achieve, on average, the best prediction accuracy. Finally, we examine an example involving a circadian rhythm model and show numerically that secondary variables can improve individualized predictions in this time-dependent nonlinear model as well.
Psychosocial hypertension in members of a Wistar rat colony.

SummaryThis study was an attempt to induce hypertension in rats by the continuous psychosocial stimuli caused by aggregation. Wistar rats of both sexes were isolated from weaning to 4-5 mo of age. Tail cuff pressures were obtained every other week during the last 2 mo of isolation and up to 8 weeks of aggregation. Two types of physical conditions were used for aggregation: (1) 6 interconnecting cages in a wheel-like arrangement around a central eating and drinking area; (2) a single cage. Two wheels were used each with 24 rats, 12 males and 12 females and 10 single cages, each with 2 or 4 rats of the same sex. Other rats of both sexes remained isolated as controls. Approximately one-third of all aggregated rats of both sexes showed a 15 mm Hg or more average increase of systolic pressure during aggregation; other aggregated rats showed less average pressure rise. Rats in single cages did not fight nor did wheel aggregated females; nevertheless, arterial pressure increased among these rats. Among wheel agg...
The Influence of EDTA on Performance of Chicks Fed Corn-Soybean Meal Diets With and Without Trace Mineral Supplementation

Abstract CHELATING agents are found in a great variety of feedstuffs. Oxalic acid, starches, sugars, phytic acid, and proteins are only a few of the natural chelates that bind cations in feeds. Certain natural feedstuffs such as casein, liver extract, and distiller's dried solubles contain a factor or factors capable of improving both absorption and metabolism of zinc (Scott and Zeigler, 1963). These ingredients may contain natural chelates which normally function to improve transport and utilization of required mineral nutrients. O’Dell and Savage (1957) were among the first researchers to report the problem of cation unavailability in a feed source. They observed that the zinc requirement of chicks was greater in diets containing isolated soybean protein than in diets containing casein, gelatin, or egg white as a protein source. The excess requirement was apparently due to the fact that much of the zinc was chelated with phytic acid in the isolated . . .
Two Ways of Policing Cultural Heritage

The title of this paper is, of course, a play upon the title of Professor John Henry Merryman’s well-known essay which laid out the ways of conceptualizing cultural property law there are two ways to think about cultural objects. One as part of a national patrimony, and second as a piece of our collective cultural heritage. In a similar way there are two ways to envision jurisdiction of cultural heritage crime. Criminal law can of course apply to policing the individuals responsible for stealing, looting, selling and transporting illicit art and antiquities. Or, law enforcement resources can be used to secure the successful return of stolen art, and the protection of sites. The criminal law can regulate people; and it can also regulate things. In order to produce meaningful change in the disposition of art, it must do both effectively. Focusing on art at the expense of criminal deterrence for individuals is an incomplete strategy.
Presidential Control Across Agency Policymaking Forms

Accusations of presidential attempts to subvert an agency’s fulfillment of its statutory duties have become a staple of contemporary political discourse. Although White House influence over the most salient form of agency decisionmaking – rulemaking – remains subject to considerable oversight by other institutional actors, administrative agencies possess a variety of policymaking tools beyond rulemaking, including the issuance of policy guidance documents and the strategic exercise of enforcement discretion. The relative weakness of legal and political checks on these alternative tools would appear to create powerful incentives for agencies to channel policies – particularly contested or controversial ones – through particular tools to minimize constraints on executive power. This article evaluates the extent to which this account reflects contemporary agency practice through a case study of the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR). It finds that OCR has employed rulemaking to implement presidential policy preferences only once in the past quarter century, and the rare instances of OCR rulemaking show a judiciary and public eager and able to challenge resultant policies. The agency has been far more reliant on guidance documents to adopt presidential priorities, and these policies have proven immune from judicial attack, although they have been exposed to some public criticism. Most interestingly, OCR appears to effectuate significant policy shifts through the strategic exercise of enforcement discretion and has succeeded in evading any legal or political oversight in doing so, raising significant normative concerns regarding the accountability and legitimacy of such policies. While the importance of OCR’s mission renders this agency worthy of study in its own right, these findings carry broader implications regarding checks to presidential control across the administration state. The article closes by exploring the potential for institutional design reforms to strengthen existing checks on presidential control, focusing in particular on structural reforms to temper politically-motivated enforcement decisions.
Improved control of medication use with an integrated bar-code-packaging and distribution system.

The U.S. health care system has been under intense scrutiny because of a perceived lack of quality and unacceptably high error rates.[1][1]–[3][2] The application of technology to prevent errors has become a major emphasis in quality improvement programs. The Committee on the Quality of
The Merchant Crusaders: Eichler Homes and Fair Housing, 1949–1974

In the 1950s and 1960s, the National Association of Real Estate Boards and the California Real Estate Association openly opposed fair housing laws, referring to such laws as “forced housing.” Studies have noted that a handful of private developers spoke out against these major industry groups and even developed racially inclusive open-occupancy housing tracts. But the historiography has yet to account for the fact that some developers also helped shape fair housing laws behind the scenes. This study shows that major California developers Joseph “Joe” Eichler and his son Edward “Ned” Eichler exerted a great deal of influence on the regulatory environment by working with state and federal officials. This story is not better known because the Eichlers concealed their activism from the general public in an attempt to protect their business.
The Impasse of Telling the “Moral Story”: Transnational Christian Human Rights Advocacy for North Koreans

Nami Kim’s chapter examines how transnational conservative Christian human rights advocacy for North Koreans functions as a platform for the regeneration of the myth of American exceptionalism and the justification of US military presence in East Asia. Through the analysis of conservative Christian politics of human rights and its discourse, Kim argues that the politics of representation (i.e., representation of victim(s), villain(s), and savior(s)) is central to conservative Christian human rights discourse. A deeper question to understand this politics of representation is one that addresses the connection between the imperial logics of the Cold War manifested in anticommunism, the myth of American exceptionalism and Korean exceptionalism, and the mobilizing power of conservative Christians across national borders, on the one hand, and the gendered and raced subject of rescue and the Christian evangelizing mission expressed in the form of human rights advocacy, on the other hand.
In Patients with Chronic Venous Ulcer Is the Unna Boot Still the Best Approach to Wound Care

Of the four most common causes of lower extremity ulcerations (including arterial insufficiency, neuropathy, pressure and ischemia, and venous insufficiency), venous insufficiency is the most frequent, accounting for nearly 80 % of all lower leg ulcers. That number correlates to approximately one million people of the seven million that have venous insufficiency in the United States [1]. These lesions appear to be more common in women than men and are most frequently seen in patients between the ages of 60–80. However, according to Nelzen et al. [2] in their survey of the epidemiology of venous ulcerations, 22 % of individuals have their first ulcer before the age of 40. The Unna’s Boot Compression System, first developed by the German dermatologist Paul Gerson Unna, has been considered the standard of treatment for venous leg ulcerations since its inception in 1986 [3]. While compression therapy is still the key to healing venous leg ulcerations, there is evidence to suggest that multi-layered elastic bandages versus the rigid, inelastic Unna’s boot bandages, have become the current mainstay of therapy.
Psychiatric heterogeneity of recent suicide attempters: A latent class analysis.

Abstract Presence of, and comorbidity between, psychiatric disorders is a risk factor for suicide attempts. No study to date has used a person-centered approach to determine whether there are subgroups of attempters showing differing patterns of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to identify psychiatric subgroups amongst recent suicide attempters (i.e., hospitalized within 24 h of their attempt) and to determine whether identified classes could be differentiated in terms of important clinical correlates. Participants included 97 adult patients who were hospitalized due to a recent suicide attempt at a large Trauma 1 hospital. A structured diagnostic interview assessed a range of psychiatric disorders, and a battery of measures assessed acute and distal clinical correlates and characteristics of the current attempt. The person-centered analytic approach of latent class analysis was used to identify psychiatric diagnostic subgroups, or classes, of attempters. Three psychiatric subgroups were identified: Major Depressive Disorder, High Externalizing Disorders, and High Internalizing High Externalizing Disorders. Classes were found to significantly differ on a range of acute and distal clinical correlates, but not by demographics. Identification of psychiatric subgroups of individuals who have recently attempted suicide has important practical implications for increasing subsequent treatment utilization and tailoring treatment interventions for this population.
Tunable differentiation of tertiary C-H bonds in intramolecular transition metal-catalyzed nitrene transfer reactions.

Metal-catalyzed nitrene transfer reactions are an appealing and efficient strategy for accessing tetrasubstituted amines through the direct amination of tertiary C–H bonds. Traditional catalysts for these reactions rely on substrate control to achieve site-selectivity in the C–H amination event; thus, tunability is challenging when competing C–H bonds have similar steric or electronic features. One consequence of this fact is that the impact of catalyst identity on the selectivity in the competitive amination of tertiary C–H bonds has not been well-explored, despite the potential for progress towards predictable and catalyst-controlled C–N bond formation. In this communication, we report investigations into tunable and site-selective nitrene transfers between tertiary C(sp3)–H bonds using a combination of transition metal catalysts, including complexes based on Ag, Mn, Rh and Ru. Particularly striking was the ability to reverse the selectivity of nitrene transfer by a simple change in the identity of the N-donor ligand supporting the Ag(I) complex. The combination of our Ag(I) catalysts with known Rh2(II) complexes expands the scope of successful catalyst-controlled intramolecular nitrene transfer and represents a promising springboard for the future development of intermolecular C–H N-group transfer methods.
Revision of Stemmed Agility Implants.

Total ankle arthroplasty has advanced rapidly in the last 20 years. Early agility implants enjoyed improved survivability compared with more archaic total ankle implants. When talar subsidence occurs, the revision options include a stemmed component to improve stability by spanning the subtalar joint. Removal and revision of these stemmed components can be difficult because of ingrowth and bone loss.
Measuring Learning of Code Patterns in Informal Learning Environments (Abstract Only)

Quantitative studies of learning using block-based programming languages in informal environments have relied on identifying the presence or absence of individual visual blocks in learners' projects. Many important programming concepts (e.g., initializing a variable) involve the combination of several blocks. In this poster, we present a technique that uses a statistical method from epidemiology called "survival analysis" to model the rate at which programmers begin to use new code patterns. By analyzing data drawn from the trajectories of over 90,000 users from the Scratch online community, we demonstrate the potential of our approach. In particular, we model when users are at higher and lower levels of "risk" of demonstrating two particular code patterns -- variable initialization and counting collisions. We show that learning of these patterns is associated with behaviors like viewing the source code of other projects, remixing, and commenting. We explain how our method can be extended to help understand predictors of skill acquisition in informal environments more generally and how it can inform the design of more effective learning support structures.
Association of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer with a history of gestational diabetes

Excess circulating insulin may contribute to endometrial cancer (EC) development; studies suggest increased risk of EC associated with type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether gestational diabetes is associated with increased risk of EC and its precursor, endometrial hyperplasia (EH). We conducted a population-based, case–control study of women in Washington State. Cases were women with a hospital discharge record indicating the presence of EH/EC who could be linked to a prior delivery hospitalization or birth record from 1987 to 2013 (n = 593). Controls were randomly selected from remaining deliveries, frequency matched 10:1 on delivery year and maternal age at delivery (n = 5,743). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After adjustment for race/ethnicity, maternal age at delivery, and delivery year, EH/EC was associated with a history of gestational diabetes (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.27–2.35). This association was present for both EH and EC (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.00–2.60 and OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.22–2.65, respectively). After adjustment for prepregnancy body mass index, the OR for EH/EC was attenuated and became statistically non-significant (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.87–1.72), except in women <50 years old at the time of case ascertainment (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.00–2.20). Associations were slightly stronger for EC than EH. We observed an association between EH/EC and a history of gestational diabetes specific to younger women. Future studies focusing on the relationships between gestational diabetes, obesity, and EC, including age at diagnosis, are warranted.
"Fitspiration" to Inspire or to Mire? A Review of the Literature and Educational Implications.

Fitspiration has been positioned as an online interchange featuring images and text designed to inspire fitness and healthy eating. Given its ubiquity as an emerging social media trend, and its unintended impact on body image disturbance mediated by social comparison, Fitspiration has been understudied. This review draws on theoretical perspectives associated with traditional and new media impact on young women’s body image concerns, and overviews strategies to engage students in adopting a healthier body image. The manuscript also provides educational implications and directions for practice, particularly guided by media literacy models that may serve to intervene with body comparisons, inspire deeper learning and a renewed vision of fitness, health, and well-being.
Dural and skull base metastases.

Dural metastases (DM) usually affect patients in late stages of their disease with the majority of them harboring widespread metastatic disease that frequently accounts for the severity of the prognosis. They are also named pachymeningeal metastases and may arise from direct extension from skull metastasis or hematogenous spread from distant sites.
A (1 + 1/e)-approximation algorithm for maximum stable matching with one-sided ties and incomplete lists

We study the problem of finding large weakly stable matchings when preference lists are incomplete and contain onesided ties. Computing maximum weakly stable matchings is known to be NP-hard. We present a polynomial-time algorithm that achieves an improved approximation ratio of 1 + 1/e. Like a number of existing approximation algorithms for this problem, our algorithm is based on a proposal process in which numerical priorities are adjusted according to the solution of a linear program, and are used for tie-breaking purposes. Our main idea is to use an infinitesimally small step size for incrementing the priorities. Our analysis involves solving an infinite-dimensional factor-revealing linear program. We also show that the ratio 1 + 1/e is an upper bound for the integrality gap, which matches the known lower bound.
Hydrodynamics of Mangrove Roots and its Applications in Coastal Protection

Mangroves are tropical and sub-tropical coastal trees able to resist severe conditions including hurricanes and tropical storms. A potential characteristic of their resilience property is their complex root systems, which can be highly efficient to dissipate tidal energy. To further understand the key hydrodynamic parameters of mangrove trees, we modeled the rigid mangrove root system with a simplified array of circular cylinders (patch) and presented the simulation of the patch wake structure. Five patch porosities ranging from $\varphi =86$%to 96% $\left({\displaystyle \varphi =1-N\left({\frac {d}{D}}\right)^{2}}\right)$ were considered in numerical simulations with ANSYS Fluent. The complex two-dimensional flow structure of the cylinder wake was captured for various streamwise location including far wake region. In addition, the vorticity, and turbulence intensity contours were computed and analyzed. We compared the wake signature of the patch with a single cylinder of the same diameter. We found that, unlike the canonical cylinder, the vorticity field for the porous patch delays the formation of von Karman vortex street due to the small vortices in the near wake. An increase in patch porosity gives rise to the delay of vortex street formation and decays the wake vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy. The characteristic of the wake structure behind the patch could be used as guiding reference for coastal protection structures inspired by mangrove roots. Additionally, we present mangrove application in coastal protection.
Massive Ovarian Growth in a Woman With Severe Insulin-Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Receiving GnRH Analogue.

Context Ovarian hyperandrogenism from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hyperinsulinemia from insulin resistance are modulators of ovarian follicle development. We report on a woman with PCOS and hyperandrogenism and severe insulin resistance from metabolic syndrome who received long-term GnRH analogue therapy preceding bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for massive ovarian enlargement. Ovarian histological examination showed proliferating granulosa cells within antral follicles coexistent with serous cystadenofibromas, demonstrating a unique link between hyperinsulinemia and granulosa cell mitogenesis. Case description A 30-year-old woman with PCOS with hyperandrogenism, severe insulin resistance from metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis experienced abdominal pain from bilaterally enlarged ovaries. She had previously experienced a pulmonary embolism while taking oral contraceptives and hepatotoxicity from metformin and spironolactone therapies. Long-term GnRH analogue therapy to induce pituitary desensitization to GnRH successfully decreased gonadotropin-dependent steroidogenesis without improving insulin resistance. Despite GnRH analogue therapy, progressive ovarian enlargement in the presence of hyperinsulinemia from worsening metabolic function eventually required bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for removal of massively enlarged ovaries. Histological examination showed both ovaries contained proliferating granulosa cells within antral follicles coexistent with serous cystadenofibromas. Conclusions In women with PCOS and hyperinsulinemia from severe insulin resistance due to metabolic syndrome, granulosa cell proliferation within antral follicles can occur despite long-term GnRH analogue therapy, implicating hyperinsulinemia as a granulosa cell mitogen in the absence of gonadotropin-dependent ovarian function.
Character-building and freedom in education

Educators, parents, and policy-makers in the United States, as in other countries, are concerned about the apparent inability of many schools to contribute to the development of character and civic virtue in their pupils. The answer, experience shows, is not for government to require a pedagogy of state-defined character education which, in a pluralistic society, would inevitably create new conflicts. Instead, education policy should take advantage of the growing interest on the part of educators in creating autonomous, distinctive schools, and the continuing interest, on the part of parents, in being able to choose what school their children will attend. Schools which exhibit a distinctive character based upon a shared understanding of the goals of education are effective not only in teaching academics but also in developing positive character traits in their pupils. Charter schools and educational vouchers are two means of encouraging and supporting such coherent schools. The article concludes with a series of policy recommendations designed to balance the autonomy of schools against the need for public accountability.
Identifying malicious social media contents using multi-view Context-Aware active learning

Abstract This paper presents a semi-supervised, multi-view, active learning method, which uses an optimized set of most informative samples and utilizes domain specific context information to efficiently and effectively identify malicious forum content in web-based social media platforms. As research shows, the task of automated identification of malicious forum posts, which also helps in detecting their associated key suspects in web forums, faces numerous challenges: (1) Online data, particularly social media data originate from diverse and heterogeneous sources and are largely unstructured; (2) Online data characteristics evolve quickly; and, (3) There are limited amounts of ground truth data to support the development of effective classification technologies in a strictly supervised scenario. In order to address the above challenges, the proposed human–machine collaborative, semi-supervised learning method is designed to efficiently and effectively identify harmful, provocative, or fabricated forum content by observing only a small number of annotated samples. Our learning framework is initiated by modeling initial view-dependent classifiers from a limited labeled data collection and allows each, in an interactive manner, to evolve dynamically into a sophisticated model by observing data patterns from a shared shortlist of most informative samples, identified via a graph-based optimization method and solved by a maximum flow algorithm. By designing a context rich metric definition in a data-driven manner, the proposed framework is able to learn a sufficiently robust classification model, that utilizes only a small number of human annotated samples, typically 1–2 orders of magnitude fewer as compared to a fully supervised solution. We validate our method using a large collection of flagged words with a wide range of origins, words frequently appearing in web-based forums and manually verified by multiple experienced, independent domain experts.
Comparative performance evaluation of lateral and vertical GaN high-voltage power field-effect transistors

We have evaluated specific on-state resistance (R on,sp) and switching performance of various GaN power field-effect transistors (FETs) with 600 and 1200 V ratings using analytical calculation and numerical simulation. The normally-off GaN power FET family includes lateral p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), lateral metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) channel HEMTs, current aperture vertical electron transistors (CAVETs) and vertical U-shaped trench-gate MOS field-effect transistors (UMOSFETs). This study shows the advantages of vertical GaN power FETs over lateral GaN power HEMTs. These advantages include lower R on,sp and smaller switching energy loss, especially at higher blocking voltages (1200 V). At 600 V, lateral P-GaN gate HEMTs are competitive with vertical power FETs. Vertical GaN CAVETs perform better than both lateral HEMTs and vertical UMOSFETs at both voltage ratings, benefiting from its lowest R on*Q G figure-of-merit.
Abstract TP359: Partnering in the Community to Improve Long Term Stroke Outcomes

Background: Stroke mortality has fallen from the third leading cause of death to the fifth; it remains the leading cause of disability. Providers know the appropriate standard of care to preserve l...