cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Density-of-states tails associated with the 〈100〉 conduction band minima in heavily doped n-type GaAs

Abstract In contrast with the photoluminescence of lightly doped n -type GaAs, a reduction in the temperature of heavily doped material produced an intensification and a broadening of the spectrum on the high-energy side of the band gap. This effect is attributed to the presence of ‘density-of-states’ tails associated with the indirect 〈100〉 minima in the conduction band of the heavily doped material.
Increased platelet activity after termination of prostacyclin infusion into man.

Abstract Infusion of PGI2 at a dose of 5 or 10 ng/kg/min during 72 hours into patients with peripheral vascular disease was followed by increased susceptibility of platelets to proaggregatory action of ADP and collagen but not that of arachidonate. The above effects were observed 24 hours after termination of infusion of PGI2. A tendency to an increased formation of TXA2 in PRP aggregated by arachidonate was also noticed. Infusion of PGI2 at a dose of 2 mg/kg/min during 72 hours into the patients caused the decreased platelt aggregability to ADP and arachidonate but not to collagen, and a decreased tendency of production of TXA2 in PRP aggregated by arachidonate. The existence of a “rebound effect” in platelets after a long term PGI2 therapy is suggested.
Cooperative Adsorption of Proteins onto Hydroxyapatite

Protein adsorption isotherms are often described by the Langmuir equation. Protein adsorption is generally a cooperative process. Although the simple Langmuir equation does not normally include cooperativity, the Hill plot can represent cooperativity, including the degree of cooperativity. Our studies of the adsorption of lysozyme, albumin, transferrin, and lactoferrin onto hydroxyapatite suggest that cooperativity can be described as positive (n> 1.5), partially positive (1 <n< 1.5), partially negative (1 <n< 0.5), and negative (n< 0.5). There are three stages (i, ii, and iii) as protein concentration increases, similar to the cooperativity observed in the interaction between oxygen and hemoglobin. The number of stages is determined by the structural rigidity of proteins and by the lateral interactions between proteins and between protein and adsorbent. Our Hill plots show that stage ii has the lowest degree of cooperativity, stage iii has the highest, and stage i is in between, for most cases. In stage i the low degree of cooperativity is highly consistent with the linear range in the adsorption isotherm when protein solution concentration is low. These results provide useful information for the design and optimization of analytical adsorption chromatography. The factors determining the degree of cooperativity include protein conformation, pI, and solution pH. We now quantitatively understand the cooperative adsorption of these proteins on hydroxyapatite, the degree of cooperativity, and how to control the adsorption process.
Inheritance in Soybean of Resistant and Necrotic Reactions to Soybean Mosaic Virus Strains

Five soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars. PI 96983, Ogden, York, Marshall, and Kwanggyo, were studied to determine the inheritance of their resistant (R) or necrotic (N) reactions to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) strains G4, G5, G6, G7, and G7A. Each parent was crossed reciprocally with a susceptible (S) cultivar (Essex or Lee 68) to determine the number of genes for resistance or necrosis. The R parents were also crossed with each other to test the allelism of the genes conditioning the R or N reaction
Guidelines and Priorities for Undergraduate Clinical Practicum Programs.

(1983). Guidelines and Priorities for Undergraduate Clinical Practicum Programs. Teaching of Psychology: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 153-155.
Some results on λ-designs

Abstract A λ-design as introduced by Ryser [3] is a (0, 1)-square matrix with constant column inner products but not all column sums equal. Ryser has shown such a matrix to have two row sums and he constructs an infinite family of λ-designs called H -designs. This paper does three things: (1) generalizes Ryser's H -design construction to an arbitrary (ν, k , λ)-configuration, (2) establishes some additional general properties of λ-designs, and (3) determines all 4-designs.
Abstract 4343: Ionizing radiation reduces VLA4 mediated adhesion of macrophage via generation of ROS

Adhesion molecules have direct connection with radiation-associated atherosclerosis which is an adverse effect observed after radiation therapy, but the mechanism is still not fully understood. Considerable interest has been focused on the effect of radiation on endothelial cells. Previous work has demonstrated that adhesion molecules of endothelium are up-regulated after exposure to ionizing radiation, which facilitates adhesion of leukocytes and lymphocytes. However, as the initiator in the atherosclerosis development, not enough attention was paid to macrophages which are exposed to the same radiation. In this study, we report that the adhesion between very late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) and its ligand vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), the most important adhesion molecules for atherosclerotic lesion formation, was reduced after a clinical dose of radiation (5 Gy). All the adhesion evaluations were tested under flow conditions by using a parallel plate flow chamber to mimick physiological shear stress. We found that the adhesion decreased after irradiation despite macrophage surface expression of VLA-4 was up-regulated in a time dependent manner. Total level of alpha-4 integrin increased whereas beta-1 had no change. Pretreatment with free radical scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) did not change integrin expression but eliminated the adhesion difference following irradiation. Taken together, we hypothesize high levels of ROS generated by ionizing radiation inhibits the affinity of VLA-4 to VCAM-1, in which integrin expression is not the dominant factor. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4343. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4343
Neighborhoods for entailment

This paper presents a neighborhood semantics for logics of entailment. It begins with a minimal system Min that expresses the most fundamental assumptions about the entailment relation, and continues by examining various extensions that reflect further assumptions that might be made about entailment. This leads first to the logic B that is the basic relevant logic, and then to more powerful systems. All of these logics are proved to be sound and strongly complete. With B the neighborhood semantics meets the Routley–Meyer relational semantics for relevant logic; these connections are examined. The minimal and basic entailment logics are shown to have the finite model property, and hence to be decidable.
“Silent Work for Suffrage”: The Discreet Rhetoric of Professor June Rose Colby and the Sapphonian Society 1892–1908

During the early twentieth century, Illinois State Normal University Professor June Rose Colby employed a number of discreet rhetorical strategies to counteract the moral panic over the feminization of education on her own university campus. In particular, this article analyzes how Colby used a women's literary society—the Sapphonian Society—to prepare her women students to confront the rhetoric of a perceived “woman peril in education” (Chadwick 109). Colby's “discreet rhetoric” suggests the continuing need for historical scholarship that may reveal the often tacit, yet wholly subversive, rhetorical strategies of “silent” academic feminists.
Intratumoral Delivery of p2CMVmIL-12 Using Water-Soluble Lipopolymers

Our objective was to design a water-soluble lipopolymer (WSLP) and an interleukin-12 (IL-12) expression plasmid for enhanced delivery of the IL-12 gene. We synthesized WSLP using branched polyethylenimine (PEI) of 1800 Da and cholesteryl chloroformate, and constructed p2CMVmIL-12, encoding the IL-12 subunits p35 and p40, each under the transcriptional control of a separate cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. The percentage of cholesterol conjugated to PEI was about 47% and the average molecular weight of WSLP was approximately 2000 Da. The mean particle size of WSLP/p2CMVmIL-12 complexes formulated in 5% glucose was 26 to 62 nm and xi potential was 8 to 60 mV. The WSLP/p2CMVmIL-12 complexes were nontoxic to CT-26 colon carcinoma cells at the N/P ratio (nitrogen atoms of WSLP/phosphate of plasmid DNA) of 20 and below; PEI25000/pDNA complexes were highly toxic. WSLP/p2CMVmIL-12 complexes demonstrated higher transfection in CT-26 cells compared with the DNA formulations prepared using PEI of molecular weights 1800, 10,000 and 25,000 Da. Transfection efficiency increased with an increase in N/P ratios from 5 to 15, then there was no significant increase in transfection up to the N/P ratio of 30/1. There was an increase in the level of IL-12 when free or complexed p2CMVmIL-12 was compared with free or complexed pIRESmIL-12 in which the p35 and p40 subunits were linked to the internal ribosome entry sites (IRES). At 48 hours post-injection of WSLP/p2CMVmIL-12 complexes into BALB/c mice bearing CT-26 subcutaneous tumors, the levels of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and nitric oxide (NO) in the supernatant of the cultured tumors were higher for the WSLP/p2CMVmIL-12 complexes than for the naked p2CMVmIL-12, WSLP, and 5% glucose injected groups. There was a significant improvement in the survival rate and the inhibition of tumor growth after a single injection of WSLP/p2CMVmIL-12 complexes. We have designed an effective, nontoxic WSLP and an IL-12 expression plasmid with two CMV promoters.
The educational impact of metacognitive group coordination in computer-supported collaborative learning

Group coordination is a crucial component for successful collaborative learning, but is hard to achieve in an online learning environment. A web-based group coordination tool was developed based on metacognitive scaffolding principles for the study. The tool was implemented in an online course for a group project and its effects were investigated. A total of 59 students formed into 20 groups participated in and completed a project while being guided with the tool. Based on response rate to metacognitive prompts of the tool, groups were categorized as Active Metacognitive Team (AMT, n=30) or Passive Metacognitive Team (PMT, n=29). AMT showed higher positive interdependence than PMT at the end of the project. AMT perceived reciprocal help among group members while PMT did not. AMT also evaluated its group process higher than PMT did. These results show that groups who more actively used the coordination support tool established positive interdependence, engaged in positive interactions, and had enhanced group productivity.
Access vs. ownership: a SUNY University Center Libraries study of the economics of document delivery

ABSTRACT This paper examines a research study funded by the CLR (Council on Library Resources) and the SUNY (State University of New York) central administration and looks at issues surrounding the ownership and borrowing costs of scientific journals at the four SUNY Centers (Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo, and Stony Brook). Access to journal articles is compared in three ways: a consortial approach, traditional interlibrary loan (ILL), and commercial delivery services. Data was collected and analyzed in 1994/95 for scientific articles requested through ILL offices at the Center Libraries. Requests were coded and tracked and user satisfaction and opportunity costs were measured via a survey instrument. A decision rule based on cost factors related to ownership vs. delivery will be developed.
An Economic Justification of Protectionism

I. Introduction, 496; Manoilesco, Viner, and Haberler, 496; the argument of this paper, 497. — II. The empirical evidence, 498; economic growth and wage differentials, 498; the data, 499; are the differences real? 503. — III. The analytical model, 504; the one-factor case, 504; the two-factor case, 505; extensions and qualifications, 511. — IV. Empirical corollary; protectionism and growth, 513.
Heart-lung transplantation: Cardiac clinicopathological correlations.

Reports on heart-lung transplantation emphasize the pathology of the transplanted lungs. This study is a clinicopathological assessment of cardiac pathology in the hearts transplanted as part of the combined heart-lung block. Seventy-five consecutive heart-lung transplants (H-LTx) performed between 1981 and 1989 were studied. Endomyocardial biopsy, autopsy and clinical data were analyzed for information on cardiac rejection, graft coronary disease, transplant survival and the presence of obliterative bronchiolitis and compared with controls. The controls consisted of 391 heart transplants (HTx) performed in 361 recipients over the same time period. Sixty-three adults and nine children received H-LTx (48.6% male; 51.4% female). In this study, H-LTx were performed primarily for Eisenmenger's complex (3372) and primary pulmonary hypertension (2872). At 1 year H-LTx survival was 63.88%, versus 81.54% in HTx alone and 63.63% in lung transplant recipients without heart grafts. The results showed that H-LTx patients have less cardiac rejection compared to patients who undergo HTx alone (p < .005). Only 40% of H-LTx recipients developed acute cardiac rejection in the initial 3 months posttransplantation (post-Tx), compared with 80% of HTx controls. Only 4% of H-LTx recipients developed cardiac rejection after the initial 6 months. No cardiac rejection was observed in the initial 5 years post-Tx in 49.9% of H-LTx. Graft coronary disease was seen in 7.73% of H-LTx within the first 5 years post-Tx compared with 25.87% in HTx recipients alone (p < .005). Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) was present in 71.43% of H-LTx with graft coronary disease, compared to OB in only 41.38% of H-LTx without graft coronary disease (p < .05). In conclusion, H-LTx recipients have less acute cardiac rejection episodes than HTx recipients alone (p < .005). Most cardiac rejection in H-LTx occurs within the initial 6 months. In addition, H-LTx recipients develop less graft coronary disease than HTx recipients (p < .005). Obliterative bronchiolitis and graft coronary disease may be the result of the same immunological process, as 71.43% of H-LTx with graft coronary disease also had OB. Survival for H-LTx patients is more similar to that of lung transplant (LTx) patients alone than that of heart transplants alone, suggesting that it is the pulmonary pathology portion, rather than the cardiac pathology portion, in combined H-LTx transplants that contributes more to H-LTx survival.
Simulation analysis of the effect of herd immunity and age structure on infection of a cattle herd with bluetongue viruses in Queensland, Australia

A state-transition model based on Leslie matrix formulation was used to investigate the effects of herd immunity and age structure on the infection of a simulated cattle herd with bluetongue viruses under Australian climatic conditions. Increasing duration of immunity decreased the prevalence of infection. A duration of immunity of 33 months was consistent with prevalence estimates made from previous serological studies of bluetongue virus. Herd prevalence displayed slowly dampening cyclical variation over time (most pronounced when a short duration of immunity was simulated). Increasing calving and mortality risk rates in the simulated herd increased prevalence, whereas increasing age at first calving decreased prevalence. Manipulation of calving rates had the greatest effect on the predicted prevalence of infection in the herd. Simulation of a number of herd-management scenarios suggested that management systems in which cattle are bred early and where high calving rates are achieved are likely to contribute to high levels of infection with bluetongue viruses. Results confirm the importance of management factors in influencing the prevalence of infectious diseases in animal populations.
The application of molecular genetic approaches to the study of human evolution.

doi:10.1038/ng1113 The past decade of advances in molecular genetic technology has heralded a new era for all evolutionary studies, but especially the science of human evolution. Data on various kinds of DNA variation in human populations have rapidly accumulated. There is increasing recognition of the importance of this variation for medicine and developmental biology and for understanding the history of our species. Haploid markers from mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome have proven invaluable for generating a standard model for evolution of modern humans. Conclusions from earlier research on protein polymorphisms have been generally supported by more sophisticated DNA analysis. Co-evolution of genes with language and some slowly evolving cultural traits, together with the genetic evolution of commensals and parasites that have accompanied modern humans in their expansion from Africa to the other continents, supports and supplements the standard model of genetic evolution. The advances in our understanding of the evolutionary history of humans attests to the advantages of multidisciplinary research. review
Model Order Selection in Presence of Unknown Colored Noise

We consider the problem of detecting a number of complex sinusoids in unknown colored noise based on observations from an unstructured array. Based on extreme value theory, we first present a new model complexity penalty term for the log-likelihood function that outperforms both Minimum Description Length (MDL) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) in different array sizes. Second, we derive a new signal to noise ratio (SNR) threshold defining the breakdown point associated with the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator.
A Human Papillomavirus (HPV) In Vitro Neutralization Assay That Recapitulates the In Vitro Process of Infection Provides a Sensitive Measure of HPV L2 Infection-Inhibiting Antibodies

Papillomavirus L2-based vaccines have generally induced low-level or undetectable neutralizing antibodies in standard in vitro assays yet typically protect well against in vivo experimental challenge in animal models. Herein we document that mice vaccinated with an L2 vaccine comprising a fusion protein of the L2 amino acids 11 to 88 of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), HPV18, HPV1, HPV5, and HPV6 were uniformly protected from cervicovaginal challenge with HPV16 pseudovirus, but neutralizing antibodies against HPV16, -31, -33, -45, or -58 were rarely detected in their sera using a standard in vitro neutralization assay. To address this discrepancy, we developed a neutralization assay based on an in vitro infectivity mechanism that more closely mimics the in vivo infectious process, specifically by spaciotemporally separating primary and secondary receptor engagement and correspondingly by altering the timing of exposure of the dominant L2 cross-neutralizing epitopes to the antibodies. With the new assay, titers in the 100 to 10,000 range were measured for most sera, whereas undetectable neutralizing activities were observed with the standard assay. In vitro neutralizing titers measured in the serum of mice after passive transfer of rabbit L2 immune serum correlated with protection from cervicovaginal challenge of the mice. This “L2-based” in vitro neutralization assay should prove useful in critically evaluating the immunogenicity of L2 vaccine candidates in preclinical studies and future clinical trials.
Immobilized cell cross-flow reactor.

A cross-current flow reactor was operated using sodium alginate gel entrapped yeast cells under growth conditions. Micron-sized silica, incorporated into the biocatalyst particles (1 mm mean diameter) improved mechanical strength and internal surface adhesion. The process showed decreased productivity and stability at 35°C compared to the normal study done at 30°C. The increased number of cross flows diminish the product inhibition effect. The residence time distribution shows that the cross-flow bioreactor system can be approximated to either a train of backmixed fermentors in series or a plug flow fermentor with moderate axial dispersion.
Growing Up at the Intersection of the Genomic Era and the Information Age

Children actively seek to make sense of their worlds based on the information they receive and their experience. For children growing up at the intersection of genomic era and information age, the array of information and experience continues to expand. This article highlights the importance of exploring these early contexts for learning, including the children's exposure to books and mass media, and the impact of early learning on later health literacy and behaviors. This article presents a case study discussing the inheritance of cystic fibrosis using the Harry Potter book series.
Copper tolerance in fathead minnows: I. The role of genetic and nongenetic factors.

Swim performances of male and female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) from three different suppliers were determined before and after an 8- to 9-d exposure to 175 μg/L copper (Cu). The reduction in swim performance (delta) due to the Cu exposure varied widely among individual fish, but was surprisingly consistent from one supplier to the next and between males and females. Genetic analysis of the individuals revealed significant correlations between delta and genotypic variation at the glucosephosphate isomerase-1, phosphoglucomutase-1, and lactate dehydrogenase-2 enzyme loci. Based upon delta, the most Cu-resistant fathead minnows were bred together, as were the most Cu-susceptible individuals and two groups of unselected minnows. Larvae produced by each group of adults were subjected to a survival test. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for larvae produced by Cu-resistant adults was significantly greater than the LC50s for the control groups. Surprisingly, the LC50 for the larvae produced by Cu-susceptible adults was also significantly greater than the LC50s for the control groups, but not significantly different from the larvae produced by Cu-resistant parents. While Cu tolerance has a genetic component in fathead minnows, the Cu tolerance of larval fish appears to be influenced by nongenetic as well as genetic factors.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH—ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION: Determinants of Sexual Satisfaction in Men with Prostate Cancer

ABSTRACT Objective There is a growing debate about the important determinants of sexual satisfaction in men. Some authors argue that men's sexual satisfaction correlates with physical functioning variables such as erection quality and ejaculatory time. Other authors have suggested that the limited literature indicates that men's sexual satisfaction is related to psychosocial variables such as relationship satisfaction, depression, or anxiety. This study is the first to our knowledge to explore this question in men with prostate cancer. Materials and Methods This archival, cross-sectional research analyzed quality-of-life, depression, and anxiety data on 352 men with early- and late-stage prostate cancer. Questions from the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale-Prostate Cancer Version were used to assess sexual satisfaction, erectile function, and relationship closeness. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression. Results In general, the subjects reported low sexual satisfaction with a mean score of 2.3 on a 5-point Likert scale (1–5). In the correlational analyses, arthritis, brachytherapy, and depression/anxiety were all negatively associated with sexual satisfaction, while erectile function and relationship closeness were positively associated with sexual satisfaction ( P P P P Conclusions In this sample of men with prostate cancer, both physical and psychosocial variables were found to be important determinants of sexual satisfaction. Erectile function appears to have the strongest association with sexual satisfaction; however, variables such as relationship quality, depression, and anxiety are also clearly related to a satisfying sex life in this sample. Nelson CJ, Choi JM, Mulhall JP, and Roth AJ. Determinants of Sexual Satisfaction in Men with Prostate Cancer.
Elliptical structure of the lunar South Pole-Aitken basin

Abstract The South Pole-Aitken basin (SP-A) is the largest and oldest basin on the Moon. The basin has usually been interpreted to exhibit a degraded circular structure, but here we demonstrate that the topography, iron and thorium signatures of the basin are well described by ellipses with axes measuring 2400 by 2050 km and centered at −53°, 191°E. Topography, abundances of iron, thorium, and the distribution of mare basalts are all elevated in the northern halves of the ellipses. We also identify an outer topographic ellipse whose semiminor axis scales with the main topographic ellipse by approximately 2 . Taken together, these data imply that the basin was created by an oblique impact along an azimuth of approximately 19°, measured counterclockwise from longitude 191°E. The geometry of the elevated central farside topography surrounding SP-A suggests that it predates the impact. The elliptical ring structures of SP-A and their scaling relationships will help to understand the formation of large and elliptical basins elsewhere in the Solar System. This refined basin shape will also inform local geology, geochemistry, and geophysics of the region.
Health-Compromising Behaviors Among Young Adults in the Urban Emergency Department Opportunity for a Teachable Moment

Emergency departments (ED) are a point of care for many young adults and may provide a teachable moment leading to behavioral change. We determined the descriptive epidemiology of health-compromising behaviors in the young adult ED population by computing demographic-adjusted estimates of prevalence and frequency of hazardous drinking, risky driving, cigarette smoking, fast-food consumption, lack of exercise, and sleep deficit. We screened 8,815 young adults during an ED visit. Younger males had higher levels of fast-food and cigarette consumption. Non-Whites and females reported more days of little to no exercise. Whites and older individuals reported more nights of less sleep. Younger Whites reported consuming the most alcohol, with males consuming more than females. Risky driving was more frequent among younger males. Prevalence of health-compromising behaviors varied by demographics, but was higher than in the general population. Prevention strategies such as implementing a teachable moment in the ED may hold promise to reduce health-compromising behaviors.
Ensemble methods for advanced skier days prediction

The tourism industry has long utilized statistical and time series analysis, as well as machine learning techniques to forecast leisure activity demand. However, there has been limited research and application of ensemble methods with respect to leisure demand prediction. The research presented in this paper appears to be the first to compare the predictive power of ensemble models developed from multiple linear regression (MLR), classification and regression trees (CART) and artificial neural networks (ANN), utilizing local, regional, and national data to model skier days. This research also concentrates on skier days prediction at a micro as opposed to a macro level where most of the tourism applications of machine learning techniques have occurred. While the ANN model accuracy improvements over the MLR and CART models were expected, the significant accuracy improvements attained by the ensemble models are notable. This research extends and generalizes previous ensemble methods research by developing new models for skier days prediction using data from a ski resort in the state of Utah, United States.
Swept-frequency techniques

Swept-measurement techniques are developing rapidly and have demonstrated their crucial importance in advancing the microwave state-of-the-art. The key components of swept-measurement systems are discussed and the development of reflection coefficient measurements on a swept basis is examined in detail. Reflectometer and slotted-line accuracies are analyzed using signal flow graphs. The results are compared to illustrate that in the typical laboratory, swept-frequency measurements offer accuracy equivalent to the slower, more tedious, fixed-frequency systems. A significant step forward has been the development of instrumentation to completely characterize high-frequency networks by means of the complex scattering matrix. The new techniques for sweep-measuring the amplitude and phase of microwave parameters are explained and the s-parameter design procedures which have evolved are referenced.
LIGHT Expression by Mucosal T Cells May Regulate IFN-γ Expression in the Intestine

The TNF superfamily of cytokines play an important role in T cell activation and inflammation. Sustained expression of lymphotoxin-like inducible protein that competes with glycoprotein D for binding herpesvirus entry mediator on T cells (LIGHT) (TNFSF14) causes a pathological intestinal inflammation when constitutively expressed by mouse T cells. In this study, we characterized LIGHT expression on activated human T cell subsets in vitro and demonstrated a direct proinflammatory effect on regulation of IFN-gamma. LIGHT was induced in memory CD45RO CD4+ T cells and by IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells. Kinetic analysis indicated rapid induction of LIGHT by human lamina propria T cells, reaching maximal levels by 2-6 h, whereas peripheral blood or lymph node-derived T cells required 24 h. Further analysis of intestinal specimens from a 41 patient cohort by flow cytometry indicated membrane LIGHT induction to higher peak levels in lamina propria T cells from the small bowel or rectum but not colon, when compared with lymph node or peripheral blood. Independent stimulation of the LIGHT receptor, herpesvirus entry mediator, induced IFN-gamma production in lamina propria T cells, while blocking LIGHT inhibited CD2-dependent induction of IFN-gamma synthesis, indicating a role for LIGHT in the regulation of IFN-gamma and as a putative mediator of proinflammatory T-T interactions in the intestinal mucosa. Taken together, these findings suggest LIGHT-herpesvirus entry mediator mediated signaling as an important immune regulatory mechanism in mucosal inflammatory responses.
Immunologic reactions in chronic wounds

Although, healing is initiated by local inflammation, excessive or prolonged inflammation may delay healing and increase scar potential. Inflammatory cascades in the wound's microenvironment are triggered by complement degradation products; polymorphonuclear leukocyte products; oxygen free radicals; enzymes, particularly proteinases; and microbial products. Infection, ischemia, necrotic or severely damaged tissue, or foreign matter propel and prolong inflammation and challenge host defenses, leaving the patient susceptible to further microbial invasion. Occlusion dressings can minimize necrotic tissue by preventing desiccation, aiding debridement, and providing a barrier against exogenous pathogenic organisms, thus limiting the resulting inflammatory cascade.
Sex Differences in Jealousy A Contribution From Attachment Theory

Studies have found that more men than women endorse sexual infidelity as more distressing than emotional infidelity, whereas more women than men endorse emotional infidelity as more distressing than sexual infidelity. Some evolutionary psychologists have proposed that this sex difference can be best conceptualized as reflecting evolution-based differences in parental investment that produce a need for paternity certainty among men and a need for male investment in offspring among women. Nonetheless, a conspicuous subset of men report emotional infidelity as more distressing than sexual infidelity. Current theorizing explains between-sex differences but not within-sex differences. We hypothesized that attachment-style differences may help to explain both between- and within-sex differences in jealousy. As hypothesized, dismissing avoidant participants reported more jealousy regarding sexual than emotional infidelity (64.8%), and secure participants, including secure men, reported more jealousy regarding emotional than sexual infidelity (77.3%), chi(2)(3, N = 411) = 45.03, p < .001. A series of sequential logistic regression analyses indicated significant moderation of the sex-jealousy relationship by attachment style. Implications of an attachment perspective are discussed.
Latest Pleistocene advance of alpine glaciers in the southwestern Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA: Evidence for the influence of local moisture sources

Cosmogenic surface-exposure 10 Be dating of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) moraines indicates that glaciers in the southwestern Uinta Mountains remained at their maximum positions until ca. 16.8 ± 0.7 ka, ∼2 k.y. after glaciers in the neighboring Wind River Range and Colorado Rockies began to retreat. The timing of the local LGM in the southwestern Uintas overlaps with both the hydrologic maximum of Lake Bonneville and preliminary estimates of the local LGM in the western Wasatch Mountains. This broad synchroneity indicates that Lake Bonneville and glaciers in northern Utah were responding to similar climate forcing. Furthermore, equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) for reconstructed LGM alpine glaciers increase with distance from the Lake Bonneville shoreline, rising from ∼2600 m to ∼3200 m over the 120 km length of the glaciated Uintas. This pronounced ELA gradient suggests that the magnitude of the latest Pleistocene glacial advance in the western Uintas was due, at least in part, to enhanced precipitation derived from Lake Bonneville; thus, the lake acted as a local amplifier of regional climate forcing. This relationship underscores the sensitivity of alpine glaciers to moisture availability during the latest Pleistocene, and further demonstrates the importance of local moisture sources on glacier mass balance.
2.6.1 The Schedule as Independent Variable (SAIV) Process for Acquisition of Software‐Intensive Systems

In this article, we show how you can use the MBASE process framework to generate a family of acquisition process models for delivering user-satisfactory systems under schedule, cost, and quality constraints. We present the six major steps of the Schedule/Cost/Schedule-Cost-Quality as Independent Variable (SAIV/CAIV/SCQAIV) process using SAIV and a representative Department of Defense (DoD) Command, Control, and Communications Interoperability application as context. We then summarize our experience in using SAIV on 26 University of Southern California electronic services projects, followed by discussions of SAIV/CAIV/SCQAIV application in the commercial and defense sectors, of model application within the DoD acquisition framework, and of the resulting conclusions.
Coronary Artery Calcification Is Often Not Reported in Pulmonary CT Angiography in Patients With Suspected Pulmonary Embolism: An Opportunity to Improve Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome

pulmonary thromboemboli; coronary calcification; acute coronary syndrome; coronary heart disease; CT pulmonary angiography
Pelagic species diversity, biogeography, and evolution

Abstract Pelagic (open-ocean) species have enormous population sizes and broad, even global, distributions. These characteristics should damp rates of speciation in allopatric and vicariant evolutionary models since dispersal should swamp diverging populations and prevent divergence. Yet the fossil record suggests that rates of evolutionary turnover in pelagic organisms are often quite rapid, comparable to rates observed in much more highly fragmented terrestrial and shallow-marine environments. Furthermore, genetic and ecological studies increasingly suggest that species diversity is considerably higher in the pelagic realm than inferred from many morphological taxonomies. Zoogeographic evidence suggests that ranges of many pelagic groups are much more limited by their ability to maintain viable populations than by any inability to disperse past tectonic and hydrographic barriers to population exchange. Freely dispersing pelagic taxa resemble airborne spores or wind-dispersed seeds that can drift almost ...
Sialylation of the Gram-Negative Bacterial Cell Surface

Sialic acids (NeuAc) and its derivatives are found on cell membranes and in body fluids in all mammals and many higher-order animals, as well as pathogenic microorganisms. Based on an understanding of the biosynthesis of sialic acid and the evolving elucidation of the genomes of multiple microbes, researchers have described at least four mechanisms of microbial surface sialylation. These include de novo synthesis, donor scavenging, trans-sialylation and precursor scavenging. To understand the role of sialic acids in pathogenesis, it is important to examine their role in eukaryotic systems. Sialic acid-dependent receptors play an important role in adhesion to mammalian cells. Two examples of the receptors, the selectin and sialoadhesin families, are discussed in this chapter. There is a correlation between sialic acid levels and the development of cancer. A tumor cell has an increased amount of sialylation and sialyltransferase activity. The biological effects of sialylation, which mediate antiphagocytosis, anticomplement activity, and protection against bactericidal killing, have the potential to act with sialic acid binding immunoglobulinlike lectins (siglecs) on the surface of hematopoietic and immune system cells. Many bacteria produce neuraminidases, which can modify the sialylation of microbial and human tissues. Bacterial biofilms and their role in pathogenicity have generated considerable interest because of their role in antimicrobial resistance and pathogenesis. Recent studies demonstrating the potential for cooperative behavior between bacteria suggest that in complex communities, the disadvantages of surface sialylation may be obviated by neuraminidase production by a neighboring microbial partner.
Deficiencies in Cellular Processes Modulated by the Retinoblastoma Protein Do Not Account for Reduced Human Cytomegalovirus Replication in Its Absence

UNLABELLED Despite encoding multiple viral proteins that modulate the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in a manner classically defined as inactivation, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) requires the presence of the Rb protein to replicate efficiently. In uninfected cells, Rb controls numerous pathways that the virus also commandeers during infection. These include cell cycle progression, senescence, mitochondrial biogenesis, apoptosis, and glutaminolysis. We investigated whether a potential inability of HCMV to regulate these Rb-controlled pathways in the absence of the Rb protein was the reason for reduced viral productive replication in Rb knockdown cells. We found that HCMV was equally able to modulate these pathways in the parental Rb-expressing and Rb-depleted cells. Our results suggest that Rb may be required to enhance a specific viral process during HCMV productive replication. IMPORTANCE The retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor is well established as a repressor of E2F-dependent transcription. Rb hyperphosphorylation, degradation, and binding by viral oncoproteins are also codified. Recent reports indicate Rb can be monophosphorylated, repress the transcription of antiviral genes in association with adenovirus E1A, modulate cellular responses to polycomb-mediated epigenetic methylations in human papillomavirus type 16 E7 expressing cells, and increase the efficiency of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) productive replication. Since Rb function also now extends to regulation of mitochondrial function (apoptosis, metabolism), it is clear that our current understanding of this protein is insufficient to explain its roles in virus-infected cells and tumors. Work here reinforces this concept, showing the known roles of Rb are insufficient to explain its positive impact on HCMV replication. Therefore, HCMV, along with other viral systems, provide valuable tools to probe functions of Rb that might be modulated with therapeutics for cancers with viral or nonviral etiologies.
The Magic of Raymond: How Jury Orientation Prepares Citizens for Jury Service

Despite the fact that county staffs make common practice of carrying out jury orientations meticulously, day-in and day-out, available research has not previously investigated the efficacy of such practices. Does this orientation procedure provide jurors with anything more than a history lesson and logistical information? If so, what is the nature of those effects? Furthermore, are jurors with varying levels of familiarity with the jury system impacted differently by this orientation procedure? Our study provides answers to these questions and suggests that courtroom administrators can use juror orientation as an instrument for improving juror participation and confidence in the jury system.
A Rapid Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay for the Measurement of Serum Luteinizing Hormone-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (LH-HCG) Activity in very early Pregnancy

A rapid solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) method for the quantitative measurement of luteinizing hormone-human chorionic gonadotropin (LH-HCG) in serum in very early pregnancy is decribed. The technique is a rapid modification of an immunadsorbent method originally described by Wide and Porath (1966). The method has been used for the diagnosis of pregnancy as early as the 26th day of the menstrual cycle. It has also proven useful in detecting pregnancy in patients being treated for secondary infertility and in the study of various disorders of early pregnancy.
Insight into Potential Cu(II)-Binding Motifs in the Four Pseudorepeats of Tau Protein

Tau protein and Cu(II) are believed to be associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. However, little is known about atomic-level interactions between tau protein and Cu(II). Herein, we suggest, on the basis of electron spin resonance (ESR) data, that the four pseudorepeats of tau protein in the microtubule-binding region play an important role in Cu(II) binding. We use a number of tau protein fragments in order to examine Cu(II)-binding site(s) and binding affinities. Continuous-wave (CW) ESR experiments on the four highly conserved octadecapeptides, each of which is a segment of one of the four pseudorepeats, reveal that the equimolar Cu(II) complexes of the four octadecapeptides are similar to one another in terms of the coordination environment and binding affinity. The spectra obtained with pulsed ESR techniques such as electron spin–echo envelope modulation and hyperfine sublevel correlation provide direct evidence that a histidine residue and a backbone amide group coordinate to Cu(II)...
The skiing sequelae of tibial torsion.

Summary 1. The normal human develops significant external tibial torsion during growth, more so in the right tibia than in the left. 2. External rotation of the leg on the fixed foot enforces supination of the foot with a resultant shift of weight to the outer border of the foot. 3. Parallel skiing demands an element of external rotation of the tibia over the foot to correct for the natural external tibial torsion in most individuals. 4. Individuals with greater than normal external tibial torsion may have great difficulty in parallel skiing owing to loss of balance and inside edge control. 5. Further investigation of this relationship and of the ability of “cants” to improve the performance of the slewfooted skier seems indicated.
Analysis of Geohelminthes Infections in Chongqing in 2007

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of geohelminthes infection in Chongqing and to develop strategy for the disease prevent. Method Accord to the geographical situation of Chongqing,3 monitoring points,namely Liangping (south east mountain areas),Changshou (central suburb areas) and Yongchuan (western hills areas),were established.Inhabitants with an age of 3 or above were included in the monitoring. Parasite eggs (tapeworms,round worms and pinworms) in the fecal samples were tested using Kato-Katz thick smear method. Cellophane anal swab was used for collecting pinworm eggs in children between 3-12 years old.10 samples were randomly collected from each surveillance area. Soil samples (30 gram) were collected from the vegetable garden,lavatory,backyard and the kitchens. Roundworm eggs in soils were separated by centrifugation/sedimentation method and were determined under microscope. Viability of the roundworm eggs was determined by the cultivation method. Result Samples from 3142 people were examined.975 subjects had geohelminthes infection. The infection rate was 31.03%. 736 subjects had roundworm infection and the infection rate was 23.43%. The rate of hookworm and whipworm infection was 7.89% and 5.41%,respectively. The rate of pinworm infection in children was 16.54%. Gender difference in the roundworm and whipworm infection was not observed.Hookworm infection rate in women was higher than men.Infection rate in the subjects over 50 years old was significantly lower than the others. The whipworm infection rates were similar in all age group. Roundworm eggs were found in the vegetable garden,lavatory,garden and the kitchens. Conclusion The infection rate of geohelminthes was high in Chongqing.The infection rate in the east-mountain areas was higher than the central suburb and western hills areas.The incidence of geohelminthes infection is correlated with the presence of parasite eggs in environmental samples.
Diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of cervical conization.

Cervical conization was performed on 756 patients at the University of Kentucky Medical Center from July 1, 1964, to January 1, 1973. Sixty-six patients were pregnant at the time of conization. Eighty-six per cent of patients with cytologic findings of carcinoma in situ had histologic verification of carcinoma in situ or severe dysplasia, and there was absolute correlation between cytology and histology in 75 per cent of patients with occult invasive cancer. Cervical biopsies without colposcopic direction predicted either severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ in 77 per cent of cases but were accurate in only seven of 24 patients with occult invasive cancer. Carcinoma in situ was present in 30 per cent of hysterectomy specimens following conization but recurred in only seven per cent of patients followed without hysterectomy. Recurrent carcinoma in situ following hysterectomy was more common in patients with residual intraepithelial cancer in the uterus but was independent of the size of the vaginal cuff removed. Major postconization complications requiring hospitalization occurred in 3.4 per cent of nonpregnant patients and in 7.5 per cent of pregnant patients.
Design and analysis of a mechanical tentacle system for mobile manipulation of small unmanned aerial vehicles

We present here a mechanical prototype design and its operation of a single DOF (degree of freedom) tentacle system for small unmanned aerial vehicles such as quadcopter to be used for various possible operations including object pickup/release, landing on irregular surfaces, perching, and even additional propulsion as most of flying animals do. The tentacle system is cable-driven, using two servos, 3D printed, and 9.5 cm long and weighs 0.1 kg.
332. Correction of the Sickle Cell Anemia Mutation in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The prevalence of sickle cell anemia (SCA) in the US is approximately 70,000 to 100,000 individuals, affecting mostly the African American and Hispanic communities. While improvements in the treatment of SCA has increased both the lifespan and the quality of life of SCA patients, only hematopoietic stem cell transplants offer a lasting cure. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have significantly advanced the potential of developing a personalized, cell and genetic therapy for diseases like SCA by generating patient-specific stem cells in which the underlying disease-causing mutations could be corrected. Differentiation of the corrected cells into engraftable progenitors underlies their utility for autologous replacement or repair of diseased tissues. In these studies, homology directed repair (HDR) was achieved using sequence-specific TALENs in conjunction with HBB targeting vectors to generate seamless, footprint-free gene correction of the HBs exon 1 SCA A-to-T transversion mutation in sickle cell iPSCs (SC-iPSCs). These studies were supported by NIH Program Project Grant (PPG) DK088760.