cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cvek pulpotomy - revisited.

Background/Aim While some studies support the notion that the time elapsed from coronal fracture and treatment with Cvek pulpotomy in permanent teeth plays an important role in minimizing the possibility of pain and discomfort, microbial pulp invasion, and ensuring pulp and periodontal healing, others consider that neither time between the accident and treatment nor size of exposure is critical if the inflamed superficial pulp tissue is amputated to the level of a healthy pulp. This study compares published data in an attempt to assess whether the outcome of Cvek pulpotomies is affected by these factors. Results and conclusions Evidence in the literature suggests to treat a permanent tooth with a complicated crown fracture as soon as possible to diminish the possibility of pain and prevent necrosis and infection of the pulp. Delay of treatment by 9 days or less may have minimal effect on the outcome of Cvek pulpotomies. While the literature indicates that pulp exposures of 4 mm or less may have a good prognosis after a Cvek pulpotomy, the prognosis in teeth with pulp exposures of more than 4 mm has not yet been clarified. Although the literature is not conclusive regarding a difference in the outcomes of Cvek pulpotomies in teeth with open or closed apices, it appears that teeth with open apices have a better prognosis. The outcome of a Cvek pulpotomy may be compromised by a luxation injury that diminishes the tooth's blood supply and innervation. A good restoration that prevents bacterial penetration into the tooth is essential for the success of a Cvek pulpotomy.
TH-EF-207A-06: High-Resolution Optical-CT/ECT Imaging of Unstained Mice Femur, Brain, Spleen, and Tumor

Purpose: Optical transmission and emission computed tomography (optical-CT/ECT) provides high-resolution 3D attenuation and emission maps in unsectioned large (∼1cm3) ex vivo tissue samples at a resolution of 12.9µm3 per voxel. Here we apply optical-CT/ECT to investigate high-resolution structure and auto-fluorescence in a range of optically cleared mice organs, including, for the first time, mouse bone (femur), opening the potential for study of bone metastasis and bone-mediated immune response. Methods: Three BALBc mice containing 4T1 flank tumors were sacrificed to obtain spleen, brain, tumor, and femur. Tissues were washed in 4% PFA, fixed in EtOH solution (for 5, 10, 10, and 2 days respectively), and then optically cleared for 3 days in BABBs. The femur was also placed in 0.25M aqueous EDTA for 15–30 days to remove calcium. Optical-CT/ECT attenuation and emission maps at 633nm (the latter using 530nm excitation light) were obtained for all samples. Bi-telecentric optical-CT was compared side-by-side with conventional optical projection tomography (OPT) imaging to evaluate imaging capability of these two rival techniques. Results: Auto-fluorescence mapping of femurs reveals vasculatures and fluorescence heterogeneity. High signals (A.U.=10) are reported in the medullary cavity but not in the cortical bone (A.U.=1). The brain strongly and uniform auto-fluoresces (A.U.=5). Thick, optically dense organs such as the spleen and the tumor (0.12, 0.46OD/mm) are reconstructed at depth without significant loss of resolution, which we attribute to the bi-telecentric optics of optical-CT. The attenuation map of tumor reveals vasculature, attenuation heterogeneity, and possibly necrotic tissue. Conclusion: We demonstrate the feasibility of optical-CT/ECT imaging of un-sectioned mice bones (femurs) and spleen with high resolution. This result, and the characterization of unstained organs, are important steps enabling future studies involving optical-CT/ECT applied to study metastasis and immunologic responses via fluorescence staining.
Anti-CD48 Monoclonal Antibody Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Limiting the Number of Pathogenic CD4+ T Cells.

CD48 (SLAMF2) is an adhesion and costimulatory molecule constitutively expressed on hematopoietic cells. Polymorphisms in CD48 have been linked to susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS), and altered expression of the structurally related protein CD58 (LFA-3) is associated with disease remission in MS. We examined CD48 expression and function in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. We found that a subpopulation of CD4 + T cells highly upregulated CD48 expression during EAE and were enriched for pathogenic CD4 + T cells. These CD48 ++ CD4 + T cells were predominantly CD44 + and Ki67 + , included producers of IL-17A, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ, and were most of the CD4 + T cells in the CNS. Administration of anti-CD48 mAb during EAE attenuated clinical disease, limited accumulation of lymphocytes in the CNS, and reduced the number of pathogenic cytokine-secreting CD4 + T cells in the spleen at early time points. These therapeutic effects required CD48 expression on CD4 + T cells but not on APCs. Additionally, the effects of anti-CD48 were partially dependent on FcγRs, as anti-CD48 did not ameliorate EAE or reduce the number of cytokine-producing effector CD4 + T cells in Fcer1γ −/− mice or in wild-type mice receiving anti-CD16/CD32 mAb. Our data suggest that anti-CD48 mAb exerts its therapeutic effects by both limiting CD4 + T cell proliferation and preferentially eliminating pathogenic CD48 ++ CD4 + T cells during EAE. Our findings indicate that high CD48 expression is a feature of pathogenic CD4 + T cells during EAE and point to CD48 as a potential target for immunotherapy.
Arktocara yakataga, a new fossil odontocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Oligocene of Alaska and the antiquity of Platanistoidea

The diversification of crown cetacean lineages (i.e., crown Odontoceti and crown Mysticeti) occurred throughout the Oligocene, but it remains an ongoing challenge to resolve the phylogenetic pattern of their origins, especially with respect to stem lineages. One extant monotypic lineage, Platanista gangetica (the Ganges and Indus river dolphin), is the sole surviving member of the broader group Platanistoidea, with many fossil relatives that range from Oligocene to Miocene in age. Curiously, the highly threatened Platanista is restricted today to freshwater river systems of South Asia, yet nearly all fossil platanistoids are known globally from marine rocks, suggesting a marine ancestry for this group. In recent years, studies on the phylogenetic relationships in Platanistoidea have reached a general consensus about the membership of different sub-clades and putative extinct groups, although the position of some platanistoid groups (e.g., Waipatiidae) has been contested. Here we describe a new genus and species of fossil platanistoid, Arktocara yakataga, gen. et sp. nov. from the Oligocene of Alaska, USA. The type and only known specimen was collected from the marine Poul Creek Formation, a unit known to include Oligocene strata, exposed in the Yakutat City and Borough of Southeast Alaska. In our phylogenetic analysis of stem and node-based Platanistoidea, Arktocara falls within the node-based sub-clade Allodelphinidae as the sister taxon to Allodelphis pratti. With a geochronologic age between ∼29–24 million years old, Arktocara is among the oldest crown Odontoceti, reinforcing the long-standing view that the diversification for crown lineages must have occurred no later than the early Oligocene.
Focal colors across languages are representative members of color categories

Focal colors, or best examples of color terms, have traditionally been viewed as either the underlying source of cross-language color-naming universals or derived from category boundaries that vary widely across languages. Existing data partially support and partially challenge each of these views. Here, we advance a position that synthesizes aspects of these two traditionally opposed positions and accounts for existing data. We do so by linking this debate to more general principles. We show that best examples of named color categories across 112 languages are well-predicted from category extensions by a statistical model of how representative a sample is of a distribution, independently shown to account for patterns of human inference. This model accounts for both universal tendencies and variation in focal colors across languages. We conclude that categorization in the contested semantic domain of color may be governed by principles that apply more broadly in cognition and that these principles clarify the interplay of universal and language-specific forces in color naming.
Gadolinium toxicity and treatment

Gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCAs) play an important role in the diagnostic evaluation of many patients. The safety of these agents has been once again questioned after gadolinium deposits were observed and measured in brain and bone of patients with normal renal function. This retention of gadolinium in the human body has been termed "gadolinium storage condition". The long-term and cumulative effects of retained gadolinium in the brain and elsewhere are not as yet understood. Recently, patients who report that they suffer from chronic symptoms secondary to gadolinium exposure and retention created gadolinium-toxicity on-line support groups. Their self-reported symptoms have recently been published. Bone and joint complaints, and skin changes were two of the most common complaints. This condition has been termed "gadolinium deposition disease". In this review we will address gadolinium toxicity disorders, from acute adverse reactions to GBCAs to gadolinium deposition disease, with special emphasis on the latter, as it is the most recently described and least known.
Exploring the impact of trauma on the physical health of police officers: A survey on European police trainers

M has been written in the scientific literature about the impact of trauma on the physical health of war veterans (e.g., Andersen et al., 2010; Pizarro, Silver, & Prause, 2006). Moreover, Violanti et al. (2007) found that traumatized police officers present higher levels of cortisol secretion. Chronic secretion of cortisol may lead to physical health difficulties such as misuse of alcohol and drugs, anxiety sensitivity, depression, memory, and threat-related decision making among active-duty police officers (Asmundson & Stapleton, 2008; Austin-Ketch et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2010). Moreover, traumatized police officers experience sleep disturbances, nightmares, fatigue, headaches, changes in appetite, and exaggerated startle response (Cross & Ashley, 2004; Mohr et al., 2003; Rajaratnam et al., 2011). Authors of this study conducted a survey on European police trainers in order to explore to what extent European police trainers are cognizant of the extant scientific literature that describes the impact of trauma on police officers’ physical health. Authors aim to identify possible ways, if any, that European police trainers have incorporated or are willing to incorporate findings about health in their work with police trainees/cadets during the training process. Findings of this survey will enable us to examine if it is possible to use police training as a “vehicle” for the education of police officers about the connection between trauma and physical health. Based on the research findings, we will make recommendations to police trainers, encouraging them to include such issues in their training curricula benefiting their trainees and helping them become aware of the connection between mental and physical health. We aim to develop guidelines for preventive policy programs that support officer’s in processing and healing from trauma exposure and provide the pathways by which officers would be able to seek medical and psychological help whenever they need it. Konstantinos Papazoglou, J Forensic Res 2013, 4:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.011
Dual-polarization X-band phased array weather radar: Technology update

A Raytheon-developed dual polarization X-band active phased array radar has been designed and is being tested for use as a multi-mission, weather and surveillance, radar. The radar is optimized for integration into existing networks with the capability of being deployed on existing telecom, turbine or building infrastructures. The partnership between Raytheon and CASA brings together years of expertise to meet future requirements of en route and terminal air surveillance and weather remote sensing. This paper provides an update to this Raytheon dual polarization active phased array radar technology.
Vortex dynamics and superfluid relaxation near the He 4 λ transition

The superfluid relaxation time near the $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ \ensuremath{\lambda} transition is calculated using a vortex-ring theory of the phase transition. The diffusive response of the vortices is found by solving the Fokker-Planck equation, and the resulting relaxation time at low frequencies is in agreement with Landau-Khalatnikov theory and with dynamic scaling. At higher frequencies there is a deviation from the Landau-Khalatnikov form, with both the dissipation and superfluid density remaining finite at ${\mathit{T}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ as the transition broadens at finite frequency.
Initial and Follow‐Up Evaluations of Integrated Psychological Services for Anxiety and Depression in a Safety Net Primary Care Clinic

Objective Despite the recognized importance of integrated behavioral health, particularly in safety net primary care, its effectiveness in real world settings has not been extensively evaluated. This article presents 2 successive studies examining the effectiveness of integrated behavioral care in a safety net setting. Method Study 1 compared the depression and anxiety scores of predominately low-income and minority patients who underwent brief interventions (N = 147) to those of patients from a demographically similar comparison clinic without integrated psychological services, matched on baseline levels of anxiety and depression and length of time between assessments (N = 139). Study 2 did not include a control group but served as a long-term follow-up assessment of anxiety and depression for a subset of 47 patients who finished treatment and could be reached by telephone within 6–18 months of their last session. Results Study 1 found that patients from the clinic with integrated psychology services experienced greater decreases in depression and anxiety scores than patients in the control clinic. These effects did not differ as a function of age, gender, or race. Study 2 found that patients continued to decline in depression and anxiety over time, with lower scores at the last session and even lower scores after longer-term follow-up ranging from 6 to18 months. These improvements remained significant when controlling for other interim mental health treatments. Conclusion These results support the short- and long-term treatment effects of brief primary care behavioral interventions, further strengthening the case for integrated behavioral healthcare in safety net settings.
Overview of Equine Papular and Nodular Dermatoses

Papules and nodules are common lesions on horses and have a variety of underlying causes. This article addresses inflammatory and congenital nodules primarily, including urticaria, erythema multiforme, those nodules caused by infectious agents, epidermoid and dermoid cysts, and the uniquely equine skin tumor, the sarcoid. The eosinophilic nodules and other tumors are covered eleswhere in this issue. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to each of the diseases are emphasized.
Integrated zero-index waveguides

We present small-footprint A λ/2-wide) silicon-based waveguides with an effective index of zero at a wavelength near λ = 1630 nm. We characterize the refractive index using on-chip interferometry and measure the propagation loss to be 1.3 dB/μm.
Copper wetting of α-Al2O3(0001): theory and experiment

XPS studies have been carried out on sputter deposited copper on a substantially hydroxylated {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}(0001) (sapphire) surface under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. XPS-derived Cu uptake curves show a sharp change in slope at a coverage of 0.35 monolayer (on a Cu/O atomic basis), indicative of initial layer-by-layer growth. CU(LMM) lineshape data indicate that, prior to the first break in the curve, Cu is oxidized to Cu(I). At higher coverages, metallic CU(0) is. observed. These data agree with first principles theoretical calculations, indicating that the presence of ad-hydroxyl groups greatly enhances the binding of Cu to bulk sapphire surfaces, stabilizing Cu(I) adatoms over two-dimensional metallic islands. In the absence of hydroxylation, calculations indicate significantly weaker Cu binding to the bulk sapphire substrate and non-wetting. Calculations also predict that at Cu coverages above 1/3 monolayer (ML), Cu-Cu interactions predominate, leading to Cu(0) formation. These results are in excellent agreement with experiment. The ability of surface hydroxyl groups to enhance binding to alumina substrates suggests a reason for contradictory experimental results reported in the literature for Cu wetting of alumina.
The Association of Mammographic Density and Molecular Breast Cancer Subtype

Background: Mammographic density (MD) is associated with increased breast cancer risk, yet limited data exist on an association between MD and breast cancer molecular subtypes.Methods: Women ages 18 years and older with breast cancer and available mammograms between 2003 and 2012 were enrolled in a larger study on MD. MD was classified by the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification and by volumetric breast percent density (Volpara Solutions). Subtype was assigned by hormone receptor status, tumor grade, and mitotic score (MS). Subtypes included: Luminal-A (ER/PR+ and grade = 1; ER/PR+ and grade = 2 and MS = 1; ER+/PR- and grade = 1; n = 233); Luminal-B (ER+ and grade = 3 or MS = 3; ER+/PR- and grade = 2; ER/PR+ and grade = 2 and MS = 2; n = 79); Her-2-neu+ (H2P; n = 59); triple-negative (ER/PR-, Her-2-; n = 86). Precancer factors including age, race, body mass index (kg/m2), family history of breast cancer, and history of lobular carcinoma in situ were analyzed.Results: A total of 604 patients had invasive cancer; 457 had sufficient information for analysis. Women with H2P tumors were younger (P = 0.011) and had the highest volumetric percent density (P = 0.002) among subgroups. Multinomial logistic regression (LA = reference) demonstrated that although quantitative MD does not significantly differentiate between all subtypes (P = 0.123), the association between MD and H2P tumors is significant (OR = 1.06; confidence interval, 1.01-1.12). This association was not seen using BI-RADS classification in bivariable analysis but was statistically significant (P = 0.047) when controlling for other precancer factors.Conclusions: Increased MD is more strongly associated with H2P tumors when compared with LA.Impact: Delineating risk factors specific to breast cancer subtype may promote development of individualized risk prediction models and screening strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(10); 1487-92. ©2017 AACR.
Cyclic peptide conjugate of curcumin and doxorubicin as an anticancer agent

Abstract The hydrophobicity of curcumin creates hurdle towards its use in the anticancer therapy. Herein, we synthesized a curcumin-doxorubicin conjugated cyclic peptide scaffold to improve the solubility of curcumin and create a conjugate containing two anticancer agents. A solid-phase Fmoc/tBu solid phase methodology was used to synthesize a cell-penetrating nuclear targeting peptide with free thiol and amine groups, which was coupled with the activated doxorubicin (Dox) and curcumin, affording Dox-peptide-curcumin conjugate (DPCC) (10). The antiproliferative activity of the conjugate was evaluated in human leukemia carcinoma cell (CCRF-CEM), human ovarian carcinoma cell (SKOV-3), and normal kidney cell line (LLCPK). Cyclic peptide-doxorubicin conjugate (7) and DPCC (10) did not inhibit the proliferation of normal kidney LLCPK cells after 72 h incubation, but were cytotoxic in CCRF-CEM (73% and 41%, respectively) and SKOV-3 (55% and 30%, respectively) cells while Dox was cytotoxic (60–79%) in all three cell lines under similar conditions, suggesting selectivity of these compounds towards cancer cells.
Hymenopterous parasitoids of tea scale and camellia scale in Georgia

During 1983 and 1984, leaves infested with tea scale, Fiorinia theae Green, and camellia scale, Lepidosaphes camelliae Hoke, were collected from Camellia japonica L., C. sasanqua Thunberg, Ilex crenata Thunberg, and I. cornuta ‘burfordii’ Lindley & Paxton at locations in 5 Georgia counties. The parasitoids Aspidiotiphagus n. sp. 1, A. nr. cirtinus (Craw), and Aphytis diaspidis Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were collected. Aspidiotiphagus n. sp. 1 comprised 86% of the collections. The highest number of parasitoids emerging per leaf occurred in early June of 1983 and during September and October of 1983 and 1984.
An Alaska case study: Electrical transmission

Electrical transmission lines in Alaska vary from overhead to submarine to underground installations. Analysis indicates that overhead transmission lines are the least expensive to build, ranging from $100 000 to $400 000/mile. Cost variability is influenced by pole spacing, pole heights, line ratings, river crossings, and the amount of work on energized power lines. Submarine lines and underground lines are substantially more expensive than overhead lines, ranging from less than $3 000 000 to more than $4 500 000/mile although there is some uncertainty in the datasets. When broken down by major cost components, the cost category including materials, construction, and installation comprises just over half of the total costs, with remaining costs distributed among the control system, substation, switchyard, road clearance, indirect costs, and contingencies. Operation and maintenance costs range from $2800/mile to $4200/mile, with an average of $3560/mile. Expected lifetimes are 20–30 years. In general, the...
Development and Feasibility of a Community-Based, Culturally Flexible Colorectal Cancer Prevention Program.

Comprehensive cancer centers are an important community resource for cancer prevention education in their catchment areas. Colorectal cancer remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States, making prevention a priority. Colorectal cancer prevention targets include lifestyle modifications that are influenced by cultural norms, such as diet change, physical activity and screening behavior. Cancer centers must tailor prevention efforts to multiethnic catchment areas. This paper describes the development and feasibility of a comprehensive cancer center’s approach to community-based colorectal cancer prevention in Houston, Texas, specifically targeting Hispanic and Asian populations. Sites were recruited through a city-wide network of partnerships between the community relations department in the hospital and community organizations. The program consisted of three workshop-style classes per community site. Each class had a similar overall structure, but cultural and site-specific adaptations were made for each group. A total of 33 classes were taught at nine distinct community sites to 1054 participants over 9 months. This program structure may be adapted for the future dissemination of other cancer prevention tools to communities in the area.
Assessment of Tdap Vaccination Effectiveness in Adolescents in Integrated Health-Care Systems

Abstract Purpose Despite high national vaccination coverage with tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines among U.S. adolescents, rates of adolescent pertussis disease are increasing. We estimated the duration of protection after Tdap vaccination and the possible effects of the change from whole-cell to acellular childhood pertussis vaccines in the United States during the 1990s. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis among 11- to 18-year-olds enrolled in two integrated health-care delivery systems during 2005–2012. Cases met the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists' confirmed or probable definition or a polymerase chain reaction-positive suspect definition. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) overall and by time since Tdap receipt. We stratified VE estimates by primary series pertussis vaccine received (based on birth year): mixed-vaccine cohort (1987–1997) and acellular vaccine cohort (1998–2001). Results The overall Tdap VE was 57% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42%–68%); the VE in the mixed-vaccine and acellular cohorts was 65% (95% CI: 44%–78%) and 52% (95% CI: 30%–68%), respectively. Tdap VE within p value p value = .04) and acellular cohorts (62%, 95% CI: 41%–76%, and 21%, 95% CI: −30% to 52%; p value = .01). Conclusions Although Tdap vaccination remains the best pertussis prevention method for adolescents, protection wanes within 2 years regardless of the type of childhood primary vaccine. Vaccines with longer duration of protection could decrease pertussis burden.
Remarks on the Schwarz-Christoffel Transformation

In this article we first review the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation, and then touch on a few applications of interest to the author. As usually presented, this transformation maps the disk onto a plane domain, but it is possible to modify the transformation so that the image domain is part of a p-sheeted surface that may have branch points in the interior. This modified transformation has important applications in the theory of multivalent functions. Further we can use the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation to prove that a certain extension of the NoshiroWarschawski theorem is impossible. This article also includes a brief description of five other applications of the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation.
How Students Do Their Division Facts.

texts, NCTM yearbooks, and journal articles. Since many teachers know quite a few students who do not score well on tests of basic facts, the claim might be made that some of this advice has not produced the desired effective results. For the past six years, a special kind of division-facts test has been administered to thousands of third, fourth, and fifth graders in three countries. The results confirm teachers'
A Kinetic Theory for Nonanalog Monte Carlo Algorithms: Exponential Transform with Angular Biasing

A new Boltzmann Monte Carlo (BMC) equation is proposed to describe the transport of Monte Carlo particles governed by a set of nonanalog rules for the transition of space, velocity, and weight. The BMC equation is a kinetic equation that includes weight as an extra independent variable. The solution of the BMC equation is the pointwise distribution of velocity and weight throughout the physical system. The BMC equation is derived for the simulation of a transmitted current, utilizing the exponential transform with angular biasing. The weight moments of the solution of the BMC equation are used to predict the score moments of the transmission current. (Also, it is shown that an adjoint BMC equation can be used for this purpose.) Integrating the solution of the forward BMC equation over space, velocity, and weight, the mean number of flights per history is obtained. This is used to determine theoretically the figure of merit for any choice of biasing parameters. Also, a maximum safe value of the exponential transform parameter is proposed, which ensures the finite variance of variance estimate (sample variance) for any penetration distance. Finally, numerical results that validate the new theory are provided.
SOX Section 404 Material Weaknesses and Shareholder Dissatisfaction with Directors

Given the board of directors’ oversight role with respect to internal control systems, we examine how disclosures of internal control material weaknesses under Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 affect shareholders’ voting in director elections. We find that the presence of material weaknesses is associated with shareholder voting, but the effect varies with the type of director (overall board, managers, and audit committee members), the type of material weakness, and the company’s restatement status. In both the board and manager samples, shareholders react negatively to account balance-level material weaknesses when there is no restatement (directors are possibly sharing the blame for an adverse internal control opinion viewed as unduly harsh in the absence of a restatement) and react negatively to company-level material weaknesses where there is a restatement (this reaction is more negative than for account balance-level weaknesses; thus, directors are possibly sharing the blame for very serious accounting problems). By contrast, regardless of restatement status, audit committee directors are not penalized for material weaknesses, but these directors are penalized for certain restatements. We also find, across all three samples, that shareholders are more satisfied with directors when a Big 4 auditor is in place, but less satisfied when nonaudit fees are higher. Overall, the results provide new insights into the effects of internal control strength, restatements, and auditor quality on shareholder dissatisfaction with directors. We also discuss implications and avenues for future research.
Space, Mobility, and Materiality: Rethinking Notions of Geographic Coherence

The recent spatial turn in the humanities and interpretive social sciences has made us aware of the central importance of place and space in our understanding of our objects of study. But it has not stopped the territorial reorganizations that are rendering geographic coherence unstable and shifting in the academy. As we interrogate the area-studies model and nation-based organizations of knowledge, concepts of circulation, displacement and mobility are gaining currency. My essay focuses on the paradigm of mobility to propose a geographic consciousness that thinks of space in terms of a multi-centered world of circuits and contacts. This system is already producing interesting work that deals with objects, persons and discourses in circulation. The very enterprise of tracing displacements in space (not only objects, of course, but also the mobility of refugees, pilgrims, merchants and many other entities on the go) allows us to discover productive itineraries that are no longer bound to fixed space categories. My essay develops illustrations of this paradigm, and the general theoretical implications of a move away from sedentarism.
The Next Generation of Deep Learning Hardware: Analog Computing

Initially developed for gaming and 3-D rendering, graphics processing units (GPUs) were recognized to be a good fit to accelerate deep learning training. Its simple mathematical structure can easily be parallelized and can therefore take advantage of GPUs in a natural way. Further progress in compute efficiency for deep learning training can be made by exploiting the more random and approximate nature of deep learning work flows. In the digital space that means to trade off numerical precision for accuracy at the benefit of compute efficiency. It also opens the possibility to revisit analog computing, which is intrinsically noisy, to execute the matrix operations for deep learning in constant time on arrays of nonvolatile memories. To take full advantage of this in-memory compute paradigm, current nonvolatile memory materials are of limited use. A detailed analysis and design guidelines how these materials need to be reengineered for optimal performance in the deep learning space shows a strong deviation from the materials used in memory applications.
Gender and preferences for palliative care: Perceptions of efficacy.

34Background: Palliative care is underutilized by patients with cancer. Understanding differences in preferences is critical for promoting access. This study tested the hypothesis that women would ...
A Theory of Minimalist Luxury

In this paper, we study theoretically how luxury goods can signal wealth in the presence of high-quality, low-price counterfeits. We show that when high-quality, low-price counterfeits exist and are visibly indistinguishable from the authentic products, the classic Veblen thesis breaks down where the wealthy outspend the rest through conspicuous, excessive consumption to stand out. Instead, the wealthy may embrace “less is more,” or what we refer to as minimalist luxury to signal their status. More specifically, the wealthy may purposefully restrain from consumption of luxury goods, motivated either by market forces or by difference in consumer preferences, to separate themselves from the mimickers. In other words, “less” is more effective than “excessive” in signaling wealth. We derive this minimalist luxury equilibrium and explore managerial implications of the mechanism through which this equilibrium occurs.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Xanthomonas campestris pv. zinniae Strains

During 1997 and 1998, serious outbreaks of bacterial leaf spot disease were observed on zinnia plants grown in home and commercial gardens in Ohio, USA. Twenty-two strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. zinniae, isolated from diseased zinnia plants and contaminated seeds, were identified based on morphological, physiological and biochemical tests, fatty acid methyl ester analyses and pathogenicity tests on zinnia cv. Scarlet. Host range studies indicated that all of the X. campestris pv. zinniae strains were pathogenic on zinnia and tomato, but not on cabbage, lettuce, pepper and radish. The phenotypic and genotypic relationships among the strains determined based on serological reaction pattern, fatty acid profiles, repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) fingerprints and sequence analysis of the 16S–23S rDNA spacer region suggested that X. campestris pv. zinniae strains were closely related to each other, but clearly distinct from other Xanthomonas species including X. campestris pv. campestris, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, X. vesicatoria and X. hortorum pv. vitians tested in this study. The results also demonstrated that rep-PCR fingerprinting is rapid, reliable and the most practical method for routine detection and identification of X. campestris pv. zinniae strains.
Presuppositions, Attitudes, and Why They Matter

This paper introduces and defends a high-level generalization about the way that presupposition triggers interact with attitude verbs. This generalization tells us a great deal about what an adequa...
The YycFG Two‐Component System As A Regulatory Feedback Loop For The Expression Of Autolysin Activity

The YycFG (aka WalRK) system is present in all aerobic and some aenaerobic Gram-positive organisms of the phylum Firmicutes. This two-component signal transduction system is essential for viability...
Rural-urban differences in HIV viral loads and progression to AIDS among new HIV cases

Objective The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic in the United States has shifted to the South, where an increasing proportion is occurring in rural areas. We sought to gain a better understanding of the affected rural population in this region. Methods The statewide HIV/AIDS Electronic Reporting System database was used to examine the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed HIV cases in South Carolina from 2005 to 2011. Rural-urban differences were examined in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including progression to AIDS and a decline in HIV viral load (VL) to undetectable levels within 1 year of diagnosis. Results Of the 5336 individuals newly diagnosed as having HIV, 1433 (26.9%) were from rural areas. Compared with urban residents, a higher proportion of rural residents were black, non-Hispanic (80.1% vs 68.5%; P ≤ 0.0001) and reported heterosexual risk (28.8% vs 22.9%; P = 0.0007). The proportion of female patients was higher in rural areas (29.7% vs 26.4%; P = 0.016). No significant rural-urban differences were found in initial CD4(+) T-cell and VL counts or proportion obtaining an undetectable VL at 1 year. Rural residents were significantly more likely than urban residents to have AIDS at diagnosis or within 1 year of the HIV diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio 1.15; 95% confidence interval 1.007-1.326). Conclusions The reasons behind differences in proportions of rural and urban residents who were diagnosed as having AIDS or progressed to AIDS despite similar initial CD4(+) T-cell counts and VL suppression at 1 year are unclear and should be explored in future studies. Future prevention and treatment efforts may need to consider the unique characteristics of rural populations in the South.
OsCRS2 encoding a peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase protein is essential for chloroplast development in rice

Chloroplasts are identified as important organelles for photosynthesis, biosynthesis, and storage of metabolites. So far, the molecular regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development remains to be unclear. The chloroplast RNA splicing 2 (CRS2) protein was determined to play a key role in chloroplast development as they affect the splicing of chloroplast gene introns in maize. However, the functions of OsCRS2 in rice chloroplast development have rarely been studied. In this study, oscrs2-1 and oscrs2-2 mutants were obtained to gene function research using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. Both of the mutants displayed an albino seedling phenotype. The OsCRS2 is located in the chloroplast, and is highly expressed in green tissues. OsCRS2 could affect group I and seven group II introns splicing and participate in chloroplast rRNA biogenesis. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that both nuclear-encoded photosynthesis and chloroplast development-related genes expression were significantly reduced in the oscrs2-1 mutant. To conclude, these results suggested that OsCRS2 is necessary for early chloroplast development in rice.
Lower Bound for ppK– Quasi-Bound State Energy

The kaonic cluster $$pp{{K}^{ - }}$$ is described as $$NN\bar {K}({{s}_{{NN}}} = 0)$$ system within the isospin formalism based on the configuration space Faddeev equations. In the model, the isospin singlet $$N\bar {K}$$ state is a deeply bound state associated with $$\Lambda (1405)$$ hyperon. The phenomenological isospin-dependent $$N\bar {K}$$ potentials are used for the calculation of $$pp{{K}^{ - }}$$ quasi-bound state energy. The existence of a lower bound for the energy is shown by theoretical and numerical analysis. In contrast to the isospin formalism based model, the isospinless model obtained by isospin averaging $$N\bar {K}$$ potential is also considered. The results of both models are compared.
“We have achieved great feats…but our struggle is far from over”: Centering caste difference in feminist discourse of the Bodhgaya Land Movement of Bihar, India

Abstract This paper situates ‘difference’ in terms of caste to deepen feminist discourse about the Bodhgaya Land Movement (BGLM) of Bihar, India. Urban, educated, elite activists initially read the BGLM as a successful women's movement because it resulted in landless and marginal peasant women obtaining titles to land. Activists and scholars then saw it as having had only limited success when some of the women passed the land to men in their families. The recollections of Bhuiyan Dalit elders who participated in the BGLM provide a more capacious reading of the movement. Stories of their early history as kamia (bonded laborers), the increased caste violence that accompanied the state's attempts at land reform and redistribution, and their activism in the 1980s show that the movement not only intervened in the patriarchy, caste hierarchy, and other power inequities in the region, but produced a new subjectivity amongst formerly subjugated, disenfranchised people. Accounting for caste difference in women's experiences of the land movement uncovers a complex process of Dalit becoming and belonging. Their narratives push feminist scholars to broaden historical readings of the movement to understand how women who have been involved in social activism may be empowered and gain agency despite an intransigent patriarchy.
A Multicenter Curricular Intervention to Address Resident Knowledge and Perceptions of Personal Finance.

OBJECTIVES We evaluated internal medicine residents' confidence and knowledge of personal finance, perceptions of burnout, and relations between these issues before and after an educational intervention. METHODS We surveyed internal medicine residents at two university-based training programs in 2018. We developed and implemented a curriculum at both sites, covering topics of budgeting, saving for retirement, investment options, and the costs of investing. Each site used the same content but different strategies for dissemination. One used a condensed-form lecture series (two 1-hour sessions) and the other used a microlecture series (four 30-minute sessions) series. Residents were resurveyed following the intervention for comparison. RESULTS The preintervention survey response rate was 41.2% (122/296) and the postintervention response rate was 44.3% (120/271). Postintervention mean scores for personal finance knowledge improved for basic concepts (52.6% vs 39.4%, P < 0.001), mutual fund elements (30.8% vs 19.7%, P < 0.001), investment plans (68.5% vs. 49.2%, P < 0.001), and overall knowledge (50.1% vs 36.1%, P < 0.001). A significantly smaller proportion of residents reported feelings of burnout following the intervention (23.3% vs 36.9%, P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that residents want to learn about finances. Our brief educational intervention is a practical way to improve overall knowledge. Our intervention suggests that improving knowledge of finance may be associated with decreased feelings of burnout.
Psychological Safety in Healthcare: Review of the Past 20 Years & Future Directions

Background: Psychological safety is the key to learning from failures and teaming effectively. The purpose of this study was to explore how the construct of psychological safety has been incorporat...
Solitary Magnetic Bubbles

Stability and attractor property of free-floating axisymmetric magnetic bubbles in high-conductivity plasmas is (tentatively, numerically) demonstrated. The existence of compact non-singular axisymmetric magnetic equilibria is proved. Being attractors, the solitary magnetic bubbles should exist in nature.
Hemorrhage and VEGF Expression in a Case of Primary CNS Lymphoma

Hemorrhage at presentation in primary CNS lymphoma is exceedingly rare. We describe a patient with primary CNS lymphoma who presented with seizures and was found to have an intracerebral hemorrhage which prompted a cerebral angiogram. Ultimately pathologic evaluation of the lesion revealed a highly cellular B-cell lymphoma with marked hypervascularity and intense expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). A review of four other recent cases of primary CNS lymphoma at our institution revealed less-intense VEGF immunoreactivity. This is the first report of VEGF expression in primary CNS lymphoma. The potential significance of VEGF expression with respect to the biology of this tumor is discussed.
Mechanical evaluation of permeation barriers for flexible OLED displays

Mechanical flexing of plastic substrates coated with thin film permeation barriers causes sub-micron cracks that lead to device degradation. We demonstrate an improved method to rapidly observe cracks and evaluate mechanical performance of permeation barriers.
Large-scale structures in the equatorial ionosphere and their connection to the generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability

[1] For the first time, electric field and density fluctuations have been simultaneously measured on the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite at large scales (>300 km). The ratio of their spectral power rises as k2, unlike scales from 20 m to 300 km where the ratio is independent of k. We suggest that gravity waves dominate these large scales and mix with density gradients via self-generated electric fields to form δn/n0.
Simultaneous switching noise in IBIS models

In this paper, a tool to convert SPICE netlists to IBIS (Input/Output Buffer Information Specification) models is presented This tool simulates the netlist on a user-desirable SPICE engine and produces both static and dynamic characteristics of the IBIS model. A CMOS driver circuit is simulated in HSPICE and compared with an equivalent circuit created with IBIS models of the same drivers. Outputs from the drivers are compared IBIS models are also compared against macro-models of nonlinear digital drivers using spline functions with finite time difference approximation modeling techniques.
Where are the Women? Strategically Moving South Carolina Out of Last Place in Legislative Gender Representation

For the first time in nearly three decades, there are no women in the South Carolina state senate. There are only 17 women in the 124-member state house. South Carolina ranks 50th in the proportion of women serving in its state legislature - an ignominious title it has held since 2003 (see Figure 1 and Table 1). Unlike other states in the southeast region, South Carolina has lost ground in recent years relative to bottom-dwelling peers like Alabama, Oklahoma, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas and Pennsylvania (CAWP, 2009). Just as the state legislature is a pipeline of sorts for statewide or federal elective office, local political offices feed the state’s General Assembly. In 2008, women held just 22.4 percent of all available elective office in the state and not one constitutional office. Women make up 12 percent of the mayors; hold just 13 percent of the county council seats, and twenty-nine percent of the city council seats (Gordon, 2008). To date, although five women from South Carolina have been sent to the House of Representatives, only one has ever been elected in her own right (Elizabeth Patterson-D, 1989-1993). Only three women have been elected to statewide constitutional offices. Nancy Stevenson served as Lt. Governor (1979-1983) and two women have been elected state superintendent of education (Republican Barbara Nielsen, 1991-1999; Democrat Inez Tenenbaum, 2000-2007). No woman has ever represented South Carolina in the U.S. Senate nor has any women been elected Governor of the state. Meanwhile, twelve states have met or surpassed the thirty percent threshold -- widely regarded as the tipping point for female participation to change an institution and shape the legislative agenda. In three states women hold over 35 percent of the seats (Colorado, New Hampshire, and Vermont). The New Hampshire state senate is the first state legislative chamber to have a female majority (13 women, 11 men). In Maine and New Hampshire, both the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate are female. Nationally five women lead their house chamber and five women lead a senate chamber (CAWP, 2009).
The Peter Principle resuscitated: are promotion systems useless?

The challenge of developing and maintaining an effective organisation is intimately linked with HR activities that include selecting and motivating employees. Many organisations engage in an internal selection process designed to fill upper level positions with employees who have proven their worth at a lower level in the organisation. However, some observers have questioned whether this approach actually results in optimal individual and organisational performance. Using the Peter Principle as a starting point, this article examines the evidence for problems with merit-based promotions, as well as various explanations that have been advanced for why these problems occur. This article then proposes a new model, based on contemporary management theory and evidence, which addresses the question of why promotions fail.
Computer spelling checkers: an example cognitive tool

Mankind has readily developed tools [Salomon, 1993] to aid him/her in the pursuit of alleviating labor and providing for his/her life's needs and desires. From the invention of the wheel and before, the development and use of tools has separated humans from the other animal species. Physical tools (wheels, levers, inclined planes, etc.) and cognitive tools (symbols systems, books, slide rules, etc.) have both supported us in our labors to improve our lives.