cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement of broiler litter production rates and nutrient content using recycled litter

It is important for broiler producers to know litter production rates and litter nutrient content when developing nutrient management plans. Estimation of broiler litter production varies widely in the literature due to factors such as geographical region, type of housing, size of broiler produced, and number of flocks reared on the same litter. Published data for N, P, and K content are also highly variable. In addition, few data are available regarding the rate of production, characteristics, and nutrient content of caked litter (cake). In this study, 18 consecutive flocks of broilers were reared on the same litter in experimental pens under simulated commercial conditions. The mass of litter and cake produced was measured after each flock. Samples of all litter materials were analyzed for pH, moisture, N, P, and K. Average litter and cake moisture content were 26.4 and 46.9%, respectively. Significant variation in litter and cake nutrient content was observed and can largely be attributed to ambient temperature differences. Average litter, cake, and total litter (litter plus cake) production rates were 153.3, 74.8, and 228.2 g of dry litter material per kg of live broiler weight (g/kg) per flock, respectively. Significant variation in litter production rates among flocks was also observed. Cumulative litter, cake, and total litter production rates after 18 flocks were 170.3, 78.7, and 249.0 g/kg, respectively. The data produced from this research can be used by broiler producers to estimate broiler litter and cake production and the nutrient content of these materials.
A Wide Band Horizontal Accelerometer with Preliminary Earth Normal Mode and Seismic Investigations

Summary A wide band horizontal accelerometer using a quartz torsional pivot and capacitative position sensing with phase-sensitive detection is described. Devices for magnetic damping of unwanted modes of vibration and internal stabilization of temperature and pressure are discussed in detail. The accelerometer is small enough in size and weight to allow deployment in bore holes. Data from the earth normal mode band and the seismic band are shown. Although horizontal noise due to surface tilting is high for periods greater than 50 s, noise in the seismic band can be reduced by as much as an order of magnitude by digital high-pass filtering. The resulting horizontal signal-to-noise ratio for teleseismic events is comparable to that for the vertical signals. 1. The pendulum
Circuit modeling for practical many-core architecture design exploration

Current tools for computer architecture design lack standard support for multi- and many-core development. We propose using circuit models to describe the multiple processor architecture to motivate a circuit based design approach applied to a computer architecture problem. A test chip with DVFS capable processors is used to explore our ideas through software implementation.
Proteomics and signal transduction in the crustacean molting gland

Regulation of the molting cycle in decapod crustaceans involves 2 endocrine organs: the X-organ/sinus gland (XO/SG) complex located in the eyestalk ganglia and the Y-organ (YO) located in the cephalothorax. Two neuropeptides [molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH)] are produced in the XO/SG complex and inhibit ecdysteroidogenesis in the YO. Thus, YO activation is induced by eyestalk ablation (ESA), which removes the primary source of MIH and CHH. Cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) and nitric oxide (NO) appear to mediate neuropeptide suppression of the YO. Proteomics was used to identify potential components of signal transduction pathways ("targeted" or cell-map proteomics) as well as assess the magnitude of protein changes in response to activation ("global" or expression proteomics) in the tropical land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis. Total proteins in YOs from intact and ES-ablated animals were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and expression profiles were assessed by image analysis and gene clustering software. ESA caused a >3-fold increase in the levels of 170 proteins and >3-fold decrease in the levels of 89 proteins; a total of 543 proteins were quantified in total YO extracts. ESA induced significant changes in the levels of 3 groups of proteins eluting from a phosphoprotein column and detected with phosphoprotein staining of two-dimensional gels; ∼17 kDa and ∼150 kDa phosphoproteins increased in activated YOs, while ∼12 kDa phosphoproteins decreased. A ∼150 kDa phosphoprotein, which was isolated only from activated YO, was identified as NO synthase by western blotting and mass spectrometry of trypsin peptides. These data show that phosphorylation of NO synthase is associated with activation of the YO. A neuropeptide signaling pathway involving NO synthase and NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase is proposed.
Assessing Participation in Youth Community Action Projects: Opportunities and Barriers

This study examined the extent of youth participation in community service, community development, and other types of community projects. Adult leaders (n = 70) of Youth Community Action (YCA) proj...
Richard Kluger's Simple Justice: Race, Class, and United States Imperialism

Richard Kluger's monumental Simplejustice reaffirms the long-held liberal contention that any analysis of the complex social relations in the United States must acknowledge the centrality of racism.1 Racism historically contributed to shaping of the political culture, social interactions, and legal status of groups throughout the United States. This work is of epic proportions, tracing in great detail the evolution of the history of the black struggle to overturn the 1896 Plessy decision which declared the fallacious, antidemocratic notion that "separate but equal" meets the test of the Constitution. The narrative is of one mind with the protagonists that Kluger centers, that is, the legal movement originated from a political perspective that can only be described as quintessential United States liberalism. At no time did the protagonists assert an ideology opposing the predominant liberal political ethos and seldom, if ever, considered anything close to revolution. In keeping with the liberal bent, Kluger was pleased that several of the leaders involved in the legal struggle leading to Brown eventually gained prominent positions in the Washington administrative bureaucracy. The interchangeability of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's (NAACP) legal defense team with the very system that it took to task speaks to the liberal beliefs upheld by the reformers and enshrined by Kluger. Moreover, the story centers Black-White relations and in particular the South as the nation's bedrock for white supremacy. Although Kluger occasionally cites economic factors, the Black community as cheap labor enters the analysis but briefly.2 Even more problematic is that Kluger quickly mentions, but does not engage, the imperialist foreign policy engaged
Residence time distribution of cylindrical particles in a curved section of a holding tube: the effect of particle concentration and bend radius of curvature

Abstract The residence time and the residence time distribution (RTD) of model food particles (cylindrical, diameter and length = 0.02 m, density = 1130 kg/m3) in the curved section of a transparent holding tube have been investigated. Variables included in the study were particle concentration (20%, 30% and 40%) and bend radius of curvature (0.089, 0.22 and 0.28 m). The results show that the means of the normalized residence time tend to increase as either particle concentration or bend radius of curvature increased. However, there was no clear tendency of the effect of the experimental variables on the standard deviation of the normalized residence time. Empirical correlations between the means and the standard deviations of the normalized residence time and particle Froude number, particle concentration, and the ratio of bend radius of curvature to tube diameter are presented.
Comment: Survey of Cooperation Among Clinical, Pro Bono, Externship, and Legal Writing Faculty

Recent surveys by a committee of the Legal Writing Institute (LWI) show that many legal writing faculty around the country are engaged in exciting and creative collaborations with their colleagues in clinics and in externship and pro bono programs. Faculty from these different programs work together around course and curriculum planning, on large and small teaching initiatives, and on scholarship. Whether the proper metaphor for this type of collaboration is collision or something more constructive, the inspiring fact is that these collaborations are taking place.
Structural and electronic properties of ultrathin picene films on the Ag(100) surface

Abstract Using scanning tunneling microscopy and electronic structure calculations, we investigated the assembly and electronic properties of picene molecules on the Ag(100), Ag(111), and Cu(111) surfaces, with particular emphasis on Ag(100). In each case, picene molecules are found to lie parallel to the surface at coverages up to half a monolayer and to adopt alternating parallel and tilted orientations at full monolayer coverage. In the latter case, the arrangement of the molecules is roughly similar to that in the bulk crystal. On the metal surfaces considered, the growth mode of picene is quite different from that of its structural isomer pentacene, which forms a bilayer overlayer on top of a dense monolayer of flat-lying molecules on metal surfaces. Tunneling spectroscopy measurements provide estimates of the energies of several low-lying unfilled molecular orbitals as well as of the highest occupied molecular orbital of the absorbed picene molecules. From analysis of these results, we establish that the on-site Coulomb repulsion for picene decreases by ~ 2 eV in going from the gas phase to the full monolayer on Ag(100), bringing it close to that of the undoped bulk crystal.
Fair Trade and the Consumer

N THE EARLY part of this century, I was living in a small city in Michigan. There were at that time twelve practicing physicians in the city, all fairly prosperous. Then one Spring two new physicians moved in and opened offices. It soon became apparent that something must be done. While the old physicians had been able to live comfortably on the fees collected from the people of the city, the addition of two new physicians to participate in those fees reduced them to a point that would not provide a living for all. These professional men all fraternized, so they got together and talked things over. It was decided it would be necessary to raise the fees, and accordingly the fees were raised, and the physicians continued to live comfortably. But in the next two years, three more physicians came, so that there were seventeen to collect a livelihood off the same population that had been formerly attended by twelve. The fees had been raised from time to time to take
Nanocomposite Formation and Combustion Induced by Reaction Milling

Displacement reactions between a metal oxide and a more reactive metal can be induced by ball milling. In some cases the reaction progresses gradually and a metal/metal-oxide nanocomposite is formed. Ball milling may also initiate a self propagating combustive reaction. The information available about these processes is reviewed. It is argued that the gradual or combustive nature of the reaction depends on thermodynamic parameters, the microstructure of the reaction mixture, and the way they develop during the milling process.
Study of M-stationarity and strong stationarity for a class of SMPCC problems via SAA Method

Abstract In this article my main aim is to analyze the relative importance of M-stationarity concept over strong stationarity of one stage stochastic mathematical programming problems with complementarity constraints (SMPCC, in short). We establish the consistency of M-stationary multipliers when the SMPCC problem is approximated through the sample average approximation (SAA, for short) method, under the assumption of SMPCC-NNAMCQ. On contrary, strong stationary multipliers are not consistent even in presence of SMPCC-LICQ.
Revitalizing Vital Signs: The Role of Delta Shock Index.

INTRODUCTION: Although variability in vital parameters has been shown to predict outcomes; the role of change in shock index (Delta SI) as a predictive tool remains unknown. METHODS: The NTDB (2011-2012) was abstracted for all patients 18-85 years of age and Injury Severity Score (ISS) >15 with complete data. Transferred patients and patients dead on arrival were excluded. Patient demographics, injury parameters were recorded, and SI in the field, SI in the emergency department (ED), and change in Shock Index (Delta SI = ED SI- Field SI) was calculated. Our outcome measure was mortality. Cox regression and Kaplan Meier analysis were performed. RESULTS: A total of 95,088 patients were included and overall mortality rate was 11.9%. Patients with a positive Delta SI had a mortality rate of 13.3% compared with 9.6% mortality rate in patients who had an unchanged or negative Delta SI. After controlling for confounders, a Delta SI of >0.1 was found to be associated with an increased hazard of death (hazard ratio [95% CI] = 1.36 [1.29-1.45]) and mortality (16.6% vs. 9.5%, p 0.1 was associated with increased hazard of death (hazard ratio [95% CI] = 1.29 [1.20-1.39]). CONCLUSION: Delta Shock index from field to hospital independently predicts higher mortality. It predicts higher mortality even in apparently hemodynamically stable patients with normal traditional vital signs and normal shock index. Delta shock index may serve as an adjunct to existing traditional vital signs for the identification of occult hypovolemic shock and higher risk of death in trauma patients. Language: en
Solar limb darkening

The coefficients of several polynomial representations of the limb darkening at 62 wavelengths in the UV and visible portions of the solar spectrum obtained at the McMath Solar Telescope are presented in tabular form. Full corrections for scattered light and seeing have been included in the reductions.
Ritual, rumor y corrupcion en la formacion del espacio nacional en México

This paper explores the role of political ritual in the public sphere and the relation between ritual, rumour and corruption in the dialectic of state expansion in Mexico. The article explores the historical development of political regions in Mexico, identifies the various spaces in which « public spheres » occur in the national space and then discusses the role of ritual in Mexican political geography. The A. develops a novel theoretical perspective, presenting a number of methodological proposals for the study of cultural mediation in national societies while shedding light on the existing links between political ritual and the construction of political communities in the national space
Immune Mobilization with IL-2 and Growth Factors: Differential in Vivo Effects of the NKG2D Receptor on CD8+ and CD56+ Effector Cells

Background: NKG2D, one of four NK cell activating receptors characteristically found on NK cells, has been identified on some CD8+T cells that mediate TCR-independent and non-MHC restricted tumor cell killing. These cytotoxic NKG2D+CD8+ effector cells aggressively kill myeloma cells. Since the NKG2D receptor recognizes ligands expressed on myeloma cells, NKG2D+ CD8+ effector cells provide a unique immunotherapy opportunity. Methods: We designed an immune mobilization trial to mobilize autologous cytotoxic effector cells, with peripheral CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. IL-2 (dose escalation) began on day 0 of mobilization and continued as a daily SQ injection for 11 days. On day 7 of mobilization, GM-CSF (7.5 mcg/kg/d) and G-CSF (5 mcg/kg/d) were initiated for 5 days (days 7–11). Leukapheresis was performed on Day 11. Results: Eleven of 12 patients completed therapy (myeloma, n=11; NHL, n=1). One patient (NHL) progressed during treatment. The MTD of IL-2 was 6×10 5 IU/m 2 /d. All patients successfully mobilized and received an autologous transplant with normal engraftment (ANC recovery: day 13 median; range 10–14 days; platelet recovery: day 12 median; range of 0–13 days). When compared to baseline, the immune-mobilized cells demonstrate an increase in CD3+CD8+ T cells (p = 0.01), CD3+CD8+CD56+ T cells (p = 0.01) and CD56+ NK cells (p = 0.002). Cytotoxicity directed against a human myeloma cells increased from 9% (baseline) to 43% (p=0.02). Importantly, immune mobilization resulted in an IL-2 dose-dependent expression of NKG2D on CD8+T cells or CD56+ NK cells. Low dose IL-2 (6 × 10 5 IU/m 2 /d) moderately increased NKG2D expression on CD8+ T cells when compared to baseline (p = 0.02). High dose IL-2 (1.5 × 10 6 IU/m 2 /d) strongly enhanced NKG2D expression on CD 8+ T cells (p = 0.004). Low dose IL-2 (6 × 10 5 IU/m 2 /d) and high dose IL-2 (1.5 × 10 6 IU/m 2 /d) increased NKG2D expression on CD3-CD 56+ NK cells, with p values of 0.03 and 0.002, respectively. Preliminary data indicate these effects are sustained in vivo post-transplant. Conclusions: Immune mobilization resulted in an IL-2 dose-dependent expression of NKG2D on CD8+T cells and CD56+ NK cells, thereby altering the cellular components of the mobilized cells. Since the NKG2D receptor recognizes ligands expressed on myeloma cells, NKG2D+ CD8+ effector cells provide a unique immunotherapy opportunity for the treatment of myeloma.
Strain differences in open-field behavior of the rat. II

Strain differences in parameters of open-field behavior measures were replicated after a 7-year interval for the Har sublines of 12 inbred strains of rats: ACI, A990, A35322, F344, INR, IR, MNR, MNRA, MR, TS1, TS3, and WAG, and were extended to an additional strain: B. Breeding stocks had been subjected to major environmental stress in the intervening years. No significant changes were found. The B strain was found to be distinctiive in showing both high ambulation and high defecation.
Research Article: Effects of endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure on zebrafish ovarian follicles

The process of oocyte maturation involves both nuclear and cytoplasmic events that are essential for the production of viable eggs and subsequent fertilization in sexually reproducing animals. In zebrafish, oocyte nuclear maturation (meiotic resumption) is marked by a transition from opaque to translucent ovarian follicles. This transition is called clearing and results from germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and the transformation of vitellogenin into yolk proteins. Oocyte maturation can be perturbed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These EDCs have been broadly shown to interfere with reproductive development. Many herbicides and pesticides used agriculturally act as EDCs. These chemicals can enter aquatic ecosystems via runoff and erosion. To evaluate the effects of EDCs on zebrafish oocyte maturation, zebrafish ovarian follicles were cultured and exposed to various concentrations of either atrazine, 2,4-D, or diazinon. Follicles were evaluated at 2, 3, and 4 hours for size and viability, but clearing was assessed only at 4 hours post-exposure. Atrazine and diazinon significantly reduced follicle clearing at the tested concentrations. No effect was observed with 2,4-D exposure. At low enough concentrations, none of the chemicals produced endocrine-disrupting effects. The results suggest that at or above environmentally relevant concentrations, some EDCs impair oocyte maturation in exposed zebrafish follicles. The results support the need to monitor EDC exposure to prevent harmful effects not only on aquatic organisms, but also on humans and wildlife that are also exposed to these contaminants.
EFFECT OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN ON BRAIN LEVELS OF MONOAMINES AND DOPAMINE METABOLITE DOPAC

The wide use of 5 hydroxytryptophan in neuropharmacology has assumed that behavioral changes resulted from increases in brain serotonin. In mice 5 hydroxytryptophan also produces a decrease in whole brain NE, no change in DA levels, but a 100% increase in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid resulting from a marked increase in DA release and metabolism. Some 5 hydroxytryptophan behavioral effects (e.g. increased motor activity in rats) are blocked by halopiridol suggesting a major role of dopamine systems in some of the actions observed. Projection of such studies to theories concerned with the behavioral basis of brain function and mental illness requires appropriate action.
Galanin stimulates rat pituitary growth hormone secretion in vitro.

The effect of galanin on growth hormone (GH) secretion was investigated in monolayer cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells. Galanin caused a gradual increase in GH concentrations into the culture medium that was maximal at 90 minutes and sustained after 180 minutes. The ED50 for galanin-stimulated GH secretion was approximately 200nM compared to an ED50 for rat GH-releasing factor (rGRF)-stimulated GH secretion of 10pM. Galanin and rGRF were additive in increasing GH release into the incubation medium. These data indicate that porcine-derived galanin has a direct effect on pituitary GH secretion invitro.
Incomplete excision of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the head and neck region: to wait, or not to wait?

Introduction Recurrence rates for incompletely excised basal cell carcinoma (BCC) vary widely in the literature. Clinical observation is a commonly accepted method of follow up, however such management of these lesions still remains controversial. Aim To evaluate the rate and factors associated with the recurrence of BCC of the head and neck region after incomplete excision. Material and methods Medical records of 135 patients with 156 incompletely excised BCCs of the head and neck region were analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome was the rate of recurrence. Additionally, a correlation of recurrence to clinical and morphological factors was analyzed. Results Recurrence occurred in 72 (46%) lesions. The mean interval to recurrence was 20 months. In each category of factors, the highest relative risk of recurrence was correlated to: location on the scalp - 2.27, diameter over 2 cm - 1.21, nodular clinical form - 1.29, morpheaform histopathological type - 1.67, recurrent lesion - 1.88, irradicality of excision in the lateral margin - 1.24 and closure of the skin defect with the split-thickness skin graft - 1.42 relative risk. Conclusions Observation is an acceptable management option as less than a half of incompletely excised BCCs recurred and needed further treatment. As 85% of recurrences occur within 3 years after operation, clinical observation should be particularly careful during this period, however long-term recurrence should not be underestimated.
Uncommon Filaggrin Variants Are Associated with Persistent Atopic Dermatitis in African Americans

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common illness that has been associated with filaggrin gene (FLG) loss of function (LoF) variation. In African Americans, a group that commonly has AD and has not been well studied, FLG LoF variation is rarely found. Our objective was to use massively parallel sequencing to evaluate FLG LoF variation in children of African ancestry to evaluate the association between FLG LoF variation and AD and AD persistence. We studied 262 African American children with AD. Nine unique FLG exon 3 LoF variants were identified for an overall minor variant frequency of 6.30% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.37–8.73). The most common variants were p.R501X (1.72%, 95% CI = 0.79–3.24), p.S3316X (1.34%, 95% CI = 0.54–2.73), and p.R826X (0.95%, 95% CI = 0.31–2.2). Over an average follow-up period of 96.4 (95% CI = 92.0–100.8) months, African American children with FLG LoF were less likely to be symptom free (odds ratio = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.14–0.89, P = 0.027) compared with a FLG wild-type child. In contrast to previous reports, uncommon FLG LoF variants in African American children exist and are associated with AD and more persistent AD. In contrast to Europeans, no FLG LoF variants predominate in African American children. Properly determining FLG LoF status requires advanced sequencing techniques.
The elastic embedding algorithm for dimensionality reduction

We propose a new dimensionality reduction method, the elastic embedding (EE), that optimises an intuitive, nonlinear objective function of the low-dimensional coordinates of the data. The method reveals a fundamental relation betwen a spectral method, Laplacian eigenmaps, and a nonlinear method, stochastic neighbour embedding; and shows that EE can be seen as learning both the coordinates and the affinities between data points. We give a homotopy method to train EE, characterise the critical value of the homotopy parameter, and study the method's behaviour. For a fixed homotopy parameter, we give a globally convergent iterative algorithm that is very effective and requires no user parameters. Finally, we give an extension to out-of-sample points. In standard datasets, EE obtains results as good or better than those of SNE, but more efficiently and robustly.
Inertia Effects in High-Rate Compression Experiments of Soft Materials

Inertia effects in Kolsky compression bar experiments have long been studied ever since the establishment of this high-rate characterization technique. As the materials under investigation become softer, new uncertainties arise in relation to the inertia stress induced by acceleration of specimen radial deformation rate. When the soft specimen is compressed at constant axial strain rate, the radial deformation rate gradually ramps up as the volume of the material needs to be conserved. This acceleration introduces an extra radial pressure term which superimposes on the intrinsic material response. In this study, we presented some recent experimental evidences on how this pressure affected the radial deformation behavior of annular soft specimens under dynamic compression at large strains. By incorporating high-speed photography to a modified Kolsky compression bar setup, the radial expansion of several soft rubbers was investigated. Inhomogeneous deformation was identified as the inner boundaries of several annular specimens exhibited counter-intuitive motions.
Mathematics at the Center of Distinct Fields: A Response to Michael and Ted

This response to Ted and Michael points out that we are unified in considering mathematics to be central in the work of mathematicians, mathematics educators, and mathematics education researchers. However, there are distinctions between the fields of pure mathematics research, the teaching and learning of mathematics, and research in mathematics education, and unless these differences are honored it is possible for researchers to talk past one another. The case of Swedish mathematics education research is examined to exemplify the distinctions. Another distinction is that between “training” and “education”. To further characterize mathematics education research, submission of manuscripts to Educational Studies in Mathematics is explored. Values and aesthetics in various relevant fields are touched upon. Finally, an example is given of the mutual enhancement that exists when mathematicians and mathematics education researchers work together in university mathematics departments.
PDE5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Hypertension

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to develop or maintain a penile erection during sexual performance. Its prevalence ranges from 25 % [1] to 52 % [2] among male adults aged 40–70 years. ED is an important risk factor for cardiovascular events [3, 4]. ED may also lower adherence to therapy in patients with chronic diseases, especially hypertension, since many antihypertensive medications have unfavorable effects on libido [5, 6].
Summary of Session C: Theoretical Dosimetry

This session consisted of four papers with emphasis on numerical methods and models that can be used to obtain SAR distributions for electromagnetic safety assessment and for providing dosimetric information for biobehavioral animal experiments. In an overview of the developments in the field, it was noted that theoretical dosimetry has progressed tremendously from the earlier relatively crude block models with resolutions of 2–5 cm to present day models based on the MRI scans with resolutions on the order of 1–5 mm This may be seen for models of the human body that have been developed at the University of Utah (paper by Gandhi), at NRPB (paper by Dimbylow) and the model based on scans of the “Visible Man” developed by Mason et al. described in their paper in this section. A much needed development (see the paper by Mason et al.) has been the creation of the heterogeneous, anatomically-based models of experimental animals such as a Sprague-Dawley rat, pigmy goat and rhesus monkey. Obtained from the MRI scans of these animals, these models are beginning to be used for dosimetric information for a variety of exposure conditions that are used for biological experiments.
Business Cycles, Medicaid Generosity, and Birth Outcomes

Birth outcomes influence many aspects of later life health and wellbeing, making healthcare access during pregnancy a policy priority. Low-income mothers often depend on Medicaid, for which eligibility is determined by their income relative to state eligibility thresholds. The prevalence of adverse birth outcomes is known to exhibit cyclical variation, due in part to changes in the composition of women giving birth in response to changing economic conditions. However, cyclical variation in adverse birth outcomes also varies with respect to Medicaid eligibility thresholds. Our analysis uses birth-records data for 2000 through 2013, aggregated into 173,936 county-by-quarter observations and linked to county-level unemployment rates and state-level parental Medicaid thresholds. Using fixed-effects negative binomial models, we examine the role of Medicaid generosity in influencing birth outcomes across business cycles. We test for interactions between Medicaid and unemployment, hypothesizing that the negative effects of recessions are worse where Medicaid thresholds are more restrictive. We find that higher Medicaid generosity dampens the negative effects of recessions on birth outcomes. The extent to which Medicaid interacts with unemployment also varies according to the age and race composition of mothers; in particular, Black mothers are both most affected by unemployment and most responsive to Medicaid generosity. Given current concerns about racial gaps in both infant and maternal mortality, our findings suggest that Medicaid may be an important feature of a strategy to close gaps in the prevalence of adverse birth outcomes across racial groups, especially during bust years.
A structured analysis of mgovernment apps and user engagement

This article examines mobile apps as a service provided through mobile government (mGovernment). Mobile apps were more typically associated with non-government businesses but are now growing in the public sector. The primary research question motivating this study is how are governments facilitating user engagement via their mobile devices through mGovernment? This study uses a citizen-consumer perspective with a theoretical framework based on the mobile user engagement model (MoEN) (Kim, Kim, & Wachter, 2013) to examine mGovernment apps. The results indicate that there are opportunities in the public sector to achieve a higher level of interaction and engagement between governments and their mobile constituents.
TCT-152 Use of the PRECISE-DAPT Score to Predict Mortality in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

The PRECISE-DAPT (P-DAPT) score has been validated in large cohorts as an effective tool in predicting bleeding complication after dual antiplatelet therapy as well as in predicting in-hospital mortality. The implication of using this score to predict outcomes including mortality in patients with
A Latent Hawkes Process Model for Event Clustering and Temporal Dynamics Learning with Applications in GitHub

Large volumes of event data are becoming increasingly available on online social networks. These events are usually causally dependent to each other, reflecting the interactions and collaborations among different parties. Learning and interpreting the temporal patterns and dynamics within these event streams plays an important role in many practical applications, such as trend prediction and anomaly detection. Since causal dependencies can be reflected in both event time (i.e., when) and event content (i.e., who and what), we thus develop a user community based generative model, called latent Hawkes process (LHP), taking into account both-side information to illustrate the generation of such inter-dependent event streams on GitHub repositories, where each attribute is assumed to be generated by interplays between correlated latent communities. Through learning of our model, two functionalities are fulfilled concurrently: event clustering (i.e., community discovery) and temporal dependency learning among these clusters (i.e., dependency profiling). To do so, we design an EM-based framework integrating sequential Monte Carlo sampling to estimate model parameters in an end-to-end manner. Through experiments on practical GitHub event data, we validate the effectiveness of LHP in extracting user community structures and learning their correlated temporal dynamics. Such knowledge further enables us to gain new insights into the development status of software, such as the project persistence and anomaly detection.
A comprehensive analysis of the mislabeling of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) products in Spain

Abstract Mislabeled commercial seafood products are pervasive, worldwide problems that threaten public health, undermine fisheries conservation efforts, and ultimately, lead to consumer financial loss. Although it can be unintentional, deliberately mislabeling of products is a more common trend used to increase profits and/or bypass fishing regulations, both of which are forms of fraud. Unfortunately, oversight, enforcement, and applied research remain insufficient relative to the global scale of the problem. To contribute to a currently small knowledge base on mislabeling rates in European markets, DNA sequence-based barcoding was applied to tissue samples from commercial products and restaurant offerings labeled as Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Spain. Atlantic cod samples (n = 546) were collected from local markets, supermarkets, and restaurants from eight cities (Madrid, Salamanca, Santiago de Compostela, Bilbao, Barcelona, Valencia, Granada, and Seville). DNA barcoding used PCR-based assays of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase-I (COI) and 16S rRNA loci. A 6.2% mislabeling rate (34/546 samples) was discovered. There was no evidence of distinct geographic patterns of mislabeling, although tissue samples obtained from restaurants were more likely to be mislabeled than those sampled in markets and supermarkets. Processed forms of product (prepared, salted/smoked) were more likely to be mislabeled than fresh or frozen products. Common ling (Molva molva), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), saithe (Pollachius virens), and Alaskan pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) were the most common substitutes, while Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were the most taxonomically dissimilar to Atlantic cod.
Reaching Rural Students: CARE Principles to Promote Student Engagement in College Biology Courses

Instructors at rural, two-year institutions have many insights that can inform biology instruction at other colleges to promote rural students' success in the sciences. We present four principles, derived from three case studies of experienced rural instructors, to consider when teaching rural students. These include connecting to students' lives, being attentive to their needs in and out of the classroom, having a rigorous curriculum, and providing expansive learning opportunities. These principles capitalize on the strengths of rural students rather than their shortcomings.
A Call to Systematically Monitor for Adverse Events in Users of Low-Dose Methotrexate Therapy.

In their article, Solomon and colleagues reported prespecified safety analyses comparing adverse events in users of low-dose methotrexate plus folic acid compared with those randomly assigned to pl...
A method to assess the performance and the relevance of segmentation in radiomic characterization

The quantification of radiomics features is impacted by a complex interplay of image quality and segmentation performance. To understand and optimize the process, it is highly beneficial to isolate the impact of each factor quantitatively. The purpose of this study was to develop a segmentation performance index (&#119904;′) to describe the segmentation performance relative to an ideal estimation, and further apply the index across several segmentation algorithms and image quality conditions in the task of characterizing lesion morphology. First, an estimator was developed with prior knowledge of the lesion and the imaging resolution properties to represent the best that an ideal segmentation operator would be expected to yield given the information content available from the image. Using three anthropomorphic lesion models of a mean contrast of 600 HU and mean radius of 5 mm, the method was applied to three segmentation operators based on (1) active contour, (2) thresholding, and (3) a commercial vendor offering (Siemens Healthineers). Images of the lesions were simulated in a uniform background for a Siemens Flash filtered back-projection (FBP) B31f reconstruction with noise magnitude ranging from 10 HU to 230 HU. Images were simulated 50 times at each noise magnitude to assess test-retest variability. The segmentation masks were used to calculate a root mean square error (RMSE) across test-retest images for morphology and size radiomics features. The ideal estimation RMSE was calculated for each feature and was divided by the segmentation RMSE resulting in the segmentation performance index (&#119904;′). The &#119904;′ values were evaluated as a function of increasing noise. Traditional segmentation quality metrics including dice coefficient, volume similarity, and Hausdorff distance were also calculated for each noise magnitude to compare against the &#119904;′ index. Traditional segmentation quality metrics are not reflective of radiomics performance. The &#119904;′ values, in contrast, were found to be both feature-specific and noisespecific, useful in characterizing the performance of segmentation algorithms in measuring radiomics features. This allows for the choice of segmentation algorithms to yield optimum radiomic performance for a given imaging condition and or protocol.
On the elastocaloric effect in CuAlBe shape memory alloys: A quantitative phase-field modeling approach

Abstract The reversible stress-induced phase transformation in shape memory alloys (SMAs) is a dissipative process during which heat is absorbed or released. The inherent temperature variations inside the material has an elastocaloric effect (eCE) with appealing applications in solid-state cooling technology such as compact and efficient on-board refrigeration system for eletronic devices. In this manuscript, we conduct the first study of eCE of CuAlBe SMAs utilizing phase-field modeling. For an applied stress of 500 MPa, the results for polycrystalline Cu-Al11-2Be (at. %) show a minimum adiabatic unloading temperature change of −10 K over a pseudoelastic window of 40 K. In the absence of plastic deformation, the material demonstrates good reproducibility of the eCE over a few loading–unloading cycles. The presence of plastic deformation is found to cause functional fatigue that deteriorates the cooling capacity; however, the coefficient of performance only decreases from 9.04 to 8.03, which is still a very good value. These results place CuAlBe as a frontrunner SMA for solid-state cooling compared to the expensive NiTi.
1187-P: Patient Demographics and Clinical Outcomes among Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Patients Using Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs): A Study from the Largest Cohort of T1D Patients in the U.S.

Background: CGM devices have been shown to improve glycemic control in patients with T1D. Despite existing clinical evidence and improved performance of CGM devices, only a small proportion of patients are using CGM. Methods: The T1D Exchange QI Collaborative (T1DX-QI) is a large cohort with twelve national clinics engaged in data sharing and quality improvement to improve outcomes. This analysis used the T1DX-QI database to examine patient attributes associated with CGM device use. Patients with one or more completed clinic encounters during the years 2017-2019 were included (N=16,414) and classified as CGM users if they indicated information on a device start date, model or company within the past one year of their most recent diabetes clinic visit. We examined the frequency of CGM device use and distribution of socio-demographic factors, as well as clinical outcomes, among CGM users versus non-users. Results: In this cohort, 27.4% of T1D patients were CGM users, with patients aged ≤26 years being more likely to use CGM. Among CGM users, 75% used a real-time device, a 3% intermittent scanning device, and 22% device type was unknown. CGM use was more likely among Non-Hispanic Whites (75%) and patients on private health insurance (72%) relative to Non-Hispanic Black patients (3%) and those on public health insurance (27%) [p Conclusion: This study highlights patient factors and clinical outcomes among CGM users in the T1DX-QI Collaborative, one of the largest sources of real world data for T1D available to-date. The findings shed light on socio-demographic variability in CGM uptake with implications for targeted interventions to promote device use in this subset of the T1D population. Disclosure N. Noor: None. N. Rioles: None. S. Majidi: Advisory Panel; Self; Companion Medical. S. Corathers: None. R. McDonough: None. S. Polsky: None. M. Greenfield: None. K. Obrynba: None. O. Ebekozien: None. D. DeSalvo: Consultant; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation. Funding The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
The Impact of Mammography Screening Guideline Changes Among Women Serving in the U.S. Military.

Introduction The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) modified their screening guidelines for breast cancer in November 2009. Previous studies evaluated the impact of these guideline changes among privately and Medicare insured populations. Women in the military form a unique population exposed to many social, environmental, and occupational hazards that may increase breast cancer incidence. By evaluating mammography screening rates among women in the military before and after the USPSTF guideline changes, this study evaluated the impact of the USPSTF breast cancer guideline change on screening mammography use within the military population and determined whether current guidelines were followed for this high-risk population with universal health care access. Materials and methods This study evaluated the impact of the 2009 guideline changes among the population of universally insured military servicewomen, comparing the proportion of active duty women aged 40 to 64 receiving mammograms from fiscal years 2006 to 2015 using an interrupted time series analysis. Stratified analyses evaluated differences by age (aged 40-49, 50-64), race, military branch, and rank. This research is considered exempt by the Uniformed Services University Institutional Review Board. Results The proportion of insured military servicewomen receiving mammograms increased from October 2005 through September 2009. A significant decrease occurred in the first quarter of 2010 following the publication of the screening guideline update. From this new baseline, the proportion of women screened increased again through September 2015. Comparative analyses showed more pronounced effects both immediately and over time among the women aged 50 to 64 compared to those aged 40 to 49 years and among older enlisted women compared with their officer counterparts. The patterns were near identical in all subgroups; however, no changes in rate were evident among Air Force and black servicewomen aged 50 to 64 and Army and Navy/Marine Corps servicewomen aged 40 to 49 years. No racial disparities in screening or impact were noted. Conclusions The USPSTF guidelines had differential impacts among some subpopulations. While older women, aged 50 to 64 years, had a greater temporary reduction immediately after the guideline change, younger women aged 40 to 49 years had a longer-term reduction in screening following the guideline changes. No racial disparities in the proportion screened or in the impact of the guideline change were noted in this population with universal health coverage. The lack of Department of Defense standard breast cancer screening guidelines was evident from the different patterns of mammography utilization observed among military branches. To completely understand the impact of the updated screening guidelines, future studies must incorporate research focusing on changes in breast cancer morbidity and mortality as well as updated cost-benefit analyses.
From Scarcity to Investment: The Range of Strategies Used by Low-Income Parents With “Good” Low-Wage Jobs:

Low-wage workers have borne the brunt of the changing labor market, including wage stagnation, growing income inequality, and increasingly unstable work environments. Most research on low-wage work...
Method for determining the residual electron- and hole-densities about the neutrality point over the gate-controlled n ↔ p transition in graphene

The Hall effect and the diagonal resistance, which indicates a residual resistivity ρxx≈h/4e2, are experimentally examined over the p ↔ n transition about the nominal neutrality point in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene. A distribution of neutrality potentials is invoked in conjunction with multi-carrier conduction to model the experimental observations. From the modeling, we extract the effective residual electron- and hole-densities around the nominal neutrality point. The results indicate mixed transport due to co-existing electrons and holes in large area zero-band gap CVD graphene devices, which indicates domain confined ambipolar currents broadly over the gate-induced n ↔ p transition.
Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration: An Option for Advancing Your “Unpublishable” Research

The purpose of this chapter is to share a personal journey from a research project that resulted in insignificant findings to the evolution of a plan to transform one’s unpublished research into a publishable product. In an effort to understand the phenomenon of a dearth of unpublished insignificant or negative research findings in the literature, the writer discovers and discusses four rules of conduct that may contribute to this state of affairs in the academic world. The writer then discusses the ramifications of the adherence to these rules for the researcher and for society. The chapter concludes by arguing for interdisciplinary collaboration as a viable tool to advance a researcher’s publishing goals.
Classical Force Fields and Methods of Molecular Dynamics

The practical size and time scale for QM based MD (QM-MD or AIMD) is 200 atoms for 50 ps. But we want to do MD on systems with 100,000 to 3 million atoms for 100’s of ns. Thus the forces from QM must be replaced for analytic functions that depend directly on distances and angles. The parameters could be trained with QM but better is to develop rules that lead to an acceptable accuracy for wide classes of materials. Thus we developed DREIDING for main group elements (columns 14–17) and later UFF for all elements (up to Lr, Z=103) aimed at inorganic materials. These are aimed at structures but not bond breaking. For bond breaking we developed the ReaxFF and RexPoN FF described in chapter 47.