cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orientation and adaptation case studies toward chaotic systems in an economic downturn

The basic concepts of complexity/chaos theories allows an organisation to focus on the ability of people to self-organise to handle problems and changes in the organisation; if control is relinquished and autonomy is spread to all employees. The goal of this paper is to inspect how different organisations are reacting to the recent economic crisis perhaps, while looking at their decisions through a chaotic/complexity theoretical viewpoint. The companies chosen represent a relative wide range of service organisations in the Pittsburgh, PA metropolitan area that allow for contrasting comparisons, from a large global power management company, Eaton Corporation, a large sporting goods company, Dick’s Sporting Goods, and a small independent grocery store chain, McGinnis Sisters Specialty Food Stores. To understand the basis for the present case study, a description what constitutes chaos theory in relationship to the companies studied, or what being on the edge of chaos means, and provide an overview of their ...
Hospital readmissions after colectomy: a population-based study.

Background Surgical readmissions will be targeted for reimbursement cuts in the near future. We sought to understand differences between hospitals with high and low readmission rates in a statewide surgical collaborative to identify potential quality improvement targets. Study Design We studied 5,181 patients undergoing laparoscopic or open colectomy at 24 hospitals participating in the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative between May 2007 and January 2011. We first calculated hospital risk-adjusted 30-day readmission rates. We then compared reasons for readmission, risk-adjusted complication rates, risk-adjusted inpatient length of stay, and composite process compliance across readmission rate quartiles. Results Hospitals with the lowest 30-day readmission rates averaged 5.1%, compared with 10.3% in hospitals with the highest rates (p Conclusions There is wide variation in hospital readmission rates after colectomy that correlates with overall complication rates. However, the wide variation in complication rates among hospitals with similar readmission rates suggests that hospital complication rates explain little about their readmission rates. Preventing readmissions after colectomy in hospitals with high readmission rates will require more attention to different care processes currently unmeasured in many clinical registries as well as complication prevention.
Inhibition of estrogen-activated sexual behavior by androgens.

Abstract Experiments to determine the potential of androgen to inhibit estrogen-activated female sexual behavior in rats were conducted. Treatment with either testosterone propionate (0.8 or 1.6 mg/day) or dihydrotestosterone propionate (0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/day) significantly reduced the incidence of lordosis in ovariectomized females receiving estradiol benzoate (1 μg/day). A similar suppression of estrogen-activated lordosis by testosterone was observed in castrated male rats. Flutamide, an androgen-receptor blocker, prevented the inhibition of lordosis by testosterone in females, indicating that the interaction of testosterone or a metabolite with an androgen receptor may be an important feature of this inhibition. Furthermore, the ability of dihydrotestosterone to inhibit lordosis at lower doses than testosterone suggests that the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone may also be necessary. These experiments demonstrate the potential of testosterone to inhibit the occurrence of female sexual behavior in rats, in contrast to its established facilitative effect on this behavior.
Effect of ACTH on Enzymatic Defect Produced in Vivo by a Competitive Inhibitor of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

The role of the pituitary-adrenalR axis in correcting the defect in the level of activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and of Δ5–4,3-ketosteroid isomerase produced by 17β-hydroxy- 4,4,17α-trimethylandrost-5-ene-[2,3d]-14C- 2-isoxazole has been investigated by determining the effects of large doses of ACTH and multiple doses of inhibitor on the level of this enzyme system in control and inhibitor-treated rats. In normal animals, ACTH produces a significant rise in total activity of the dehydrogenase, and, in inhibited animals, a rise in uptake of 14C by the adrenal and in the specific and total activity of the adrenal dehydrogenase system. Multiple doses of inhibitor produce a significant rise in the uptake of 14C by the adrenal (and ovary), suggesting an increased formation of enzyme-inhibitor complex, but do not affect the level of specific or total activity of the uninhibited dehydrogenase system. These levels remain at 30–50% of control. ACTH alone or in combination with inhibitor produces a fall...
Current-voltage characteristic of double normal tunnel junctions.

The current-voltage characteristic of two tunnel junctions in series is evaluated under the conditions of the Coulomb blockade. With use of the quasiclassical description suggested by Mullen et al. a transport equation for this system is written down and solved, which allows us to give an analytical expression for the Coulomb staircase. The tunnel current below the Coulomb threshold is evaluated to the second order of the perturbation theory.
Angular distribution of fast photoneutrons

Abstract The angular distributions of photoneutrons with energies greater than the Si28(n, p)Al28 threshold have been determined for bismuth, holmium, gold, lanthanum, praseodymium and yttrium irradiated with 55 MeV bremsstrahlung. The distributions are all peaked in the forward direction and the angular distributions have been fitted to W(θ) = Σ i=0 4 a i cos i θ , using a least squares analysis.
Multiplet effects in high resolution Ne Kσ structure

Abstract The effects of multiplet splitting upon high resolution Ne K X-ray spectra from ion-atom collisions are discussed. The size of these splittings is compared with the size of the splitting due to the different ionic states of the atom.
The effect of particle concentration inhomogeneities on the steady flow of electro- and magneto-rheological materials

Abstract The yield stresses of electro-rheological (ER) and magneto-rheological (MR) suspensions increase by orders of magnitude when electric or magnetic fields are applied across them. In the absence of the field, the materials are essentially Newtonian fluids. When ER or MR materials flow through thin laminar ducts, the effect of the finite yield stress concentrates the material deformation gradients in the immediate vicinity of the duct walls. High shear rates in this region introduce drag and lift forces on the suspended particles, the net effect of which moves the particles away from the walls. Electro- or magneto-static image forces at the walls oppose this lift. The ensuing local changes in the particulate volume fraction gives rise to a local inhomogeneity in material properties adjacent to the walls. Four models for the material property inhomogeneities are presented in this paper. Three of these models admit analytical expressions for the relationship between pressure gradient and volumetric flow rate, but presume a piecewise constant particle concentration. The fourth model presumes a smooth relationship between the volume fraction and the shear rate, but requires a numerical solution. Results are presented in terms of the ratio of pressure gradients that can be produced by applying and removing the field. Experimental data collected for a variety of quasi-steady ER flows shows that the analytical solution corresponding to a flow of uniform particle concentration provides an upper bound to the pressure gradients. Each of the four models for inhomogeneous flow provides a lower bound over a sub-domain of the flow conditions. By combining these models heuristically, a single expression for the lower bound on the pressure gradients of ER and MR flows is presented.
Protoplast induction from sporophyte tissues of the heterosporous fern Azolla

We have developed a method for producing protoplasts from the heterosporous water fern Azolla using a combination of Cellulysin (4.0%) and Pectolyase (0.025%) in 0.6 M mannitol containing 6 mM CaCl2 2H2O. These protoplasts regenerate new cell walls within 48 hours when cultured on modified Gamborg B-5 medium.
Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization in DNA Biosensing

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization is employed here to allow detector-free visualization of specific DNA sequences for which dynamic polymer growth is used in signal amplification. In particular, surface-initiated polymer growth was regulated by the immobilization of chain transfer agents on the Au surface where DNA hybridization occurred. A linear polymer growth was observed as a function of the reaction time, characteristic of "living" polymer reactions. Significant improvement in assay sensitivity was realized in comparison to the previously reported polymerization-based sensing method by enhancing polymer growth rate and reducing background noises caused by nonspecific adsorption. Direct visualization of fewer than 2,000 copies of a short oligonucleotide sequence was demonstrated in a detector-free fashion.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Bioengineered Flagella Protein Nanotubes

Flagella nanotubes present on the surface of E. coli bacteria were bioengineered to display arginine–lysine and glutamic acid–aspartic acid peptide loops. These protein bionanotubes were demonstrated to self-assemble, layer-by-layer, by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on gold-coated mica and quartz surfaces. Flagella with arginine–lysine loops were assembled in a bottom-up manner on a gold-coated mica surface by employing the molecular complementarity of the biotin–streptavidin interaction. Self-assembled monolayers of alkylamines on the gold surface were derivatized with biotin, followed by binding of streptavidin to the biotinylated surface. The amine groups of the flagella peptide loops were chemically attached to biotin through a polyethyleneoxide spacer and paired with streptavidin on the gold surface. This process could be repeated to generate multiple layers of flagella. Flagella with glutamic acid–aspartic acid peptide loops were self-assembled on quartz surfaces by electrostatic attraction to proto...
Earnings and education in Argentina: an analysis of the 1985 Buenos Aires Household Survey

Abstract For some reason, Argentina has been absent from the rich literature on the relationship between earnings and education. The paper repairs this by using the 1985 Buenos Aires Household Survey containing 4500 employed individuals. Two types of analyses are performed: first, earnings differences are “explained” by a set of individual human capital characteristics. Second, returns to investment in education are estimated for different levels and types of schooling. The results obtained for Argentina are compared to those in other countries and are interpreted in terms of priority educational investments geared towards efficiency and social equity.
The site of action for the convulsant effect of pentylenetetrazol

Abstract 1. Lymnaea neutons demonstrated convulsive bursting in response to 40 mM pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) applied extracellularly but showed no response to injections calculated to bring intracellular concentrations of PTZ to 100 mM. 2. PTZ was found to permeate cell membranes. 3. The site of the convulsive action of PTZ appears to be on the outer surface of the membrane.
Breeding and characterization of soybean Triple Null; a stack of recessive alleles of Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor, Soybean Agglutinin, and P34 allergen nulls

Soybean (Glycine max) seeds contain bioactive proteins with antinutritional and immunological properties that affect metabolism and assimilation of nutrients. The presence of antinutritional proteins requires soybeans to be heat-treated resulting in input energy costs. Nulls for bioactive seed proteins have been previously isolated from the USDA soybean collection, including Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (TI), soybean agglutinin (LE) and immunodominant soybean allergen P34 protein. Each of these nulls has the potential to partially address the concerns of soybean feed/food consumption. A stack of recessive nulls of TI, LE and P34 was created in a cv ‘Williams 82’ background termed ‘Triple Null’. Triple Null has a slight reduction of total protein compared with ‘Williams 82’ corresponding to aggregate contribution of TI, LE and P34 in the seed proteome. Triple Null's proteome analysis revealed P34 and TI nulls are frame-shift mutants able to accumulate small amounts of authentic P34 and TI proteins. Triple Null has possible application as a conventional feed/food source and for immunotherapy to mitigate soybean allergenic response.
The evaluation of the rates of biological processes from tracer kinetic data. I. The influence of labile metabolic pools

The effects of small, metabolically labile, intermediate “pools” on kinetics of isotope uptake and release are presented. The primary influence of such pools is to effect a coupling between components that are both derived and synthesized from the pool. Probably the most significant interaction is that of a component with itself. This is called “recycling”. It is shown that no matter how an isotope experiment is conducted, the true turnover rate or true half life cannot be calculated without information additional to the time course of activity in the component under study. It is noted that the presence of the pool does not alter the shape of kinetic curves. Therefore, the existence of such a pool cannot be adduced from kinetic experiments, and consequently the interpretation of the observed rate constant or the equivalent half life as either a “true” value or an “apparent” value is equivocal. Methods to evaluate the “true” turnover rates are considered. When two components are both connected to the same small pool, the turnover of one influences the other. The conditions determining whether this interaction is significant are discussed. Such coupling adds an additional term to, and changes the rate constants of, the original equation. If there are many components, there are many additional terms. It is shown that under certain conditions, the terms due to components other than the one under study may be combined in a way to give great simplification. Finally, the influence of growth on tracer kinetics is considered. A treatment employing specific activity data, yielding “the turnover rate constant for synthesis” is presented. This treatment is nearly correct for systems changing by a limited factor, say less than two fold. A procedure employing total activity measurement which yields the turnover rate constant for degradation is also presented.
Comparison study of the solution phase versus solid phase place exchange reactions in the controlled functionalization of gold nanoparticles.

Gold nanoparticles offer tremendous potential in the areas of nanoelectronics, bio- and chemosensors, and catalysis. However, before these applications are realized, the surface functionality of nanoparticles must be better controlled. Our lab has recently reported a novel synthetic approach for making monofunctionalized nanoparticles through a solid phase place exchange reaction. Monofunctionalized gold nanoparticles may also be prepared through a solution phase place exchange reaction. In this study, we compared the efficiency of these two separate approaches toward controlled functionalization of gold nanoparticles by 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. We found that the solid phase place exchange approach is much more efficient at producing monofunctionalized gold nanoparticles. 1H NMR data were used to give a semiquantitative count of substituted bifunctional ligands, and FT-IR spectra supported these findings. Furthermore, we used a diamin...
PHASE BEHAVIOR OF DILUTE SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE-HEXANOL-BRINE SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT Dilute aqueous “solutions” of anionic surfactants injected during enhanced oil recovery processes usually contain liquid crystalline material. Phase behavior has been studied in a model system containing sodium chloride brine with surfactant, alcohol, and salt contents maintained below 6, 10, and 3 weight percent respectively. Pseudoternary phase diagrams at constant salinities are used to represent the results. Some interpretation of the results is given in terms of micellar shape transformations produced by changes in the relative hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of surfactant-alcohol mixtures.
Grid stabilization of high-order one-sided differencing II: Second-order wave equations

We demonstrate the stable boundary closure of difference methods of order up through 16 for the solution of wave equations in second order form. Our method combines the introduction of 1-2 judiciously placed subcell grid points near the boundary with minimal-stencil, one-sided difference operators of the same order as the interior scheme. The method is tested on a variety of problems including the scalar wave equation discretized on mapped grids and overlapping composite grids, as well as an integrable nonlinear system.
Testing of the durability of single-crystal calcium fluoride with and without antireflection coatings for use with high-power KrF excimer lasers.

The transmission of uncoated and antireflection (AR)-coated CaF2 windows has been measured during long KrF laser exposures. Samples were tested for up to 75 million pulses in front of an industrial-grade KrF excimer laser at high repetition rates (200–300 Hz) and moderately high energy fluence (220–550 mJ/cm2). In this fluence range bare CaF2 performs much better than the best fused silicas currently available. Various AR coatings (whose structures were initially unknown to us) were deposited on CaF2 substrates polished to two distinct surface finishes. We determined the coating structures by using x-ray spectroscopy to identify positively all elements that were heavier than fluorine and fluorescence Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy to determine the layer structure and approximate layer thicknesses. We confirmed the structures by comparing measured UV transmission spectra with computer simulations. This study reveals excellent performance for SiO2/Al2O3/SiO2/Al2O3 coatings on highly polished substrates, which provided two-sided transmission in excess of 99.8% at 248 nm and no measurable deterioration after 75 million pulses. A MgF2/Al2O3 coating also performed quite well, while a hafnia-containing coating (MgF2/HfO2/LaF3) exhibited anomalous behavior. All-fluoride coatings consisting of MgF2/LaF3/MgF2 and MgF2/LaF3/AlF3 had good durability but lower starting transmission as a result of scatter losses in the LaF3 layer. These results demonstrate the availability of AR-coated CaF2 optics for high-power KrF laser applications with high transmission and no sign of degradation up to ~ 7 × 107 pulses.
A Coupled Reaction and Transport Model for Assessing the Injection, Migration and Fate of Waste Fluids

The use of reaction-transport modeling for reservoir assessment and management in the context of deep well waste injection is evaluated. The study is based on CIRF.A (Chemical Interaction of Rock and Fluid), a fully coupled multiphase flow, contaminant transport, and fluid and mineral reaction model. Although SWIFT (Sandia Waste-Isolation Flow and Transport Model) is often the numerical model of choice, it can not account for chemical reactions involving rock, wastes, and formation fluids and their effects on contaminant transport, rock permeability and porosity, and the integrity of the reservoir and confining units. CIRF.A can simulate all these processes. Two field cases of waste injection were simulated by CIRF.A. Both observation data and simulation results show mineral precipitation in one case and rock dissolution in another case. Precipitation and dissolution change rock porosity and permeability, and hence the pattern of fluid migration. The model is shown to be invaluable in analyzing near borehole and reservoir-scale effects during waste injection and predicting the 10,000 year fate of the waste plume. The benefits of using underpressured compartments as waste repositories were also demonstrated by CIRF.A simulations.
Positive approaches to education for sexual health with examples from Asia and Africa

Some approaches to health education are presented based on experiences in Asia and Africa. Consideration in project design should be given to methodology location timing and target group. There is no one correct approach. Qualitative evaluations are possible. Outreach to a larger population such as the out-of-school unemployed is an important goal as well as directing Family Life Education (FLE) to the primary school level when children are still in school. Sexual health is defined as state of physical and psychological well being including sexuality. FLE is a culturally sensitive approach to sexual health education. The avoidance of sexual terms promotes acceptance in countries such as Sri Lanka. The problem of sexuality and adolescence and the current protracted period is that adults view this period as an inconvenience rather than an inevitability. The needs of youth need to be recognized in spite of the resistance some cultures may feel about sex education encouraging promiscuity. The example is given of the government of Mali which in conjunction with the International Planned Parenthood Federation trained 150 workers to mobilize youth and introduce them to FLE. The prerequisite is mental preparation of the adult population through training programs. An example of an effective method of role play presentation by youth of major youth issues was used in creating a positive feeling for youth among World Health Assembly delegates who are Ministers of Health and Senior Government Health Officials. The Youth Counseling Services and Family Education Project in Ethiopia is described. It was a youth-designed and youth-implemented project which took into consideration working hours staff attitude and hospitality toward youths. Other methods described are: 1) drama 2) songs 3) role play 4) literature 5) videos and film shows 6) radio and 7) telephone. Integration of FLE can be positive when it is combined with youth centers income-generation projects and nongovernmental organizations. Examples are given for type of project.
Modeling granular material flows: The angle of repose, fluidization and the cliff collapse problem

Abstract I discuss theories of granular material flows, with application to granular flows on the earth and planets. There are two goals. First, there is a lingering belief of some that the standard continuum plasticity Mohr–Coulomb and/or Drucker–Prager models are not adequate for many large-scale granular flow problems. The stated reason for those beliefs is the fact that the final slopes of the run-outs in collapse, landslide problems, and large-scale cratering are well below the angle of repose of the material. That observation, combined with the supposition that in those models flow cannot occur with slopes less than the angle of repose, has led to a number of researchers suggesting a need for lubrication or fluidization mechanisms and modeling. That issue is investigated in detail and shown to be false. A complete analysis of slope failures according to the Mohr–Coulomb model is presented, with special attention to the relations between the angle of repose and slope failures. It is shown that slope failure can occur for slope angles both larger than and smaller than the angle of repose. Second, to study the details of landslide run-outs, finite-difference continuum code simulations of the prototypical cliff collapse problem, using the classical plasticity models, are presented, analyzed and compared to experiments. Although devoid of any additional fluidization models, those simulations match experiments in the literature extremely well. The dynamics of this problem introduces additional important features relating to the run-out and final slope angles. The vertical free surface begins to fall at the initial 90° and flow continues to a final slope less than 10°. The detail in the calculation is examined to show why flow persists at slope angles that appear to be less than the angle of repose. The motions include regions of solid-like, fluid-like, and gas-like flows without invoking any additional models.
A spatially restricted molecule of the extracellular matrix is contributed both maternally and zygotically in the sea urchin embryo

The extracellular matrix of the early sea urchin embryo is known to have an important functional role in morphogenesis and in the regulation of cell type specific gene expression. We have undertaken an immuno-cDNA screen to identify the constituents of the embryonic blastocoelic-extracellular matrix. Here we describe a newly identified member of the extracellular matrix that we have designated ECM 3. The transcript encoding ECM 3 is approximately 9.5 kb in length and partial DNA sequence contains no significant similarity to other sequences in the Genbank. This transcript is present in eggs and early embryos, and early in gastrulation the transcript accumulation increases approximately 25 fold. In situ RNA hybridization shows that the mRNA is present uniformly throughout eggs and early embryos, but beginning at mesenchyme blastula stage, RNA accumulation is selective to cells of the ectoderm except at the animal pole, where ECM 3 mRNA is greatly reduced. In this species, Lytechinus variegatus, the animal pole ectoderm is the site of fusion with the invaginating endoderm during formation of the mouth. In situ analysis of protein expression using a monospecific polyclonal antisera made against recombinant ECM 3 polypeptides shows that during gastrulation the ECM 3 protein accumulates selectively in the basal lamina and blastocoelar regions adjacent to the ectoderm in all regions except for the ectoderm at the animal pole. The ECM 3 protein is not detected in other regions of the blastocoel e.g. adjacent to the endoderm. ECM 3 is also contributed maternally; the ECM 3 protein is synthesized during oogenesis and stored in oocytes within membrane-bound vesicles in the vicinity of Golgi complexes. Following fertilization ECM 3 is selectively secreted basally into the nascent blastocoel. No accumulation is detected in apical regions of the blastomeres or in the hyaline layer/apical lamina. This newly described molecule of the extracellular matrix thus demonstrates expression regulated both by secretion and by cell type specific gene expression, and shows a correlation between a microenvironment of the extracellular matrix and a morphogenetic event.
Bayesian multi-resolution modeling for spatially replicated data sets with application to forest biomass data

Analysts in the natural and environmental sciences often encounter spatially referenced data sets arising from designs that are spatially replicated, where we have a set of main plots, each subdivided into several subplots. Spatial variation, therefore, possibly exists at two resolutions: macro-level variation between the main plots and micro-level variation between the subplots within each main plot. Scientific interest centers around estimating the underlying spatial associations and effects at multiple resolutions. These objectives introduce fresh challenges in statistical modeling, especially with regard to constructing rich association structures that yield valid probability models. We outline a spatial-process based versatile methodological framework to accomplish such modeling within a hierarchical Bayesian paradigm. We illustrate the proposed method using forest biomass data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service.
Beyond Horses to Zebras: Sicca Syndrome

Librarians may have unique opportunities to apply their professional skills in areas of medicine that involve rare diseases. There appears to be an unaddressed clinical need for comprehensive but concise information about rare disease states. Although most common diseases are easily found in ready reference sources, rarer entities are seldom well addressed therein. Also, different specialty areas of medicine often do not effectively communicate cross-disciplinarily and, thus, may miss important clues to pathology that a finely honed search may reveal. A broad and comprehensive search by a professional librarian may uncover possible diagnoses and potential treatment strategies heretofore unconsidered. “Sicca syndrome” is a term used to describe pathologic involvement of the mucosal membranes and is considered a rare disease. Using “sicca syndrome” as an example, this work attempts to demonstrate that medical librarians can fill a market niche by combining in-depth search strategies with concise synopses to...
Studies of free and protein-bound β-flavaspidic acid-N-methylglucaminate in isolated rat hepatocytes and mitochondria

Abstract β-Flavaspidic acid-N-methylglucaminate (FLAV), the water-soluble derivative of flavaspidic acid, was absorbed from medium by isolated hepatocytes at a concentration-dependent rate. At a medium concentration of 5 mM, FLAV was absorbed at a steady state rate of 1.2 nmoles/mg of protein/min. Oxygen consumption by the cells was increased erratical ly by 0.18 nmoles/mg of protein/ min, a quantity not considered sufficient to support microsomal oxidation of the compound. When added to mitochondrial suspensions, FLAV at concentrations ranging from 80 nM to 8 μM uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation and caused a linear stimulation of ADP-independent respiration. FLAV binds readily to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and to the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) in the cytosol. When bound to these proteins in molar ratios of 0.66 and 3.3, respectively, or to a partially purified cytosolic FABP protein (12.7 nmoles/μg of protein), FLAV failed to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. These data suggest that, at a medium concentration of 5 mM, FLAV does not alter the mitochondrial oxidative activity of isolated hepatocytes. Thus, results from studies in isolated hepatocytes utilizing FLAV reflect the displacement of fatty acids from FABP and are not due to a secondary metabolic effect of the compound at the level of oxidative phosphorylation.
The influence of brownian diffusion on binary flow-induced collision rates in colloidal dispersions

Abstract Brownian diffusion and shearing flow have been predicted to affect binary collision rates in a complex nonlinear combination. We have performed experiments with monodisperse polystyrene suspensions to test our theoretical predictions. The Brownian coagulation experiments were conducted under conditions of rapid coagulation in order to determine the Hamaker constant for the dispersion. Shear-flow experiments were then performed in a Couette flow apparatus at shear rates ranging from 200 to 1600 s−1. Coagulation rates were measured through low-angle laser-light-scattering techniques. Based on measurements of the physical parameters characterizing the dispersion, an a priori prediction of the coagulation rate, valid at high Peclet numbers (Pe), can be made from our perturbation theory. The experimental results matched the prediction, to within experimental error, for shear rates greater than 600 s−1 (Pe ⩾ 60). At lower values of shear rate the perturbation theory is not believed to be applicable.
Silk from a sow's ear: extracting usable structures from the Web

In its current implementation, the World-Wide Web lacks much of the explicit structure and strong typing found in many closed hypertext systems. While this property probably relates to the explosive acceptance of the Web, it further complicates the already difficult problem of identifying usable structures and aggregates in large hypertext collections. These reduced structures, or localities, form the basis for simplifying visualizations of and navigation through complex hypertext systems. Much of the previous research into identifying aggregates utilize graph theoretic algorithms based upon structural topology, i.e., the linkages between items. Other research has focused on content analysis to form document collections. This paper presents our exploration into techniques that utilize both the topology and textual similarity between items as well as usage data collected by servers and page meta-information lke title and size. Linear equations and spreading activation models are employed to arrange Web pages based upon functional categories, node types, and relevancy.
Control of Copper Resistance and Inorganic Sulfur Metabolism by Paralogous Regulators in Staphylococcus aureus

All strains of Staphylococcus aureus encode a putative copper-sensitive operon repressor (CsoR) and one other CsoR-like protein of unknown function. We show here that NWMN_1991 encodes a bona fide Cu(I)-inducible CsoR of a genetically unlinked copA-copZ copper resistance operon in S. aureus strain Newman. In contrast, an unannotated open reading frame found between NWMN_0027 and NWMN_0026 (denoted NWMN_0026.5) encodes a CsoR-like regulator that represses expression of adjacent genes by binding specifically to a pair of canonical operator sites positioned in the NWMN_0027–0026.5 intergenic region. Inspection of these regulated genes suggests a role in assimilation of inorganic sulfur from thiosulfate and vectorial sulfur transfer, and we designate NWMN_0026.5 as CstR (CsoR-like sulfur transferase repressor). Expression analysis demonstrates that CsoR and CstR control their respective regulons in response to distinct stimuli with no overlap in vivo. Unlike CsoR, CstR does not form a stable complex with Cu(I); operator binding is instead inhibited by oxidation of the intersubunit cysteine pair to a mixture of disulfide and trisulfide linkages by a likely metabolite of thiosulfate assimilation, sulfite. CsoR is unreactive toward sulfite under the same conditions. We conclude that CsoR and CstR are paralogs in S. aureus that function in the same cytoplasm to control distinct physiological processes.
Abstract 2404: Correlation of OGlcNAc modification components and EMT/Stem cell markers in lung adenocarcinoma

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Background: O-GlcNAcylation, post-ribosomal protein modification with an N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) residue is functionally similar to phosphorylation in cellular physiology in that it is vital to cellular regulation and homeostasis. The enzymes responsible for the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc have been identified as O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). It has been proposed that O-GlcNAcylation may be an important regulator of cancer initiation and progression, based on the O-GlcNAcylation of many oncogenes/ proto-oncolgenes and tumor suppressors, but with few citations in the literature on the subject. Here, we investigated the correlation of O-GlcNAc modification components with expression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT)/Stem cell markers in 65 cases of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for O-GlcNAcylation, OGT, OGA, E-cadherin, vimentin, CD133, CD34 and CXCR-4 were performed on 65 primary lung adenocarcinoma and matching metastatic lymph nodes. All patients were treated by complete anatomic resections and limited to T1-2N0-2M0 (pathological). Scoring was accomplished by evaluating localization (membrane, cytoplasm, peri-nuclear, and nuclear), stain intensity (0: no staining, 1: weak staining, 2: strong staining) and frequency for at least 200 cells per field (400X magnification), with 25 random fields surveyed per section. This was done by two readers, and a score was then calculated based on these parameters for statistical comparisons (0: lowest, 2: highest). We then evealuated the correlation of these markers with each other through Pearson's correlation in SPSS v18.0. Results: Higher expression of cytoplasmic OGT was correlated with higher cytoplasmic OGlcNAcylation in primary tumor (r=0.40, p=0.001) and lymph node metastasis (r=0.567, p=0.001). However, we did not observe any relationship between OGA and OGlcNAcylation level. Vimentin showed positive correlation with nuclear OGlcNAcylation in both primary (r=0.281, p=0.031) and lymph node (r=0.380, p=0.035). but no relationship was observed with cytoplasmic OGlcNacylation. Also, CD133 demontrated positive correlation with cytoplasmic OGT in both primary (r=0.510, p=<0.001) and lymph node (r=0.555, p=0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation might play important roles in lung adenocarcinoma initiation and progression and may be a potential prognostic factor to predict patient risk of recurrence after surgery. Also, these findings may provide us with added insights regarding the mechanism of metastasis, although, further investigations are warranted to validate our results. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2404. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2404
The Salting Out of Ethanol and Water: A Colorful Illustration of Intermolecular Forces

Water and ethanol are made immiscible by the addition of potassium carbonate. This effect can be visualized in a large lecture hall through the initial addition of a few drops of bromothymol blue and a drop of acid to a water/ethanol solution. After addition of potassium carbonate, the yellow solution separates into two phases, a colorless aqueous and blue organic phase. This demonstration can be used to introduce or illustrate the concept of intermolecular forces.
Longitudinal study of facial growth in relation to skeletal maturation during adolescence

investigators in the field of orthodontics have noted the beneficial effect that the rapid rate of growth during adolescence has upon orthodontic treatment. The close relationship between skeletal maturation and sexual development has also been 0bserved.l It is the purpose of this article to implement these observations by relating the growth of the face during the adolescent period to a measure of skeletal development based on hand and wrist s-raps.
Evaluating entity resolution results

Entity Resolution (ER) is the process of identifying groups of records that refer to the same real-world entity. Various measures (e.g., pairwise F1, cluster F1) have been used for evaluating ER results. However, ER measures tend to be chosen in an ad-hoc fashion without careful thought as to what defines a good result for the specific application at hand. In this paper, our contributions are twofold. First, we conduct an analysis on existing ER measures, showing that they can often conflict with each other by ranking the results of ER algorithms differently. Second, we explore a new distance measure for ER (called "generalized merge distance" or GMD) inspired by the edit distance of strings, using cluster splits and merges as its basic operations. A significant advantage of GMD is that the cost functions for splits and merges can be configured, enabling us to clearly understand the characteristics of a defined GMD measure. Surprisingly, a state-of-the-art clustering measure called Variation of Information is a special case of our configurable GMD measure, and the widely used pairwise F1 measure can be directly computed using GMD. We present an efficient linear-time algorithm that correctly computes the GMD measure for a large class of cost functions that satisfy reasonable properties.
Effects of vibrational averaging on coupled cluster calculations of spin–spin coupling constants for hydrocarbons

We present vibrationally corrected nuclear spin–spin coupling constants for four hydrocarbons with different types of carbon–carbon bonds calculated with coupled cluster (CC) theory. First, we perform a systematic basis set investigation on acetylene for all of the four contributions (Fermi-contact, spin-dipole, para- and diamagnetic spin–orbit) to the spin–spin coupling constants and subsequently choose basis sets of sufficient flexibility to describe converged electronic properties. Then, in order to describe the effects of vibrational motion for the studied molecules we perform a Taylor expansion in the normal coordinates up to second order – a method that is well known for both its quality and efficiency – and rigorously estimate the resulting contribution for all types of spin–spin coupling constants. Combined, this allows us to obtain highly accurate benchmark estimates of the spin–spin coupling constants for acetylene, ethylene, ethane, and cyclopropane. This work provides one of the first systemat...
PERSONALITY STEREOTYPES IN VOICE: A RECONSIDERATION OF THE DATA.

(1964). Personality Stereotypes in Voice: A Reconsideration of the Data. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 247-251.
The Effects of Topic Familiarity and Passage Sight Vocabulary on L2 Lexical Inferencing and Retention through Reading

The study examines the impact of topic familiarity and passage sight vocabulary on lexical inferencing and retention. Independent variables include (a) a topic familiarity questionnaire, and (b) a passage sight vocabulary test. A repeated-measures design was used with a cross-sectional sample of 35 adult L2 learners of Spanish. Ss read narratives (1 more and 1 less familiar) containing nonsense words. They guessed meanings of target words and rated degree of difficulty in guessing. After reading all stories, all participants completed an inference verification task to confirm or correct guesses, and to encourage deeper processing of target words. This was followed by two measures of retention: (a) translation production, and (b) translation recognition. Analyses reveal (a) robust effects of topic familiarity and passage sight vocabulary on lexical inferencing, (b) a significant interaction between topic familiarity and passage sight vocabulary on difficulty in lexical inferencing, and (c) robust effects of passage sight vocabulary on lexical retention and a significant effect of topic familiarity on lexical retention-translation recognition measure. The discusThe study examines the impact of topic familiarity and passage sight vocabulary on lexical inferencing and retention. Independent variables include (a) a topic familiarity questionnaire, and (b) a passage sight vocabulary test. A repeated-measures design was used with a cross-sectional sample of 35 adult L2 learners of Spanish. Ss read narratives (1 more and 1 less familiar) containing nonsense words. They guessed meanings of target words and rated degree of difficulty in guessing. After reading all stories, all participants completed an inference verification task to confirm or correct guesses, and to encourage deeper processing of target words. This was followed by two measures of retention: (a) translation production, and (b) translation recognition. Analyses reveal (a) robust effects of topic familiarity and passage sight vocabulary on lexical inferencing, (b) a significant interaction between topic familiarity and passage sight vocabulary on difficulty in lexical inferencing, and (c) robust effects of passage sight vocabulary on lexical retention and a significant effect of topic familiarity on lexical retention-translation recognition measure. The discussion concerns the significance of findings for lexical inferencing, processing, and retention through strategic reading tasks.
Superconducting properties of rapidly quenched and heat treated Zr-V and Hf-V foils

The results of rapid quenching and subsequent heat treatments on the superconducting properties of the Zr-V and Hf-V binary systems are presented. Metallic glasses can be prepared in these systems which have very attractive properties for practical application. The existence of a flexible glassy phase raises the prospect of alternative methods for the construction of superconducting devices. As-quenched, partially crystalline material is characterized by small critical currents, yet relatively large upper critical fields and transition temperatures. Heat treatments considerably enhance the current carrying capability.
Interaction of Fullerene (C60) Nanoparticles with Humic Acid and Alginate Coated Silica Surfaces: Measurements, Mechanisms, and Environmental Implications

The deposition kinetics of fullerene (C60) nanoparticles onto bare silica surfaces and surfaces precoated with humic acid and alginate are investigated over a range of monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl2) salt concentrations using a quartz crystal microbalance. Because simultaneous aggregation of the fullerene nanoparticles occurs, especially at higher electrolyte concentrations, we normalize the observed deposition rates by the corresponding favorable (transport-limited) deposition rates to obtain the attachment efficiencies, α. The deposition kinetics of fullerene nanoparticles onto bare silica surfaces are shown to be controlled by electrostatic interactions and van der Waals attraction, consistent with the classical particle deposition behavior where both favorable and unfavorable deposition regimes are observed. The presence of dissolved humic acid and alginate in solution leads to significantly slower deposition kinetics due to steric repulsion. Precoating the silica surfaces with humic acid and a...
Disagreeing to agree: Conflict, (im)politeness and identity in a computer-mediated community

Recent research on politeness has attempted to re-examine the seminal work of Brown and Levinson (1987) and refine the framework to be more applicable to a wider variety of circumstances (Watts, 2003; Spencer-Oatey, 2005). Although, as Locher (2004) notes, there have been several empirical studies building on Brown and Levinson's (1987) framework of politeness, there are relatively few studies which explore the dynamics of these newer models in empirical research. This empirical study addresses this gap by exploring how expectations of (im)politeness are negotiated within an e-mail community. Examination of the communicative practices indicate that, in this e-community, the norms for interaction within the community of practice (Eckert and McConnell-Ginet, 1999; Lave and Wenger, 1991; Holmes and Meyerhoff, 1999) merge with the norms of (polite) interaction within the computer medium to create a unique set of expectations for what constitutes polite behavior in a computer-mediated setting. Deviation from these norms frequently results in conflict, but the (active) negotiation of norms of politeness in this community of practice, or C of P (through conflict) give group members an opportunity to (re)negotiate the group identity.
Patients With Celiac Disease and B-Cell Lymphoma Have a Better Prognosis Than Those With T-Cell Lymphoma

Background & Aims Celiac disease (CD) is associated with an increased risk of lymphoma. However, relatively few studies have assessed the outcome of patients diagnosed with both CD and lymphoma. We evaluated the temporal association between lymphoma and CD, along with clinical presentation, response to therapy, and prognosis. Methods Patients diagnosed with both CD and lymphoma were identified retrospectively in a tertiary referral center. Clinical characteristics and survival were analyzed. Results Sixty-three patients (36 men) were identified who had been diagnosed with lymphoma and CD. Thirty-six (57%) were diagnosed with CD before they were diagnosed with lymphoma. The most common histologic entity was diffuse, large, B-cell lymphoma, which affected 18 (29%) patients. Complete information for staging was available in 59 patients; 24 (38%) had stage IV disease. Only chemotherapy or only radiation therapy was used for 43 (68%) and 11 (17%) patients, respectively. The 5- and 10-year cumulative survival rates for the entire cohort were 58% and 39%, respectively. Survival of patients with T-cell lymphoma was shorter than for all other lymphomas (119.4 vs 22.8 mo; P = .02). Conclusions CD is associated with B- and T-cell lymphomas. Patients with B-cell lymphomas had a better prognosis than those with T-cell lymphoma. Therapy is unsatisfactory for enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma.