cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geophysical and isotopic constraints on crustal structure related to mineral trends in north-central Nevada and implications for tectonic history

We combined information from Sr and Pb isotope data and magnetotelluric models to develop a new magnetic and gravity interpretation of the crustal structure of north-central Nevada to better understand the origin of mineral trends. The new interpretation suggests a crustal structure that is composed of Precambrian continental crust, transitional crust, and primarily oceanic crust that are separated by northwest- and northeast-striking fault zones. The magnetic expression of the buried Precambrian continental crust is recognized for the first time. Low magnetic values primarily reflect magnetite-poor crystalline crust rather than elevated temperatures at depth. Northwest- and northeast-striking crustal boundaries are defined by isotopic data and abrupt gradients in gravity and magnetic data. The Carlin and Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral trends are associated with two of three northwest-striking boundaries. The Carlin boundary is primarily defined by a change in density and isotopic character of the lower to middle crust. The Battle Mountain-Eureka boundary coincides with a density contrast in the upper crust and a change in isotopic character in the lower to middle crust. Magnetotelluric models suggest that the Battle Mountain-Eureka boundary represents a crustal fault zone for most of its extent, but that deep-rooted faulting is more complex near and northwest of Battle Mountain. Crustal fault zones inferred from the magnetotelluric models near the Carlin trend are oblique to it, suggesting that they may not have been controlled by the deep boundary seen in the gravity and isotopic data. The third northwest-trending boundary is related to the western edge of the buried Precambrian continent in west-central Nevada, but lacks an associated mineral trend. A northeast-striking boundary forms the northern limit of Precambrian continental and transitional crust. The boundaries may have originated as rift or transform faults during Precambrian breakup of Rodinia or as faults accommodating lateral movements or accretion during later Paleozoic tectonic events. Comparing the crustal structure to tectonic elements produced by successively younger events shows that it had a profound influence on subsequent sedimentation, deformation, magmatism, extension, and most important, mineralization.
Distribution of 3H-estradiol in clomiphene-treated and neonatally androgenized rats.

The effects of clomiphene on the distribution of radioactivity 1 hr after intravenous injection of 3H-estradiol were determined in adult female rats 48 hr after ovariectomy. Because clomiphene competitively blocks uptake of estradiol by specific receptors, this procedure identified tissues and brain areas with high concentrations of estradiol receptors. Having determined those tissues containing receptors, the effect of neonatal testosterone treatment on 3H-estradiol distribution was investigated in a second study, in order to determine which receptor areas, if any, are affected by androgenization. Clomiphene treatment significantly reduced tissue:plasma ratios of radioactivity in uterus, anterior pituitary and anterior hypothalamus to 10, 8 and 35 %, respectively, of ratios in rats not injected with clomiphene, thus showing that these tissues contain high concentrations of estradiol receptors. Tissue'.plasma ratios of radioactivity also showed that posterior hypothalamus, prehypothalamic area, septum and...
Flow velocity in the superficial lymphatic network of the mouse tail

The present study had two goals: 1) to establish an animal model in which a large network of the initial lymphatics of the skin can be investigated in vivo and 2) to measure effective flow velocity (defined as axial component of the flow velocity) in the lymph capillary network of the skin for the first time. A fluorescence microlymphography technique was used to stain the lymph capillaries in the superficial layer of the skin of the nude mouse tail in 10 female animals (mean age 45.8 +/- 2.4 days; mean wt 21.2 +/- 0.8 g). With the use of densitometric image analysis, effective flow velocity along the tail was measured. The network consisted of a honeycomb-like layer of hexagonally shaped meshes that could be stained in all animals. Effective lymph flow velocities were in the range of 1.4-20.4 microns/s with a mean value of 7.7 +/- 5.9 microns/s; median value was 6.2 microns/s (4.5-10.5; 25 and 75% percentiles). This new animal model allows studies of a large network of lymph capillaries in the skin and should provide new insight into the physiology and pathophysiology of the initial lymphatics.
Where are the food animal veterinarian shortage areas anyway

In 2010 the United States implemented the Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program (VMLRP) to address perceived regional shortages in certain veterinary occupations, including food animal practice. With county as the unit of analysis, this paper describes a pair of models to evaluate factors associated with being designated a private practice shortage area in 2010. One model is used to explain food animal veterinarian location choices so as to provide an objective evaluation of comparative shortage. The other model seeks to explain the counties chosen as shortage areas. Model results are then used to evaluate the program. On the whole the program appears to perform quite well. For several states, however, VMLRP shortage designations are inconsistent with the food animal veterinarian location model. Comparative shortage is generally more severe in states that have no VMLRP designated private practice shortage counties than in states that do.
Transcendental and interpolation methods in simultaneous system design

Let us begin by asking ourselves the following question - "Does there exist three single input single output proper plants of degree 1 with the property that every pair of plants in the above triplet is simultaneously stabilizable by some dynamic compensator but the triplet is simultaneously unstabilizable by any dynamic compensator." Of course the above question is primarily of theoretical interest; however, it illustrates one of the salient features of the simultaneous stabilization problems which we now explain.
Kennzahlen der Personalwesens

Zur Planung, Steuerung und Kontrolle des Personalwesens auf der Basis der Personalkostenplanung ist es notwendig, Personalkennzahlen heranzuziehen, wobei man dabei auf absolute und relative Kennzahlen zuruckgreifen kann.3
Synthesis and monoamine transporter affinity of 3′-analogs of 2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4′-iodophenyl)tropane (β-CIT)

Abstract The 3′-iodo positional isomer of 2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4′-iodophenyl)tropane (β-CIT) and other 3′-substituted analogs were synthesized and evaluated for binding to monoamine transporters in rat forebrain and membranes of cell lines selectively expressing human transporter genes. All 3′-substituted compounds displayed affinity for both serotonin (SERT) and dopamine (DAT), but much less for norepinephrine transporters (NET), with selectivity for rat (r) or human (h) SERT over NET, but only 3′-iodo-substituted phenyltropanes showed selectivity for SERT versus DAT. The 3′-iodo, N-methyl analog of β-CIT (7) displayed 29-fold selectivity and high affinity for hSERT (Ki=9.6 nM) over hDAT (Ki=279 nM), and its nor-congener (8) showed even higher hSERT potency (Ki=1.2 nM) and selectivity over DAT (415-fold).
American ginseng is an anti-oxidant that prevents and treats colitis

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 3067 Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a dynamic, idiopathic, chronic inflammatory condition associated with an increased colon cancer risk. American ginseng is a putative anti-oxidant. The aim of this study was to test whether American ginseng extract prevents and treats colitis. Colitis in mice was induced by the presence of 1% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the drinking water. American ginseng extract was mixed in the chow at levels consistent with that consumed by humans (75 ppm, equivalent to 835 mg daily). To test prevention, American ginseng extract was given prior to the addition of 1% DSS in drinking water; to test treatment, American ginseng extract was given after the addition of 1% DSS and onset of colitis. In vitro studies were performed to examine mechanisms. Results indicate that American ginseng extract not only prevents, but it treats colitis. Mucosal and DNA damage associated with colitis is at least in part a result of an oxidative burst from overactive leukocytes. We therefore tested the hypothesis that American ginseng extract can inhibit leukocyte activation, and subsequent epithelial cell DNA damage in vitro and in vivo . Results are consistent with this hypothesis. The use of American ginseng extract represents a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of UC. These results provide important preliminary data supporting an expansion of testing American ginseng in patients with UC to abate this disease.
Perspectives in Anticancer Plant Research

Pharmacognosy, the science of medicinal plants, was born in the nineteenth century from rich traditions of plant remedy use in folk medicine and the historical clinical experience of officinal medicine. Numerous plant species have been reputed by ethnomedicines from around the globe to possess antitumor properties, alleviate symptoms of disease and improve conditions of cancer patients. Systematic study of medicinal plant anticancer properties began in the second half of the twentieth century with the development of stable cell lines. In the 1950th and 1960th, extensive screening of mytotoxic and antiproliferative properties was performed on a multitude of plant compounds in search of agents that could efficiently suppress cell growth. Mitotoxic alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, and several other plant compounds identified in these studies were introduced into clinical practice for the treatment of haematological and solid tumors. However, the overall outcome of this massive screening was largely disappointing. Only a fraction of ‘anticancer’ plants displayed high antiproliferative activity on tumor cells in culture, while activities of the vast majority of plant metabolites turned out to be low, as compared to those of chemically synthesized drugs.
Engineered absorption enhancement and induced transparency in coupled molecular and plasmonic resonator systems.

Coupled plasmonic resonators have become the subject of significant research interest in recent years as they provide a route to dramatically enhanced light-matter interactions. Often, the design of these coupled mode systems draws intuition and inspiration from analogies to atomic and molecular physics systems. In particular, they have been shown to mimic quantum interference effects, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Fano resonances. This analogy also been used to describe the surface-enhanced absorption effect where a plasmonic resonance is coupled to a weak molecular resonance. These important phenomena are typically described using simple driven harmonic (or linear) oscillators (i.e., mass-on-a-spring) coupled to each other. In this work, we demonstrate the importance of an essential interdependence between the rate at which the system can be driven by an external field and its damping rate through radiative loss. This link is required in systems exhibiting time-reversal symm...
Very low intravenous contrast volume protocol for computed tomography angiography providing comprehensive cardiac and vascular assessment prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic kidney disease

Abstract Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a lifesaving procedure for many patients high risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high in this population, and thus a very low contrast volume (VLCV) computed tomography angiography (CTA) protocol providing comprehensive cardiac and vascular imaging would be valuable. Methods 52 patients with severe, symptomatic aortic valve disease, undergoing pre-TAVR CTA assessment from 2013–4 at Columbia University Medical Center were studied, including all 26 patients with CKD (eGFR Results VLCV patients had mean (±SD) age 86 ± 6.5, BMI 23.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2 with 54% men; SCV patients age 83 ± 8.8, BMI 28.7 ± 5.3 kg/m2, 65% men. There was excellent intra- and inter-observer agreement for annular and root measurements, and excellent agreement with 3D-transesophageal echocardiographic measurements. Both radiologists found diagnostic-quality vascular imaging in 96% of VLCV and 100% of SCV cases, with excellent inter-observer agreement. Conclusions This study is the first of its kind to report the feasibility and reproducibility of measurements for a VLCV protocol for comprehensive pre-TAVR CTA. There was excellent agreement of cardiac measurements and almost all studies were diagnostic quality for vascular access assessment.
Pancreatic secretion to peptic ulcer. II. Effect of hypoglycemia with and without pancreatectomy.

Summary1. Dogs were maintained in a state of hypoglycemia by the administration of insulin. 2. These animals were divided into 2 equal groups. The animals of one group were pancreatectomized. 3. Half the animals of each group developed ulcers. 4. The absence of peptic ulcer formation in patients suffering from islet cell tumors and hypoglycemia is discussed.
Design of Quality Traceability System for Aquatic Product Wholesale Market Based on Web Service

In this paper,the quality traceability system for aquatic product wholesale market was introduced into aquatic product wholesale markets of a certain scale,based on the combination of bar code technology,radio frequency identification technology and database technology,in order to solve the problems of perishableness of the aquatic products and the logistic and information flow in current wholesale markets.With this system,the products could be controlled from the time they entered into the market to the time they got out of the market,therefore the purchase certificates claiming,quality inspection and electronic transactions management of the aquatic products could be realized.The users could trace the circulation information of the aquatic products they bought from the wholesale market easily by the information contained in the single-dimensional and two-dimensional barcode on the traceability label.
Hybrid intelligent optimal control for alumina evaporation processes

The key technical index,namely,alkaline solution concentration of alumina evaporation process,can not be measured on-line.Moreover,it is usually difficult to describe the dynamics characteristic between the techniques indices and the control loops by using an accurate mathematical model.Thus,the existing optimal methods can not solve the optimal control for operation of the alumina evaporation process.In this paper,a hybrid intelligent optimal control method is developed.The proposed method is comprised of a presetting model based on case-base reasoning(CBR),soft sensor model based on recursive partial least squares(RPLS),feedforward and feedback compensators based on expert rules.Simulation is researched by the actual data of the alumina evaporation process.The simulation results show that the proposed methods can control the alkaline solution concentration within their scopes.
Gonadal karyotyping in women with and without ovarian activity

Results of gonadal karyotyping on 26 patients with cyclic or acyclic ovarian activity and hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism are presented. Gonadal culture growth, with the exception of tissue from polycystic ovaries, was usually successful. With one exception, leukocytic and gonadal karyotypes were concordant. Normal ovarian function did not appear to be limited to ovaries of the 46,XX karyotype.
Patient Race and Provider Predict Patient Satisfaction Following Post-Mastectomy Breast Reconstruction

BACKGROUND Post-mastectomy breast reconstruction is commonly performed in the United States with numerous options available to patients and providers. This study evaluated patient race and provider in prediction of patient satisfaction following post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. METHODS The patient satisfaction for women who underwent post mastectomy breast reconstruction at University of California, Irvine Medical Center was evaluated between 2012 and 2014, randomly using Press Ganey Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) surveys. Patient demographics and surgery related variables including type of reconstruction received were determined. RESULTS
Post-oral sugar detection rapidly and chemospecifically modulates taste-guided behavior.

Several recent studies have shown that post-oral sugar sensing rapidly stimulates ingestion. Here, we explored the specificity with which early-phase post-oral sugar sensing influenced ingestive mo...
Liberals Test the Workplace Constitution in the Courts

“If the Fifth Amendment precludes segregation ... in public education, it necessarily precludes segregation ... of Negro firemen.” Joseph Rauh “To the Colored Firemen ... Employed on the Central of Georgia Railway,” read the notice the Firemen’s Brotherhood posted in the spring of 1953. In 1951, Congress had amended the Railway Labor Act to allow union shops. After overcoming two years of resistance from the railroads, the Firemen’s Brotherhood was about to enforce its new union shop agreement. All eligible firemen would have to join the union or face dismissal. Given the brotherhood’s history of running African Americans off the rails, whether through workplace lynchings or discriminatory agreements, the railway’s black firemen had reason to worry. Many of them had recently asked to join the brotherhood but, as the notice reminded them, the “constitutional requirements of the Brotherhood does [ sic ] not permit you to become members thereof.” The union shop agreement, the notice nonetheless reassured them, provided that “no employee refused membership in the Brotherhood shall be dismissed.” Even if the Firemen’s Brotherhood could be trusted, its reassurance no longer sufficed. When the Supreme Court decided the Steele and Tunstall railroad cases in 1944, Charles Houston described the decisions as laying the “ground work” for a future challenge to “the right of the railroad unions to ... [exclude] Negroes from membership.” Houston was felled in 1950 by a heart attack before achieving his ultimate goal. His clients, for their part, remained ambivalent about membership in the brotherhood, reasoning that they would be better off in their independent all-black unions than as a minority in the historically hostile, all-white Firemen’s Brotherhood. A. Philip Randolph did not share their ambivalence, however. Randolph had been committed to fighting for equality from within organized labor since affiliating his Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters with the AFL in 1928. During the 1950s, he devoted himself to ending the color bar to union membership.
BEHAVIOR IN THE FACE OF UNCERTAINTY

This chapter focuses on the approaches developed to handle decision-making in the face of uncertainty. A decision-maker's rewards are determined as a consequence of his actions and the state of nature that prevails. The state of nature that is relevant to the decision-making environment is denoted s , while the action variables which the decision-maker controls are summarized in an action vector α. The joint specification of action and state leads to a reward, r , valued by the decision-maker according to the function r = ρ ( α, s ). The decision-maker may be unable to learn the state before he is forced to take an action. The decision-maker must protect himself by selecting the action that leads to the best consequence given that nature takes the state that generates the worst consequence for that act. This model is called the maximin criterion. Maximin is open to the criticism that it is too cautious as strategy and assumes nature to be antagonistic.
A multiobjective approach to cost effective long-term groundwater monitoring using an elitist nondominated sorted genetic algorithm with historical data

This study presents a methodology for quantifying the tradeoffs between sampling costs and local concentration estimation errors in an existing groundwater monitoring network. The method utilizes historical data at a single snapshot in time to identify potential spatial redundancies within a monitoring network. Spatially redundant points are defined to be monitoring locations that do not appreciably increase local estimation errors if they are not sampled. The study combines nonlinear spatial interpolation with the nondominated sorted genetic algorithm (NSGA) to identify the tradeoff curve (or Pareto frontier) between sampling costs and local concentration estimation errors. Guidelines are given for using theoretical relationships from the field of genetic and evolutionary computation for population sizing and niching to ensure that the NSGA is competently designed to navigate the problem's decision space. Additionally, both a selection pressure analysis and a niching-based elitist enhancement of the NSGA are presented, which were integral to the algorithm's efficiency in quantifying the Pareto frontier for costs and estimation errors. The elitist NSGA identified 34 of 36 members of the Pareto optimal set attained from enumerating the monitoring application's decision space; this represents a substantial improvement over the standard NSGA, which found at most 21 of 36 members.
Dicopper Cu(I)Cu(I) and Cu(I)Cu(II) Complexes in Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition.

A discrete, dicopper μ-alkynyl complex, [Cu2(μ-η1:η1-C≡C(C6H4)CH3)DPFN]NTf2 (DPFN = 2,7-bis(fluoro-di(2-pyridyl)methyl)-1,8-naphthyridine; NTf2– = N(SO2CF3)2–), reacts with p-tolylazide to yield a dicopper complex with a symmetrically bridging 1,2,3-triazolide, [Cu2(μ-η1:η1-(1,4-bis(4-tolyl)-1,2,3-triazolide))DPFN]NTf2. This transformation exhibits bimolecular reaction kinetics and represents a key step in a proposed, bimetallic mechanism for copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The μ-alkynyl and μ-triazolide complexes undergo reversible redox events (by cyclic voltammetry), suggesting that a cycloaddition pathway involving mixed-valence dicopper species might also be possible. Synthesis and characterization of the mixed-valence μ-alkynyl dicopper complex, [Cu2(μ-η1:η1-C≡C(C6H4)CH3)DPFN](NTf2)2, revealed an electronic structure with an unexpected partially delocalized spin, as evidenced by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Studies of the mixed-valence μ-alkynyl complex’s reacti...
Coupled cell networks: Boolean perspective

During the 1980s and early 1990s, Martin Golubitsky and Ian Stewart formulated and developed a theory of "coupled cell networks" (CCNs). Their research was primarily focused onquadrupeds' gaits and they applied the framework of differential equations. Golubitsky and Stewart were particularly interested in change of synchrony between $4$ legs of an animal. For example what happens when the animal speeds up from walk to gallop. The most important concept of their theory is a {\it cell}. The cell captures the dynamics of one unit and a dynamical system consists of many identical (governed by the same principles) cells influencing (coupling to) each other. Models based on identical cooperating units are fairly common in many areas, especially in biology, ecology and sociology. The goal of investigation in Coupled Cell Networks theory is understanding the dependencies and interplay between dynamics of an individual cell, graph of connections between cells, and the nature of couplings. \vspace*{0.2em} In this paper, I redefine Coupled Cell Networks using framework of Boolean functions. This moves the entire theory to a new setting. Some phenomena proved to be very similar as for continuous networks and some are completely different. Also, for discrete networks we ask questions differently and study different phenomena. The paper presents two examples: networks that bring 2-cell bidirectional ring as a quotient and networks that bring 3-cell bidirectional ring as a quotient.
Scaling Statelessness: Absent, Present, Former, and Liminal States of Somali Experience in South Africa

This study analyzes how Somalis in South Africa perceive states and statelessness, and how their assertions of authority based on statelessness come into confrontation with competing antiforeigner claims, producing differentiated spatial domains of opportunity. Claims to the legal condition of statelessness provide putative Somalis—including other eastern African migrants who embed themselves in Somali-dominated neighborhoods and economic networks—protection as refugees in South Africa. Nevertheless, statelessness takes on multidimensional and competing meanings as South Africans accuse refugees of embodying the chaos attributed to their countries of origin, and as migrants mobilize claims to belonging that describe forms of stateness as differentially present and absent rather than uniformly encompassing. Somali migrants’ experiences in urban South Africa's segregated landscapes highlight ways in which assertions about state presence and absence travel across scaled spatial frames (from nation-states to migrant neighborhoods and individual bodies), and shape patterns of collective action and opportunity within differentiated spaces. Foregrounding assertions involved in scale- and place-making imaginaries, I argue that statelessness, like the state, may at times function as an assertion that generates spatial domains and structures life opportunities in these domains.
Improving the reliability of mass spectrometry measurements of peptide-zinc(II) binding constants

Abstract Thorough investigation of the many metal complexes of biological importance is highly dependent on the analytical techniques used to detect them. Nanoflow Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry can be used to accurately measure peptide-zinc (II) binding constants if appropriate ionization source hardware is utilized. Binding constants for model systems have been determined with a mass spectrometer equipped with a glass nanoflow ESI emitter and compared to published results determined via other analytical methods, including isothermal calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy. Binding (or formation) constants of 3.6 (±0.9) × 104 M−1 and 6.7 (±0.4) × 104 M−1 were determined for the (1–16) and (1–28) β-Amyloid fragments, respectively, in reasonable agreement with published values. These results highlight the important role mass spectrometry can play in the continued use of a slate of analytical techniques for the characterization of metal-binding peptides and proteins.
Social and Collaborative Information Seeking

The social and collaborative aspects of information seeking described in the previous chapters are often hard to separate. This chapter presents the notion of social and collaborative information seeking (SCIS ) that attempts to study both of those aspects at the same time. There are two main reasons to bring the areas of social information seeking (SIS ) and collaborative information seeking (CIS ) together: it is often difficult to separate a project’s social and collaborative dimensions, and their combination could greatly improve our ability to support human information behavior. This chapter will first present a brief synthesis of SIS and CIS work. Next, it will consider SCIS as a new field that integrates and extends SIS and CIS . The chapter will explore the many benefits of this approach and finally present a research agenda that outlines the opportunities and challenges unique to SCIS .
Membrane potential-dependent uptake of the 18F-triphenylphosphonium - A new voltage sensor for detecting mitochondrial dysfunction after burn injury

1207 Objectives Mitochondrial dysfunction has been closely related to many physiological and pathological processes, such as cellular apoptosis. Alterations in organelle membrane potential trigger mitochondrial dysfunction. 18F- triphenylphosphonium (18F-TTP), is a mitochondria-targeting radiopharmaceutical agent. We hypothesized that the uptake of 18F-TTP might be used to detect the functional status of mitochondria and apoptosis. Methods In the current study, we used the PC-3 cell line to assess the uptake of 18F-TTP co-administered with the the standard voltage sensor 3H-tetraphenylphosphonium (3H-TPP) ex vivo measured under various conditions that are well known to alter mitochondrial membrane potential : different extra-cellular K concentrations, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) incubation, and staurosporine. For in vivo studies, groups of 6 C57/BL6 mice were subjected to full thickness 30% total body burn injury, on their backs. At 24h after injury the mice were injected with 100μCi of 18F-TTP and biodistribution was measured. Results We found that stepwise membrane depolarization by K resulted in a linear decrease in 18F-TTP cellular uptake, with a slope 0.64±0.07 and a correlation coefficient of 0.92±0.08. Stepwise selective collapse of mitochondria membrane potential by CCCP treatment caused a substantial decrease in cellular uptake for 18F-TTP compared with control. Exposure to staurosporine, which is known to collapse mitochondrial membrane potential, lead to a remarkable decrease in 18F-TTP uptake compared with control (15.7±3.8% v.s 4.5±1.2%, p Conclusions 18F-TTP is a promising new voltage sensor for detecting mitochondrial dysfunction, and burn-induced apoptotic status in organs.
Multimodal Measurements of Single-Molecule Dynamics Using FluoRBT.

Single-molecule methods provide direct measurements of macromolecular dynamics, but are limited by the number of degrees of freedom that can be followed at one time. High-resolution rotor bead tracking (RBT) measures DNA torque, twist, and extension, and can be used to characterize the structural dynamics of DNA and diverse nucleoprotein complexes. Here, we extend RBT to enable simultaneous monitoring of additional degrees of freedom. Fluorescence-RBT (FluoRBT) combines magnetic tweezers, infrared evanescent scattering, and single-molecule FRET imaging, providing real-time multiparameter measurements of complex molecular processes. We demonstrate the capabilities of FluoRBT by conducting simultaneous measurements of extension and FRET during opening and closing of a DNA hairpin under tension, and by observing simultaneous changes in FRET and torque during a transition between right-handed B-form and left-handed Z-form DNA under controlled supercoiling. We discover unanticipated continuous changes in FRET with applied torque, and also show how FluoRBT can facilitate high-resolution FRET measurements of molecular states, by using a mechanical signal as an independent temporal reference for aligning and averaging noisy fluorescence data. By combining mechanical measurements of global DNA deformations with FRET measurements of local conformational changes, FluoRBT will enable multidimensional investigations of systems ranging from DNA structures to large macromolecular machines.
Case 7: Smell of Burning in the Operating Room

A 65-year-old man (ASA 2) is undergoing a transurethral resection of the prostate under spinal anesthesia. Adequate regional anesthesia is established and no sedation is given at the patient’s request. Nasal oxygen 2 L/min is provided throughout the procedure. The patient’s legs, abdomen, and thorax are covered with sterile paper drapes. The surgeon encounters difficulty in passing the urethral scope. He disconnects the fiber-optic illumination system (FIS) and leaves it unprotected over the level of the pubic symphysis on the drapes. The surgeon cannot pass the scope and asks the scrub nurse for another. A few minutes later, the patient tells you, “I seem to smell burning.” You cannot smell anything, but after putting your nose near the patient’s head, you also smell smoke. What will you do? What can the problem be?
Racial and Other Sociodemographic Disparities in Terrorism Sting Operations

Previous research suggests a high prevalence of entrapment in post-9/11 terrorism sting operations, but it is unknown whether entrapment abuses are disproportionately targeted at specific racial/et...
Does setting specific goals and providing feedback during training result in better acquisition of laparoscopic skills

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether setting specific goals and providing feedback stimulates trainees to improve their laparoscopic skills. Two groups of eight fourth-year medical students practiced on a MIST-VR trainer, a black box laparoscopic suturing trainer, and computer-based training modules for 30 minutes, twice a week for 3 weeks. A precourse assessment of laparoscopic and open suturing skills and performance of MIST-VR tasks was obtained. Students in group A were given specific goals to achieve and were provided feedback. Group B was given no specific goals or feedback. At the end of the course, seven different tasks and skills were evaluated and subjectively scored during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an animal laboratory. A higher number of students in group A completed 10 or more repetitions in the MIST-VR than in group B. The groups showed no difference in final MIST-VR or overall scores in the animal laboratory. The only different scores between groups were for the use of the nondominant hand (NDH). The initial scores in the acquired cut task (ACT) in the MIST-VR correlated well with the performance in the animal laboratory. Setting goals and providing feedback tended to motivate students to practice more compared with the self-directed group. There was no difference in final MIST-VR scores or the performance in the animal laboratory, except for the NDH. The best predictor of performance was initial ACT score.
Women in Transition: A Qualitative Analysis of Definitions of Poverty and Success.

A phenomenological approach examined the stories of ten women transitioning from childhood poverty to adult life. Women were chosen from a pool of participants in an Upward Bound program designed to assist low-income and/or first-generation college students in the Midwestern United States. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to retrospectively explore their lived experiences. Recurring themes included facilitators of change, specifically the people, including mental health professionals, family members, romantic partners, and friends who helped make change possible. Another frequent theme found in the research was the impact an education had on the participants. Finally, the participants shared their own insights related to the stigma of poverty and their diverse experiences in transitioning away from poverty. Research findings could prove beneficial to social service professionals interested in understanding the complex realities of resilient, impoverished women.
Application of the Unfairness Doctrine to Marketing Communications on the Internet

The increased usage of marketing communications on the internet has presented a number of significant business ethics issues. And, while regulatory agencies have increased their vigilance in protecting consumers from injury, the uniqueness of business via the internet has challenged these agencies to respond in evolving ways. This paper provides a brief overview of the application of the FTC's lesser known unfairness doctrine as a potential framework for better understanding emerging privacy and e-commerce issues, and specific examples are provided for illustration.
Evaluation of NaF PET/CT, FDG PET/CT, combined NaF/FDG PET/CT and CT alone for detection of bone metastases

586 Objectives FDG PET/CT is established in clinical practice for the initial cancer staging and the subsequent monitoring of response to therapy. NaF can be used as a PET/CT tracer for the detection of sclerotic skeletal metastases. The combined administration of NaF and FDG in a single PET/CT scan may improve patient convenience and reduce healthcare costs in selected patients. However, it has not been compared to CT alone for the detection of bone metastases. Methods This is a retrospective review of 51 patients with biopsy-proven cancer who underwent separate NaF PET/CT, FDG PET/CT and combined NaF/FDG PET/CT scans (3 scans per patient) at our institution. There were 39 men and 12 women, 19-84 year-old (average 53.9 ± 16.3). The 3 PET/CT scans were performed within a 2-week period for each patient. A direct comparison for detected bone metastases was performed between the 3 PET/CT scans and CT alone for each patient. Results The sensitivities, specificities, PPV and NPV for CT alone, 18F NaF PET/CT, 18F FDG PET/CT and combined 18F NaF/18F FDG PET/CT scans are presented in the attached table below. Overall, the combined scan performed better than any of the separate scans or the CT alone for identification of bone metastases. Conclusions We showed that combined NaF/FDG PET/CT detects more bone metastases than CT alone, and without loss of sensitivity in comparison to standard FDG PET/CT. The simultaneous use of NaF/FDG PET contributed greatly to the degree of concordance between scintigraphy and radiography, as the majority of CT-detected lesions missed on FDG PET were subsequently detected by NaF PET. These findings provide a strong clinical rationale for the use of combined NaF/FDG PET/CT in the management of selected oncologic patients, and should be further validated in larger cohorts
Reconnaissance and Extraction of Agricultural Produce (R.E.A.P)

Agriculture has been one of the earliest fields of study known to mankind and has been known to be a very manual and resource heavy task. Thankfully, with the advancements in technology today, many processes in this field have been automated and made convenient to farmers and plant managers worldwide. However, although technology and science have come a long way to improve the task of harvesting naturally grown fruits or vegetables, the process remains highly manual and requires a high skill level to perform careful selection of fresh produce. Large amounts of manpower and man-hours are used to navigate through plantations which may have difficult terrain. Our proposal describes a solution using the latest in technology with a variety of sensors capable of performing data analysis in a field or plantation with as little human interaction as possible to greatly reduce the manpower and high skill requirement necessary to replace the conventional harvesting process for fruits or vegetables.
Depression in HIV-Infected Adults: Newer Concepts

HIV infection is commonly accompanied by clinical or subclinical neurological involvement. Thus, it is not surprising that psychological and psychiatric complications of disease are commonly seen. While suicidality is perhaps less commonly seen than initially thought, depressive symptomatology is common in adults with HIV infection and reflects a complex interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors. Depression accounts for a significant proportion of somatic symptoms in individuals with early HIV infection, but is most prevalent in people with progressive disease and those who are most disenfranchised. Fortunately, a variety of antidepressants has been demonstrated to ameliorate depressive symptoms in this population, although HIV-infected persons are at higher risk of adverse effects from psychoactive medications. During the past several years, advances in antiretroviral therapy have markedly improved the long term prognosis of HIV disease. These developments have altered the perception of this illness as an invariably terminal disease, but have created new concerns and questions for infected individuals that may cause more short term psychological distress.
Building a Disciplined, Rigorous Center in Comparative Politics

In the lead article of an important symposium on the future of comparative politics, Peter Evans offered a strong defense of what he calls the "the eclectic, messy center" in the field, located between general theory and deep immersion in cases. This article takes Evans’ idea one step further by proposing to build a "disciplined, rigorous center," situated between (a) recent innovations in method and theory that have greatly enriched the field; and (b) qualitative, case-study methods that have traditionally been the strength of comparative politics. Building this middle ground requires dialogue between quantitative and qualitative methods; incorporation of research tools and insights from the field of comparative-historical analysis; and interaction between theory-driven research and the inductive learning that can grow out of field research.
Improved diagnostic yield for lung nodules with digital tomosynthesis‐corrected navigational bronchoscopy: Initial experience with a novel adjunct

Background and objective The diagnostic yield of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is inferior to that of computed tomography (CT)-guided needle biopsy for pulmonary nodules. One explanation for this is divergence between the nodule location on the pre-procedure CT scan and its actual location during the procedure. Fluoroscopic ENB (F-ENB) consists of digital tomosynthesis using a conventional C-arm to re-register the target lesion based on near real-time imaging. We performed a retrospective review of ENB cases at our institution before and after introduction of F-ENB to assess diagnostic yield. Methods All consecutive ENB procedures performed at our institution from 25 December 2017 to 25 August 2018 were reviewed. F-ENB was introduced on 25 April 2018. Two cohorts were analysed: standard ENB (S-ENB) from 25 December 2017 to 24 April 2018 and F-ENB from 25 April 2018 to 25 August 2018. All procedural, demographic and diagnostic data were collected. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, Wilcoxon test and Student's t-test were used where appropriate. A multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with diagnostic yield. Results A total of 101 and 67 nodules were biopsied in the S-ENB and F-ENB groups, respectively. Diagnostic yield was 54% in S-ENB cohort and 79% in the F-ENB group (P = 0.0019). Factors independently associated with a positive diagnosis were F-ENB and a positive radial ultrasound view (odds ratio (OR): 3.57, 95% CI: 1.56-8.18 and OR: 3.74, 95% CI: 1.37-11.05, respectively). Complications were minimal (pneumothorax: 1.5%). Conclusion The use of F-ENB may increase the diagnostic yield of ENB and has a low complication rate.
Walk to a better night of sleep: testing the relationship between physical activity and sleep

Abstract Objectives Many do not sleep well, particularly middle-aged and older adults. Physical activity (PA) shows promise for improving sleep; however, populations with clinical sleep disturbances have been a research focus. It remains unclear whether low-impact daily PA, like walking, can affect sleep in healthy adults. Design The current study was embedded within a 4-week randomized controlled trial to increase PA. Setting Participants from the greater Boston area were recruited to participate in a 4-week walking intervention on a rolling basis between October 2015 and August 2016. Participants Fifty-nine participants (72% female) were enrolled in the study, with an average age of 49.43 (±8.40) years. Intervention The 4-week intervention was aimed at increasing participants’ daily steps as the primary outcome. The current, supplementary study examined relationships between monthly and daily PA and sleep. Measurements Steps and active minutes were measured daily using a Fitbit Zip. Self-reports of sleep quality and duration were assessed daily, along with before and after the intervention. Results and conclusions Averaged across the month, daily active minutes were positively related to sleep quality but not duration. Sex moderated this relationship; women who took more steps and were more active reported sleeping better than those less active. Within persons, on days that participants were more active than average, they reported better sleep quality and duration in both sexes. Results suggest that low-impact PA is positively related to sleep, more so in women than men. Findings also showed that PA plays a greater role in predicting sleep quality than duration.
“It helps create and enhance a community”: Youth motivations for making portfolios

ABSTRACTYouth portfolios are curated collections of projects that highlight learning across settings over time. Key challenges for harnessing portfolios in broader assessment efforts include the ne...
Temporal Response of Fast and Ultrafast Inorganic Scintillators

Ultrafast inorganic scintillators with excellent radiation hardness are required for future HEP experiments at the energy and intensity frontiers as well as GHz hard X-ray imaging for the proposed MaRIE project. In this paper, we present an investigation on temporal response of fast and ultrafast inorganic scintillators. Temporal response of BaF2:Y, BaF2, YAP:Yb, YAG:Yb, ZnO:Ga, Ga2O3, YAP:Ce, LYSO:Ce, LuYAP:Ce, LuAG:Ce, YSO:Ce and GAGG:Ce was measured by ultrafast MCP-PMTs using cosmic rays and 510 keV γ-rays from a Na-22 source at Caltech, and by 30 keV X-ray bunches of 27 and 50 ps length at the Advanced Photon Source facility of Argonne National Laboratory. Their application for future HEP experiments and GHz hard X-ray imaging is discussed.
Paper Versus Practice: A Field Investigation of Integrity Hotlines

In an effort to motivate firms to more rapidly detect potential misconduct, legislators, regulators, and enforcement agencies incentivize firms to have integrity or “whistleblowing” hotlines. These hotlines provide individuals an opportunity to report alleged misconduct and seek guidance about how to appropriately respond. Beyond some isolated examples, little is known about the responsiveness of hotlines to actual claims of alleged misconduct. I undertake a field study to investigate how hotlines function in practice by making four different inquiries involving alleged misconduct to nearly 250 firms. I find that one‐fifth of firms have impediments (e.g., phone line disconnected, email bounce back, direct to incorrect website) that hinder reporting and approximately 10% of firms do not respond in a timely manner. Overall, this investigation illuminates several differences between integrity hotlines “on paper” and how they actually perform in practice.
The environmental justice implications of managing hazardous fuels on federal forest lands

U.S. federal government agencies play an important role in mitigating some risks posed to communities by natural hazard events, especially communities with high proportions of low-income or minorit...