cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formicine ants: An arthropod source for the pumiliotoxin alkaloids of dendrobatid poison frogs

A remarkable diversity of bioactive lipophilic alkaloids is present in the skin of poison frogs and toads worldwide. Originally discovered in neotropical dendrobatid frogs, these alkaloids are now known from mantellid frogs of Madagascar, certain myobatrachid frogs of Australia, and certain bufonid toads of South America. Presumably serving as a passive chemical defense, these alkaloids appear to be sequestered from a variety of alkaloid-containing arthropods. The pumiliotoxins represent a major, widespread, group of alkaloids that are found in virtually all anurans that are chemically defended by the presence of lipophilic alkaloids. Identifying an arthropod source for these alkaloids has been a considerable challenge for chemical ecologists. However, an extensive collection of neotropical forest arthropods has now revealed a putative arthropod source of the pumiliotoxins. Here we report on the presence of pumiliotoxins in formicine ants of the genera Brachymyrmex and Paratrechina, as well as the presence of these ants in the stomach contents of the microsympatric pumiliotoxin-containing dendrobatid frog, Dendrobates pumilio. These pumiliotoxins are major alkaloids in D. pumilio, and Brachymyrmex and Paratrechina ants now represent the only known dietary sources of these toxic alkaloids. These findings further support the significance of ant-specialization and alkaloid sequestration in the evolution of bright warning coloration in poison frogs and toads.
Grading of astrocytomas: A simple and reproducible method

This study determines the effectiveness and reproducibility of a previously published method of grading gliomas. The method under study is for use on "ordinary astrocytoma" cell types, i.e., fibrillary, protoplasmic, gemistocytic, anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas, and is based upon the recognition of the presence or absence of four morphologic criteria: nuclear atypia, mitoses, endothelial proliferation, and necrosis. The method results in a summary score which is translated into a grade as follows: 0 criteria = grade 1, 1 criterion = grade 2, 2 criteria = grade 3, 3 or 4 criteria = grade 4. The histologic material and clinical data were derived from a previously reported series of patients with astrocytomas, radiotherapeutically treated at Mayo Clinic between the years 1960 and 1969. From this series, initially graded 1 to 4, according to the Kernohan system, 287 "ordinary astrocytomas" were entered into the study; 51 pilocytic astrocytomas and microcystic cerebellar-type astrocytomas also were included for comparison. Among ordinary astrocytomas, the grading method under study distinguished 0.7% of grade 1, 17% of grade 2, 18% of grade 3, and 65.3% of grade 4. A 15-year period of follow-up was available on all surviving patients. Statistical analysis showed that in ordinary astrocytomas, each of the four histologic criteria, as well as the resultant grade, were strongly correlated to survival (P less than 0.0001). Median survival was 4 years in grade 2, 1.6 years in grade 3, and 0.7 years in grade 4 tumors. Of the two patients with grade 1 ordinary astrocytomas, 1 had 11 years of survival, and the other was alive at 15 years. Furthermore, based upon the Cox Model, grade was found to be the major prognostic factor, superceding the effects of age, sex, and location. Among ordinary astrocytomas, the grading system under consideration clearly distinguished four distinct grades of malignancy, whereas, the Kernohan grading system accurately distinguished only two major groups of patients. Survival curve of patients with our grade 2 tumors coincided with the grade 1 and 2 Kernohan survival curves. Similarly, our grade 4 survival curve coincided with the Kernohan grade 3 and 4 survival curves. As a result, our proposed grading method generated an individualized curve corresponding to grade 3 tumors. Double-blind grading between two independent observers was concordant in 94% of ordinary astrocytomas; reproducibility was 81% in low-grade (grades 1 and 2) and 96% in high-grade (grades 3 and 4) astrocytomas of ordinary type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Laser-scattering instrument for fundamental studies on a glow discharge

An instrument is described to perform laser-scattering fundamental studies on an analytical planar-cathode glow discharge. Electron properties such as electron number-density, electron temperature and the shape of the electron energy distribution function were successfully obtained via Thomson scattering. It is observed that several groups of electrons contribute to the Thomson scattering spectrum and the existence of a non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution was confirmed. The measured temperature for slow electrons is comparable to that found in previous studies performed with alternative methods. In addition, Rayleigh scattering was used to acquire argon gas-kinetic temperatures. The performance of the instrument as well as the significance of the results will be discussed.
Combining array processing and sparse sensing approaches to oceanography: Methods and applications

We propose a vision for combining well-known array processing techniques with recent developments in the compressive sensing community to address a broad range of signal processing problems related to oceanography. Our goal is to set up a general mathematical framework to address and solve sensor array problems that involve time-varying sparse processes. Specifically we propose a compressive sensor array system that potentially reduces the need for high intensity signals by exploiting the spatial redundancy of the sensor array and the sparsity of data in the volume of interest. Simulations are presented to illustrate the high performance of sparse reconstruction techniques that are key to proposed sensor array.
Long-term effects of unipolar depression on cognitions.

Abstract As part of an ongoing study of risk factors for unipolar depression in a high-risk group, we have evaluated cognitive variables documented to be abnormal during an episode of depression in adult first-degree relatives of unipolar depressed probands. Asymptomatic relatives with a history of unipolar depression were compared with relatives who had never been depressed. Despite an extended period of recovery (≈8 years), relatives with a history of unipolar depression had more negative moment-to-moment thinking, more dysfunctional attitudes, and were more likely to attribute failure to themselves than relatives with no depression. These findings support the hypothesis that unipolar depression is associated with long-term changes in selected cognitive functioning.
Time-to-contact and multiscale entropy identify differences in postural control in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Previous reports on changes in postural control in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) compared to healthy controls have been inconsistent. This may suggest center of pressure (COP) sway parameters are not sufficient for determining the ability to maintain quiet upright stance indicating more complex measures may be needed to examine postural control in AIS. The purpose of this investigation was to compare postural control between AIS of different severity levels and healthy controls using time-to-contact (TtC), the complexity index of multiscale entropy (C(r)), and COP sway parameters. Thirty-six AIS patients were classified as pre-bracing or pre-operative and compared to 10 healthy control subjects. Overall, the AIS patients showed significantly greater COP sway in mediolateral direction, but deficits with respect to the anteroposterior direction were only systematically identified with the time-to-contact and entropy measures. The multiscale entropy (C(r)) results indicate that those with AIS utilize a different control strategy from healthy controls in the mediolateral direction that is more constrained, less complex and less adaptable. AIS severity further reduced this adaptability in the anteroposterior direction. These results indicate it is necessary to examine both planes of motion when investigating postural control in AIS. Additionally, the application of the measures used to assess the nature of the postural control changes in AIS should also be considered.
Analysis of thermal behaviors of spin-torque-transfer RAM: a simulation study

We present an accurate model of the self-heating effect in the Spin-Torque-Transfer RAM (STTRAM) using finite-volume-methods and thermal RC based compact models. We couple device level thermal simulation to the self-heating phenomenon to show that self-heating during write operation can result in significant temperature increase in STTRAM which in turn adversely affect the read disturb, leakage energy and sensing accuracy.
Cycloheximide: Its Effects on Activity Are Dissociable from Its Effects on Memory

Cycloheximide, when injected subcutaneously or intracerebrally, produces changes in the activity level of mice. Isocycloheximide, injected intracerebrally, produces identical effects on activity, but it does not produce inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis or amnesia. Amphetamine, in doses that can antagonize the amnesic action of cycloheximide, does not antagonize the effect of cycloheximide on activity. Effects of cycloheximide on activity do not appear to be responsible for its amnesic action.
Coherence parameters for charge transfer in collisions of protons with helium calculated using a hybrid numerical approach

We propose a method to describe charge transfer in ion–atom collisions that hybridizes the lattice, time-dependent Schrodinger equation (LTDSE) approach with the atomic-orbital coupled-channel technique. This method takes advantage of the completeness of the treatment of the collision problem through the LTDSE approach within a relatively small space around the distance of closest approach during the collision. It then extends the solution into the asymptotic regime through the less computationally intensive continuation of the time evolution of the electronic states under consideration utilizing a small, external coupled-channels expansion. This method is employed to calculate coherence parameters of an electron captured into the n = 2 shell of hydrogen in H++He collisions to illustrate its effectiveness. The results show excellent agreement with experimental measurements and constitute improvements over various existing theoretical treatments.
The case for technology in developing regions

Alongside good governance, technology is considered among the greatest enablers for improved quality of life. However, the majority of its benefits have been concentrated in industrialized nations and therefore limited to a fraction of the world's population. We believe that technology has a large role to play in developing regions, that "First World" technology to date has been a poor fit in these areas, and that there is thus a need for technology research for developing regions. Despite the relative infancy of technology studies in developing regions, anecdotal evidence suggests that access to technology has a beneficial economic impact. Cellular telephony is probably the most visible application, but there are many others, some of which we cover in this article. The World Bank's infoDev site catalogs hundreds of information and communications technologies (ICT) projects, albeit not all successful. Most of these projects use existing off-the-shelf technology designed for the industrialized world. Although it is clear that there are large differences in assumptions related to cost, power, and usage, there has been little work on how technology needs in developing regions differ from those of industrialized nations. We argue that Western market forces continue to meet the needs of developing regions accidentally at best.
Utilizing hardware culture in a case of atypical keratitis.

This case report describes the diagnosis and management of a 22-year-old male soft contact lens wearer, who presented with an atypical corneal ulcer in the right eye. The patient presented with a one-day history of significant eye pain, photophobia, and multiple pseudodendritic lesions on the cornea with stromal infiltrate; the differential remained broad. The management was guided by the culture of hardware of the patient’s contact lenses, which grew aspergillus only in the affected contact. In cases where corneal culture is negative, multiple organisms have been isolated from the corneal culture, or in cases where there is no response to medical treatment, culture of hardware may be a useful methodology for isolating the offending microbe in infectious corneal ulcers.
Lessa: an array to solve a aet of linear equations

A dedicated linear array of simple processors is proposed to solve a set of linear equations. Data structure and algorithm also presented for the array to solve a set of n linear equations in O(n 2+ 3n) time on an array of n processors. The given algorithm is a parallelization of the Gaussian elimination algorithm. The data input to the array is purely sequential. The algorithm is optimal, within a constant, in its time and area requirements.
Early canid burial from the Western ozark highland.

A dog skeleton unearthed at Rodgers Shelter, Benton County, Missouri, came from a zone dating at approximately 5500 B.C. The animal, buried in a shallow pit beneath a tumulus of limestone rocks, is one of the earliest instances of canid interment to be recorded for North America.
Noninvasive In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Experimental Coronary Artery Lesions in a Porcine Model

Background—The ability to characterize and quantify coronary artery atherosclerotic lesions accurately, reproducibly, and noninvasively may allow the stratification of risk for future acute coronary syndromes and help direct therapeutic management. MRI has been shown to accurately characterize and quantify atherosclerosis; however, because of the combination of cardiac and respiratory motion artifacts, nonlinear course, and relatively small size of the coronary arteries, these techniques have not been able to be translated to the coronary system in vivo. Methods and Results—Coronary lesions were induced in Yorkshire albino swine (n=6) with balloon angioplasty, and 4 weeks later MRI of the coronary artery lesions was performed. High-resolution in vivo images of the coronary artery wall and lesions were obtained with a double-inversion-recovery fast-spin-echo sequence in a 1.5-T MR system. There was good agreement between measurements of vessel wall thickness and area from MR images of the coronary arteries...
Design techniques for cross-layer resilience

Current electronic systems implement reliability using only a few layers of the system stack, which simplifies the design of other layers but is becoming increasingly expensive over time. In contrast, cross-layer resilient systems, which distribute the responsibility for tolerating errors, device variation, and aging across the system stack, have the potential to provide the resilience required to implement reliable, high-performance, low-power systems in future fabrication processes at significantly lower cost. These systems can implement less-frequent resilience tasks in software to save power and chip area, can tune their reliability guarantees to the needs of applications, and can use the information available at each level in the system stack to optimize performance and power consumption. In this paper, we outline an approach to cross-layer system design that describes resilience as a set of tasks that systems must perform in order to detect and tolerate errors and variation. We then present strawman examples of how this task-based design process could be used to implement general-purpose computing and SoC systems, drawing on previous work and identifying key areas for future research.
With Mother/With Child: A True Story

This story describes an evening of interaction with the author’s aging mother as the author assists her in her nightly routine of preparing for bed. The surrounding frame describes the author’s reading of this intimate story to her mother. The author comments on the tension between independence and dependence that occurs as she tries to help her mother without taking away control, and her mother seeks to be helped without relinquishing control. The author reveals her hesitancy and fear in reading this story to her mother. This hesitancy leads into the last frame, which probes the general methodological issue of the ethics of writing about intimate others. Taking into account her mother’s perspective and those of her academic audience, the author discusses how she resolved the ethical issue of how much to tell to and about her mother by living through this experience with her, writing about their relationship, and examining her own feelings in the context of the story.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Differentially Regulates Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal Cultures

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been postulated to be a key signaling molecule in regulating synaptic strength and overall circuit activity. In this context, we have found that BDNF dramatically increases the frequency of spontaneously initiated action potentials in hippocampal neurons in dissociated culture. Using analysis of unitary synaptic transmission and immunocytochemical methods, we determined that chronic treatment with BDNF potentiates both excitatory and inhibitory transmission, but that it does so via different mechanisms. BDNF strengthens excitation primarily by augmenting the amplitude of AMPA receptor-mediated miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) but enhances inhibition by increasing the frequency of mIPSC and increasing the size of GABAergic synaptic terminals. In contrast to observations in other systems, BDNF-mediated increases in AMPA-receptor mediated mEPSC amplitudes did not require activity, because blocking action potentials with tetrodotoxin for the entire duration of BDNF treatment had no effect on the magnitude of this enhancement. These forms of synaptic regulations appear to be a selective action of BDNF because intrinsic excitability, synapse number, and neuronal survival are not affected in these cultures. Thus, although BDNF induces a net increase in overall circuit activity, this results from potentiation of both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic drive through distinct and selective physiological mechanisms.
The Intergenerational Consequences of Mass Incarceration: Implications for Children's Co-Residence and Contact with Grandparents

In response to the rapid growth in mass incarceration, a burgeoning literature documents the mostly deleterious consequences of incarceration for individuals and families. But mass incarceration, which has profoundly altered the American kinship system, may also have implications for relationships that span across generations. In this paper, I use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal data source uniquely situated to understand the collateral consequences of incarceration for families, to examine how paternal incarceration has altered two important aspects of intergenerational relationships: children’s co-residence and contact with grandparents. Results show that the association between paternal incarceration and grandparent co-residence results from social selection forces, but that paternal incarceration—especially incarceration lasting three months or longer and incarceration for violent offenses—is associated with less contact with paternal (though not maternal) grandparents. More than one-quarter of this negative relationship is explained by separation between parents that often occurs after paternal incarceration, highlighting the potentially “kinkeeping” role of mothers and the role of fathers in structuring children’s relationships with grandparents. Additionally, these negative consequences are strongest among children living with both parents prior to paternal incarceration and among children of previously incarcerated fathers. Taken together, the results provide some of the first evidence that the collateral consequences of incarceration may extend to intergenerational relationships.
New Drug Review: Clobazam (Onfi®) - A "new" anticonvulsant option

Clobazam was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October of 2011. This article reviews clinically significant aspects of this new drug including: the FDA-approved indications, mechanism of action, administration, drug interactions, adverse effects, clinical trial evidence, innovative properties and place in therapy.
Do Predators Influence the Distribution of Age-0 Kokanee in a Colorado Reservoir?

Abstract Seasonal changes in reservoir conditions such as productivity, light, and temperature create spatiotemporal variation in habitat that may segregate or aggregate predators and prey, producing implications for the distribution, growth, and survival of fishes. We used hydroacoustics to document the diel vertical distribution of age-0 kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka relative to environmental gradients at Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado, during May–August of 2002. Temperature, light, and zooplankton density profiles were examined relative to foraging conditions for kokanee and their primary predator, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Age-0 kokanee displayed large diel vertical migrations in May despite the lack of an energetic advantage before reservoir stratification. Age-0 kokanee minimized near-surface foraging at this time, perhaps to avoid predation by visual predators, such as lake trout, in the well-lit surface waters. Strong reservoir stratification in midsummer appeared to provide a thermal refuge fr...
“A Definition at Last, But What Does it All Mean?” Newspaper Coverage of Organic Food Production and its Effects on Milk Purchases

This paper estimates the effects of media coverage of organic food production on food purchases. Information from several data sources links national and local newspaper coverage to fluid milk purchases. An analysis of weekly store-level scanner data in a differences-in-differences approach results in a 5% increase in organic milk sales relative to conventional milk sales. Increases in intensity of news coverage increase this relative difference in sales. Differentiating effects by media context further suggests that product category specific coverage increases sales more than general coverage. Critical coverage does not result in significant effects on organic milk sales.
Life expectancy for children with cerebral palsy and mental retardation: implications for life care planning.

Objectives: Physicians may be asked by attorneys or other patient advocates to help plan for the long-term needs of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and developmental disability (DD). The first step in such planning is to thoroughly examine the literature dealing with life expectancy in these populations. This review paper comprehensively reviews the literature relating to survival in children with cerebral palsy and developmental disability. Study Selection: A Medline data search was completed using the terms cerebral palsy, life expectancy, survival, as well as other pertinent terms. Further articles were gleaned from bibliographies of pertinent literature. Data Synthesis: Certain key disabilities can be used to accurately predict life expectancy in children with cerebral palsy and mental retardation. These include: (1) presence and severity of mental retardation, (2) inability to speak intelligible words, (3) inability to recognize voices, (4) inability to interact with peers, (4) severity of physical disability, (5) use of tube feeding, (6) incontinence, and (7) presence and severity of seizures. Conclusions: Literature review definitively shows that children with CP and DD have a diminished life expectancy, which can be assessed based on simple clinical examination findings.
Reverse channel augmented multihop lightwave networks

The idea of providing reverse channels with minimal hardware costs in Shuffle-nets to reduce the network diameter improve mean delay, and provide other advantages is discussed. The reverse channel idea can be applied to any multistage network with wrapped around connections. The advantages of reverse channels are demonstrated by providing a simple reverse connection between adjacent stages of the Shuffle-net. It is shown how a time- and wavelength-division-multiplexed media access protocol for the Shuffle-net can be easily adapted for the reverse channel augmented Shuffle-net (RC-Shuffle-net). The performance of the RC-Shuffle-net and its advantages over the Shuffle-net are shown. >
Distributions of Relaxation Times and Their Diagrams

A comparison is made between several distribution functions of dielectric relaxation times, their corresponding frequency-dependent permittivities, and the resulting Argand diagrams. For each family of distributions, the shape of the Argand diagram changes only slowly with the parameters in the distribution. In most cases, rigorous procedures are necessary before a distribution function can be uniquely determined from experimental data.
Application of a novel modeling method to the nonstationary properties of potentiation in the rabbit hippocampus.

This paper presents the first application of a novel methodology for nonstationary nonlinear modeling to neurobiological data consisting of extracellular population field potentials recorded from the dendritic layer of the dentate gyrus of the rabbit hippocampus under conditions of stimulus-induced potentiation. The experimental stimulus was a Poisson random sequence with a mean rate of 5 impulses/s applied to the perforant path, which was sufficient to induce a progressive potentiation of perforant path-evoked granule cell response. The modeling method utilizes a novel artificial neural network architecture, which is based on the general time-varying Volterra model. The artificial neural network is composed of parallel subnets of three-layer perceptrons with polynomial activation functions, with the output of each subnet modulated by an appropriate time function that models the system nonstationarities and gives the summative output its time-varying characteristics. For the specific application presented herein these time functions are sigmoidal functions with trainable slopes and inflection points. A possible mapping between the nonstationary components of the model and the mechanisms underlying potentiation changes in the hippocampus is discussed. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society.
USE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNTS IN DOGS

A prospective study was conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of portosystemic shunts (PSS) and the accuracy of anatomically locating single congenital PSS in dogs using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). MRA was performed on 10 normal dogs and 23 dogs with PSS. Sensitivity and specificity of MRA to diagnose any shunt among all dogs were 80% and 100%, respectively. Among dogs identified with PSS, sensitivity and specificity of MRA for diagnosis of multiple extrahepatic shunts were 63% and 97%, respectively, and for diagnosis of single congenital shunts were 79% and 100%, respectively. Using MRA, radiologists correctly identified shunts as extrahepatic or intrahepatic in 83% of patients and correctly identified the origin and insertion of the shunts in 57% and 97% of patients, respectively. Use of MRA is specific for diagnosis of PSS and is a sensitive indicator of anatomic location of single congenital portosystemic shunts.
Utility of AICAr for metabolic studies is diminished by systemic effects in situ

It has been reported that intraperitoneal infusion of 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAr) inhibits the purine nucleotide cycle, resulting in rapid fatigue of isometric twitch force during stimulation of rat muscle. In this study, peak isometric twitch force was recorded from gastrocnemius muscles of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats stimulated in situ at 0.75 Hz after intraperitoneal infusion of 9ml/100 g body wt of 250 mM AICAr or isotonic saline. Excluding the two AICAr-infused rats that died during infusion or stimulation, there was no difference in twitch force between groups, although mean arterial pressure in the AICAr group declined to values 20 Torr below those of the control group during drug infusion. High-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of extracts verified the presence of AICAr and AICA ribotide (AICAR) in muscles of experimental animals. In a second study in which rats were mounted head down in an NMR spectrometer, AICAr infusion resulted in decreased mean arterial pressure and impairment of phosphocreatine recovery after stimulation but no significant difference in twitch force during stimulation. These results demonstrate that AICAr infusion has systemic effects and that the previously reported decline in muscle force with AICAr infusion may not be attributable to purine nucleotide cycle inhibition.
Follow-Up Renal Assessment of Injury Long-Term After Acute Kidney Injury (FRAIL-AKI).

Background and objectives Novel urinary kidney damage biomarkers detect AKI after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB-AKI). Although there is growing focus on whether AKI leads to CKD, no studies have assessed whether novel urinary biomarkers remain elevated long term after CPB-AKI. We assessed whether there was clinical or biomarker evidence of long-term kidney injury in patients with CPB-AKI. Design, setting, participants, & measurements We performed a cross-sectional evaluation for signs of chronic kidney injury using both traditional measures and novel urinary biomarkers in a population of 372 potentially eligible children (119 AKI positive and 253 AKI negative) who underwent surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital heart disease at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center between 2004 and 2007. A total of 51 patients (33 AKI positive and 18 AKI negative) agreed to long-term assessment. We also compared the urinary biomarker levels in these 51 patients with those in healthy controls of similar age. Results At long-term follow-up (mean duration±SD, 7±0.98 years), AKI-positive and AKI-negative patients had similarly normal assessments of kidney function by eGFR, proteinuria, and BP measurement. However, AKI-positive patients had higher urine concentrations of IL-18 (48.5 pg/ml versus 20.3 pg/ml [P=0.01] and 20.5 pg/ml [P Conclusions Novel urinary biomarkers remain elevated 7 years after an episode of CPB-AKI in children. However, there is no conventional evidence of CKD in these children. These biomarkers may be a more sensitive marker of chronic kidney injury after CPB-AKI. Future studies are needed to understand the clinical relevance of persistent elevations in IL-18, kidney injury molecule-1, and L-FABP in assessments for potential long-term kidney consequences of CPB-AKI.
Streaming solutions for fine-grained network traffic measurements and analysis

Online network traffic measurements and analysis is critical for detecting and preventing any real-time anomalies in the network. We propose, implement, and evaluate an online, adaptive measurement platform, which utilizes real-time traffic analysis results to refine subsequent traffic measurements. Central to our solution is the concept of Multi-Resolution Tiling (MRT), a heuristic approach that performs sequential analysis of traffic data to zoom into traffic subregions of interest. However, MRT is sensitive to transient traffic spikes. In this paper, we propose three novel traffic streaming algorithms that overcome the limitations of MRT and can cater to varying degrees of computational and storage budgets, detection latency, and accuracy of query response. We evaluate our streaming algorithms on a highly parallel and programmable hardware as well as a traditional software-based platforms. The algorithms demonstrate significant accuracy improvement over MRT in detecting anomalies consisting of synthetic hard-to-track elephant flows and global icebergs. Our proposed algorithms maintain the worst-case complexities of the MRT while incurring only a moderate increase in average resource utilization.
Chronolibido and the problem of reading in Dying for Time

In his new book Dying For Time: Proust, Woolf, Nabokov, Martin Hagglund develops the notion of chronolibido, a new theory of desire that posits the constitutive difference of desire as testifying to temporal finitude and mortality as the object of desire. Rather than answering to the logic of lack, chronolibido offers a new model for reading literary and psychoanalytic texts as staging the drama of desire and temporal finitude. This essay takes up the problem of reading through an analysis of Hagglund's treatment of trauma in Dying for Time and argues that his notion of chronolibido becomes a literary trope for the philosophical concept of time as succession. In so arguing, I also aim to illuminate how Hagglund's deployment of the trope of desire in literary and psychoanalytic texts fosters a textual itinerary that problematically produces all such texts as the analogue of time as linear temporal succession while eliding the autonomy and agency of the signifying unconscious.
Lecture 2: Surface Ocean CO2

Close to the sea surface, the waters of the ocean are mixed by wave action so that their temperature and chemical properties are almost uniform vertically. Within this mixed layer, which varies in depth from a few meters to several hundred meters, a single measurement of a chemical property is likely to represent that property throughout the layer. Because the water below is colder or saltier and therefore denser, the layer is stable enough to persist for weeks, months, or even years.
The Enlightenment and Modern Culture

The Enlightenment represents the paradigmatic exemplar of cultural or spiritual revolution within Western civilization. It is especially an axiomatic (by definition) intellectual and rationalistic, including scientific, revolution, a revolutionary vision and process of enlightening, rationalizing, and liberating via human reason, science, knowledge, and societal progress overcoming unreason, superstition, ignorance, stagnation, and oppression. In this sense, it constitutes what has been referred to as a universalized or generalized “Copernican revolution” in Western culture (Schumpeter 1954). In short, the Enlightenment is the epitome and primary source of what Weber calls modern Western cultural rationalism or the process of rationalization in culture and society overall.
Bis-GMA affects craniofacial development in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio)

Estrogen is a steroid hormone that is vital in vertebrate development and plays a role in a variety of developmental processes including cartilage and craniofacial formation. The effects of estrogen can be mimicked by other compounds found in the environment known as xenoestrogens. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a known xenoestrogen and is combined with glycidyl methacrylate to make Bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), a major component in dental resin based composites (RBCs). Bis-GMA based RBCs can release their components into the saliva and bloodstream. Exposure to 1μM and 10μM Bis-GMA in Danio rerio embryos results in increased mortality of approximately 30% and 45% respectively. Changes to gross morphology, specifically craniofacial abnormalities, were seen at concentrations as low as 10nM. While the molecular pathways of Bis-GMA effects have not been studied extensively, more is known about one of the components, BPA. Further research of Bis-GMA could lead to a better understanding of xenoestrogenic activity resulting in improved public and environmental health.
Tryptophane Transport in Cultures of Human Fibroblasts.

SummaryA method is described which permits kinetic studies of amino acid transport in cultures of human fibroblasts. Approximately linear kinetics of uptake were found to obtain during the first 8 minutes of incubation in medium containing puromycin and L-tryptophane H3, in the absence of other amino acids (“non-competitive medium”). Specific activities of monolayers pulsed in such media were more than 10 times those which were obtained in the presence of competing amino acids. The rate of uptake (in non-competitive medium) for one strain was almost double the mean rate obtained for 4 other presumably normal diploid strains, suggesting that the method might be useful as a marker for in vitro somatic cell genetic studies. The potential usefulness of the method for investigations of cystinuria and Hartnup Disease are discussed.
Attitudes of Students at a US Medical School Toward Mental Illness and Its Causes

Stigma among health care providers toward people with mental illness is a worldwide problem. This study at a large US university examined medical student attitudes toward mental illness and its causes, and whether student attitudes change as they progress in their education. An electronic questionnaire focusing on attitudes toward people with mental illness, causes of mental illness, and treatment efficacy was used to survey medical students at all levels of training. Exploratory factor analysis was used to establish attitudinal factors, and analysis of variance was used to identify differences in student attitudes among these factors. Independent-samples t tests were used to assess attitudes toward efficacy of treatments for six common psychiatric and medical conditions. The study response rate was 42.6 % (n = 289). Exploratory factor analysis identified three factors reflecting social acceptance of mental illness, belief in supernatural causes, and belief in biopsychosocial causes. Stages of student education did not differ across these factors. Students who had completed the psychiatry clerkship were more likely to believe that anxiety disorders and diabetes could be treated effectively. Students reporting personal experiences with mental illness showed significantly more social acceptance, and people born outside the USA were more likely to endorse supernatural causes of mental illness. Sociocultural influences and personal experience with mental illness have a greater effect than medical education on attitudes toward people with mental illness. Psychiatric education appears to have a small but significant effect on student attitudes regarding treatment efficacy.
Dual Genetic Selection of Synthetic Riboswitches in Escherichia coli

This chapter describes a genetic selection strategy to engineer synthetic riboswitches that can chemically regulate gene expression in Escherichia coli. Riboswitch libraries are constructed by randomizing the nucleotides that potentially comprise an expression platform and fused to the hybrid selection/screening marker tetA-gfpuv. Iterative ON and OFF selections are performed under appropriate conditions that favor the survival or the growth of the cells harboring the desired riboswitches. After the selection, rapid screening of individual riboswitch clones is performed by measuring GFPuv fluorescence without subcloning. This optimized dual genetic selection strategy can be used to rapidly develop synthetic riboswitches without detailed computational design or structural knowledge.
V&V Of CFD Modeling Of The Argonne Bubble Experiment: FY15 Summary Report

In support of the development of accelerator-driven production of the fission product Mo 99, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of an electron-beam irradiated, experimental-scale bubble chamber have been conducted in order to aid in interpretation of existing experimental results, provide additional insights into the physical phenomena, and develop predictive thermal hydraulic capabilities that can be applied to full-scale target solution vessels. Toward that end, a custom hybrid Eulerian-Eulerian-Lagrangian multiphase solver was developed, and simulations have been performed on high-resolution meshes. Good agreement between experiments and simulations has been achieved, especially with respect to the prediction of the maximum temperature of the uranyl sulfate solution in the experimental vessel. These positive results suggest that the simulation methodology that has been developed will prove to be suitable to assist in the development of full-scale production hardware.
Safety and Efficacy of Uncemented Acetabular Component: 5–9 Year Follow-up

Introduction Total hip arthroplasty (THR) is one of the most successful procedures performed today. Uncemented acetabular components have by and large replaced cemented cups. As such, optimal fixation, bony ingrowth with longevity, and safety is highly demanded. In this study, we look at the safety and efficacy of the Stryker® Trident PSL™ acetabular component based on radiographic and clinical analysis. Materials and Methods We looked at 860 consecutive patients between 2003 and 2007. Of these, 231 consecutive patients had a minimum 5 year follow up. All cases were for degenerative joint disease (DJD), except 2 for dysplasia, 1 for avascular necrosis (AVN), 1 femoral neck nonunion. Average Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) hip scores at final follow up were recorded. Radiographic analysis included classification based on Delee and Charnley9s zones 1–3. Osseointegration was assessed based on presence of SIRCAB (stress induced reactive cortical hypertrophy of bone), demarcation around the implant, stress shielding, presence of radial trabeculae, absence of radiolucency, type of bearing, presence of preoperative protrusion, violation of Kohler9s line. EBRA software was used to assess acetabular inclination and version. Results Of 231 hip replacements analyzed, 114 were male, 117 were female. The average age was 63 (range 33–87); height was 67.5 inches; BMI was 27; 3 patients had a preoperative diagnosis of DDH, 2 had AVN, 1 femoral neck nonunion, and 1 case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the remainder of patients diagnosed with DJD. cup abduction angle was 41.7° with average of 17.4° of anteversion. Average HSS functional score was excellent at latest follow up was 34, with most patients not relying on any assistive devices; There were no revisions performed due to mechanical failures or due to failure to osseointegrate. Complications include 1 infection (0.43%); and 4 dislocations (1.73%). Osseointegration was measured by separating the acetabulum into DeLee and Charnley zones and assessed by analyzing: a)stress induced hypertrophic reaction of cortical bone (SIHRCaB): zone 1 (75.8%), zone 2 (11.7%), zone 3 (51.9%) b)Radial trabeculae: zone 1 (94.8%), zone 2 (93.5%), zone 3 (92.6%) c)Absence of radiolucency: zone 1 (96.1%), zone 2 (97%), zone 3 (96.1%) No association of bearing surfaces to survivorship was noted as metal femoral heads were used in 72.7% of cases while a ceramic bearing was used in 25.1%. Conclusion The Trident PSL acetabular component was examined in a large, consecutive series by a single surgeon with a minimum 5–9 year follow up. We have demonstrated excellent radiographic osseointegration at latest follow up with no mechanical failures, high survivorship, and excellent clinical outcome scores. It continues to be a reliable option for primary acetabular reconstruction.
Analyzing Failure: A Cornerstone for Growth, Innovation, and Change

The topic of failure primarily carries a negative perception as it is the result of an unexpected outcome that may carry negative implications on performance or hopeful achievement. However, recent literature suggests that failure can be a catalyst to spark organizational learning, ideation, and innovation. The following paper discusses strategies for the analysis of failure to facilitate learning and propose a model to best examine failure in an effective and timely manner.
How to work with Hungarian scientists – and why

Since I wouldn't want to embarrass you, I will not ask what you know about Hungary, or if you can pinpoint it on a map. Instead, let me help you out. If you are a physicist or a mathematician, you might be interested to know that Hungary is the place where Dennis Gabor (inventor of the hologram) was born; as were Emo Rubik (creator of the Rubik cube), Leo Szilard (who first conceived the idea of a nuclear chain reaction), Edward Teller ("father" of the H-bomb), John von Neumann (creator of the modem electronic computer) and Eugene Wigner, the Nobel prize-winning nuclear physicist who died last month (see p62). And yes, it is that smallish country located at the very centre of Europe.
Ethical considerations on quadratic voting

This paper explores ethical issues raised by quadratic voting. We compare quadratic voting to majority voting from two ethical perspectives: the perspective of utilitarianism and that of democratic theory. From a utilitarian standpoint, the comparison is ambiguous: if voter preferences are independent of wealth, then quadratic voting outperforms majority voting, but if voter preferences are polarized by wealth, then majority voting may be superior. From the standpoint of democratic theory, we argue that assessments in terms of efficiency are too narrow. Voting institutions and political institutions more generally face a legitimacy requirement. We argue that in the presence of inequalities of wealth, any vote buying mechanism, including quadratic voting, will have a difficult time meeting this requirement.
Melanoma-specific MHC-II expression to predict response to α-PD-1 therapy.

9041 Background: αPD-1 therapy yields objective clinical responses in 30-40% of advanced melanoma (MEL) patients (pts). While promising, many pts do not benefit clinically. Predictive biomarkers to...
Rethinking Dithiothreitol-Based Particulate Matter Oxidative Potential: Measuring Dithiothreitol Consumption versus Reactive Oxygen Species Generation.

We measured the rate of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] catalyzed by ambient particulate matter (PM) in the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. To understand the mechanism of ROS generation, we tested several redox-active substances, such as 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ), 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (5H-1,4NQ), 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ), copper(II), manganese(II), and iron (II and III). Both pure compounds and their mixtures show different patterns in DTT oxidation versus ROS generation. The quinones, known to oxidize DTT in the efficiency order of PQ > 5H-1,4NQ > 1,2-NQ > 1,4-NQ, show a different efficiency order (5H-1,4NQ > 1,2-NQ ≈ PQ > 1,4-NQ) in the ROS generation. Cu(II), a dominant metal in DTT oxidation, contributes almost negligibly to the ROS generation. Fe is mostly inactive in DTT oxidation, but shows synergistic effect in •OH formation in the presence of other quinones (mixture/sum > 1.5). Ten ambient P...
Geographies of Discretion and the Jurisdictional Imagination

The modernist ideal of liberal constitutionalism affords jurisdiction a special place as the organizing principle behind the distribution of official state power. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to the intricate spatial infrastructures that give jurisdiction its form. In this article, I argue that the complex architectures that undergird various jurisdictional registers combine to segment material and virtual landscapes into historically specific, multilayered geographies of discretion, dictating where, when, and to whom various institutions are permitted to speak the law. Looking to politicized litigation and advocacy over the rights of Haitian asylum seekers in the United States, I demonstrate how battles over jurisdictional cartographies can both instantiate and remake the spatiality of nation-states and the cosmologies of liberal sovereignty on which they rest.