cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Psychological Sequelae of Child Sexual Abuse

Traditionally, child psychopathology research has been focused on discrete symptomatology leading to diagnosable disorders or behavioral/emotional syndromes. For example, psychiatric nosologies for children and adolescents have typically focused on symptom constellations such as depression, anxiety, and conduct disorders. As research has progressed in these areas, etiological studies have contributed to a growing realization that many major childhood problems have their origins in dysfunctional environmental circumstances. For instance, research with conduct-problem children has identified numerous family processes that have functional relationships with externalizing forms of behavior problems (e.g., inconsistent consequences for positive and negative behaviors).
Elements of causal inference: foundations and learning algorithms

The automation and machine learning are inevitable in the practice statistical concepts in the twenty-first century. The cause and effect are the central theme often in data-oriented statistical sc...
Abstract 1310: Systematic evaluation of gene networks for discovery of disease genes

Gene networks are rapidly growing in size and number, raising the question of which networks are most appropriate for a particular application. Here, we evaluate 21 human genome-wide interaction networks for their ability to recover gene sets associated with 446 different diseases and 9 cancer hallmarks. While all networks have some ability in these recovery tasks, we observe a wide range of performance with STRING, GeneMANIA and GIANT networks having the best performance overall. A general tendency is that performance scales with network size, suggesting that new interaction discovery currently outweighs the detrimental effects of false positives. Correcting for size, we find that the DIP network provides the highest efficiency (value per interaction). Based on these results we create a parsimonious composite network with both high efficiency and absolute performance, which outperforms any single resource. This work provides a benchmark for selection of molecular networks in human disease research. Citation Format: Justin K. Huang, Daniel E. Carlin, Michael K. Yu, Wei Zhang, Jason F. Kreisberg, Pablo Tamayo, Trey Ideker. Systematic evaluation of gene networks for discovery of disease genes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1310.
Female philanthropy in the interwar world: between self and other

This thought-provoking book focuses on the work and ideas of four prominent British women philanthropists during the interwar period: Evangeline Booth, Emily Kinnaird, Lettice Fisher, and Muriel Pa...
Nickel-induced transcriptional changes persist post exposure through epigenetic reprogramming

Nickel is an occupational and environmental toxicant associated with a number of diseases in humans including pulmonary fibrosis, bronchitis and lung and nasal cancers. Our earlier studies showed that the nickel-exposure-induced genome-wide transcriptional changes, which persist even after the termination of exposure may underlie nickel pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms that drive nickel-induced persistent changes to the transcriptome remain elusive. To elucidate the mechanisms that underlie nickel-induced long-term transcriptional changes, in this study, we examined the transcriptome and the epigenome of human lung epithelial cells during nickel exposure and after the termination of exposure. We identified two categories of persistently differentially expressed genes: (i) the genes that were differentially expressed during nickel exposure; and (ii) the genes that were differentially expressed only after the termination of exposure. Interestingly, > 85% of the nickel-induced gene expression changes occurred only after the termination of exposure. We also found extensive genome-wide alterations to the activating histone modification, H3K4me3, after the termination of nickel exposure, which coincided with the post-exposure gene expression changes. In addition, we found significant post-exposure alterations to the repressive histone modification, H3K27me3. Our results suggest that while modest first wave of transcriptional changes occurred during nickel exposure, extensive transcriptional changes occurred during a second wave of transcription for which removal of nickel ions was essential. By uncovering a new category of transcriptional and epigenetic changes, which occur only after the termination of exposure, this study provides a novel understanding of the long-term deleterious consequences of nickel exposure on human health.
Concerns about Continuing Claims that a Protein Complex Interacts with the Phosphorelay.

The major endonuclease for mRNA decay in Bacillus subtilis is the integral membrane protein RNase Y. We have shown that RNase Y interacts directly with a widely conserved, three-protein complex, the Y-complex, that is required for the majority of RNase Y-mediated mRNA cleavage events in B. subtilis (1, 2). This letter raises concerns about a recent paper in mBio (3) and three preceding publications (4–6) that argue that the Y-complex has an additional, add-on function in which it directly interacts with two proteins (Spo0F and Spo0B) in a phosphorelay that is responsible for phosphorylating the master regulatory protein Spo0A. That the Y-complex interacts with RNase Y is based on robust two-hybrid data with multiple positive and negative controls (1), pulldown experiments done independently …
Nonlinear Rayleigh waves to evaluate plasticity damage in X52 pipeline material

Abstract This research uses nonlinear Rayleigh waves to examine different levels of plastic strain in samples made from legacy X52 pipeline material. Here the plastic strain is used as a surrogate for the damage associated with a pipeline dent. Tension specimens are subjected to a static, mechanical load. Nonlinear Rayleigh waves are used to measure the relative acoustic nonlinearity parameter, β ′ in these specimens as a function of the accumulated plastic strain in the specimens. These results are then compared to previous β ′ measurements made in A36 steel specimens, and a scenario based on the formation of dislocations is proposed to explain the increase in β ′ observed. These measurements demonstrate the sensitivity of β ′ to the microstructural changes caused by plastic deformation in X52 pipeline steel.
Computational Modeling to Support Surgical Decision Making in Single Ventricle Physiology

Many of the advances in congenital heart surgery were built upon lessons and insights gained from model simulations. While animal and mock-circuit models have historically been the main arena to test new operative techniques and concepts, the recognition that complex cardiovascular anatomy and circulation can be modeled mathematically ushered a new era of collaboration between surgeons and engineers. In 1996, the computational age in congenital heart surgery began when investigators in London and Milan tapped the power of the computer to simulate the Fontan procedure and introduced operative improvements. Since then, computational modeling has led to numerous contributions in congenial heart surgery as continuing sophistication and advances in numerical and imaging methods furthered the ability to refine anatomic and physiologic details. Idealized generic models have given way to precise patient-specific simulations of the 3-dimensional anatomy, reconstructed circulation, affected hemodynamics, and altered physiology. Tools to perform virtual surgery, and predict flow dynamic and circulatory results, have been developed for some of the most complex defects, such as those requiring single ventricle palliation. In today's quest for personalized medicine and precision care, computational modeling's role to assist surgical planning in complex congenital heart surgery will continue to grow and evolve. With ever closer collaboration between surgeons and engineers, and clear understanding of modeling limitations, computational simulations can be a valuable adjunct to support preoperative surgical decision making.
Transformative Learning and Well-Being for Emerging Adults in Higher Education:

The concept of well-being has emerged over the past several years in a significant way in higher education across North America, posing the question of what well-being means in relation to transfor...
Organic Thin-Film Transistors with a Bottom Bilayer Gate Dielectric Having a Low Operating Voltage and High Operational Stability

This study reports on p-channel bottom-gate organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) that achieve low-voltage operation with a thin bilayer gate dielectric of CYTOP/HfO2 that also leads to high operat...
A checklist for crisis operations within volcano observatories

Abstract We draw on our experience in assisting with international crises through the volcano disaster assistance program (VDAP) and during the eruptions of Mount St. Helens in 1980–1986 and 2004–2008 to offer recommendations for successful observatory operations during times of crisis. The degree of success in responding to a crisis is profoundly affected by the degree of preparation before a crisis arises—including the building of monitoring systems and databases to improve forecasting and establish effective partnerships with civil protection authorities and communities at risk. Success further depends on teamwork and communication during the crisis and on the level, progression, and duration of unrest itself (the crisis timeline). Some factors lie within the purview of the observatory to control; others are external and difficult or impossible to control. We focus on the first. A myriad of specific tasks must be remembered and accomplished before, during, and after crises. Just as airline pilots use checklists to ensure that key items for aviation safety and aircraft performance are not overlooked, we recommend that volcanologists do the same. We offer here a checklist for volcanic crisis responses and encourage observatory scientists and managers to review and revise it to best suit their needs.
Cinemasaurus: Russian film in contemporary context: edited by Nancy Condee, Alexander Prokhorov, and Elena Prokhorova, Boston, Academic Studies Press, 2020, 310 pp., £20.44 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-6446-9271-4

This edited volume of cinematic scholarship has two manifest intentions. First, it aggregates the work of twelve young and promising academics, which, when combined with the contributions of more s...
A Closer Look at the Adequacy of Proposed Frameworks for a "Virtue Theory for Moral Enhancement".

Rather than presenting a fully developed virtue theory for moral enhancement, Fabiano's (2021) “Virtue Theory for Moral Enhancement” seeks traction for a virtues approach by linking virtues to five...
Growth, Transformation and Digital Capital: The Importance of Technological and Organizational Architecture

The benefits to data analytics and machine learning have been distributed unevenly across firms around the world. Research on IT productivity points to intangible capital as a key driver of value creation from innovation in computing. We argue that a crucial component of intangible capital is organization-wide technological architecture, which is idiosyncratic and difficult to measure. We use a novel survey instrument to quantify large corporations’ data architecture capabilities by their closeness to “best practices” of frontier digital companies. Using the prevalence of third-party maintenance as a proxy for legacy servers before 2016 and an instrument for data architecture coherence, we find that improving data architecture coherence leads to more intensive machine learning capabilities and substantially higher productivity growth in the subsequent three-year period. Legacy servers reduce data architecture coherence particularly at corporations with complex software systems, consistent with the hypothesis that costs of digital transformation are greater when workers need to develop more complicated co-invention processes to interact with technical systems.
Material extrusion 3D printing of carbon material reinforced PDMS matrix composites and their mechanical properties

Abstract Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been broadly exploited because of its advantages of biocompatibility, flexibility, and transparency. However, the low mechanical strength constraints its further applications. An approach to improve its mechanical properties is to reinforce the PDMS matrix with high mechanical strength reinforcements. Carbon materials, such as carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT), are widely applied as reinforcement to enhance the mechanical performance of PDMS. 3D printing is a promising rapid prototyping method to manufacture carbon material/PDMS composites. Herein, we 3D printed CF/PDMS and CNT/PDMS lines, essential elements for printing 3D structures, to study the 3D printing process and mechanical performance of carbon material/PDMS composites. The rheological analysis indicated the adding of CF did not affect the printability of CF/PDMS inks. The tensile modulus of printed CF/PDMS lines was improved by 52.4% compared to pure PDMS lines with 4 wt% CF reinforced PDMS. The agglomeration of CNT in PDMS limited the improvement of Young’s modulus of printed CNT/PDMS lines as the CNT concentration increased. This work analyzed the influence of 3D printing parameters on the carbon material/PDMS lines. It also provided an approach to study the extrusion 3D printing process by analyzing the essential lines.
Purification and Structural Characterization of the Long Noncoding RNAs.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are now accepted as key players in diverse cellular functions, yet the structure-function relationships of these novel RNAs remain mostly unknown. Homogenous purification of lncRNAs is a necessary first-step for downstream structural studies. The large size of lncRNAs (often more than 1 kb) presents many unique challenges during the purification process. Here, we detail the purification of lncRNAs, including strategies to identify proper folding conditions of the target lncRNA. Next, we discuss two recently developed RNA structure probing techniques, SHAPE-MaP (SHAPE probing followed by mutational profiling) and DMS-MaP (DMS probing followed by mutational profiling). These techniques couple traditional RNA chemical probing methods with next-generation sequencing and allow high-throughput determination of RNA structures. Using the datasets resulting from these orthogonal probing experiments, we lay out the steps to determine and validate the secondary structure of the target lncRNA. Overall, this chapter details an adaptable protocol that can lead to a better understanding of the structure-function relationships of lncRNAs.
Authors’ Response to Book Review of Race, Gender, and Political Representation: Toward a More Intersectional Approach

We thank Dr. Caballero for his kind words and for capturing and embracing our primary goals in researching and writing this book: to learn more about how political representation is raced-gendered ...
Frictional Anisotropy and the Role of Lattice Relaxation in Molecular Tribology of Crystalline Interfaces

A statistical thermodynamic description of the atomic force microscope is summarized and applied to the sliding of a single-atom tip over a hexagonal close packed substrate surface under constant load in vacuum. The substrate atoms are taken to be independent isotropic harmonic oscillators and the tip-substrate interaction to be Lennard-Jones (12,6). Sliding is treated as a quasistatic (reversible) process. The force of static friction (i.e., the maximum of the lateral component of the force anti-parallel to the direction of movement of the tip) is computed for several crystallographic directions at T = 0K. The frictional force is found to be strongly anisotropic, consistent with the recent experiment by Sheehan and Lieber ( Science 272, 1158 (1996)). The tip slides with minimum resistance along a particular pathway where rows of substrate atoms form a “groove.” Sliding perpendicular to the groove offers frictional forces up to an order of magnitude greater. For hard substrates the frictional force is nearly linear with load (i.e., the coefficient of static friction is constant). As the substrate gets softer (i.e., the force constant decreases), the force of friction decreases and the coefficient of friction declines with load, even becoming negative for sufficiently soft substrates.
Distributed Actuation and Sensing on an Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle

An array of effectors and sensors has been designed, tested and implemented on a Blended Wing Body Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The UAV is modified to serve as a flying, controls research, testbed. This effector/sensor array provides for the dynamic vehicle testing of controller designs and the study of decentralized control techniques. Each wing of the UAV is equipped with 12 distributed effectors that comprise a segmented array of independently actuated, contoured control surfaces. A single pressure sensor is installed near the base of each effector to provide a measure of deflections of the effectors. The UAV wings were tested in the North Carolina State University Subsonic Wind Tunnel and the pressure distribution that result from the deflections of the effectors are characterized. The results of the experiments are used to develop a simple, but accurate, prediction method, such that for any arrangement of the effector array the corresponding pressure distribution can be determined. Numerical analysis using the panel code CMARC verifies this prediction method.
Silent Crohn's Disease: Asymptomatic Patients with Elevated C-reactive Protein Are at Risk for Subsequent Hospitalization.

BACKGROUND Patient-reported Crohn's disease (CD) symptoms and endoscopic evaluation have historically guided routine care, but the risk of complications in asymptomatic patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) is unknown. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of patients with CD from a tertiary care center. Subjects with short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire scores ≥ 50, Harvey-Bradshaw CD scores ≤ 4, and same-day CRP measurement were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was disease-related hospitalization up to 24 months after the qualifying clinic visit. We assessed the relationship between CRP elevation and subsequent hospitalization. RESULTS There were 351 asymptomatic patients with CD (median age 40 yr; 50.4% female) who met inclusion criteria, and CRP was elevated in 19.7% of these individuals (n = 69). At 24 months, 16.8% (n = 59) of the study population had been hospitalized for CD-related complications. Significantly, more patients with an elevated CRP were hospitalized (33.3% versus 12.8%, P < 0.0001) compared with those with a normal CRP and were hospitalized at increased rate (P < 0.001) on Kaplan-Meier analysis. CRP elevation was significantly and independently associated with increased risk of hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio 2.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-3.98; P = 0.02) in multivariable survival analysis. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic patients with CD with elevated CRP are at a nearly 2-fold higher risk for hospitalization over the subsequent 2 years compared with asymptomatic patients with CD without CRP elevation.
Molecular and genetic analysis of a region of plasmid pCF10 containing positive control genes and structural genes encoding surface proteins involved in pheromone-inducible conjugation in Enterococcus faecalis.

Abstract Exposure of Enterococcus faecalis cells carrying the tetracycline resistance plasmid pCF10 to the heptapeptide pheromone cCF10 results in an increase in conjugal transfer frequency by as much as 10(6)-fold. Pheromone-induced donor cells also express at least two plasmid-encoded surface proteins, the 130-kDa Sec 10 protein, which is involved in surface exclusion, and the 150-kDa Asc10 protein, which has been associated with the formation of mating aggregates. Previous subcloning and transposon mutagenesis studies indicated that the adjacent EcoRI c (7.5 kb) and e (4.5 kb) fragments of pCF10 encode the structural genes for these proteins and that the EcoRI c fragment also encodes at least two regulatory genes involved in activation of the expression of the genes encoding Asc10 and Sec10. In this paper, the results of physical and genetic analysis of this region of pCF10, along with the complete DNA sequences of the EcoRI c and e fragments, are reported. The results of the genetic studies indicate the location of the structural genes for the surface proteins and reveal important features of their transcription. In addition, we provide evidence here and in the accompanying paper (S. B. Olmsted, S.-M. Kao, L. J. van Putte, J. C. Gallo, and G. M. Dunny, J. Bacteriol. 173:7665-7672, 1991) for a role of Asc10 in mating aggregate formation. The data also reveal a complex positive control system that acts at distances of at least 3 to 6 kb to activate expression of Asc10. DNA sequence analysis presented here reveals the positions of a number of specific genes, termed prg (pheromone-responsive genes) in this region of pCF10. The genes mapped include prgA (encoding Sec10) and prgB (encoding Asc10), as well as four putative regulatory genes, prgX, -R, -S, and -T. Although the predicted amino acid sequences of Sec10 and Asc10 have some structural features in common with a number of surface proteins of gram-positive cocci, and the Asc10 sequence is highly similar to that of a similar protein encoded by the pheromone-inducible plasmid pAD1 (D. Galli, F. Lottspeich, and R. Wirth, Mol. Microbiol. 4:895-904, 1990), the regulatory genes show relatively little resemblance to any previously sequenced genes from either procaryotes or eucaryotes.
A model for demonstrating interdependence of mission, vision, strategic and assessment plans, and educational outcomes to increase awareness of these connections among faculty and administrators

This paper describes a model that demonstrates connectivity between institutional mission, vision, strategic and assessment plans, and educational outcomes of a pharmacy program. The attributes of this model are: i) it uses strategic and action plans to develop and improve the program, ii) it has a comprehensive assessment plan, iii) it will measure progress made towards achieving educational outcomes, and iv) it uses a syllabus template and a course development and review process that will integrate and keep the freshness in the curriculum.
Comparison Of Reaction Barriers In Energy And Free Energy For Enzyme Catalysis

Reaction paths on potential energy surfaces obtained from QM/MM calculations of enzymatic or solution reactions depend on the starting structure employed for the path calculations. The free energies associated with these paths should be more reliable for studying reaction mechanisms, because statistical averages are used. To investigate this, the role of enzyme environment fluctuations on reaction paths has been studied with an ab initio QM/MM method for the first step of the reaction catalyzed by 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4OT). Four minimum energy paths (MEPs) are compared, which have been determined with two different methods. The first path (path A) has been determined with a procedure that combines the nudged elastic band (NEB) method and a second order parallel path optimizer recently developed in our group. The second path (path B) has also been determined by the combined procedure, however, the enzyme environment has been relaxed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The third path (path C) has been determined with the coordinate driving (CD) method, using the enzyme environment from path B. We compare these three paths to a previously determined path (path D) determined with the CD method. In all four cases the QM/MM–FE method (Y. Zhang et al., JCP, 112, 3483) was employed to obtain the free energy barriers for all four paths. In the case of the combined procedure, the reaction path is approximated by a small number of images which are optimized to the MEP in parallel, which results in a reduced computational cost. However, this does not allow the FEP calculation on the MEP. In order to perform FEP calculations on these paths, we introduce a modification to the NEB method that enables the addition of as many extra images to the path as needed for the FEP calculations. The calculated potential energy barriers show differences in the activation barrier between the calculated paths of as much as 5.17 kcal/mol. However, the largest free energy barrier difference is 1.58 kcal/mol. These results show the importance of the inclusion of the environment fluctuation in the calculation of enzymatic activation barriers
On Representation of Planar Graphs by Segments

In this paper, we introduce Vertex-face contact representation (VFCR for short) for 2-connected plane multigraphs. We present a simple linear time algorithm for constructing a VFCR for 2-connected plane graphs. Our algorithm only uses an st-orientation for Gand its corresponding st-orientation for the dual graph of G. We also show that one kind of vertex-vertex contact representation (VVCR) for 2-connected bipartite planar graphs introduced by Fraysseix et al. [2,3] can be easily obtained by applying our algorithm. In general, our algorithm produces a more compact representation than their algorithm. Then we investigate st-orientations for 3-connected planar graphs. We prove that a 3-connected planar graph Gwith nvertices and ffaces, has an st-orientation with the length of its longest directed path $\leq \frac{2n}{3}+2\lceil\sqrt{n/3}\rceil+5$. This implies that such a graph Gadmits a VFCR in a grid with non-trivial size bound. This non-trivial size bound also applies to the vertex-vertex contact representation [2,3] for a large class of 2-connected bipartite planar graphs.
Production and Trapping of Ultracold Polar Molecules

We report a set of experiments aimed at the production and trapping of ultracold polar molecules. We begin with samples of laser-cooled and trapped Rb and Cs atoms, and bind them together to form polar RbCs molecules. The binding is accomplished via photoassociation, which uses a laser to catalyze the sticking process. We report results from investigation of a new pathway for photoassociation that can produce molecules in their absolute ground state of vibrational and rotational motion. We also report preliminary observations of collisions between these ground-state molecules and co-trapped atoms.
Black Desire, Theatrical Jazz, and River See

The complexities of Black desire can be understood anew through the lens of theatrical jazz. The fluidity of time and space that characterizes theatrical jazz opens a space for a self-determined Black desire that is situated outside of prescriptions about what Black desire might be.
Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Immunologic Status on Hepatitis C Virus Quasispecies Diversity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patients

This study analyzes the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and thus immunologic status, on hepatitis C virus (HCV) load and quasispecies diversity in patients coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HCV. Three cohorts of coinfected patients were analyzed retrospectively over a period of 7 to 10 months: group A was antiretroviral drug naive at baseline and then on HAART for the remainder of the study, group B did not receive antiretroviral therapy at any point, and group C was on HAART for the entire study. HCV quasispecies diversity was analyzed by sequencing hypervariable region 1. In a longitudinal analysis, there was no significant change from baseline in any immunologic, virologic, or quasispecies parameter in any of the three groups. However, in comparison to groups A and B, group C had significantly higher CD4+- and CD8+-cell counts, a trend toward a higher HCV load, and significantly increased number of HCV clones, entropy, genetic distance, and ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site to synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ka/Ks). In addition, CD4+-cell count was positively correlated with HCV load, genetic distance, and Ka. Interestingly, patients infected with HCV genotype 2 or 3 had a significantly higher CD4+-cell count, HCV load, genetic distance, and Ka/Ks than those infected with genotype 1. These results suggest that there is no immediate effect of HAART on HCV but that, with prolonged HAART, immune restoration results in an increase in HCV load and quasispecies diversity.
Two Sequential Studies for Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma: Induction with Weekly Cisplatin Followed by either Cisplatin–Doxorubicin–Cyclophosphamide or Paclitaxel–Cisplatin

Abstract Objectives. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the results of therapy with induction with weekly cisplatin followed by the combination of cisplatin–doxorubicin–cyclophosphamide (PAC) or the combination paclitaxel–cisplatin (TP) as first-line chemotherapy in patients with primary peritoneal adenocarcinoma (PPA). Methods. Between October 1988 and July 1996, 46 patients with PPA were treated with PAC ( n = 25) or TP ( n = 21) following cytoreductive surgery in two sequential trials. In trial 1, patients received induction with weekly cisplatin (1 mg/kg) × 4 followed by monthly cisplatin (50 mg/m 2 ), cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m 2 ), and doxorubicin (50 mg/m 2 ) for 10 cycles. In trial 2, patients received induction with weekly cisplatin (1 mg/kg) × 4 followed by monthly cisplatin (75 mg/m 2 ) and paclitaxel (135 mg/m 2 ) over 24 hr for 6 cycles. Surgical assessment of response was performed in 15 (60.0%) and 13 (61.9%) patients in the PAC and TP trials, respectively. Estimated survival and progression-free survival distributions were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier. Survival curves were compared using the log rank test. Results. There were no significant differences between patients in either treatment arm with respect to median age, substage, percentage of patients undergoing optimal cytoreductive surgery, median preoperative CA125 values, performance status, proportion of patients who had second-look procedures, or median cumulative doses of cisplatin. The incidence of nausea and vomiting as well as peripheral neuropathy was significantly higher among patients who received TP ( P = 0.005 and 0.022, respectively). The overall response, surgical response, and complete surgical response were not statistically different among patients who received PAC and those who received TP (62.5% versus 70.0%, P = 0.75, 73.3% versus 76.9%, P = 0.1, and 13.3% versus 23.1%, P = 0.64, respectively). Patients who underwent optimal cytoreductive surgery demonstrated higher response than patients whose tumors could not be optimally cytoreduced (76.7% versus 42.9%, P = 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival or time to progression/recurrence between the PAC and TP groups (median 21.5 versus 24.0 months, P = 0.68, and 17.3 versus 24.0 months, P = 0.59, respectively). In both treatment groups combined, 18 of 32 patients whose tumors were optimally cytoreduced and 3 of 14 patients whose tumors were suboptimally cytoreduced had surgically verified response. Patients who underwent optimal cytoreductive surgery exhibited longer survival than those who underwent suboptimal cytoreductive surgery (median 29.4 versus 18.6 months, P = 0.008). Conclusions. Both PAC and TP regimens are effective combinations in patients with PPA. The median survival was similar following PAC and TP but the responses and time to recurrence/progression were nonsignificantly better in the paclitaxel combination.
A retrospective study of personality variables associated with fibrocystic disease and breast cancer

Women with breast cancer were compared to women with fibrocystic disease and healthy women to determine differences in self-perceptions of personality characteristics. Four standardized personality instruments were analyzed using analysis of covariance. An Adjective Check List was analyzed using logistic regression. Women with breast cancer were found to be more depressed, less aggressive and less demonstrative than women in the other two groups. Women with fibrocystic disease and with breast cancer were found to have higher needs for neatness and order and were found to be less curious and analytical than women in the healthy group. Women in the healthy group described themselves as calm, relaxed, outgoing and able to express anger. Women in the fibrocystic group described themselves as tense, restless, outgoing and expressing anger. Women in the breast cancer group described themselves as timid, non-assertive, non-competitive, calm, easy going and as keeping anger inside.
COMBINE*: An integrated opto-mechanical tool for laser performance modeling

Accurate modeling of thermal, mechanical and optical processes is important for achieving reliable, high-performance high energy lasers such as those at the National Ignition Facility [1] (NIF). The need for this capability is even more critical for high average power, high repetition rate applications. Modeling the effects of stresses and temperature fields on optical properties allows for optimal design of optical components and more generally of the architecture of the laser system itself. Stresses change the indices of refractions and induce inhomogeneities and anisotropy. We present a modern, integrated analysis tool that efficiently produces reliable results that are used in our laser propagation tools such as VBL [5]. COMBINE is built on and supplants the existing legacy tools developed for the previous generations of lasers at LLNL but also uses commercially available mechanical finite element codes ANSYS or COMSOL (including computational fluid dynamics). The COMBINE code computes birefringence and wave front distortions due to mechanical stresses on lenses and slabs of arbitrary geometry. The stresses calculated typically originate from mounting support, vacuum load, gravity, heat absorption and/or attending cooling. Of particular importance are the depolarization and detuning effects of nonlinear crystals due to thermal loading. Results are given in the form of Jones matrices, depolarization maps and wave front distributions. An incremental evaluation of Jones matrices and ray propagation in a 3D mesh with a stress and temperature field is performed. Wavefront and depolarization maps are available at the optical aperture and at slices within the optical element. The suite is validated, user friendly, supported, documented and amenable to collaborative development. * COMBINE stands for Code for Opto-Mechanical Birefringence Integrated Numerical Evaluations.
Pay-performance sensitivity and firm size: Insights from the mutual fund industry

Abstract I examine the ex ante decision to make an agent's pay-performance sensitivity an inverse function of organization size. I focus on mutual funds and their decision to use compensation contracts that reduce the advisor's marginal compensation as the fund grows (a declining-rate contract) over the dominant contract type, where marginal compensation is unrelated to fund size (a single-rate contract). I find evidence consistent with the view that declining-rate contracts are a mechanism to keep marginal compensation in line with the advisor's declining marginal product. Specifically, I find that funds with greater exposure to diseconomies of scale are more likely to use a declining-rate contract and to specify a greater amount of compensation decline in their contracts. Consistent with optimal contracting, I find no evidence of a performance difference between funds with declining-rate contracts and funds with single-rate contracts.
Literary Authority and the Modern Chinese Writer: Ambivalence and Autobiography

Throughout the twentieth century, Chinese writers have confronted the problem of creating a new literary tradition that both maintains the culturally unique aspects of a rich heritage and succeeds in promoting a new modernity. In the first book-length treatment of the topic, Wendy Larson examines the contradictory forms of authority at work in the autobiographical texts of modern Chinese writers and scholars and the way these conflicts helped to shape and determine the manner in which writers viewed themselves, their texts, and their work. Larson focuses on the most famous writers associated with the May Fourth Movement, a group most active in the 1920s and 1930s, and their fundamental ambivalence about writing. She analyzes how their writing paradoxically characterized textual labor as passive, negative, and inferior to material labor and the more physical political work of social progress, and she describes the ways they used textual means to devalue literary labor. The impact of China's increasing contact with the West-particularly the ways in which Western notions of "individualism" and "democracy" influenced Chinese ideologies of self and work-is considered. Larson also studies the changes in China's social structure, notably those linked to the abolition in 1905 of the educational exam system, which subsequently broke the link between the mastery of certain texts and the attainment of political power, further denigrating the cultural role of the writer.
Coarse Master Equation from Bayesian Analysis of Replica Molecular Dynamics Simulations

We use Bayesian inference to derive the rate coefficients of a coarse master equation from molecular dynamics simulations. Results from multiple short simulation trajectories are used to estimate propagators. A likelihood function constructed as a product of the propagators provides a posterior distribution of the free coefficients in the rate matrix determining the Markovian master equation. Extensions to non-Markovian dynamics are discussed, using the trajectory “paths” as observations. The Markovian approach is illustrated for the filling and emptying transitions of short carbon nanotubes dissolved in water. We show that accurate thermodynamic and kinetic properties, such as free energy surfaces and kinetic rate coefficients, can be computed from coarse master equations obtained through Bayesian inference.
Comparison of Total and Cardiovascular Death Rates in the Same City During a Losing Versus Winning Super Bowl Championship

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were changes in death rates when a local football team participated in the Super Bowl. Los Angeles (LA) played in the Super Bowl twice: on January 20, 1980 (LA Rams vs Pittsburgh Steelers, which LA lost), and on January 22, 1984 (LA Raiders vs Washington Redskins, which LA won). Data from LA County were analyzed for all-cause and circulatory death rates for the Super Bowl and the following 14 days when LA played (Super Bowl–related days) and control days (from January 15 to the end of February for 1980 to 1983 and 1984 to 1988). The Super Bowl–related days during LA's losing 1980 game were associated with higher daily death rates in LA County (per 100,000 population) for all deaths (2.4482 vs 2.0968 for control days, p
A camac handler for RT-11

Abstract A CAMAC handler for the RT-11 extended memory monitor is described. It permits CAMAC programs to run as virtual jobs, thus exploiting the full power of the extended memory monitor. For example, two CAMAC programs, each using its maximum 32K word virtual address space, may run in foreground/background mode. A LAM synchronized and terminated general multiple action is introduced to minimize the operating system overhead.
Detecting intersection of two convex polygons in parallel

). If so then we assign one processor to each edge ofQ′ (respectively P′) and find one edge on upper and one edge on lower convex hull chain of Q′ (respectively P′) so that the x-coordinate P max.x (respectively Q max .x) is between the x-coordinates of the endpoints of the edge. Then P max (respectively Q max) is interior point of Q′ (respectively P′) if and only if it is below the upper edge and above the lower edge.If P max (or Q max) is interior point of Q′ (respectively P′) then we are done since the intersection is nonempty. Otherwise we assign one processor to each pair of one edge from P′ and one edge from Q′. Also, we assign one processor to each pair of one vertex on P′ and one edge on Q′ (also one edge on P′ and one vertex of Q′) and to each pair of vertices taken one from P′ and one from Q′. Then exactly one information appears on exactly one processor and it has one of the following “nature”the corresponding pair of edges assigned to the processor intersect and the intersection is the uppermost point of intersection,there is no vertex of P′ nor Q′ which lies in the area between normals on segment p(i)q(j) joining two assigned vertices p(i) from P′ and q(j) from Q′,there is no vertex of P′ nor Q′ which lies in the area between straight line passing through an edge p(i - √n)p(i) of P′ (similarly for Q′) assigned to the processor and straight line parallel to the edge passing by the vertex q(j) of Q′ (respectively P′) assigned to the considered processor, and the perpendicular from the point q(j) to the edge p(i - √n)p(i) separates p(i - √n) and p(i).Note that i) is easily unique case of P′ and Q′ intersect and P max and Q max are not interior points of Q′ (P′) since each edge has information about coming from upper or lower convex hull chain.If obtained information is of nature in case i) then we are done since P″ and Q″ intersect. However, in cases ii) and iii) there still can be an intersection. But, it is easy to show that the intersection can appear only between convex polygons P″ = (p(i - √n),p(i - √n + 1),…,p(i),…,p(i + √n)) and Q″ = (q(j - √n),q(j - √n + 1),…,q(j),…,q(j + √n). But, detecting this intersection is just algorithm considered above applied on polygons P″ and Q″ with O(√n) vertices each.Thus, the algorithm terminates in constant time on a CREW PRAM. The proof of correctness of explained algorithm is obvious and henceforth omitted.Together with constant time algorithm for finding the distance between two convex polygons [1], we obtain the following result:Given two convex polygons P and Q, in constant time we can determine if they intersect and, if no, determine the minimal distance between them.
Exploiting bibliographic web services with CiTeX

Most digital libraries make extended document metadata available for the purpose of citation. This metadata has commonly been provided in human readable format, but more and more digital libraries are beginning to offer this information in convenient machine readable formats. At the same time, many advances have been made in cataloging and accessing documents and their associated metadata. We are witnessing the early evolution of bibliographic web services. In this paper we introduce an application (CITEX) for compiling bibliographies dynamically from bibliographic web services as they currently exist and we explore some of the challenges associated with providing bibliographic information, suggesting future paths for bibliographic web services.
In situ observations of the early stages of localized corrosion in Type 304 SS using the electrochemical atomic force microscope

In situ, time-lapse images of the early stages of pitting in dilute NaCl solutions, and intergranular corrosion in dilute oxalic acid solutions, have been obtained in Type 304 SS (UNS S30400) using an electrochemical atomic force microscope (ECAFM). A pit was observed to grow from an irregular shape with ledges along the pit walls, to a round pit with an island formation, over a 6-min time span. Grain boundary chromium carbides were exposed, and then partially dissolved, over a 26-min time span. The intergranular corrosion was most prominent along the grain boundary between the carbides, rather than between the carbides and the matrix, leaving the carbides intact via ligaments of matrix material. This study demonstrated the usefulness and complexities in using the ECAFM for studying the early stages in pitting and intergranular corrosion.
Airway closure with two liquid layers

There are several mechanisms which may cause airway closure in the lung. In this paper, we focus on airway closure due to the capillary instability [1]. In Gauglitz and Radke’s study [2], they showed that once the ratio of film thickness to tube radius is larger than 0.12, airway closure could occur. The induced interfacial deformation creates a driving pressure which forces more liquid into a growing bulge. The interface will then deform rapidly towards the end of the closure process due to the presence of large curvatures, which create strong driving pressures and will eventually lead to the formation of a liquid plug. Due to the instability, stresses, including normal and shear stresses on the airway wall, will be induced. The epithelial cells on the inner wall of the airway may be injured by these induced stresses. The purpose of this study is to calculate the wall stresses for a two-layer system and determine if the magnitude of the stresses are sufficient to injure the epithelial cells.© 2011 ASME
Soviet Jewish emigrants: Why are they choosing America?

(1977). Soviet Jewish emigrants: Why are they choosing America? Soviet Jewish Affairs: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 31-46.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide differentially regulates gene and protein expression in trigeminal glia cells: Findings from array analysis

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a multifunctional neuropeptide implicated in inflammatory diseases involving trigeminal ganglion nerve activation. Within trigeminal ganglia, satellite glia and Schwann cells are found in close association with neuronal cell bodies and fibers, respectively, and are known to express functional CGRP receptors. The goal of this study was to use array analysis to provide a more comprehensive understanding of CGRP regulation of inflammatory proteins and genes in trigeminal glia. Primary trigeminal ganglia cultures enriched for glia were treated with 500 nM CGRP for 8 or 24 h. CGRP caused a >3-fold increase in the level of 19 cytokines 8 h after CGRP treatment and the levels of each of these cytokines remained significantly elevated over basal unstimulated levels at 24 h. While mRNA levels of many genes involved in mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling were increased 8 h after CGRP treatment, the number of responsive genes was greatly increased at 24 h. Specifically, CGRP was shown to temporally regulate expression of multiple MAP kinases as well as numerous MAP kinase-responsive genes including transcription factors, scaffold/anchoring proteins, and cell cycle proteins. Thus, our data provide evidence of an emerging role of CGRP as an important modulator of trigeminal ganglion glia by stimulating cytokine release as well as inducing expression of a diverse array of proteins involved in MAP kinase signaling.
Estimating regional pore pressure distribution using 3D seismic velocities in the Dutch Central North Sea Graben

The application of the empirical Eaton method to calibrated sonic well information and 3D seismic interval velocity data in the southeastern part of the Central North Sea Graben, using the Japsen (Glob. Planet. Change 24 (2000) 189) normal velocitydepth trend, resulted in the identification of an undercompacted and overpressured zone within the shaly Lower North Sea Group. Calculated overpressures near the bottom part of the group increase from east to west, from 3.5 to 5.5 MPa, that is in the direction of increasing sedimentary loading rates in Pliocene - Quaternary times. This ability of the application of sonic and 3D seismic velocity in empirical methods to assess the spatial distribution of overpressures in such shaly units is of importance because measured pressure data are usually not available for shaly sections. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.