cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Categorization and Identity Construction Associated with Managing Diversity

Abstract This study investigated the self-categorization of library employees ( N = 254) in response to the question: Do you consider yourself to be a member of an underrepresented group? Approximately 15% of the affirmative responses to this question were from white majority group members. Consistent with predictions based on categorization and labeling theories (Ashforth & Humphrey, 1997), these “nontraditional” underrepresented group members were found to have lower reported job satisfaction, poorer perceptions of psychological climate and procedural justice, worse leader–member exchange quality, and more negative reactions to diversity-related issues than employees classified as traditionally underrepresented or not underrepresented. Relations between nontraditional identity and two diversity outcomes (consistency of diversity definitions and practices; general attitudes about diversity) were completely mediated by procedural justice perceptions. Results are discussed in terms of labeling theory and social control in identity representation, with implications for effectively managing diversity and organizational change.
Instructional assessments: Lever for systemic change in science education classrooms

The Educational Testing Service/University of Delaware Science Education project has addressed the challenge of promoting systemic change in science education through the use of instructional assessments. Instructional assessments integrate performance-based assessments with curriculum and instruction at the classroom level. Instructional assessment provides a promising lever for promoting professional development and improving middle school science curriculum, instruction, and assessment.
Effects of curing conditions on properties of concrete using slag replacement

Abstract The effects of curing conditions on properties of slag cement concrete were studied. Autoclaving (175°C, 0.5 MPa) and steam curing (80°C) were compared to normal curing (28 days, 20°C, and 100% RH). Four different concrete mix designs with the same mix proportions and different cement replacements were used: 0% slag (control), 25% slag, 50% slag, and 75% slag. The effects of slag replacement and curing conditions upon concrete properties were examined. The properties examined included mechanical properties (compressive and tensile strength), transport properties (chloride permeability and chloride penetration), and microstructural properties (pore structure and phase composition). There is little effect of slag replacement up to 50% upon strength, whereas higher replacement results in a drop in compressive strength. Steam curing reduces the compressive strength compared to the other curing types considered in this study. Chloride permeability and penetrability significantly decrease with increasing slag replacement except for autoclave curing, which is the least sensitive with respect to slag replacement compared to the other curing types considered in this study. The addition of slag reduces the continuous pore diameter, which correlates well with the initial current (IC) measured by the rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT).
Immunoglobulin allotype markers in gluten-sensitive enteropathy.

Abstract Immunoglobulin allotype markers and HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR locus antigens were determined in 30 White patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy and 30 controls matched for age, ethnic background, and geographic origin. All patients lacking HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 had the IgG (Gm) immunoglobulin heavy-chain phenotype Gm (f;n;b). Thus, in addition to major histocompatibility locus genes, it appears that genes linked to the immunoglobulin heavy-chain allotype locus on chromosome 14 may influence susceptibility to gluten-sensitive enteropathy.
Detectability of Exoplanet Periastron Passage in the Infrared

Characterization of exoplanets has matured in recent years, particularly through studies of exoplanetary atmospheres of transiting planets at infrared wavelengths. The primary source for such observations has been the Spitzer Space Telescope but these studies are anticipated to continue with the James Webb Space Telescope. A relatively unexplored region of exoplanet parameter space is the thermal detection of long-period eccentric planets during periastron passage. Here we describe the thermal properties and albedos of long-period giant planets along with the eccentricities of those orbits which allow them to remain within the habitable zone. We further apply these results to the known exoplanets by calculating temperatures and flux ratios for the IRAC passbands occupied by warm Spitzer, considering both low and high thermal redistribution efficiencies from the perspective of an observer. We conclude with recommendations on which targets are best suited for follow-up observations.
CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES FOLLOWING REPAIR OF TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

Ventricular dysrhythmias following intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot have been previously demonstrated. Less attention has been directed to postoperative conduction abnormalities in these patients. Between October, 1982 and March, 1984 we performed hemodynamic and electrophysiologic studies in 11 patients (8 males/3 females) who had previously undergone repair of tetralogy of Fallot. A wide spectrum of conduction system abnormalities including sinus node dysfunction (5/11), atrioventricular node dysfunction (3/11), and His-Purkinje disease (7/11) were found. Confirmation that bifasicular disease cannot be reliably diagnosed from the surface electrocardiogram alone was obtained. Spontaneous and/or inducible ventricular dysrhythmias were documented in 5/11 patients. However, there was no consistent relationship between the presence or degree of residual right ventricular hypertension and the presence of ventricular dysrhythmias. We conclude that: 1) frequent conduction abnormalities as well as ventricular dysrhythmias may occur in patients following repair of tetralogy of Fallot; and 2) ventricular dysrhythmias may occur in these patients even when residual right ventricular hypertension is not present. We therefore recommend that all patients should undergo postoperative hemodynamic and electrophysiologic study following intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
Beyond Acculturation: An Investigation of the Relationship of Familism and Parenting to Behavior Problems in Hispanic Youth.

In the adolescent research literature, acculturation processes have been linked to the development of serious behavior problems in Hispanic adolescents, but not enough is known about how that process takes place. This article reports an investigation that sought to shed light on empirically plausible mechanisms by which family processes (i.e., familism and parenting practices) may operate as mediators of acculturation-related factors on adolescent problem behaviors among 167 Hispanic sixth- or seventh-grade early adolescents. SEM analyses identified an empirically plausible mediated pathway through which parenting practices may operate as a mediator of the effects of acculturation-related variables on adolescent problem behaviors. Second, although the role of familism as a mediator was not supported, the results did provide support for familism having indirect effects on behavior problems also through parenting practices. The findings are discussed in the context of existing research and clinical developments in the treatment of Hispanic adolescents and families.
The analysis of the distribution of restriction endonuclease sites in repetitive DNAs

A method is described which permits the determination of the frequency of modified restriction endonuclease sites in tandem arrays of repeating sequences using the Southern transfer procedure.
I don't believe my eyes!: geometric sketch recognition for a computer art tutorial

Drawing is a common form of communication and a means of artistic expression. Many of us believe that the ability to draw accurate representations of objects is a skill that either comes naturally or is the result of hours of study or practice or both. As a result many people become intimidated when confronted with the task of drawing. Many books and websites have been developed to teach people step-by-step skills to draw various objects, but they lack the live feedback of a human examiner. We designed EyeSeeYou, a sketch recognition system that teaches users to draw eyes using a simple drawing technique. The system automatically evaluates the freehand drawn sketch of an eye at various stages during creation. We conducted frequent evaluations of the system in order to take an iterative development approach based on user feedback. Our system balances the flexibility of free-hand drawing with step-by-step instructions and realtime assessment. It also provides rigorous feedback to create a constructive learning environment to aid the user in improving her drawing. This paper describes the implementation details of the sketch recognition system. A similar implementation method could be used to provide sketching tutorials for a wide number of images.
Cytokine levels correlate with immune cell infiltration after anti-VEGF therapy in preclinical mouse models of breast cancer

The effect of blocking VEGF activity in solid tumors extends beyond inhibition of angiogenesis. However, no studies have compared the effectiveness of mechanistically different anti-VEGF inhibitors with respect to changes in tumor growth and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. In this study we use three distinct breast cancer models, a MDA-MB-231 xenograft model, a 4T1 syngenic model, and a transgenic model using MMTV-PyMT mice, to explore the effects of various anti-VEGF therapies on tumor vasculature, immune cell infiltration, and cytokine levels. Tumor vasculature and immune cell infiltration were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Cytokine levels were evaluated using ELISA and electrochemiluminescence. We found that blocking the activation of VEGF receptor resulted in changes in intra-tumoral cytokine levels, specifically IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1. Modulation of the level these cytokines is important for controlling immune cell infiltration and ultimately tumor growth. Furthermore, we demonstrate that selective inhibition of VEGF binding to VEGFR2 with r84 is more effective at controlling tumor growth and inhibiting the infiltration of suppressive immune cells (MDSC, Treg, macrophages) while increasing the mature dendritic cell fraction than other anti-VEGF strategies. In addition, we found that changes in serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels correlated with response to therapy, identifying two possible biomarkers for assessing the effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy in breast cancer patients.
Courting Success and Realizing the American Dream: Arizona's Mighty Miami High School Championship Basketball Team, 1951

The second generation of Mexican-Americans, the ‘GI Generation’ born and raised in the United States, experienced the Great Depression and the Second World War and became political and community leaders in the post-war periods. Historians have not expanded their work to include the history and experience of the third generation, their children. This essay bridges that gap by using sports as a symbol of the American dream. It examines the period from 1947 to 1951 to explain how Mexican-American youths and their Finnish-American coach in Miami, Arizona, promoted Americanization, achieved success and won the 1951 state basketball championship. They revitalized a hometown's pride and team spirit and united a copper community that had a chequered and disturbing history of racism and discrimination against Mexicans and Mexican-Americans. The rise of this third generation through sports enabled their families to realize their dreams of equality for their children.
Microfabricated Force Sensors and Their Applications in the Study of Cell Mechanical Response

Living cells are sensitive to their mechanical environments and they transduce mechanical stimuli into biological responses. Developing suitable experimental techniques is essential to explore the question on how cells respond to mechanical stimuli. The current major techniques normally induce small cell deformations and measure their corresponding cell force response (small) in the range of 1 pN to 10nN. However, in many physiological conditions, cell deformations can be large (comparable to the cell sizes) inducing large force response. In order to explore cell mechanical behavior under large deformations, we introduce a class of microfabricated force sensors. The sensors, consisting of a probe and flexible beams, normally measure cell force response in the range of 1nN to 1μN. Both the one- and two-component force sensors have been developed, and have been used in cell experiments. These experiments showed the versatility of the force sensors. Representative experimental results on cell stretch force response, cell indentation force response, and in situ observation of the actin cytoskeleton during indentation, will be given. These results provide significant insight on cell mechanical response under large deformations.
Ada language training with a COBOL translation model

The use of Ada outside of its original embedded systems area seems a certainty. Training Ada programmers is a key concern of those involved in the Ada effort, and there is much concern over professionalism of Ada programmers. While this paper does not suggest that elementary Ada training is sufficient for trained programmers with other language skills, it presents the results of an experiment focused towards providing elementary Ada language training for COBOL programmers. The results demonstrated that participants training with a computer model can learn the same amount of material as textbook trained participants in much less time.
Complications of Ophthalmic Surgery in the Horse

Corneal transplantation, amniotic membrane transplantation, phacoemulsification cataract extraction, and laser glaucoma therapy are routine ophthalmic surgical procedures in horses. This article discusses the indications, techniques, and postoperative complications of these and other ophthalmic surgical procedures in horses. Meticulous and accurate anatomic repair can minimize postoperative complications to maintain positive visual outcomes in ophthalmic surgery of the horse.
Size constancy and emmert's law of apparent sizes

Boring asserted that Emmert's law of the apparent size of after-images held only under conditions of size constancy. In Phase I of the present experiment 28 male Ss made paired-comparisons judgments of the afterimage size and of the distance of the projection field at 7 distances ranging from 18 to 126 in. In Phase II, 14 male Ss made similar size and distance estimates using direct-images which subtended the same retinal angle as that subtended by the after-image inducing stimulus. Although size constancy obtained, the paired-comparisons scale for apparent afterimage size showed Emmert's law to fail as distance increased beyond 90 in.
Health planning in the United States and the decline of public-interest policymaking.

In the 1960s and 1970s, health planning formed a major theme of American health policy. Planners aimed to improve health services and make them broadly available while using resources efficiently. This article provides a history, both intellectual and political, of the origins of planning, its rise, and—in the face of mounting problems—its decline. The story also illustrates broader changes in the culture of policymaking in American health care. From the Progressive Era through the 1960s, reform-minded experts in health worked to advance the public interest. Thereafter, they increasingly left behind public-interest ideals and their underlying extramarket values in favor of organizing and improving health care markets. Whatever the deficiencies of traditional policymaking may be, this study suggests the need to resurrect extramarket values in health policy.
In vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption of nitrofurantoin from deoxycholic acid coprecipitates.

The in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption characteristics of various nitrofurantoin and nitrofurantoin-deoxycholic acid preparations were studied. In vitro pariculate dissolution studies compared the dissolution of a 1:5 molar ratio nitrofurantoin-deoxycholic acid coprecipitate to that of a 1:5 physical mixture of nitrofurantoin and deoxycholic acid, precipitated nitrofurantoin, and pure nitrofurantoin. In pH 7.4 buffer, the dissolution rate of the coprecipitate system was approximately six times greater than the dissolution rate of the 1:5 physical mixture. However, no statistical differences could be shown among the dissolution rates of the 1:5 physical mixture, the pure nitrofurantoin, and the precipitated form of nitrofurantoin. In pH 1.2 buffer solution, the 1:5 coprecipitate showed a faster initial dissolution rate than the pure nitrofurantoin but became slower than the pure compound after 35 min. The in vivo absorption of the 1:5 coprecipitate, the 1:5 physical mixture, and pure nitrofurantoin, as determined by urinary excretion of unchanged nitrofurantoin, was carried out in four subjects in a crossover study. The 1:5 nitrofurantoin-deoxy-cholic acid coprecipitate showed significant increases in both the initial urinary excretion and the total cumulative amount of unchanged nitrofurantoin excreted when compared to either the 1:5 physical mixture or the pure nitrofurantoin. The study demonstrated the potential usefulness of drug-bile acid coprecipitate systems in increasing the in vivo absorption of dissolution rate-limited drugs.
Short-term effect of alendronate on bone mass and bone remodeling in postmenopausal women

The short-term dose-response relationship between treatment with the bisphosphonate alendronate, biochemical markers of bone turnover, and changes in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) over 9 months was assessed using a double-masked controlled study design in 65 postmenopausal women (mean age 51.6 years, mean 1.5 years since last menses) receiving 5, 20, 40 mg of alendronate or placebo for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks of alendronate, serum calcium phosphate and osteocalcin decreased, and intact parathyroid hormone increased significantly in dose-dependent fashions in the alendronate-treated groups (T) compared with placebo (P). Generally similar changes (decreases) were noted in 24-h urinary calcium and pyridinoline (deoxy- and hydroxylysl pyridoline); by 30 weeks post-treatment no significant changes from baseline or between T and P were noted. Lumbar BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry demonstrated a dose-dependent response over 9 months (median % change ±SD: −1.2±0.9 for 5 mg T, +0.7±0.8 for 20 mg T*, +1.2±1.1 for 40 mg T*;*p<0.01 vs P). Alendronate was generally well tolerated over all dosages. These data demonstrate that short-term (6 weeks) oral alendronate treatment (5–40 mg daily) is well tolerated and effective in (reversibly) decreasing biochemical markers of bone turnover in early postmenopausal women, and in stabilizing spinal BMD over 9 months. Longer-term treatment with larger clinical populations is indicated to define more fully the potential efficacy and safety of chronic alendronate therapy.
Deposition of Milk Solids on Heated Surfaces

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to study certain factors which influence the deposition of milk residues on heated pipe surfaces. The amount of accumulated soil was determined by weighing the test pipes with a high capacity analytical balance. At flow rates less than 4,000 kg/hr the amount of soil greatly increased, the relationship being log g soil=7.69 — 2.00 log kg/hr. Soil deposits increased linearly as the temperature differential between milk and heating water increased linearly, significant deposits beginning at a heating water temperature of 52C above the entering milk temperature of 3C. Adjustment of pH downward to 6.1 with hydrochloric acid greatly increased soil deposits at 2,500 kg/hr, slightly increased deposits at 3,600 kg/hr, and had no noticeable effect at 7,300 kg/hr. Entrained air with milk during heating unexpectedly did not result in increased deposits. Greater deposits were noted on pickle finish pipes and progressively less on 120, 180, and 320 grit finishes. Teflon-coated pipe showed more soil, but the soil peeled away on drying and under most conditions would not contribute to a cleaning problem.
An Activity-Based Costing Method for Product Family Design in the Early Stages of Development

As the marketplace is changing so rapidly, it becomes a key issue for companies to best meet customers’ diverse demands by providing a variety of products in a cost-effective and timely manner. In the meantime, an increasing variety of capability and functionality of products has made it more difficult for companies that develop only one product at a time to maintain competitive production costs and reclaim market share. By designing a product family based on a robust product platform, overall production cost can be more competitive than competitors selling one product at a time while delivering highly differentiated products. In order to design cost-effective product families and product platforms, we are developing a production cost estimation framework in which relevant costs are collected, estimated, and analyzed. Since the framework is quite broad, this paper is dedicated to refining the estimation framework in a practical way by developing an activity-based costing (ABC) system in which activity costs are mapped to individual parts in the product family, which is called cost modularization, and the activity costs affected by product family design decisions are reconstructed to make the costs relevant to these decisions. A case study involving a family of power tools is used to demonstrate the proposed use of the ABC system.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Seasonal Population Characteristics and Habitat Use by Juvenile Coho Salmon in a Small Southeast Alaska Stream

Abstract The density, growth, production, and movements of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from a wild population were evaluated after the fish were transplanted into five types of habitat (clear-cut, forest, meadow, slough tributary, forest tributary) in a small southeastern Alaska stream. Instantaneous growth ranged from 0.0066 in the clear-cut habitat to 0.0055 in the slough tributary. Daily increase in fork length was about 0.10 mm/d system-wide. Annual production of coho salmon in each habitat type was: meadow, 3.32 g/m2; slough tributary, 2.47 g/m2; clear-cut, 1.75 g/m2; forest, 1.59 g/m2; and forest tributary, 1.34 g/m2. During all sampling periods, most fish were recaptured at the site where they were released; those fish that moved neither selected nor avoided specific habitat types. These findings suggest that all habitats should be managed to meet both the summer and winter needs of juvenile coho salmon because most fish do not move among habitats after the initial population adjustme...
Bacterial community composition and biogeochemical heterogeneity in PAH-contaminated riverbank sediments

Predicting response of microbial communities to pollution requires an underlying understanding of the linkage between microbial community structure and geochemical conditions. Yet, there is scarce information about microbial communities in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)-contaminated riverbank sediments. The aim of this study was to characterize bacterial communities in highly PAH-contaminated sediments and establish correlations between bacterial communities and environmental geochemistry of the sediments. Sediment core samples were collected from a highly PAH-contaminated site for (1) analysis of geochemical parameters including total nitrogen, total organic matter, moisture, total carbon, sulfate, pH, and PAH concentrations and (2) bacterial enumeration, 16S rDNA-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing. Non-metric dimensional scaling analyses revealed that bacterial community composition was strongly influenced by PAH concentration. Sulfate, organic matter, pH, and moisture were also related to community composition. A diverse microbial community was identified by the large number of operational taxonomic units recovered and by phylogenetic analyses. δ-Proteobacteria, firmicutes, and bacteriodetes were the dominant groups recovered. We also observed a high number of phylotypes associated with sulfate-reducing bacteria, some of which have been previously described as important in PAH degradation. Our study suggests that, despite intense pollution, bacterial community composition did exhibit temporal and spatial variations and were influenced by sediment geochemistry. Significant relationships between bacterial community composition and PAHs suggest that, potentially, extant microbial communities may contribute to natural attenuation and/or bioremediation of PAHs.
Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Stimulates Jun Kinase Activity Through Redox Signaling in Cardiac Myocytes

Hypoxia and reoxygenation are principal components of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion and have distinctive effects on the tissue. Both conditions have been associated with inflammation, necrosis, apoptosis, and myocardial infarction. Using a cell culture model of ischemia and reperfusion in which cardiac myocytes were exposed to cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation, we report here that reoxygenation, but not hypoxia alone, caused sustained [nearly =] 10-fold increases in phosphorylation of the amino-terminal domain of the c-jun transcription factor. The activation was similar to treatments with anisomycin or okadaic acid and correlated with the hypoxia-mediated depression of intracellular glutathione. Reoxygenation-induced c-Jun kinase activity was reduced by preincubating myocytes during the hypoxia phase with the spin-trap agent alpha-phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone or with N-acetylcysteine. The kinase activation was also inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein but not by other protein kinase inhibitors. These results implicate unquenched reactive oxygen intermediates as the stimulus that initiates a kinase pathway involving the stress-activated protein kinases (JNKs/SAPKs) in reoxygenated cardiac myocytes.
Modular units and the $q$-difference equations of Selberg

In this paper we present a subgroup of modular units that arise naturally from analytic solutions to higher order $q$-recurrence equations given by Selberg in his work generalizing the Rogers-Ramanujan identities. Further, we express these modular units in terms of Siegel functions as considered by Kubert and Lang, and show they generate the group of all units of the modular curves $X(\ell)$ with cuspidal support on $\pi^{-1}(\infty)$, where $\pi:X(\ell)\to X_0(\ell)$ is the canonical projection.
Computationally-efficient iterative decoding for storage system design: Min-Sum refined

In this paper we propose a computationally-efficient, iterative decoding algorithm that is well-suited for storage systems with very stringent reliability constraints and low redundancy/high code rate requirements. The proposed Dual-Scaling Min-Sum (DS-MSA) overcomes certain deficiencies of the Min-Sum approximation when used for decoding graph-based codes. We observe that a small but non-negligible fraction of check-to-variable messages is underestimated by the Normalized Min-Sum algorithm in the low error rate region. By carefully adjusting the scaling factor for the variable-to-check message with the smallest magnitude, we develop the DS-MSA algorithm characterized by two scaling parameters. The proposed algorithm (1) outperforms Sum-Product and (Normalized) Min-Sum algorithms in the very low error rate regime, (2) maintains the low-complexity feature of the Min-Sum, and (3) can be easily combined with existing decoder implementations.
Convective Episodes in the East-Central United States

Nine years of composited radar data are investigated to assess the presence of organized convective episodes in the east-central United States. In the eastern United States, the afternoon maximum in thunderstorms is ubiquitous over land. However, after removing this principal diurnal peak from the radar data, the presence and motion of organized convective systems becomes apparent in both temporally averaged fields and in the statistics of convective episodes identified by an objective algorithm. Convective echoes are diurnally maximized over the Appalachian chain, and are repeatedly observed to move toward the east. Partly as a result of this, the daily maximum in storms is delayed over the Piedmont and coastal plain relative to the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic coast. During the 9 yr studied, the objective algorithm identified 2128 total convective episodes (236 yr 1 ), with several recurring behaviors. Many systems developed over the elevated terrain during the afternoon and moved eastward, often to the coastline and even offshore. In addition, numerous systems formed to the west of the Appalachian Mountains and moved into and across the eastern U.S. study domain. In particular, many nocturnal convective systems from the central United States entered the western side of the study domain, frequently arriving at the eastern mountains around the next day’s afternoon maximum in storm frequency. A fraction of such well-timed systems succeeded in crossing the Appalachians and continuing across the Piedmont and coastal plain. Convective episodes were most frequent during the high-instability, low-shear months of summer, which dominate the year-round statistics. Even so, an important result is that the episodes still occurred almost exclusively in above-average vertical wind shear. Despite the overall dominance of the diurnal cycle, the data show that adequate shear in the region frequently leads to long-lived convective episodes with mesoscale organization.
Severe open ankle sprain.

A healthy 19-year-old male presented with complaints of right ankle pain. Twelve hours before, he had jumped off a skateboard, inverting and abrading his right ankle. He noted continued bleeding from the injury and difficulty bearing weight. He had a 1-cm puncture-type wound anterolateral to his lateral malleolus with oozing blood. There was a large hematoma and diffuse tenderness to palpation over the entire lateral malleolus. Sensation, pulses, and strength were intact and there was no joint laxity. Ankle radiographs showed pneumarthrosis and air in the soft tissues of the leg (Figure, parts a and b). There were no fractures, and ankle alignment was preserved. Stress views showed no widening of the mortise. The orthopedic surgery team was consulted.
Genetic Analysis of the Sinorhizobium meliloti BacA Protein: Differential Effects of Mutations on Phenotypes

Sinorhizobium meliloti strains lacking BacA function are impaired in symbiosis with alfalfa host plants and display altered sensitivities to a number of compounds relative to wild-type strains. With the goal of finding clues to the currently unknown biological function(s) of BacA, we carried out a genetic analysis to determine which amino acids are critical for protein function and to attempt to ascertain whether the multiple phenotypes that result from a bacA-null allele were the result of a common cause or whether BacA has multiple functions. We have created a set of 20 site-directed mutants in which selected individual amino acids in bacA were replaced with glycine residues. The resulting mutants were characterized to determine how the various amino acid changes affected a number of phenotypes associated with loss of BacA function. Mutants H165G, W182G, D198G, and R284G had null phenotypes for all functions assayed, while mutants W57G, S83G, S231G, and K350G were indistinguishable from wild-type strains. The remaining 12 site-directed mutants demonstrate mixed phenotypic characteristics and fall into a number of distinctly different groups. These observations may be consistent with a role for BacA in multiple, nonoverlapping functions.
EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS IN RATS INDUCED BY INJECTION OF ANTIKIDNEY SERUM V. CHRONIC NEPHRITIS OF INSIDIOUS DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING APPARENT RECOVERY FROM ACUTE NEPHROTOXIC NEPHRITIS

1. Three different inbred lines of rats were found to vary in their response to antikidney serum: rats of the Whelan strain were most susceptible to nephrotoxin and most prone to develop chronic glomerulonephritis immediately following the acute injury induced by this agent; animals of the Evans strain were almost as vulnerable to the acute effects of nephrotoxin; Wistar rats were the least affected. 2. Both Evans and Wistar rats usually recovered quickly from the acute injury, and between the 2nd and 5th months after injection they excreted normal or only slightly abnormal urines. During this period of absence of clinical signs of disease, histopathological examination of their kidneys revealed only minor scarring in the glomerular tufts. 3. Most of these apparently recovered rats subsequently developed a slowly progressing chronic glomerulonephritis irrespective of whether they were fed a basal or high protein diet. 4. Histopathologically similar renal lesions were present in all three strains of rats with active chronic nephritis regardless of whether the chronic disease followed immediately the acute nephrotoxic injury or was separated from it by an interval of months. These lesions were somewhat more severe, however, in Whelan rats. 5. Some intraglomerular scarring was present in the kidneys of all rats which survived acute nephrotoxic nephritis. It was especially prominent in those animals that remained clinically cured for as long as a year. 6. The permanent clinical recovery of certain animals, which were found to have moderate glomerular fibrosis on postmortem examination, suggests that factors other than this residual scarring contributed to the development of the recurrent nephritis observed in most of the Evans and Wistar rats. These unknown factors may produce varying degrees of renal functional trauma affecting both glomeruli and tubules.
The Causal Relationship Between Trust And The Assessed Value Of Management By Objectives

The causal direction between interpersonal trust and assessed value of an MBO program is investigated in a large mass-transit organization. Three measures of trust were (ollected that indicated the respondents' trust of their superiors, top management, and the MBO consultant. The results indicated that trust in superior and trust in top management aff et the assessed value otf MBO. The relationship between trust in the MBO consultant and the assessment value of MBO suggests that an interaction elt occurred.
UVA-photoactivated riboflavin effect on isolated vaginal tissues derived from pelvic organ prolapse cases

Purpose To determine the optimal riboflavin exposure time before UVA irradiation and to study the effects of exogenous collagen on the mechano-tensile stiffness of isolated vaginal tissue strips after riboflavin UVA photoactivation.
The C. elegans DYRK Kinase MBK-2 Marks Oocyte Proteins for Degradation in Response to Meiotic Maturation

Summary The oocyte-to-embryo transition transforms a differentiated germ cell into a totipotent zygote capable of somatic development. In C. elegans , several oocyte proteins, including the meiotic katanin subunit MEI-1 and the oocyte maturation protein OMA-1, must be degraded during this transition [1]. Degradation of MEI-1 and OMA-1 requires the dual-specificity YAK-1-related (DYRK) kinase MBK-2 [2–4]. Here, we demonstrate that MBK-2 directly phosphorylates MEI-1 and OMA-1 in vitro and that this activity is essential for degradation in vivo. Phosphorylation of MEI-1 by MBK-2 reaches maximal levels after the meiotic divisions, immediately preceding MEI-1 degradation. MEI-1 phosphorylation and degradation still occur in spe-9 eggs, which undergo meiotic maturation and exit in the absence of fertilization [5]. In contrast, MEI-1 phosphorylation and degradation are blocked in cell-cycle mutants that arrest during the meiotic divisions, and are accelerated in wee-1.3(RNAi) oocytes, which prematurely enter meiotic M phase (A. Golden, personal communication). A GFP:MBK-2 fusion relocalizes from the cortex to the cytoplasm during the meiotic divisions, and this relocalization also depends on cell-cycle progression. Our findings suggest that regulators of meiotic M phase activate a remodeling program, independently of fertilization, to prepare eggs for embryogenesis.
Transmission of block turbo coded digital audio over FM-SCA

In this paper, an efficient coded scheme for transmitting digital audio over the existing FM channel, by multiplexing it with the baseband FM signal, is described. Transmission of multiplexed signals in the FM baseband called FM-SCA (subsidiary communications authorization) has been previously used for low quality analog content and some low rate digital content. The investigated scheme opens up the possibility of achieving CD quality audio over FM-SCA by enabling high bitrate transmission using MPEG-I layer 3 and MPEG-AAC audio coding for the digital audio. These schemes provide CD quality audio at or below 128 kbps, MPEG-AAC being able to do so at rates as low as 96 kbps. Block turbo codes (BTC), which offer near Shannon's limit performance with relatively low hardware complexity requirements, provide the error protection. Block turbo codes have been shown to be particularly effective for high coding rates. The system uses OFDM in conjunction with 8PSK/16PSK to modulate the digital bitstream and fit it in the 44 kHz (54 to 98 kHz) band available in the FM baseband. Simulation results show an optimal system configuration for digital audio transmission in FM-SCA.
Agency Theory in the Not-for-Profit Sector: Its Role at Independent Colleges

Agency theory has long been studied in the corporate setting and used to explain perfor- mance in management and in boards of directors. However, little has been done to extend this research into the area of not-for-profits. Using data collected from member institu- tions of the Council of Independent Colleges, relationships between boards of trustees and presidential demography and institutional performance were examined. Data were ana- lyzed using panel regression with a separate panel for each year's data and for each of the responding schools. Using revenue and gift income as dependent variables, it was found that increases in the size, average tenure, and level of business executive background on a board led to subsequent increases in performance for the institution. Diversity of the board had mixed results, whereas presidential tenure improved performance. These find- ings partially support the hypotheses and extend the explanatory reach of agency theory into the not-for-profit sector.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by a new marine bacterium, Neptunomonas naphthovorans gen. nov., sp. nov

Two strains of bacteria were isolated from creosote-contaminated Puget Sound sediment based on their ability to utilize naphthalene as a sole carbon and energy source. When incubated with a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compound in artificial seawater, each strain also degraded 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene; in addition, one strain, NAG-2N-113, degraded 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene and phenanthrene. Acenaphthene was not degraded when it was used as a sole carbon source but was degraded by both strains when it was incubated with a mixture of seven other PAHs. Degenerate primers and the PCR were used to isolate a portion of a naphthalene dioxygenase iron-sulfur protein (ISP) gene from each of the strains. A phylogenetic analysis of PAH dioxygenase ISP deduced amino acid sequences showed that the genes isolated in this study were distantly related to the genes encoding naphthalene dioxygenases of Pseudomonas and Burkholderia strains. Despite the differences in PAH degradation phenotype between the new strains, the dioxygenase ISP deduced amino acid fragments of these organisms were 97.6% identical. 16S ribosomal DNA-based phylogenetic analysis placed these bacteria in the gamma-3 subgroup of the Proteobacteria, most closely related to members of the genus Oceanospirillum. However, morphologic, physiologic, and genotypic differences between the new strains and the oceanospirilla justify the creation of a novel genus and species, Neptunomonas naphthovorans. The type strain of N. naphthovorans is strain NAG-2N-126.
Exploring Psychophysiological Markers of Vulnerability to Somatic Illnesses in Females

Objective To examine the association between biological stress regulation and somatic complaints in young girls prior to the onset of clear psychopathology such as somatization disorder. Methods Salivary cortisol, heart rate variability (HRV), and negative mood were assessed in 48 12-year-old girls in response to the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C). Parent and child report on the Children's Somatization Inventory was used to identify girls with high and low somatic complaints. Results Girls with high levels of somatic complaints had significantly higher initial levels of cortisol, which decreased over time, and showed a trend for a more limited HRV in response to the TSST-C than girls with low levels of somatic complaints. Conclusions High levels of cortisol and possibly low HRV among girls with somatic complaints may interfere with flexibility in responding to typical psychosocial stressors, which may increase vulnerability to the onset of somatic illnesses in females.
Science and Apologetics in the Early Boyle Lectures

With the endowment of a lectureship for the defense of the Christion faith, the distinguished English natural philosopher, Robert Boyle, gave the Anglican church a unique opportunity to counter the atheistic currents of thought which were posing a challenge to the faithful in the late seventeenth century. Of the Boyle lectures preached between 1692 and 1713, the most important and popular ones incorporated the new natural philosophy of the age—including some of the recently published ideas of Newton—in an apologetic which was remarkable for its flexibility and its concern with contemporary theological issues. Within the institutional framework which Boyle's generosity had provided, certain of the Anglican clergy devoted themselves anew to the age-old exercise of utilizing the discoveries of science in the service of their faith. It was particularly appropriate that they do so since many of the challenges were based implicitly or explicitly on a materialistic and mechanistic science.
Factor Associated With Neutral Sphingomyelinase Activation and Its Role in Cardiac Cell Death

Generation of proapoptotic sphingolipids by neutral sphingomyelinase activation is an early response to hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) in cardiomyocytes. Factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase activation (FAN) mediates activation of sphingomyelinase and subsequent apoptosis. However, the participation of FAN in HR-induced cardiomyocyte cell death has not been elucidated. We therefore investigated the expression and role of FAN in rat cardiomyocytes. A cDNA was isolated from rat heart encoding putative rat FAN. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, immunoelectron microscopy, and immunofluorescence demonstrated for the first time the expression of FAN specifically in rat cardiomyocytes. FAN expression was confirmed by the finding that expression of a dominant-negative FAN almost completely abrogated HR-induced cell death, whereas overexpression of wild-type FAN led to an increase. Treatment of FAN and dominant-negative FAN–expressing cells with C2-ceramide produced substantial cell death, indicating dominant-negative FAN exerts its protective action by interfering with the activation of the sphingolipid cascade. Taking these results together, we conclude that FAN is a previously undescribed and important HR signaling component in the heart and that inhibition of FAN may provide a novel intervention point for reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Indications for orthodontic-prosthodontic collaboration in dental treatment

Clinical cases exemplify indications for the collaboration of treatment. Coordination, sequence, and timing are explained as they relate to the key treatment objectives-restoring normal function to dentition and achieving a nonpathogenic distribution of occlusal forces. A combined orthodontic-prosthodontic approach greatly benefits patients needing comprehensive dental care. Improvements in function, oral health, and esthetic appearance can be realized by appropriately planning the sequence and the timing of treatment procedures.
Influence of interface depth upon strong ground motion

Abstract Scattering of elastic waves by an alluvial valley of arbitrary shape is investigated. The valley, embedded into linearly elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic half-space, is subjected to incident plane harmonic wave. Surface displacement field is evaluated numerically for semi-elliptical alluvial valley and incident SH , P , SV , and Rayleigh waves for different depths of the alluvial valley. The results indicate that the interface depth might influence differently the surface displacement field for different incident waves and at different frequencies. At low frequency (Ω = 0.4) and fixed angle of incidence (θ o = 30°), the surface displacement field due to SH waves is less sensitive to the increase in the interface depth compared to surface motion due to P and SV waves. At higher frequency (Ω = 1), the surface motion is very sensitive upon the change in depth of the interface.
Mental Health and Suicide: An Ecological Hierarchical Analysis of U.S. Counties and States

Suicide is a leading cause of death both nationally and internationally (World Health Organization 2008; Nock et al. 2008, 2009). Recent statistics show that in 2000 there were an estimated one million suicides worldwide, a figure that translates into an alarming calculation of 1 suicide death every 40 seconds. Especially bothersome is the observation that the world’s suicide rate has increased steadily over the last 50 years. For instance, the male suicide rate rose from 17 per 100,000 in 1950 to 28 per 100,000 in 2000, and suicide now ranks as the world’s 13th leading cause of death (World Health Organization 2008; Stack and Kposowa 2011). Recent concerns have focused especially on the rise in suicide among youth and the associated rise in years of potential life lost (Stack and Kposowa 2011). The proportion of suicides among the relatively young to early middle age group (ages 5–44) rose from 40% of all suicides in 1950% to 55% of all suicides in 2000. World-wide, suicide now ranks as the third leading cause of death for the young (World Health Organization 2008). Given the increasing young age of suicide victims, years of potential life lost in suicides is much higher than for the top leading causes of death, cancer and heart disease (Stack and Kposowa 2011). For every completed suicide, there are family members and significant others whose lives are severely affected emotionally, economically, and socially by the death.