cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scattering of visible and near infrared radiation by NaCl ice and glacier ice

Abstract Measurements are presented for the phase functions of glacier ice, columnar NaCl ice, and grease ice. Results for glacier ice show a shoulder at 80° characteristic of scattering from vapor bubbles. The NaCl ice types show similar forward scattering but significantly stronger backscattering. The scattering is predominantly due to the brine inclusions, and in the visible region the phase functions are independent of wavelength. For columnar NaCl ice samples, the phase functions depend on sample orientation as well as deflection angle; however, this effect can be ignored for many applications. Orientation-averaged values are presented for general use, and the empirical results are fitted to bimodal Henyey-Greenstein functions.
Effects of an Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron on the Hydrogen Energy Levels

The bound states in a Coulomb field of a charged, spin \textonehalf{}, particle with an electric dipole moment are obtained. The nonrelativistic Schr\"odinger equation for such a particle is solved in closed form. The wave functions are generalizations of the Coulomb wave functions, involving Laguerre polynomials of nonintegral upper index. The accidental degeneracies of the Coulomb energy levels are removed by the dipole interaction. In particular, there will be an additional contribution to the splitting between the $2{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $2{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ states coming from the dipole moment. By requiring that this extra energy shift should not destroy the agreement between the theoretical and experimental values of the Lamb shift, it is found that the dipole moment of the electron must be less than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm times the electron charge. Other effects of the dipole moment on the hydrogen energy levels are discussed.
Centric Relation: A Survey Study to Determine Whether a Consensus Exists Between Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and Orthodontists

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a consensus among oral and maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists as to the definition of centric relation. Materials and Methods A survey constructed from 5 definitions of centric relation as provided from the “Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms” was sent to the chairpersons of every oral and maxillofacial surgery and orthodontic program in the United States. Only full-time faculty members from each program were asked to respond to the survey. The different responses were analyzed statistically by χ 2 analysis and examined by use of 95% confidence intervals. Results We received 73 responses from the oral and maxillofacial surgeons and 64 from the orthodontists. There were 69 different programs represented in this survey. Orthodontists and surgeons had a significantly different response regarding the definition of centric relation (χ 2 = 28, df = 4, P 2 = 1, P > .6). Regarding the definition of centric occlusion, there was a significant difference between orthodontists and surgeons (χ 2 = 9.9, df = 1, P = .0070). The fourth and fifth questions had to do with centric relation/centric occlusion slide and the direction of movement. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups regarding mandibular movement (χ 2 = 28, df = 2, P Conclusions The results of this study show that there is a statistical lack of consistency among practitioners regarding an absolute definition of centric relation as it relates to orthognathic surgery. The inconsistency exists between specialties and within practitioners in each specialty.
Volumetric Reconstruction of the Mouse Meibomian Gland Using High-Resolution Nonlinear Optical Imaging

Recent studies suggest that mouse meibomian glands (MG) undergo age-related atrophy that mimics changes seen in age-related human MG dysfunction (MGD). To better understand the structural/functional changes that occur during aging, this study developed an imaging approach to generate quantifiable volumetric reconstructions of the mouse MG and measure total gland, cell, and lipid volume. Mouse eyelids were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in LR White resin and serially sectioned. Sections were then scanned using a 20× objective and a series of tiled images (1.35 × 1.35 × 0.5 mm) with a pixel size of 0.44 μm lateral and 2 μm axial were collected using a Zeiss 510 Meta LSM and a femtosecond laser to simultaneously detect second harmonic generated (SHG) and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) signals from the tissue sections. The SHG signal from collagen was used to outline and generate an MG mask to create surface renderings of the total gland and extract relevant MG TPEF signals that were later separated into the cellular and lipid compartments. Using this technique, three-dimensional reconstructions of the mouse MG were obtained and the total, cell, and lipid volume of the MG measured. Volumetric reconstructions of mouse MG showed loss of acini in old mice that were not detected by routine histology. Furthermore, older mouse MG had reduced total gland volume that is primarily associated with loss of the lipid volume. These findings suggest that mice MG undergo “dropout” of acini, similar to that which occurs in human age-related MGD. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Composite Sphalerons in the O(3) Nonlinear σ-MODEL

It is shown that there are a series of composite solutions in the O(3) nonlinear σ-model. Their static energy is given by E(n)=nEsph and the energy density spreads out as n increases.
The auriculotemporal nerve in etiology of migraine headaches: Compression points and anatomical variations

Background:The auriculotemporal nerve has been identified as one of the peripheral trigger sites for migraine headaches. However, its distal course is poorly mapped following emergence from the parotid gland. In addition, a reliable anatomical landmark for locating the potential compression points a
The system of one-dimensional balls in an external field. II

We modify the system introduced in [W1] so that we can establish the nonvanishing ofall Lyapunov exponents easily.
Identification of amino-terminal sequences contributing to tryptophan hydroxylase tetramer formation.

Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin. In the rabbit, TPH exists as a tetramer of four identical 51-kDa subunits comprised of 444 amino acids each. The enzyme consists of an amino-terminal regulatory domain and a carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain. Previous studies demonstrated that within the carboxyl-terminus of TPH, there resides an intersubunit binding domain (a leucine zipper) that is essential for tetramer formation. However, it is hypothesized that a 4,3-hydrophobic repeat identified within the regulatory domain of TPH (residues 21–41) may also be involved in macromolecular assembly. To test this hypothesis, a series of amino-terminal deletions (NΔ15, 30, 41, and 90) were created and assessed for macromolecular structure using size-exclusion chromatography. The amino-terminal deletion NΔ15, upstream from the 4,3-hydrophobic repeat, was capable of forming tetramers. However, when a portion of the 4,3-hydrophobic repeat was deleted (NΔ30), a heterogeneous elution pattern of tetramers, dimers, and monomers was observed. Complete removal of the 4,3-hydrophobic repeat (NΔ41) rendered the enzyme incapable of forming tetramers; a monomeric form predominated. In addition, a double-point mutation (V28R-L31R) was created in the hydrophobic region of the enzyme. The introduction of two arginines (R) at positions 28 and 31 respectively, in the helix disrupted the native tetrameric state of TPH. According to size-exclusion chromatography analysis, the double-point mutant (V28R-L31R) formed dimers of 127 kDa. Thus, it is concluded that there is information within the amino-terminus that is necessary for tetramer formation of TPH. This additional intersubunit binding domain in the amino-terminus is similar to that found in the carboxyl-terminus.
Theoretical Study of Adsorption of Water Dimer on the Perfect MgO(100) Surface: Molecular Adsorption versus Dissociative Chemisorption

We present a theoretical study on the mode of adsorption of the water dimer on the perfect MgO( 100) surface using the ab initio embedded cluster method. Structures and normal-mode analyses were carried out at the HF level of theory, while energetic information was improved using the IMOMO methodology at the CCSD level using a smaller model system. We found that a single coadsorbed water molecule nearby can stabilize the hydroxyl species resulting from dissociation of the adsorbed water. The dissociative product is less stable by 25.5 kJ/mol compared to the molecular adsorbed water dimer. Since the reverse barrier is only 3.8 kJ/mol and is removed when zero-point energy correction is included, hydroxyl species would not be observed for the adsorption of a water dimer. Analysis on the degree of stabilization due to the coadsorbed water molecule suggests that two or more coadsorbed water molecules would yield observable hydroxyl species. These results support recent MIES experimental evidence of water dissociation on the perfect MgO(100) surface in the submonolayer regime. Our results also indicate that the effects of the Madelung potential are significant for studying chemisorption processes on ionic metal oxide crystal surfaces.
Enzymic method for measuring dissolved oxygen in nonaqueous materials.

Abstract A method based on the glucose oxidase reaction has been developed for measuring the amount of oxygen dissolved in aqueous or nonaqueous solvents. Samples containing 0.2 to 0.7 μmoles of oxygen react with an excess of glucose in the presence of glucose oxidase and the extent of reaction is determined by measuring the amount of glucose consumed. The method is calibrated by using, as standard, water which has been equilibrated with air at 20°. The amount of glucose consumed is a linear function of the amount of oxygen present. The molar ratio of glucose to oxygen consumed varied between 1.5 and 1.8. The limiting value for this ratio is 2.0 when catalase (a contaminant of commercial glucose oxidase) is present. Results of the analysis of suspensions of a dispersed fluorochemical showed a linear relationship between the amount of fluorochemical added and glucose consumed. The oxygen content of the dispersed fluorochemical equilibrated with oxygen was very close to 5 times that of the same material when equilibrated with air.
Adenyl cyclase activity of rabbit aorta.

Adenyl cyclase activity in homogenates of thoracic and abdominal aorta from young and old rabbits was neither stimulated nor inhibited by isoprenaline, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or histamine but was markedly increased by sodium fluoride. Sodium fluoride-stimulated adenyl cyclase activity was significantly higher in the abdominal than in the thoracic aorta. Neither the basal nor sodium fluoride-stimulated adenyl cyclase activity of thoracic aorta changed with increasing age of the aorta. On the other hand, the abdominal aorta showed an increase in sodium fluoride-stimulated activity but no change in basal activity with increasing age. After the ATP pool of intact thoracic aorta was prelabelled with [14C]-adenine, isoprenaline did not enhance the formation of labelled cyclic AMP in intact aortic strips. Based on these data no correlation could be made between adenyl cyclase activity and the β-receptor activity of this tissue.
Pericardial angiosarcoma after mediastinal irradiation for seminoma. A case report and a review of the literature.

BACKGROUND Second malignancies are a well recognized complication of radiation therapy. METHODS We performed a computer search of the literature using the Medline Database for Pericardial Tumors and Post-Irradiation Sarcomas. RESULTS The case history of a patient who developed a radiation-induced pericardial angiosarcoma is described. We present a detailed review of pericardial sarcomas. CONCLUSIONS We believe this to be the first report of a radiation-induced pericardial sarcoma. The importance of continued long-term observation for patients who receive mediastinal irradiation is stressed. Cancer 1996;78:912-7.
Evidence for pressure-induced electronic changes in V 3 Si

We report for the first time direct evidence for pressure-induced electronic changes in transforming and nontransforming ${\mathrm{V}}_{3}$Si. These observations may be understood qualitatively in terms of interband charge-transfer effects.
Pulmonary hypertension and exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure

Abstract OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between pulmonary hypertension and exercise performance in patients with heart failure. BACKGROUND The exercise capacity of patients with heart failure is frequently reduced. Pulmonary hypertension may contribute to this exercise intolerance by impairing blood flow through the pulmonary circulation. METHOD Three hundred twenty patients with heart failure underwent upright treadmill exercise testing with hemodynamic monitoring. The incidence of pulmonary hypertension and the relationship between pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and exercise cardiac output and minute oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) were examined. RESULTS Pulmonary vascular resistance was normal ( 3.5 Wood Units; Group 4) in 19%. Increasing PVR was associated with significantly lower peak exercise VO 2 (Group 1: 13.9 ± 3.7; 2:13.7 ± 3.4; 3: 11.8 ± 2.4; 4: 11.5 ± 2.6 L/min, p CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary vascular resistance is frequently increased in heart failure and is associated with a reduced cardiac output response to exercise, suggesting that pulmonary hypertension impairs exercise performance in heart failure.
The role of periodic agitation and water addition in managing moisture limitations during high-solids aerobic decomposition

Abstract The results of this study were obtained from a pilot-scale experimental system designed to mimic an agitated bed composting process. This choice of scale represents a compromise between a better controlled and reproducible bench-scale system-and a reality-based full-scale system. Two substrates were studied: a synthetic food waste (dry dog food) and anaerobically digested, polymer–dewatered biosolids. The goal was to evaluate the degree to which periodic agitation: (1) lessened spatial gradients in moisture and temperature; and (2) thereby improved sustained degradation rates and cumulative extent of biodegradation. Coefficient of variation for cumulative O 2 measurements in the three replications of the 55% dog food and wood chips experiment with an aeration rate of 100 l min −1 were of the order of 25–30% which was consistent with other bench and pilot-scale studies. Drying occurred in both static-bed and agitated-bed studies. However, moisture gradients in the agitated-bed were smaller than in the static-bed experiments. Also, drying of the solids matrix increased with increased aeration rates for all the experiments. For the 45% dog food and wood chips experiments, a moisture content of 30% was reached in 180–300 h for aeration rates of 50–100 l min −1 , respectively; while for the 55% dog food and wood chips experiments, 30% was reached in 320–480 h for aeration rates of 50–100 l min −1 . The results of the water addition study showed that adding water three times per week resulted in a cumulative O 2 uptake at 622 g O 2 kg −1 of TS at 496 h, a 48% increase over no water addition for an additional 96 h of decomposition, and a 26% increase over adding water once a week.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of GaN/(0001)AlN and AlN/(0001)GaN growth mechanisms

The mechanisms of growth of GaN on AlN and AlN on GaN via gas source-molecular beam epitaxy with NH3 as the nitrogen source have been investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The growth of GaN on AlN at low temperatures (650–750 °C) occurs via a Stranski–Krastanov 2D→3D type mechanism with the transition to 3D growth occurring at ≈10–15 A. The mechanism changes to Frank van der Merwe (FM)/layer-by-layer growth above 800 °C. The growth of AlN on GaN occurred via a FM layer-by-layer mechanism within the 750–900 °C temperature range investigated. We propose a model based on the interaction of ammonia and atomic hydrogen with the GaN/AlN surfaces which indicates that the surface kinetics of hydrogen desorption and ammonia decomposition are the factors that determine the GaN growth mechanism.
Photosensitive sacrificial polymer with low residue

In this study, a technique is described to achieve enclosed air-cavities using a photosensitive sacrificial polymer with significantly lower residue. The residual residue after decomposition of the sacrificial polymer originates primarily from the photoacid generator used for patterning the polymer. In the two-layer technique, the photoacid is added only to the top layer resulting in significantly lower overall PAG loading. During decomposition, the photoacid used to decompose the polymer in the top layer then diffuses into the acid-free region promoting decomposition in the otherwise non-photosensitive layer. This approach significantly lowered the amount of residue produced. These results also showed that the acid generated from the PAG after UV radiation was not consumed by the polymer in the layer from which it originated. Rather, the acid was reused in other layers. The patterns fabricated from the two-layer structure used less PAG, had higher spatial resolution, and less line edge roughness. When the thickness of the top PAG-loaded layer was decreased, a lower UV exposure dose was required to achieve patterning.
Urinary Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Retinopathy of Prematurity and Other Proliferative Retinopathies

Urinary Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Retinopathy of Prematurity and Other Proliferative Retinopathies
High-pressure liquid chromatography of some substituted biphenyls

Abstract The high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of a series of biphenyls, substituted at positions 2-,3-,4-,4,4'-, and 3,4-, has been carried out in the three common modes: adsorption, normal partition, and reversed-phase partition. Ultraviolet absorption monitoring of the effluent was used as the method of detection. Capacity ratios for the derivatives have been determined in the three modes, where possible, and a discussion of the effects of the various substituents upon the retention times is presented. The utility of the three modes of chromatography in separating some mixtures of these biphenyl derivatives is illustrated.
Modeling Metal and Sediment Transport in a Stream-Wetland System

It has been a challenge to couple a stream channel system with adjacent wetlands and to simulate their interactions and the dynamic processes associated with water flow, sediment movement, and contaminant transport. In this study, a physically based model was developed for simulating metal and sediment transport in a coupled stream-wetland system that consisted of the water column, the underlying active bed, and the adjacent wetland subsystems. The model simulated the dynamic interactions and mass exchanges (water, sediment, and metal) between subsystems and accounted for a set of processes related to the two-phase (dissolved and adsorbed phases) metal and sediment transport, including advection, dispersion/diffusion, sorption, settling, resuspension, and sedimentation. The integrated metal-sediment transport model was solved by using a semidiscrete method. Model simulations of cadmium fate and transport were tested against field data from Little Black Creek (LBC) in western Michigan, which was heavily im...
Neural crest cell migratory pathways in the trunk of the chick embryo

Neural crest cells migrate during embryogenesis to give rise to segmented structures of the vertebrate peripheral nervous system: namely, the dorsal root ganglia and the sympathetic chain. However, neural crest cell arise from the dorsal neural tube where they are apparently unsegmented. It is generally agreed that the somites impose segmentation on migrating crest cells, but there is a disagreement about two basic questions: exactly pathways do neural crest cells use to move through or around somites, and do neural crest cells actively migrate or are they passively dispersed by the movement of somite cells? The answers to both questions are critically important to any further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the precise distribution of the neural crest cells that develop into ganglia. We have done an exhaustive study of the locations of neural crest cells in chick embryos during early stages of their movement, using antibodies to neural crest cells (HNK-1), to neural filament-associated protein in growing nerve processes (E/C8), and to the extracellular matrix molecule laminin. Our results show that Some neural crest cells invade the extracellular space between adjacent somites, but the apparent majority move into the somites themselves along the border between the dermatome/myotome (DM) and the sclerotome. Neural crest cells remain closely associated with the anterior half of the DM of developing somites as they travel, suggesting that the basal lamina of the DM may be used as a migratory substratum. Supporting this idea is our observation that the development of the DM basal lamina coincides in time and location with the onset of crest migration through the somite. The leading front of neural crest cells advance through the somite while the length of the DM pathway remains constant, suggesting active locomotion, at least in this early phase of development. Neural crest cells leave the DM at a later stage of development to associate with the dorsal aorta, where sympathetic ganglia form, and to associate with newly emerging fibers of the ventral root nerve, where they presumably give rise to neuronal supportive cells. Thus we propose that the establishment of the segmental pattern of the peripheral ganglia and nerves depends on the timely development of appropriate substrata to guide and distribute migrating neural crest cells during the early stages of embryogenesis.
The Use of Strontium-90 in the Treatment of Carcinoma in Situ of the Conjunctiva

Four patients with carcinoma in situ were treated with strontium-90 beta ray application. The dose used was 4,500 rads after surgical removal or with small recurrent tumor and 7,000 rads for primary treatment. All patients were disease-free at follow-up periods of 48 to 320 months after treatment. One patient required superficial x-ray treatment for recurrent disease. No serious complications developed with the treatment and no progressive cataracts have occurred.
The structure of an RNA “kissing” hairpin complex of the HIV TAR hairpin loop and its complement

Abstract We have used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to obtain the structure of an RNA “kissing” hairpin complex formed between the HIV-2 TAR hairpin loop and a hairpin with a complementary loop sequence. Kissing hairpins are important in natural antisense reactions; their complex is a specific target for protein binding. The complex has all six nucleotides of each loop paired to form a bent quasicontinuous helix of three coaxially stacked helices: two stems plus a loop-loop interaction helix. Experimental constraints derived from heteronuclear and homonuclear NMR data on 13 C and 15 N-labeled RNA led to a structure for the loop-loop helix with an average root-mean-square deviation of 0.83 (±0.10) A for 33 converged structures relative to the average structure. The loop-loop helix of the kissing complex is distorted compared to A -form RNA. Its major groove is blocked by the phosphodiester bonds that connect the first loop residue of each hairpin with its own stem, and it is flanked by two negatively charged phosphate clusters. The loop-loop helix has alternating helical twists between adjacent base-pairs. The base-pairs at the helix junctions are overwound and three base-pairs near the helix junctions adopt high propeller twists. All these changes reduce the distance needed for the bridging phosphodiester bonds connecting each stem and loop to cross the major groove of the loop-loop helix, and result in a deformed RNA helix with localized perturbations in the minor groove surface. The alternating helical twist pattern, plus other distortions in the loop-loop helix may be important for Rom protein recognition of the kissing hairpin complex.
A versatile titanium-mediated procedure for diversified bisfunctionalization of λ-lactols

Abstract Reported here is a procedure whereby λ-lactols may be trapped in masked hydroxy aldehyde form suitable for chemical manipulation of either terminus.
The Nutrient Flow Model for Dutch Agriculture: A Tool for Environmental Policy Evaluation

Abstract The Nutrient Flow Model (NFM) is a micro-simulation model. It describes economic activities and corresponding nutrient flows at farm level for present and future situations in which environmental policy measures are taken. The farm results are aggregated to regional and national levels. The model can be used as an insrument for monitoring and policy evaluation. Technical aspects are incorporated into the model by means of crop growth models and nutrient balances for animals. Economic aspects are partly incorporated and partly added exogenously. The information need for the NFM is rather extensive. Main data sources are the Dutch Agricultural Census and the Dutch Farm Account Data Network. The model tries to combine the detailed approach with respect to production activities and nutrient flows that is often found in models at farm level with the more global approach that is followed in economic models on sector level. The variation in emissions between farms is dealt with explicitly. This paper presents the general concept of the NFM. It shows that the validation of technical models used in the NFM, on the basis of empirical data, is essential from the point of view of nutrient losses. An example is given of the assessment of the effects of government policies: the obligatory injection of manure may lead to a decrease in ammonia volatilisation but, at the same time, to an increase in nitrate leaching. The integrated approach of dealing with different nutrients simultaneously, taking into account all inputs and outputs, describing the complete chain of nutrient flows within farms, and modelling the interaction between farms makes the NFM a suitable instrument for the evaluation of environmental policy.
Barium/Lead-Rich High Permittivity Glass–Ceramics for Capacitor Applications

Dielectric properties of glass–ceramics containing barium/lead-based sodium niobates and barium titanate-based silicates were evaluated for capacitor applications. The glasses were formed by melt-rolling the respective constituents which were then crystallized by reheating them at higher temperatures. Crystallization schedules were formulated based on differential thermal analysis results. X-ray diffractometer patterns indicated that the samples were highly crystallized. Microstructure and microchemistry of samples were studied by transmission electron micropscopy. Perovskite, tungsten–bronze and fresnoite phases developed during crystallization have a strong effect on the resulted dielectric properties with permittivities ranging from 20 to 700. Resistivity measurements were done to study conduction mechanisms in samples and the resistivity values for glass–ceramics were found to be between 1011 and 1013Ω·cm at 150°C. MnO2 additions were made to improve the electrical resistivity of glass–ceramics.
Cataloging 2.0: Metadata Research and Initiatives at a Community College Library

ABSTRACT In this viewpoint essay, we argue that combining cataloging and other standard metadata practices with user-developed tags and folksonomies is a good way to improve subject access to resources. Using tags aligns with the foundational principles of cataloging. Catalogers know better than most the care and precision that goes into creating and updating Library of Congress Subject Headings. We are often frustrated by our difficulty describing digital controlled vocabularies used in academic libraries, especially resources that are gaining importance to educators such as video games and web resources. At our community college library, we are incorporating tags into our collections' metadata in order to improve subject access.
Lack of binding of C3 to IgG antibodies during the activation of the classical complement pathway on the red cell

We have studied the interaction between C3 and natural human and rabbit anti-MTX IgM and hyperimmune IgG antibody bound to red cells to which MTX was covalently coupled. IgM Ab molecules bound to the cell surface were measured by their interaction with rabbit anti-human μ-chain IgG Ab: the bound anti-μ-chain or anti-MTX IgG was quantitated with 125I-labelled PA. C3 uptake by EMTX AC142 complexes from purified preparation of C3 was detected by the interaction of bound C3 with rabbit anti-C3 IgG Ab; the bound IgG was then measured with radiolabelled PA. In some experiments the uptake of C3 by the EMTX AC142 complexes was measured by using 125I-labelled C3. To find out if C3 was bound to Ab molecules, anti-MTX Abs were eluted from the cells by excess fluid-phase MTX. After dialysis the eluted anti-MTX IgM or IgG Ab was than reattached to fresh EMTX. All cells were then analyzed for Ab and C3 content by a radioimmunoassay. It was found that when anti-MTX IgM or IgG was eluted from EMTX AC423 complexes no C3 was removed from the cells and that eluted IgM or IgG did not carry with them either C3 antigen or 125I-labelled C3. It was concluded that, during the activation of the classical C-pathway at the red cell surface, no C3 was bound to IgM (rabbit or human) or IgG (rabbit) antibody molecules.
Wess-Zumino-Witten model on discrete coset manifolds

Abstract As target manifolds of the WZW model we consider discrete coset manifolds obtained by dividing a group manifold by a discrete subgroup. This leads to soliton sectors with twisted Kac-Moody algebras. We introduce conformal fields which creat states in these soliton sectors, derive differential equations for their correlation functions and solve them for cominimal representations.
Teen pregnancy in New Orleans: factors that differentiate teens who deliver, abort, and successfully contracept.

This study reports findings from interviews with three groups of black teenagers: child bearers (n=136), terminators (n=92), and contraceptors (never been pregnant,n=151). The focus of this research is to describe the differences between these three groups of teenagers in an attempt to identify factors that may best differentiate the groups. The findings suggest that, among the teens who became pregnant, motivation to use contraceptives may be the key factor. More than 86% of these teens knew about contraceptives at the time they became pregnant and nearly three-quarters knew where to obtain contraceptives. However, only 16% of teens who became pregnant reported to be using a contraceptive at the time they became pregnant. Education about the availability and mode of contraceptive use is essential.
Cobalt and the Toughness of Steel

In developing compositions for new ultra-high strength steels it is important to understand the effects of alloying additions on the microstructure, strength and fracture resistance. Cobalt has been widely used in the development of high toughness ultra-high strength steels and the effects of cobalt on the strength of steels has been studied extensively but there is remarkably little known about how cobalt influences toughness. In this article are reviewed the effects of cobalt on the toughness of steel. The literature suggests that cobalt in solid solution will act to raise the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature but that it can act to increase the upper-shelf toughness of steel.
Relationship between the Charlson Comorbidity Index and cost of treating hip fractures: implications for bundled payment

The aim of this study is to investigate how the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores contribute to increased length of stay (LOS) and healthcare costs in hip fracture patients. Through retrospective analysis at an Urban level I trauma center, charts for all patients over the age of 60 years who presented with low-energy hip fracture were evaluated. 615 patients who underwent operative fixation of hip fracture or hemiarthroplasty secondary to hip fracture were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes search and included in the study. Data was collected on patient demographics, medical comorbidities, and hospitalization length; from this, the CCI score and the cost to the institution (with an average cost/day of inpatient stay of $4,530) were calculated. Multivariate linear regression analysis modeled the length of stay as a function of CCI score. Each unit increase in the CCI score corresponded to an increase in length of hospital stay and hospital costs incurred [effect size = 0.21; (0.0434–0.381); p = 0.014]. Patients with a CCI score of 2 (compared to a baseline CCI score of 0), on average, stayed 1.92 extra days in the hospital, and incurred $8,697.60 extra costs. The CCI score is associated with length of stay and hospital costs incurred following treatment for hip fracture. The CCI score may be a useful tool for risk assessment in bundled payment plans. Level III.
Comprehensive integrity protection for desktop linux

Information flow provides principled defenses against malware. It can provide system-wide integrity protection without requiring any program-specific understanding. Information flow policies have been around for 40+ years but they have not been explored in today's context. Specifically, they are not designed for contemporary software and OSes. Applying these policies directly on today's OSes affects usability. In this paper, we focus our attention on an information-flow based integrity protection system that we implemented for Linux, with the goal of minimizing usability impact. We discuss the design decisions made in this system and provide insights on building usable information flow systems.
Improved Method for Detection of Cystic Fibrosis Protein in Serum Using the LKB Multiphor Electrofocusing Apparatus

Improved Method for Detection of Cystic Fibrosis Protein in Serum Using the LKB Multiphor Electrofocusing Apparatus
Regulation of Pyrimidine Biosynthesis in Intact Cells of Cucurbita pepo

The occurrence of the complete orotic acid pathway for the biosynthesis de novo of pyrimidine nucleotides was demonstrated in the intact cells of roots excised from summer squash ( Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Early Prolific Straightneck). Evidence that the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides proceeds via the orotate pathway in C. pepo included: ( a ) demonstration of the incorporation of [ 14 C]NaHCO 3 , [ 14 C]carbamylaspartate, and [ 14 C]orotic acid into uridine nucleotides; ( b ) the isolation of [ 14 C]orotic acid when [ 14 C]NaHCO 3 and [ 14 C]carbamylaspartate were used as precursors; ( c ) the observation that 6-azauridine, a known inhibitor of the pathway, blocked the incorporation of early precursors into uridine nucleotides while causing a concomitant accumulation of orotic acid; and ( d ) demonstration of the activities of the component enzymes of the orotate pathway in assays employing cell-free extracts. Regulation of the activity of the orotate pathway by end product inhibition was demonstrated in the intact cells of excised roots by measuring the influence of added pyrimidine nucleosides on the incorporation of [ 14 C]NaHCO 3 into uridine nucleotides. The addition of either uridine or cytidine inhibited the incorporation of [ 14 C]NaHCO 3 into uridine nucleotides by about 80%. The observed inhibition was demonstrated to be readily reversible upon transfer of the roots to a nucleoside-free medium. Experiments employing various radiolabeled precursors indicated that one or both of the first two enzymes in the orotate pathway are the only site(s) of regulation of physiological importance.
Gate-variable light absorption and emission in a semiconducting carbon nanotube.

We investigate the gate field dependence of light absorption and emission of an individual, suspended semiconducting carbon nanotube using Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies. We find a strong reduction in the absorption strength and a red shift of the E33 state of the nanotube with increasing gate field. The photoluminescence from the E11 state is quenched even stronger. We explain these observations in terms of field-doping and its effects on both the radiative and nonradiative decay rates of the excitons. Thus, gate field-induced doping constitutes an effective means of controlling the optical properties of carbon nanotube devices.
Ferumoxytol for the treatment of iron deficiency

Intravenous iron is standard for dialysis-associated anemia and its use is rising dramatically in other settings. Except for the dextrans, full iron replacement requires multiple visits. Nonetheless, safety concerns abound. Ferumoxytol, a recently approved modified dextran with a carbohydrate core that tightly binds the iron moiety, decreasing free iron and ostensibly increasing safety, was approved by the US FDA, in June 2009, for the treatment of iron deficiency associated with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. This formulation, uniquely, can be administered in a large dose as a short intravenous injection of 1 min or less, markedly facilitating care. Recent post-marketing safety issues have been raised resulting in a change in the package insert. This article examines existing clinical data and posits reasons for the labeling change. Potential future use of this formulation is opined.
The Pell and the Poor: A Regression-Discontinuity Analysis of On-Time College Enrollment

In this study, I capitalize on a natural experiment to examine the effect of federal Pell Grant eligibility on college enrollment for students who graduated from high school in spring 2004 and who completed the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 are used to array students on the continuous Expected Family Contribution (EFC) variable, attained from the FAFSA, and divide them into two categories—those with an EFC at or below the federally designated amount for Pell eligibility, and those above. This regression-discontinuity approach allows me to measure whether students who vary regarding their Pell Grant eligibility, but who have essentially identical family incomes, differ in their college enrollment rates. I find no effect. While confirming prior studies examining the impact of the Pell Grant on college enrollment for traditional students, this finding remains inconsistent with findings on other need-based grants. This result suggests that the minimum Pell Grant amount, currently less than 10% of an average college’s tuition and fees, may be insufficient.
Monolithic mode locked laser arrays in optical computing

Modelocked semiconductor lasers are a source of subpicosecond pulses at high repetition rates with very low phase noise. This makes them ideal sources for clock/strobe signals for OEIC's and optical computing, for high data rate input devices and for use in optical digital-to-analog converters. These applications will be described in this paper, together with an outline on the state of the art in modelocked semiconductor lasers.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Karl Barth's ‘Dialectical Catholicity’: Sic et Non

This essay attempts to achieve three things. First, it brings to the foreground an important but largely forgotten conversation partner of Karl Barth's theology: Roman Catholicism, and sketches Barth's critical and constructive engagement of it from his teaching at the University of Muenster (1925–1930) to his late booklet “Ad Limina Apostolorum”. Second, it argues that Barth's engagement of Roman Catholicism functions as a crucial moment of his “dialectical catholicity”, through which he discursively applies his critical, reflexive principle of “genuine Protestantism”. Third, the essay puts forth a critique of Barth's transcendental account of “genuine Protestantism” by drawing on Martin Luther's concrete, ecclesially embodied pneumatology.
Physical vapor transport revisited

Abstract Using iodine as transport species and octofluorocyclobutane (C 4 F 8 ) as inert background gas, physical vapor transport rates in horizontal cylindrical ampoules were accurately measured over a wide range of well-defined ampoule filling and thermal boundary conditions. Nonlinear axial temperature distributions were applied that minimized multiple crystal nucleation. Ampoule filling conditions were chosen that resulted in the dominance of either compositionally or thermally driven convection. Three-dimensional numerical modeling of the transport process yielded quantitative agreement with measured transport rates. Analysis of the calculated flow and concentration fields reveals the physical reasons for the failure of the various two-dimensional models to reproduce the experimental results.
“Firecrackers” and “Duds”: Cooperating Music Teachers' Perspectives on Their Relationships With Student Teachers

The purpose of this qualitative research study is to examine the perspective of the cooperating music teacher in the student teaching experience. Three cooperating music teachers serve as participa...
Fast and Reversible Wettability Transitions on ZnO Nanostructures

Surface wettability is an important property of solid/liquid interfaces. Recently, the control of contact angle (CA) has been used to drive liquid droplets in micro- or nanosize channels on biochemical and environmental sensing chips, where a faster CA transition rate is desirable for the prompt control of liquid movement. We studied the CA between water droplet and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanotips grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). ZnO was grown as epitaxial films on r-plane sapphire, or as vertically aligned nanotips on various substrates, including silicon, c-plane sapphire, and glass. It is demonstrated that by using ultraviolet (UV) illumination and oxygen annealing, the CA on ZnO nanotips can be changed between 0° and 130°, whereas the CA on the ZnO films only varies between 37° and 100°. The fast transition rates also have been observed.
Group C streptococcal colonization in a newborn nursery.

An episode of group C streptococcal colonization occurred in a newborn nursery. Because these organisms were sensitive to bacitracin in the concentration used in the disk method, they were presumptively identified as group A streptococci. This was interpreted as the onset of a nursery outbreak of group A streptococcal infection. The presence of bacitracin-sensitive group C streptococci in a potentially significant clinical situation emphasizes the importance of performing Lancefield classification before positively identifying organisms as group A streptococci.
Axial diffusion in a cylinder with pulsed flow

Abstract The theory for the rate of mass transfer through a long tube connecting two reservoirs of constant concentration with oscillatory flow in the tube is developed. The increase in transfer rate relative to that due to molecular diffusion alone is found as a function of three dimensionless groups, an oscillatory Reynolds number ωa2/v, an amplitude parameter A/a and the Schmidt number v/D. An experiment on the mass transfer of HCl in water gave rates increased from 10- to 60-fold and is in good agreement with the theory.
Atomic scattering factor and spin-polarization calculations.

A new set of atomic scattering factors derived from relativistic Hartree-Fock wave functions has been calculated for publication in the new edition of the International Tables for Crystallography, rd ed. (Reidel, Dordrecht, in press). Presented here is a discussion of the numerical stability of the results and a discussion of the spin-polarization function, S(\ensuremath{\theta},\ensuremath{\varphi}), including a comparison of the new calculations with experimental data. After the calculated S(\ensuremath{\theta},\ensuremath{\varphi}) functions are normalized to the Coulombic values, the difference between theory and experiment leads to some interesting conclusions.
Toward an objective evaluation of teacher performance: The use of variance partitioning analysis, VPA.

Evaluation of teacher performance is usually done with the use of ratings made by students, peers, and principals or supervisors, and at times, selfratings made by the teachers themselves. The trouble with this practice is that it is obviously subjective, and vulnerable to what Glass and Martinez call the "politics of teacher evaluation," as well as to professional incapacities of the raters. The value-added analysis (VAA) model is one attempt to make evaluation objective and evidenced-based. However, the VAA model'especially that of the Tennessee Value Added Assessment System (TVAAS) developed by William Sanders'appears flawed essentially because it posits the untenable assumption that the gain score of students (value added) is attributable only and only to the teacher(s), ignoring other significant explanators of student achievement like IQ and socio-economic status. Further, the use of the gain score (value-added) as a dependent variable appears hobbled with the validity threat called "statistical regression," as well as the problem of isolating the conflated effects of two or more teachers. The proposed variance partitioning analysis (VPA) model seeks to partition the total variance of the dependent variable (post-test student achievement) into various portions representing: first, the effects attributable to the set of teacher factors; second, effects attributable to the set of control variables the most important of which are IQ of the student, his pretest score on that particular dependent variable, and some measures of his socio-economic status; and third, the unexplained effects/variance. It is not difficult to see that when the second and third quanta of variance are partitioned out of the total variance of the dependent variable, what remains is that attributable to the teacher. Two measures of teacher effect are hereby proposed: the proportional teacher effect and the direct teacher effect.
Position-Dependent Defocus Processing for Acoustic Holography Images

Acoustic holography is a transmission-based ultrasound imaging method that uses optical image reconstruction and provides a larger field of view than pulse-echo ultrasound imaging. A focus parameter controls the position of the focal plane along the optical axis, and the images obtained contain defocused content from ob- jects not near the focal plane. Moreover, it is not always possible to bring all objects of interest into simultaneous focus. In this article, digital image processing techniques are presented to (1) identify a "best focused" image from a sequence of images taken with different focus settings and (2) simultaneously focus every pixel in the image through fusion of pixels from different frames in the sequence. Ex- periments show that the three-dimensional image information pro- vided by acoustic holography requires position-dependent filtering for the enhancement step. It is found that filtering in the spatial domain is more computationally efficient than in the frequency domain. In ad- dition, spatial domain processing gives the best performance. © 2002
Interference in Air-to-Ground Cellular Systems

Interference in cellular terrestrial systems has been extensively studied in the literature mainly through the use of simulations. The interference for CDMA cellular air-to-ground systems has been similarly evaluated through extensive simulations. However, the air-to-ground systems are simpler to analyze than terrestrial systems. In this note, we provide analytic bounds for inter-cell interference in air-to-ground cellular systems with no frequency reuse. We consider the standard 3D hexagonal cell plan and a line of sight channel model with no shadowing and no fading. Simulation results demonstrate that our approximations are extremely tight.