cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inclusion of Synthetic Polymers within the Curriculum of the ACS Certified Undergraduate Degree

The 2015 Guidelines approved by the Committee on Professional Training of the American Chemical Society require that the curriculum for the certified undergraduate degree include the principles that govern macromolecular, supramolecular, mesoscale, and nanoscale systems. The rationale for this new requirement recognizes that the synthesis, analysis, and physical properties of small molecules give an incomplete picture of the higher-order interactions that occur in these systems. Programs can satisfy this requirement through an in-depth course on these systems or distributed coverage over two or more required courses. It is anticipated that the majority of undergraduate degree programs will include at least some coverage of synthetic polymers, but there may be concerns in many departments on how best to implement such coverage. Suggested topics that illustrate important aspects of the chemistry and properties of synthetic polymers in the curriculum are described.
Commercial technology strategies in high–temperature superconductivity: the USA and Japan

New technical discoveries in higher–temperature superconductivity (HTS) have forced private companies throughout the world to assess the impact of these discoveries on planning for research and development (R&D). Because significant commercial outcomes for HTS are highly uncertain at this time, strategic decisions in R&D are particularly difficult for managements. This study compares the pattern of R&D decision–making in the USA and Japan, using interviews with major executives of corporations of both countries. Important differences are described, which could have a substantial impact on future commercial development of this emerging technology.
Rainfall–runoff responses on Arctic hillslopes underlain by continuous permafrost, North Slope, Alaska, USA

The Arctic hydrologic cycle is intensifying, as evidenced by increased rates of precipitation, evapotranspiration, and riverine discharge. However, the controls on water fluxes from terrestrial to aquatic systems in upland Arctic landscapes are poorly understood. Upland landscapes account for 1/3rd of the Arctic land surface and are often drained by zero-order geomorphic flowpath features called water tracks. Previous work in the region attributed rapid runoff response at larger stream orders to water tracks, but models suggest water tracks are hydrologically disconnected from the surrounding hillslope. To better understand the role of water tracks in upland landscapes, we investigated the surface and subsurface hydrologic responses of six water tracks and their hillslope watersheds to natural patterns of rainfall, soil thaw, and drainage. Between storms, both water track discharge and the water table in the hillslope watersheds exhibited diel fluctuations that, when lagged by five hours, were temporally correlated with peak evapotranspiration rate. Water track soils remained saturated for more of the summer season than soils in their surrounding hillslope watersheds. When rainfall occurred, the subsurface response was nearly instantaneous, but the water tracks took significantly longer than the hillslopes to respond to rainfall, and longer than the responses previously observed in nearby larger order Arctic streams. There was also evidence for antecedent soil water storage conditions controlling the magnitude of runoff response. Based on these observations, we used a broken stick model to test the hypothesis that runoff production in response to individual storms was primarily controlled by rainfall amount and antecedent water storage conditions near the water track outlet. We found that the relative importance of the two factors varied by site and that water tracks with similar watershed geometries and at similar landscape positions had similar rainfall-runoff model relationships. Thus, the response of terrestrial water fluxes in the upland Arctic to climate change depends on the non-linear interactions between rainfall patterns and subsurface water storage capacity on hillslopes. Predicting these interactions across the landscape remains an important challenge.
DGTD simulation of HPM air breakdown using a 5-moment fluid model and non-maxwellian EEDF

A discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method is presented to simulate the coupled electromagnetic — plasma interactions in the modeling of high-power microwave (HPM) breakdown in air. For this multiphysics problem, the electromagnetic fields are governed by Maxwell's equations and the plasma is modeled as an electron fluid in continuum, which is governed by five-moment fluid equations. The non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is used to calculate electron transport coefficients and describe the non-equilibrium collision process between electrons and neutral particles. The coupled system is solved using the coupled DGTD method for a good accuracy and a high efficiency. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the HPM pulse tail erosion when it travels through air at different pressures.
Use of Serum Transthyretin as a Prognostic Indicator and Predictor of Outcome in Cardiac Amyloid Disease Associated With Wild-Type Transthyretin

Background: Wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt), an underappreciated cause of heart failure in older adults, is challenging to diagnose and monitor in the absence of validated, disease-specific biomarkers. We examined the prognostic use and survival association of serum TTR (transthyretin) concentration in ATTRwt. Methods and Results: Patients with biopsy-proven ATTRwt were retrospectively identified. Serum TTR, cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiographic parameters were assessed at baseline and follow-up evaluations. Statistical analyses included Kaplan–Meier method, Cox proportional hazard survival models, and receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. Median serum TTR concentration at presentation was 23 mg/dL (n=116). Multivariate predictors of shorter overall survival were decreased TTR, left ventricular ejection fraction and elevated cTn-I (cardiac troponin I); an inclusive model demonstrated superior accuracy in 4-year survival prediction by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve, 0.77). TTR values lower than the normal limit, P =0.03). Further, TTR values at 1- and 2-year follow-ups were significantly lower ( P P =0.006) in untreated patients; conversely, the diflunisal-treated group showed increased TTR ( P =0.001) and stabilized cTn-I and left ventricular ejection fraction at 1 year. Conclusions: In this series of biopsy-proven ATTRwt, lower baseline serum TTR concentration was associated with shorter survival as an independent predictor of outcome. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that decreasing TTR corresponded to worsening cardiac function. These data suggest that TTR may be a useful prognostic marker and predictor of outcome in ATTRwt.
Do Pediatric Early Warning Systems for Hospitalized Children Reduce Mortality

Abstract Pediatric early warning systems have been implemented in many children's hospitals in the hope that they would aid in the early identification of hospitalized children who are clinically deteriorating. A large, recently completed multicenter study found that the use of the Bedside Pediatric Early Warning System (BedsidePEWS) did not decrease all-cause mortality compared to usual care hospitals and did not support the use of the BedsidePEWS to reduce mortality. Earlier studies had found that the use of pediatric early warning systems removed communication barriers and empowered nurses to make independent clinical decisions based on a predetermined multidisciplinary plan. Future investigations need to move away from studies of simple interventions with an easily accessible outcome, such as mortality, to studies based on a broader, more inclusive understanding of therapeutic interventions.
The new face of refugee resettlement in Wisconsin: what it means for physicians and policy makers.

BACKGROUND Historically, Wisconsin has received refugees from 3 large geographic areas: Southeast Asia, the Former Soviet Union, and the former Republic of Yugoslavia. However, recent trends demonstrate a dramatic increase in the number of countries from which current refugees originate. Further, state migration patterns show that most counties in Wisconsin have sizable per capita refugee populations and can expect more. OBJECTIVE This paper describes past and current refugee resettlement trends and their ramifications on health care delivery, health policy, and social development in Wisconsin. METHODS Statistical data on national, regional, and state refugee resettlement trends was obtained from the US Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Refugee Resettlement and the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development. Additional data was obtained from Milwaukee-based refugee service agencies. Further, discussions were held with health officials in Barron County and around the Midwest. FINDINGS Beginning in the 1980s, with the influx of Laotian Hmong refugees, and continuing through the late 1990s with the end of the Balkan Wars, Wisconsin has provided safe refuge for thousands of refugees. Over the last 5 years the diversity of refugees being resettled in Wisconsin has accelerated to include an array of countries. This phenomenon has led to an increase in the range of health behaviors and health needs characteristic of these populations. The new face of refugee immigration has profound implications on Wisconsin's health landscape, not only in terms of clinical disease, but also in health policy, planning, and social development.
Measurement of the Background Gamma Dose Rates in Houston, Texas: A Descriptive Summary of an Undergraduate Research Mentored Project Performed by Students Underrepresented in the Health Physics Profession: Erratum.

Natural background radiations include cosmic, terrestrial, and medical sources. Cosmic radiation is mostly shielded by the magnetic field of the Earth; however, those that penetrate can produce nuclear interactions within the Earth's atmosphere yielding cosmic ray showers. Terrestrial and medical sources of radioactivity are typically identified through radionuclide-specific decay signatures. Medical sources of radiation mainly result from diagnostic x rays, which attenuate into the environment. These x rays also contribute slightly to background radiation. The purpose of this study was to have students involved with the Texas Southern University (TSU) health physics program measure and report background gamma dose rates in Houston, Texas, using the Canberra InSpector 1000 Digital Hand-Held Multichannel Analyzer. The results were compared with the average gamma dose rate on Earth. Of note, TSU is one of the largest historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the nation and currently boasts the only undergraduate health physics program in Houston. Targeted locations were selected within the I-610 loop of Houston covering an area of approximately 100 km. Measurements were performed at nine locations and verified by GPS latitude and longitude coordinates. The dose rate was measured over a 100 m area at each location, while spectral analysis was simultaneously performed for natural gamma-emitters. Our results suggest the dose rate averaged over all geographical locations in this study was 0.114 ± 0.001 μSv h and thus, consistent with most literature. The only radionuclide identified in the spectra in all measurements was K due to the limited energy resolution of the InSpector 1000.
Observational Study Examining the Diagnostic Practice of Ki67 Staining for Melanocytic Lesions

Background:Dermatopathologists routinely use Ki67 immunostaining to assess atypical melanocytic lesions with a dermal component to determine whether an ambiguous tumor is melanoma. However, there is no universal standard of use for Ki67 in melanocytic neoplasms. We sought to observe the real-world u
IgnoreTM: Opportunistically Ignoring Timing Violations for Energy Savings using HTM

Energy consumption is the dominant factor in many computing systems. Voltage scaling is a widely used technique to lower energy consumption, which exploits supply voltage margins to ensure reliable circuit operation. Aggressive voltage scaling will slow signal propagation; without coherent frequency relaxation, timing violations may be generated. Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) offers an error recovery mechanism that allows reliable execution and power savings with modest overhead. We propose IgnoreTM, an adaptive error management framework, that tolerates (i.e., opportunistically ignores) timing violations, allowing for more aggressive voltage scaling. Our experimental results show that IgnoreTM allows up to 47% total energy savings with negligible impact on runtime.
Legalization: The Expansion of Law's Domain

As human societies have become more complex, they have seen increasing legalization – understood here as the tendency of placing problems under the control of the legal system. Legalization has become a dominant factor in industrially developed nations since the nineteenth century, as law has spread in an effort to control complex relations that have emerged with developments in technology, communications, travel, and the commercial market. Among its consequences are increases in rates of litigation and the development of law-based institutions, even in the international arena, to control harmful conduct by individuals, organizations, and the state.
Addressing Low-Value Care: Training the Spotlight on Children!

* Abbreviation: RHIC — : regional health improvement collaborative The study “Differences in Receipt of Low-Value Services Between Publicly and Privately Insured Children” in this issue of Pediatrics provides valuable new information on the topic of low-value care in pediatrics with actionable information for policy makers and improvement efforts.1 Low-value care is costly to the health care system and to individuals and their families, with estimated annual costs of $75 to $101 billion.2 Beyond the unnecessary financial costs to the system, low-value care can cause harm and as such is an important dimension of patient safety. In the past 5 years, several initiatives have actively addressed low-value care, the most notable of which is the Choosing Wisely campaign, launched by the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation in 2012.3 This campaign has national and international influence in encouraging medical specialties to identify and combat low-value services. Since 2012, >70 medical specialty societies have published >550 recommendations about overused tests and treatments that clinicians and patients should avoid. The American Academy of Pediatrics published their list of 10 low-value services … Address correspondence to Lisa A. Simpson, MB, BCh, MPH, FAAP, AcademyHealth, 1666 K St NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20006. E-mail: lisa.simpson{at}academyhealth.org
Hirschsprung disease and imperforate anus without fistula in a 5-year-old boy with Trisomy 21

Abstract Background Hirschsprung disease (HD) and anorectal malformations (ARM) occur in approximately 1 in 5000 live births. These conditions are associated with Trisomy 21 but their co-existence in a single patient is exceedingly rare. Case report A male infant was born at 36 weeks gestational age with Trisomy 21 and imperforate anus without fistula. He underwent divided colostomy, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty, and colostomy reversal as three separate procedures. Two weeks after colostomy reversal, the patient developed abdominal distention and difficulty feeding. He underwent laparotomy, lysis of adhesions, and strictureplasty at the site of the previous colostomy reversal, but continued to struggle with abdominal distension and poor weight gain. Contrast enema and colonoscopy performed at 5 years of age revealed a patent anastomosis with significant dilatation of the colon proximal to the anastomosis and collapsed distal colon. Full-thickness biopsy of the neorectum was consistent with HD. The patient then underwent transverse colectomy, levelling colostomy, and mucus fistula creation. He recovered well with improvement in weight gain and abdominal distension. Conclusion HD and ARM may co-exist in children with Trisomy 21 and other genetic syndromes. Rectal biopsy should be considered prior to colostomy reversal in patients with ARM and Trisomy 21.
Magneto-electric Transistor Devices and Circuits with Steering Logic

Magneto-electric transistor (MEFET) schemes are voltage-controlled spintronic devices. Introduced here is a one-source two-drain magneto-electric MEFET, such that each gate has two outputs. This allows logic to be configured with a steering function, switching the electron flux to one of two outputs termed “steering logic”. The result is a highly efficient and simple scheme for logic implementation. A majority gate can be constructed with four components (four single input devices) but with only one leakage path and requiring only a single clock cycle to complete the function.
Immersed in oil: Community journalism, petroculture, and environmental justice in Los Angeles

Digital Storytelling, Community Journalism.This course is designed to introduce students to basic concepts in digital storytelling and community journalism. “Immersed in urban oil” is an interdisci...
Cardinal representatives

In the absence of the axiom of choice it is sometimes, but not always, possible to define the notion of cardinal number such that for anyx, x ≈ |x|.
Electoral Reform & Strategic Voting in Chilean Legislative Elections

This paper examines the effects of Chile's 2015 electoral reform, which increased the magnitude of districts in Chile's lower legislative chamber from two to between three and eight. This increase ...
Genetik der Eukaryonten: Die Mendelschen Regeln

In einem fruheren Kapitel wurde beschrieben, wie sich die Chromosomen bei der Meiose verhalten. Wir konnen dies nun zur Aufteilung der Gene in Beziehung setzen, die zuerst von Gregor Mendel untersucht wurde. Mendels Experimente lieferten die Grundlage fur unser heutiges Wissen uber die Genetik. Es ist eine Ironie des Schicksals, das die Bedeutung des Werkes Gregor Mendels 30 Jahre lang ungewurdigt blieb.
Asking prices, selling prices, and anchoring effects

Purpose – Commercial auctions of cultural goods are typically brokerage arrangements where potential buyers may consider pre-sale estimates (PSEs) in bidding. The economic theory suggests that PSEs should provide honest guidance – winning bids should, on average, equal PSEs – but available research from fine art and antique auctions finds otherwise. The authors examine this relationship for commercial auctions of fine wine – items which, unlike fine art and antiques, are widely traded so that bidders may more knowledgably interpret PSEs. Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines the relationship of PSEs to winning bids econometrically for an iconic wine widely traded in several Chicago wine auctions, a novel setting for this analysis. Findings – The relationship of winning bids to PSEs differs significantly between two neighboring auction houses, perhaps reflecting differences in how they do business; neither’s PSEs have a straightforward relationship to winning bids; PSEs have an influence on winn...
Effect of RE ion valency variation in Tb and Dy doped magnetic SrFe 10−x RE x O 19 hexaferrite

M-type hexaferrites are focused of much research because of its outstanding properties such as high saturation magnetism (Ms), high coercivity (Hc), high permeability and low conductive looses, excellent chemical stability, and corrosion resistivity. Because of these properties M-type ferrite find wide industrial applications ranging from microwave devices to recording media [1]. The magnetic and electric properties of these ferrites can be tuned by replacing Fe3+ or Sr2+/Ba2+ with magnetic or non-magnetic ion. The result of these substitutions is to alter magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetization to suite particular application. Recent reports have shown the effect of high concentration of RE3+ doping in the M-type of ferrite [2, 3, 4, 5]. The work by Wang [5], the magnetism reduced from 64 emu/g to 64 emu/g with doping of lanthanum (La) with x=0.25at 1200°C while the coercivity was increased greatly from 1.95 kOe to 3.4 kOe. Karimi's group [6] showed that the small amount of Ce doping in ferrite leads to variation in the lattice parameter due to dual valence Ce3+/4+. In the present study we have synthesized SrRE x Fe 12-x O 19 (RE=Tb or Dy) where RE ions are known display multivalence. Consequently it is important to understand the concomitant structural and magnetic changes resulting from variation in RE valency. The valency changes in turn changes their ionic radii and anisotropy.
A neural network approach to large dimensional spectral pattern processing

The authors present a multiple neural network system that extracts and interprets spatiotemporal features from two-dimensional spectral images. The system uses interconnected multiple networks where the first network extracts spatial features and successive networks label and classify the features. The labeling network uses a priori knowledge on its connection weights, thereby eliminating the need for extensive learning. The model was applied to speech spectral images to extract morphological properties of speech sound corresponding to certain phonetic cues. This approach enabled extraction of spatio-temporal features from large images using neural networks and also provided a mechanism to use a priori knowledge in the connection weights of the network. >
How Production Value Impacts Perceived Technical Quality, Credibility, and Economic Value of Video News:

Although media professionals use production value to refer to technical aspects of program quality, evidence suggests that viewers are not adept at recognizing this property of content. Nonetheless...
Antenna Modeling Using Integral Equations and the Method of Moments

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Integral Equations The Method of Moments Thin‐Wire Antennas Wire Antenna Feed Models Method of Moments Solution of EQ. (29.22) Singularity in the Green's Function Steps within a Typical Analysis Accuracy and Convergence of Numerical Solutions Example: Mutual Impedance Matrix for Three‐Element Array Antennas Configured from Arbitrary Conductor Shapes Printed Circuit Antennas Example: Microstrip Patch Analysis Analysis of Large Arrays and Periodic Structures Visualization of Numerical Results Antenna Design Through Numerical Optimization Fast Numerical Methods for Large or Complex Problems A Perspective on Numerical Modeling Some Sources of Software References
Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer and the role of family history

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease for which only a small number of risk factors have been identified. In addition to older age, male gender, and black race, risk factors include smoking, obesity, long-standing diabetes and pancreatitis, and heavy alcohol use; allergies such as hay fever are related to lowered risk. Several genetic syndromes increase risk of pancreatic cancer. Work on more common genetic variants promises to reveal more potentially important genetic associations.
Pyramidal I slip in c-axis compressed Mg single crystals

Abstract Pyramidal I slip was observed to be the dominant slip mode in magnesium single crystals compressed quasi-statically along c-axis at room temperature. The slip trace angles resulted from pyramidal I and pyramidal II slips projected on (0 − 1 1 0) and (2 − 1 − 1 0) surfaces were initially calculated, and then measured on 3% deformed magnesium single crystals. The measured angles indicate the prevalence of pyramidal I slip ({10–11} with the critical resolve shear stress of 54 MPa). The pyramidal slip traces are dense but very fine, suggesting limited dislocation activities.
Phases of Script N = 1 supersymmetric gauge theories

= 1 supersymmetric U(N) gauge theory with adjoint matter Φ and a polynomial superpotential Tr W(Φ) has been much studied recently. The classical theory has several vacua labeled by integers (N1, N2, ..., Nk), with the classical unbroken gauge group ∏iU(Ni). Quantum mechanically, each classical vacuum leads to ∏iNi different vacua. As the parameters of W(Φ) are varied, these vacua change in a continuous (and holomorphic) fashion. We find that vacua associated with (N1, N2, ..., Nk) can be continuously transformed to vacua with (N1, N2, ..., Nk), thus leading to a new kind of duality. Traditional order parameters, like the Wilson loop and 't Hooft loop, sometimes distinguish different phases. We also find phases that are not distinguished by conventional order parameters. The whole picture of the phase diagram is reminiscent of the phase diagram of M-theory.
Incorporation versus compartmentalization in memory for discourse

Abstract Many experiments have shown that people use their world knowledge to aid in comprehension. The present paper addresses the issue of how this use of world knowledge is related to the equally important question of how and when newly learned information is incorporated into, and thereby alters, a person's world knowledge. The distinction between compartmentalized and incorporated information is characterized in terms of an associative network model, and this characterization is used to develop a measure of the degree of incorporation. This measure involves an examination of the ease with which subjects can recognize a newly learned concept as a function of the test context. Two experiments present evidence that the use of world knowledge in comprehension is correlated with this measure of the degree to which new information is incorporated into world knowledge.
Isoproterenol and G2 Acinar Cells in the Developing Rat Parotid Gland

In the present study, premitotic period (G2)-delayed or blocked acinar cells were identified in the parotid gland of the neonatal rat. The noncycling G2 cells retain the potential to divide and respond to administration of the sympathomimetic amine, isoproterenol (IPR). The effects of IPR on suckling and weaned rats were compared. Both groups showed the presence of G2-acinar cells with a possible age-related change occurring after weaning.
Rapid thermal cycling with low thermal inertia tools

Solid freeform fabrication processes offer the manufacturing flexibility for tools with low thermal inertia and internal conformal channels for rapid thermal cycling in injection molding. This article analyzed each step of a rapid thermal cycling process and provided quantitative guidance for tooling design. The proposed design methodology was tested on a three-dimensional (3D) printed benchmark tool with truss support. Rapid cooling test on the benchmark tool resulted in the mold time constant shorter than 2.3 s and the cavity temperature uniformity better than 3°C. Preliminary tests demonstrated the technical feasibility of using a solid freeform fabrication process to fabricate low thermal inertia tools for improved heat management in injection molding. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
The paleoclimatic interpretation of exotic pollen peaks in holocene records from the eastern Canadian Arctic: A discussion

Abstract Processes involved in the transport of “exotic” tree pollen and its deposition in eastern Arctic Canada are reviewed. Synoptic meteorological situations favoring transport northward from the boreal forest are analyzed via boundary-layer trajectory computations. To account for reported exotic pollen peaks in Holocene peat deposits on Baffin Island, the necessary increase in frequency of southerly wind components may be as much as an order of magnitude, which could not be accomodated in the available time interval of pollen release, if sources from all of the Canadian boreal forest are considered. If only Labrador sources are involved, the absolute increase in southerly airflow may be unexceptional. It is also shown that changing airflow direction cannot be directly linked with longitudinal displacements of the 700 mbar trough at 75°W. Other possible factors that could have produced peaks in exotic pollen include variable sedimentation rates, variable pollen production, or a non-linear relationship between airflow frequency and pollen deposition.
Clinic scheduling models with overbooking for patients with heterogeneous no-show probabilities

Clinical overbooking is intended to reduce the negative impact of patient no-shows on clinic operations and performance. In this paper, we study the clinical scheduling problem with overbooking for heterogeneous patients, i.e. patients who have different no-show probabilities. We consider the objective of maximizing expected profit, which includes revenue from patients and costs associated with patient waiting times and physician overtime. We show that the objective function with homogeneous patients, i.e. patients with the same no-show probability, is multimodular. We also show that this property does not hold when patients are heterogeneous. We identify properties of an optimal schedule with heterogeneous patients and propose a local search algorithm to find local optimal schedules. Then, we extend our results to sequential scheduling and propose two sequential scheduling procedures. Finally, we perform a set of numerical experiments and provide managerial insights for health care practitioners.
Stratified squamous epithelia produce mucin-like glycoproteins

Abstract The stratified squamous epithelia of the ocular surface, larynx, and vagina are mucus-coated epithelia, apices of which are subject to abrasive pressure from epithelia — epithelia interactions from eyelid, vocal cords, or vaginal folds, respectively. Mucus coats on these epithelia have generally been considered to be derived from the specialized mucin-producing cells embedded either in the epithelia or in adjacent tissues. Here we report the isolation, partial characterization, and cellular localization of a mucin-like glycoprotein produced by these stratified epithelia. In all three epithelia, the mucin-like molecule is present on cytoplasmic vesicles in subapical cells. As cells differentiate to their apical-most position adjacent to their mucus coat, the mucin-like molecule moves to the cell membrane where it is particularly prominent on microplicae folds. Lectin affinity chromatography was used to isolate the molecule from rat vaginal and corneal epithelium. Isolated material was approximately 60% carbohydrate and 40% protein. The major monosaccharide was N-acetylgalactosamine with lesser amounts of N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, mannose, xylose and fucose. Amino acid analysis demonstrated the predominant amino acids to be glycine, serine, threonine and proline. These data plus PAS and Alcian blue binding to the isolate indicate a mucin-like glycoprotein.
How Talin Head Domain and Soluble Ligand Contribute to Integrin αIIbβ3 Activation

Integrin αIIbβ3 is widely known to regulate the process of thrombosis via activation at its cytoplasmic side by talin and interacting with soluble fibrinogen. Three groups of interactions regulate integrin activation: a set of salt bridges in the cytoplasmic side of the transmembrane domain of integrin α- and β-subunits named as the inner membrane clasp, a hydrophobic packing of a few transmembrane residues on extracellular side between α- and β-subunits that is termed as the outer membrane clasp, and the key interaction group of βA domain and βTD domain. Molecular details of this key interaction group as well as events that lead to detachment of βTD and βA domains have remained ambiguous.Full-length structure of integrin αIIbβ3 embedded in a patch of lipid bilayer was used to simulate its interactions with three soluble RGD ligands as well as talin, using a molecular dynamics software. We showed that talin's interaction with the membrane-proximal and membrane-distal regions of integrin cytoplasmic-transmembrane domains significantly loosens the inner membrane clasp as well as an additional salt-bridge (R734-E1006), which facilitates integrin activation through the separation of integrin's α- and β-subunits. Also, it is shown that interaction of the Arg of the RGD sequence may activate integrin via disrupting the key interaction group between Lys346 on βA domain and Ser663/Ser664 on the βTD. Interestingly, we observed the full dissociation of βA and βTd domains when this interaction group was disrupted and was eventually dissociated as a result of a competition between the Arg of the RGD peptide with Ser664. Consequently, we proposed a mechanistic scenario as a potential mechanism for outside-in activation of integrin αIIbβ3 by soluble RGD ligand that reconciles the switchblade and dead-bolt models for integrin activation.
Causality, antiparticles, and the spin-statistics connection in higher dimensions

Abstract We show that for any spacetime dimensionality, the requirement that fields of massive particles commute or anticommute with each other outside the light cone inplies that particles that rotate as tensors or spinors are respectively bosons or fermions. We find that such fields must be constructed as linear combinations of annihilation operators for particles and creation operators for antiparticles; the antiparticles have the same rotation properties as the particles, except for some bosons and all fermions in (5 + 4 n ) spacetime dimensions. For fields and particles of given Lorentz and rotation transformation property, the construction of the fields is essentially unique. These results are used to explain why for certain dimensions some kinds of massive bosons or fermions can not be their own antiparticles.
Collective Induction: Twelve Postulates.

Abstract Collective induction is the cooperative search for descriptive, predictive, and explanatory generalizations, rules, and principles. This article presents 12 postulates on collective induction and supportive evidence for the postulates. Postulates 1–6 set collective induction within the general social combination approach to cooperative group decision making. Postulates 7 and 8 formalize the social combination processes of group hypothesis formation in collective induction. Postulates 9–12 summarize research on collective versus individual induction, the relative importance of multiple hypotheses and multiple evidence, influence in simultaneous collective and individual induction, and the relative effectiveness of positive and negative hypothesis tests. We then consider the history and fundamental emphasis of the social combination approach to small group performance.
Fatty acids in honey bees (Apis mellifera) infected with the protozoan Nosema apis

Abstract Lipids extracted from honey bees ( Apis mellifera ) infected with Nosema apis and from uninfected bees were analyzed for total fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography. Qualitative differences were found in the types of fatty acids present. In infected bees the relative percentages of fatty acids with carbon chain lengths of C18:1 and C18:0 decreased and those with chain lengths of C16:0, C18:2 and C18:3 increased.
Microdevice-based system for catalyst development

Catalytic chemical reaction processes have played a major role in the growth of today's international economy. Because of this impact, technologies that reduce the development time of new catalyst materials are highly sought. We describe a new experimental system for the characterization of candidate catalysts that exploits the many advantages of microfabricated chemical devices. The core component of the system is a silicon microreactor in which the reaction of study is executed under highly controlled conditions. The system was used to acquire data on a model hydrocarbon hydrogenation reaction over platinum catalyst. The measured values of turnover frequency and reaction probability compare well with the literature and illustrate the value of the system as a tool for rapid and efficient catalyst development.
Ontogeny of benzomorphan-selective (κ) sites: A computerized analysis

Abstract In an investigation of the postnatal development of κ opiate receptors, the affinity and capacity of 0.5 nM [3H]-ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) binding in crude rat brain homogenates was measured by displacement with unlabeled EKC, morphine, or D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin (DADL). Displacement curves were analyzed using a weighted, non-linear regression, curve fitting computer program. At all stages of development, [3H]-EKC binding fit a two site model significantly better than a one site model. Affinities of EKC, morphine, or DADL for the high affinity [3H]-EKC binding site did not change during the postnatal period. The density of the high affinity [3H]-EKC binding site increased linearly with age, whereas the levels of the low affinity site rose more rapidly during the second week.
Coordinates and covariance: Einstein's view of space-time and the modern view

Where modern formulations of relatively theory use differentiable manifolds to space-time, Einstein simply used open sets of R 4 , following the then current methods of differential geometry. This fact aids resolution of a number of outstanding puzzles concerning Einstein's use of coordinate systems and covariance principles, including the claimed physical significance of covariance principles, their connection to relativity principles, Einstein's apparent confusion of coordinate systems and frames of reference, and his failure to distinguish active and passive transformations, especially in the context of his hole and point-coincidence arguments
Evidence that substance P is utilized in medial amygdaloid facilitation of defensive rage behavior in the cat

Abstract The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a major excitatory mechanism for the expression of feline defensive rage behavior involves the medial nucleus of the amygdala which utilizes substance P as a neurotransmitter in a direct output pathway that supplies the medial hypothalamus. In phase I of the experiment, stimulating electrodes were implanted into the medial amygdala and cannula electrodes were implanted into the medial and lateral hypothalamus from which defensive rage and predatory attack behavior could be elecited by electrical stimulation, respectively. Response latencies for defensive rage were significantly lowered after dual stimulation of the medial amygdala and medial hypothalamus relative to single stimulation of the medial hypothalamus alone. In phase II, dose- and time-dependent decreases in medial amygdaloid-induced facilitation of defensive rage were observed after the i.p. administration of the NK 1 antagonist, CP-96,345 (0.05, 2 and 4 mg/kg). In phase III of the study, the effects of microinjections of CP-96,345 placed directly into defensive rage sites within the medial hypothalamus (0.05, 0.5 and 2.5 nmol) upon medial amygdaloid modulation of this response were assessed. Again, intracerebral administration of this antagonist blocked the facilitatory effects of medial amygdaloid-induced facilitation of defensive rage in a manner parallel to that observed with peripheral administration of the NK 1 antagonist. The results suggest that the medial amygdala facilitates defensive rage by acting through a substance P mechanism at the level of the medial hypothalamus. Other experiments revealed that peripheral administration of the NK 1 antagonist: (1) had little effect upon the latency or threshold for elicitation of defensive rage, suggesting that the medial amygdaloid-substance P facilitatory mechanism acts in a phasic rather than tonic manner; and (2) also blocks the suppressive effects of medial amygdaloid stimulation upon predatory attack behavior elicited from the lateral hypothalamus. The latter finding suggests that similar neurochemical mechanisms regulate medial amygdaloid modulation of both forms of hypothalamically elicited aggression. The final aspect of this study utilized the combination of retrograde-tracing of amygdaloid neurons into the medial hypothalamus after microinjections of Fluoro-Gold into defensive rage sites, and the immunocytochemical analysis of substance P neurons within the amygdala. The data indicated that large numbers of retrogradely and immunocytochemically positive labeled cells were identified in the medial nucleus, including many that were double-labeled. The overall findings of this study support the hypothesis that the medial amygdala provides a powerful excitatory monosynaptic input to the medial hypothalamus for the expression of defensive rage behavior and that this mechanism is mediated, at least in part, via a substance P mechanism.
A reagent to facilitate protein recovery from cells and tissues

Collection of cytosolic proteins from cells and tissues is the first and essential step in many bioanalytical assays that play a key role in medical applications such as diagnostics, theranostics, and regenerative medicine. Dissolution of cell and tissue constituents without deactivation of their constituents, especially proteins, is a challenging task. Here, we report on a recently identified cell and tissue lysis agent in terms of its ability to solubilize cells and tissues as well as preservation of cellular proteins, particularly enzymes. The lysis agent comprises a mixture of a zwitterionic surfactant, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (DPS) and a non-ionic surfactant, Brij 30 (B30). Mixtures of DPS and B30 successfully solubilized keratinocytes and human vascular endothelial cells in vitro while preserving detectable quantities of cellular enzymes including glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase for at least 4 h. Mixtures of DPS and B30 were also effective in solubilizing tissues, especially tough tissues such as skin in vitro. Collectively, the mixture of DPS/B30 was effective in solubilizing cells and tissues while preserving its constituent proteins, which opens up its applications for use in studying the effect of environmental factors on tissue proteomics. As an example, the ability of DPS/B30 to detect alterations in skin proteins in response to UV exposure was assessed. These studies revealed that UV exposure induce upregulation of a number of inflammatory, apoptotic and stress-activated proteins as well as downregulation of cell cycle progression proteins.
Metastability of Amorphous Structures

IN earlier papers1–4 we developed a free-volume model for the amorphous phase according to which the liquid and glassy states of a given substance together comprise a single, thermodynamically well-defined phase. In this model the transition to the glass state results ideally from the freezing out of the free volume, and hence the configurational entropy of the liquid3. This transition should occur in all classical liquids, including monatomic ones, provided crystallization is by-passed2. Implicit in these ideas is the hypothesis that the glassy state is truly metastable and not unstable; consequently, by the Nernst theorem, it would have vanishing entropy at 0° K. For the hypothesis to be true, each microscopic structural unit of the glass must lie at a position of static equilibrium, the totality of which is randomly distributed. If one such structure exists there must be a large number of similar random structures of equal energy. Nevertheless, the entropy of each is zero, because all these structures are mutually inaccessible. One particular structure would be picked out in a given cooling process, and the system would remain in that structure. The increase of entropy on heating back into the liquid state would then occur because the equivalent random structures become mutually accessible5.
Practice-based learning experience to develop residents as clinical faculty members.

Purpose. A practice-based learning experience designed to expose postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and 2 (PGY2) residents to and prepare them for a career as clinical faculty is described. Summary. A practice-based learning experience was designed to give PGY1 and PGY2 residents exposure to the responsibilities of a clinical faculty member, integrating clinical practice, preceptor duties, and other academia-related responsibilities. The learning experience is a four-week, elective rotation for PGY1 and PGY2 residents. The rotation is designed to correspond to a four-week advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) rotation, allowing the resident to work continuously with the same one or two APPE students for the entire rotation. The resident is required to design and implement a rotation for the students and provide clinical services while integrating students into daily tasks, facilitating topic and patient discussions, evaluating assignments, providing constructive feedback, and assigning a final rotation grade. The resident also attends all academic and committee meetings and teaching obligations with his or her residency director, if applicable. The resident is mentored by the residency director throughout all phases of the rotation and is evaluated using goals and objectives tailored to this experience. Conclusion. The development of a formal, structured rotation to give postgraduate residents experience as a preceptor provided an opportunity for residents to further explore their interests in academia and allowed them to serve as a primary preceptor while being guided and evaluated by a mentor.
Child Support in Immigrant Families

In this study, we use nationally representative data from the U.S. Current Population Survey-Child Support Supplement (N = 28,047) to examine differences in nonresident fathers’ material contributions between children of native and foreign-born mothers. We focus on contributions provided through the formal child support system (whether the mother has a child support agreement and the amount received), as well as support provided informally (the amount of informal cash and whether she receives any in-kind support). We control for a variety of individual and household characteristics, including whether the nonresident father lives in a different state or in a different country. We find that foreign-born mothers are much less likely to have a child support agreement than native-born mothers, but have similar amounts of formal support, once an agreement is in place. Compared to native-born mothers, foreign-born mothers are also much less likely to receive in-kind support, but this difference is completely explained by fathers’ distance from the child. Foreign-born mothers do not differ at all on the amount of informal cash support received from fathers. Nonresident fathers’ residence outside the U.S. is an important mechanism through which nativity affects the likelihood of having a child support order and receiving any in-kind support, but not the amount of formal support (given an order) or the amount of informal cash support. Aggregate comparisons mask important differences within the foreign-born group by mothers’ and children’s citizenship status, years in the U.S., and region of origin.
A nonlinear controller with modulation signal for HVDC to improve power system stability

Based on inverse system method, a nonlinear control strategy for HVDC system is presented in this paper, only using local measurable variables as the feedback and complying with the hierarchical structure, to solve the application difficulties. In order to improve the dynamic performance of AC/DC system, the modulation signal is introduced into the nonlinear controller to achieve multi-object control. The simulation results of the simplified Tian-Guang AC/DC parallel system verify that the nonlinear control strategy can effectively improve the stability of the AC/DC system, and can be conveniently applied into the practical HVDC control system.
ASIS in an Age of Complexity

Cet article propose le discours inaugural de la presidente de l'ASIS (American Society for Information Science). L'avenir de la Societe americaine pour les sciences de l'information est evalue selon deux perspectives : l'ASIS est une organisation et les membres de l'ASIS sont des professionnels de l'information