cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Money matters: a resident curriculum for financial management.

Abstract Background A 2005 survey reported 87% of surgery program directors believed practice management training should occur during residency. However, only 8% of program directors believed residents received adequate training in practice management [1] . In addition to the gap in practice financial management knowledge, we recognized the need for training in personal finance among residents. A literature review and needs assessment led to the development of a novel curriculum for surgery residents combining principles of practice management and personal finance. Methods An 18-h curriculum was administered over the 2012 academic year to 28 post graduate year 1–5 surgery residents and faculty. A self-assessment survey was given at the onset and conclusion of the curriculum [2] . Pre-tests and post-tests were given to objectively evaluate each twice monthly session's content. Self-perception of learning, interest, and acquired knowledge were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Results Initial self-assessment data revealed high interest in practice management and personal finance principles but a deficiency in knowledge of and exposure to these topics. Throughout the curriculum, interest increased. Residents believed their knowledge of these topics increased after completing the curriculum, and objective data revealed various impacts on knowledge. Conclusions Although surgery residents receive less exposure to these topics than residents in other specialties, their need to know is no less. We developed, implemented, and evaluated a curriculum that bridged this gap in surgery education. After the curriculum, residents reported an increase in interest, knowledge, and responsible behavior relating to personal and practice financial management.
Frameshifting RNA pseudoknots: Structure and mechanism

Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is one of the multiple translational recoding processes that fundamentally alters triplet decoding of the messenger RNA by the elongating ribosome. The ability of the ribosome to change translational reading frames in the -1 direction (-1 PRF) is employed by many positive strand RNA viruses, including economically important plant viruses and many human pathogens, such as retroviruses, e.g., HIV-1, and coronaviruses, e.g., the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), in order to properly express their genomes. -1 PRF is programmed by a bipartite signal embedded in the mRNA and includes a heptanucleotide "slip site" over which the paused ribosome "backs up" by one nucleotide, and a downstream stimulatory element, either an RNA pseudoknot or a very stable RNA stem-loop. These two elements are separated by six to eight nucleotides, a distance that places the 5' edge of the downstream stimulatory element in direct contact with the mRNA entry channel of the 30S ribosomal subunit. The precise mechanism by which the downstream RNA stimulates -1 PRF by the translocating ribosome remains unclear. This review summarizes the recent structural and biophysical studies of RNA pseudoknots and places this work in the context of our evolving mechanistic understanding of translation elongation. Support for the hypothesis that the downstream stimulatory element provides a kinetic barrier to the ribosome-mediated unfolding is discussed.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Peripheral Artery Disease as a Manifestation of Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and Practical Implications”

We appreciate the letters received regarding our recent report.1 In terms of vascular risk profile, the patient is only hypertensive. He does not have diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, or any other medical problems, including autoimmune or hematological disorders; he only smokes tobacco occasionally (7 packs per year). The patient’s background is pertinent, being indigent and homeless, and having only received fragmented medical care. He had surgical intervention of a fractured right ankle before admission into our care. We lack details of intraoperative management of blood pressure and core temperature. These circumstances may well have influenced the neuroimaging findings. We agree with Pescini et al that clinical features in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) are generally limited to the nervous system; however, it is well known that the vasculopathy is systemic. We therefore believe that peripheral artery disease might be an under- or unrecognized component of the spectrum of manifestations of human disease associated with Notch3 mutations. An important consideration is whether CADASIL patients develop peripheral artery disease only under certain physiologic conditions; …
Durability of pyrolytic carbon-containing heart valve prostheses†

To assess abrasive wear of mechanical valve prostheses containing pyrolytic carbon components, we recovered at necropsy or surgery and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and surface profilometry eight prostheses. Seven were implanted for 30–85 (mean 50 months). Valves included DeBakey aortic (2), DeBakey mitral (1), Beall mitral (2), Bjork–Shiley aortic (1), Cooley–Cutter mitral (1), and Lillehei–Kaster (L–K) tricuspid (1). All carbon occluders had undetectable wear. Carbon cage struts had a superficial burnish. Metallic struts had insignificant wear marks. In contrast, a Teflon Beall Model 104 valve implanted for 34 days and similarly analyzed had considerable material loss from the cage struts. This study suggests that clinically important abrasive wear will not be a late complication of cardiac valve replacement with pyrolytic carbon prostheses.
Twin studies of Alzheimer disease: II. Some predictions under a genetic model.

The twin method for investigating genetic and environmental causes of disease has been applied mostly in early-onset illnesses. Analysis of late-onset disorders requires reexamination of common assumptions about the relation between genetic causes and the degree of concordance expected. This paper considers Alzheimer disease (AD) as an example of a late-onset disorder with putative genetic factors. For argument it employs the strong hypothesis that AD is an autosomal dominant trait with age-dependent expression, as described by a previously published parametric model. That model encompasses 2 principal variants of disease: a rare form with onset in middle life, and a more common late-onset type which is nonetheless eventually fully penetrant. The present work then specifies the probability that, when a given member of a twin pair (the proband) is affected, an identical or fraternal cotwin also shows the disease. Such probability is expressed as a function of the age at onset of the proband and the current age of the pair. Even under strong working assumptions regarding genetic influence, the expected proportion of identical cotwins actually affected with AD will not exceed 40% until the subjects are about 80 years old. Therefore, except in very old subjects, modest twin concordance is a feeble argument against genetic causes, or in favor of exclusively environmental ones. In this sense the interpretation of results of twin studies in AD and other late-onset disorders differs substantially from studies of diseases with early onset. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Scholarship and the ship of state: Rethinking the Anglo-American strategic decline analogy

This article uses the centenary of the First World War as an opportunity to re-examine a major element of the existing literature on the war—the strategic implications of supposed British decline—as well as analogies to the contemporary United States based upon that interpretation of history. It argues that the standard declinist interpretation of British strategy rests to a surprising degree upon the work of the naval historian Arthur Marder, and that Marder's archival research and conceptual framework were weaker than is generally realized. It suggests that more recent work appearing since Marder is stronger and renders the declinist strategic interpretation difficult to maintain. It concludes by considering the implications of this new work for analogies between the United States today and First World War-era Britain, and for the use of history in contemporary policy debates.
Geodynamo reversal frequency and heterogeneous core–mantle boundary heat flow

Abstract We analyze more than two hundred and forty magnetic polarity reversals and excursions over forty million years of time from numerical dynamos with heterogeneous boundary heat flux. Comparisons between a dynamo with uniform boundary heat flux, dynamos with boundary heat flux patterns consisting of a single spherical harmonic, and dynamos with tomographic heat flux patterns proportional to the large-scale lateral variation of seismic shear wave velocity in the lower mantle reveal that boundary heat flux heterogeneity tends to increase the average frequency of polarity reversals relative to uniform boundary conditions, particularly if the heterogeneity increases the average equatorial heat flux. Non-axisymmetric spherical harmonic degree l = 1 and 2 boundary heterogeneity and the seismically derived tomographic heterogeneity produce comparable reversal and excursion frequencies in our models, suggesting that geomagnetic polarity reversal rates may be relatively insensitive to the non-axisymmetric planform of core–mantle boundary heat flux. In contrast, the average polarity reversal frequency in our models is quite sensitive to the total boundary heat flow and to the total heat flow at the equator, with non-reversing behavior at low heat flow and frequent reversals at high heat flow conditions. Reversal frequency also increases with the amplitude of the boundary heterogeneity, although it is less sensitive to this parameter. Our results suggest that geomagnetic superchrons may correspond to times with reduced core–mantle boundary heat flow, either globally or equatorially, and conversely, periods with high paleomagnetic reversal frequency may correspond to times with increased heat flow at the core–mantle boundary.
Activation of mast cells by systemic hypoxia, but not by local hypoxia, mediates increased leukocyte-endothelial adherence in cremaster venules.

Systemic hypoxia, produced by lowering inspired Po2, induces a rapid inflammation in several microcirculations, including cremaster muscle. Mast cell activation is a necessary element of this respo...
Efficient indexing of multi-color sets for content-based image retrieval

The color set concept of Smith and Chang (1995, 1996) is a useful and efficient approach to image indexing and querying in a way that combines color and spatial information. By indexing relatively important regions based on both their color content and their spatial locations, the color set method allows rapid retrieval of images matching a specified color-spatial query. To produce a color set representation for an image, it is necessary to determine the relevant color combinations that occur in the image. We present here a new technique for determine the relevant color combinations much more efficiently than the original algorithm. Using this refinement, the process of analyzing an image in order to produce a color set description becomes many times faster.
Advocacy for Gifted Programs in the New Educational Climate

This article looks at gifted and talented education within the context of the ongoing discussions about educational reform. The author urges educators involved in gifted and talented education to b...
Public Capabilities and Health Care Effectiveness: Implications from a Comparative Perspective

This article examines inter-relationship between "centers" and "peripheries" within political, professional and health care systems. It seeks to determine which conditions tend to improve the capacity of public authorities to further such measures of effectiveness as access to, quality of, and complementarity of health care delivery. Examples are selected from the experience of the United States and West European countries.
Achieving fairness in distributed scheduling in wireless ad-hoc networks

Fairness is an important design criterion for medium access control protocol in multihop wireless networks. It is a complex problem due to its many dimensions that include consideration of location-dependent contention, spatial reuse of channels, and desire to achieve fully distributed scheduling in the wireless communication systems. This paper presents a localized and fully distributed algorithm with fair scheduling in multihop wireless networks. The proposed algorithm incorporates start time fair queuing (STFQ) into the distributed coordination function (DCF) in IEEE 802.11. Our algorithm accounts for the services that have already been received by the sender to adjust the backoff timer to ensure that every flow gets a fair service. We propose a simple data structure that every node (sender or receiver) needs to maintain and an update mechanism that achieves fairness. We illustrate through simulations that the proposed algorithm achieves the desired fairness.
Is Facilitation a True Species Interaction

Current ecological literature considers facilitation to be a positive interaction alongside symbiosis or mutualism. But unlike these interactions, the fitness of one of the species involved in facilitation remains unaffected which precludes coevolution. Therefore, we believe that facilitation is not a true species interaction and should be kept within the framework of succession.
Progress in infant immunization

Abstract The use of modern-day vacines has resulted in the marked reduction and, in some cases, elimination of a number of infectious diseases. The success of these vaccination programs has identified immunization as the number one public health achievement of the 20th century and among the most effective interventions in medicine. This article will consider the recent changes in the recommendations for use of influenza and hepatitis A vaccines during childhood and review clinical-trial results for the new infant vaccine licensed in 2006 for the prevention of rotavirus infection.
The Compliant A-Arm Suspension

The use compliant mechanisms in a suspension system has been demonstrated with leaf spring mechanisms. In this research a novel compliant configuration called the Compliant A-Arm (C-A-Arm) suspension is selected for in-depth study. Closed-from equations are derived for linear small-deflection stiffness equations. Large deflections are analyzed using finite element analysis. A pseudo-rigid-body model is developed to approximate mechanism deflections and stiffness for large deflections. The results suggest that the C-A-Arm configuration may be a viable suspension alternative for future commercial application. In addition, this configuration offers a number of performance variables that could be the basis for an active control system. This paper represents a necessary first step in modeling this new configuration.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
A radiation resistant dipole

Several proposed and approved accelerator projects will need to deal with magnetic elements operating in high-radiation environments. Previous projects at LANL and PSI have relied on resistive magnets, but these new projects require the higher capabilities of superconducting magnets. A superferric dipole has been constructed using radiation resistant materials to meet these needs. The dipole uses cold iron and coils wound with materials that have high tolerance to the expected flux of high-energy neutrons. Primary insulation was polyimid and the coils were potted with CTD-422, a cyanate ester. The magnet operated at slightly greater than the manufacture's guaranteed short sample current. Quench characteristics were compared with calculations, indicating a relatively slow transverse propagation.
Impact of Cesarean Section on Neonatal Mortality Rates Among Very Preterm Infants in the United States, 2000–2003

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this analysis was to compare the neonatal mortality rates for infants delivered through primary cesarean section versus vaginal delivery, taking into consideration a number of potentially risk-modifying conditions. METHODS. US linked birth and infant death certificate files for 2000–2003 were used. Demographic, medical, and labor and delivery complications were abstracted from the files with infant information. The primary outcome examined was neonatal death (death at 0–27 days of age). Because of concern regarding misclassification of gestational age, a procedure was used to trim away births for which the birth weight for a specific gestational age was incongruous. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated for the risk of neonatal death relative to the mode of delivery (primary cesarean section versus vaginal delivery), using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS. There were data for 13 733 neonatal deaths and 106 809 survivors available from the trimmed data set for analysis for the 4-year period. More than 80% of pregnancies with delivery between 22 and 31 weeks of gestation experienced ≥1 risk factor. Adjusted odds ratios demonstrated significantly reduced risk of neonatal death for infants delivered through cesarean section at 22 to 25 weeks of gestation (adjusted odds ratios of 0.58, 0.52, 0.72, and 0.81 for 22, 23, 24, and 25 weeks, respectively). CONCLUSION. Cesarean section does seem to provide survival advantages for the most immature infants delivered at 22 to 25 weeks of gestation, independent of maternal risk factors for cesarean section.
The New European Union: Integration as a Means of Norm Diffusion

Although European shared norms can be identified through the Copenhagen Criteria, few scholars have examined what methods the European Union employs to ensure norm diffusion. This study examines the impact of EU norm diffusion on both member and candidate states. The European Union faces two different situations when it seeks to diffuse norms: targeting candidate states to ensure the adoption of shared European norms or targeting member states to ensure the adoption of specific norms. This paper argues that by utilizing the accession process, the European Union is actually better able to influence candidate states that wish to become members than current member states.
Assessment of Emergency Preparedness Modules in Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experiences

Objective. To determine the impact of emergency preparedness simulations in mass triage and mass dispensing on student pharmacist performance and perceived competency when assuming pharmacist roles in disaster situations. Design. Second-year student pharmacists (144) completed two 3-hour simulations focusing on mass triage and mass dispensing. The mass triage simulation consisted of virtual and live victims to be triaged and assigned a transport order. In the mass dispensing simulation, students assumed patient and pharmacist roles in a point-of-dispensing exercise for influenza. Assessment. For the mass triage simulation, students were challenged most by determining which patients could wait for emergency care but did well assessing those who required immediate or minimal care (83% and 64% correct, respectively). During the mass dispensing simulation, students performed screening and dispensing functions with accuracy rates of 88% and 90%, respectively. Conclusion. Student pharmacists performed well in screening and dispensing functions, but struggled with mass casualty triage during emergency preparedness simulations.
Do incident and recurrent venous thromboembolism risks truly differ between heterozygous and homozygous Factor V Leiden carriers? A retrospective cohort study.

Abstract Introduction While Factor V Leiden (F5 rs6025 A allele) is a known venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factor, VTE risk among heterozygous vs. homozygous carriers is uncertain. Materials and methods In a retrospective cohort study of Mayo Clinic patients referred for genotyping between 1996 and 2013, we tested Factor V Leiden genotype as a risk factor for incident and recurrent VTE. Results Among heterozygous (n = 268) and homozygous (n = 111) carriers, the prevalence of VTE was 54% and 68%, respectively (p = 0.016). While mean patient age at first VTE event (43.9 vs. 42.9 years; p = 0.70) did not differ significantly, median VTE-free survival was modestly shorter for homozygous carriers (56.8 vs 59.5 years; p = 0.04). Sixty-nine (48%) and 31 (42%) heterozygous and homozygous carriers had ≥ 1 VTE recurrence (p = 0.42). In a multivariable model, idiopathic incident VTE and a second thrombophilia were associated with increased and anticoagulation duration > 6 months with reduced hazards of VTE recurrence; Factor V Leiden genotype was not an independent predictor of recurrence. Conclusions Aside from a higher VTE prevalence and modestly reduced VTE-free survival, VTE penetrance and phenotype severity did not differ significantly among homozygous vs. heterozygous carriers, suggesting that VTE prophylaxis and management should not differ by Factor V Leiden genotype.
Multiscale unified prediction of size/scale and Hall-Petch effects in the mechanics of polycrystalline materials

Materials show size effects in their strength, i.e., improved strength as size decreases. Size effects have been studied extensively at a wide range of scales, from atomistic to continuum. Size effects depend on the scale of reference, as the physics change with increasing or decreasing scale. The work reported herein concentrates at scales near the average grain size in polycrystalline solids, where they are examined in conjunction with Hall- Petch effects. It presents a process for isolating physical information on a problem at specific spatial or tempo- ral scales and applies it to Hall-Petch and size effects in one spatial dimension, extendable to higher dimensions. Importantly, the scale-isolated information captures the interactions among scales. As material failure and Hall-Petch effects are highly stochastic, a probabilistic approach to the present work is more appropriate than a deterministic one.
Calcineurin Subunits A and B Interact to Regulate Growth and Asexual and Sexual Development in Neurospora crassa

Calcineurin is a calcium/calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase in eukaryotes that consists of a catalytic subunit A and a regulatory subunit B. Previous studies in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa had suggested that the catalytic subunit of calcineurin might be an essential protein. We generated N. crassa strains expressing the A (cna-1) and B (cnb-1) subunit genes under the regulation of Ptcu-1, a copper-responsive promoter. In these strains, addition of bathocuproinedisulfonic acid (BCS), a copper chelator, results in induction of cna-1 and cnb-1, while excess Cu2+ represses gene expression. Through analysis of these strains under repressing and inducing conditions, we found that the calcineurin is required for normal growth, asexual development and female fertility in N. crassa. Moreover, we isolated and analyzed cnb-1 mutant alleles generated by repeat-induced point mutation (RIP), with the results further supporting roles for calcineurin in growth and fertility in N. crassa. We demonstrated a direct interaction between the CNA-1 and CNB-1 proteins using an assay system developed to study protein-protein interactions in N. crassa.
Current treatment of infection stones in high risk patients.

AbstractDuring a 12-month interval we removed struvite calculi from 20 kidneys in high risk patients, including 10 kidneys with branched stones. Endourological methods were used for primary treatment of 16 renal units and 12 (75 per cent) are free of stones. Endoscopic removal of residual stone fragments also was successful in 2 of 3 patients following a conventional open operation. The remaining stone fragments were located in isolated calices. Endourology presently is an integral component of a total therapeutic program for management of complicated patients with struvite calculi.
Fourier Transform Heterodyne Spectroscopy: A Simple Novel Technique with Ultrahigh (150 mHz) Resolution

Light beating spectroscopy has been used from the early days of the laser to study light scattering.1 By detecting the beating signal between the scattered light and a ‘local oscillator’ field derived from the same laser, resolving powers of 1014 have been achieved. The Fourier transform heterodyne spectroscopy presented here is simpler and more direct than the conventional heterodyne techniques using autocorrelators or spectrum analyzers.
Major Antifungal Drugs

This chapter describes the major classes of drugs used to treat fungal infections today and those drugs in advanced development. For each class, the discussion is divided into sections covering: (1) the mechanism of action; (2) structure–activity relationships (SARs); (3) pharmacokinetic and clinical profiles; and (4) mechanisms of resistance. Finally, two new mechanisms with the potential to deliver future antifungal drugs are highlighted.
Smart phone compatible peak expiratory flow meter

Asthma is a chronic air way inflammatory disease that restricts airflow in lungs through acute reduction of airway by a combination of smooth muscle constriction, swelling, and increased mucus secretion. While there is no cure for asthma, the disease can be controlled by avoiding or removing triggers, closely monitoring lung function, and medication management. The home environment is essential to the prevention, control, and treatment of asthma. Home care includes self-monitoring using peak expiratory flow (PEF) device and a written asthma action plan. A peak flow meter is used to measure the volume of forced exhalation, and is a reliable and objective measure to signify potential onset of exacerbation before symptoms are felt, determine the severity of exacerbations, and evaluate treatment. Existing peak flow meters require the user to remember and follow the procedure to take peak flow measurements and thus have reduced compliance. In this paper we propose a low cost, portable, smartphone compatible peak flow meter design that connects to a smartphone through the audio jack.
Identification of Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes Silenced Epigenetically in Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

Abstract Many tumor suppressor genes are silenced by epigenetic mechanisms in human cancers, including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In this study, we have used a variety of research tools to screen for genes that are epigenetically silenced in MCL. Changes in the global gene expression profile of the MCL cell line, Jeko1, were analyzed after treatment with the combination of the demethylating agent, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, and the histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoyl anilide bishydroxamide, by DNA microarray technique. By screening over 22,000 genes, we identified 26 candidate tumor suppressor genes, expression of which were enhanced by the treatment, in the MCL line. Basal expression of these 26 genes were low in Jeko1 cells. The treatment enhanced the expression more than 2 folds and the enhancement was also confirmed by real-time PCR. Methylation status of these 26 genes were examined by bisulfite sequencing and/or combined bisulfite and restriction enzyme digestion assay in Jeko1 cells. We found hypermethylation of a CpG island in the middle of the INPP5F gene. We also found the hypermethylation of that region of INPP5F in normal peripheral blood. We also examined expression levels of these 26 genes in normal mantle cells by real-time PCR and found only 11 genes showed high levels of transcription in laser-dissected normal mantle cells. We examined expression of these 11 genes in eight MCL clinical samples by real-time PCR and found that only three genes, INPP5F, DUSP10 and FGD2 showed very low expression levels. We conclude that expression of INPP5F, DUSP10 and FGD2 genes were suppressed in MCL cells although the expression of these genes are high in normal mantle cells. INPP5F is a inositol phosphatase and could be involved in PI3K pathway. DUSP10 is a dual specific phosphatase and could be involved in JNK pathway. FGD2 is a RAS-GAP gene and could be involved in RAS pathway. These three genes may be candidate tumor suppressor genes in MCL and further functional analysis is ongoing.
An Optical Phased Array for LIDAR

We have previously demonstrated the development of an Optical Phased Array (OPA) micromechanical system (MEMS) used for beam steering, which shows great advantages over previous mechanisms such as opto-mechanical, acousto-optical (AO) or electro-optical (EO). We aim to integrate the OPA MEMS system into the application of automobile navigation, which is currently primarily dominated by opto-mechanical scanning based systems. Opto-mechanical scanning devices are usually bulky and relatively slow, while competing technologies (AO, EO) utilize devices that while small in size, cannot provide the steering speeds and versatility necessary for many applications. In drawing from phased array concepts that revolutionized RADAR technology by providing a compact, agile alternative to mechanically steered technology, the OPA based LIDAR program seeks to integrate thousands of closely packed optical emitting facets, precise relative electronic phase control of these facets, and all within a very small form factor. Comparing with other competing LIDAR system, the OPA based LIDAR system will have multiple degrees of freedom for phase control which enables not only agile beam steering but also beam forming and multiple beam generation, greatly expanding the diversity of applications.
Experimental Comparison of Two Input Shaping Methods for the Control of Resonant Systems

Abstract The paper compares two input shaping methods designed to prevent the excitation of oscillatory modes in resonant systems. The first method produces a control signal that is the linear combination of delayed versions of the reference input. The resulting control system is linear time-invariant but infinite-dimensional. Its transfer function has an infinite number of complex zeros, and some of them are being placed exactly at the locations of the resonant modes of the plant. In contrast, the second method is based on a pole/zero cancellation of the resonant modes using a finite-dimensional controller. Experimental results are presented for a system in which a DC motor is used to control the position of a flexible arm. The step response of the plant is poorly damped, but the transient response is much improved when either input shaping method is used. It is shown that a simple method can be incorporated in the second method for the automatic adjustment of the controller parameters, making it particularly attractive.
Total Kininogen Levels, Plasma Renin Activity, Dopamine-Beta-Hydroxylase and Plasma Catecholamines in Chronic and Acute Renal Failure

It has been shown that deranged sympathetic functions are common in chronic renal failure (CRF) (1,2,3,4), similarly as increased plasma renin activity (PRA) in acute renal failure (ARF) (5,6). Recently it was reported of the adrenergic disorders in oliguric and polyuric periods of ARF (7). It is well known that in healthly persons the renin-angiotensin -system is connected with the adrenergic system and with renal kinins (8). In spite of these data there are very few studies on adrenergic activity in ARF and CRF connected with investigations of PRA and kinins. The present study was undertaken to determine the activity of these systems simultaneously in CRF and ARF.
Genetic diversity and slow rates of evolution in New World alphaviruses.

Alphavirus is a genus of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) in the family Togaviridae. These viruses have a single-strand messenger or plus-sense RNA genome of ca. 11 700 bases. 42S genomic RNA is found in virions and infected cells; a subgenomic 26S RNA species, identical to the 3’-third of the 42S genomic messenger RNA (mRNA), is present only in infected cells and codes only for the structural proteins (Strauss and Strauss 1986; Schlesinger and Schlesinger 1990).
Brain tissue constituive material models and the finite element analysis of blast-induced traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often happens due to assaulting loads such as blast on the human head. Finite elements (FEs) can approximately simulate the blast interactions with the human head. An important parameter in the FE modelling procedures is the accuracy of constitutive formulation of the brain tissue. This paper is focusing on implementation of three brain tissue constitutive relations to measure and compare the dynamic behaviour of the brain under identical blast loads. For the geometry, we employ a simple spherical head model to monitor the brain tissue response and examine the uncertainties in FE brain tissue constitutive modelling. The brain tissue is constitutively modelled as hyperelastic, viscoelastic, and hyperviscoelastic type material. Intracranial pressures (ICP), strains, and shear stresses as the dynamic parameters are measured with time. These biomechanical parameters can be compared against the injury thresholds. Our analyses show that although the results for ICPs and strains are close for the three models, however, shear stresses are considerably different. The study will further provide new insight into selecting a proper constitutive model of the brain tissue under dynamic conditions.
A Single Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Flow Cytometry Approach to Reveal EV Heterogeneity

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) actively participate in intercellular communication and pathological processes. Studying the molecular signatures of EVs is key to reveal their biological functions and clinical values, which, however, is greatly hindered by their sub-100 nm dimensions, the low quantities of biomolecules each EV carries, and the large population heterogeneity. Now, single-EV flow cytometry analysis is introduced to realize single EV counting and phenotyping in a conventional flow cytometer for the first time, enabled by target-initiated engineering (TIE) of DNA nanostructures on each EV. By illuminating multiple markers on single EVs, statistically significant differences are revealed among the molecular signatures of EVs originating from several breast cancer cell lines, and the cancer cell-derived EVs among the heterogeneous EV populations are successfully recognized. Thus, our approach holds great potential for various biological and biomedical applications.
Confronting stereotypic biases: Does internal versus external motivational framing matter?:

We investigated whether confrontations of intergroup bias that had an external (e.g., emphasizing social norms) versus internal (e.g., emphasizing values) motivational framing differentially reduce...
Embracing artificial intelligence is the only way to avoid obsolescence

The doctor of the day has become obsolete many times before and will certainly do so again.1 A …
Associations between ovarian hormones and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle: Do ovulatory shifts in hormones matter?

Objective Elevated ovarian hormone levels are associated with increased risk for binge eating (BE) and emotional eating (EE) during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. However, past studies have not examined whether pronounced hormonal changes that precede the midluteal phase (i.e., the dramatic decrease in estradiol and increase in progesterone during/after ovulation) also influence midluteal increases in binge-related symptoms. Past theories and studies of phenotypes strongly related to BE (e.g., depression) suggest that these pronounced hormonal changes may also contribute. This study examined this possibility in 375 female twins (aged 15-25 years) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Methods Daily ratings of EE (assessed with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) and daily saliva samples of estradiol and progesterone were collected for 45 consecutive days. Results No significant associations were found between pronounced changes in estradiol or progesterone across ovulation and changes in EE scores in the midluteal phase. Results remained unchanged after controlling for body mass index and negative affect and examining participants with clinical BE episodes or more extreme hormonal fluctuations. Discussion In aggregate, the current findings and past data suggest that hormone levels are more significant predictors of EE than pronounced hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle.
Proteostasis and Beyond: ATF6 in Ischemic Disease

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a pathological hallmark of numerous ischemic diseases, including stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). In these diseases, ER stress leads to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and subsequent adaptation of cellular physiology in ways that dictate cellular fate following ischemia. Recent evidence highlights a protective role for the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) arm of the UPR in mitigating adverse outcomes associated with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in multiple disease models. This suggests ATF6 as a potential therapeutic target for intervening in diverse ischemia-related disorders. Here, we discuss the evidence demonstrating the importance of ATF6 signaling in protecting different tissues against ischemic damage and discuss preclinical results focused on defining the potential for pharmacologically targeting ATF6 to intervene in such diseases.
Reranking for Neural Semantic Parsing

Semantic parsing considers the task of transducing natural language (NL) utterances into machine executable meaning representations (MRs). While neural network-based semantic parsers have achieved impressive improvements over previous methods, results are still far from perfect, and cursory manual inspection can easily identify obvious problems such as lack of adequacy or coherence of the generated MRs. This paper presents a simple approach to quickly iterate and improve the performance of an existing neural semantic parser by reranking an n-best list of predicted MRs, using features that are designed to fix observed problems with baseline models. We implement our reranker in a competitive neural semantic parser and test on four semantic parsing (GEO, ATIS) and Python code generation (Django, CoNaLa) tasks, improving the strong baseline parser by up to 5.7% absolute in BLEU (CoNaLa) and 2.9% in accuracy (Django), outperforming the best published neural parser results on all four datasets.
Circuit Fabrication Methods for Millimeter-Wave Vacuum Electronics

We report on fabrication techniques for creating vacuum electron (VE) circuits from 30 GHz to 300 GHz. for devices up to 300 GHz, micro-CNC machining appears suitable.
Fine Sediment Removal Influences Biogeochemical Processes in a Gravel-bottomed Stream

The transport and processing of nutrients and organic matter in streams are important functions that influence the condition of watersheds and downstream ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the effects of streambed sediment removal on biogeochemical cycling in Fawn River, a gravel-bottomed river in Indiana, U.S.A. We measured stream metabolism as well as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) retention in both restored and unrestored reaches of Fawn River to examine how sediment removal affected multiple biogeochemical functions at the reach scale. We also assessed the properties of restored and unrestored streambed sediments to elucidate potential mechanisms driving observed reach-scale differences. We found that sediment removal led to lower rates of primary productivity and ecosystem respiration in the restored reach, likely due to macrophyte removal and potentially due to changes to sediment organic matter quality. We found minimal differences in N and P retention, suggesting that these processes are controlled at larger spatial or temporal scales than were examined in this study. Denitrification enzyme activity was lower in sediments from the restored reach compared to the unrestored reach, suggesting that restoration may have decreased N removal. Our results indicate that most near-term changes in biogeochemical function following restoration could be attributed to macrophyte removal, although effects from sediment removal may emerge over longer timescales.
Ocular Neural Heterotopia in a Moroccan Uromastyx (Uromastyx acanthinurus nigriventris)

Summary A juvenile female Moroccan uromastyx (Uromastyx acanthinurus nigriventris) that died unexpectedly was necropsied. Necropsy examination revealed minimal intracoelomic fat, small numbers of intestinal nematodes and intraocular masses within the vitreous chamber of both eyes. One of the intraocular masses was focally contiguous with the optic nerve and composed of neuroparenchyma with rare glial cells, consistent with a diagnosis of neural heterotopia. This condition is considered a neuroectodermal malformation, readily recognized in human medicine but rarely reported in animals. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of intraocular neural heterotopia reported in a reptile.
Experiences building a college video game design course

This paper details some trials and tribulations of the design and implementation of a video game design course that not only enables students to create video games but also to learn standard computer science skills. The decisions that led to the platform decision of the iPhone/iTouch are discussed along with the consequences of that choice. The project-based and dynamic curriculum that encompasses real-world problem solving is described. Initial successes and failures of this course and the lessons learned are addressed as well as the level of student excitement surrounding it.
The Effect of Postoperative Opioid Prescription Refills on Achieving Meaningful Clinical Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Purpose To determine whether requiring postoperative opioid refills has an effect on both baseline and postoperative functional scores, as well as rates of achieving clinical success 2 years after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Methods Data from consecutive patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed. Patients with at least 1 postoperative opioid refill were matched 1:2 by age and body mass index to patients not requiring refills. Preoperative and postoperative patient-reported outcomes including the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living Subscale, HOS–Sports Subscale, and modified Hip Harris Score, as well as visual analog scale (VAS) pain and satisfaction surveys, were compared between the 2 groups, as well as between patients who requested 1 refill versus those requiring 2 or more refills. The minimal clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) were calculated for the study group and compared between patient groups. Results A total of 128 patients (14.5%) requesting at least 1 postoperative opioid refill and 256 with no refills were included in the study. Analysis showed that the refill group had lower patient-reported outcomes (P .05 for all). Conclusions Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS who require 1 or more opioid refills postoperatively are likely to have lower baseline and postoperative functional scores, as well as to achieve the PASS at lower rates, compared with patients who do not require an additional opioid prescription to what is routinely given after surgery. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective case-control study.
Comparison of G W band structure to semiempirical approach for an FeSe monolayer

We present the ${G}_{0}{W}_{0}$ band structure, core levels, and deformation potential of monolayer FeSe in the paramagnetic phase based on a starting mean field of the Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) with the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof functional. We find the GW correction increases the bandwidth of the states forming the $M$ pocket near the Fermi energy, while leaving the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ pocket roughly unchanged. We then compare the ${G}_{0}{W}_{0}$ quasiparticle band energies with the band structure from a simple empirical $+\mathrm{A}$ approach, which was recently proposed to capture the renormalization of the electron-phonon interaction going beyond DFT in FeSe, when used as a starting point in density functional perturbation theory. We show that this empirical correction succeeds in approximating the GW nonlocal and dynamical self-energy in monolayer FeSe and reproduces the GW band structure near the Fermi surface, the core energy levels, and the deformation potential (electron-phonon coupling).
Rural Community Pharmacies’ Preparedness for and Responses to COVID-19

Abstract Background Few studies have documented rural community pharmacy disaster preparedness. Objectives To: (1) describe rural community pharmacies’ preparedness for and responses to COVID-19 and (2) examine whether responses vary by level of pharmacy rurality. Methods A convenience sample of rural community pharmacists completed an online survey (62% response rate) that assessed: (a) demographic characteristics; (b) COVID-19 information source use; (c) interest in COVID-19 testing; (d) infection control procedures; (e) disaster preparedness training, and (f) medication supply impacts. Descriptive statistics were calculated and differences by pharmacy rurality were explored. Results Pharmacists used the CDC (87%), state health departments (77%), and state pharmacy associations (71%) for COVID-19 information, with half receiving conflicting information. Most pharmacists (78%) were interested in offering COVID-19 testing but needed personal protective equipment and training to do so. Only 10% had received disaster preparedness training in the past five years. Although 73% had disaster preparedness plans, 27% were deemed inadequate for the pandemic. Nearly 70% experienced negative impacts in medication supply. There were few differences by rurality level. Conclusion Rural pharmacies may be better positioned to respond to pandemics if they had disaster preparedness training, updated disaster preparedness plans, and received regular policy guidance from professional bodies.
Single and Composite Hot Subdwarf Stars in the Light of 2MASS Photometry

Utilizing the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) All-Sky Data Release Catalog, we have retrieved useful near-IR J, H and K S magnitudes for more than 800 hot subdwarfs (sdO and sdB stars) drawn from the Catalogue of Spectroscopically Identified Hot Subdwarfs (Kilkenny, Heber, and Drilling, 1988, 1992). This sample size greatly exceeds previous studies of hot subdwarfs. We find that of the hot subdwarfs in Kilkenny et al., ∼40% in a magnitude-limited sample have colors that are consistent with the presence of an unresolved late-type (FGK) companion. Binary stars are over-represented in a magnitude-limited sample. In an approximately volume-limited sample the fraction of composite-color binaries is ∼25%.
Patient Satisfaction with Telehealth in Rural Settings: A Systematic Review

Telehealth provides health care services to clients through telecommunications. Rehabilitation services such as occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech-language therapy can be delivered via telehealth. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients’ reports of their satisfaction with telehealth compared to standard in-person therapy for patients living in rural areas. Four databases were utilized for this systematic review. The following words were searched: telehealth, rural, and patient satisfaction. Abstract searches identified 251 articles, and 55 were read in full text. Four articles met inclusion criteria. There was high satisfaction for patients in all studies regarding the use of telehealth. Findings showed that overall, telehealth supported increased rates of patient satisfaction for OT, PT, and SLP services delivered to rural communities.