cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Management of Atrial Fibrillation in a Patient with Unrepaired Atrial Septal Defect

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent comorbidity in adults with atrial septal defect (ASD), one of the most common congenital heart defects. However, there are currently limited recommendations for the management of AF associated with ASD. This article describes a case using a planned approach of catheter ablation followed by transcatheter device closure and discusses management options.
CRISPR-mediated genome editing of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites

The development of the CRISPR-Cas system is revolutionizing genome editing in a variety of organisms. The system has now been used to manipulate the genome of Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal malaria-causing species. The ability to generate gene deletions or nucleotide substitutions rapidly and economically promises to accelerate the analysis of novel drug targets and to help elucidate the function of specific genes or gene families, while complementing genome-wide association studies.
Phosphorylation of Ezrin by Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Induces the Release of Rho GDP Dissociation Inhibitor to Inhibit Rac1 Activity in Senescent Cells

Normal somatic cells enter a state of irreversible proliferation arrest-designated cellular senescence, which is characterized by biochemical changes and a distinctive morphology. Cellular stresses, including oncogene activation, can lead to senescence. Consistent with an antioncogenic role in this process, the tumor suppressor pRb plays a critical role in senescence. Reexpression of pRb in human tumor cells results in senescence-like changes, including cell cycle exit and cell shape alteration. Here, we show that pRb-induced senescent SAOS-2 cells and senescent human diploid fibroblasts are accompanied by increased phosphorylation of ezrin at T235 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and consequent dissociation of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (Rho-GDI) from an ezrin/Rho-GDI complex. The release of Rho-GDI results in increased interaction with Rac1 GTPase and inhibition of Rac1 GTPase activity. In addition, reduction of Rho-GDI by small interfering RNA in pRb-transfected cells prevented senescence-associated flat cell formation, suggesting that Rho-GDI plays an important role in contributing to cellular morphology in the process of senescence.
Cervical conjoined nerve root variant: preoperative imaging and surgical confirmation

A case of a nerve root anomaly in a patient presenting with cervical radiculopathy is presented. The patient was treated with posterolateral exploration and decompression, resulting in relief of pain and improvement in strength. Both the preoperative contrast-enhanced computerized tomography scan and the magnetic resonance image demonstrated an abnormality behind the C-4 body extending from the right C3-4 neural foramen to the neural foramen at C4-5. At surgery, a dural-encased structure was discovered connecting the C-4 and C-5 nerve roots within the spinal canal. This paper describes the first reported case of a cervical nerve root anomaly of this type, representing a variant of a conjoined nerve root. The occurrence of such nerve root anomalies in the cervical spine should be entered into the differential diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculopathy.
EGFR inhibitors as first-line therapy in EGFR mutation-positive patients with NSCLC.

Purpose: The purpose of this review article is to describe the recent data supporting the use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the first-line setting of EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Summary: EGFR receptor TKIs were originally developed in unselected NSCLC patients and demonstrated modest clinical benefit compared to placebo. With the discovery of improved benefits in the approximately 16% of NSCLC patients with an EGFR mutation, trials in selected populations were undertaken, demonstrating comparable efficacy to standard chemotherapy with an improved toxicity profile. The most common toxicity is rash, sometimes requiring dose adjustment and discontinuation and the most serious toxicity is interstitial lung disease, which occurs in about 1% of patients treated with EGFR receptor TKIs and is fatal in 30% who develop this toxicity.Conclusion: The EGFR receptor TKIs are an effective therapy in EGFR-mutated NSCLC and are recom...
Spatio-temporal dynamics of genomic organization and function in the mammalian cell nucleus.

Ronald Berezney , Kishore S. Malyavantham, Artem Pliss, Sambit Bhattacharya, Raj Acharya Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Iron Deficiency and Brain Development

Iron deficiency (ID) is common in pregnant women and infants worldwide. Rodent models show that ID during gestation/lactation alters neurometabolism, neurotransmitters, myelination, and gene/protein profiles before and after iron repletion at weaning. Human infants with iron deficiency anemia test lower in cognitive, motor, social-emotional, and neurophysiologic development than comparison group infants. Iron therapy does not consistently improve developmental outcome, with long-term differences observed. Poorer outcome has also been shown in human and monkey infants with fetal/neonatal ID. Recent randomized trials of infant iron supplementation show benefits, indicating that adverse effects can be prevented and/or reversed with iron earlier in development or before ID becomes severe or chronic. This body of research emphasizes the importance of protecting the developing brain from ID.
Fas-dependent CD4+ cytotoxic T-cell-mediated pathogenesis during virus infection

beta(2)-Microglobulin-deficient (beta(2)m(-)) mice generate a CD4(+) major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted cytotoxic (CTL) response following infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus (LCMV). We have determined the cytotoxic mechanism used by these CD4(+) CTLs and have examined the role of this cytotoxic activity in pathogenesis of LCM disease in beta(2)m(-) mice. Lysis of LCMV-infected target cells by CTLs form beta(2)m(-) mice is inhibited by addition of soluble Fas-Ig fusion proteins or by pretreatment of the CTLs with the protein synthesis inhibitor emetime. In addition, LCMV-infected cell lines that are resistant to anti-Fas-induced apoptosis are refractory to lysis by these virus-specific CD4(+) CTLs. These data indicate that LCMV-specific CD4(+) CTLs from beta(2)m(-) mice use a Fas-dependent lytic mechanism. Intracranial (i.c.) infection of beta(2)m(-) mice with LCMV results in loss of body weight. Fas-deficient beta(2)m(-).lpr mice develop a similar wasting disease following i.c. infection. This suggests that Fas-dependent cytotoxicity is not required for LCMV-induced weight loss. A potential mediator of this chronic wasting disease is tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, which is produced by LCMV-specific CD4(+) CTLs. In contrast to LCMV-induced weight loss, lethal LCM disease in beta(2)m(-) mice is dependent on Fas-mediated cytotoxicity. Transfer of immune splenocytes from LCMV-infected beta(2)m(-) mice into irradiated infected beta(2)m(-) mice results in death of recipient animals. In contrast, transfer of these splenocytes into irradiated infected beta(2)m(-).lpr mice does not cause death. Thus a role for CD4(+) T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in virus-induced immunopathology has now been demonstrated.
An algebraic framework for quadratic invariance

In this paper, we present a general algebraic framework for analysing decentralized control systems. We consider systems defined by linear fractional functions over a commutative ring. This provides a general algebraic formulation and proof of the main results of quadratic invariance, as well as naturally covering rational multivariable systems, systems with delays, and multidimensional systems. The approach extends to the extended class of internally quadratically invariant systems.
LASIODERMA SERRICORNE (COLEOPTERA: ANOBIIDAE): SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAP CATCH AND DISTANCE FROM AN INFESTED PRODUCT

The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), was selected as a representative stored-product beetle to test the validity of contour mapping of trap catch for pest monitoring in warehouses and retail stores. Three experiments, each replicated 5 times, were conducted in a 3.2 x 9.0-m aluminum shed. Each experiment involved releasing beetles at a single point and recording the numbers captured after 6, 24, and 48 h in each of 14 baited pitfall traps distributed over the floor of the shed. The experiments differed only with respect to the point of release. Beetles were released passively from rearing boxes placed at one of 3 release points, and consecutive contour maps of trap catch tracked their dispersal from each point. As the beetles dispersed and total trap catch increased, the outlying traps captured increasingly more insects, but cumulative trap catch remained highest near the release points. The rate of capture was highest immediately after release and declined with time, rapidly at first and then more slowly until it became nearly constant. The cumulative numbers captured by any trap after 6, 24, and 48 h decreased exponentially with distance from the point of release. The observed spatial patterns of trap catch relative to sources of infestation and the inverse relationship of trap catch to distance from a source support the validity of contour mapping as a means of monitoring stored-product insects and locating foci of infestation.
Rethinking the Fusion of Technology and Clinical Practices in Functional Behavior Analysis for the Elderly

Functional assessment is the test of the ability of a person to perform basic self-care activities that are instrumental for living safely and independently in a home. Gerontology classifies these self-care activities as Activities of Daily Living ADL. There exist many clinical and systems measures for performing functional assessment. This paper critically reviews the state of art in these assessments. This paper also talks about the disconnect between the clinical and the technological measures. It also discusses future directions to establish a practical and objective method of conducting functional assessments.
Caregiving in Middle Childhood: Coping with Typical and Atypical Development

Middle childhood. Few scholars have described what it feels like better than A. A. Milne, in his essay, “In Which Pooh Goes Visiting and Gets Into a Tight Place.” Winnie-the-Pooh ate way, way too much honey and became stuck while climbing through the hole to leave Rabbit’s house.
Models and Mystification

In response to the points raised by Carr-Hill I would like to describe the use of Mathematical Mystification to keep women in their intellectual place. The higher places of the academic intellectual community are organised around a few secretive priesthoods. As the business community has the locker-room talk, the squash games and the old-boy network, our intellectual elites have a monastery-like atmosphere to communicate and screen information, make reputations, and in general organise distribution of power. Until puberty the distribution of mathematical talent is uniform across the sexes. Afterwards it changes drastically. Studies have confirmed that girls' interest in mathematics plummets at around age 12, when adolescence makes them more aware of roles (see 'Math Mystique: Fear of Figuring', Time. 14th March 1977; the work of Lynn Fox' doctoral dissertation at Johns Hopkins University; and the findings of the National Institute of Education meeting in Washington, D.C., USA, February 1977). The myth starts there. Young women are forcefully discouraged, intimidated and coerced into either thinking they are no good for mathematics, or that their chances are very slim.
Heat transfer characteristics and cooking efficiency of different sauce pans on various cooktops

Abstract Ever increasing energy cost necessitates the development in the design of cookwares and cooktops. Both cooktop manufacturers and cookware manufacturers claim they are energy efficient; however, there appears to be a dearth of independent comparative investigations, with a combination of several sauce pans and different cooktops. Accordingly, this study was taken up to research the heat transfer characteristics of different sauce pans on electric coil, natural gas and induction cooktops, and identify the most appropriate pans for each cooktop. Seven pans (A-G) were heated on different cooktops until the base reached 450 °F and cooled to 88 °F measured through thermocouples fixed at the bottom and wall, in addition to thermal image taken at 10 seconds intervals. Statistical analyses of heating time (2–10.22 min), cooling time (28–82 min), and cooking efficiency (16–81%) revealed the existence of significant differences not only among different pans and cooktops, but also in their interactions. Cooking efficiency was in the order of 28, 39.3 and 70%, respectively, for natural gas, electric coil, and induction cooktops. Maximum cooking efficiencies of 35.5 and 81.3% were recorded for pan C on natural gas and induction cooktops, respectively. A maximum cooking efficiency of 51.8% was recorded for pan A on electrical coil cooktop. Statistical analyses reveal that pans had a greater impact on cooking efficiency than that of cooktops. Differences in cooking efficiencies are due to differences in heating principles and cooktop wattage; pan size and shape, composition, base thickness and mass. Based on the Wisconsin residential utility charges ($0.1416/kWh for electricity, $0.0385/kWh for natural gas), because of their composition pans C had the lowest ($2.80, 4.81, and 13.23) and pan D had the highest ($8.11, 12.00, and 30.32) energy cost for heating a liter of water daily over a year, respectively, for natural gas, induction, and electric coil cooktop. Mathematical equations for predicting heat transfer behaviors (heating and cooling) of pans on different cooktops were established based on experimental data and can be useful in predicting temperature at any given time.
Latinas and Intergenerational Caregiving: An Integrative Review of the Literature.

Background: Identifying gaps in the literature regarding Puerto Rican childbearing women and intergenerational caregiving will facilitate future nursing practice and research regarding the ameliora...
Dopamine: Context and counterfactuals.

How does the brain learn what feels good? How does it adapt to new foods, bad bets, and played-out songs? How is it tricked into wanting ever-increasing doses of heroin or cocaine? Is there a simple rule that links neural signaling to the fundamental approach and avoidance responses on which more complex behavior is built?
Can’t Take My Eyes Off of You: Eye Tracking Reveals How Ruminating Young Adolescents Get Stuck

Rumination, a cognitive process that involves passively, repetitively focusing on negative feelings and their meaning, is a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. Research with adults has suggested that attentional control difficulties may underlie rumination, but questions remain about the nature of these processes. Furthermore, the relationship between attentional control and rumination in youth has received little empirical examination. In the present study, 92 youth (ages 9-14; 72% girls; 74% Caucasian) reported on their trait rumination and internalizing symptoms. They also completed a 1,500 ms emotional-faces dot-probe task while their eye movements were measured to examine overt visual attention with high temporal precision. Youth's rumination was associated with greater dwell on emotional faces but not with initial orientation. These findings suggest that rumination is associated with increased attention to emotional information during the later stages of selective attention rather than earlier orienting to emotional cues. Implications for prevention and treatment of psychopathology are discussed.
NONHAZARDOUS URINE PRETREATMENT METHOD FOR FUTURE EXPLORATION SYSTEMS

acceptance of sodium benzoate as an antifungal agent in food, and the use of organic acids as food preservatives. Urine pretreatment in use aboard the International Space Station (ISS) is based upon the strong oxidant, hexavalent chromium, and operates at a pH < 1.8, which necessitates triple containment. This carcinogenic oxidant generates harmful oxidation products in urine and is rapidly rendered inactive by oxidation-reduction reactions. In comparison, the nonhazardous urine pretreatment chemicals are stable and safe to handle with benign storage and use requirements. These characteristics will lower urine pretreatment Equivalent System Mass (ESM) by decreasing containment volume and mass, expendable chemical mass, system complexity, and crew time needed to handle pretreatment chemicals.
Special Issue Foreword: On the Political Economy of Amateur Athletics

In its most artless definition, political economy refers to the study of inter- and intrastate transaction—concerned in large part with the dialectics of state governance and the production/consumption functions therein. Many of us, with varying degrees of deliberation, have read the works of forerunning political economists such as Adam Smith (c. 1723-1790), David Ricardo (c. 1772-1823), Thomas Malthus (c. 1766-1834), John Stuart Mill (c. 1806-1873), Karl Marx (c. 1818-1883), and Thorstein Veblen (c. 1857-1929). These classic political economists and their contemporaries shared a concern for the extent to which land, labor, income, capital, and the population derived value from, and maintained contingency with, state polity. While each diverged from the others in how to best organize the State in relation to markets and exchange activities (and vice versa) so as to optimize the citizenry’s well-being, these scholars and their contemporaries laid the foundations for the long-standing field of inquiry fixed on exploring how various national political systems (democracy, monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, etc.), markets, and political and economic behavior could bring about national prosperity, maximize individual freedom, or raise collective utility.
Energy-Momentum Approaches to Impact Mechanics

This chapter deals specifically with dynamic impact problems, exploring in particular the interaction of contact constraint enforcement schemes with the globally observed behavior of temporal integration schemes such as those introduced in Section 2.4.2. Specifically, we focus our interest now on the sort of numerical issues that arise when one simulates potentially inelastic impact events in large deformations, as might be typified by the Taylor impact results obtained using classical Newmark methods in Section 5.5.1.3. In particular, the “bouncing” phenomenon depicted for the Taylor problem in Figure 5.19 provides good motivation for the issues considered in this chapter. As can be seen in that figure, use of the trapezoidal rule from the Newmark family, in conjunction with the contact constraints considered to this point in the monograph, gives rise to alternating states of contact/no contact for nodes on the interface, representing obviously spurious behavior. The bouncing can be eliminated through introduction of numerical damping, but at the cost of a loss of numerical accuracy. Furthermore, in the most general case, the introduction of numerical damping may stabilize a solution (or eliminate oscillations as in the bar impact problem), but often leaves the analyst wondering whether some physically meaningful behavior may also be erroneously affected by this remedy.
Elements of Statistical Thermodynamics

This is a second appendix, meant to review the fundamental relations between microscopic and macroscopic properties of materials. It deals with partition functions, the statistical representation of functions of state, distribution functions, and the approach to equilibrium. Also included are short derivations of Curie’s law for magnetic susceptibilities and Ohm’s law for electrical conductivity.
Abstract 193: Ambulatory Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Have Low Levels of Aerobic Fitness and Suboptimal Adherence to Guideline-Recommended Minimum Physical Activity

Purpose: Lifestyle intervention remains the cornerstone for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, levels of fitness and adherence to physical activity recommendations in this population have been poorly quantified to date. Methods and Results: Subjects with medically-treated T2DM and prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD risk factors were recruited from outpatient clinics at a single academic medical center. All subjects underwent maximal exercise treadmill testing with measurement of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and completed a 7-Day Physical Activity Recall interview (7D-PAR). A total of 150 subjects participated, with a mean age of 54.9 ± 9 years; 41% women; 40% Black, 33% White, and 21% Hispanic; mean BMI 34.5 ± 7.2 kg/m2; mean HbA1c 7.7 ± 1.8%; 41% insulin use; and median T2DM duration 7 years (IQR 4 - 12 yrs). Seventy-two percent had hypertension, 73% hyperlipidemia, and 35% prevalent CVD. Mean VO2peak scaled to fat-free mass (VO2peak-FFM) was 27.4 ± 6.5 ml/kg-FFM/min (for context, threshold of <19 ml/kg-FFM/min used for cardiac transplant candidacy). Mean energy expenditure estimated by the 7D-PAR was 34.3 ± 4 kcal/kg/day (7% above a completely sedentary state). Sleep comprised 56.7 hrs/week (IQR 48.8 - 64 hrs); most of the net weekly reported activity was light (105.5 hrs; IQR 98.3 - 114.8 hrs), with little moderate (2.1 hrs; IQR 0.7 - 5.2), and rare reported hard (n = 31 subjects) or very hard (n = 12 subjects) activity. Forty-seven percent failed to achieve the minimum recommended physical activity for health (1.4 kcal/kg/day of moderate, hard, or very hard physical activity). Conclusion: Patients with T2DM at highest CVD risk report extremely low levels of physical activity, associated with low measured fitness by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Continued efforts to develop systems and processes to close this therapeutic gap remain important. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Materiality, iconic nature, and Albert Bierstadt’s “Great Pictures”

This article builds on the cultural sociological program for the study of materiality, material symbolism, and iconic power. Having a theoretical basis in Durkheim’s claims regarding the social potency of totems and other material symbols, two new concepts – sensuous surface and conductive surface – are introduced. These concepts, which distinguish between icons’ formal aesthetic power and their power as repositories and conduits of symbolic principles of control, elaborate and extend Jeffrey Alexander’s notion of iconic surface. The analytical purchase of these concepts is demonstrated in an analysis of the works of the 19th century American landscape painter Albert Bierstadt. Bierstadt played a key role in the genesis of the variety of iconic nature – the aesthetically potent, symbolically resonant, and conductively efficacious image of the physical landscape – characteristic of American modernity. The sensuous features of Bierstadt’s work offer a representation of nature carrying constitutive power that is autonomous from its symbolic resonances. This case is significant, given the role played by iconic nature in modern American experience. By shining light on the genetic roots of the American variety of iconic nature, this article helps nuance accounts of the role played by material symbols in the process of cultural differentiation.
Exoskeletons for Rehabilitation and Personal Mobility: Creating Clinical Evidence

Exoskeletons are devices which have recently gained substantial attention in the field of rehabilitation, especially for use in individuals with neurological disorders (ND). In individuals with ND, mobility limitations and subsequent reduced activity levels contribute to significant reductions in quality of life. Wearable robots or exoskeletons hold much promise to fulfill this unmet need of over-ground mobility and unimpaired gait. However, variable research evidence and clinical efficacy are deterring the impact of these eloquent devices from being introduced into everyday rehabilitation practice. This research summary will highlight some research studies conducted at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago (RIC) with various exoskeletons, focusing on their clinical efficacy and personal mobility outcomes.
Integrating component cues for human pose tracking

Tracking human body pose in monocular video in the presence of image noise, imperfect foreground extraction and partial occlusion of the human body is important for many video analysis applications. Human pose tracking can be made more robust by integrating the detection of components such as face and limbs. We proposed an approach based on data-driven Markov chain Monte Carlo (DD-MCMC) where component detection results are used to generate state proposals for pose estimation and initialization. Experimental results on a realistic indoor video sequence show that the method is able to track a person during turning and sitting movements.
A Feminist Critical Policy Analysis of Patriarchy in Leadership

This chapter examines patriarchal assumptions of leadership in superintendencies in American public education. Using feminist critical policy analysis as a guiding framework, we first present historical trends of sex segregation in education, noting that while teaching has historically been feminized, higher positions in leadership are most often occupied by White, heterosexual men. We note shifts: as women have recently begun to fill more principal positions, this has been accompanied by a solidification of men’s dominance of the superintendency. We unpack the historical cultural assumptions of gender embedded in influential cultural texts, including the Bible and political discourse. These texts provide important insight into the prevailing underrepresentation of women in higher leadership positions they depict women as naturally subservient and in need of men’s protection. Thus, biblical and political speech reinforce and perpetuate traditional gendering of educational leadership. We conclude with a call for further integration of feminist theory and practice into educational leadership.
Accomplishing Equilibrium in ALSEP: Demonstrations of Modified Process Chemistry on 3-D Printed Enhanced Annular Centrifugal Contactors☆

Abstract The major components of the modified ALSEP process have been demonstrated on a modified 2-cm annular centrifugal contactor with an enhanced mixing zone using stable fission products and radiotracers. The results show that by decreasing the pH of the minor actinide stripping solution, using HEDTA instead of DTPA, and increasing contact time, the process is very effective in separating americium from the lanthanides and the fission products.
Alkyl Chain Length Dependence of Backbone-to-Backbone Distance in Polymerized Ionic Liquids: An Atomistic Simulation Perspective on Scattering

The backbone-to-backbone correlation length in polymerized ionic liquids (polyILs) manifested as the low-q peak in scattering profiles increases with increasing alkyl chain length, concomitant with ever-growing nonpolar domain size. Understanding the dependence of the correlation length on the pendant alkyl chain length is crucial to effectively designing polyILs for electrochemical applications. Herein, extensive atomistic MD simulations for a complete homologous series of poly(n-alkylvinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide), poly(CnVim Tf2N) (n = 2–8), have been carried out to investigate the liquid structure with emphasis on scattering. Neutron scattering with isotopic labeling affords more versatile ways to vet the intrinsic structure, but different isotopically labeled neutron and X-ray scattering data do not necessarily lead to the same position of the low-q peaks. Such an unintended consequence has a nontrivial implication on exploitation of scattering experiments.
Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction in Hospice Social Work

As part of the interprofessional team of hospice caregivers, social workers are exposed to multiple stressors, both in their work with dying patients and their families and in functioning as professionals within rapidly changing health care organizations. Ongoing exposure to such stressors prompts concern about the emotional and psychological effect working with people who are dying may have on those who do it. Further, an understanding is needed regarding how hospice social workers interpret the costs and benefits of their work and how they cope with the dying and loss that pervade their everyday work lives. This descriptive, cross-sectional study explored the prevalence of compassion fatigue among hospice social workers and considered compassion satisfaction as a means to mitigate compassion fatigue. Fifty-five hospice social workers from 34 hospice organizations in Michigan completed an online survey. Results suggested that compassion fatigue is indeed a concern among hospice social workers. In addition, compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction were found to be negatively correlated and suggested that compassion satisfaction may act as a protective mechanism against compassion fatigue. These results may provide insight regarding how best to mitigate this professional hazard in end-of-life social work.
Environmental Mitigation of Construction Impacts

Abstract Mass transit construction projects include numerous potential environmental impacts that require mitigation measures, and strategies to prevent pollution and save natural resources. An environmental review at the beginning of each renovation project should study all potential environmental impacts, list all potential hazardous or regulated material that may be encountered, and propose sustainability measures in the construction phase, such as recycling, to save landfill space and energy. The beneficial reuse of excavated or excess soil can save the use of virgin material. Using concrete and steel, with a percentage of recycled content, can benefit the environment by saving natural resources. Environmental protection of the surrounding area must be ensured while constructing, rehabilitating, or demolishing a subway tunnel and train infrastructure. During construction, protected domains such as wetlands require extraordinary care to protect natural habitats, and should be avoided to minimize environmental damage. Construction staging, noise and vibration, and dust control strategies lessen environmental impacts on surrounding neighborhoods.
An Annotated Catalog of the Leiodidae (Coleoptera) of the Nearctic Region (Continental North America North of Mexico)

Presented is an annotated catalog of the 38 genera and 382 species of Leiodidae known to occur in the Nearctic Region of North America north of Mexico (the continental USA and Canada). Information on types, distributions, and biologies is included. Twelve of the species also or probably occur in Mexico, and 16 of the species also occur in Europe and/or Asia (i.e., are Holarctic in distribution). Ptomaphagus (Appadelopsis) neojonesi Peck and Newton is proposed as a nomen novum (replacement name) for Ptomaphagus (Adelops) jonesi Peck, 1978, preoccupied by Ptomaphagus valentinei jonesi Jeannel, 1949. Stereus arenarius Peck and Cook, 2009 is transferred to Pseudotriarthron as P. arenarium (Peck and Cook, 2009), new combination.
Abstract LB-035: Tumor suppressive role of sestrin2 during colitis and colon carcinogenesis

The mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways are critical regulators of intestinal inflammation and colon cancer growth. Sestrins are stress-inducible proteins, which suppress both mTORC1 and ER stress; however, the role of Sestrins in colon physiology and tumorigenesis has been elusive due to the lack of studies in human tissues or in appropriate animal models. In this study, we show that human SESN2 expression is elevated in the colon of ulcerative colitis patients but is lost upon p53 inactivation during colon carcinogenesis. In mouse colon, Sestrin2 was critical for limiting ER stress and promoting the recovery of epithelial cells after inflammatory injury. During colitis-promoted tumorigenesis, Sestrin2 was shown to be an important mediator of p539s control over mTORC1 signaling and tumor cell growth. These results highlight Sestrin2 as a novel tumor suppressor, whose downregulation can accelerate both colitis and colon carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Seung-Hyun Ro, Xiang Xue, Yatrik Shah, Jun Hee Lee. Tumor suppressive role of sestrin2 during colitis and colon carcinogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-035. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-035
Pipelining a triggered processing element

Programmable spatial architectures composed of ensembles of autonomous fixed-ISA processing elements offer a compelling design point between the flexibility of an FPGA and the compute density of a GPU or shared-memory many-core. The design regularity of spatial architectures demands examination of the processing element microarchitecture early in the design process to optimize overall effciency.This paper considers the microarchitectural issues surrounding pipelining a spatial processing element with triggered-instruction control. We propose two new techniques to mitigate pipeline hazards particular to spatial accelerators and non-program-counter architectures, evaluating them using in-vivo performance counters from an FPGA prototype coupled with a rigorous VLSI power and timing estimation methodology. We consider the effect of modern, post-Dennard-scaling CMOS technology on the energy-delay tradeoffs and identify a set of microarchitectures optimal for both high-performance and low-power application settings. Our analysis reveals the effectiveness of our hazard mitigation techniques as well as the range of microarchitectures designers might consider when selecting a processing element for triggered spatial accelerators. CCS CONCEPTS • Computer systems organization → Pipeline computing; Reduced instruction set computing; Multiple instruction, multiple data; Multicore architectures; Interconnection architectures; • Hardware → Power and energy;
A parametric study on leading-edge slots used on wind turbine airfoils at various angles of attack

Abstract In the present work, a narrow span-wise rectangular channel (referred to as a slot) is introduced and drilled near the leading edge of a finite-span cambered airfoil to study its impact on the overall aerodynamic performance. This slot starts from the vicinity of the leading edge and exits from the pressure-side of the airfoil after making a slight turn. NACA 4412 is used as the baseline airfoil profile, and the influence of several geometrical parameters of the slot at the chord-based Reynolds number of 1.6 M, and different angles of attack (AoAs) ranging from 0 to 16° on the lift and drag coefficients are investigated. The effect of slot's width (thickness), inlet angle, and vertical position are studied, and the appropriate range of values for each variable is determined. For one of the best cases examined, a lift coefficient improvement as large as 30% is observed, while the drag penalty is insignificant. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used for modeling and analysis, and the results are validated against both published data and the data from a set of wind-tunnel experiments.
PSA Velocity at Presentation as a Predictor of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remains the best available marker for the detection of prostate cancer and for monitoring evidence of recurrence after treatment; yet, it has limitations both as a diagnostic and as a prognostic tool when considered on its own. Methods to improve the predictive and prognostic significance of PSA have led to innovations such as considering the rate of rise in serial PSA levels prior to diagnosis of prostate cancer. PSA velocity has significant advantages over a single-PSA measurement not only in differentiating between men with prostate cancer and those with benign disease, but also in predicting the biological aggressiveness of prostate cancer at presentation. PSA velocity at presentation, and in particular an increase in the PSA level by more than 2 ng/ml during the year prior to diagnosis, is significantly associated with more advanced tumor stage, higher grade, and a shorter time to PSA failure, prostate cancer-specific and all-cause mortality following radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy in men with prostate cancer.
“CIMVIEW”: A TOOL FOR SYMBOLIC TOP-DOWN SIMULATION FOR CIM

CIMVIEW, a tool for symbolic top-down modelling and simulation of company operations is proposed. In CIMVIEW the user interactively builds an SA/SD dataflow model of the functions of the company. The functional decomposition of ‘bubles’ is internally converted into Lisp representation. The contents of the dataflow ‘arrows’ is derived interactively from the actual customer files or scanned paper documents and converted into hierarchic Lisp lists. The result is a Lisp model of the company functions under investigation. This model can be utilized by Lisp-based tools for many purposes, including symbolic simulation, animation, metrics, data consistency and usage checks. The model can be used as a passive data structure for tools or as an executable skeleton programto hook the tools in.
RESTENOSIS: PREVENTION OF A COMPLETE STABILIZING REMODELING RESPONSE TO WALL SHEAR AND TENSILE STRESS FOLLOWING DIRECT INTERVENTIONS ON PLAQUES

The nature of restenosis at sites of direct intervention designed to restore patency to obstructed atherosclerotic arteries remains an enigma. Despite evidence that the occlusive intimai reaction is characterized by migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, clinical administration of known inhibitors of smooth muscle cell migration and/or proliferation has not altered the 30–40% incidence of re-occlusion within a few months1–5. The list of such agents includes antiplatelet, antithrombotic, antiproliferative and growth inhibiting compounds as well as calcium-channel blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The deployment of stents promises to delay the obstructive process but does not prevent the intimai hyperplastic reaction6–8. Strategies to apply x-irradiation or gene delivery as inhibitors of proliferation with or without stenting are under active investigation but have not as yet proved clinically effective. Nor does the use of cholesterol lowering drugs affect the incidence of post-interventional restenosis9.
Enzyme Studies with the Mössbauer Effect

We have used the Mossbauer effect to study the found in the active centers of two enzymes, cytochome c and putidaredoxin. The temperature dependence and magnitude of the quadrupole splitting of cytochome c are interpreted in terms of molecular orbitals. The Mossbauer spectra of putidaredoxin show that the two iron atoms of that molecule are identical and one electron reduces both. The Mossbauer data are correlated with the results of electron-spin resonance and magnetic susceptibility experiments and are discussed in terms of models of the active site.
Academic Journals Assessed as Springboards for New Developments: A Study of Leading Anesthesia Journals Over Past 50 Years

Abstract Purpose The impact of academic journals on scientific activity can be measured using different approaches. The aim of this study was to assess the leading anesthesia journals as springboards for new developments in the field of anesthesia. Methods The selection of the topics for analysis was based on the degree of increase in the number of articles on a topic that was at the center of specialty interest during 1966-2015. The assessment of a journal's response to a new development was made by measuring the number of initial articles on a related topic. Six leading anesthesia journals were assessed collectively and individually as to whether their responses to new developments were prompt and prominent. Results The role of the leading specialty journals in presentation of 28 topics related to prominent new developments in anesthesia was found to depend on the nature of topics and the type of articles. Compared with all PubMed journals publishing articles associated with anesthesia in 1966-2015, the six leading anesthesia journals published 43% of drug-related research articles, 30% of technique-related research articles, and 16% of both drug- and technique-related review articles. Regarding initial publications (on new topics), this group of six journals contributed comparably more articles: from 43% to 84% of drug-related research articles, from 30% to 49% of technique-related research articles, from 16% to 33% of drug-related review articles, and from 16% to 25% of technique-related review articles. The approximate doubling of the shares demonstrates the dominance of this group of journals in the swiftness response to new anesthesia developments. The promptness of reaction to new developments in anesthesia of each of the six leading anesthesia journals was assessed (the combination of drug- and technique-related articles) based on the number of articles published among the first (first 5 plus next 30) on all 28 topics. The ranking order of four journals (with the highest number of all 1966-2015 articles) regarding early publications was (from high to low): Anesthesia & Analgesia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, Anesthesiology, and Anaesthesia. Conclusion This study assesses six leading anesthesia journals for their function as springboards for new developments in anesthesia over the past 50 years. The dominance of leading journals in initial publications on 28 drug-related and technique-related topics was clearly demonstrated. The results also indicate the possibility of using promptness of response to new advances for quantitative assessment of this aspect of a journal's contribution to the specialty.
Phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr(T)495 induces mitochondrial fission and a hyper-proliferative endothelial cell phenotype in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell proliferation play an important role in the pathological arterial constriction associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The mechanisms underlying this blood vessel remodeling is unclear. Recent studies have implicated a disruption of mitochondrial network dynamics to favor fission in the attenuation of mitochondrial function in PAH. We found that mitochondrial fission, or fragmentation, enhanced in endothelial cells isolated from IPAH patients. Further, this shift of morphology correlated with an increase of aerobic glycolysis, the Warburg effect. We also identified an increase in mitochondrial generated reactive oxygen species. These changes correlated with an increase in phospho(p)-T495eNOS protein levels Interestingly, high-resolution fluorescent imaging showed an increase in p-T495-eNOS levels on the mitochondria. We also found that the adenoviral-mediated overexpression of a phosphoT495eNOS mimic (T495DeNOS) in normal human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAEC) was sufficient to induce mitochondrial fission, a glycolytic shift, and stimulate proliferation. Mdivi-1, an inhibitor of the major mitochondrial fission regulator, Drp1 significantly attenuated both mitochondrial fission and cell proliferation. Finally, we found that inhibiting cellular glycolysis using the hexokinase 2 inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), attenuated the proliferation of EC cultured form IPAH patients and sensitized them to TNF-α mediated apoptosis. Thus, we conclude that the phosphorylation of eNOS at T495 is intimately involved in regulating both mitochondrial morphology and the Warburg effect during PAH and the development of the hyper-proliferative anti-apoptotic EC phenotype associated with the development of PAH.
Quadratic quantities in acoustics: Scattering cross-section and radiation force

Abstract Time-harmonic acoustic waves interact with a scatterer: this interaction is calculated using linear, first-order theory. However, there are quadratic, second-order quantities that are of interest. These include the scattering cross-section and the steady radiation force; these quantities can be expressed as integrals of products of first-order quantities over a sphere. These integrals are evaluated exactly. The results are infinite series of products of the coefficients in the spherical multipole expansions of the incident and scattered fields; they do not depend on the radius of the spherical integration surface. For a specific scattering problem, the coefficients can be connected by an appropriate T -matrix. In most previous work, the spherical surface is moved to infinity so that far-field quantities can be introduced: it is shown that this process is not straightforward and it may introduce spurious difficulties.
Quantifying irrigation recharge sources using groundwater modeling

Abstract Irrigated agriculture has created artificially high groundwater levels that are now considered the normal condition in some Montana (USA) valleys. Rural housing developments that use wells completed in these shallow aquifers depend upon the annual recharge from irrigation practices and infrastructure. However, water conservation efforts aiming to reduce the volume of irrigation water diverted from streams, by either converting fields from flood irrigation to sprinkler irrigation or lining irrigation canals, may reduce recharge to the underlying alluvial aquifers. For resource managers looking to both preserve the groundwater resource for domestic well use and reduce the volume of water diverted from rivers, knowing the primary source of groundwater recharge is key to choosing the most appropriate water-saving method. To address this question, a groundwater model of an irrigated valley was constructed to quantify the relative importance of groundwater recharge from infiltration of flood-applied irrigation water versus leakage from irrigation canals. In contrast to using assumed infiltration rates based upon irrigation method efficiency, applied irrigation recharge rates were approximated through the model by matching the magnitude and timing of measured hydrographs. Model results suggest that 1. canal leakage is the primary irrigation-related recharge source in this flood-irrigated valley, and 2. assumed applied-irrigation recharge rates based upon irrigation method can greatly overestimate recharge. Flood irrigation’s low efficiency (a high percentage of applied water is not evapotranspired) may result in groundwater recharge studies that find applied irrigation is the more important groundwater recharge pathway. Our work shows that water budgets and groundwater models that use inputs based upon irrigation method efficiency may overstate the importance of irrigation application to groundwater recharge. At this site, irrigation-water conservation efforts that also aim to maintain domestic groundwater supplies should focus on improving the efficiency of irrigation method rather than reducing leakage from the canals.
Keeping what real? Vinyl records and the future of independent culture:

The revived popularity of vinyl records in the United States provides a unique opportunity for ‘rethinking the distinction between new and old media’. With vinyl, the new/old dichotomy informs a mo...