cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the method of accumulation analysis

‘Accumulation analysis’ is a method introduced by Taguchi (1974) for the analysis of ordered categorical data. Using his original data on the efficacy of two rival drugs, we discuss the reasons Taguchi gives for substituting his accumulation statistic for Karl Pearson's χ2statistic. We show that the accumulation statistic gives greater weight to the linear component of χ2. We point out the superiority and greater simplicity of a well-known procedure employing this linear componentto determine the efficacy of a treatment. Finally, using a result due to Yates, we show that the extraction of the linear component of χ2is itself equivalent to simply analysing equally-spaced scores and conducting a standard analysis using the statistic or the analysis of variance. In view of these results and the findings of earlier research by ourselves, Nair (1986), and Hamada & Wu (1986), we conclude that accumulation analysis is inefficient, as well as unnecessarily complicated, and consequently should not be taught or reco...
Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM)attenuates signals mediated by the lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) in human cells stimulated by the shared ligand LIGHT

Signals mediated by members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily modulate a network of diverse processes including initiation of inflammatory responses and altering cell fate between pathways favoring survival and death. Although such pathways have been well-described for the TNF-α receptor, less is known about signaling induced by the TNF superfamily member LIGHT and how it is differentially altered by expression of its two receptors LTβR and HVEM in the same cell. We used cell lines with different relative expression of HVEM and LTβR to show that LIGHT-induced signals mediated by these receptors were associated with altered TRAF2 stability and RelA nuclear translocation. Production of the inflammatory chemokine CXCL10 was primarily mediated by LTβR. Higher expression of HVEM was associated with cell survival, while unopposed LTβR signaling favored pathways leading to apoptosis. Importantly, restoring HVEM expression in cells with low endogenous expression recapitulated the phenotype of cells with higher endogenous expression. Together, our data provide evidence that relative expression of HVEM and LTβR modulates canonical NF-κB and pro-apoptotic signals stimulated by LIGHT.
Workers and Obshchestvennost’: St Petersburg, 1906–14

In the late imperial period, as Russia industrialised, cultural, social and political change facilitated the development of a public consciousness which contemporaries identified as obshchestvennost', or an emerging civil society. The worker question was central to discussions within civil society and is reflected in expanding co‐operation between liberal, socialist, workers and professional groups. Workers’ clubs, educational societies and associations, as well as legal congresses demanded reforms that were adopted in a revised form by the tsarist bureaucracy. As a result, Russia should be viewed not as a backward society but as part of the European family.
Photoelectrochemical Study of Nanostructured ZnO Thin Films for Hydrogen Generation from Water Splitting

Photoelectrochemical cells based on traditional and nanostructured ZnO thin films are investigated for hydrogen generation from water splitting. The ZnO thin films are fabricated using three different deposition geometries: normal pulsed laser deposition, pulsed laser oblique-angle deposition, and electron-beam glancing-angle deposition. The nanostructured films are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical techniques. Normal pulsed laser deposition produces dense thin films with ca. 200 nm grain sizes, while oblique-angle deposition produces nanoplatelets with a fishscale morphology and individual features measuring ca. 900 by 450 nm on average. In contrast, glancing-angle deposition generates a highly porous, interconnected network of spherical nanoparticles of 15–40 nm diameter. Mott-Schottky plots show the flat band potential of pulsed laser deposition, oblique-angle deposition, and glancing-angle deposition samples to be −0.29, −0.28 and +0.20 V, respectively. Generation of photocurrent is observed at anodic potentials and no limiting photocurrents were observed with applied potentials up to 1.3 V for all photoelectrochemical cells. The effective photon-to-hydrogen efficiency is found to be 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.6% for pulsed laser deposition, oblique-angle deposition and glancing-angle deposition samples, respectively. The photoelectrochemical properties of the three types of films are understood to be a function of porosity, crystal defect concentration, charge transport properties and space charge layer characteristics.
A relational database model of program execution and software components

Many software fault tolerance methods are based on hardware methods which replace faulty modules with redundant components. However, the relatively small number of redundant components limits the recovery options of such systems. Previously, we have proposed exploring alternative methods that allow the number of components to vary with the number of variables in the program state. Such systems must allow programmers to specify dynamically-created components, and to identify these components in an arbitrary program state. This paper describes how a relational database can be used to model a program state and its dynamically-created components. We define a relational table for each static code block, a column attribute for each scalar variable, and a tuple for each dynamic block. Changes in program state are modeled by adding and deleting tuples, and components are defined using relational operators. In particular, we discuss how components may be defined using Project and Select, and how dependencies between components can be identified using Intersection and relational constraints.
Control of green and red upconversion in NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles by excitation modulation

Control of the two strongest upconversion emission lines in NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles is demonstrated by varying the excitation repetition rate. This technique may enable new multiplexed sensing modalities based on multicolor luminescent nanoparticles, currently contemplated for biomedical imaging and diagnostics.
An Agenda for Primary Care Psychiatry

With the advent of managed care and the primary care gatekeeper, psychiatry's relationship to primary care is shifting. Four recent surveys suggest that, in general, departments of psychiatry have done little to restructure their relationships with primary care. This article proposes an agenda for developing primary care psychiatry programs in departments of psychiatry. The rationale for shifting resources toward primary care psychiatry is followed by a discussion of the goals of primary care psychiatry programs. The agenda presents specific high-priority projects in the areas of research, education, and clinical care, citing examples of existing initiatives and discussing the resources needed for funding primary care psychiatry programs.
Soft-Landing and Bounce-Back Actuation for Active Stiction Control

An electrostatic actuation scheme for creating a soft contact is described and applied to cantilevers and doubly clamped beams. The actuation voltage form is composed of a high voltage pulse with a low DC voltage. The voltage pulse height and duration is mapped for achieving minimum impact force, and the results are well predicted by the simulation. Furthermore, a new phenomenon is observed for clamped beams that pulse longer than the soft-landing requirement bounces the beam back rather than stick.
Simultaneous Analysis of Capacitive Coupling and Leakage Noise in Nanometer Scale Circuits

Traditional analysis deals with one noise source at a time. However, in nanometer scale circuits the evolving reality of multiple noise sources interacting with each other must be considered, since signal at an evaluation node will reflect the cumulative effect of all the active noise sources. This gives rise to a new approach - compound noise analysis. In this paper, an analysis of the combined effects of coupled and leakage noise is proposed. The proposed technique does not rely on simulation tools, and provides an insight to the behavior of individual noise sources when combined together on an evaluation node. It utilizes the recent BSIM4 models and addresses the issues of nanometer circuits with respect to parasitic capacitance, subthreshold and gate leakage noise in thin gate oxides below 15Aring. The model analyzes the noise effects dynamically with time, thus providing effective evaluation of signal integrity in high speed switching circuitry. Here coupling from multiple simultaneously switching aggressors, and leakage from more than one sources are modeled
Toward interactive social stories for children with autism

This paper proposes Interactive Social Stories (ISS), a new approach for enhancing traditional autism interventions to promote stimulus { em generalization}. Using interactive narrative techniques of variability and branching structures, we designed a tablet-based ISS app called FriendStar to teach 9-13 year old children on the autism spectrum the social skills of greeting in the school context.
On interdisciplinary student background: A successful course integrating teaching and research

Computer Science (CS) has grown into a discipline that has numerous applications in many different fields. As a result, CS graduate students come from a variety of academic backgrounds, including different science and engineering disciplines. In addition, some CS graduate courses attract students from other departments. To successfully deliver a graduate- level CS course, it needs to be designed and taught for interdisciplinary backgrounds to address the wide range of students, while still including advanced topics that are of timely importance to industry. This paper presents one such course, Mobile Networking. First, the educational and professional makeup of the student body is described. Next, the course content is presented, including the lectures, team projects, and mentoring efforts put forth to address the variety of student backgrounds and project interests. Two student projects, TCP performance over LTE networks and TCP supporting Video Streaming from the Cloud, are illustrated in detail. Since it was first taught in 2009, the Mobile Networking class has successfully produced several student-authored, refereed conference and journal publications and has helped students obtain employment in both networking and software engineering fields as well as prepared them for further Ph. D. studies.
Arthroscopic tennis elbow release

Lateral epicondylitis, originally referred to as "tennis elbow," affects between 1% and 3% of the population and is usually noted in patients aged between 35 and 50 years old. Although it was first thought lateral epicondylitis was caused by an inflammatory process, most microscopic studies of excised tissue demonstrate a failure of reparative response in the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon in any of these associated structures. Most cases of lateral epicondylitis respond to appropriate nonoperative treatment protocols. Nonoperative management includes medication, bracing, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, shock wave therapy, platelet-rich plasma, and low-dose thermal ablation devices. When these are unsuccessful, however, surgical measures may be performed with a high rate of success. Satisfactory results of the arthroscopic surgical procedures have been documented, with reported improvement rates of 91% to 97.7%. The recent advances in arthroscopic repair and plication of these lesions, along with the recognition of the presence and repair of coexisting lesions, have allowed arthroscopic techniques to provide results superior to other measures.
Temporal signal stability of KCl:Eu2+ storage phosphor dosimeters

Purpose: Current KCl:Eu2+ prototype dosimeters require a wait time of 12 h between irradiation and dosimetric readout. Although irradiating the dosimeters in the evening and reading on the following day works well in the clinical schedule, reducing the wait time to few hours is desirable. The purposes of this work are to determine the origin of the unstable charge-storage centers and to determine if these centers respond to optical or thermal excitation prior to dosimetric readout. Methods: Pellet-style KCl:Eu2+ dosimeters were fabricated in-house for this study. A 6 MV photon beam was used to irradiate the dosimeters. After x ray irradiation, dosimeters were subjected to external excitation with near-infrared (NIR) light, ultraviolet (UV) light, or thermal treatment. Photostimulated luminescence (PSL) signal's temporal stability was subsequently measured at room temperature over a few hours using a laboratory PSL readout system. The dosimeters were also placed in a cryostat to measure the temperature dependence of the temporal stability down to 10 K. Results: Strong F-band was present in the PSL stimulation spectrum, indicating that F-centers were the electron-storage centers in KCl:Eu2+ where an electron was stored at a chlorine anion vacancy. Due to deep energy-depth (2.2 eV), F-centers were probably not responsible for the fast fading in the first a few hours post x ray irradiation. In addition, weak NIR bands were present. However, there was no change in PSL stabilization rate with intense NIR excitation, suggesting that the NIR bands played no role in the PSL fading. At temperatures lower than 77 K there was almost no signal fading with time. Noticeable PSL was observed for undoped KCl samples at room temperature, suggesting that Cl2 − Vk centers served as hole-storage centers for both undoped and doped KCl where a hole was trapped by a chlorine molecular ion. Vk centers were stable at low temperature and became mobile at room temperature, probably causing the observed PSL fading with time. On the other hand, Vk center could be stabilized by Eu2+ activator or oxygen in the lattice, leading to the stable component in the PSL. A thermal process at elevated temperatures (60 °C or higher) was able to significantly accelerate the migration process resulting in a fast stabilization of PSL. However, this could not be accomplished using intense UV excitation. Conclusions: Thermal treatment enables KCl:Eu2+ prototypes to be ready for readout in 1 h without the need of applying a large time-dependent correction factor. However, this cannot be achieved using optical preexcitation.
Alpha-gamma angular correlation studies of the reactions Si28(α, α′γ1.77) and O16(α, α′γ6.13)

Abstract Alpha-gamma angular correlations have been measured between inelastically-scattered alpha particles and de-excitation gamma rays from the reactions Si 28 (α, α′γ 1.777 ) and O 16 (α, α′γ 6.13 ). All measurements were made in the reaction plane. The Si 28 reaction involves the excitation of a 2 + level; angular correlations were measured at 41 scattering angles for this case. A 3 − excitation is involved in the O 16 reaction; angular correlations were measured at 24 scattering angles for this case. In both cases the data are found to disagree with the predictions of the plane-wave Born approximation (PWBA) and the adiabatic approximation. The results of three distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculations for the Si 28 reaction are presented. One of these calculations is shown to provide a reasonably good explanation of the experimental data at forward scattering angles.
Influence of prostigmine and acetylcholine on ventricular fibrillation elicited by focal cooling.

Focal cooling of the exposed ventricle of the dog, beating at high rates, elicits ventricular fibrillation within a few seconds. The effect of this mode of cooling on hearts pre-treated with prostigmine or acetylcholine is studied. These compounds do not prevent ventricular fibrillation, but on the contrary some observations show that they enhance its appearance.
POTENTIAL OUTPUT AND THE CAPITAL‐OUTPUT RATIO IN THE UNITED STATES PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR, 1909‐1959*

SUMMARY This paper suggests a simple way of developing a continuous capital coefficient series based on potential output estimates. The use of the potential output estimates in the denominator of the coefficient eliminates, the distortions to the relationship between capital and output caused by cyclical fluctuations. With the influence of cyclical fluctuations eliminated, the secular trends of the coefficient are revealed for analysis. The series developed in this study is for the private business sector of the United States Economy in the period 1909-1959. Terborgh's study of gross capital in the private business sector serves as the basis of the capital side of the coefficient, while in the denominator, the potential gross private domestic business product is derived from Knowles’ potential GNP estimates. However, it is emphasized that other studies of gross capital and potential output could be substituted for the ones used in this paper. Some alternative series of the capital coefficient, based on several methods of estimating potential gross product in the business sector, are given for the postwar period. The resulting series shows a significant decrease in the capital coefficient from 2.203 in 1909 to 1.944 in 1941 with a distinct secular decline since 1922. There is a sharp once-over decrease in the coefficient during World War II. Although there is an interruption in the secular trend in the early postwar period, with a peak of 1.799 in 1951, the overall trend of the coefficient for the 1946-1959 period is downward. The change in the coefficient is from 1.719 in 1946 to 1.620 in 1959. The rates of decrease, in compound interest terms, for the two periods, 1909-1941 and 1946-1959, are approximately the same. The rates are just short of one-half and one per cent per annum.
A mathematical analysis using fractals for binding interactions of nuclear estrogen receptors occurring on biosensor surfaces.

A mathematical approach using fractal concepts is presented for modeling the binding and dissociation interactions between analytes and nuclear estrogen receptors (ER) occurring on surface plasmon resonance biosensor chip surfaces. A kinetic knowledge of the binding interactions mediated by ER would help in better understanding the carcinogenicity of these steroidogenic compounds and assist in modulating these reactions. The fractal approach is applied to analyte-ER interaction data obtained from literature. Numerical values obtained for the binding and dissociation rate coefficients are linked to the degree of roughness or heterogeneity (fractal dimension, D(f)) present on the biosensor surface. For example, a single-fractal analysis is used to describe the binding and dissociation phases for the binding of estradiol and ERalpha in solution to clone 31 protein immobilized on a biosensor chip (C-S. Suen et al., 1998, J. Biol. Chem. 273(42), 27645-27653). The binding and the dissociation rate coefficients are 27.57 and 8.813, respectively, and the corresponding fractal dimensions are 1.986 and 2.268, respectively. In some examples dual-fractal models were employed to obtain a better fit of either the association or the dissociation phases or for both. Predictive relationships are developed for (a) the binding and the dissociation rate coefficients as a function of their respective fractal dimensions and (b) the ratio K(A) (= k/k(d)) as a function of the ratio of the fractal dimensions (D(f)/D(fd)). The analysis should provide further physical insights into the ER-mediated interactions occurring on biosensor and other surfaces.
DEIDtect: towards distributed elastic intrusion detection

We present a distributed elastic intrusion detection architecture called DEIDtect. DEIDtect exploits the increasing deployment of cloud computing and software defined networking technology in enterprise and campus environments to deal with current inflexibilities associated with compute and network resources required by security tools. We present the detailed design and implementation of DEIDtect's networking functionality and illustrate its functionality in an emulated environment.
Fluoxetine potentiation of methylphenidate-induced gene regulation in striatal output pathways: Potential role for 5-HT1B receptor

Drug combinations that include the psychostimulant methylphenidate plus a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine are increasingly used in children and adolescents. For example, this combination is indicated in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression comorbidity and other mental disorders. Such co-exposure also occurs in patients on SSRIs who use methylphenidate as a cognitive enhancer. The neurobiological consequences of these drug combinations are poorly understood. Methylphenidate alone can produce gene regulation effects that mimic addiction-related gene regulation by cocaine, consistent with its moderate addiction liability. We have previously shown that combining SSRIs with methylphenidate potentiates methylphenidate-induced gene regulation in the striatum. The present study investigated which striatal output pathways are affected by the methylphenidate + fluoxetine combination, by assessing effects on pathway-specific neuropeptide markers, and which serotonin receptor subtypes may mediate these effects. Our results demonstrate that a 5-day repeated treatment with fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) potentiates methylphenidate (5 mg/kg)-induced expression of both dynorphin (direct pathway marker) and enkephalin (indirect pathway). These changes were accompanied by correlated increases in the expression of the 5-HT1B, but not 5-HT2C, serotonin receptor in the same striatal regions. A further study showed that the 5-HT1B receptor agonist CP94253 (3-10 mg/kg) mimics the fluoxetine potentiation of methylphenidate-induced gene regulation. These findings suggest a role for the 5-HT1B receptor in the fluoxetine effects on striatal gene regulation. Given that 5-HT1B receptors are known to facilitate addiction-related gene regulation and behavior, our results suggest that SSRIs may enhance the addiction liability of methylphenidate by increasing 5-HT1B receptor signaling.
Informed Consent as Process: Problematizing Informed Consent in Organizational Ethnographies

This article examines the implications of informed consent in organizational ethnographies, where the research site is a bounded and formal institution that has its own sets of rules which govern action and membership. While there is considerable scholarship on the issue of ethics in ethnography in general, very little has been written about informed consent in organizational ethnographies where researchers often simultaneously observe managers, “studying” up according to Nadar, and employees referred to as “studying down”. Organizational researchers tend to discuss ethics in terms of obtaining informed consent for individual interviews or in terms of access to an organization as a research site. This essay examines ethical dilemmas experienced in fieldwork studying participatory work arrangements in a Mexican garment firm. By discussing practical issues of gaining access, problems of maintaining access and consent, and concerns of how gatekeeper consent affects subordinates, I problematize the practice of obtaining informed consent in organizations. I argue that thinking of informed consent as an on-going process that requires an active reflexivity on the part of the ethnographer will help researchers to navigate the ever-shifting web of power dynamics present in organizations.
Activation Energies and Populations of Hydrogen Traps in TiB2

We have examined the characteristics of H traps in 60 keV H implanted TiB2 coatings, a candidate first-wall material for Tokamak fusion reactors, by means of nuclear reaction H depth profiling. Trap energies, populations and saturation levels were measured. The results indicate that TiB2 has greater H retention than do certain metals.
Bonding of nitrogen atoms on Cu(001) surfaces: A cluster approach

A study of the chemisorption of nitrogen atoms on a copper surface has been performed, based on an analysis of the electronic structure of the Cu5N cluster obtained from self-consistent-field X-alpha scattered-wave calculations. Calculations show that the chemisorption of nitrogen on Cu(001) surfaces induces peaks below and above the Cu d-band region in the total density of states curve. The bonding orbitals formed between the N 2p and the Cu valence orbitals are generally found near the bottom of the Cu d-band region, while the antibonding orbitals formed between the N 2p and Cu orbitals are found to lie above the Cu d-band region. These hybridized orbitals involving the N 2p orbital gave a satisfactory interpretation of the adsorbate-induced structure reported in N/Cu(001) ultraviolet photoemission studies.
The Unbearable Heaviness of Being: The Suicide of the Intellectual in Rabīʿ Jābir’s Rālf Rizqallāh through the Looking Glass

Abstract In the wake of the civil war (1975-1990), Lebanese novelists conceived of the literary text as a means to salvage Lebanese collective memory from the systematic process of erasure that the postwar state began practicing. Writers who voiced their anxieties about erasure and the interrupted work of national mourning celebrated the role of the intellectual as a guardian of collective memory and attributed to the written word the power of rescuing the wounded national community from the perils of oblivion. How was the intellectual’s tragic death commemorated and portrayed in a postwar cultural scene concerned about the erasure of collective memory? What forms of dissent from that dominant literary discourse do we identify in Rabīʿ Jābir’s Rālf Rizqallāh fī al-mirʾāt (Rālf Rizqallāh through the Looking Glass)? This article explores the ways in which Rabīʿ Jābir fictionalizes the suicide of the Lebanese scholar Rālf Rizqallāh and thereby departs from the objectification of the intellectual as the guardian of the nation’s collective memory. Jābir understands Rālf Rizqallāh’s suicide not as an altruistic act of protest against the erasure of collective memory, but as a narcissistic impulse prompted by a severe sense of personal and existential angst. The novel’s depiction of Rālf Rizqallāh, I argue, articulates Jābir’s detachment from the postwar discourse about amnesia and collective memory and ushers us towards an alternative representation of the Lebanese intellectual.
Case---Take Me Out Of The Ball Game

When the Chicago Cubs™ finish playing an afternoon baseball game at Wrigley Field, their home stadium, tens of thousands of fans start heading for the neighboring train station, the “Addison Red Line el stop,” and often experience very long delays before boarding their train home.
Fatal cardiac perforation caused by the dilator of a central venous catheterization kit

We report a case of cardiac perforation and tamponade caused by the dilator of a central venous catheterization kit. Standards for dilator manufacture and guidelines for safe use of these instruments are suggested.
Amorphous terbium-iron based alloys

Abstract The magneto-optical properties of amorphous Tb 0.23 (Fe 1− y M y ) 0.77 alloys with M ≡ V, Mn, Co or Cu were measured, and the compositional dependence of the Curie temperature, compensation temperature and magnetization of the transition metal subnetwork inferred. The results suggest the location of the Fermi energy relative to the majority and minority spin bands.
Composite structure of electrons and a proposed static potential for quark-antiquark interactions

A Yukawa-like model of an electron consisting of a source and a field quantum leads to a 70.028 MeV/c2 particle identified as a light quark. A generalization of the static potential energy V(r) = −(αℏcr)[1 −exp(−2μr)], obtained with this model is suggested as an appropriate quark-antiquark potential energy and is applied to a structure calculation for the π0, yielding a predicted mass of 134.90 MeV/c2.
ON THE PROBLEM OF A SHOCK WAVE ARRIVING AT THE EDGE OF A GAS

An investigation was made as to what kind of phenomena may be expected when a shock wave propagates through a nonuniform medium of decreasing density and reaches the boundary where the density vanishes. This situation may arise for shock waves moving in plasmas sustained by magnetic pressure. (T.R.H.)
Variation in Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment Units with High Concentrations of Latino Versus White Clients: Client Factors, Treatment Experiences, and Treatment Outcomes

Research on Latinos receiving substance abuse care lacks detail in terms of client characteristics, treatment services, and the effectiveness of treatment. This study uses data from a large, recent, nationally representative sample of outpatient substance abuse treatment units to examine differences in client characteristics, treatment services, and outcomes. The study examines differences between units with 20% or more Latino clients and treatment units with 90% or more White clients. Results show that units with high concentrations of Latinos treat clients who are significantly poorer, more prone to abuse drugs than alcohol, more prone to turn to crime to support their habit, more likely to be ordered to treatment by the courts, and at a higher risk for HIV/AIDS; these clients have poorer treatment outcomes. Treatment and policy implications for units treating high concentrations of Latino clients and culturally sensitive substance abuse treatment are discussed.
Functional expression of the olfactory signaling system in the kidney

Olfactory-like chemosensory signaling occurs outside of the olfactory epithelium. We find that major components of olfaction, including olfactory receptors (ORs), olfactory-related adenylate cyclase (AC3) and the olfactory G protein (Golf), are expressed in the kidney. AC3 and Golf colocalize in renal tubules and in macula densa (MD) cells which modulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR is significantly reduced in AC3−/− mice, suggesting that AC3 participates in GFR regulation. Although tubuloglomerular feedback is normal in these animals, they exhibit significantly reduced plasma renin levels despite up-regulation of COX-2 expression and nNOS activity in the MD. Furthermore, at least one member of the renal repertoire of ORs is expressed in a MD cell line. Thus, key components of olfaction are expressed in the renal distal nephron and may play a sensory role in the MD to modulate both renin secretion and GFR.
Related Strains of Mycobacterium avium Cause Disease in Children with AIDS and in Children with Lymphadenitis

Sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer of 56 Mycobacterium avium complex isolates from pediatric patients with AIDS or lymphadenitis revealed (similar to the situation in adults) that the closely related Mav-B and Mav-A sequevars caused the vast majority of disease. IS1245 restriction fragment-polymorphism analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed sets of isolates with closely related patterns among strains from patients in the Boston area and among isolates from Los Angeles and Miami patients. The finding of related strains that cause disease in epidemiologically unrelated patients is most consistent with one of two hypotheses: (1) a limited subset of M. avium strains is more virulent and therefore more likely to cause disease in humans, or (2) pathogenic strains are more prevalent in the environment.
Portal glucose infusion increases hepatic glycogen deposition in conscious unrestrained rats.

It has been demonstrated in the conscious dog that portal glucose infusion creates a signal that increases net hepatic glucose uptake and hepatic glycogen deposition. Experiments leading to an unde...
Climate change and wildfire in California

Wildfire risks for California under four climatic change scenarios were statis- tically modeled as functions of climate, hydrology, and topography. Wildfire risks for the GFDL and PCM global climate models and the A2 and B1 emissions scenarios were compared for 2005-2034, 2035-2064, and 2070-2099 against a modeled 1961-1990 reference period in California and neighboring states. Outcomes for the GFDL model runs, which exhibit higher temperatures than the PCM model runs, diverged sharply for different kinds of fire regimes, with increased temperatures promoting greater large fire frequency in wetter, forested areas, via the effects of warmer temperatures on fuel flammability. At the same time, reduced moisture availability due to lower precipitation and higher temperatures led to reduced fire risks in some locations where fuel flammability may be less important than the availability of fine fuels. Property damages due to wildfires were also modeled using the 2000 U.S. Census to describe the location and density of residential structures. In this analysis the largest changes in property damages under the climate change scenarios occurred in wildland/urban interfaces proximate to major metropolitan areas in coastal southern California, the Bay Area, and in the Sierra foothills northeast of Sacramento.
Widespread Regulation of Translation by Elongation Pausing in Heat Shock

SUMMARY Global repression of protein synthesis is a hallmark of the cellular stress response and has been attributed primarily to inhibition of translation initiation, although this mechanism may not always explain the full extent of repression. Here, using ribosome footprinting, we show that 2 hr of severe heat stress triggers global pausing of translation elongation at around codon 65 on most mRNAs in both mouse and human cells. The genome-wide nature of the phenomenon, its location, and features of protein N termini suggested the involvement of ribosomeassociated chaperones. After severe heat shock, Hsp70’sinteractions with the translational machinery were markedly altered and its association with ribosomes was reduced. Pretreatment with mild heat stress or overexpression of Hsp70 protected cells from heat shock-induced elongation pausing, while inhibition of Hsp70 activity triggered elongation pausing without heat stress. Our findings suggest that regulation of translation elongation in general, and by chaperones in particular, represents a major component of cellular stress responses.
Domains and Directionality in the Evolution of German Final Fortition

Laryngeal realism (Honeybone 2005) holds that thoroughly voiced stops in a language like Dutch will be represented phonologically with the feature [voice], leaving the voiceless unaspirated stops laryngeally neutral, whereas the typically aspirated stops of a language like German are marked with the feature [spread glottis], rendering the passively voiced stops in this language neutral. These two languages also merge laryngeal oppositions in final environments, Dutch undergoing final devoicing but German final fortition. We apply the findings of Evolutionary Phonology (Blevins 2004, 2006b) to these distinctions in final laryngeal neutralisation, underscoring that the evolutionary approach to phonological alternation allows for non-assimilatory feature addition as well as loss. We examine in particular the known history of final fortition in German and find that the reference standard form of the language has evolved an alignment condition to the effect that a fortified syllable edge must match up with the morpheme edge.
Measuring consumer response to 'Gala' apples treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)

Abstract Post-harvest apple treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was previously found to inhibit fruit ripening but also to inhibit the production of volatile compounds that contribute to apple flavor. The first objective of this study was to determine if consumers could distinguish 1-MCP treated and untreated Gala apples [ Malus sylvestris L. (Mill.) var. domestica Borkh. Mansf.] following long-term storage. Chemical analysis showed 1-MCP treated fruit had reduced flavor volatiles compared to untreated fruit. Consumer difference tests showed they could distinguish between 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit. A second objective was to compare consumers’ acceptance for 1-MCP treated to untreated apples. Both 1-MCP treated and untreated apples received high overall liking scores that were not significantly different. Equal numbers of consumers indicated preference for 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit and there was no difference in purchase intent. However, subsets of consumers who eat Gala, Fuji or Red Delicious apples showed preference for untreated over 1-MCP treated fruit compared to consumers who do not eat these varieties.
Accuracy of digital and analogue cephalometric measurements assessed with the sandwich technique.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of cephalometric measurements obtained with digital tracing software compared with equivalent hand-traced measurements. In the sandwich technique, a storage phosphor plate and a conventional radiographic film are placed in the same cassette and exposed simultaneously. The method eliminates positioning errors and potential differences associated with multiple radiographic exposures that affected previous studies. It was used to ensure the equivalence of the digital images to the hard copy radiographs. Cephalometric measurements instead of landmarks were the focus of this investigation in order to acquire data with direct clinical applications. Methods: The sample consisted of digital and analog radiographic images from 47 patients after orthodontic treatment. Nine cephalometric landmarks were identified and 13 measurements calculated by 1 operator, both manually and with digital tracing software. Measurement error was assessed for each method by duplicating measurements of 25 randomly selected radiographs and by using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A paired t test was used to detect differences between the manual and digital methods. Results: An overall greater variability in the digital cephalometric measurements was found. Differences between the 2 methods for SNA, ANB, S-Go:N-Me, U1/L1, L1-GoGn, and N-ANS:ANS-Me were statistically significant ( P P Conclusions: The 2 tracing methods provide similar clinical results; therefore, efficient digital cephalometric software can be reliably chosen as a routine diagnostic tool. The user-friendly sandwich technique was effective as an option for interoffice communications.
Transient Capacitance Studies of a Low-Lying Electron Trap in n-type Silicon

A new electron trap has been observed in electronirradiated n-type silicon at E c − E T = 0.105 eV using transient capacitance techniques. It is found that the maximum transient capacitance response is observed only when the majority carrier pulse width is much smaller than some characteristic time constant, and when the time between pulses is much larger than another characteristic time constant. It is shown that this defect is related to an electron trap at E c −ET = 0.172 eV (probably the oxygenvacancy or A-center); it is believed that this trap is induced by the electric field found in the depletion region of a p-n junction.
Isolation and sequence analysis of cDNAs for the major potato tuber protein, patatin

A cDNA library from membrane-bound poly(A)+ mRNA of developing potato tubers was constructed and two classes of essentially full-length cDNA clones for a precursor to the major tuber glycoprotein, patatin were Isolated. Sequence analysis shows that the two classes are approximately 98% homologous and correspond to the two major species of patatin identified previously by NH2-term1nal amino acid sequence analysis. Sequence analysis also predicts that patatin 1s synthesized with a 23 amino acid signal sequence. Northern blot analysis shows that patatin mRNAs are 155O±5O nucleotides 1n length and are normally not present 1n polyribosomal or total RNA from stems or leaves.
Race Differences in the Mental Health Effects of Divorce A Reexamination Incorporating Temporal Dimensions of the Dissolution Process

Some research reports that divorce exerts greater negative effects on the mental health of Whites compared with African Americans. However, this literature is limited by inadequate attention to temporal dimensions of marital dissolution, in particular stages of the process and duration in each stage. This study incorporates stage and duration into an examination of race differences in the effects of marital dissolution on symptoms of depression and substance abuse or dependence. Data are drawn from the 1983 Piedmont Health Survey (PHS) of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program (N = 1,941). Results suggest that the mental health effects of marital dissolution are not weaker for African Americans; rather, the nature and timing of the effects vary by race. Furthermore, gender interacts with race to influence the impact of separation and divorce on mental health.
Domestic Violence: What Do Nurse Practitioners Think?

PURPOSE: To examine factors that influence nurse practitioners' (NPs) ability to incorporate universal domestic violence screening practices (e.g., asking, identifying, referring and reporting) into their practices. DATA SOURCES: A stratified random survey of certified NPs in New York state was conducted in 1999. There were 118 family, women's health, OB/GYN, and adult NPs in the survey. Chi-square and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in the domestic violence screening practices among women's health, OB/GYN, adult, and family NPs. Women's health and OB/GYN NPs were more likely to ask screening questions and identify victims of domestic violence than their other NP counterparts. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: There is a need to identify strategies that encourage all NPs to incorporate universal domestic violence screening behaviors into their practices. Language: en
BIOASSAY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THIAMINE IN THE SEA1

A marine yeast, Cryptococcus albidus (Saito) Skinner, has been used for the bioassay of thiamine in seawater and is sensitive in the range of 10 to 300 pg/ml thiamine. The distribution of thiamine has been determined in the North Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Alaska. Thiamine concentrations in surface waters were found to range from undetectable levels up to 490 ng/liter and were generally high in coastal regions and low in open waters. The concentrations generally decreased with depth down to 50 to 75 m, below which the values were generally low or undetectable. Thiamine followed the temperature distribution, with high concentrations in the thermally stratified layer above the thermocline. In one area, there were high concentrations during April and September, but in November the concentrations decreased markedly.
A Link Between Generations Intergenerational Relations and Depression in Aging Parents

This research examined the relationship between three aspects of intergenerational relations—a problem in the life of an adult child, conflict with an adult child, and social support from an adult child—and depression in aging parents in a sample of three-generation California families. Of the three issues, only support from an adult child was consistently related to depression in parents. Using a nonevaluative measure of support, it was found that those parents who receive support from a child are more depressed than those who do not, and those who have less conflict between the generations are more depressed when they receive support from an adult child.
Specification and analysis of parallel/distributed software and systems by Petri nets with transition enabling functions

An approach for visually specifying parallel/distributed software using Petri nets (PNs) extend with transition enabling functions (TEFs) is investigated. The approach is demonstrated to be useful in the specification of decision-making activities that control distributed computing systems. PNs are employed because of their highly visual nature that can give insight into the nature of the controller of such a system and because of their analytical properties. In order to increase the expressive power of PNs, the extension of TEFs is used. The main focus is the specification and analysis of parallel/distributed software and systems. A key element of this approach is a set of rules derived to automatically transform such an extended net into a basic PN. Once the rules have been applied to transform the specification, analytical methods can be used to investigate characteristic properties of the system and validate correct operation. >
Design and Development of High Performance Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP) with Kevlar Thread Support

Vacuum insulation is an advanced thermal insulation technology that significantly outperforms conventional materials, such as foam or fiber. The study of this new technology is the first step towards making improvements in the applications of insulation panels to provide energy-efficient and cost saving solutions. The focus this summer has been on creating prototypes using acrylic and Kevlar thread to further improve the quality of insulation panels and make them more efficient. Using a carbon dioxide laser system, acrylic was cut and small prototypes were produced. The insulation panel was sealed in a plastic bag and a small vacuum pump was used to evacuate the air. The results gathered during the research program indicate that Kevlar thread is strong and can provide support without breaking, making the insulation panel effective. Stronger conclusions will arise after further testing and research in this area.
Role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the renal hemodynamic response to amino acid infusion.

The present study was performed in anesthetized rats to compare the renal hemodynamic responses to mixed amino acids (M-AA) with those to L-arginine (L-Arg) and to examine the effect of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) synthesis blockade on the M-AA-induced rise in renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Intravenous infusion of both M-AA (Ser, Gly, Ala, and Pro, 0.71 mmol.100 g-1.min-1) and L-Arg (0.71 mmol.100 g-1.min-1) increased RPF and GFR. Peak increases in RPF for M-AA and L-Arg were 39.7% (P less than 0.05) and 63.4% (P less than 0.01), whereas GFR increases were 33.6% (P less than 0.05) and 46.7% (P less than 0.01, respectively). Outer cortical blood flow (OCBF) was increased with both treatments. Sodium excretion and urine flow were increased more with L-Arg than M-AA (both P less than 0.01). Infusion of the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, nitro-L-arginine (N-L-Arg, 20 micrograms.100 g-1.min-1) increased mean arterial pressure but decreased RPF 48.4% (P less than 0.001), OCBF 39.5% (P less than 0.001), GFR 37.8% (P less than 0.01), urine flow 29.8% (P less than 0.01), and sodium excretion 40.9% (P less than 0.01). When M-AA was administered after N-L-Arg, significant increases in OCBF, RPF, and GFR were observed (P less than 0.01); there was also an enhancement of sodium excretion and urine flow (both P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)