cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface guided motion management in glottic larynx stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Abstract Background and purpose Involuntary motion due to swallowing cause inaccurate dose delivery during larynx radiotherapy, a deviation that may be particularly problematic during stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The goal of this study was to develop a motion management solution for larynx SBRT using surface imaging. Material and methods Ten patients were recently treated on a phase II study of larynx SBRT on a LINAC equipped with a surface guidance system. A small region of the immobilization mask was manually cut open to allow surface tracking. Pre-treatment and intra-fractional CBCTs were acquired to verify internal anatomy. Patients were verbally instructed not to swallow during treatment. During treatment delivery, beam hold was initiated by the Motion Management Interface if surface motion exceeded a patient-specific threshold. Patient motion was recorded in log files and analyzed. We also performed phantom studies to assess the theoretical impact of gating on dose delivery. Results The frequency (6.5 ± 5.2 times per fraction) and duration (3.9 ± 2.5 seconds per swallow) of swallowing varied both between patients and fractions. The magnitude of each swallow showed mean peak amplitude at 5.8 ± 3.8 mm above baseline, mostly in the longitudinal direction. Beam duty cycle was 95.0% ± 7.0% (absolute range: 76–100%), with inefficiency most prominent in the early fractions. The 95th percentile residual motion was reduced from 3.4 mm to 2.3 mm with both verbal instruction and gating. Phantom studies confirmed dose delivery accuracy represented by gamma pass rate was improved by 5% using this approach. Conclusions Laryngeal motion management using surface imaging is feasible and efficacious. Uncontrolled movement of the larynx was not uncommon during treatment, with gating reducing potential for unplanned dose deviations. Additional research is needed to determine the clinical benefit with this system.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and the experimentally infected boar

iv INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 1 Literature Review 1 Statement of the Problem 21 EXCRETION OF PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (PRRS) VIRUS IN SEMEN FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF BOARS 22 Abstract 22 Introduction 23 Materials and methods 24 Results 28 Discussion 31 Acknowledgements 35 References 35 OUTCOME OF INSEMINATION OF GILTS WITH PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (PRRS) VIRUSCONTAMINATED SEMEN 40 Abstract 40 Introduction 41 Materials and methods 42 Results 46 Discussion 47 Acknowlegements 50 References 51
Urban and Rural Differences in Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Later Life in the United States

Objective:This research has two primary goals: to examine the relationship between urban residence and trajectories of depressive symptoms and to investigate whether this relationship differs by so...
Sports-Related Craniofacial Injuries Among Pediatric and Adolescent Females: A National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Database Study.

BACKGROUND Number of female athletes continues to exponentially increase in all sports; however, available literature detailing craniofacial injuries remains scarce. Compared to male athletes, female athletes may experience different types of injuries. These may be related to sex differences such as craniofacial pain and dimensions. Thus, this study assesses the type of sport and craniofacial injuries that pediatric and adolescent female athletes sustain. METHODS National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was analyzed for all hospital admissions for young female athletes (5-24 years old) experiencing a sports-related craniofacial injury. These included contusions and abrasions, lacerations, fractures, and hematomas. Following sports were analyzed for craniofacial injury: basketball, golf, soccer, ice skating, swimming, softball, horseback riding, volleyball, field hockey, and football. RESULTS Most of the sports-related craniofacial injury occurred in female athletes who are between 10 and 19 years old. Across all age groups, softball (34.9%), basketball (28.1%), and soccer (15.6%) caused majority of the craniofacial injuries. The most common presenting craniofacial injury types were contusions and abrasions as well as lacerations. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for improved protective gear, such as face shields and low-impact balls, especially in softball and basketball. Physicians should consider the differences in female versus male and child versus adult injury pattern when treating female athletes in order to prevent long-term complications, such as scarring and depression. Overall, sports-related craniofacial injuries among female athletes need to be further examined as the epidemiology of their injuries and their health needs are unique.
Integrative approach identifies SLC6A20 and CXCR6 as putative causal genes for the COVID-19 GWAS signal in the 3p21.31 locus

To date the locus with the most robust human genetic association to COVID-19 susceptibility is 3p21.31. Here, we integrate genome-scale CRISPR loss-of-function screens and eQTLs in diverse cell types and tissues to pinpoint genes underlying COVID-19 risk. Our findings identify SLC6A20 and CXCR6 as putative causal genes that mediate COVID-19 risk and highlight the usefulness of this integrative approach to bridge the divide between correlational and causal studies of human biology.
Is Aspergillus isolated from respiratory cultures clinically significant

Aspergillus is ubiquitous, so the significance of the finding depends on the patient’s symptoms, underlying lung condition, immune status, and radiologic fi ndings.
Handheld navigation in total knee arthroplasty

Abstract Handheld navigation is now available for use in total knee arthroplasty, allowing for precision cuts of the distal femur and proximal tibia. By using inertial sensors and accelerometers, the handheld navigation unit is able to provide real-time, intraoperative information about alignment without additional incisions or arrays, line-of-sight issues, or the large capital expense associated with large console navigation systems. This handheld navigation unit reduces alignment outliers commonly seen with conventional guides, potentially leading to benefits in knee function and implant longevity.
Promoting Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in People with Mental Retardation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the promotion of intrinsic motivation and self-determination in people with mental retardation. Self-determination theory is outlined and used as a basis for discussing the facilitation of education and adjustment of individuals with mental retardation. The theory differentiates intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, with respect to the concept of self-determination. The innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness are used as a basis for specifying how ongoing social contexts as well as intervention programs will affect self-determined motivation and, in turn, learning, adjustment, and life circumstances. Conceptualization and empirical exploration of the distinction between autonomous and controlled behavior began with the differentiation of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Extrinsically motivated behaviors that are done to attain a specific outcome, such as parental approval can become autonomous or self-determined through the developmental processes of internalization and integration. An autonomy-supportive parenting style was evidenced by a willingness to offer choice and to consider the child's perspective when making decisions about his or her homework and other school-related activities.
Micro-mechanical properties of commercial TiN coatings

The Vickers hardness HV, elastic modulus E and interfacial fracture toughness K{sub ic} of four commercial TiN coatings applied to a 17-4 PH stainless steel substrate were evaluated using a Nanomechanical Probe (NMP). The HV values of the TiN layers deposited by different methods varied between about 28 and 41 GPa, depending on the deposition process. The elastic modulus, on the other hand, appeared to remain constant at 320-330 GPa for all coatings examined. Finally, distinct differences between the K{sub ic} values representing the bond strength of the coating/substrate interface were observed.
Depressant Effect of Sodium Nitroprusside on the Lower Esophageal Sphincter of the Opossum

In this study, we evaluated the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a vascular smooth-muscle relaxant, on lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure in the opossum. Resting LES pressure was monitored with a perfused sleeve sensor which allows accurate recording of LES pressure irrespective of axial LES motion. Intravenous pulse doses and infusion doses of SNP both caused significant decreases in both blood pressure and LES pressure. LES tone, however, was more sensitive to SNP than blood pressure. For example, an SNP pulse dose of 20 FLg/kg which lowered blood pressure only about 30% virtually abolished LES tone. A similar result was obtained for an SNP infusion dose of 10 μg/kg/min. Tachyphylaxis to SNP did not occur for repeated pulse doses to 10 μg/kg, but did develop during a 20min infusion of 10 μg/kg/min. The effect of SNP on LES pressure was not antagonized by propranolol, metiamide, haloperidol, atropine, phentolomine, or tetrodotoxin. We conclude that the potent depressant effect of SNP on LES tone is due to a direct action of the drug on sphincter smooth muscle.
Exact quadratization of nonlinear systems: a useful tool in mathematical biology

It is widely established that nontrivial phenomena under investigation in life science undergo a nonlinear behavior, examples coming from reaction chemical kinetics, mathematical modeling of physiological systems, systems biology. It is as well known that linear approximations use to work according to little displacements from the linearization working point, that in fact strongly reduces the reliability of their applications in real cases, especially when the final purpose of the mathematical model is to provide a rigorous support to design a suitable control law (e.g. for the artificial pancreas, where most of the model-based control laws available in the literature are based on the linearization of the nonlinear model equations). Steps forward the first-order approximation have been done according to the Carleman polynomial approximation, providing the embedding of the original nonlinear system into a bilinear one on an infinite dimensional state space: as a matter of fact, a finite dimensional approximation will be required, truncating the higher order terms of the polynomial. This contribute aims to introduce a different viewpoint, providing the exact quadratization of the original nonlinear model on a finite dimensional state space. The class of nonlinear system where the proposed methodology can be applied is the one of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) nonlinear algebraic systems in n-dimension, that means ODE systems with each scalar derivative described by the product of the powers of the components of the state vector. The algorithm providing the exact quadratization allows to build the new ODE equations on an extended (but finite-dimensional) state space. Nevertheless, extensions can be build also for saturating functions (e.g. the Hill functions) that so frequently come up in life science frameworks. The general setting of application of the proposed exact quadratization seems in fact promising to face a wide range of problems, spanning from stability analysis to pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics problems, to control system design. This talk will show the application of this mathematical tool in a rather recent model of the glucose-insulin system, which reveals to be a nonlinear Delay Differential Equations (DDE) system, since the pancreatic insulin delivery rate properly models the physiological delay between the glucose-induced stimulus and the corresponding endogenous insulin secretion.
A growth model in multiple dimensions and the height of a random partial order

We introduce a model of a randomly growing interface in multi- dimensional Euclidean space. The growth model incorporates a random or- der model as an ingredient of its graphical construction, in a way that repli- cates the connection between the planar increasing sequences model and the one-dimensional Hammersley process. We prove a hydrodynamic limit for the height process, and a limit which says that certain perturbations of the ran- dom surface follow the characteristics of the macroscopic equation. By virtue of the space-time Poissonian construction, we know the macroscopic velocity function explicitly up to a constant factor.
A 60 GHz single-layer Fabry-Perot Cavity Antennas using sparse array for circularly polarized radiation

Circular Polarized (CP) antennas are useful in wireless communication since the CP waves will not be affected as they travel in different media. Moreover, the CP antennas compared to Linear Polarized (LP) antennas are less sensitive to the orientation angle between the transmitter and receiver. Unlicensed 7-GHz bandwidth at center frequency of 60 GHz is amenable for high data rate wireless communications. Due to high demand for the ISM 60GHz band to establish a secure and stable communication link, Circular Polarized high gain antennas are favorable.
The Relationship Between Health Insurance and Labor Force Decisions: An Analysis of Married Women

Understanding family decision making regarding health insurance and labor supply is of particular importance for investigating the effects of policy proposals to improve access to health insurance coverage for workers and their families. In this paper, we estimate a model of labor supply (full time work, part time work or no work) and job choice (the choice of a job that offers health insurance) on a sample of married women from the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES). We use a simultaneous framework that controls for the endogenous probability that the husband is offered insurance. This approach addresses biases that may arise when estimating the propensity to be offered insurance on a selected sample of working married women. In addition, it controls for the effect of part-time and full-time work status on offer propensities. We find evidence that health insurance affects both the wife's labor supply and job choice decisions. Women whose husbands are not offered insurance are more likely to work than other women and are more likely to work in jobs providing health insurance.
Redox control of teratogenesis

A number of human teratogens elicit their deleterious effects through mechanisms involving the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. However, classic definitions of oxidative stress do not fully coincide with basic fundamental principles of teratology. Newer definitions of oxidative stress focus on the targeted redox modification of cysteine/thiol functional groups found in the regulatory domains of critical signaling pathway proteins, suggesting that the targeted disruption of signaling through specific redox couples may account for the specificity of teratogen-induced malformations which previously could not be rationalized. Here, we review examples of teratogens that induce ROS and oxidative injury, describe oxidative stress-related teratogenic mechanisms, and provide rationale for developmental periods of sensitivity and species susceptibility. Understanding how chemicals disrupt redox status, induce oxidative stress leading to dysmorphogenesis becomes important to identify potential teratogens and develop therapeutic interventions for attenuation of harmful chemical effects in utero following exposure.
The binding of thyrotropin to liposomes containing gangliosides.

Abstract Multilamellar liposomes containing mixed brain gangliosides specifically bind 125 I-labeled bovine thyrotropin. Ganglioside-free liposomes do not bind the hormone. The amount of hormone bound correlates with the molar ratio gangliosides: phospholipid. The binding of 125 I-labeled thyrotropin to gangliosides containing liposomes resembles the binding to thyroid plasma membranes; it is characterized by relatively high affinity, is competed for by the cold hormone, and is decreased by increasing ionic strength and temperature.
The Far-Reaching Impact of Job Loss and Unemployment

Job loss is an involuntary disruptive life event with a far-reaching impact on workers' life trajectories. Its incidence among growing segments of the workforce, alongside the recent era of severe economic upheaval, has increased attention to the effects of job loss and unemployment. As a relatively exogenous labor market shock, the study of displacement enables robust estimates of associations between socioeconomic circumstances and life outcomes. Research suggests that displacement is associated with subsequent unemployment, long-term earnings losses, and lower job quality; declines in psychological and physical well-being; loss of psychosocial assets; social withdrawal; family disruption; and lower levels of children's attainment and well-being. While reemployment mitigates some of the negative effects of job loss, it does not eliminate them. Contexts of widespread unemployment, although associated with larger economic losses, lessen the social-psychological impact of job loss. Future research should attend more fully to how the economic and social-psychological effects of displacement intersect and extend beyond displaced workers themselves.
Structure, behavior, and function of complex systems: The structure, behavior, and function modeling language

Teleological modeling is fundamental to understanding and explaining many complex systems, especially engineered systems. Research on engineering design and problem solving has developed several ontologies for expressing teleology, for example, functional representation, function–behavior–structure, and structure–behavior–function (SBF). In this paper, we view SBF as a programming language. SBF models of engineering systems have been used in several computer programs for automated design and problem solving. The SBF language captures the expressive power of the earlier programs and provides a basis for interactive construction of SBF models. We provide a precise specification of the SBF language. We also describe an interactive model construction tool called SBFAuthor.
The extraordinary glow

Abstract In this contribution I discuss some recent progress in understanding the evolution of the pre-thermal quark–gluon matter, known as the glasma, during the early stage in heavy ion collisions, and the implication for early time photon and dilepton emissions.
Expression of the 39k Promoter of Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Is Increased by the Apoptotic Suppressor P35

The 39k promoter of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) is transactivated by the viral protein IE1 and further stimulated by viral enhancer elements and the viral coactivator IE2. To identify additional viral proteins that regulate expression from the 39k promoter, we performed cotransfection experiments with clones of viral DNA and a plasmid containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the control of the 39k promoter. Our results indicated that cotransfection of a 39cat construct with plasmids containing IE1 and the EcoRI-S fragment of viral DNA stimulated CAT activity 2.5-fold as compared to cells transfected in the absence of EcoRI-S. EcoRI-S encodes P35, a protein that suppresses apoptosis in AcNPV-infected cells. Primer extension analysis showed that the increase in CAT activity was due to a corresponding increase in mRNA, indicating that P35 may increase transcription from the 39k promoter. To determine whether P35 could activate the 39k promoter in the absence of IE1, the p35 open reading frame was cloned under the control of the ie1 promoter. Cotransfections of 39cat and IE-P35 in the presence and absence of pIE1 indicated that activation of 39k by P35 required the IE1 protein. Cotransfection of plasmids encoding P35 and IE1 did not lead to an increase in the expression of IE1. This suggests that the mechanism of P35 is different than that of IE2 which activates 39k indirectly by increasing the expression of IE1. Cotransfection experiments indicated that IE2 and P35 act in a synergistic fashion.
Homogeneous CO2 reduction by Ni(cyclam) at a glassy carbon electrode.

The homogeneous CO2 reduction activity of several nickel cyclam complexes was examined by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis. CO production with high efficiency from unsubstituted Ni(cyclam) was verified, while the activity was found to be attenuated with methyl substitution of the amines on the cyclam ring. Reactivity with CO2 was also probed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The relative CO2 binding energies to the NiI state obtained from DFT were found to match well with the experimental results and shed light on the possible importance of the isomeric form of Ni(cyclam) in determining the catalytic activity.
Platelet factor 4 and adenosine diphosphate release during human platelet aggregation.

PLATELET FACTOR 4 (PF4) is a low molecular weight, heat stable protein which neutralizes heparin1,2. Recent reports indicate PF4 is released from human platelets during aggregation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adrenaline, thrombin and collagen3,4. It is known that human platelet aggregation in plasma containing citrate proceeds in two phases in response to adrenaline, ADP and thrombin5–8. Reversible platelet aggregation seems to be chiefly the result of changes in the platelet membrane induced by external stimuli. The second phase is accompanied by the selective release of various platelet contents, including adenine nucleotides, 5-hydroxytryptamine and certain lysosomal enzymes9. We have examined the release of PF4 in human platelet-rich plasma with particular reference to the two phases of platelet aggregation. We also compared release of PF4 with ADP release.
HERPESVIRUS INFECTION IN STRANDED PACIFIC HARBOR SEALS OF COASTAL CALIFORNIA

Histopathological examination revealed multifocal acute to chronic adrenal necrosis in 74 of 162 (45%) Pacific harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina richardsi) dying during rehabilitation following live stranding along the coast of central and northern California (USA). Necrotic adrenal cells contained amphophilic, smudgy intranuclear inclusion bodies that were stained positive for DNA. Fifty of these seals also had lesions typical of sepsis, bacterial omphalophlebitis, pneumonia or gastroenteritis. Twenty four seals had no lesions other than thymic atrophy and occasional multifocal hepatic necrosis. Prior to death, affected seals had a marked lymphopenia. Electron microscopy revealed unenveloped intranuclear hexagonal to round viral particles approximately 100 nm in diameter, and cytoplasmic enveloped virions approximately 160 nm in diameter. These were morphologically consistent with herpesvirus. Inoculation of phocine adrenal and kidney cell lines with an adrenal tissue homogenate from affected animals produced a cytopathic effect in 5 days. Electron microscopy of cell cultures showing this cytopathic effect revealed similar viral particles to those observed in affected adrenal glands. Cases with characteristic inclusion bodies were observed in 42 of 95 (44%) male and 32 of 67 (47%) female seals. Affected animals had been in rehabilitation 0 to 63 days and were below average birth weight for this species.
Genetic polymorphisms in chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis

Objectives/Hypothesis: Although many proinflammatory cytokines have been identified in nasal polyp tissue, the initial trigger that causes this inflammation characterized by edema, lymphocytosis, and eosinophilia, is still unknown. The purpose of the present study is to identify the presence of genetic polymorphisms in proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and chemokine genes that might contribute to genetic susceptibility to chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CHSwNP). Study Design: Case control study. Methods: Buccal swabs were taken from the left and right oral mucosal surfaces from 179 patients with CHSwNP and 153 nonpolyposis controls with the Purgene DNA purification protocol (Gentra). Genotyping assays for cytokine gene loci were performed on 14 cytokine genes using the iPlex Gold and the Mass Array Compact system (Sequenom, San Diego, CA). Tests of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium proportions were performed separately in the cases and controls. Tests for evidence of association between alleles at each single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and casecontrol status were performed using unconditional logistic regression. Results: The frequency of the A allele in a SNP located in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a (rs1800629) is significantly different in patients with nasal polyposis versus controls without nasal polyposis, 18.6% and 11.5%, respectively with an individuals’ odds of susceptibility to nasal polyps increasing almost twofold (odds ratio, 1.86; confidence interval, 1.4–3.09) given at least one copy of the A allele at this SNP. All other cytokine gene polymorphisms of both inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and chemokine genes were not statistically different between the two groups. Conclusions: TNF-a-308, a SNP in the promoter region of this cytokine gene is associated with increased odds of developing nasal polyposis. TNF-a is a potent immuno-mediator and proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a large number of human diseases. The location of this gene on the short arm of chromosome 6, with the major histocompatibility complex genes and complement, has raised the probability that polymorphism within this locus may contribute to a genetic association of this region of the genome with a wide variety of infectious and autoimmune diseases.
CLOSED FORM SOLUTION FOR RELIABILITY DESIGN OF BEAMS

Abstract Most of the research papers in the area of Reliability are concerned with the evaluation of probability of failures for various limit states or calculation of safety index (β). There are few papers in the area of inverse formulation of reliability. This paper specifically deals with the design of various reinforced concrete members for given probability of failure levels. The probability-of-failure levels for various members are taken from literature and the reliability design problem is formulated as a polynomial equation in terms of the design parameters. The solution of the polynomial is obtained using some standard techniques which, in turn, gives the design values of the members for that specified probability of failure. This approach is applicable to any reinforced concrete member and the results have direct application for practicing engineers.
Anomalous crossing frequency in odd proton nuclei.

A generic explanation for the recently observed anomalous crossing frequencies in odd proton rare earth nuclei is given. As an example, the proton 1/2[541] band in $^{175}\mathrm{Ta}$ is discussed in detail by using the angular momentum projection theory. It is shown that the quadrupole pairing interaction is decisive in delaying the crossing point and the changes in crossing frequency along the isotope chain are due to the different neutron shell fillings.
Ion distribution and electronic stopping power for Au ions in silicon carbide

Abstract Accurate knowledge of ion distribution and electronic stopping power for heavy ions in light targets is highly desired due to the large errors in prediction by the widely used Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) code. In this study, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) are used as complementary techniques to determine the distribution of Au ions in SiC with energies from 700 keV to 15 MeV. In addition, a single ion technique with an improved data analysis procedure is applied to measure the electronic stopping power for Au ions in SiC with energies up to ∼70 keV/nucleon. Large overestimation of the electronic stopping power is found by SRIM prediction in the low energy regime up to ∼50 keV/nucleon. The stopping power data and the ion ranges are crosschecked with each other and a good agreement is achieved.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas

Objectives To describe the current state of the knowledge regarding the pathology, clinical presentation, treatment strategies, and nursing management of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, specifically, mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome. Data Sources Book chapters, review articles, published research studies, proceedings from professional meetings. Conclusions Although mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome are rare, epidemiologic studies suggest an increasing incidence. Advances in cellular biology and immunology result in continuously changing diagnostic and treatment strategies aimed at this illness. Implications for Nursing Practice Oncology nurses need an understanding of the current state of the knowledge of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma to meet the extensive needs of patients confronted with this chronic, progressively devastating malignancy.
Moving Over: The role of systematic semantic processes in defining individual lexemes

This article argues that OVER profiles the relation between a schematic path and a LM � even when it describes an objectively static scene. It situates OVER within the overall system of spatial prepositions in English, focusing primarily on the general semantic patterns that over shares with other route Ps (THROUGH, AROUND, ACROSS, �), i.e., prepositions that profile a path defined by its internal structure and location rather than by its endpoints. OVER thus contrasts systematically with locational Ps (IN, ON, ABOVE, IN FRONT OF, �) that profile the ordinary location of a trajector. These systematic contrasts consistently account for the differences between OVER and its paradigmatic alternatives. The analysis suggests adopting a more dynamic conception of a "semantic network" that consists mainly of interpretational processes that are shared with other expressions in the system.
A FORTRAN solution for evaluating the coefficients of the power method for nonnormal transformation

With the aid of the IMSL, a FORTRAN program has been written for identifying coefficients derived from the power method developed by Fleishman for nonnormal transformations of a standard normal variable. With this program researchers can discern whether or not specific nonnormal conditions are attainable. After identifying the appropriate coefficients, researchers can now easily obtain nonnormal variables that have the prespecified skewness and kurtosis from a standard normal variable.
CHANGE: A Place-Based Curriculum for Understanding Climate Change at Storm Peak Laboratory, Colorado

Curriculum in High Altitude Environments for Teaching Global Climate Change Education (CHANGE) uses place-based education to teach middle school students about meteorology and climate as a basis to improve climate science literacy. The curriculum provides in-school and out-of-school instruction and connects students with scientists at Storm Peak Laboratory, a high-elevation atmospheric research facility above Steamboat Springs, Colorado. Following an initial 2-h classroom lesson, students record their own measurements of temperature, pressure, wind speed, and particle concentrations while traveling up the mountain to Storm Peak Laboratory. After returning to the classroom, students graph these data and analyze their results. Evaluation of this program showed that students improved their knowledge of key concepts pertaining to climate literacy. The hands-on, place-based format of CHANGE can be used as a model for middle school students in alpine communities to teach lessons in weather and climate and can b...
Effect of sterol carrier protein-2 expression on sphingolipid distribution in plasma membrane lipid rafts/caveolae

Although sphingolipids are highly important signaling molecules enriched in lipid rafts/caveolae, relatively little is known regarding factors such as sphingolipid binding proteins that may regulate the distribution of sphingolipids to lipid rafts/caveolae of living cells. Since early work demonstrated that sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) enhanced glycosphingolipid transfer from membranes in vitro, the effect of SCP-2 expression on sphingolipid distribution to lipid rafts/caveolae in living cells was examined. Using a non-detergent affinity chromatography method to isolate lipid rafts/caveolae and non-rafts from purified L-cell plasma membranes, it was shown that lipid rafts/caveolae were highly enriched in multiple sphingolipid species including ceramides, acidic glycosphingolipids (ganglioside GM1); neutral glycosphingolipids (monohexosides, dihexosides, globosides), and sphingomyelin as compared to non-raft domains. SCP-2 overexpression further enriched the content of total sphingolipids and select sphingolipid species in the lipid rafts/caveolae domains. Analysis of fluorescence binding and displacement data revealed that purified human recombinant SCP-2 exhibited high binding affinity (nanomolar range) for all sphingolipid classes tested. The binding affinity decreased in the following order: ceramides > acidic glycosphingolipid (ganglioside GM1) > neutral glycosphingolipid (monohexosides, hexosides, globosides) > sphingomyelin. Enrichment of individual sphingolipid classes to lipid rafts/caveolae versus non-rafts in SCP-2 expressing plasma membranes followed closely with those classes most strongly bound to SCP-2 (ceramides, GM1 > the neutral glycosphingolipids (monohexosides, dihexosides, and globosides) > sphingomyelin). Taken together these data suggested that SCP-2 acts to selectively regulate sphingolipid distribution to lipid rafts/caveolae in living cells.
A polymorphism but no mutations in the GADD45 gene in breast cancers

The p53 gene product is part of a pathway regulating growth arrest at the G1 checkpoint of the cell cycle. Mutation of other components of this pathway, including the products of the ataxia telangiectasia (AT), GADD45, mdm2, and p21WAF1/CIP1 genes may have effects comparable to mutations in the p53 gene. The GADD45 gene is induced by ionizing radiation and several DNA-damaging xenobiotics. Induction requires the binding of wild-type p53 to an evoulutionarily highly conserved putative intronic p53 binding site in intron 3 of GADD45. We recently analyzed the entire coding region of the p53 gene in primary breast cancers of Midwestern white women and found 21 mutations among 53 tumors (39,6%). We now have shown by direct sequencing that there are no mutations in the intronic p53 binding site of the GADD45 gene in any of the 53 primary breast cancers and no mutations in the entire coding region of the GADD45 gene in a subset of 26 consecutive tumors (12 with p53 mutation and 14 without p53 mutation). The only sequence variation detected was a common polymorphism in intron 3. The absence of mutations in the GADD45 gene, including the putative p53-binding intronic site, suggests that this gene is not a frequent target of mutations in breast cancer. Although mutations of the p53 gene have been studied in a wide spectrum of human cancers, GADD45 has not been examined in any tumor or cell line to the best of our knowledge. Our results raise the possibility that mutation of the GADD45 gene alone is not functionally equivalent to loss of wild-type p53 activity.
Hydrogen Evolution at Si-based Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Photoelectrodes Enhanced by Inversion Channel Charge Collection and Hydrogen Spillover

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting represents a promising route for renewable production of hydrogen, but trade-offs between stability and efficiency have limited the performance of PEC devices. I will describe a new approach using a Si MIS diode with catalyst metal contacts that combines stability with high performance.
Toward an extremum characterization of kinetic stability

Abstract In this paper the Hamiltonian Action-based stability ideas of Routh are combined with Trefftz's variational formulation of the adjacent configuration method of static buckling into a comprehensive time-integral-of-energy-based extremum criterion of kinetic stability. Specifically, if the action functional along a fundamental path is a minimum for an arbitrarily long time interval of integration then the path is unstable, whereas if it ceases to do so at some point, then the path is stable up to that point; this latter leads to a direct method for approximate stability limit calculations. Some relevant analytical tools are also discussed, and finally applications of the criteria to the stability of equilibrium, and that of the steady state of Duffing's (cubic and harmonically-forced) oscillator are presented.
Religiosity in a hemodialysis population and its relationship to satisfaction with medical care, satisfaction with life, and adherence

Background: The religious beliefs and spirituality of patients on hemodialysis (HD) therapy have not been studied extensively. Studies of the dialysis population seem to indicate that religion may be associated with increased patient satisfaction with life and increased levels of social support. Methods: Using multiple religiosity scales and scales to assess patient satisfaction with life and social support, we studied the relationship between religiosity and medical and/or social factors and adherence to treatment in 74 HD patients. Results: High scores on the Intrinsic Religiosity Scale were associated strongly with high scores on the Satisfaction With Life Scale, whereas age and high Organizational Religious Activity Scale scores were associated strongly with high scores on the Satisfaction With Medical Care Scale. Older age was associated strongly with increased adherence. No relationship existed between religiosity and adherence in our population. Conclusion: Religious beliefs are related strongly to measures of satisfaction with life, whereas religious behaviors are related to satisfaction with medical care. Age is the single most important demographic factor associated with adherence. Because of the complex nature of religiosity, additional investigation is in order.
Overlapping mental operations in serial performance with preview

Dual-task research has revealed a response-selection bottleneck: response selection cannot occur simultaneously in two different tasks, though perceptual processing may overlap response selection (Welford, 1952; Pashler & Johnston, 1989). In serial performance with preview, the same task is performed repeatedly, but stimuli are available well before response. Does the dual-task bottleneck limit the rate of responding in this situation, despite the fact that task set need not change? Four experiments examined manual responses to letters, varying stimulus preview. Preview increased RTs for the first response and reduced the subsequent inter-response intervals (IRIs). Preview also reduced the effect of visual intensity and response duration on IRIs, whereas effects of stimulus-response mapping variables were unchanged. These results indicate that the response-selection bottleneck limits serial performance, just as it limits concurrent performance of two unrelated tasks. This implies that the response-selecti...
Phase I trial of a new nitrosourea, CGP 6809, given every 2 weeks

A phase I study was carried out on a new water-soluble nitrosourea, 6-deoxy-3,5 di-O-methyl 6-(3 methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-alpha-D-glucofuranoside (EDMN, CGP 6809), given every 2 weeks. A total of 18 patients received doses of 1, 2, 3, and 3.75 g/m2 as a 2- to 5-h infusion. Toxicity principally involved nausea and vomiting, hepatotoxicity, and abdominal pain. There was no evidence of cumulative toxicity. The dose of 3.75 g/m2 was not exceeded because in a previous phase I study, 4.5 g/m2 every 6 weeks was not tolerated; the recommended dose for phase II studies is 3.75 g/m2 every 2 weeks.
The Management of Technology: A Production and Operations Management Perspective

We highlight many of the traditional research themes in the management of technology as well as research themes on emerging topics such as those that appear in this focused issue. The discussion demonstrates the breadth and multidisciplinary nature of management of technology as well as the variety of methods employed in management of technology research. We conclude by offering a list of research themes that are of particular interest to the Management of Technology Department of Production and Operations Management.
Comparison of spindle elongation in vivo and in vitro in Stephanopyxis turris.

SUMMARY The spindle in dividing cells of the diatom Stephanopyxis turris contains three distinct classes of microtubules: central spindle microtubules, which slide over each other and grow during anaphase spindle elongation; kinetochore-attached microtubules, which are located on the outer surface of the central spindle; and peripheral microtubules, which fan out from the spindle poles in astral-like arrays. The poles are multilayered structures, which remain attached to the spindle after isolation. In vitro , after addition of ATP, central spindles elongate and the two half-spindles slide completely apart with a concurrent decrease in the extent and magnitude of the zone of microtubule overlap. Spindle elongation takes place in spindles whose chromatin has been removed by enzymic digestion and the extent of elongation in vitro is increased by the addition of neurotubulin. After ATP addition the arrays of interdigitating microtubules in the zone of overlap become disordered and selectively depolymerize from the overlap zone polewards. In some reactivated spindles an unusual structure, a striated fibre, can be seen running from the pole plates part of the way towards the spindle midzone. The fibre has no precedent in mitotic ultrastructure and its function is unclear. These results demonstrate that we can duplicate the essential elements of anaphase B in vitro and that this system will be useful for further studies of the molecular basis of spindle elongation.
SYNTHESIS OF THE MACROCYCLIC POLYTHIA ETHER, (7.7)(2,6)DITHIA(2,5)THIOPHENOPHANE

The macrocyclic polythia ether [7.7](2,6)dithia(2,5)thiophenophane 2 has been prepared by condensation of the dilithio salt of propane-1,3-dithiol with 2,5-bis (chloromethyl)lhiophene.
Les Centres Bulbaires De La Régulation Posturale Des Mouvements Respiratoires Chez Le Chat

(1938). Les Centres Bulbaires De La Regulation Posturale Des Mouvements Respiratoires Chez Le Chat. Archives Internationales de Physiologie: Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 133-148.
A study of the mechanism and kinetics of the reaction of O(3P) atoms with propane

The mechanism and kinetics of the reaction of O(3P) atoms with propane were investigated using molecular modulation spectroscopy, with the O(3P) atoms being generated by the Hg photosensitized decomposition of N2O. The absorption spectrum of the X2II3/2 state of OH was observed in the ultraviolet between 307 and 309 nm, and it was confirmed that OH was the product of the O(3P) reaction with propane. The rate constants for the reactions of O(3P) and OH with propane were determined to be 3.9±0.7±1010 and 1.19±0.05±1012 cm3/mole·sec, respectively, at T=56±5°C.
Trapping of radioactive microspheres in the pregnant and non-pregnant rabbit.

We injected radioactive microspheres, 15, 25 and 50 μn in diameter in the left ventricle or the lower aorta of rabhits and counted the radioactivity in the lungs to estimate the fraction of microspheres shunted through the systemic circulation. The degree of microsphere shunting was inversely proportional to microsphere diameter. The maximum fraction of 15 μm micro-spheres shunted after an aortic injection was 8.8 % as compared with 6.2 % with 25 μm spheres and 1.2 % with 50 μm spheres. There was no statistically significant change in the fraction of microspheres shunted in pregnancy or with anesthesia. Shunted microspheres may continue to arrive in the lungs for up to 15 min following aortic injection. Microspheres at least 25 μm in diameter should he employed to measure the fractional distribution of cardiac output in rahbits although it may he preferable to use smaller microspheres to measure blood flow within certain organs.
Probability theory and perception of randomness: Bridging “ought” and “is”

We argue that approaches adhering to normative systems can be as fruitful as those by descriptive systems. In measuring people's perception of randomness, discrepancies between human behavior and normative models could have resulted from unknown properties of the models, and it does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that people are irrational or that the normative system has to be abandoned.
Evaluation and Minimization of Aberrations for a Solenoid Lens

Relativistically correct computer simulations of transporting a beam of charged particles through a solenoid lens were used to study nonlinear focusing effects of this lens type. Input beams with both zero and nonzero emittance can be studied. The magnetic field is specified either by a Fourier-Bessel function-type expansion of the vector potential at a suitably chosen radius or by a direct interpolation of the fields calculated by the magnet design code POISSON. As an area in phase space, the dependence of nonlinear effects on field strength and beam radius was determined for a few magnetic field distributions. Attempts to tailor the field to minimize spherical aberrations are discussed.
FURTHER EVALUATION OF THE USE OF HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE AS A NEW AID FOR THE ENDOSCOPIC DETECTION OF MALIGNANT DISEASE.

I N AN EARLIER COMMUNICATION,’ WE REported our experience with a hematoporphyrin derivative and fluorescent endoscopy. Our experience with the technic led us to the conclusion that it held considerable promise for becoming a valuable adjunct for the detection of malignant disease. Since the preparation of that report, 35 cases have been added to our series, bringing the total number of patients in which the procedure has been used to 50. It is our total experience with the use of fluorescent endoscopy that we wish to report at this time.
Saturation Magnetoresistance and Impurity Scattering Anisotropy in n -Type Silicon

In the classical strong-field region the magnetoresistance of semiconductors is expected to saturate. If one investigates the dependence of the saturation magnetoresistance upon impurity concentration, i.e., upon the strength of ionized-impurity scattering, quantitative conclusions may be drawn concerning the anisotropy of the relaxation time for such scattering. The strong-field longitudinal magnetoresistance and carrier mobility of phosphorus-doped silicon have been studied in dc magnetic fields to 90 kG at 78\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Measurements were made on a series of [111]-oriented samples covering the doping range 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{13}$-6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{16}$ phosphorus atoms /${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. A quantitative analysis has been made involving Maxwellian averages over carrier energy and relaxation times that combine the impurity, intravalley, and intervalley scattering mechanisms. The strength of the impurity scattering in each sample was taken to be $\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{L}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ where ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{L}$ is the known lattice scattering mobility and $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is the conductivity mobility determined from the measured value of $\frac{{R}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}$, the ratio of the strong field Hall coefficient to the resistivity. The data agree very well with the theory of Samoilovich, Korenblit, and Dakhovskii (SKD). In the more heavily doped samples, above ${10}^{16}$ phosphorus atoms/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, the effects of neutral impurity scattering are observed.