cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mudstone Petrology of the Mesoproterozoic Unkar Group, Grand Canyon, U.S.A.: Provenance, Weathering, and Sediment Transport on Intracratonic Rodinia

Abstract The synthesis of mudstone petrology and interbedded sandstone detrital zircon geochronology provides insights into the provenance, weathering regime, hydrodynamic effects, and diagenesis of the Mesoproterozoic Unkar Group. Unkar mudstones were derived largely from the Grenville Orogen (GO) of southwest Texas and the adjacent Yavapai–Mazatzal (YM) and Southern Granite Rhyolite (SGR) terranes. Detrital zircon data indicate distinct pulses of GO-derived sediment during Hakatai and Dox Formation deposition whereas Shinumo sediment contains a larger component of YM and SGR material. An increase in plagioclase and biotite abundances in the Dox further suggest an orogenic pulse. Bulk chemistry, including elevated Cr and Ni abundances and REE systematics, implicate a heterogeneous provenance for Unkar sediment best approximated by a mix of granite or granodiorite with some basalt. Weathering of Unkar sediment, as determined from mudstone and crystalline-source bulk-chemical trends, is characterized as moderate (CIA values between 55 and 70) indicative of a temperate climate in an orogenic setting. Small (less than 10 wt%) amounts of detrital kaolinite and chlorite are consistent with a moderate (temperate) weathering regime. Illite, the dominant clay mineral in the Unkar Group, is largely the 2M1 polytype and detrital in origin. However, it is estimated that ~ 7% of the K in the Escalante Creek Member results from K-metasomatism and may form up to ~ 15 wt% authigenic 1M or 1Md illite. The clay-size fraction and zircon are the chief contributors to the REE budget in Unkar mudstones. Lithostratigraphic variations in the HREE distributions can be attributed partially to variable zircon abundance in the silt-size fraction, a likely function of hydrodynamic sorting. Age constraints on the duration of Unkar Group sedimentation range from 30 to 100 My for the ~ 1100 m conformable Shinumo–Dox succession and result in compacted sedimentation rates of between 1.0 and 3.6 cm/103 yr. These rates are comparable to Mesozoic foreland-basin settings.
Bunch purity evolution during APS storage ring top-up operations

During top-up operations of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring, a growth of the charge in the buckets on the trailing time side of the target RF buckets was observed in the bunch purity monitor data. This system is based on a photon counting technique that provides subns time resolution with a dynamic range of greater than 10/sup 6/. The satellite bucket growth was related to the number of linac bunches being injected into the particle accumulator ring (PAR) and the adjustment of the 12/sup th/ harmonic RF cavity phase. Besides measuring this growth in the +3,+1 buckets relative to the 22 singlets targeted during top-up, we also report a special configuration and extended counting period that detected charge at the 10/sup -9/ level of the target bucket.
A queueing model for wormhole routing with timeout

In this paper, we propose an analytical model for wormhole routing with the use of a timeout reset mechanism. This model is based on an M/G/1 queueing system with impatient customers and feedback. Some approximations are proposed and verified by simulation. By comparing our analytical results to simulation, we show that the proposed model successfully captures the performance characteristics of wormhole routing with a timeout reset mechanism.
Ending versus controlling versus employing addiction in the tobacco-caused disease endgame: moral psychological perspectives

Even though interest in reducing or eliminating tobacco-caused diseases is a common goal in tobacco control, many experts hold different views on addiction as a target of intervention. Some consider tobacco-caused addiction as a tobacco-caused disease to be eliminated alongside the other diseases. Some consider tobacco-caused addiction as a much lower priority disease to be eliminated, and a subset of this group is prepared to employ addiction to tobacco (nicotine) as a tool to reduce other tobacco-caused disease. These varying attitudes towards ending, controlling or employing tobacco addiction to reduce damage from tobacco use constitute quite different approaches to tobacco control and cause conflict among those in tobacco control. Moral psychological analyses argue that there is more than scientific evidence involved in supporting this continuum of approaches. Divergent values also influence positions in tobacco control. Attention to these values as well as the scientific evidence should be included in policy and practice in tobacco control. It is not that one constellation of values is necessarily superior, but debates need to be informed by and engage discussions of these values as well as the scientific evidence.
Post Deposition Annealing Temperature Effect on White-light Emitting of Sputter Deposited Zr-doped HfO2 Thin Film

The warm white light emission from the MOS capacitor containing the Zr-doped HfO2 high-k thin film on a p-type Si wafer under various post deposition annealing temperatures has been investigated. The light intensity is affected by the annealing temperature and the magnitude of the stress voltage. The annealing temperature changes the defect density and the physical thickness of the high-k stack. The high stress voltage induces the strong light emission because of the passage of a large current through the conductive path. The broad band emission spectrum covers the visible and near IR wavelength range with a large color rendering index. This new light emission device has a very long lifetime of > 1,000 hours at the atmosphere without a protection layer. The device is made of the IC compatible material and fabrication process, which favors the application over a wide range of products.
Knowledge and beliefs about abnormal pap test results and HPV among women with high-risk HPV: results from in-depth interviews.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore women's knowledge and understanding of abnormal Pap tests and HPV. Forty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with low-income, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positive women (ages 18–64 years). Major themes regarding abnormal Pap test results were: (a) getting cancer; (b) need for repeat Pap testing; (c) need for additional tests/treatment; (d) low concern; (e) variety of causes; (f) sexual transmission; and (g) connection to HPV/other sexually transmitted disease (STD). Major themes related to HPV were: (a) getting follow-up care and (b) association of HPV with cancer. Findings indicate a need for clear, consistent educational messages.
Molecular heterogeneity of human serum cholinesterase.

The evidence is described that serum cholinesterases are a group of discrete isoenzymes, differing primarily in molecular size but also kinetically. A number of genetically determined variants have been described which probably differ by virtue of structural modifications. The clinical importance of the measurement of serum cholinesterase activity is discussed.
Effects of psoralen plus UVA radiation (PUVA) on HIV-1 in human beings: A pilot study

Background: Laboratory data document the activation of the HIV-1 genome on exposure to UV radiation, including PUVA. The overall effects of UV radiation exposure on HIV-1 infection in human beings are unknown. Objective: Our purpose was to observe CD4 cell counts and quantitative markers of HIV-1 load in late-stage HIV-1-infected human beings receiving PUVA for various cutaneous diseases. Methods: Samples of peripheral blood were obtained on days 0, 14, 30, and 60 of PUVA administered in therapeutic doses. Number of CD4+ T lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry, and HIV-1 load was measured by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction for viral genome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, semiquantitative RNA-polymerase chain reaction for HIV-1 RNA in serum, and determination of p24 in serum. Results: No significant changes in the measurements were observed. Conclusion: This study did not detect a deleterious effect on CD4 cell count or HIV-1 load during 2 months of PUVA treatment for patients in late stages of infection, with low CD4 cell counts and high HIV-1 loads.
Satellite-derived evolution of Arctic sea ice age: October 1978 to March 2003

Combining gridded ice motions with daily ice extent maps, it is possible to "track" the evolution of sea ice in the Arctic region. Classifying the ice by ice age, this evolution reveals that the area of the oldest (>4 years) ice is decreasing in the Arctic Basin and is being replaced by younger, first-year ice. As a result, the extent of the oldest ice retreats to a relatively small area north of the Canadian Archipelago, with narrow bands that spread out across the central Arctic. This new approach reinforces the work done by others showing the changes in the Arctic sea ice cover over the past two decades.
Effects of Team Size on the Maximum Weight Bar Lifting Strength of Military Personnel

Teamwork is an essential element in the majority of critical Army lifting tasks. Therefore, an understanding of the relationship between individual and team lifting capacity is of great tactical importance. Twenty-three male and 17 female U.S. Army soldiers were randomly assigned to single- and mixed-gender teams of two, three, and four persons. Individual lifting strength was the one-repetition-maximum (1RM) load lifted from floor to knuckle height using a weight bar. A square-shaped bar was used for two- and four-person lifting, and a triangular-shaped bar was used for three-person lifting. Team lifting strength as a percentage of the sum of individual lifting strength (%sum) did not change with team size. The %sum for teams of men (87.3%) was less than for teams of women (91.1%, p < 0.05). The %sums for both single-gender teams (all men and all women) were greater (p < 0.01) than for mixed-gender teams (80.2%). The number of people lifting a large object was increased to four with no decrease in the effectiveness of the individual lifter beyond that found for two persons. The 1RM loads presented in this paper were lifted under ideal conditions by young soldiers and do not represent norms for an industrial population.
Type 1 fiber size disproportion: morphometric data from 37 children with myopathic, neuropathic, or idiopathic hypotonia.

We reviewed clinical data and quantitative muscle biopsy data from infants with hypotonia and developmental delay who had relatively small type I muscle fibers (fiber size disproportion; FSD). Study material consisted of 49 thigh muscle specimens from 37 patients, 1 week to 11.5 years old, who had FSD diagnosed between 1971 and 1985. Beyond 2 months of age, FSD was >12% in at least one biopsy from all but 2 patients. In sequential specimens obtained from 11 patients, we observed that FSD may resolve, persist unchanged, or intensify with age. In 6 patients, hypotonia regressed, and development tended to normalize during 1—4 years of observation; FSD resolved in 4 cases, but numerical predominance of type 1 fibers persisted in 3 of them. In a small group designated congenital myopathy with FSD only, the disproportion in fiber diameter persisted unchanged or intensified with time and was more severe after the age of 6 months than in the other subgroups. We classified FSD as definitely or probably myopathic (...
Cardiac receptor activity in heart failure: implications for the control of sympathetic nervous outflow.

The role of cardiac receptors in reflex control of the circulation has been of interest to physiologists and anatomists for many years. The early anatomical work of Nonidez (41) clearly identified receptors in the atria with unencapsulated end organs and myelinated fibers. Subsequently, many investigators have detailed the anatomical structure of a variety of receptors in the atria and ventricles (31). While the early work of Bainbridge (2) implicated atrial receptors in the tachycardia which ensues during atrial distension or volume expansion in the dog, the importance of atrial receptors in reflex control of the circulation and in fluid balance homeostasis was solidified by a variety of prominent investigators, some of whom contributed to this symposium. An outstanding review of the atrial receptor physiology and anatomy has been provided by Linden and Kappagoda in their 1982 monograph (31). While controversy still remains as to the importance of atrial stretch receptors in humans (11), the majority of investigators feel that these receptors are ideally located to function as volume receptors and play some role in both fluid balance and sympathetic control, especially to the kidney (13-15,18,26,27,29,32).
Gene delivery to the retina using lentiviral vectors.

The delivery of foreign DNA to the retina has proven to be a valuable tool for investigations of retinal disease, development, and complex cellular interactions. To achieve efficient and stable retinal gene expression with minimal unwanted side effects, viral vectors derived from AAV (adeno-associated virus) and LV (lentivirus) remain the vehicles of choice. LV vectors have gained recent attention in CNS gene delivery due in part to their large transgene capacity, however contradictory results regarding retinal transduction ability exist in the literature. We sought specifically to characterize the temporal and spatial expression pattern of LV vectors when delivered to the rodent retina.
Expression of bacterial chitinase protein in tobacco leaves using two photosynthetic gene promoters

A bacterial chitinase gene from Serratia marcescens (chiA) was fused to (i) a promoter of the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcS) gene and (ii) two different chlorophyll a/b binding protein (cab) gene promoters from petunia. The resulting constructions were introduced into Agrobacterium Ti plasmid-based plant cell transformation vectors and used to generate multiple independent transgenic tobacco plants. ChiA mRNA and protein levels were measured in these plants. On average, the rbcS/chiA fusion gave rise to threefold more chiA mRNA than either cab/chiA fusion. We investigated the influence of sequences around the translational initiation ATG codon on the level of ChiA protein. The rbcS/chiA and cab/chiA fusions in which the sequence in the vicinity of the translational initiation codon is ACC ATGGC gave rise to transformants with higher levels of ChiA protein than those carrying a cab/chiA fusion with the sequence CAT ATGCG in the same region. This difference in translational efficiency is consistent with previous findings on preferred sequences in this region of the mRNA. In those transformants showing the highest level of ChiA expression, ChiA protein accumulated to about 0.25% of total soluble leaf protein. These plants contained significantly higher chitinase enzymatic activity than control plants.
Fe Substituted, Laser Ablated YBa2Cu3O7 films using Off-Stoichiometric Targets

We present data on thin films of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) and YBa2(Cu1-xFex)3O7 prepared by laser ablation using a sequence of targets, including Cu-deficient YBa2Cu2.4O7, CuO, and (CuO)1-y(FeO)y. This technique achieves mixing on an atomic scale. We find that stochiometric films, made using a combination of the Cudeficient target and CuO, have a sharp transition (width < 1K) near 90K although the Cu-deficient material alone has a broad transition at a lower Tc. We have achieved substitution of Fe on the Cu sites, using a sequence of the three targets for a range of Fe concentrations. Tc decreases nearly linearly with concentration and Tc → 0 near 15% Fe. The Tc suppression for the films is slightly less than the corresponding value obtained for bulk samples.
Robotic coronary artery bypass grafting decreases 30-day complication rate, length of stay, and acute care facility discharge rate compared with conventional surgery.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the short-term outcomes of robotic with conventional on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS The study population included 2091 consecutive patients who underwent either conventional or robotic CABG from January 2007 to March 2012. Preoperative, intraoperative, and 30-day postoperative variables were collected for each group. To compare the incidence of rapid recovery between conventional and robotic CABG, the surrogate variables of early discharge and discharge to home (vs rehabilitation or acute care facility) were evaluated. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS One hundred fifty robotic and 1619 conventional CABG cases were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that robotic surgery was a strong predictor of lower 30-day complications [odds ratio (OR), 0.24; P = 0.005], short length of stay (OR, 3.31; P < 0.001), and decreased need for an acute care facility (OR, 0.55; P = 0.032). In the presence of complications (New York State Complication Composite), the robotic technique was not associated with a change in discharge status. CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective review, robotic CABG was associated with a lower 30-day complication rate, a shorter length of stay, and a lower incidence of acute care facility discharge than conventional on-pump CABG. It may suggest a more rapid recovery to preoperative status after robotic surgery; however, only a randomized prospective study could confirm the advantages of a robotic approach.
Getting the Skinny on CD4+ T Cell Survival in Fatty Livers

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. In the March 10 issue of Nature , Greten and colleagues report that this metabolic disruption affects tumor surveillance by depleting CD4+ T helper cells through lipotoxic mechanisms associated with NAFLD.
The Design and Implementation of Engine Vibration Testing System

This paper presents the structure of engine vibration measurement,including the hardware constitution and software design of the system.Using Virtual Instrument technique and hardware,Vibration measurement and analysis system is developed to generate signal which can be analysed and show the testing outcoming,the testing result show it stability and accuracy.
Atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of lead in wine by hydride generation

A method for determination of trace lead in wine by intermittent flow H G-AFS was founded. The detection limit was effectively improved by treating K 3Fe (CN)6 with activated carbon. The conditions for K3Fe(CN)6+KB H4+HCl system of generation of PbH4 and the interference of foreign ions wer e discussed. The detection limit of this method was 0.12 μg/L and it's RS D(n=6) was in the range of 0.2% to 2.9%. The recovery was 98.6%～102.8%. This method is accurate,simple and sensitive. It is accorded with the demand of trace element analysis.
Current invasion situation and the methods for controlling cockroaches

Objective To determine the current cockroaches invasion situation in Tongling urban area,and provide scientific basis for cockroaches control in Tongling city.Methods Adhesive killing method was applied in testing the density of cockroaches.Eye seeing and enquiry method were used in cockroaches invasion survey.Results The cockroaches in Tongling composed of three populations.They were Blattella germanica,Periplaneta fuliginosa and Periplaneta americana,occupying 85.3%,12.1% and 2.6% respectively.Blattella germanica was advantage species.There were high density of cockroaches in restaurant and hotel.Conclusion It was important to catch exist habits of Blattella germanica in Tongling,and develop integrated control.
Personality in the age of industry: Structure, heritability, and correlates of personality in middle childhood from the perspective of parents, teachers, and children

Middle childhood is a crucial juncture in the lifespan where children work towards achieving a sense of competence foundational for future development. However, middle childhood has historically been underrepresented in the personality literature. The current study provides a comprehensive examination of personality in middle childhood using a large (N = 2510), longitudinal sample of 10- to 12-year-old twins. The structure, heritability, and correlates of personality in this period were investigated using personality ratings of parents, teachers, and children. Results showed that personality in middle childhood has a coherent structure, is heritable, and is relevant for developmentally salient outcomes such as externalizing behavior, substance use, and academic engagement. Results emphasize the importance of investigating personality in middle childhood across multiple informants.
Sub-60 mV/decade switching in 2D negative capacitance field-effect transistors with integrated ferroelectric polymer

There is a rising interest in employing the negative capacitance (NC) effect to achieve sub-60 mV/decade (below the thermal limit) switching in field-effect transistors (FETs). The NC effect, which is an effectual amplification of the applied gate potential, is realized by incorporating a ferroelectric material in series with a dielectric in the gate stack of a FET. One of the leading challenges to such NC-FETs is the variable substrate capacitance exhibited in 3D semiconductor channels (bulk, Fin, or nanowire) that minimizes the extent of sub-60 mV/decade switching. In this work, we demonstrate 2D NC-FETs that combine the NC effect with 2D MoS2 channels to extend the steep switching behavior. Using the ferroelectric polymer, poly(vinylidene difluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), these 2D NC-FETs are fabricated by modification of top-gated 2D FETs through the integrated addition of P(VDF-TrFE) into the gate stack. The impact of including an interfacial metal between the ferroelectric and dielectric ...
Abstract 6234: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Demonstrates Superiority of Screening Young Athletes with 12-Lead Electrocardiogram versus History and Physical in Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a rare but frightening event among young athletes. The Italian experience demonstrates a reduction in athlete SCD by screening with history, physical, and 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). American guideline statements have not recommended ECG for screening athletes due to perceptions of high cost and unclear effectiveness. We sought to model the cost-effectiveness (CE) of history and physical (H&P), ECG plus H&P, and no screening in US high school and college competitive athletes. A decision analysis model was used. Risks, prevalence, and test characteristics were derived from the medical literature. Costs were derived from publicly available datasets. Markov processes were used to simulate the natural histories of screened athletes. One-way sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulation of all variables in the estimated ranges were performed. A societal perspective was used. Screening with an ECG plus H&P has lower overall costs and better outcomes than use of H&P alone. Compared with no screening, H&P saves 0.57 life years (LY) per 1000 athletes screened at an incremental cost of $111 per athlete, yielding a CE ratio of $195,600 per LY saved (simulation based 95% CI $116,000–514,000). ECG plus H&P when compared to no screening saves 2.7 LY per 1000 athletes at an incremental cost of $199 per athlete, for a CE ratio of $74,100 per LY saved (95% CI $46,000–158,000). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis shows that ECG plus H&P is the preferred strategy over H&P in terms of cost-effectiveness in 99.5% of simulations. ECG plus H&P is cost-effective below a threshold value of $100,000 per LY saved in 89% of simulations, while H&P is cost-effective in 1% of simulations. If the reduction in SCD risk per screening-identified, at-risk athlete is below 33%, or if more than 12% of screens are false positive, screening with ECG plus H&P is no longer cost effective. ECG plus H&P is superior to H&P for screening young athletes in our cost-effectiveness model. The incremental cost of adding an ECG, including screening, secondary testing, and subsequent treatment is under $100 per athlete screened. These data should inform the ongoing debate concerning pre-participation screening of US student-athletes.
Source proximity and meteorological effects on residential outdoor VOCs in urban areas: Results from the Houston and Los Angeles RIOPA studies

Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured outside homes in Houston, TX and Los Angeles, CA were characterized by the effects of source proximity and meteorological factors. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE), tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PCE), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were examined. Multiple stepwise regression analysis converged the best-fit models with predictors from meteorological conditions and the proximity to specific point, area, and mobile sources on the residential outdoor VOC concentrations. Negative associations of wind speed with concentrations demonstrated the effect of dilution by high wind speed. Atmospheric stability increase was associated with concentration increase. Petrochemical source proximity was a significant predictor for BTEX and MTBE concentrations in Houston. Ethylbenzene and xylene source proximity was a significant predictor in Los Angeles. Close proximity to area sources such as scrap metal recycling or dry cleaning facilities increased the MTBE, PCE, and CCl4 concentrations in Houston and Los Angeles. Models for ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, and MTBE in Houston, and benzene in Los Angeles explained that for the median values of the meteorological factors, homes closest to influential highways would have concentrations that were 1.7-2.2 fold higher than those furthest from these mobile emission sources. If the median distance to sources were used in the models, the VOC concentrations varied 1.7 to 6.6 fold as the meteorological conditions varied over the observed range. These results highlight that each urban area is unique and localized sources need to be carefully evaluated to understand potential contributions to VOC air concentrations near residences, which influence baseline indoor air concentrations and personal exposures. Results of this study could assist in the appropriate design of monitoring networks for community-level sampling. They may also improve the accuracy of exposure models linking emission sources with estimated pollutant concentrations at the residential level.
Appraisal Theories of Emotion

Appraisal theories represent an approach to emotion experience focused on the subjective evaluations of affective arousal occurring within a particular circumstance. Appraisal dimensions include, for example, valence, intensity, goal obstruction, novelty, and significance. Prominent approaches to the appraisal process in the scholarly literature are represented in the categorical and process models. These models are summarized, and suggestions for applications of appraisal theories in interpersonal communication are offered. Keywords: appraisal; cognitive processes; emotion; emotion theory; interpersonal communication
VHA providers’ knowledge and perceptions about the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and related symptoms

Abstract National Veterans Health Administration (VHA) data suggest that Veterans with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are often unrecognized and poorly treated. We investigated the experience of VHA mental health providers in treating Veterans with OCD and related disorders and perceptions of available resources. Psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and nurses were invited through email distribution lists to complete an anonymous 25-question survey through www.surveymonkey.com from 10/20/14 to 12/19/14. Questions pertained to experience and knowledge of treating Veterans with OCD and related disorders, such as body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania and excoriation disorder. Of 166 completers, 81 (49%) had seen 10 or fewer Veterans with OCD and related disorders at the VHA, and 147 (88%) were seeing 10 or fewer of these patients at survey completion. Only 38 (23%) had received specialized training in treating these patients. Participant-recommended treatments for these conditions did not correspond with evidence-based practice: only 47% recommended exposure and response prevention. Most reported insufficient assessment and treatment resources for Veterans with OCD. Many VHA mental health providers lack sufficient knowledge and expertise in diagnosing and treating OCD and related disorders. Additional resources need to be developed to facilitate improved care for Veterans with OCD and related disorders.
Stability Limits and Defect Dynamics in Ag Nanoparticles Probed by Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging

Dissolution is critical to nanomaterial stability, especially for partially dealloyed nanoparticle catalysts. Unfortunately, highly active catalysts are often not stable in their reactive environments, preventing widespread application. Thus, focusing on the structure–stability relationship at the nanoscale is crucial and will likely play an important role in meeting grand challenges. Recent advances in imaging capability have come from electron, X-ray, and other techniques but tend to be limited to specific sample environments and/or two-dimensional images. Here, we report investigations into the defect-stability relationship of silver nanoparticles to voltage-induced electrochemical dissolution imaged in situ in three-dimensional detail by Bragg coherent diffractive imaging. We first determine the average dissolution kinetics by stationary probe rotating disk electrode in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, which allows in situ measurement of Ag+ ion formation. We then observe...
Rapid dual-echo ramped hybrid encoding MR-based attenuation correction (dRHE-MRAC) for PET/MR

PURPOSE In this study, we propose a rapid acquisition for MR-based attenuation correction (MRAC) in positron emission tomography (PET)/MR imaging, in which an ultrashort echo time (UTE) image and an out-of-phase echo image are obtained within a single rapid scan (35 s) at high spatial resolution (1 mm3 ), which allows accurate estimation of a pseudo CT image using 4-class tissue classification (discrete bone, discrete air, continuous fat, and continuous water). METHODS In dual-echo ramped hybrid encoding (dRHE), a UTE echo is directly followed by a second out-of-phase echo, in which hybrid spatial encoding combining single-point imaging and 3-dimensional radial frequency encoding is used to improve the quality of both images. Two-point Dixon reconstruction is used to estimate fat- and water-separated images, and UTE images are used to estimate bone. Air and bone segmentation is improved by using multiple UTE images with an advanced hybrid-encoding scheme that allows reconstruction of multiple UTE images. To evaluate the proposed method, dRHE-MRAC PET/MR brain imaging was performed in 10 subjects. Dice coefficients and PET reconstruction errors relative to CT-based attenuation correction were compared with existing system MRAC approaches. RESULTS In dRHE-MRAC, the Dice coefficients for soft tissue, air, and bone were respectively 0.95 ± 0.01, 0.62 ± 0.06, and 0.78 ± 0.05, which was a significantly improved result compared with existing approaches. In most brain regions, dRHE-MRAC showed significantly reduced PET error (less than 1%) with P values less than 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Dual-echo ramped hybrid encoding enables rapid and robust imaging for MRAC with a very rapid acquisition. Magn Reson Med 79:2912-2922, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Abstract 20076: Short-Term and Long-Term Mortality Rates in Patients With and Without Valvular Heart Disease Who Have Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: An Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Introduction: Valvular heart disease remains an important cause of heart failure. Studies comparing acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) associated with valvular disease to other forms of ADHF are limited. We compared mortality rates of patients with acute decompensated valvular heart failure (ADVHF) to those with non-valvular ADHF (ADnVHF). Hypothesis: Mortality differs between ADVHF and ADnVHF. Methods: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study conducted surveillance of hospitalized ADHF patients age ≥55 years in 4 U.S. communities starting in 2005. ADHF hospitalizations were validated by standardized physician review. The prevalence of at least moderate mitral and aortic valvular disease was quantified using in-hospital echocardiograms. In-hospital, 28-day, and 1-year mortality were compared between ADVHF and ADnVHF using logistic regression and adjusted for demographics. Results: From 2005 to 2011, a weighted sample of 15,397 patients was hospitalized for ADHF and had echocardiography data. The ADVHF group was predominantly female (55%), Caucasian (70%), and had a mean age of 76 ± 0.2 yrs. After multivariate adjustment, in-hospital mortality was 30% lower for ADVHF patients compared to those with ADnVHF (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0). At 28 days, mortality rates were similar. At 1 year, however, mortality rates were 20% higher for the ADVHF group (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 14) (Figure 1). Conclusions: Valvular heart disease is associated with increased risk for 1-year mortality in those hospitalized with heart failure, despite a lower in-hospital mortality in our sample. This suggests that patients with ADVHF have a worse long-term prognosis than those with ADnVHF and may benefit from more intensive follow-up care and aggressive therapy after hospital discharge.
Pump limiter experiments and engineering

Particle removal from tokamak plasmas is essential to achieve density control and some measure of impurity control. This requirement can be satisfied by pump limiters, the present status of which is reviewed here. Modular experiments have recently achieved particle removal rates over 10 torr-1/sec. Studies of impurity removal by pump limiters have demonstrated He and N/sub 2/ (moderate Z) exhaust. Successful modeling of the pump limiter performance using Monte-Carlo neutral gas codes has expanded the understanding of the physics of pump limiters. The heat flux to the surface of limiters in tokamaks has been studied in detail. The rapid progress in the engineering, theory, and experimental results of pump limiters has led to plans for the application of these devices in new experiments in the next few years.
Age-differences in cognitive flexibility when overcoming a preexisting bias through feedback.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Older adults are often worse than younger adults at adapting to changing situational demands, and this difference is commonly attributed to an age-related decline in acquiring and updating information. Previous research on aging and cognitive flexibility has used measures that require adapting to novel associations learned during a laboratory task (e.g., choice X led to positive outcomes but now leads to negative outcomes). However, in everyday life people must frequently overcome associations based on preexisting beliefs and biases (e.g., you like to eat cake, but your doctor said to limit your sugar intake). The goal of the present study was to examine possible age-differences in overcoming a preexisting bias and determine whether age-related changes in the acquisition and updating of information influence this form of flexibility.Method: Older (n = 20) and younger (n = 20) adults completed a novel task in which repeated choices were made between a sure option (gain or loss) and on...
Selection of optimization objectives for decision-making in building energy retrofits

Abstract Building energy retrofitting has emerged as a primary strategy for reducing energy use and carbon emissions. The decision about which retrofit measures should be implemented in a particular project is a single- or multi-objective optimization problem subject to many constraints and limitations. Different objective(s) have been used in the literature, however the identification and selection of the objective(s) for this optimization problem is still a challenge. This study develops a decision matrix that guides decision-makers on how to select the objective(s) for a single- or multi-objective optimization problem that results in the selection of the best energy retrofitting strategy, by considering and defining the “investor benefits” term, the type of potential investors, and the type of potential benefits of building energy retrofits. Four types of investors are considered in this study: owner-occupant, absent owner, leaser, and external investor. In addition, a case study is used to illustrate how different types of investors may affect the selection of objective functions and, therefore, the final decisions for optimum energy retrofits. Results show that when the investor is the owner-occupant, a higher investment is suggested for energy retrofits to achieve optimum benefits.
Expanding the Abortion Provider Workforce: A Qualitative Study of Organizations Implementing a New California Policy.

Context Access to abortion care in the United States varies according to multiple factors, including location, state regulation and provider availability. In 2013, California enacted a law that authorized nurse practitioners (NPs), certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) and physician assistants (PAs) to provide first-trimester aspiration abortions; little is known about organizations' experiences in implementing this policy change. Methods Beginning 10 and 24 months after implementation of the new law, semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 administrators whose five organizations trained and employed NPs, CNMs and PAs as providers of aspiration abortions. Interview data on the organizations' experiences were analyzed thematically, and facilitators of and barriers to implementation were identified. Results Administrators were committed to the provision of aspiration abortions by NPs, CNMs and PAs, and nearly all identified improved access to care and complication management as clear benefits of the policy change. However, integration of the new providers was uneven and depended on a variety of circumstances. Organizational disincentives included financial and logistical costs incurred in trying to deploy and integrate the different types of providers. Some administrators found that increased costs were outweighed by improved patient care, whereas others did not. In general, having a strong administrative champion within the organization made a critical difference. Conclusions California's expansion of the abortion-providing workforce had a positive impact on patient care in the sampled organizations. However, various organizational obstacles must be addressed to more fully realize the benefits of having NPs, CNMs and PAs provide aspiration abortions.
Why It Is Imperative To Strengthen American Democracy Through Study, Dialogue and Change In Higher Education

In July 2007, about 40 people – faculty from across disciplines, campus leaders, and civic leaders – gathered for several days at the University of New Hampshire to discuss the role of higher education in American democracy. While we gathered out of concern for the way our democracy seemed to be working, we were also encouraged by promising experiments in democratic dialogue, deliberative politics, and public problem solving, efforts that seem strategic and designed with a strong democracy in mind. Many of the academics in the group were already experimenting with approaches to civic learning, political engagement, democratic dialogue, and programs in leadership or conflict resolution, but in many cases, they didn’t know about each other or even the networks of individuals doing similar work. We agreed to form The Democracy Imperative, a network of educators and who would work together to strengthen democracy in and through higher education. One of our first priorities was to publish a paper framing the nature of the problem and our vision for higher education as a vibrant partner in democratic renewal work. We published that paper in late 2007, but this is a fast-moving field. This 2010 version is an updated version of the Democracy Imperative's original framing paper.
Formation of the yeast mitochondrial membrane: III. Accumulation of mitochondrial proteins synthesized in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria in yeast undergoing glucose derepression

Abstract The inhibitors of protein synthesis, chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, were added to cultures of yeast undergoing glucose derepression at different times during the growth cycle. Both inhibitors blocked the increase in activity of coenzyme QH 2 -cytochrome c reductase, suggesting that the formation of complex III of the respiratory chain requires products of both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein synthesis. The possibility that precursor proteins synthesized by either cytoplasmic or mitochondrial ribosomes may accumulate was investigated by the sequential addition of cycloheximide and chloramphenicol (or the reverse order) to cultures of yeast undergoing glucose derepression. When yeast cells were grown for 3 hr in medium containing cycloheximide and then transferred to medium containing chloramphenicol, the activity of cytochrome oxidase increased at the same rate as the control during the first hour in chloramphenicol. These results suggest that some accumulation of precursor proteins synthesized in the mitochondria had occurred when cytoplasmic protein synthesis was blocked during the growth phase in cycloheximide. In contrast, essentially no products of mitochondrial protein synthesis accumulated as precursors for either oligomycin-sensitive ATPase or complex III of the respiratory chain during growth of the cells in cycloheximide. When yeast were grown for 3 hr in medium containing chloramphenicol followed by 1 hr in cycloheximide, the activities of cytochrome oxidase and succinate-cytochrome c reductase increased at the same rate as the control, while the activities of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase and NADH or coenzyme QH 2 -cytochrome c reductase were nearly double that of the control. These data suggest that a significant accumulation of mitochondrial proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm had occurred when the yeast cells were grown in medium containing sufficient chloramphenicol to block mitochondrial protein synthesis. The possibility that proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm may act to control the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins for both oligomycin-sensitive ATPase and complex III of the respiratory chain is discussed.
Drainage of the renal cortex in MAG3-F0 for diagnosis of obstruction and evaluation of laparoscopic pyeloplasty

1673 Objectives The objective of this study was to utilize diuretic renography with MAG3-F0 to assess drainage of the cortex in order to determine the need for laparascopic pyeloplasty (LP) and evaluate its efficacy, irrespectively of drainage of the collecting system. Methods MAG3-F0 renal scans were performed pre- and post-operatively on 30 patients who underwent LP for treatment of suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Drainage of the cortex was evaluated using cortical renograms while renal function was evaluated using 1-2 min split renal function (SRF). The patients were classified in two groups: Group1 with 13/30 patients had abnormal cortical drainage and required LP, while Group2 with 17/30 patients had normal drainage but LP was performed based on other clinical criteria. Results Post-operative MAG3-F0 studies demonstrated improvement of cortical drainage and SRF for patients in Group1 and no significant improvement or change for patients in Group2, who did not need operation. Additionally, serial MAG3 scans confirmed that patients in Group1 post-operatively maintained normal cortical drainage and renal function and did not require additional intervention. Conclusions Evaluation of drainage of renal cortex in MAG3-F0 studies, irrespectively of the collecting system, can indicate the presence of kidney obstruction and determine the need for LP. Drainage of renal cortex can be also used as an index to study the effectiveness of LP
Geologic map of the Caetano caldera, Lander and Eureka counties, Nevada

Figure 1. Index map showing sources of geologic map data: (1) This study; (2) Shoshone Range (Gilluly and Gates, 1965); (3) Cortez 15′ quadrangle (Gilluly and Masursky, 1965); (4) The Cedars 15′ quadrangle (McKee and Stewart, 1969); (5) Carico Lake 15′ quadrangle; (6) The Cedars 7.5′ quadrangle (Moore et al., 2005); (7) Roberts et al., 1967 (Eureka County); (8) Stewart and McKee, 1977 (Lander County). Text and references to accompany Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 174
Circulating cell-free DNA: The future of personalized medicine in ovarian cancer management.

5577Background: The objective of this study is to evaluate the utility of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma to molecularly profile patients with ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC)...
Performance Evaluation with Latent Factors

It is common to evaluate mutual fund (and in general, security) returns by linear factor models. However, performance measures from these models are misleading if there are some omitted factors that explain cross-sectional variation in returns. We propose to use a latent-factor approach, Confounder Adjusted Testing and Estimation (CATE), for performance evaluation. Under reasonable economic assumptions, we show that CATE can consistently separate "alpha" from the return components that are due to common factor exposures, without forcing any particular ex-ante specification of the factors. We demonstrate that CATE outperforms widely used factor models in identifying common variation in mutual fund returns and that CATE alpha positively predicts future fund performance. When ranked by the difference between CATE alpha and CAPM alpha, the most favorable measure used by mutual fund investors, we find that the top decile of funds outperforms the bottom decile by as large as 5% per year. We also find that mutual fund flows become less responsive to returns due to the size, value, and momentum factors over time, yet respond persistently to other factor-related variation.
Showtime: the biopolitical performance of ‘effective beginning science teacher’

Over the past decade, neoliberal practices for ensuring teacher effectiveness have shaped the landscape of education. In the midst of policy mandates for highly effective teachers, a biopolitical movement also undergirds the desire for a particular kind of ideal classroom. Grounded in traditions of scientism, beginning science teachers and their practices are implicitly and explicitly subjected to biopolitical control. The central question of this research includes: How does the desire to standardized science teacher practice through regular government-mandated evaluation of science teacher teachers produce biopolitical subjects? Using post-qualitative inquiry, this study examines ethnographic moments with one beginning science teacher alongside one teacher evaluation rubric used for formal teacher evaluation to explore ontological considerations for the implicated subjects. By illuminating the intra-active relationship between micro- and macro-discourses within one high school science classroom, the depths to which biopower functions is made visible. The paper concludes by calling science teacher educators and those responsible for their induction to examine the multifaceted ethical dilemmas inherently shaping their work with beginning science teachers.