cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oral treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and zidovudine suppresses murine accessory cell-dependent immune responses.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), commonly used for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients, often produces a high incidence of treatment-limiting reactions. We investigated the effect of oral administration of TMP-SMX alone or in combination with the antiretroviral drug zidovudine (ZDV) on hematopoiesis and cellular immunity in BALB/c mice. Daily treatment for 28 days with TMP-SMX (160:800 mg/kg) had no effect on hematopoiesis or the ex vivo proliferative response of splenic T lymphocytes to allogeneic tumor cells (EL-4) or to concanavalin A (ConA), or that of splenic B cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ZDV at 240 mg/kg/day was not immunosuppressive but caused a mild macrocytic anemia. Combined treatment produced severe pancytopenia, a significant drop in splenic cellularity, and a 61% decrease in the percentage of splenic macrophages. The percentage of splenic CD3+ lymphocytes increased 150% in the TMP-SMX + ZDV group, but the ratios of T-cell subsets and the frequency of B cells remained unchanged. Combined drug treatment did not impair the proliferative response of B cells to LPS or that of T cells to EL-4 cells. In concert with the reduction in the percentage of macrophages, the proliferative response of T lymphocytes to ConA decreased significantly. Optimal ConA-induced T-cell proliferation requires the participation of accessory cells (AC) (e.g., macrophages); EL-4 cells are able to function as AC. These data indicate that ZDV synergizes with TMP-SMX, causing severe hematotoxicity and suppressing AC-dependent immune function, and suggest that this therapeutic regimen may contribute to the immune deterioration in AIDS patients.
The differential effects of agency on fear induction using a horror-themed video game

Fear research faces a dilemma as typical methods of induction elicit passive or indirect fear, rather than authentic or direct fear. The present study investigated and compared the effects of interactivity, or agency, on the physiological responses of participants as measures of direct fear as they either played or watched a horror-themed video game. Assuming agency allows for greater immersion, the former group would exhibit greater physiological responses, possibly indicating greater fear reaction. Change scores were calculated from subtracting baseline mean values from exposure mean values for every participant in measures of electrodermal activity (EDA), respiratory rate (RR), and heart rate (HR). Self-reported fear data was also gathered for every participant. Players had a significantly greater increase than watchers in EDA, RR, and HR change scores. Players and watchers did not differ significantly in self-reported fear. Change score t tests for specific events that occur in the video game are also reported. These results suggest that the variable of agency may have had the effect of inducing a greater fear response and that it provides utility for researchers seeking to ethically induce direct fear. Differences between agency and passive observation in fear induction are proposed.Physiological reactions of fear are greater during horror-game play than watching.Self-report measures of fear do not differ between players and watchers.
Focusing Annotation for Semantic Role Labeling

Annotation of data is a time-consuming process, but necessary for many state-of-the-art solutions to NLP tasks, including semantic role labeling (SRL). In this paper, we show that language models may be used to select sentences that are more useful to annotate. We simulate a situation where only a portion of the available data can be annotated, and compare language model based selection against a more typical baseline of randomly selected data. The data is ordered using an off-the-shelf language modeling toolkit. We show that the least probable sentences provide dramatic improved system performance over the baseline, especially when only a small portion of the data is annotated. In fact, the lion’s share of the performance can be attained by annotating only 10-20% of the data. This result holds for training a model based on new annotation, as well as when adding domain-specific annotation to a general corpus for domain adaptation.
Konstruktion der Ellipse aus den Scheitelkreisen

Nehmen wir an, die „Halbachsen“ a und b einer Ellipse seien gegeben und es sei a > b; dann schlagen wir um O die beiden Scheitelkreise. (In Abb. 70 ist nur ein Viertel der Ellipse gezeichnet.) Will man nun den Punkt der Viertelsellipse zeichnen, der auf der beliebigen Senkrechten g zur grosen Achse liegt, so bringt man g mit dem groseren Kreis in A zum Schnitt; zieht OA und durch B die Parallele zur grosen Achse. Der Schnittpunkt C auf g ist der gesuchte Ellipsenpunkt; denn die Strecken OA und AD sind durch die Horizontalen OD und BC in gleichem Verhaltnis geteilt. Nun aber ist OB =b; OA =a; CD = y,somit verhalt sich y: AD = b:a, es ist also $${\text{y = }}\frac{{\text{b}}}{{\text{a}}}.AD.$$ (1)
Rethinking IT education: lessons from music education

The Information Technology discipline is defined as meeting the needs of users within organizational or societal context through the selection, creation, administration, integration, and application of computing technologies [1]. Successful IT professionals are those with strong hands-on, communication, and problem solving skills [2]. The need for skilled IT professionals continues to grow in many subareas such as mobile development, Cybersecurity, administration of cloud services, and others [5]. The information technology profession's demand for strong hands-on skills puts pressure on colleges to produce graduates with increased level of skills. However, the 3-5 years that students spend in college may not be enough to build the level of hands-on skills expected by employers.
Establishment of Structure-Conductivity Relationship for Tris(2,2′-bipyridine) Ruthenium Ionic C60 Salts

Three ionic C60 salts with [Ru(bpy)3]m+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) as cations were synthesized. The UV−vis−NIR spectra, XPS spectra, and elemental analysis have demonstrated their compositions: [Ru(bpy)3]2(C60) (1), [Ru(bpy)3](C60) (2), and [Ru(bpy)3](C60)2 (3). Single crystals of polycrystalline compounds 1 and 2 were obtained as solvates. At room temperature, all three salts are semiconducting with the highest four-probe conductivity observed for compound 1 at ∼10 S m−1. The electronic conduction mechanisms can be described appropriately by an electron hopping model in this immobilized polyvalent redox system.
Characterization of Low-Gas-Release LHR Fuels by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Analytical transmission electron microscopy (AEM) was performed on light-water reactor (LWR) spent fuel samples from different radial locations in several low-gas release fuels. The examinations revealed high densities of sub-micrometer gas and solid aggregates. Precipitate coarsening and a change in the nature of the fission gas precipitates was observed near the centers of the fuel pellets. The fission-product phases were: 1) e-ruthenium (Mo-Ru-Tc-Rh-Pd solid-solution alloy); 2) unidentified gases in intra- and intergranular bubbles from fuel edge to mid-radius locations; 3) dense, highly pressurized xenon/krypton “particles” associated with intragranular °-phase near the fuel centers. All other fission products apparently remained in solution. The nature and distribution of these phases are likely to affect fuel behavior in waste repositories and may be important for understanding fission gas behavior.
THE ASSOCIATION OF FRAILTY WITH MORTALITY IN HIGH RISK PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF THE PARTNER II ALTERNATIVE ACCESS COHORTS

Frailty has been associated with poor outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The association of frailty with mortality among patients undergoing alternative access (transaortic [TAo] and transapical [TA]) TAVR has not been well characterized. Inoperable
Biliary calcium and gallstone formation

The purpose of this paper is to present a brief overview of the current status of the field of biliary calcium and the role of calcium in the formation and maturation of gallstones. The study of free Ca+(+) ions in bile by electrochemical potentiometric measurements using Ca+(+)-selective ion-exchange electrodes is a relatively new field, but much progress has been made in the past few years. Using this powerful analytical tool, new concepts and findings have arisen in almost every aspect of biliary calcium. Although the current symposium is targeted primarily toward cholesterol gallstones, there are several areas in which understanding of biliary calcium may significantly contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cholesterol, as well as "pigment" (calcium salt), gallstones. Five broad areas are considered in relation to biliary calcium: (a) physiology (calcium entry into bile), (b) biophysics (the regulation of biliary free [Ca+(+)] as related to Gibbs-Donnan equilibria, (c) physical chemistry (the physicochemical state of calcium in bile, (d) thermodynamics (calcium solubility in bile), and (e) kinetics (pronucleating and antinucleating factors and metastable states). With more specific reference to cholesterol stones, consideration is also made of (a) the calcium salt "seed" hypothesis in cholesterol stone pathogenesis; (b) the interactions of Ca+(+) with phospholipid-cholesterol vesicles, with consideration of possible structural requirements and (c) thermodynamic and kinetic factors as related to peripheral or "eggshell" calcification of existing cholesterol stones.
An unusual cause of ascites

![Figure][1] An 81-year-old woman was diagnosed with smoldering multiple myeloma (20% clonal plasma cells but no end organ damage) in November 2013. She was observed until December 2014 when she presented with rapid-onset ascites. No stigmata of chronic liver disease were present. A computed
Estuaries on the Edge, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

This case study addresses the different roles of NGOs in management to two of the most important coastal estuaries in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. These two biosphere reserves sustain an estimated 24,000 Caribbean flamingos that migrate between Ria Celestun (wintering site) and Ria Lagartos (breeding site). Both sites are also wintering sites for thousands of migratory waterfowl, which explains much of the international interest. Both sites are at the Neotropical edge and illustrate management issues typical of subtropical North and Central America. Although the Mexican government agencies play the dominant role in day-to-day management of these two biosphere reserves; international, national, and regional NGOs play major roles in research management decisions as well as management support. It should be noted that Amigos de Sian Ka'an, a regional Mexican NGO, collaborates in the management of the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve on the Caribbean side of the Yucatan Peninsula, but the author is much more familiar with the other two estuaries, Ria Celestun and Ria Lagartos.
The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896-1945. By Charles S. Peterson and Brian Q. Cannon.

The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896-1945. By Charles S. Peterson and Brian Q. Cannon. (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015, ix + 474 pp. Illustrations, table, notes, bibliography, index. $29.95, paper.) In thirteen well balanced chapters, Charles Peterson and Brian Cannon have written a comprehensive, well researched history, and a very readable volume of Utah’s past from its beginning days in the decade of the 1890s and statehood to the end of World War II. Originally planned as one of four volumes detailing Utah’s history at the centennial of statehood, this volume is a welcome detailed look at Utah’s history and particularly the historiography of this period over the past half century. Three chapters are particularly strong and insightful. Chapter 7 (At the Whiplash End of Pluralism: … rsadler{at}weber.edu
How America ‘Inherited’ Literary Tourism

Many nineteenth-century Americans took it for granted that the literatures of Great Britain and the United States should be read together, and literary tourism had a powerful role in constructing ‘English’ in those transatlantic terms. An Anglo-American canon of authors and associated tourist sites took root through a process of ‘quotation’ — allusion, citation, and imitation — by which American authors, and tourists, proclaimed themselves heirs to the English tradition.
Acoustic and tongue kinematic vowel space in speakers with and without dysarthria

AbstractPurpose: The purpose is to investigate acoustic and tongue body kinematic vowel dispersion patterns and vowel space in speakers with and without dysarthria secondary to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Method: Acoustic and tongue kinematic vowel spaces were examined at the same time sampling point using electromagnetic articulography in 11 speakers with dysarthria secondary to ALS and 11 speakers without dysarthria. Tongue kinematic data were collected from the tongue body sensor (∼25 mm posterior from the tongue apex). A number of acoustic and tongue body kinematic variables were tested.Result: The result showed that the acoustic and tongue kinematic vowel dispersion patterns are different between the groups. Acoustic and tongue body kinematic vowel spaces are highly correlated; however, unlike acoustic vowel space, tongue body kinematic vowel space was not significantly different between the groups.Conclusion: Both acoustic and tongue kinematic vowel dispersion patterns are sensitive to the g...
Chemical Foundations of Physiology I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

This chapter begins with a discussion of the structure of atoms. It describes in general terms electron orbitals and the origin of chemical bonding by sharing electrons in the outer orbitals. The results of these bondings give rise to specific geometric shapes in molecules. The structure of methane, ethane, and ethylene is described. Typical bond energy, length, and angles are described. This chapter defines enthalpy. Various types of isomers are also described. The ionic character of bonds that share electrons unequally is described. The concept of electronegativity is discussed. This chapter describes polar bonds and dipole moments and how these produce intermolecular forces. Other intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding and London dispersion forces are also discussed. This chapter ends with a discussion of the dynamic nature of chemical bonds.
Tourette Syndrome Prevalence

The prevalence of Tourette syndrome in a mainstream school population (ages 13 to 14 years) in West Essex, England has been determined by parent, teacher, and pupil questionnaires, class observations to identify tics, and subject and parent face-to-face interviews, and reported from the Section of Epidemiology and General Practice, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
Detection of plan deviation in multi-agent systems

Plan monitoring in a collaborative multi-agent system requires an agent to not only monitor the execution of its own plan, but also to detect possible deviations or failures in the plan execution of its teammates. In domains featuring partial observability and uncertainty in the agents' sensing and actuation, especially where communication among agents is sparse (as a part of a cost-minimized plan), plan monitoring can be a significant challenge. We design an Expectation Maximization (EM) based algorithm for detection of plan deviation of teammates in such a multi-agent system. However, a direct implementation of this algorithm is intractable, so we also design an alternative approach grounded on the agents' plans, for tractability. We establish its equivalence to the intractable version, and evaluate these techniques in some challenging tasks.
Abstract 740: Rapid detection of IDH1/2 mutations using RNaseH2 dependent, multiplex quantitative PCR Assays

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and 2 (IDH2) are enzymes that normally catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate during glucose metabolism. Heterozygous mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 genes have been identified in a specific subset of cancers. Mutations typically affect the enzyme active sites at codon R132 in the IDH1 gene, and R140 or R172 in the IDH2 gene. This confers neomorphic enzyme activity that produces the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate that is involved in cancer initiation and progression. The detection of IDH1/IDH2 mutations has important diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications and testing for these variants is being incorporated in clinical settings. In fact, the identification of IDH1 or IDH2 gene mutations is now required for the classification of tumors of the central nervous system under the 2016 WHO guidelines. Therefore, there is a significant need for an IDH1 + IDH2 test that can be performed in a rapid manner to support clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions. A strategy utilizing allele-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) is well suited for evaluating a small number of hotspot variants in IDH1 and IDH2 from clinical tissue samples in a matter of few hours. Using RNase H2-dependent PCR (rhPCR) and a universal reporter system, we have developed new multiplex qPCR assays that effectively discriminate between closely related sequences that differ by only a single nucleotide base at the same position or adjacent position in a single tube reaction. In addition, the rhPCR mechanism of the assays also greatly reduces the impact of primer-primer interactions, further improving the multiplex capability of the assays. During initial testing, specificity, accuracy, and sensitivity were evaluated. Mutations present in patient samples at frequencies as low as 2% were identified with high reproducibility. The assays have been tested across 49 patient samples that included FFPE tissue, blood, and bone marrow aspirate with results that are concordant to those found using an orthogonal method of next generation sequencing. Our study showed that this assay provides a rapid method for detection of multiple IDH1 or IDH2 mutations in single rhPCR reactions with high accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. Citation Format: Yun Bao, Aymen Baig, Yu Wang, A. John Iafrate, Caifu Chen, Darrell R. Borger. Rapid detection of IDH1/2 mutations using RNaseH2 dependent, multiplex quantitative PCR Assays [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 740. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-740
Outcomes Associated With a Five-Point Surgical Site Infection Prevention Bundle in Women Undergoing Surgery for Ovarian Cancer

OBJECTIVE:To identify risk factors for surgical site infection and to define rates associated with cytoreductive surgery before and after implementation of an infection prevention bundle.METHODS:We conducted a prospective quality improvement study. Patients who underwent ovarian, fallopian tube, or
Uniqueness for gradient methods in engineering optimization

This paper deals with optimization of constrained functionals with distributed parameters. The functionals may be chosen for identifying parameters that optimize performance or minimize energy forms, or for computation of eigenvalues via the Rayleigh quotient. Constraints may represent design limitations, extremes of operating conditions, or state equations for dynamical systems. The intrinsic nature of iterative solution methods for functional minimization, the functional sensitivity analysis, and state function sensitivity analysis have been the subject of extensive research. Using simple examples from engineering, this paper points out some pitfalls for gradient-type computational methods particularly in connection with computing of unstable processes or eigenvalues via minimization of a constrained Rayleigh quotient. Auxiliary conditions involving energy levels of the system for constrained problems are suggested as indicators of existence of multiple gradient directions.
Poster Abstract: Safety Analysis for UAV Networks

The recent trend of collaborative operations of a network of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to achieve a common objective has attracted the researchers, as well as commercial vendors. It has revolutionized the means of data collection to maximize mission performances. However, the collaborative UAVs need to be safe from cyberattacks to prevent catastrophe. They need to be able to collaborate with each other to avoid potential failure of a mission. As these smart devices are always targets of adversaries, they need to maintain safe communication with each other while avoiding fuel outage and mid-air collisions, as well as reducing the possibilities of being hacked. In this work, we present the idea of a formal verification tool that takes different UAV parameters, safety requirements, and resource constraints as input and verifies the network's safety.
Neurotensin, schizophrenia, and antipsychotic drug action

The search for the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been an active avenue of investigation since the disease was first recognized more than 100 years ago. Although a great deal of the research has been driven by the known pharmacology of effective antipsychotic drugs, i.e., overactivity of the dopamine system, recent advances in neurobiology provide evidence that reduced synaptic connectivity/neurotransmission may play a substantial role in this disorder. One neuropeptide long posited to play a role in the biology of schizophrenia is neurotensin (NT). Central nervous system administration of NT has been shown to produce a wide variety of effects. Because of its close association with the dopamine (DA) system, the role of the NT system in clinical disorders hypothesized to involve DA circuits such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and drug abuse has been closely scrutinized. In addition, NT neurotransmission has been implicated in regulation of the stress response, stress-induced gastric ulcers, temperature regulation, food consumption, and analgesia. NT also acts as a growth factor in a variety of human cancer cell lines derived from lung, colon, prostate, and pancreas. This review first provides a background of the NT system. Second, data indicating that NT may mediate the effects of antipsychotic drugs are summarized. Third, data implicating NT in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia are described. Finally, evidence suggesting the use of NTergic compounds as novel antipsychotic drugs are presented.
Gaps in health information exchange between hospitals that treat many shared patients

Objective Hospitals that routinely share patients are those that most critically need to engage in electronic health information exchange (HIE) with each other to ensure clinical information is available to inform treatment decisions. We surveyed pairs of hospitals in a nationwide sample to describe whether and how hospitals within each hospital referral region (HRR) that have the highest shared patient (HSP) volume engaged in HIE with each other. Methods We used Medicare's Physician Shared Patient Patterns data to identify hospital pairs with the highest shared patient volume in each hospital referral region. We surveyed a purposeful sample of pairs and then calculated descriptive statistics to compare: (1) HIE with the HSP hospital vs HIE with other hospitals, and (2) HIE with the HSP hospital versus federal measures of HIE engagement that are not partner-specific. Results We received responses from 25.5% of contacted hospitals and 33.5% of contacted pairs, allowing us to examine information sharing among 68 hospitals in 63 pairs. 23% of respondents reported worse information sharing with their HSP hospital than with other hospitals while 17% indicated better sharing with their HSP hospital and 48% indicated no difference. Our HSP-specific measures of HIE differed from federal measures of HIE engagement: while 97% of respondents are classified as routinely sending information electronically in federal measures, in our data only 63% did so with their HSP hospital. Conclusions Despite increased HIE engagement, our descriptive results indicate that HIE is not developing in a way that facilitates information exchange where it might benefit the most patients. New policy efforts, particularly those emerging from the 21st Century Cures Act, need to explicitly pursue strategies that ensure that HSP providers engage in exchange with each other.
Serum Albumin Is Associated With Higher Inflammation and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Background This study was conducted to explore the associations between serum albumin and markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease in treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults. Methods We conducted a nested study within in the SATURN-HIV trial in which 147 HIV+ adults on stable antiretroviral therapy were (1) virally suppressed, (2) had a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level <130 mg/dL, and (3) were randomized to 10 mg daily rosuvastatin or placebo. Measures of serum albumin, carotid intima media thickness ([cIMT] surrogate marker of atherosclerosis), inflammation, T cells, monocyte activation, and gut integrity were assessed at baseline, 48 and 96 weeks later. Spearman correlations and linear mixed-effect models were used to assess associations with serum albumin. Results Mean age was 45 years, 80% of participants were male, and 69% were African American. Mean serum albumin was similar between the groups at all time points (4.01-4.09 g/dL in statin arm vs 4.02-4.11 g/dL in placebo arm; P = .08-0.35). Lower baseline serum albumin significantly predicted larger changes in cIMT, interleukin 6, D-dimer, tumor necrosis factor α receptor 1, fibrinogen, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P ≤ .03) over 96 weeks independently of statin therapy. After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, body mass index, creatinine clearance, and LDL cholesterol, every 1 g/dL decrease in serum albumin at baseline remained associated with a 0.05-mm increase in cIMT over 96 weeks (P = .05). Conclusions Lower serum albumin in controlled HIV is associated with higher markers of chronic inflammation and hypercoagulation, which could explain the prior observation that serum albumin predicts nonacquired immune deficiency syndrome events in HIV. Serum albumin may predict progression of carotid atherosclerosis independent of traditional risk factors.
The Migratory Patterns of Business in the Global Village

This article discusses the unitended effects of increased anti-corruption enforcement by the United States Department of Justice and the Securities & Exchange Commission. With the emergence of other maturing economies, the United States can no longer assume that most companies will tolerate its regulatory environment when other alternative capital markets are available. Using the uptick in enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) as a springboard, the article discusses how excessive regulation drives capital away from the U.S. marketplace.
JVIR 2014 Reviewer Awards

The Editors and I extend our gratitude and appreciation to the following individuals who provided manuscript reviews for the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014. The constructive comments and sound judgments of knowledgeable, unbiased, expert reviewers are essential to our blinded peer-review process. These committed volunteers worked within the constraints of JVIR’s industry-leading turnaround time and shared their expertise in identifying outstanding and improving new scientific research submitted to JVIR. Further, they shared greater reviewing loads this year, given our continuing increase in submissions. JVIR’s Top Reviewers represent its top class of volunteers who have been chosen for their outstanding service in 2014. They produced the largest numbers of authoritative reviews, with consistent attention to detail, diplomacy, and speed. We honor their exceptional work as well as their significant contributions to the journal. Equally, our Distinguished Reviewers have served above and beyond. We acknowledge them for the depth of their analyses, efficiency, and workload—and their keen eye for the written word.
Исследование пористости спеченных образцов электроэрозионной порошковой меди

Purpose of research. Powder copper is widely used in various fields of machine engineering for the production of electrical contact and antifriction products. The quality of sintered products is estimated by density and porosity. One of the main methods for determining the porosity of formed and sintered products is a metallographic method with elements of qualitative and quantitative analysis of pore geometry. The properties of sintered products made of electroerosive copper powder have not been studied up to the present, which makes it impossible to predict their properties and scope of practical application. The purpose of the work is to study porosity and pore-size distribution of sintered samples of electroerosive copper powder. Methods. To perform the planned studies, waste of electrical copper wire (GOST 859-2001) was used. As a working fluid distilled water was used. To obtain a powder of copper a unit to produce powders of conductive materials (patent for invention RF № 2449859) was applied. Dispersion parameters were: voltage 220 V, capacity 45.5 µF, pulse repetition rate 100 Hz. Isostatic pressing of electroerosive copper powder obtained in water was carried out in isostatic press "EPSI" CIP 400-200*1000Y. The compacted samples were sintered in a high-temperature furnace "Nabertherm" VHT 8/22 in vacuum at a temperature of 900 °C and 1000 °C for 1 hour. The porosity of the sintered samples of electroerosive copper powder obtained in the water was determined by metallography using optical inverted microscope OLYMPUS GX51 . Results. Based on the results of the conducted studies, it was experimentally proved that the porosity of a sintered sample of electroerosive copper powder at 900 °C is 5.8 %, the porosity of a sintered sample of electroerosive copper powder at 1000 °C is 2.16 %. Conclusion. The obtained experimental data can be used to create resource-saving processes for processing metal alloys and composite materials.
Influence of nano-CuO and -TiO2 on deposition and detachment of Escherichia coli in two model systems

Growing evidence suggests that agricultural water quality is closely tied to food safety risks. Therefore, the presence of nanoparticles in environmental waters due to utilization as pesticides and fertilizers may have unintended consequences, as the effects of their interactions with foodborne bacteria are not well understood. This investigation utilizes a 2D parallel-plate flow cell and a 3D saturated sand column to systematically examine changes in bacterial transport trends due to nano-bio interactions under dynamic flow conditions. Two Escherichia coli species, O157:H7 and 25922, exposed to nano-CuO ( 0.05). Attachment and detachment – as quantified by mass transfer rate coefficients – of E. coli 25922 from the leaf surface were not impacted by the presence of nanoparticles. No breakthrough was observed in the column experiments, with the exception of nano-TiO2 eluted in the presence of E. coli O157:H7. However, column dissection revealed higher proportions of suspended particles retained in the upper portion of the column when either nanoparticle was present. This provides further evidence that nanoparticles affect bacterial deposition and release, potentially promoting biofilm formation and foodborne illness risks.
Uncovering Multidimensional Poverty Experiences in Shaping Children’s Socioemotional Trajectories during the First 6 Years of Schooling

The extant literature has attested to the importance of poverty on child well-being generally using a unidimensional approach. Researchers have yet to establish solid evidence on how multiple dimensions of poverty (e.g., depth, volatility, and spells of exposure) might be associated with children's socioemotional well-being during their early school years. Building upon Bronfenbrenner's bioecological systems theory, this study used latent class analysis to identify poverty patterns by incorporating multiple dimensions of poverty and investigated the relationship between multidimensional poverty patterns and children's socioemotional trajectories from kindergarten through fifth grade. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K), a longitudinal dataset featuring a nationally representative cohort of children in the United States (N ≈ 20,090), the analysis identified seven poverty groups. Each group exhibited a unique poverty or economic pattern that incorporates the three poverty dimensions. Growth-curve results indicate that multidimensional poverty patterns were significantly associated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors both at kindergarten and over time by fifth grade. Children with the acutest form of economic deprivation-extreme poverty, volatile income, and multiple spells of poverty exposure-were reported to have the worst outcomes. The significant variations in children's socioemotional trajectories due to different poverty patterns highlight the importance of poverty reduction and prevention strategies corresponding to those patterns for optimal effect. This study suggests a focus not just on helping families exit poverty temporarily, but on improving their economic security as a way to nurture children's socioemotional well-being.
Emotional Overinvolvement with Adolescents: a Problematic Construct?

The purpose of the current study was to examine emotional overinvolvement (EOI) among caregivers of adolescents with a range of physical and psychiatric disorders to determine whether it is a problematic construct. Expressed emotion is a robust predictor of treatment dropout, outcome, and relapse across a range of physical and psychiatric disorders. The two components of expressed emotion that have received the most research attention are criticism and EOI. Although criticism plays a significant role in treatment outcome, evidence is mixed for EOI, particularly in children and adolescent populations. Forty-seven articles published between 2000 and 2018 were included in the current review, covering eating disorders, depression and bipolar disorder, ADHD, internalizing/externalizing behaviors, nonsuicidal self-injury/parasuicide, schizophrenia/psychosis, autism, posttraumatic stress, tic disorders, general psychopathology, and a number of medical illnesses. The majority of studies did not find a relationship between EOI and problematic symptoms or behaviors, and several found that EOI was associated with improved outcome. It is possible that EOI may be appropriate for caregivers of adolescents with a physical or psychiatric illness, or that a number of disparate constructs are being assessed by current measures of EOI. Avenues for future research are discussed.
A Chronological and Geographical Analysis of Personal Reports of COVID-19 on Twitter

The rapidly evolving outbreak of COVID-19 presents challenges for actively monitoring its spread. In this study, we assessed a social media mining approach for automatically analyzing the chronological and geographical distribution of users in the United States reporting personal information related to COVID-19 on Twitter. The results suggest that our natural language processing and machine learning framework could help provide an early indication of the spread of COVID-19.
Empire and Eurasia: In the Footsteps of Alexander

Alle Imperien streben nach Universalitat, das heist, sie wollen Weltreiche sein. Sie sind sich jedoch im Allgemeinen der Existenz anderer Imperien in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart ebenso wie der Notwendigkeit bewusst, sich mit ihnen auseinanderzusetzen. Es hilft, wenn sie sich ideologisch und materiell miteinander verbinden konnen. Im Falle der alteren eurasischen Landimperien – Rom, Byzanz, Arabische und Persische Reiche, Indien, China – wurden die Verbindungen durch Handel und religiosen Austausch – christlich, islamisch, buddhistisch –hergestellt. Mit den neueren uberseeischen Reichen – spanisch, hollandisch, franzosisch, britisch – wurden diese Verbindungen fortgesetzt, nun aber erganzt durch die starke europaische Prasenz in allen Ecken der Welt, die sie noch starker zu eurasischen macht. Vieles davon, so wird argumentiert, stutzt sich auf das Beispiel des grosen eurasischen Reiches von Alexander dem Grosen, dessen Erinnerung in praktisch jedem nachfolgenden Reich zu finden ist und dessen Vorbild alle nachahmen wollten.
The use of hyperbolic time-frequency representations for optimum detection and parameter estimation of hyperbolic chirps

We propose a time-frequency formulation for the optimum detection of Gaussian signals in white Gaussian noise based on hyperbolic class quadratic time frequency representations (QTFRs) such as the Altes distribution. We apply the detection scheme successfully to hyperbolic chirps and slowly fluctuating hyperbolic point targets, and show that the estimation of the latter's unknown parameters depends upon the hyperbolic ambiguity function. We also propose a general class of receivers in the hyperbolic class that provides a coherent framework between existing classical and new detectors. Furthermore, we propose the estimation of the parameters of hyperbolic chirps using phase unwrapping with linear regression of the phase data that produces simple and unbiased estimators whose variance attains the Cramer-Rao lower bound at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) higher than 12 dB. In comparison, we show that the maximum likelihood estimation technique gives accurate estimates at lower SNR (>-1 dB), but at the cost of high computational complexity. >
The implications of research literature on learning styles for the design and development of a web-based course

The paper aims to use the literature on learning styles to establish a list of assumptions and guidelines and to identify a theoretical framework/model for designing and developing a web-based course. It describes the process of integrating learning style theory into the design and development of an undergraduate online course, and provides information on the effects of the course design specification on the quality of students' learning and their attitude and satisfaction.
A Hardware Random Number Generator

Some of the desirable properties a cryptographic random number generator should have are lack of bias, bit independence, unpredictiability and nonrepeatability. In this paper, we discuss how a hardware random number generator formed from simple components can provide these properties. The components include two state machines with different structures, and free-running oscillators. The generated numbers pass the DIEHARD battery of tests.
Not My Will but Thy Will Be Done : Aquinas and Eckhart on Willing What God Wills

Although in his own day some of the teachings of Meister Eckhart were considered heretical, in modern times many scholars have disputed that medieval assessment and have taken his views to be squarely within the Dominican tradition and even Thomist. Without commenting on this dispute over the general assessment of Eckhart’s thought, in this paper, I highlight one place where the theories of Eckhart and Aquinas do diverge. This place has to do with the appropriate Christian response to the problem of suffering. The heart of the difference between the two lies in their divergent understandings of willing what God wills. On this score not only do Eckhart and Aquinas differ, but Aquinas’s view is to be preferred, as I try to show.
MicroRNA-494 is a master epigenetic regulator of multiple invasion-suppressor microRNAs by targeting ten eleven translocation 1 in invasive human hepatocellular carcinoma tumors

Vascular invasion provides a direct route for tumor metastasis. The degree to which microRNA (miRNA) expression plays a role in tumor vascular invasion is unclear. Here, we report that miR-494 is up-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors with vascular invasion and can promote HCC cell invasiveness by gene inactivation of multiple invasion-suppressor miRNAs. Our results show that ten eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase, predominantly TET1 in HCC cells, is a direct target of miR-494. The reduced 5′-hydroxymethylcytosine levels observed in the proximal cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) regions of multiple invasion-suppressor miRNA genes are strongly associated with their transcriptional repression upon miR-494 overexpression, whereas enforced DNA demethylation can abolish the repression. Furthermore, TET1 knockdown shows a similar effect as miR-494 overexpression. Conversely, miR-494 inhibition or enforced TET1 expression is able to restore invasion-suppressor miRNAs and inhibit miR-494-mediated HCC cell invasion. Conclusions: miR-494 can trigger gene silencing of multiple invasion-suppressor miRNAs by inhibiting genomic DNA demethylation by direct targeting of TET1, thereby leading to tumor vascular invasion. (Hepatology 2015;62:466–480
FLBD HAS A DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY NEAR ITS CARBOXY TERMINUS THAT RECOGNIZES FTR SEQUENCES INVOLVED IN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REGULATION OF FLAGELLAR GENE TRANSCRIPTION IN CAULOBACTER CRESCENTUS

FlbD is a transcriptional regulatory protein that negatively autoregulates fliF, and it is required for expression of other Caulobacter crescentus flagellar genes, including flaN and flbG. In this report we have investigated the interaction between carboxy-terminal fragments of FlbD protein and enhancer-like ftr sequences in the promoter regions of fliF, flaN, and flbG. FlbDc87 is a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-FlbD fusion protein that carries the carboxy-terminal 87 amino acids of FlbD, and FlbDc87 binds to restriction fragments containing the promoter regions of fliF, flaN, and flbG, whereas a GST-FlbD fusion protein carrying the last 48 amino acids of FlbD failed to bind to these promoter regions. DNA footprint analysis demonstrated that FlbDc87 is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that makes close contact with 11 nucleotides in ftr4, and 6 of these nucleotides were shown previously to function in negative regulation of fliF transcription in vivo (S. M. Van Way, A. Newton, A. H. Mullin, and D. A. Mullin, J. Bacteriol. 175:367-376, 1993). Three DNA fragments, each carrying an ftr4 mutation that resulted in elevated fliF transcript levels in vivo, were defective in binding to FlbDc87 in vitro. We also found that a missense mutation in the recognition helix of the putative helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif of FlbDc87 resulted in defective binding to ftr4 in vitro. These data suggest that the binding of FlbDc87 to ftr4 is relevant to negative transcriptional regulation of fliF and that FlbD functions directly as a repressor. Footprint analysis showed that FlbDc87 also makes close contacts with specific nucleotides in ftr1, ftr2, and ftr3 in the flaN-flbG promoter region, and some of these nucleotides were shown previously to be required for regulated transcription of flaN and flbG (D. A. Mullin and A. Newton, J. Bacteriol. 175:2067-2076, 1993). Footprint analysis also revealed a new ftr-like sequence, ftr5, at -136 from the transcription start site of flbG. Our results demonstrate that FlbD contains a sequence-specific DNA-binding activity within the 87 amino acids at its carboxy terminus, and the results suggest that FlbD exerts its effect as a positive and negative regulator of C. crescentus flagellar genes by binding to ftr sequences. Images
Reproductive Toxicity of Ovulation Induction

The development of ovulation-inducing drugs has enabled clinicians to more effectively treat the hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian abnormalities resulting in infertility. Pregnancy rates have been improved with the use of agents such as clomiphene citrate (CC), human menopausal gonadotropin [hMG or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) preparations], with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its analogs, stimulating the development of multiple ovarian follicles and increasing the number of fertilizable oocytes. The use of these drugs is not without certain detrimental or "toxic" consequences. The negative effects from superovulation can occur during follicle development, decreasing the number of healthy oocytes and embryos capable of leading to viable pregnancy. Ovulation induction can lead not only to higher incidences of spontaneous abortions, and multiple and ectopic pregnancies, but also to poor pregnancy rates, due, in part, to asynchrony between embryonic development and the uterine environment. Diseases such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), resulting in the secretion of supraphysiologic levels of estradiol, can lend to severe health complications, possibly requiring hospitalization. Most drugs used for ovulation induction can lead to OHSS. Although incidences of OHSS following CC use are less frequent, CC has been associated with hot flushes, multiple gestations, visual disturbances, cervical mucus abnormalities, and luteal phase deficiency. Finally, there are reports that link any or all of the ovulation-inducing drugs with a higher incidence of ovarian and breast cancer, however, a cause-effect relationship has yet to be proven.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND THE TIME BETWEEN TRADES: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

Previous studies propose that the time between trades is a measure of the existence of information and a manifestation of the demand and supply of liquidity. I find evidence that the time between trades is a measure of the existence of information. However, the evidence does not imply that liquidity constraints are an unimportant determinant of price changes. Further investigation indicates that price changes are partially related to liquidity constraints, when the liquidity constraint is measured by the availability of multiple counterparties. Finally, I find some evidence that information about trades, not necessarily related to information about the underlying asset, also affects price changes.
Crystallography and magnetism of 3-(N-tert-butyl-N-aminoxyl)benzoic acid

Abstract 3-(N-tert-Butyl-N-aminoxyl)benzoic acid is a stable red solid that crystallizes to form chains of nitroxide to aryl CH contacts, with the pairs of such antiparallel chains joined by complementary carboxylic acid two-point hydrogen bonds. Although it strongly adsorbs to silica gel, it does not show solution phase ESR evidence of discrete triplet state radical pairing. Solid-state magnetic susceptibility studies show antiferromagnetic downturn at lower temperatures, with a change in slope at about 10 K in Curie–Weiss plots. The results suggest either a phase change at low temperatures, or the presence of multiple competing exchange interactions.
Simplified chemical−physical theory for liquid metal solutions. II: Composition dependence of the Gibbs energy

Abstract The composition dependence of the Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of mixing are considered with the simplified chemical-physical theory model. Analytical expressions for all thermodynamic functions and derivatives are given in terms of the model parameters. The Darken stability function is shown to exhibit peaks in the compound-forming Group IIB-VA liquid metal systems. The separate enthalpic and entropic contributions to the Darken function are shown to be much larger than the Darken function but of opposite sign so they tend to cancel. Additional examples of the Darken function and its component parts are given for several binary magnesium systems which exhibit very large negative deviations from ideal mixing behaviour.