cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Retrofit Upgrade of Stormwater Controls with Real-Time Mechanism for Smart and Sustainable Urban Water Resources Management

Urbanization and increased precipitation due to climate change have exacerbated stormwater management problems. Such changes are resulting in an increased strain on infrastructure, public health, and property. Urban development alters natural hydrology and hydraulics, resulting in habitat modification, increased inundation, decreased biodiversity, loss of groundwater recharge, and deteriorating water quality. Such problems are magnified in older urban areas with combined sewer systems. Traditional approaches for managing urban stormwater are faltering and falling short of managing stormwater in terms of quantity and quality as the volume, intensity, and frequency of urban floods increase. Common abatements have been to enlarge outlets, increase storage capacity, and add green infrastructure (GI); however, such improvements are static and incapable of modifying inherently variable flows or adapting to growing and changing urban landscapes. Modern GI combined with upgrades to existing stormwater controls such as dry detention ponds can provide better mitigation opportunities for effective urban stormwater management and, hence, combined sewer overflow (CSO) controls. As part of the current phase of this project, a scenario-based Smart Real-Time Control (SmaRT Control) system for urban runoff management is demonstrated using a combination of Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and PySWMM programs. Using the City of Chattanooga Zoo site as a case study, this work has showcased potential peak flow reduction, which is expected to minimize CSOs and downstream flooding. In addition, the proposed project provides an opportunity for the stored stormwater use at the site.
Why Should Indians Learn English? A DNA Analysis of Objectives

Much water has passed under the bridge since English was imported to and/or imposed on India(ns) with different sets of objects as an academic and career language from the colonial point of view. History can not be reversed, but postcolonial modern Indians ought to revisit those objectives so that corrective measures can be thought of in terms of men, materials, and methods of teaching/learning English now. Interestingly, the status of English has also dramatically and unimaginably changed from an island language to a global language with the covetous tag attached to it as the only de-nationalized language (the world language) in the human history. This paper revisits the objectives of learning/teaching English introduced in Colonial India and undertakes a reappraisal of the state of ELLT now. It also discusses how English has changed its status internationally and why modern Indians (should) learn it.
Role of catalytic nitrile decomposition in tricopper complex mediated direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol

Synthetic homogeneous system known to date performing methane to methanol conversion using O2 as terminal oxidant is unique and based on copper complex with piperazine-based ligand (Cu3L in Fig. 1) in a medium of acetonitrile. Prior work have shown that in order to achieve catalytic turnover, hydrogen peroxide is needed to regenerate the active site. We show in this paper that reaction solvent based on organic nitrile decompose concurrently with methane activation and that in the absence of either acetonitrile, Cu complex or hydrogen peroxide, the catalytic turnover does not happen. We show in this manuscript that the direct methane oxidation to methanol might have been mediated by catalytic Radziszewski oxidation between acetonitrile and H2O2. Additionally we have discovered that in the absence of methane, peroxide mediated acetonitrile decomposition also makes methanol via a background reaction which was hitherto unknown.
Computational studies of silanediimine rings

Abstract Computational studies of alicyclic silanediimines (RN Si NR) (rings five through twelve), mainly at the MP2/6-31G(d,p)//MP2/6-31G(d,p) level of theory, were conducted to (1) attempt to locate the transition states between silanediimines isomers, (2) follow their torsional IRC paths to either enantiomeric or diastereomeric pairs, and (3) compare silanediimine results with recently published, related studies of alicyclic carbodiimides (RN C NR). Transition states for rings six, seven, eight, nine, eleven, and twelve have been found. The RN Si NR dihedral angle is ∼0° for the even-numbered ring transition states, but deviates from 0° for rings seven and nine. The eleven-ring transition state that has been located is quite different from its carbodiimide analog. The even- and odd-numbered ring transition states have different symmetry point groups with the Cs transition states (even rings) having an imaginary frequency mode that transforms as the asymmetric irreducible representation of the group and the C2 transition state (odd ring) having a mode transforming as the totally symmetric representation. Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) analyses followed by energy minimization along the antisymmetric pathways lead to enantiomeric pairs. The symmetric pathways give diastereomers. No five-membered ring silanediimine was obtained; instead ring opening to a silylene species occurred. A twelve-membered ring transition state (Cs) that was located could be found only by applying a different computational approach. Molecular mechanics were used to obtain structures to search for a ten-membered transition state without success. Barriers to the transition states are too low to expect the silanediimine species studied to be optically resolvable.
Effects of Experimenter Contact, Setting, Inquiry Mode, and Race on Women's Self-Report of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors: An Experimental Study.

Factors related to the research context, such as inquiry mode, setting, and experimenter contact, may affect participants’ comfort with and willingness to disclose certain sexual attitudes or admit to engaging in sensitive sexual behaviors. In this study, 255 female undergraduates (42.7 % non-White) completed a survey containing measures of sexual behavior and attitudes. The level of experimenter contact (high vs. low contact), setting (in lab vs. out of lab), and inquiry mode (pencil-and-paper vs. computer) were manipulated and participants were randomly assigned to conditions. We hypothesized that low-contact, out-of-lab, computer conditions would be associated with more liberal sexual attitudes and higher rates of reported sexual behaviors than high-contact, in-lab, and paper-and-pencil conditions, respectively. Further, we hypothesized that effects would be moderated by race, such that differences would be greater for non-White participants because of concerns that reporting socially undesirable behavior might fuel racial stereotypes. For attitudinal measures, White participants endorsed more liberal attitudes toward sex in high-contact conditions and non-White participants endorsed more liberal attitudes in low-contact conditions. For behavioral measures, non-White participants reported more behaviors on pencil-and-paper surveys than on computers. White participants demonstrated no significant mode-related differences or reported more sexual behaviors in computer conditions than paper-and-pencil conditions. Overall, results suggest that experimenter contact and mode significantly impact sexual self-report and this impact is often moderated by race.
Short-term nitrogen mineralization from warm-season cover crops in organic farming systems

Further understanding the factors which influence cover crop decomposition is needed to tailor management practices to achieve production and environmental stewardship goals. Short-term Nmin from warm-season cover crops in organic farming systems was assessed with a variety of field and lab-based measures including: residue biochemical composition, extractable inorganic N, ion-exchange resin membranes, potential Cmin and Nmin. Residue biochemical composition and environmental conditions appeared to be the primary factors affecting short-term Nmin in our study. Legume-dominated cover crops demonstrated greater potential Nmin than grass cover crops with higher C:N ratios. However even cover crops with C:N ratios >40:1 were predicted to result in mean net Nmin rather than immobilization. Sorghum-sudangrass demonstrated a greater ability to moderate nitrate loss from the top 0–15 cm of soil over the fall season compared to the other cover crops evaluated. The difference in potential Nmin of low and high C:N ratio cover crops was not as appreciable as expected. Our data suggests that the microbial community reduced its carbon use efficiency (CUE) due to suboptimal soil moisture. Further investigation into the impacts of soil moisture on residue decomposition in agroecosystems is needed to better understand and manage short-term C and N cycling.
DNA polymerase gamma from Xenopus laevis. II. A 3'----5' exonuclease is tightly associated with the DNA polymerase activity.

Abstract Xenopus laevis DNA polymerase gamma co-purifies with a tightly associated 3'----5' exonuclease. The purified enzyme lacks 5'----3' exonuclease and endonuclease activity. The ratio of the 3'----5' exonuclease activity to DNA polymerase gamma activity remains constant over the final three chromatographic procedures. In addition, these activities co-sediment under partially denaturing conditions in the presence of ethylene glycol. The associated 3'----5' exonuclease activity removes a terminally mismatched nucleotide more rapidly than a correctly base-paired 3'-terminal residue, as expected if this exonuclease has a proofreading function. The 3'----5' exonuclease has the ability to release a terminal phosphorothioated nucleotide, a property shared with T4 DNA polymerase, but not with Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I.
Micro‐computed tomography assessment of vertebral column defects in retinoic acid‐Induced rat model of myelomeningocele

Background Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a common congenital malformation and the most severe form of spina bifida characterized by the protrusion of spinal cord and meninges through the spinal defect. Our objective was to improve the assessment of congenital vertebral defects in animal models of MMC using three-dimensional high resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging and quantitative digital analyses methods. Methods Lumbosacral MMC was induced in fetal rats by exposure of pregnant mothers at embryonic day 10 (E10) to all-trans retinoic acid, and rats were examined at term (embryonic day 22). The axial skeleton was examined in an MMC model for the first time using ex vivo micro-CT at 10 μm voxel resolution to allow high resolution two-dimensional and three-dimensional characterization of anomalies in lumbosacral vertebrae, and quantitative assessment of distances between dorsal vertebral arches in lumbosacral regions in MMC rats, compared with normal controls. Results We observed, in detail, skeletal defects in lumbosacral vertebra of MMC rats, including in the morphology of individual dorsal vertebral arches. Use of high resolution micro-CT has also enabled us to identify the delayed (nonfused) or absent ossification in vertebral bodies, increased fusion of adjacent lateral vertebral elements, and quantify the extent of dorsal arch widening. Distances between dorsal vertebral arches showed statistically significant increases from L5 through S4 in MMC rats, compared with normal controls. Conclusion High-resolution micro-CT combined with digital quantification methods is a powerful technique ideally suited for precise assessment of complex congenital skeletal abnormalities such as examined in this rodent model of MMC. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:453–462, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AN ACETATE-ACTIVATING SYSTEM FROM RUMEN MICROORGANISMS. II. PRESENCE OF ACETOKINASE AND EFFECT OF CATIONS ON ITS ACTIVITY.

Abstract An acetate-activating system was isolated from rumen microorganisms. Ammonium sulfate fractions of an aqueous acetone powder extract were used as a source of enzyme for this study. These extracts were shown to possess the capability of activating acetate to its CoA ester via an acetokinase-phosphotransacetylase activation scheme. In this study, the acetokinase (ATP:acetate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.1) portion of this system was shown to be stimulated by addition of K+, Rb+ or NH4+ to the assay medium. Optimum concentration of these ions were 0.02–0.04 M and the relative order of effectiveness was K+ > Rb+ > NH4+. The reaction was also found to be inhibited by Na+ or Li+, but niether of these ions inhibited competitively. Acetokinase also displayed a requirement for divalent cations which could be satisfied by either Mg2+ or Mn2+ but not by Ba2+ or Ca2+. When the concentrations of both K+ and Mg2+ were varied, it was observed that the optimum K+ level could be decreased by as much as four-fold by increasing the Mg2+ concentration. Studies in which the ATP to Mg2+ ratio was held constant indicated that maximum activity occurred when the ATP/Mg2+ ratio was between 0.33 and 0.67.
Occluded Fourth Ventricle After Multiple Shunt Revisions for Hydrocephalus

Trapped occluded fourth ventricle has been considered a rare occurrence. Intraventricular hemorrhage followed by repeated shunt revisions may increase the risk (8/47 cases). Because premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and shunted hydrocephalus often have preexisting neurologic abnormalities, dilation may produce clinically undetected further neurologic damage. Shunting improved function in both currently treated as well as 13 of 14 previously treated patients. In light of this observation, the importance of recognition is stressed.
A checkpoint-on-failure protocol for algorithm-based recovery in standard MPI

Most predictions of Exascale machines picture billion way parallelism, encompassing not only millions of cores, but also tens of thousands of nodes. Even considering extremely optimistic advances in hardware reliability, probabilistic amplification entails that failures will be unavoidable. Consequently, software fault tolerance is paramount to maintain future scientific productivity. Two major problems hinder ubiquitous adoption of fault tolerance techniques: 1) traditional checkpoint based approaches incur a steep overhead on failure free operations and 2) the dominant programming paradigm for parallel applications (the MPI standard) offers extremely limited support of software-level fault tolerance approaches. In this paper, we present an approach that relies exclusively on the features of a high quality implementation, as defined by the current MPI standard, to enable algorithmic based recovery, without incurring the overhead of customary periodic checkpointing. The validity and performance of this approach are evaluated on large scale systems, using the QR factorization as an example.
Are You Ready for the New Service User

The Internet has a profound effect on how businesses interact with consumers. Mass customization is delivered through some uses of the Internet. Consumers through the use of the Internet will becom...
Isolation and Examination of Transducing Particles from Streptococcus lactis C2

Two defective transducing bacteriophages induced by exposure of Streptococcus lactis C2 to ultraviolet irradiation have been isolated and characterized. These temperate phages designated c2t1 and c2t2 were isolated by cesium chloride equilibrium density gradient centrifugation of phage preparations concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation. The equilibrium gradient contained two visually apparent phage bands positioned at densities of 1.487 and 1.463 g cm-3 respective for c2t1 and c2t2. Particle morphology and phenol extracted phage deoxyribonucleic acid were examined by electron microscopy for each phage. Head diameter, deoxyribonucleic acid length, and molecular weight for c2t1 were 60 nm, 10.9 mum, and 22.6 x 10(6) daltons, respectively. Phage c2t2 had a head diameter of 70nm, a deoxribonucleic acid length of 11.4 mum, and a molecular weight of 23.8 x 10(6) daltons. Comparing head diameter and phage deoxyribonucleic acid length suggests that the variation in c2t1 and c2t2 density was due to difference in head size. Phage c2t2 exhibited high frequency transduction of lactose metabolism based on preparations equilibrated by adjustment of optical density at 260 nm. Maltose and proteinase markers also were transduced by both phages. The transducing phage was defective, requiring a helper for the formation of transducing particles but not for the transduction process. Superinfection immunity was not conferred on post-infecting phage. The results demonstrated transduction by two nonidentical phage particles lysogenic for S. lactis C2.
A construction of compact and noncompact solutions for nonlinear dispersive equations of even order

A construction of compact and noncompact solutions for nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations of even order is considered. Two model equations of even orders k>=4 are adopted to carry out this study. The analysis reveals the presence of distinct roots of different indices that play a significant role in the solutions.
Nature's matrix: linking agriculture, conservation and food sovereignty

In Nature's matrix, Ivette Perfecto, John Vandermeer and Angus Wright convincingly argue that preserving the wealth of global biodiversity will not be as simple as setting aside land for conservati...
Precontact vegetation and soil nutrient status in the shadow of Kohala Volcano, Hawaii

AbstractHumans colonized Hawaii about 1200 years ago and have progressively modified vegetation, particularly in mesic to drytropical forests. We use δ 13 C to evaluate the contribution of C 3 and C 4 plants to deep soil organic matter to reconstruct pre-humancontact vegetation patterns along a wet to dry climate transect on Kohala Mountain, Hawaii Island. Precontact vegetationassemblages fall into three distinct zones: a wet C 3 dominated closed canopy forest where annual rainfall is N2000 mm, a dry C 4 dominated grassland with annual rainfall b500 mm, and a broad transition zone between these communities characterized by eitherC 3 trees with higher water-use efficiency than the rainforest trees or C 3 trees with a small amount of C 4 grasses intermixed. Thelikelihood of C 4 grass understory decreases with increasing rainfall. We show that the total concentration of rock-derived nutrientsin the b2-mm soil fraction differs in each of these vegetation zones. Nutrient losses are driven by leaching at high rainfall and byplant cycling and wind erosion at low rainfall. By contrast, nutrients are best preserved in surface soils of the intermediate rainfallzone, where rainfall supports abundant plant growth but does not contribute large amounts of water in excess of evapotranspiration.Polynesian farmers exploited these naturally enriched soils as they intensified their upland agricultural systems during the last threecenturies before European contact.© 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Study of Local Structure in Selected Organic–Inorganic Perovskites in the Pm3̅m Phase

The local structures of the inorganic component of selected organic–inorganic perovskites (OIPs) are studied by analyzing the X-ray pair distribution function. Whereas the long-range structure of each perovskite is the untilted Pm3m phase, all the OIPs showed significant internal distortion of the octahedra. Varying the halide has a significant impact on the lattice constant. There is evidence of local lone-pair distortions for certain compositions. The most complex case of disorder appears to be that of CH3NH3SnBr3.
The temporal relation between high release and sleep stage changes at nocturnal sleep onset in man

Abstract The temporal pattern of growth hormone release at sleep onset was studied in six adult human subjects by frequent blood sampling combined with polygraphic sleep recording. HGH release was associated with sleep onset but not with the transition from waking to sleep. Delta activity consistently preceded the first elevation of plasma HGH.
Effects of location in territory and distance from neighbours on the use of song repertoires by Carolina wrens

Abstract By capturing territorial Carolina wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus) and housing them in portable cages on their territories, I could control each one's location in its territory and distance from neighbours in experiments on the use of song repertoires. Experiment 1 demonstrated that these wrens sang more songs in the centre of their territories than at the edge, but that they did not use more song types or different song types at the centre than at the edge. In experiment 2, in which I played tape-recorded songs at two distances from wrens caged in the centres of their territories, birds responded more strongly to songs at 25m, simulating an intruder, than to songs at 165 m, simulating a territorial neighbour. Birds also switched more frequently between song types and sang more song types per 100 songs in response to the nearer playback. Experiment 3 compared captive wrens 140 m, 80 m, 20 m, or 0 m apart on adjacent territories. As the distance between neighbours decreased, birds sang less, but also switched more frequently between song types, used more song types per 100 songs, and matched songs with neighbours more frequently. There were no differences in the kinds of song types sung at different distances from neighbours. A comparison of the results from experiments 1 and 3 confirms that the use of song repertoires is influenced by distance from conspecifics and not by location in the territory.
Cellular mechanisms involved in cyclic stromal renewal of the uterus. III. Cells of the immune response

The principal cell types associated with the humoral immune response (monocyte-macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells) are numerous in the endometrial stroma of the uterus during the first four postpartum days in two types of mammals, the marsupial North America opossum and the eutherian albino rat. This transietn cellular differentiation coincides with the physiologic period of rapid uterine regression which includes massive reduction in the amount of extracellular stromal material. In addition, heterophils and eosinophils, cell types also known to be associated with phagocytic and immunologic activity, appear in the stroma during the first two postpartum days; their presence may, however, be associated more directly with the postpartum estrus that occurs on day 1 postpartum than with endometrial regression. Thus, the five cell types, which are known in pathologic conditions to be components present in the inflammatory response to a foreign antigen, are conspicuously present in the normal regressing endometrium. Furthermore, there is ample ultrastructural evidence of frequent macrophagic-lymphocytic interaction, transformation of lymphocytes, and active secretion by plasma cells during this early postpartum period. An hypothesis has been derived by uniting this new description of endometrial stromal cell differentiation with the existing literature on uterine collagenase activity, an important feature of postpartum regression (reviews of Gross, '74; Harris and Krane, '74). It is based on the assumption that during regression the extracellular action of neutral collagenase (and possibly other extracellular proteases) release new antigenic sites in proteins located in the ground substance. In the case of collagenase, these transient antigenic sites would arise at the locus of enzymic cleavage as well as from the subsequent denaturation of the fragments of the collagen molecule. This endogenous antigenic stimulus would be strong and temporary, and would lead to the cellular manifestations of the transient humoral immunologic response which are evident in the regressing stroma of these two mammals. This humoral immune reaction may be one of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the cyclic renewal of the extracellular compartment of the uterine stroma.
Determination of enantiomeric compositions of amino acids by near-infrared spectrometry through complexation with carbohydrate.

A new method has been developed for the determination of enantiomeric compositions of a variety of compounds. The method is based on the use of the near-infrared technique to measure diastereomeric interactions between an added carbohydrate compound with both enantiomeric forms of an analyte followed by partial least-squares analysis of the data. The fact that the method works well with all three macrocyclic carbohydrates with different cavity size (i.e., α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin) as well as with sucrose, which is a linear carbohydrate, clearly demonstrates that it is not necessary to have inclusion complex formation in order to produce effective diastereomeric interactions. Rather, a simple adsorption of the analyte onto a carbohydrate is sufficient. Since inclusion complex formation is not a requisite, this method is not limited to the amino acid studies here but is rather universal and sensitive as it can, in principle, be used to determine enantiomeric compositions for all types of compounds with on...
Amplification and squeezing of quantum noise with a tunable Josephson metamaterial

An array of 488 Josephson junctions that amplifies and squeezes noise beyond conventional quantum limits should prove useful in the study and development of superconducting qubits and other quantum devices.
Using Large-Scale Research to Gauge the Impact of Instructional Practices on Student Reading Comprehension: An Exploratory Study

Small-scale research has identified classroom practices that are associated with high student performance in reading comprehension. It is not known, however, whether these findings generalize to larger samples and populations, as most large-scale studies of the impact of teaching on student performance do not include measures of classroom practices. Generalizing to larger populations is particulary important at a time when policies national in their scope are calling for “scientifically-based” instruction in reading. The current study explores the possibility of using large-scale data and methods to study classroom practices in reading comprehension. It finds that such studies are both feasible and necessary. They are feasible insofar as it proved possible to collect
Please Accept My Sincerest Apologies: Examining Follower Reactions to Leader Apology

Recognizing gaps in our present understanding of leader apologies, this investigation examines how followers appraise leader apologies and how these perceptions impact work-related outcomes. Results indicate that followers who viewed their leader as trustworthy or caring before a leader wrongdoing were more likely to perceive their leader’s apology to be sincere, as compared to followers who previously doubted their leader’s trustworthiness and caring. Attributions of apology sincerity affected follower reactions, with followers perceiving sincere apologies reporting greater trust in leadership, satisfaction with supervision, leader–member exchange quality, affective organizational commitment, and forgiveness than those reporting insincere or no apologies. A mediation model was supported, showing that attributions of apology sincerity fostered perceptions of humility, which enhanced perceptions of transformational leadership, and consequently garnered more positive follower reactions.
Lanthanide ions as luminescent chromophores for the liquid chromatographic detection of polynucleotides and nucleic acids.

Abstract Europium(III) and terbium(III) can be used as luminescent chromophores for the liquid chromatographic detection of certain nucleotides and nucleic acids. The method is dependent upon an energy transfer from the nucleic acid to the lanthanide ion. Of the base moeities, only xanthine, quanine, and thiouridine have appropriate excited state energy levels for efficient energy transfer. The lanthanide ion can be added in pre- or post-column mode. The applicability of the method was demostrated for the detection of homologous polynucleotides such as poly X and poly G. The method was also used to detect transfer RNA from Escherichia coli .
SYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE LEAF ANATOMY OF PALM GENUS SYAGRUS

A B S T R A C T A systematic survey of the leaf anatomy of 51 taxa in the palm genus Syagrus was made. Cross sections of the middle pinnae of each taxon were embedded, cut, stained, and mounted on slides. Criteria used to distinguish species were based mainly on differences in the laminar surface and hypodermis: frequency and location of various sized veins; frequency, shape, and location of nonvascular fibers; size and shape of midrib and main vascular bundle; and size and shape of expansion cell tissue. The included key to the species employs mostly these characteristics. Each taxon is listed under subgenera and sections in the order presented in a previous article, where gross morphology was used as the basis of classification. Relationships between species of each subgenus and section are discussed in terms of the original arrangement of each group and needed changes. It is significant that certain evolutionary sequences have become unfolded which were not apparent by use of morphological characters alone. Although all relationships have not been completely worked out, this survey has resulted in a revision of my original classification of the genus Syagrus and at the same time has also corroborated certain alignments of species previously based on gross morphology.
Evaluations of Spanish- and Oriental-accented English speakers

The study investigated the evaluations received by individuals who speak English with a Spanish or Oriental accent. The judges in the study were 134 American college students (60 males, 74 females) who listened to one of six different audiotapes containing the speech sample of an individual (male or female) who spoke either unaccented English, Spanish -accented English, or Oriental-accented English. The speech samples were matched for degree of accent, intensity level, and speech rate. After listening to a tape, each judge was asked to rate the speaker using 16 personality scales. The results of a multivariate analysis of variance did not support the hypothesis that accented speakers are perceived as having less positive traits; however, significant main effects for gender of speaker and gender of judge, as well as a significant interaction between type of speech and gender of judge, were found.
The measurement of molecular orientation in fibers by acoustic methods

In the present work, the sound velocity in polymeric fibers or film strips is related to a quantitative measure of molecular orientation in the sample. It is shown that this measure of orientation can be calculated from two experimental quantities: the sound velocity in an oriented specimen and the velocity in a randomly oriented sample. Both the oriented and unoriented samples must have the same chemical composition, and both measurements must be made at the same temperature, below the glass transition temperature, Tg. Sound velocities were measured by a pulse technique. This method permitted a continuous measurement of orientation changes during conventional stress-strain tests without interrupting the tests. In addition, the uniformity of orientation along the length of fibers was measured continuously during windup. Examples of these applications are given, and a comparison is drawn between acoustic and x-ray measures of orientation.
Identification of an Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Protein Hydrolysates by a Soybean Protease and the Antihypertensive Effects of Hydrolysates in 4 Spontaneously Hypertensive Model Rats

Our previous study demonstrated that, because of its substrate specificity, protein hydrolysates by protease D3, which is originated from soybean, exhibited the prominent property of being less bitter than other enzymatic hydrolysates. In the 1st experiment in this series, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from soy protein hydrolysate by D3 were identified by the establishment of a novel and effective peptide identification method. The amino acid sequences of candidate ACE inhibitory peptides were determined by electrospray ionization mass/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis after rough purification of the samples with gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase chromatography. Some of the candidate peptides had amino acid sequences that showed homology with those of the reported ACE inhibitory peptides. Then, 8 types of novel candidate peptides were synthesized according to a solid-phase method, and their ACE inhibitory activity was confirmed as the IC50 value. The most potent inhibitor was NWGPLV (IC50= 21 μM). In the 2nd experiment, the antihypertensive activity of protein hydrolysates by D3 was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive model rats (SHRs). The dose-dependent antihypertensive effect of soy protein hydrolysate was confirmed, and systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced after the oral administration of doses exceeding 100 mg/kg. Casein hydrolysate was found to have the most potent effects on suppressing blood pressure as well as ACE inhibitory activity among the various food protein hydrolysates studied because of the primary structure of casein. These results indicate that hydrolysates by D3 could be a useful food ingredient because it has the physiological function (antihypertensive activity).
Sleep Behaviors in Older African American Females Reporting Nonmalignant Chronic Pain: Understanding the Psychosocial Implications of General Sleep Disturbance

This study examined factors that influence sleep quality in older African American women (N = 181) reporting chronic pain. Participants completed a series of questions assessing demographic and behavioral characteristics, health status, pain intensity, and sleep disturbance. Findings indicated that younger participants and those experiencing poorer physical functioning reported more difficulty sleeping due to pain. Similarly, participants who reported being awakened from sleep due to pain were younger and experienced greater pain intensity. Understanding the relationship between sleep and pain in this group of women may be useful in promoting effective disease management and sleep awareness among patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals.
An ensemble adjustment Kalman filter study for Argo data

An ensemble adjustment Kalman filter system is developed to assimilate Argo profiles into the Northwest Pacific MASNUM wave-circulation coupled model, which is based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). This model was recoded in FORTRAN-90 style, and some new data types were defined to improve the efficiency of system design and execution. This system is arranged for parallel computing by using UNIX shell scripts: it is easier with single models running separately with the required information exchanged through input/output files. Tests are carried out to check the performance of the system: one for checking the ensemble spread and another for the performance of assimilation of the Argo data in 2005. The first experiment shows that the assimilation system performs well. The comparison with the Satellite derived sea surface temperature (SST) shows that modeled SST errors are reduced after assimilation; at the same time, the spatial correlation between the simulated SST anomalies and the satellite data is improved because of Argo assimilation. Furthermore, the temporal evolution/trend of SST becomes much better than those results without data assimilation. The comparison against GTSPP profiles shows that the improvement is not only in the upper layers of ocean, but also in the deeper layers. All these results suggest that this system is potentially capable of reconstructing oceanic data sets that are of high quality and are temporally and spatially continuous.
Physicochemical Studies on L-Cell Virions

Abstract The L-cell virion (LCV) has been purified from supernatant fluids of mouse L cells grown in suspension culture. The virion is similar to other RNA tumor viruses by several criteria: (i) the density of the virion is 1.16 g/cm3; (ii) the virion appears as a rounded membranous particle with an outer diameter of 146.7 ± 11.8 nm, and contains knobs (7-nm diameter) over its surface; (iii) 15 polypeptides (ranging in molecular weight from 7,000 to 110,000) are detectable after electrophoresis of virion protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels; (iv) three species of RNA can be isolated—high molecular weight (80 to 88s) (50%), 7s (35%) and 4s (15%); (v) heat denaturation of the high-molecular-weight RNA yields a heterogeneous population of molecules (20 to 35s) as well as a 7s and 4s species. Despite the general similarity to infectious RNA tumor viruses, LCV is apparently defective as evidenced by the fact that it does not induce tumors in animals or transform normal mouse cells in vitro (Kindig and Kirsten [17]). The defective nature of the LCV might be related to the fact that assays for DNA polymerase in the virion showed only a negligible activity when compared to Rous sarcoma virus.
Abstract #7: Identifying Potential Subjects for Tourette Syndrome Clinical Research

Objective To compare two different approaches for identifying appropriate potential subjects for a clinical research study in TS. Background We planned to recruit TS patients for a research protocol requiring age range 21–50 and that subjects be off psychotropic medication for at least six months prior to enrollment. Methods Using an electronic billing system, we obtained date of birth for individuals seen in our TS clinic between 1998 and 2000. Based on this, we identified those in the age range for inclusion. We also reviewed paper medical records of all patients seen in our clinic from 2006 through 2008 and identified those in the proper age range. These potentially eligible subjects were then categorized based upon use of psychotropic medication. Results Of 128 patients with a diagnosis of TS listed in the electronic billing system, 69 met the criteria for age. Of 328 medical records reviewed, 77 met the criteria for age. Chart review of these 77 cases found that only 8 were not taking psychotropic medication, 48 were taking tic suppressing medication, and 21 were taking psychotropic medication for OCD, ADHD, or depression. Additional potential subjects were found from the family members of 72 reviewed cases. The electronic billing record search required only minutes to complete, while the record review required about 15 hours of effort. Discussion Identifying potential subjects from an existing patient pool is a critical step for clinical research study recruitment. The medical record review allowed acquisition of information about medication use and family history that was not available through a query of the electronic billing data. Disadvantages of the chart review might be overcome through use of an electronic database that contains specific information relevant to subject recruitment for research. However, given the reality that no single system may contain all the information needed for clinical research recruitment, a more practical approach will be to integrate the two methods (initial screening using an electronic system followed by chart review to extract more detailed information).
RADIUS: the government viewpoint

The Office of Research and Development, with major involvement and support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), has begun a highly applications- oriented project intended to provide image understanding (IU) technology in a fully and semi- automated support system of human-machine interface interactive tools to the photo interpreter and imagery analyst (IA). The central concept of Research and Development for Image Understanding Systems (RADIUS) is that of model supported exploitation. Two- and/or three dimensional site models are developed and/or maintained by analysts using imagery source data, imagery-derived information, and appropriate non-imagery sourced information (often called collateral). IU technology and necessary non-IU technology are used where feasible to integrate this base of information which can be accessed spatially via the now-developed site model and displayed or rendered in support of the IA during the imagery exploitation and reporting process. As new imagery is obtained, it may be registered to the site model, or through the site model to other images, to support the specific exploitation tasks and applications which will be developed. The current effort is the concept definition phase. This phase will determine the viability of current technology to perform these tasks and will define future activities.
Workplace flexibility, self-reported health, and health care utilization

Abstract Flexible work arrangements, or organizational practises that permit employees to adjust their work schedule or location to better manage demands outside of work, are a popular family-friendly benefit. There is relatively little research examining the health outcomes associated with flexibility and no published studies examining associations with health care utilization. We analyzed responses to self-administered Health Risk Appraisals (HRAs) completed by employees of a large multinational pharmaceutical company in the USA (N = 2976). The HRA included measures of perceived flexibility and self-appraised health. Health care utilization records from the year following completion of the HRA were merged with the self-reported data. Greater levels of flexibility were associated with better health: that is, with less self-reported stress and strain, and better physical health. Flexibility was not related to either acute visits to a health care provider or number of prescriptions. However, after controll...
The Neurocognitive Effects of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Young Adults With and Without Hypoglycemia

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common illnesses found in children under the age of 18 as well as in young adults. Symptoms of this disease, including those with and without severe hypoglycemia, create abnormal blood glucose levels along with abnormal insulin levels. These abnormal chemical levels have been associated with neurocognitive deficits in memory, attention, motor skills, visuospatial abilities and executive functioning. In this paper, available literature on the central nervous system changes associated with the effects of insulin-dependent diabetes on school-aged children and young adults is reviewed. Implications for learning as well as a neurobiological cause of executive function deficits are discussed.
Balancing Historic Preservation, Science, and the Environment in Underwater Cultural Heritage Site Management: Long-Term Management Strategies for the Sunken Battleship USS Arizona

AbstractNational Park Service's Submerged Resources Center has been coordinating research on the sunken battleship USS Arizona, in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii since 1998. This article outlines a research strategy and results of investigations into the nature and rate of the ship's corrosion, the status of the nearly 2.3 million litres of fuel oil still aboard the vessel, and our approach to managing a site that is both an historic war grave and a potential environmental threat. This project was designed to be a model for underwater cultural heritage site management internationally, specifi cally for other historic vessels leaking contaminants into the environment, and to produce results directly applicable to preservation and management of historical iron and steel vessels worldwide.
Interocular transfer of a brightness and of a pattern discrimination in albino and pigmented guinea pigs

Interocular transfer of a brightness and of a pattern discrimination was measured in albino and pigmented guinea pigs. Substantial amounts of transfer occurred regardless of problem type or pigmentation, and neither problem type nor pigmentation had a reliable influence on interocular transfer. Transfer, though considerable, was incomplete.
The influence of explosive-driven shock prestraining at 35 GPa and of high deformation on the structure/property behavior of 316 L austenitic stainless steel

The mechanical responses of high-explosive (HE)-driven “Taylor-Wave” shock prestrained, 20 pct quasistatically uniaxially compressed, and 32 pct cross-rolled 316 L austenitic stainless steel (SS) samples were investigated in compression and tension at room temperature. The results of the compression and tension tests were compared to the deformation results of the annealed microstructure at a strain rate of 10−3 s−1. The mechanical behavior of the 316 L SS following explosive shock prestraining exhibits a factor of 2 increase in yield stress over that observed for the annealed material. A significant reduction in ductility due to the Taylor-wave shock prestraining of the 316 L SS was also observed in tension. The microstructure and substructure evolution of the shock-prestrained 316 L SS samples were investigated using optical metallography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microstructural analyses revealed a high density of deformation twins following Taylor-wave shock prestraining and cross-rolling to 32 pct strain. These microstructures were compared to those of the 20 pct quasi-statically uniaxially prestrained 316 L SS. The current experimental results were found to agree with previous literature results on SS samples shock-prestrained utilizing “square-topped” and explosive Taylor-wave shock-pulse loading.
Automated determination of segment positions in a high-purity 32-fold segmented germanium detector

Abstract An automated system for determining detector segment positions in a high-purity 32-fold segmented germanium detector has been developed. To determine segment positions as they would appear in an experiment, positions must be measured while the 32-fold segmented germanium crystal is kept at liquid nitrogen temperatures. A collimated 57 Co gamma-ray source is moved around the surface of the detector cryostat, and the response of the germanium crystal is measured. Motion of the source is driven by two Slo-Syn motors and BEI incremental optical encoders, which are controlled through LabVIEW programming and a National Instruments PCStep board. The collected data is analyzed to determine the position of the center of each of the 32 segments.
Right ventricular function after coronary artery bypass graft surgery--a magnetic resonance imaging study

Abstract Background A reduction in right ventricular function commonly occurs in the early postoperative period after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). We sought to determine the longer-term effect of CABG on right ventricular function. Methods Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and approximately 3 months after surgery in 28 patients undergoing elective CABG. Right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction was assessed by planimetry of electrocardiographically gated cine images. Results There was a statistically significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction from 50% to 58% ( P =.003) after CABG. RV ejection fraction also increased from 54% to 60% ( P =.002). In patients with lower baseline RV ejection fraction (below the median, P P =.003) as well as off-pump CABG (47% vs. 55%, P =.009) lead to an improvement in RV function in patients in the initial low RV ejection fraction group. Conclusion Long-term right ventricular function was not adversely affected by CABG. An improvement in RV function occurred after surgery in patients with low baseline RV ejection fraction and was similar in patients who underwent surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass.
Precision Determination of the Hyperfine Structure of the Ground State of Atomic Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Tritium

A determination of the hyperfine structure of the ground state of atomic hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium was made. A 1-Mc/sec output of an Atormichron was multiplied in a Gertsch AM-1 and used to phase lock the Gertsch FM-4 at a high frequency. The hyperfine transitions were driven by a radar jamming oscillator and beat with output of the Gerch FM-4. This beat frequency (3 to 4 Mc/sec) was amplified, compared in a phase-detecting circuit, and counted with an electronic counter. The pressure shfft of the buffer gases (argon, neon, and helium was determined. Hyperfine splitting data were obtained by extrapolating to zero pressure. (C.J.G.)