cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distraction manipulation of the lumbar spine: a review of the literature.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to review the literature concerning distraction manipulation of the lumbar spine, particularly regarding physiological effects, clinical efficacy, and safety. Data Sources A search of the English language literature was conducted using the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Chiropractic Research Archives Collection, and Manual, Alternative, and Natural Therapies Information System databases. A secondary hand search of bibliographies was completed to identify older or nonindexed literature. Data Selection and Extraction Articles were identified, which described the characteristics of distraction manipulation beyond a simple description or the results of treatment with distraction manipulation. Data were extracted on the basis of relevance to the stated objective. Data Synthesis and Results Thirty articles were identified. Three were uncontrolled or pilot studies, 3 were basic science studies, and 6 were case series. Most were case reports. Lumbar distraction manipulation is a nonthrust mechanically assisted manual medicine technique with characteristics of manipulation, mobilization, and traction. It is used for a variety of lumbar conditions and chronic pelvic pain. The primary rationale for its use is on the basis of the biomechanical effects of axial spinal distraction. Little data are available describing the in vivo effect of distraction when used in combination with flexion or other motions. Conclusions Despite widespread use, the efficacy of distraction manipulation is not well established. Further research is needed to establish the efficacy and safety of distraction manipulation and to explore biomechanical, neurological, and biochemical events that may be altered by this treatment.
Late repair of tetralogy of Fallot during childhood in patients from developing countries.

OBJECTIVES Although the current surgical approach of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is primary complete repair in infancy, late diagnosis and lack of surgical facilities in developing countries may delay surgical treatment. Some of these patients exposed to prolonged chronic hypoxaemia are transferred to more privileged countries to undergo surgical repair with the support of non-governmental organizations. The objective of this single-centre retrospective study was to compare the postoperative outcomes of these foreign patients undergoing delayed repair with those of patients born in France undergoing timely repair during the same time period. METHODS The computer database of our institution was searched for all cases of TOF in foreign patients younger than 15 years, supported by two non-profit organizations, who underwent complete repair between January 2007 and December 2013. The control population consisted of the patients with TOF born in France, who underwent timely complete repair during the same period. RESULTS The 47 foreign children were older (57.6 ± 38.4 vs 8.3 ± 9.1 months, P < 0.0001), more hypoxaemic (SaO2 79 ± 11 vs 91 ± 8%, P < 0.0001), more growth-retarded (body mass index Z-score -1.35 ± 1.5 vs -0.46 ± 1.3, P = 0.0034), and had higher haematocrit level (52.5 ± 11.7 vs 37.5 ± 6.1%, <0.0001) and worse left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF 62 ± 8 vs 69 ± 3.8%, P < 0.0001) than the 90 French patients. Postoperative mortality and morbidity (sepsis, arrhythmia, bleeding and need for surgical revision) were similar in the two groups, except for a higher rate of pericardial and/or pleural effusion in foreign children (36 vs 17%, P = 0.02). Length of stay was shorter in foreign than in French patients (11 ± 6 vs 15 ± 15 days, P = 0.0012). CONCLUSIONS In our experience, despite the presence of several risk factors (growth retardation, chronic hypoxaemia, polycythaemia and left ventricular dysfunction), late repair of TOF was undertaken during childhood in patients from developing countries with no difference in postoperative morbidity and mortality compared with that of timely repair during infancy. These older patients can be discharged sooner. However, patients undergoing late surgery may be at higher risk of complications of right ventricular failure, such as pleural and/or pericardial effusion.
The opioid system in alcohol and drug dependence: Family‐based association study

Opioid receptors and their endogenous peptide ligands play important roles in neurotransmission and neuromodulation in response to addictive drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and alcohol. In an earlier study, we reported that variation in the genes encoding the k-opioid receptor (OPRK1) and its peptide ligand (PDYN) were associated with the risk for alcoholism. We continued our investigation of the role of the opioid system in alcohol dependence by analyzing the genes encoding the m- and d-opioid receptors and their peptide ligands. We analyzed 18 OPRM1 SNPs, 18 OPRD1 SNPs, 7PENK SNPs, and 7POMC SNPs in a sample of 1923 European Americans from 219 multiplex alcohol dependent families. Employing a familybased test of association, we found no evidence that these four genes were significantly associated with alcohol dependence. We also did not find association between these genes and illicit drug dependence. Secondary analyses employing the narrower phenotype of opioid dependence (83 affected individuals) demonstrated association with SNPs in PENK and POMC, but not in OPRM1 or OPRD1. Haplotype analyses provided further support for the association of PENK and POMC with opioid dependence. Therefore, our data provide no support for the idea that variations in OPRM1, OPRD1, PENK and POMC are associated with alcohol dependence or general illicit drug dependence, but variations in PENK and POMC appear to be associated with the narrower phenotype of opioid dependence in these
Zero-R2 Hedge Funds and Market Neutrality

Factor models yield an R2 insignificantly different from zero for one-third of hedge funds in a broad sample. These funds illustrate the concept of market neutrality and feature lower volatilities, higher Sharpe ratios, and higher alphas than other funds, indicating they provide a successful alternative investment. However, large portfolios of zero-R2 funds contain fully half the volatility of portfolios of other funds, suggesting they feature substantial systematic risk. Furthermore, these funds display an increased probability of failure even after controlling for idiosyncratic volatility. These results indicate the presence of an omitted factor that exposes investors to significant downside risk.
Towards tactical GOSIP: performance of TCP/IP over RF links in the ITDN

The combination of underlying tactical link and end-to-end protocol in terms of performance has rarely been measured, even for the Department of Defense transport control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP). The author presents a multilayer method for collecting data on this combined performance and analyzing it to provide integrated information on the performance seen by the users application and the underlying network behavior. Four tactical RF links, the defense satellite communications tactical satellite, the fleet satellite, the very small aperture terminal satellite, and the mobile subscriber equipment line of sight radio, were studied during the integrated tactical data network demonstration. The experimental results include effects of asymmetric transmission quality and bit errors. It is concluded that TCP/IP can perform well over tactical RF links, and tuning parameters for TCP and TP4 are derived from the measurements and observations. >
Effectiveness of Motorcycle Training and Licensing

Motorcycle crash fatalities in the United States have been increasing since 1997, when the total number of fatalities reached a record low. Motorcycle training programs were enacted before this rise, and many studies have aimed to show their effectiveness. The objective of this study is to review and synthesize the results of existing research on the effectiveness of motorcycle education courses and different licensing procedures. The effectiveness of programs is examined through the effect training has on accident rates, violation rates, and personal protective equipment use found through past research. Research to date has not consistently supported the notion that training is either effective or ineffective. Some studies have demonstrated that accident and traffic violation rates are lower for trained riders than for untrained riders, whereas others have demonstrated that they are higher for trained riders. Training increases the use of personal protective equipment among motorcyclists. Motorcycle licensing procedures have been shown to have different effects on accident rates. Lower accident rates have been observed in areas with stricter regulations for obtaining a license. The studies vary greatly in both the methods used for comparison and the rigor of their evaluation methodology. No standards for evaluation exist. The findings of these previous studies may be more a reflection of the methods used to evaluate motorcycle training than the effectiveness of training itself.
Recent advances in the study of microbiologically influenced corrosion

The study of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) has progressed from phenomenological case histories to a mature interdisciplinary science including electrochemical, metallurgical, surface analytical, microbiological, biotechnological and biophysical techniques. With gene probes and microelectrodes it is now possible to measure interfacial dissolved oxygen, dissolved sulfide and pH and to further determine the microbial species responsible for the localized chemistry. Biofilms can be tailored to contain consortia of specific microorganisms and naturally occurring biofilms can be dissected into cellular and extracellular constituents. Scanning vibrating electrodes can be used to map the distribution of anodes and cathodes so that localized corrosion can be correlated with the location of microorganisms. The development of environmental scanning electron, atomic force, and laser confocal microscopy makes it possible to image cells on surfaces and to accurately determine the spatial relationship between microorganisms and corrosion. Transport of nutrients through biofilms is being modeled using techniques including optical density measurements to precisely locate the water/biofilm interface and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging to visualize flow characteristics near surfaces colonized with microorganisms. The ways in which these new techniques can be used to understand fundamental mechanisms and to discriminate critical issues of MIC will be discussed.
SWAT: enabling wireless network measurements

Measuring low-level wireless network properties allows researchers to understand how protocols and applications perform in different environments. In this demo, we present SWAT - a software tool that automates gathering and analysis of network measurements. SWAT provides an interface for configuring experimental parameters in a network. It collects raw packet statistics such as the received signal strength and chip error, and provides modules for calculating and visualizing various metrics derived from these statistics.
Development of extreme environment systems for seeking out extremophiles

The last 25 years have witnessed a tremendous change in the way scientists view the viability of lifeforms. Organisms can adapt to rather incredible environments of pressure, temperature, salinity, pH and assorted adverse chemistries. The authors establish methods for both surviving and replicating in those harsh conditions. Past efforts to study and understand these organisms have often extracted (or attempted to extract) them from their environment to place them in laboratory settings for examination. Often this approach constitutes too drastic a transition, causing the destruction of the objects of interest. The new task facing extremophile explorers is to find ways to detect and observe these entities in their natural state without excessive disturbances. An associated issue concerns the optimization of observing and measurement time in the hostile environment, especially in the domain of deep ocean hydrothermal vents. A new paradigm driven by cost and temporal-based studies is needed to enable maximum effectiveness of the time at these inhospitable sites. The work in progress by the JPL/Caltech group seeks to enable the informed scientist/engineer to make real-time decisions on the merit of which measurements are to be accomplished immediately and whether the selected site has sufficient merit to continue time-consuming measurements at that location.
Year and age effects on residues of dieldrin and heptachlor in dead gray bats, franklin county, missouri—1976, 1977, and 1978

Dead gray bats (Myotis grisescens) containing lethal concentrations of dieldrin were found beneath a maternity roost in Bat Cave Nos. 2 and 3, Franklin County, Missouri, in 1976, 1977 and 1978. Whereas residues of dieldrin, DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] and PCB polychlorinated biphenyls in bats appeared not to change significantly over the 3 years, residues of heptachlor-related chemicals increased in 1977 to potentially dangerous concentrations and remained elevated in 1978. Lethal brain levels of dieldrin in adult bats (geometric mean = 12.1 μg/g), compared with juvenile bats (geometric mean = 6.5 μg/g), indicated that juveniles are nearly twice as sensitive. The estimated population of gray bats (as maximum number of nonflying young) at Bat Cave Nos. 2 and 3 in 1976 and 1978 was 1,800 bats, but in 1979 no bats were present. Dieldrin, perhaps in conjunction with heptachlor, may have caused the decline and disappearance of this colony. However, dieldrin was banned in 1974 and Missouri's authorization to use heptachlor on corn expired in 1981. Furthermore, three organophosphate insecticides (chlorpyrifos, dyfonate and mocap) are to be substituted. We hope that the gray bats remaining in this area of Missouri survive the residues of dieldrin and heptachlor still in their food chains and prove to be unaffected by the new organophosphates.
Integrating a Commitment to the Public Good into the Institutional Fabric: Further Lessons from the Field

This essay describes how a group of colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania have engaged in sustained efforts over a two-decade period to integrate a commitment to the public good into the fabric of institutional life.
Timing and structural expression of the Nevadan orogeny, Sierra Nevada, California: Discussions and reply

No Abstract Available. The article discussed appeared in the Bulletin , v. 95, p. 967–979.
Coupled Experimental and Computational Analysis of Fracture Path Selection in PMMA Blocks

While developing experimental and computational tools for analyzing crack path selection and failure loci in adhesively bonded joints, we have initially applied these tools for studying crack paths in pre-notched monolithic blocks of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a common material for conducting brittle fracture experiments. Specimen configurations similar to the compact tension specimen but of varying length/width ratios were used to explore the effect of the T-stress on destabilizing the crack from growing straight along its original direction. Asymmetric versions of this geometry were also used to determine the effect of imposed mode mixity on crack path selection. These test configurations provided useful data for checking the robustness of the computational software based on a meshless local Petrov-Galerkin formulation of the boundary-value problem. The PMMA was assumed to be linear elastic, homogeneous and isotropic. A crack was assumed to initiate when the maximum principal tensile stress reached a critical value and propagate in the direction of the eigenvector of this stress. Effects of the mode-mixity on the crack propagation have been studied.
Thermographic Evaluation of the Painful Shoulder in the Hemiplegic Patient

In this study, we investigated the applicability of thermography as a technique for evaluating the painful postcerebrovascular accident (CVA) shoulder in hemiplegic patients. A thermographic series was taken of the upper extremities and upper trunk of 27 female subjects. The four groups we evaluated were nonhemiplegic subjects (n = 9), post-CVA subjects with recovered function (n = 6), hemiplegic subjects with upper extremity motor impairment (n = 6), and hemiplegic subjects with both motor impairment and ipsilateral shoulder pain (n = 6). The data revealed a normal thermographic series in 8 of the 9 nonhemiplegic subjects, but only in 1 of the 18 post-CVA subjects. The majority of the abnormal thermographic series of post-CVA subjects showed a 1 degree to 5 degree C coolness on the involved side. No consistent thermographic patterns emerged that could be related to the severity or location of pain. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of thermography as a means of determining the relationship between ipsilateral post-CVA coolness and hemiplegic shoulder pain.
First demonstration of rapid shutdown using neon shattered pellet injection for thermal quench mitigation on DIII-D

Shattered pellet injection (SPI) is one of the prime candidates for the ITER disruption mitigation system because of its deeper penetration and larger particle flux than massive gas injection (MGI) (Taylor et al 1999 Phys. Plasmas 6 1872) using deuterium (Commaux et al 2010 Nucl. Fusion 50 112001, Combs et al 2010 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 38 400, Baylor et al 2009 Nucl. Fusion 49 085013). The ITER disruption mitigation system will likely use mostly high Z species such as neon because of more effective thermal mitigation and pumping constraints on the maximum amount of deuterium or helium that could be injected. An upgrade of the SPI on DIII-D enables ITER relevant injection characteristics in terms of quantities and gas species. This upgraded SPI system was used on DIII-D for the first time in 2014 for a direct comparison with MGI using identical quantities of neon. This comparison enabled the measurements of density perturbations during the thermal quench (TQ) and radiated power and heat loads to the divertor. It showed that SPI using similar quantities of neon provided a faster and stronger density perturbation and neon assimilation, which resulted in a lower conducted energy to the divertor and a fastermore » TQ onset. Radiated power data analysis shows that this was probably due to the much deeper penetration of the neon in the plasma inducing a higher core radiation than in the MGI case. This experiment shows also that the MHD activity during an SPI shutdown (especially during the TQ) is quite different compared to MGI. Furthermore, this favorable TQ energy dissipation was obtained while keeping the current quench (CQ) duration within acceptable limits when scaled to ITER.« less
Cataloging in CORC : A work in progress

In following a practice for developing software now common in the computing industry, OCLC has been developing CORC (Cooperative Online Resource Catalog) live, allowing its customers, primarily libraries, to act as beta testers. This has allowed testers to provide continuous feedback as they use and interact with system features as they are added. This has also given beta testers, who have been predominantly catalogers, the unique opportunity to experience the latest computing technologies in a cooperative cataloging environment. Two catalogers from a large ARL library give a hands-on report from the field, and, in so doing, provide a glimpse of what it is like to catalog Internet resources in CORC.
On verifying a high-level design

An overview of design verification techniques is presented, and some of the current research in high-level design verification is described. Formal hardware description languages that are capable of adequately expressing the design specifications have been developed, but some time will be required before they can have the expressive power needed to be used in real applications. Simulation-based approaches are more useful in finding errors in designs than they are in proving the correctness of a certain design. Hybrid approaches that combine simulation with other formal design verification techniques are argued to be the most promising over the short term.
Infectious Diseases in Early Education and Child Care Programs

1. Timothy R. Shope, MD, MPH* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA. * Abbreviations: AAP: : American Academy of Pediatrics CFOC3: : Caring for Our Children , 3rd ed ECE: : early care and education RSV: : respiratory syncytial virus Out-of-home care and education are the norms for most young children and lead to increased exposure to infectious diseases. Pediatricians need to be aware of strategies to reduce the risk of infection and guidelines for determining exclusion and return to care for mildly ill children who participate in group care arrangements. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Recognize the risks of infectious diseases in children who participate in early care and education programs. 2. Understand methods for reducing infectious diseases in early care and education settings. 3. Identify which infectious diseases require exclusion from early care and education programs. Two-thirds of children younger than 6 years participate in nonparental out-of-home early education and child care. Demographic trends during the past several decades reflect an increased desire and need to work for men and women who are parents. During the first 2 years of participation, children enrolled in early care and education (ECE) programs experience a higher incidence of respiratory and diarrheal infections, otitis media, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria compared with their peers primarily cared for at home. The types of infection generally reflect common respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses in circulation in the community. However, there are some infectious diseases that can cause outbreaks or clusters of infections in ECE settings. When ill children are excluded from an ECE facility, parents may miss work, lose income, and seek health care services in an effort to return their children to child care. Pediatricians need to be aware of the infectious disease risks of child care attendance and various strategies for reducing them. In addition, pediatricians need to be knowledgeable about rational exclusion and return …
Hepatoblastoma in an Adult with Metastasis to the Ovaries

A 19-year-old female had ascites, an enlarged liver, pelvic masses, and an alpha-fetoprotein level of 397,000 micrograms/L with a normal beta-human chorionic gonadotropin serum level. Abdominal exploration revealed a large solitary liver mass with bilateral ovarian masses, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and wedge liver biopsy were performed. The tumor was composed of cords, nests, and pseudorosettes of polyhedral cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and nuclei with prominent nucleoli. The clinical, light microscopic, and immunocytochemical features indicate that the primary liver neoplasm and ovarian metastases were a purely epithelial hepatoblastoma. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of this type.
Monte Carlo Modeling of Ion Transport Througe RF Glow Discharge Sheaths

The transport of ions through a rf-plasma sheath was simulated using a Monte Carlo method to determine the distribution of ion bombardment energy and impingement angle. Several types of ion-molecule interactions were tested to determine their effect on the distributions: elastic hard-sphere scattering, elastic potential-field interactions (based upon reported literature values obtained by drift tube measures), and charge transfer. The type of elastic scattering does not significantly change the angular distributions; however, the scattering cross-sections changes as a function of ion energy (or sheath E/P) for the potential-field interactions. The fraction of collisions giving charge exchange makes a large difference in the simulated directionality as well as a factor of two difference in the average bombardment energy.
Single-session emotion regulation skills training to reduce aggression in combat veterans: a clinical innovation case study

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common among returning veterans, and aggression frequently co-occurs with PTSD. Veterans with PTSD most commonly engage in impulsive aggression, or aggression that is emotionally charged, unplanned, and uncontrolled, rather than premeditated aggression, which is planned and controlled. Previous research demonstrated a variety of emotions can result in aggression, rather than the traditional conceptualization that only anger leads to aggression. In a veteran sample, deficiencies in the ability to regulate emotions (emotion dysregulation) mediated the relationship between PTSD and impulsive aggression. These results suggest that teaching veterans with PTSD and impulsive aggression how to regulate emotions may decrease aggression. The cases presented illustrate the use of an innovative, single-session emotion regulation treatment for combat veterans with PTSD. Two cases are presented to generate hypotheses on who might benefit from this treatment in the future. The two male veterans treated with this protocol differed in how frequently they used the emotion regulation skills after the treatment and in their treatment outcomes. Teaching veterans how to regulate their emotions in a condensed time frame may be beneficial for certain veterans, and further research on this brief treatment is warranted. (PsycINFO Database Record
Design and Implementation of Data Analysis Library System Based on Discriminant Analysis

Discriminant analysis is a statistical method used to identify the unit according to its type. The analysis contributes guideline of classified data to the rules, then uses the rules to classify the unit unknown. In this paper, the design and implentation of discriminant analysis-based data analysis library system is discussed. This system adopts the linear discriminant analysis and Mahalanobis distance discriminant analysis and has some value in the research and application of data analysis.
Algorithmic Musical Improvisation From 2d Board Games.

ScrabbleTM-to-MIDI is a computer-emulated two dimensional board game that generates MIDI music from game rules and state as the game is played. Software modules include the board graphical user interface, rule engine and game state, a translator that maps game state to musical events, a second graphical user interface for manipulating translator configuration parameters, and a software synthesizer for rendering MIDI events. The plugin translator and its configuration parameters comprise a composition. Improvisation consists of playing a unique game and of making ongoing adjustments to mapping parameters during play. Statistical distributions of letters and words provide a basis for mapping structures from word lists to notes, chords and phrases. While pseudorandom tile selection provides a stochastic aspect to the instrument, players utilize knowledge of vocabulary to impose structure on this sequence of pseudo-random selections, and a conductor uses mapping parameters to variegate this structure in up to sixteen instrument voices.
“I just think that doctors need to ask more questions”: Sexual minority and majority adolescents’ experiences talking about sexuality with healthcare providers

Abstract Objective To examine adolescent and young adults’ experiences of sexuality communication with physicians, and gain advice for improving interactions. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with questions focusing on: puberty, romantic attractions, sexual orientation, dating, sexual behavior, clinical environment, and role of parents. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis with both open and axial coding. Results Five themes emerged from interviews: 1) need for increased quantity of sexual communication, 2) issues of confidentiality/privacy, 3) comfort (physician discomfort, physical space), 4) inclusivity (language use, gender-fluid patients, office environment), 5) need for increased quality of sexual communication. Conclusions Sexual minority and majority adolescents and young adults indicate sexuality discussions with physicians are infrequent and need improvement. They indicate language use and clinical physical environment are important places where physicians can show inclusiveness and increase comfort. Practice implications Physicians should make an effort to include sexual communication at every visit. They should consider using indirect questions to assess sexual topics, provide other outlets for sexual health information, and ask parents to leave the exam room to improve confidentiality. Clinic staff should participate in Safe Zone trainings, and practices can promote inclusion with signs that indicate safe and accepting environments.
Crystal structure of the cohesin loader Scc2 and insight into cohesinopathy

The ring-shaped cohesin complex topologically entraps chromosomes and regulates chromosome segregation, transcription, and DNA repair. The cohesin core consists of the structural maintenance of chromosomes 1 and 3 (Smc1–Smc3) heterodimeric ATPase, the kleisin subunit sister chromatid cohesion 1 (Scc1) that links the two ATPase heads, and the Scc1-bound adaptor protein Scc3. The sister chromatid cohesion 2 and 4 (Scc2–Scc4) complex loads cohesin onto chromosomes. Mutations of cohesin and its regulators, including Scc2, cause human developmental diseases termed cohesinopathy. Here, we report the crystal structure of Chaetomium thermophilum (Ct) Scc2 and examine its interaction with cohesin. Similar to Scc3 and another Scc1-interacting cohesin regulator, precocious dissociation of sisters 5 (Pds5), Scc2 consists mostly of helical repeats that fold into a hook-shaped structure. Scc2 binds to Scc1 through an N-terminal region of Scc1 that overlaps with its Pds5-binding region. Many cohesinopathy mutations target conserved residues in Scc2 and diminish Ct Scc2 binding to Ct Scc1. Pds5 binding to Scc1 weakens the Scc2–Scc1 interaction. Our study defines a functionally important interaction between the kleisin subunit of cohesin and the hook of Scc2. Through competing with Scc2 for Scc1 binding, Pds5 might contribute to the release of Scc2 from loaded cohesin, freeing Scc2 for additional rounds of loading.
Characterization of naturally fractured Arbuckle Group in the Wellington Field, Kansas, using S-wave amplitude variation with offset

AbstractS-wave amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis is sensitive to the presence of fractures and can provide a high-resolution seismic-based fracture characterization as compared with traditionally used traveltime-based methods. To determine viable attributes for estimation of properties such as spatial density and fluid fill of fractures, S-wave AVO modeling and analysis is carried out in the Wellington Field, Kansas, where 9C-2D seismic data have been acquired. Analysis is performed on the Ordovician fractured-carbonate interval called the Arbuckle Group, which is being considered for CO2 sequestration. AVO modeling of the Arbuckle interval indicates that differences in AVO intercepts of different S-wave polarizations can estimate S-wave anisotropy parameter γ, which gives an estimate of fracture density. In addition, modeling suggests that AVO gradients of SV and SH waves can be used to derive a seismic attribute to discriminate fluid fill in fractures, provided good-quality S-wave gathers a...
A Review of “The Grace of Playing: Pedagogies for Leaning into God's New Creation.”

Take a moment to think about a time when you experienced an “ah-ha moment” or a “God moment.” A moment where you found yourself swimming in the grace of God and it opened you up to a new awareness ...
Using Radiogenic Noble Gases to Trace the Conditions of Crustal Fluid Migration

Abstract The radiogenic noble gas isotope composition (e.g., 4 He*, 21 Ne*, 40 Ar*, where * denotes the radiogenic component) of crustal mineral grains was investigated to evaluate their utility as a geochemical tracer for characterizing subsurface processes and conditions of crustal fluid migration, specifically within black shales. Because the production of radiogenic noble gases can be predicted by measuring the relative abundance of parent isotopes (e.g., U, Th, K), the distribution of radiogenic noble gases that are retained in crustal minerals can provide important insight into the behavior of fluids in the crust. We hypothesized that the 4 He/ 21 Ne* may be particularly useful for these purposes because the production of each isotope is fixed at a nearly constant rate of 4 He/ 21 Ne*=22x10 6 in the crust. Nonetheless, following radiogenic/nucleogenic production, the rate of diffusional release of each radiogenic isotope (e.g., 4 He*, 21 Ne*) from mineral grains in the rock matrix can vary as a function of temperature, mineral phase, and potentially the rate and extent of fluid migration. As a result, measuring the 4 He/ 21 Ne* in fluids or rocks provides information on effective rock porosity, temperature, rate, and volume of fluid flow. Here, we examine the 4 He and 21 Ne* concentrations, and their isotopic ratio, in quartz grains from the Marcellus Shale (Appalachian Basin, USA). Samples include outcrop samples, sub-crop samples collected at differing deformation regimes (e.g., along faults), and from samples collected from the lateral legs of producing wells. Each sample type experienced differing rates and maximum thermal maturities associated with their geological burial histories. Our results reflect fractionation of 4 He and 21 Ne* according to the thermal maturity of each sample set as well as with respect to the proximity of deformational features.
A paper-based platform for detection of viral RNA

Viral detection presents a host of challenges for even the most sensitive analytical techniques, and the complexity of common detection platforms typically preclude portability. With these considerations in mind, we designed a paper microzone plate-based virus detection system for the detection of viral genetic material that can be performed with simple instruments. The sensing system can detect viral cDNA reverse-transcribed from total RNA extraction by utilizing a biotinylated capture probe and an Alexa Fluor® 647-labeled reporter probe. The biotinylated capture probe was linked to the paper surface via NeutrAvidin® that was physically adsorbed on the paper. After addition of reverse-transcribed sample and reporter probe in sequence, the reverse-transcribed target captured the reporter probe and tethered it to the capture probe in a bridged format. Fluorescence intensity was imaged using a Western blot imaging system, and higher target concentration was visible by the increased emission intensity from Alexa Fluor® 647. By utilizing paper, this detection setup could also serve as a sample concentration method via evaporation, which could remarkably lower the detection limit if needed. This detection platform used Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) RNA as a proof-of-concept by sensing cDNA resulting from reverse transcription and can be further expanded as a general method for other pathogens. EBV is a well-known human tumor virus, which has also recently been linked to the development of cervical cancer. The assay was accomplished within two hours including the room-temperature RNA extraction and reverse transcription steps. Also, this paper microzone plate-based platform can potentially be applicable for the development of point-of-care (POC) detection kits or devices due to its robust design, convenient interface, and easy portability. The experiment could be stopped after each step, and continued at a later time. The shelf-life of the modified paper plate setup was at least 3 months without a discernible change in signal, and the result from day 1 could be read at 3 months – both of which are important criteria for POC analytical testing tools, especially in resource-poor settings. All of the required assay steps could potentially be performed without any significant equipment using inexpensive paper microzone plates, which will be ideal for further development of POC testing devices. Although, this platform is not at the stage where it can be directly used in a point-of-care setting, it does have fundamental characteristics such as a stable platform, a simple detection method, and relatively common reagents that align closely with a POC system.
Novice Interpretations of Progress Monitoring Graphs: Extreme Values and Graphical Aids

Curriculum-Based Measurement of Reading (CBM-R) is frequently used to monitor instructional effects and evaluate response to instruction. Educators often view the data graphically on a time-series ...
Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionation: Production of Ethanol, Lignin and Carbon Source for Fungal Culture

This paper focuses on valorization alternatives of several fractions of new feedstock as Juncus maritimus and Retama raetam through a specific laboratory-scale part of biorefinery way implying organosolv and chemical pretreatments as well as cellulose saccharification and alcoholic fermentation to obtain acceptable yields. After organosolv pretreatment, the obtained cellulosic fraction was used as substrate for cellulase catalyzed-saccharification followed by fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for ethanol production. The maximum obtained ethanol yields were (41.7 ± 0.85)% and (40.57 ± 1.18)% (g ethanol g−1 glucose) using respectively J. maritimus and R. raetam. The liquid hemicellulosic fraction collected after pretreatment was used as a carbon source for Aspergillus niger culture in order to produce xylanolytic enzymes. The highest xylanase activity obtained was 0.44 U mL−1 using the hemicellulosic fraction of J. maritimus. When using chemical pretreatment, the cellulose obtained in the solid fraction was converted into ethanol with yields reaching 37.28 ± 0.81% and 38.35 ± 1.76% respectively from R. reatam and J. maritimus biomasses. The lignin from solid phase separated from cellulose was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It shows potential interest for use in aromatic chemicals production.
Thermoelectric figure of merit of ( In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As ) 0.8 ( In 0.52 Al 0.48 As ) 0.2 III-V semiconductor alloys

The thermoelectric figure of merit is measured and theoretically analyzed for $n$-type Si-doped InGaAlAs III-V quaternary alloys at high temperatures. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of a Si-doped ${({\text{In}}_{0.53}{\text{Ga}}_{0.47}\text{As})}_{0.8}{({\text{In}}_{0.52}{\text{Al}}_{0.48}\text{As})}_{0.2}$ of $2\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ thickness lattice matched to InP substrate grown by molecular-beam epitaxy are measured up to 800 K. The measurement results are analyzed using the Boltzmann transport theory based on the relaxation-time approximation and the theoretical calculation is extended to find optimal carrier densities that maximize the figure of merit at various temperatures. The figure of merit of 0.9 at 800 K is measured at a doping level of $1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{18}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and the theoretical prediction shows that the figure of merit can reach 1.3 at 1000 K at a doping level of $1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{18}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.
“Will the Wolf Survive?”: Punk Rock and Chicana/o Identity in Los Angeles

This chapter examines the way Chicanos in Los Angeles utilized punk rock to resist assimilation into mainstream, white America at the same that they actively worked to break from their Mexican cultural roots. This chapter argues that the LA punk scene of the 1970s and 1980s was a further example of mestizaje—that is, hybridization as an act of resistance and survival. What resulted was the furthering of a distinctly syncretic Mexican-American identity. Building upon the presence of Chicana/o musicians in LA’s rock scene in the 1950s up through the advent of “Chicano Rock” in the 1960s and 1970s, Chicana/o punk rockers worked to forge a space of their own within their own communities in which “Los Punks” could maintain their cultural identity unsullied from traditional and assimilative forces.
Terrorist Finance, Informal Markets, Trade and Regulation: Challenges of Evidence Regarding International Efforts

Terrorism is not a new problem, and politically motivated offending has been ­handled in a variety of ways from ancient Greece to modern times (Passas, 1986). The process of globalization and the cross-border movement of ideas, information, people, goods, and capital, have brought terrorism to the fore of public, media, and government attention. Policymakers, scholars, and others have increased their efforts to understand, detect, and prevent this phenomenon, which defies scientific and universal definition (National Research Council, 2002). A necessary and important piece of this puzzle involves the financing of terrorist activities. In the aftermath of the 11 September 2001 attacks in New York and Washington, DC (hereafter “9/11”), countering of terrorist funding took center stage as a focus of global law enforcement and policy (Giraldo & Trinkunas, 2007; Naylor, 2006; Passas, 2008; Pieth, Thelesklaf, & Ivory, 2009; Warde, 2007).
Managers Fail to Innovate and Academics Fail to Explain How

I am stunned by the failure of so many organizations to create the capability for generating streams of new products and services over time. Organizations capable of ongoing innovation can create more profits, more value, more employment, more growth, and more adaptability to transformations in technologies and markets (BCG study of investor returns). Generating streams of innovation is even more important now, especially for organizations in emerging economies, because industrial transformations and global grand challenges (Ferraro, Etzion, & Gehman, 2015) demand continuous innovations in products, programs, business processes, and strategies. For example, digitalization is transforming business models from vertical industrial silos such as consumer goods, materials, or financials to horizontal platforms that orchestrate networks, create technologies, and provide services (think Amazon, Alibaba). New markets and technologies emerge unpredictably but will produce major economic and social changes. Emerging economies more directly face grand challenge complexities of poverty, water scarcity, inequality, and climate changes. Innovations in emerging economy organizations are also very complex, since they often include innovations in sales, distribution, and business models along with rigorous product design and development processes.
Chromosomes and Cell Division

Depending upon the species, two or more chromosomes are enclosed within the nucleus of each eukaryotic cell. The chemical composition of chromosomes in eukaryotic organisms is mainly deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein. Usually, some ribonucleic acid (RNA) is also present along with certain ions. The complex of DNA and proteins is called deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP). About half of the molecular weight of the chromosome is due to DNA, and the remainder is mostly protein. The chromosome is a structural entity composed of chromatin that is the associated DNA and protein. When the chromosomes replicate, as a preparatory step for cell division, the two resultant chromosome strands in each case are identical; they are now called chromatids.
A random walk example

In this section we study in some detail a random walk scheme which is more general than the one we studied in § 5. First we develop a general method.
'Cultural mathematics' in the Oksapmin curriculum: continuities and discontinuities

We report an observational study of school mathematics instruction in Oksapmin, a remote Central Highlands community in Papua New Guinea. As a part of a national initiative, Papua New Guinea is engaged in implementing educational reforms that attempt to create strong links between activities in school and students' out-of-school lives. We show how reforms have mitigated some of the sharp discontinuities between activities in and out of school though at the same time they have created others. For example, the prior colonial-like system of education that did not allow use of indigenous languages in school classrooms (a discontinuity between in and out of school) has given way to elementary schools in which children are not only encouraged to use their native language in school, they are taught the indigenous mathematics of traditional life. However, in the process of incorporating the traditional mathematics into school instruction, that mathematics is altered in some fundamental ways, as teachers create explicit links to the base 10 English counting system. The transformations of out-of-school practices raise questions about the long-term impact of schooling on out-of-school mathematical practices and traditional ways.
Aromatase inhibitors combined with aspirin to prevent lung cancer in preclinical models

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide (1). Although the incidence rate of lung cancer in women is lower than that of breast cancer, the 5-year survival rate for lung cancer is less than 20% in North America and other developed countries, thereby making it the leading cause of cancer mortality among women (2,3).
Evaluation of contingency management as a strategy to improve HCV linkage to care and treatment in persons attending needle and syringe programs: A pilot study.

Abstract Background A greater proportion of HCV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID) need to be linked to care for HCV antiviral treatment. This study sets out to evaluate the efficacy of contingency management (CM) for improving HCV linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence, and cure for PWID recruited from a needle and syringe program. Methods Between March 2015 and April 2016, 20 participants were enrolled into the CM arm, and then subsequently enrolled 20 participants in the enhanced standard of care (eSOC) arm. Participants in the eSOC arm received an expedited appointment and a round-trip transit card. Participants enrolled in the CM arm received eSOC plus $25 for up to ten HCV clinical visits and $10 for each returned weekly medication blister pack. Adherence was measured via electronic blister packs. Results Overall the median age was 47 years; most were men (67%) and Hispanic (69%). There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between participants in the study arms. In the CM arm 74% were linked to HCV care, compared to 30% in the eSOC arm (p = 0.01). In the CM arm, 75% (9/12) of treatment eligible participants initiated treatment, compared to 100%(4/4) in the eSOC arm (p = 0.53). All patients (9/9) achieved cure in the CM arm, as compared to 75% (3/4) of patients in the eSOC arm. There were no differences in adherence between study arms. Conclusions In this pilot study, contingency management led to higher rates of HCV linkage to care for PWID, as compared to standard of care. CM should be considered as a possible intervention to improve the HCV treatment cascade for PWID.
Does More Sleep Time Improve Memory? Evidence for the Middle-Aged and Elderly

ABSTRACTBackground: The world population is aging rapidly. However, no study exists that examines specifically the effect of sleep time on memory among the middle-aged and elderly. Purpose: This pa...
New Functions of Physical Stores in the Age of Omnichannel Retailing

In the omnichannel era, physical stores are far more than a mere selling channel. As one of the major consumer touchpoints, stores have gradually taken up new functions. For example, with the advent of omnichannel initiatives such as Buy-Online-Pickup-in-Store and Click-and-Collect, stores are becoming fulfillment centers where customers pick up their online orders. In addition, many stores are being transformed into physical showrooms where customers can evaluate products offline before making the purchase online. In this chapter, we review recent research on the effectiveness of these innovative functions of stores. We hope to motivate both practitioners and researchers to rethink the role of physical locations in the increasingly connected world.