cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Origins of ‘Whig’ and ‘Tory’ in English Political Language

Although ‘Whig’ and ‘Tory’ are among the most historic words in the language of English politics, their origins have never been subjected to modern scholarly study. Modern historians of the Exclusion Crisis are attracted by other aspects of the period; we find in the words little of die immediate relevance or historical continuity which Macaulay saw when he wrote glowingly of ‘two nicknames which, diough originally given in insult, were soon assumed with pride, which are still in daily use, which have spread as widely as the English race, and which will last as long as the English literature’.
Behaviour of continuous pipeline subject to transverse PGD

The response of buried continuous pipeline to tranverse Permanent Ground Deformation (PGD) has been studied by a number of investigators over the past few years. Herein the numerical results by O'Rourke (1988) and Suzuki et al. as well as analytical results by O'Rourke are compared. It is shown that the numerical results specifically the peak tensile strain induced in the pipeline for moderate to large widths of the PGD zone (width ⩾30 m) agree reasonably well, and compare favourably with existing simplified, closed form, analytical results. However, the peak compressive pipe strains differ as well tensile strains for small widths of the PGD zone (width W≈10 m). New numerical results are presented which clarify these differences. In addition, an improved analytical model is introduced. Using information from PGD case histories primarily from Japan, the improved analytical model is shown to match reasonably well with numerical results. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual-kVp Radiography

The use of information contained in the transmitted x-ray spectrum provides the capability for selective removal of substances of a particular mean atomic number in projection radiographs. Using a prototype system for line-scanned digital radiography, x-ray images were produced with two different x-ray spectra by modulating the kVp applied to the x-ray source and filtering the x-ray beam. Using a previously described Compton/photoelectric decomposition algorithm, subtraction images are made with bone or soft-tissue (water) shadows removed. Applications to chest, abdominal and skeletal imaging in-vivo are demonstrated.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The role of midfacial degloving approach for maxillary cysts and tumors

Abstract Purpose: The midfacial degloving approach has been used as a surgical approach to gain access to regions of the midface that would otherwise require external incisions. This article describes the role of this technique for various maxillary lesions. Patients and Methods: Thirteen patients underwent the midfacial degloving technique for 8 maxillary benign lesions and 5 malignant lesions. This procedure uses 4 basic incisions: 1) sublabial incision, 2) bilateral intercartilaginous incisions, 3) septocolumellar-complete transfixion incisions, and 4) bilateral piriform aperture incisions extending to the vestibule. Results: All patients successfully underwent the planned procedures after the midfacial degloving technique for the treatment of benign or malignant lesions without significant complications. Postoperative sequelae were nasal crusting and infraorbital hypesthesia, both of which resolved. Conclusions: The midfacial degloving approach offers good exposure of the mid third of the face with excellent cosmetic results. This approach may be combined with downfracture of the maxilla for access to expose and resect sinonasal malignancies. The midfacial degloving technique is a viable procedure with low morbidity and excellent cosmetic outcomes.
New application of β-galactosidase complementation to monitor tau self-association

Neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated and aberrantly cleaved microtubule-associated protein tau are a major neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies suggest that the predominant neurotoxic effect of pathologically processed tau is mediated by intermediate tau multimers rather than the mature tau tangles, thus underscoring the importance of studying tau self-association preceding tangle formation. However, experimental approaches for such studies are limited. Here, we describe a modification of the beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) complementation assay, which provides a simple, sensitive and quantitative system to monitor pre-tangle tau-tau interactions in a cell model. Full-length tau (T4) and tau truncated at D421 (C3, to mimic caspase-cleaved tau) were fused to one of a pair of weakly complementing beta-gal mutants (Deltaalpha and Deltaomega) and expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. The tau-tau interactions and the subsequent juxtapositioning of Deltaalpha and Deltaomega led to beta-gal complementation and an increase in beta-gal activity which was detected by histochemical staining and quantified by chemiluminescent assays. After cross-linking with disuccinimidyl suberate, tau formed high molecular weight complexes which were detected on denaturing acrylamide gels, further confirming the close proximity among self-associated tau molecules. The self-association of C3 appeared to be less efficient than that of T4. Furthermore, treatment with lithium decreased beta-gal complementation of both T4 and C3 indicating that the interaction of these proteins was attenuated. Overall, this study suggests that beta-gal complementation assay can be a useful tool to monitor tau self-association.
Viral epidemiologic shift in inflammatory heart disease: the increasing involvement of parvovirus B19 in the myocardium of pediatric cardiac transplant patients.

Background Detection of viral genome in rejecting cardiac transplant patients has been reported, with coxsackievirus and adenovirus causing premature graft failure. Recently, parvovirus B19 (PVB19) genome in myocardial samples has been increasingly reported, but its role in cardiac pathology and effect on transplant graft survival are unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine if changes in the viruses identified in the myocardium represent an epidemiologic shift in viral myocardial disease and whether PVB19 adversely affects transplant graft survival. Methods From September 2002 to December 2005, nested polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate endomyocardial biopsy specimens for 99 children (aged 3 weeks–18 years) with heart transplants for the presence of viral genome. Cellular rejection was assessed by histology of specimens. Transplant coronary artery disease (TCAD) was diagnosed by coronary angiography or histopathology. Results Specimens from 700 biopsies were evaluated from 99 patients; 121 specimens had viral genome, with 100 (82.6%) positive for PVB19, 24 for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; 7 positive for PVB19 and EBV), 3 for CMV, and 1 for adenovirus. Presence of PVB19 genome did not correlate with rejection score, nor did a higher viral copy number. Early development of advanced TCAD ( p 6 months). Conclusions PVB19 is currently the predominant virus detected in heart transplant surveillance biopsy specimens, possibly representing an epidemiologic shift. Cellular rejection does not correlate with the presence or quantity of PVB19 genome in the myocardium, but children with chronic PVB19 infection have increased risk for earlier TCAD, supporting the hypothesis that PVB19 negatively affects graft survival.
Preparation and Subsequent Reaction Chemistry of Cyclopentadienyl Molybdenum Dicarbonyl η3-2-Alkylidene Cyclobutanonyl Complexes

Cyclopentadienylmolybdenumtricarbonyl anion reacts with a variety of allenic electrophiles to produce η3-2-alkylidene cyclobutanonyl and/or η3-butadienyl complexes. The 2-alkylidene cyclobutanone can be synthetically modified, while still complexed to molybdenum, by nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl or via enolate chemistry. The cyclobutanone can then be removed from the metal via oxidative demetalation. Several of the new complexes reported here have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Shock-Initiated Buckling of Carbon/Epoxy Composite Tubes at Sub-Critical Pressures

A comprehensive investigation on the implosion of composite cylinders subjected to a nearby explosion is performed. Experiments are conducted in a large pressure vessel, designed to provide constant hydrostatic pressure throughout the event. Carbon fiber/epoxy filament-wound tubes are studied with constant hydrostatic pressure and varying charge standoff distances to determine the effect of the explosive loading on the mechanisms of collapse. 3-D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is used to capture the full-field displacements and velocities during the implosion event, and to characterize the initial dynamic response of the tube. Dynamic pressure transducers measure the shock waves generated by the explosive and also the pressure pulse generated by the collapse. Results show that different magnitudes of explosive loading produce drastic differences in the way implosions are initiated, and in the extent of damage to the structure. Experiments with strong explosive loading show immediate collapse of the tube upon the arrival of shock wave. Relatively smaller explosive loading result in collapses due to the additional bubble pulse loading, or after accumulating damage for extended periods of time.
Use and abuse of systemic corticosteroid therapy.

Summary Steroid-responsive acute dermatoses should be treated with a single morning dose of prednisone for approximately 2 weeks. It is not necessary to "taper" a short course of oral prednisone given by this method. Chronic dermatoses should be treated whenever possible with prednisone used in the morning and on alternate days. This method is effective, is free of most side effects, and suppresses the HPA axis minimally. There are few real advantages in using intramuscular corticosteroids. TAC is an unusually strong suppressor of the HPA axis. For chronic dermatoses, a less suppressive preparation might best be chosen if the physician feels that the intramuscular route is the most reasonable one. In any event, TAC should never be used more often than every two months. Finally, the time-course of HPA recovery following short courses of steroids is presently unknown. Nonetheless, some astute critics of steroid metabolism have felt obliged to advise us that individuals who have received from 1 to 4 weeks of suppressive steroid treatment should be suspect as to the integrity of their HPA axis in stressful situations for up to one year. The withdrawal from, as well as the use of, systemic corticosteroids requires a creative and critical physician.
Intercalate vaporization during the exfoliation of graphite intercalated with bromine

Abstract Pressure-volume-temperature measurement during the exfoliation of graphite intercalated with bromine showed that exfoliation involved the vaporization of 1 8 of the intercalate, which formed aggregates of at least 8 monolayers thick on the average. At the point of completion of the vaporization, one vaporized intercalate monolayer was about 400 A thick.
Competing on design quality: A strategic planning approach for product quality with the use of a control theoretic model

Abstract Design quality is a strategic variable, a dimension for product differentiation, which can effectively be used to edge out competition and increase market share. Planning for design quality should be based on sound analysis because of the serious effects on the firm's profitability. The decision about design quality is also interlinked with that about price. In this paper, we develop a control theoretic model that can effectively support the strategic planning process for design quality and price. The idea behind the optimal control formulation is to use the design quality level and the price as the control variables to maximize the discounted net present value of the total profit over the life of the product. Managerial insights through analytical results are obtained on the form of the optimal design quality and pricing policies. An extensive set of numerical experiments helped us to gain useful insights on the effects of various model parameters on the optimal policies.
Comment on the tricritical point in SbSI

Measurements of the pressure and temperature dependences of the c-axis static dielectric constant of SbSI in the vicinity of the ferroelectric transition have confirmed the existence of a tricritical point in this crystal at \ensuremath{\sim}1.4 kbar and \ensuremath{\sim}235K.
Good Ol’ Boy Talk versus the Blogosphere in the Case of Former Senator George Allen

The unsuccessful 2006 reelection campaign of then incumbent Republican senator George Allen of Virginia is employed to discuss the emergent role of blogging in political discourse. We analyze reconstructed interactions between weblog and mainstream media coverage to argue that Allen's use of the racial slur “macaca” was successfully mobilized by progressive Virginia bloggers to create a negative narrative about Allen that was then picked up and echoed in many mainstream media outlets. In this case study, blogs were used as an important site of civil discourse that increasingly influences mainstream media coverage. Bloggers took advantage of changing mores that make it unseemly for high-level public officials to employ racially insensitive comments and effectively mobilized long-standing dramatic elements of a campaign narrative to shape discourse surrounding this Senate election.
Alpha/beta(gamma ray) discrimination and spillover quantification with a BaF2 scintillator

Abstract A simple pulse shape discrimination technique was used to separate alpha and beta(gamma ray) interactions in a BaF 2 scintillator. The separation was not ideal, resulting in a 5.1% spillover of alpha interactions into the beta(gamma ray) channel and 11.9% spillover of beta(gamma ray) interactions into the alpha channel for a set pulse shape discriminator. The misclassification of events was reduced by post-processing the data using either a simple analytical technique or a more complex linear least squares technique. Both techniques typically reduced the difference between the expected and calculated interaction rates to
Fast dynamics and stabilization of proteins: binary glasses of trehalose and glycerol.

We present elastic and inelastic incoherent neutron scattering data from a series of trehalose glasses diluted with glycerol. A strong correlation with recently published protein stability data in the same series of glasses illustrates that the dynamics at Q ≥ 0.71 A−1 and ω > 200 MHz are important to stabilization of horseradish peroxidase and yeast alcohol dehydrogenase in these glasses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence that enzyme stability in a room temperature glass depends upon suppressing these short-length scale, high-frequency dynamics within the glass. We briefly discuss the coupling of protein motions to the local dynamics of the glass. Also, we show that Tg alone is not a good indicator for the protein stability in this series of glasses; the glass that confers the maximum room-temperature stability does not have the highest Tg.
Development of dysmyelopoietic syndrome in a hairy cell leukemia patient treated with chlorambucil: Cytogenetic and morphologic evaluation

A splenectomized patient with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) who had received chemotherapy with a low-dose alkylating agent for 2 years developed dysmyelopoietic syndrome (DMPS), the first such case to be described. A portion of his marrow remained chronically involved with HCL, but the remainder evolved from being morphologically and karyotypically normal to involvement with DMPS, with cells having a bizarre karyotype. Three of four metaphase cells had consistent abnormalities, with a missing chromosome No. 5, structural rearrangements resulting in deletion of part of the long arm of chromosome No. 7, deletion of 2q, and a small ring chromosome; upon further clonal evolution, a translocation between chromosomes No. 12 and 15 and deletion of the long arm of chromosome No. 19 were seen. We therefore add HCL patients to the growing list of those at risk of developing a secondary hematologic malignant disease possibly due to cytotoxic therapy for their primary disorder.
Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease and Reverse Transcriptase Mutation Patterns in 4,183 Persons Undergoing Genotypic Resistance Testing

In a sample of 6,156 sequences from 4,183 persons, the top 30 patterns of protease inhibitor, nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor, and nonnucleoside RT inhibitor mutations accounted for 55, 46, and 66%, respectively, of sequences with drug resistance mutations. Characterization of the phenotypic and clinical significance of these common patterns may lead to improved treatment recommendations for a large proportion of patients for whom antiretroviral therapy is failing.
Weights of individual cusps in operatively-excised congenitally bicuspid stenotic aortic valves.

We weighed each cusp separately in 200 operatively excised stenotic congenitally bicuspid aortic valves. It was found in 152 patients (76%) that the cusps differed (by >0.2 g) in weight and in 48 patients (24%) that the cusps were of similar (a ≤0.2 g difference) weights. In 161 of the 200 patients (80%), raphes were present in 1 cusp; the raphe and nonraphe cusps differed in weight in 120 patients (74%), with the raphe cusps being larger in 89 patients (74%), and were of similar weights in 41 patients (26%). Of the 39 patients with raphes in neither cusp, 32 cusps (82%) differed in weight and 7 (18%) were of similar weights. The weight of each cusp differed more as the total valve weights increased.
Evidence that carbide precipitation produces hydrogen traps in Ni-17Cr-8Fe alloys

• 1. Carbide precipitation produces grain boundary hydrogen trap sites in both wrought and welded Ni-17Cr-8Fe alloys. • 2. Mill annealing (<lOOO °C) produces strong trap sites (~55 KJ/mol binding energy) capable of retaining relatively large amounts (~1.8 ppm) of hydrogen while sensitization (6OO °C/24hrs) produces weaker traps (19–28 KJ/mol binding energy) which dissolve less hydrogen (~1 ppm) relative to the mill annealed material. The difference in the trap sites may be related to the predominant type of carbide (M7C3 in mill annealed vs. M23C6 in sensitized). • 3. Correlation of grain boundary trapping with SCC behavior in high temperature deaerated water suggests that the strong grain boundary hydrogen traps present in the mill annealed material are beneficial to the intergranular SCC of Ni-Cr-Fe alloys.
Application of a linear free energy relationship to crystalline solids of MO2 and M(OH)4

Abstract In this letter, a linear free energy relationship developed by Sverjensky and Molling is used to predict the Gibbs free energies of formation of crystalline phases of M 4+ O 2 and M 4+ (OH) 4 from the known thermodynamic properties of aqueous tetravalent cations (M 4+ ). The modified Sverjensky and Molling equation for tetravalent cations is expressed as ΔG f,M v X 0 = a M v X ΔG n,M 4+ 0 + b M v X + β M v X r M 4+ , where the coefficients a M v X , b M v X and β M v X characterize a particular structural family of M v X, r M 4+ is the ionic radius of M 4+ cation, ΔG f,M v X 0 is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of M v X, and ΔG n,M 4+ 0 is the standard non-solvation energy of cation M 4+ . By fitting the equation to the existing thermodynamic data, the coefficients in the equation for the MO 2 family minerals are estimated to be: a M v X =0.670, β M v X =32 (kcal/mol A), and b =−430.02 (kcal/mol). The constrained relationship can be used to predict the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of crystalline phases and fictive phases (i.e., phases which are thermodynamically unstable and do not occur at standard conditions) within the isostructural families of M 4+ O 2 and M 4+ (OH) 4 if the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of the tetravalent cations are known.
Expectations for and precursors to leaving home in young women

Leaving the parental home is a primary transition for adolescents as they become independent adults. Examinations of young women's adjustment at different phases of the transition from college and the effects on family relations of returning home in young adulthood suggest that the transition to adulthood is not necessarily stressful for most individuals.
Suspect personality, police interrogations, and false confessions: Maybe it is not just the situation

We empirically examined whether individual personality differences exist between people who falsely confess and internalize responsibility for an incident and those who do not. After completing personality inventories assessing authoritarianism, locus of control, interaction anxiousness, and fear of negative evaluation, as well as the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2), participants completed the Kassin and Kiechel (1996) computer paradigm for eliciting false confessions. Overall, 81.6% of the 98 participants confessed to and 59.2% internalized responsibility for the incident. Although none of the personality variables related to participant false confessions, locus of control, interaction anxiousness and authoritarianism all differed as a function of internalization.
Device Failure Analysis and Corrective Action Feedback to Process Control

The failure mechanism defined as an oxide integrity defect in an integrated circuit is covered. A step-by-step analysis is discussed from pinholes in the oxide until the real failure mechanism is revealed. All interim process control changes which further delineated the real problem are discussed. These include double-masking, double KMER process, additional cleanliness requirements, etc. The final recognition of the oxide integrity defect failure mechanism is discussed in detail. The joint plans-of-action between Autonetics and the various suppliers are outlined. The test plans originated are discussed, and the results are indicated in general terms and the courses of action taken by the suppliers. Included are test techniques by the suppliers to further outline the corrective action regarding the fabrication process and, where possible, the actual final agreed-to position taken. Included are the courses taken by the supplier regarding measurement techniques to be implemented to prevent further processing of defective materials as well as ultimate delivery to Autonetics. A detailed analysis is made of the failure analysis technique used by Autonetics to uncover the actual oxide integrity defect. Discussion of the effects of electrical overstress to the device is described, and the feasibility of dielectric breakdown testing is outlined. A study is made of the correlation of the failure analysis done by the suppliers and by Autonetics. A study is also reported regarding circuit application and analysis results made by Autonetics to further define the actual failure mechanism.
Fixing bones before birth

Prenatal mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation for treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) has been reported in a human fetus.[1][1] In this issue of Blood , Guillot and colleagues present experimental validation of this approach by demonstrating improvement in the phenotype of the oim mouse
Internet health information seeking is a team sport: Analysis of the Pew Internet Survey

Abstract Background Previous studies examining characteristics of Internet health information seekers do not distinguish between those who only seek for themselves, and surrogate seekers who look for health information for family or friends. Identifying the unique characteristics of surrogate seekers would help in developing Internet interventions that better support these information seekers. Objective To assess differences between self seekers versus those that act also as surrogate seekers. Methods We analyzed data from the cross-sectional Pew Internet and American Life Project November/December 2008 health survey. Our dependent variable was self-report of type of health information seeking (surrogate versus self seeking). Independent variables included demographics, health status, and caregiving. After bivariate comparisons, we then developed multivariable models using logistic regression to assess characteristics associated with surrogate seeking. Results Out of 1250 respondents who reported seeking health information online, 56% ( N =705) reported being surrogate seekers. In multivariable models, compared with those who sought information for themselves only, surrogate seekers were more likely both married and a parent (OR=1.57, CI=1.08, 2.28), having good (OR=2.05, CI=1.34, 3.12) or excellent (OR=2.72, CI=1.70, 4.33) health status, being caregiver of an adult relative (OR=1.76, CI=1.34, 2.30), having someone close with a serious medical condition (OR=1.62, CI=1.21, 2.17) and having someone close to them facing a chronic illness (OR=1.55, CI=1.17, 2.04). Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that information needs of surrogate seekers are not being met, specifically of caregivers. Additional research is needed to develop new functions that support surrogate seekers.
Rescue of a Trafficking Defective Human Pacemaker Channel via a Novel Mechanism ROLES OF Src, Fyn, AND Yes TYROSINE KINASES

Therapeutic strategies such as using channel blockers and reducing culture temperature have been used to rescue some long QT-associated voltage-gated potassium Kv trafficking defective mutant channels. A hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated HCN4 pacemaker channel mutant (D553N) has been recently found in a patient associated with cardiac arrhythmias including long QT. D553N showed the defective trafficking to the cell surface, leading to little ionic current expression (loss-of-function). We show in this report that enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by Src, Fyn, and Yes kinases was able to restore the surface expression of D553N for normal current expression. Src or Yes, but not Fyn, significantly increased the current density and surface expression of D553N. Fyn accelerated the activation kinetics of the rescued D553N. Co-expression of D553N with Yes exhibited the slowest activation kinetics of D553N. Src, Fyn, and Yes significantly enhanced the tyrosine phosphorylation of D553N. A combination of Src, Fyn, and Yes rescued the current expression and the gating of D553N comparable with those of wild-type HCN4. In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel mechanism using three endogenous Src kinases to rescue a trafficking defective HCN4 mutant channel (D553N) by enhancing the tyrosine phosphorylation of the mutant channel protein.
Predictors of thought rebound

Individual differences in the paradoxical thought rebound effect (increased thought expression following attempted thought suppression) were examined in two studies. In these two studies, the majority of Ss did not evidence thought rebound and, in both studies, it was found that a measure of thought rebound was correlated with other variables. In Study 1, a four-factor regression model predicted thought rebound (R2 = 0.1477). The significant predictors were: (1) ACT Composite (higher ACT predicted more rebound); (2) gender, (3) thought intrusion frequency during suppression; and (4) the interaction of gender and thought intrusion frequency (for male Ss only, more thought intrusions during suppression predicted more rebound). In Study 2, a replication regression model (R2 = 0.1408) cross-validated the ACT effect observed in Study 1. A Study 2 extension model (R2 = 0.2154) found the following significant predictors of thought rebound: (1) obsessionality (less obsessionality predicted more rebound); (2) trait anxiety (less anxiety predicted more rebound); (3) race (whites rebounded more than blacks); (4) gender; (5) 16 PF independence; and (6) the interaction of gender and 16 PF independence (for male Ss only, more independence predicted more rebound). The implications of these results for thought rebound theory are discussed.
Clinical knowledge base development for preterm-birth risk assessment

Abstract The director of the National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR) challenged nurse scientists to develop substantive content in nursing knowledge domains and called for NCNR funding priorities to include both prevention of low-birth-weight infants and information system technologies (Hinshaw, 1989) . To address this challenge, this study was the first in an ongoing program of informatics research in which artificial intelligence technology, called “machine learning,” was used to develop and describe a knowledge base for preterm-birth risk assessment. This research should improve outcomes for childbearing families through the development of a knowledge base that provides improved decision support for nurses' preterm risk assessment. Accurate assessment of preterm-birth risk will permit intervention with appropriate educational programs, bed rest, and early symptom management to prolong gestation. Review of the literature found no conceptual or theoretical models of preterm birth risk. The lack of conceptual and theoretical models of preterm-birth risk may account for poor reliability and validity of existing preterm-birth risk screening instruments (Nunnally, 1978) . Existing preterm risk screening instruments include factors that are not valid predictors of preterm-birth risk and fail to include factors reported in the literature that may be valid predictors of preterm birth (Alexander, Weiss, Hulsey, & Papiernik, 1991; Lockwood et al., 1991; Woolery, 1992) . Although existing instruments are not adequately predictive of preterm risk, current preterm birth prevention programs use these invalid, unreliable tools to intervene with pregnant women on a daily basis. The outcomes where a women is incorrectly assessed “low risk” for preterm birth may result in preterm birth and delivery of an infant that dies or that requires expensive high technology to survive. The outcomes where a women is assessed “high risk” but does not actually manifest preterm birth may result in extra prenatal visits and more contact with perinatal nurses and physicians to provide education and assessment. However, the expense involved in extra prenatal visits is minimal compared with the costs of high technology and infant morbidity and mortality, resulting in a trend that increasingly treats all pregnant women as if they were “high risk” for preterm birth. Solutions to this problem may be found using machine-learning technology.
Creating Periodic Three-Dimensional Structures by Multibeam Interference of Visible Laser

Face-centered cubiclike lattices with periods of 0.9 μm were created by interference of multiple visible laser beams on photosensitive epoxy. Defect-free porous structures were obtained in an area ...
Novel Mechanism of Protein Kinase C Inhibition Involving the Pseudosubstrate Region by Secalonic Acid D in Vitro

Abstract Evidence from studies in mice suggests a mechanistic role for the inhibition of conventional isoforms of protein kinase C (cPKC) in the development of cleft palate (CP) in the offspring of female mice treated with the mycotoxin, secalonic acid D (SAD). These experiments were aimed at assessing whether SAD inhibits commercially available pure cPKC (PKCα, -β, -γ) and at identifying the mechanism of such an inhibition in vitro. Secalonic acid D inhibited the three isozymes similarly (IC50 of 5 to 6.2 μM by direct extrapolation and 2.7 to 4 μM by logarithmic regression). The loss of inhibitory effect of SAD upon removal of the regulatory domain of PKCβII, the most predominant cPKC in the palate, suggested that the inhibition was mediated by the regulatory subunit. Kinetic analysis suggested a lack of competitive interaction for SAD with the binding sites for Ca 2+ and phosphatidyl serine (PS). Antibody directed against residues 19–32 of the pseudosubstrate region of PKCβII, however, competitively reversed the inhibition of PKCβII by SAD, suggesting that the pseudosubstrate is the site of interaction of SAD. Further, SAD inhibited the cleavage of the pseudosubstrate from PKCβII by the endoproteinase Arg-C. The fact that the activity of Arg-C itself was not inhibited by SAD suggests that SAD interferes with the preceding step involving the cofactor-induced release of the pseudosubstrate from the active site of PKCβII, a novel mechanism.
Advancing practice and research: creating evidence-based summaries on measuring nursing-sensitive patient outcomes.

As pressure to improve the quality and safety of healthcare delivery continues, debates have ensued regarding which measures are sensitive to or affected by individual providers, technology, and healthcare systems (Doran, 2003). Outcomes must be identifi ed uniformly and systematically to provide patients and consumers the information they need to make informed choices about their care. Healthcare professionals are obligated to collect patient outcomes data to identify problems with care, evaluate interventions, and improve the quality of care (Donabedian, 1966). Oncology nurses must document patient outcomes data. In 2003, the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) Steering Council recognized the unique challenges of identifying, measuring, and ultimately improving outcomes for patients with cancer. The ONS Oncology Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes (ONSO) Project Team (see Figure 1) began the important work of describing nursing-sensitive outcomes, defi ned as “the results directly attributable to nursing care and the provision of nursing services or achieved in collaboration with other healthcare providers” (ONSO Project Team, 2003). The product of this initial work was a classifi cation scheme for outcomes that are impacted by oncology nurses. Categories included • Symptom experience • Functional status • Safety (preventable adverse events) • Psychological distress • Economic. Advancing Practice and Research: Creating Evidence-Based Summaries on Measuring Nursing-Sensitive Patient Outcomes
On reducing subspaces for one-electron dirac operators

A domain is specified for formal one-electron Dirac operators. It is shown presently that on this domain each of these operators admits a complete family of reducing subspaces. It is shown in the following paper that on this domain most of the physically interesting operators are essentially self-adjoint.
Primary or pseudohyperparathyroidism

Abstract A patient is presented with hypercalcemia and concomitant renal-cell carcinoma and parathyroid adenoma. Hypercalcemia which persisted following removal of the renal carcinoma, however, promptly responded to parathyroidectomy. Differential points between primary hyperparathyroidism and ectopic or pseudohyperparathyroidism are discussed.
LIMITATIONS AND INDICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE THYROID WITH RADIOACTIVE IODINE

THE conventional treatment of a tumor by destructive ionizing radiation is based upon a selective sensitivity of tumor tissue as compared to normal tissue. The treatment of diseased thyroid tissue by radiation from radioiodine is based upon selective concentration of iodine by functioning thyroid tissue. In the former instance tissue sensitivity is the allimportant consideration. In the latter instance tissue concentration of the radioactive iodine is the sine qua non of treatment. The thyroid avidity for a single element, i.e., iodine, makes it unique among all tissues because of its capacity to concentrate radioactive isotopes in amounts which can be partially to totally destructive to this organ. This is amply demonstrated in the reports from many clinics on the successful treatment of Graves' disease with radioiodine (1, 2, 3, 4). There are also reports (5, 6, 7) of selected cancers of the thyroid which concentrated enough radioactive iodine to exert a cancericidal effect on the tumors.
Solution of the N-Body Problem with Recurrent Power Series

A Recurrent Power Series solution is given for the classicalN-body problem. The application to numerical integration is also pointed out.
Inhibition of peptide bond formation by cytidyl derivatives of puromycin.

Abstract Preparation of cytidine -2′(3′)-P-5′- puromycin mixed isomers as well as cytidine 3′-P-5′- puromycin and cytidine -2′-P-5′- puromycin are described. The ability of these substances to inhibit amino acid incorporation in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from rabbit reticulocytes has been determined over a wide range of concentration. On the basis of the concentration required to produce 50 % inhibition of amino acid incorporation, cytidine -3′-P-5′- puromycin was approximately 7 times more potent than puromycin itself. Cytidine -2′-P-5′- puromycin , on the other hand, was 22 times less effective than puromycin. The implications of these results regarding the substrate specificity of peptidyl transferase and the ribosomal acceptor site are discussed.
Rapidly convergent phase-retrieval strategy for use with reflected laser light

An approach for wave-front sensing using reflected laser light from a rough object is proposed. Light from a single laser beam is split into two beams, and the beams are launched from spatially separated apertures to illuminate an object. The reflected laser light is measured in the pupil plane of a receive telescope and in a plane conjugate to the object. By modulation of one of the two illuminator beams, the intensity pattern associated with each beam, as well as the field cross product of the two beams, is measured in each plane. A phase-retrieval algorithm is formulated by using projections onto constraint sets to recover the complex field associated with each illuminator. The algorithm is found to converge rapidly to the correct solution, particularly when compared with the convergence rates of more conventional phase-retrieval approaches. The new algorithm exhibits excellent performance in strong scintillation and is very tolerant to noise, exhibiting only a very small noise gain.
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective: To review the data demonstrating that central nervous system, pulmonary, and hepatic dysfunctions during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have similar laboratory correlates and clinical outcomes, suggesting that they are individual organ manifestations of a systemic disorder at presentation, a disorder similar to the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome seen in other populations of critically ill patients. Data Sources and Study Selection: Reports of clinical research studies on the natural history and laboratory correlates of central nervous system, pulmonary, and hepatic dysfunction (generally manifesting as the syndrome of hepatic veno-occlusive disease) during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Data Extraction and Synthesis: During hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, pulmonary dysfunction (manifesting as hypoxia), central nervous system dysfunction (detected by alteration of the Mini-Mental Status Exam), and hepatic dysfunction (presenting as the syndrome of hepatic veno-occlusive disease) are all associated with significant decreases in the levels of antithrombin III and protein C and an increase in the platelet transfusion requirement. Each of these three organ dysfunctions is associated with a high likelihood of being followed by the other two and, eventually, death. Patients with these organ dysfunctions have higher levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-« than patients who never develop these complications. Mortality rates for patients with these organ dysfunctions vary from 15% in patients with only one organ dysfunction to 100% in patients who have progressed to all three. Patients who develop none of these organ dysfunctions have a mortality rate that approaches zero. Conclusions: Central nervous system, pulmonary, and hepatic dysfunctions are intimately involved in the mortal complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Because these organ dysfunctions have similar correlates and similar outcomes, the hypothesis that they are individual parts of a systemic disorder is proposed. The additional observation that these organ dysfunctions are associated with abnormally high levels of inflammation-related cytokines raises the possibility that their pathogenesis is similar to that of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in other populations of critically ill patients.
A theoretical study of (N2O)2+, (CO2)2+ and N2O+CO2. Comparison of the two-center—three-electron bond and the ion—dipole complex

Abstract The binding energy of the (CO 2 ) 2 + , (N 2 O) 2 + and N 2 O + CO 2 complexes were calculated at the MP4/6-31G * //6-31G * and MP2/6-31+G * levels for two alternative structures. In one structure the positive charge is distributed evenly over both moieties, which leads to a two-center—three-electron (2c-3e) bonding interaction. In the other, one moiety carries the positive charge, which leads to an ion—dipole interaction. In the (CO 2 ) 2 + dimer the 2c-3e interaction is predicted to be 6 kcal mol −1 stronger than the ion—dipole interaction while in the (N 2 O) 2 + dimer the 2c-3e interaction is 9 kcal mol −1 stronger. The binding energy of the (CO 2 ) 2 + dimer is in good agreement with experiment, but the binding energy of (N 2 O) 2 + is overestimated by ≈6 kcal mol −1 .
Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell size is reduced in bipolar disorder.

1. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are neurodevelopmental disorders with significant genetic vulnerabilities. Several trophic genes and/or proteins have been implicated in the causation for both disorders. 2. We hypothesized that these genes and/or proteins may impact neuronal growth in both disorders. 3. Hippocampal tissue sections from CA1 area of schizophrenic, bipolar, depressed, and controls subjects, matched for age, sex, PMI, drug exposure, and brain pH were prepared for cell size determination using the Stanley Medical Research Foundation postmortem brain collection. 4. Quantification of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron size showed a significant 12% reduction in cell size (p < 0.05) in bipolar subjects vs. controls. There were nonsignificant trends for reduction in cell size in both schizophrenic and depressed subjects vs. controls. 5. These results indicate for the first time that pyramidal cell atrophy is present in hippocampus of subjects with bipolar disorder.
Persisting Murine Cytomegalovirus Can Reactivate and Has Unique Transcriptional Activity in Ocular Tissue

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is an important ocular complication in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals and the leading cause of blindness in those not undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy. Murine CMV (MCMV) infection of mice has been shown to be a useful small-animal model for the study of CMV pathogenesis in the eye. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CMV persistence in ocular tissue and to determine the potential for reactivation. Following subretinal inoculation of immunocompetent BALB/c mice, tissues were tested for infectious virus by plaque assay and for the presence of viral DNA and RNA by PCR. The latent phase of the infection in mouse tissues was analyzed by plaque assay, PCR, and explantation cocultivation in both immunocompetent and cyclophosphamide-treated mice. The acute phase of the infection was resolved by 2 to 3 weeks postinfection, while viral DNA persisted beyond 12 months. Immediate-early 1 transcripts were detected in 100% of the ocular samples tested, and glycoprotein H transcripts were detected in 86% of the samples, but no difference in viral DNA or RNA levels between immunocompetent and immunosuppressed animals was measured. Irrespective of immune status, no in vivo reactivation was detected; however, reactivated virus was observed in 76 to 82% of the eyes following explantation onto a permissive cell layer. The transcriptional activity and relatively high frequency of explantation-induced reactivation in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice suggest that control of MCMV latency in ocular tissue might involve other regulatory events that are not entirely dependent on intact specific immunity.
Is there a role for pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin and fenofibrate in the metabolic syndrome and prediabetes

Evaluation of: Krysiak R, Gdula-Dymek A, Bachowski R, Okopien B. Pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin and fenofibrate in metabolic syndrome and different types of prediabetes. Diabetes Care 33(10), 2266–2270 (2010).The beneficial use of fibrates and statins has been observed in previous studies among patients with dyslipidemia, including those with glucose metabolism abnormalities. The paper under evaluation highlights these benefits and provides insight. Specifically, these findings are observed in patients who have prediabetes and metabolic syndrome (MS), and are taking atorvastatin or fenofibrate. The paper documents that both drugs have multiple pleiotropic effects on MS patients. Furthermore, these effects may be determined by prediabetes type. The results strengthen previous knowledge and offer new understanding, as no previous study has investigated whether the type of prediabetes can determine extra-lipid effects and cardiovascular risk factors in MS patients.
The Valence of Dreams Reported by Type A-B College Students:

The valences of the dreams reported by Type A (n = 39) and Type B (n = 42) undergraduates were examined. Consistent with the view that in part the manifest content of the dream may reflect attempts to manage stress, the Type A students were significantly more likely than the Type B students, to report disturbing dreams.
Spectroscopic Evidence of Keto-enol Tautomerism in Deliquesced Malonic Acid Particles

Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy combined with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM/NEXAFS) and optical microscopy coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) have been applied to observe hygroscopic growth and chemical changes in malonic acid particles deposited on substrates. The extent of the hygroscopic growth of particles has been quantified in terms of the corresponding water-to-solute ratios (WSR) based on STXM/NEXAFS and micro-FTIR data sets. WSR values derived separately from two applied methods displayed a remarkable agreement with previous data reported in the literature. Comparison of NEXAFS and FTIR spectra acquired at different relative humidity (RH) shows efficient keto-enol tautomerization of malonic acid, with the enol form dominating at higher RH. The keto-enol equilibrium constants were calculated using relevant peak intensities in the carbon and oxygen K-edge NEXAFS spectra as a function of RH. We report strong dependence of the equilibrium constant on RH, with measured values of 0.18 ± 0.03, 1.11 ± 0.14, and 2.33 ± 0.37 corresponding to 2, 50, and 90% RH, respectively. Enols are important intermediates in aldol condensation reactions pertaining to formation and atmospheric aging of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The present knowledge assumes that constituents of atmospheric deliquesced particles undergo aqueous chemistry with kinetic and equilibrium constants analogous to reactions in bulk solutions, which would estimate absolute dominance of the keto form of carboxylic acids. For instance, the keto-enol equilibrium constant of malonic acid in diluted aqueous solution is <10(-4). Our results suggest that in deliquesced micrometer-size particles, carboxylic acids may exist in predominantly enol forms that need to be explicitly considered in atmospheric aerosol chemistry.
Visual latencies at photopic levels of retinal illuminance

Latency differences as a function of binocular differences in retinal illuminance have been reported. A single function relating absolute latency to intensity has been derived from this data by a method based on a model of the effects of adaptation on the sensitivity of the Limulus visual receptor. The derived function is highly similar to one previously reported. The magnitude of the derived latencies corresponds to that of the ERGa-wave and suggests that the retinal process studied may be a receptor event.