cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testing a selective tidal-stream transport model: Observations of female blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) vertical migration during the spawning season

Female blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, mate in estuaries and undergo a seaward spawning migration to release larvae. According to the prevailing model, females with mature embryos use nocturnal ebb-tide transport (ETT) to move seaward, release larvae, and then reverse to nocturnal flood-tide transport (FTT) to move back into the estuary. We tested this model by examining the vertical migratory behavior of ovigerous and post-larval release female crabs. Simultaneous physical‐biological data were collected for 38 d during Aug 2002‐Sep 2002 in Bogue Sound, North Carolina. Crab water-column positions were determined with miniature internally recording pressure sensors. Local current and water properties were measured, and crab vertical migration times relative to observed currents were used to determine ETT and FTT behavior. Surface censuses of free-swimming crabs on 19 nocturnal ebbs were used to complement the intensive studies of individual crabs. The study found that (1) the pressure sensors had a measurable but small effect on swimming, (2) females migrated during day and night ebb tides, (3) females used ETT throughout embryo development, (4) ETT corresponded to the rate of decrease in water level (hydrostatic pressure), (5) larvae were released at high tide or when water level was falling, often within several hours of sunrise, and (6) post-larval release females continued ETT and did not switch to FTT. Thus, the data did not support the prevailing ETT-FTT reversal model. Rather, females continue ETT into coastal areas, releasing subsequent clutches farther seaward, which increases the potential for successful larval transport to favorable offshore developmental areas.
Logic synthesis for programmable gate arrays

The problem of combinational logic synthesis is addressed for two interesting and popular classes of programmable gate array architecture: table-lookup and multiplexer-based. The constraints imposed by some of these architectures require new algorithms for minimization of the number of basic blocks of the target architecture, taking into account the wiring resources. The presented algorithms are general and can be used for both of the above-mentioned architectures. >
Semantic integration of information in a physician's workstation

Abstract Patient care is an information-intensive activity, yet physicians have few tools to effectively access and manage patient data. We studied physicians' information needs in an outpatient clinic, and developed a prototype physician's workstation (PWS) to address those needs. The PWS provides integrated access to patient information and uses embedded domain knowledge to enhance the presentation of clinical information to the physician. All the applications in the PWS share a common patient context, defined by the state of the internal patient model — semantic integration. Relevant data are presented together and higher-order alerts are generated by combining notable events with relevant data from the patient context. Semantic integration allows us to present and to operate on all patient data in a given patient's context, significantly enhancing the effectiveness with which information is presented to the physician.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF SEX DIFFERENCES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND ELDER MISTREATMENT IN A CHINESE COMMUNITY POPULATION

SUMMARY Background: Elder mistreatment (EM) is a global health issue, and prior studies have indicated that EM is common in urban Chinese populations. The objective of this study was to examine sex differences in socio- demographic and psychosocial factors associated with EM in a community-dwelling population. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 141 women and 270 men aged ≥ 60 years was performed in a community-dwelling Chinese population. The variables collected included EM, sociodemographic character- istics, and psychosocial measures of depression, loneliness and social support. Results: Overall, 59 (41.8%) women and 86 (31.9%) men had experienced EM. For women, there were no major differences in the sociodemographic characteristics between those with and without EM. For men, those with EM were more likely to be younger, have a lower education level and income, and have more children. Comparisons of women and men with and without EM indicated that both women and men with EM had higher levels of depression and loneliness and lower levels of social support. Among women and men with EM, women had lower levels of education, and were less likely to be married, less likely to live in the city, more likely to stay at home, more likely to feel helpless, and more likely to need companionship and someone to listen to. Conclusion: The sociodemographic characteristics associated with EM differed between men and women. Lower levels of psychosocial measures were associated with EM in both men and women. Among those with EM, there are significant sex differences across these sociodemographic and psychosocial factors. (International Journal of Gerontology 2008; 2(4): 206-214)
A framework for variation discovery and genotyping using next-generation DNA sequencing data

Recent advances in sequencing technology make it possible to comprehensively catalogue genetic variation in population samples, creating a foundation for understanding human disease, ancestry and evolution. The amounts of raw data produced are prodigious and many computational steps are required to translate this output into high-quality variant calls. We present a unified analytic framework to discover and genotype variation among multiple samples simultaneously that achieves sensitive and specific results across five sequencing technologies and three distinct, canonical experimental designs. Our process includes (1) initial read mapping; (2) local realignment around indels; (3) base quality score recalibration; (4) SNP discovery and genotyping to find all potential variants; and (5) machine learning to separate true segregating variation from machine artifacts common to next-generation sequencing technologies. We discuss the application of these tools, instantiated in the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK), to deep whole-genome, whole-exome capture, and multi-sample low-pass (~4×) 1000 Genomes Project datasets.
Yorkie Promotes Transcription by Recruiting a Histone Methyltransferase Complex

Hippo signaling limits organ growth by inhibiting the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie. Despite the key role of Yorkie in both normal and oncogenic growth, the mechanism by which it activates transcription has not been defined. We report that Yorkie binding to chromatin correlates with histone H3K4 methylation and is sufficient to locally increase it. We show that Yorkie can recruit a histone methyltransferase complex through binding between WW domains of Yorkie and PPxY sequence motifs of NcoA6, a subunit of the Trithorax-related (Trr) methyltransferase complex. Cell culture and in vivo assays establish that this recruitment of NcoA6 contributes to Yorkie's ability to activate transcription. Mammalian NcoA6, a subunit of Trr-homologous methyltransferase complexes, can similarly interact with Yorkie's mammalian homolog YAP. Our results implicate direct recruitment of a histone methyltransferase complex as central to transcriptional activation by Yorkie, linking the control of cell proliferation by Hippo signaling to chromatin modification.
Increased serum procollagen III aminoterminal peptide in myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis has been shown to involve an increase in type III collagen in the marrow. The aminoterminal procollagen III (PC III) peptide fragment is released during the production of PC III by fibroblasts and its serum level is therefore a marker for type III collagen synthesis. Using a recently developed sensitive radioimmunoassay, serum levels of PC III peptide were measured in 30 patients with myeloproliferative disease and 23 normal volunteers. Levels were found to be elevated above normal values in patients with polycythemia vera, even more elevated in patients with polycythemia and evidence of secondary myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, and most strikingly elevated in patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and severe marrow fibrosis. There was a significant association between serum levels of PC III peptide and the extent of reticulin fibrosis in bone marrow biopsies. Serum PC III level appears to be a quantitative marker for myelofibrosis.
Falls in the aged.

A fall is a major problem for the elderly person. Finding that a patient has a history of falls should lead to an aggressive investigation to search for treatable causes. The investigation should be based on a functional approach that emphasizes the underlying medical problems that contribute to falling, the psychologic reactions of the patient to having fallen, and the hazards of the patient's environment. Functionally oriented interventions may decrease further falls even when specific causes are elusive. Language: en
The Future of Southern Grasslands: Outline of a Strategy

I rode with Ann Johnson, plant ecologist with the Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI), and Wilson Baker, one of the finest all-round naturalists in north Florida, in Wilson’s pickup truck. The truck was loaded with books, boots, nets, binoculars, plant press, and other tools of the naturalist’s trade. It was late October 2010, deep in Jackson County in the Florida Panhandle. We traveled the dirt road up the hill, around the edge of large quarry, and then up a steeper hill through dense second-growth woods until the road became a narrow jeep trail and the trees that had fallen across it were too big to move out of the way. A chain saw was one tool Wilson hadn’t brought along. We parked and continued up the hill on foot, identifying plants along the way. It was cool enough for jackets, the early morning sun casting diagonal rays through the many layers of leaves. We were headed uphill to visit the largest and best remaining example of a Jackson glade, one of two subtypes of the upland glade natural community (the other is Gadsden glades, in Gadsden County). Wilson and Ann are experts on upland glades, one of the rarest natural communities in North America.
An Analysis of Bare and Reflected Metal Critical Assemblies Using ENDF/B Data

An analysis of five metal critical assemblies constructed at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is described in this paper. Nuclear data based on ENDF/B Versions 1 and 2 and the DSN method are us...
To Compassion Organize or Not to Compassion Organize, That is the Question - Exploring the Micro-Foundational Mechanisms of Compassion Organizing

In their seminal paper on compassion organizing, Dutton et al. (2006) analyze a case study with potentially restricted external validity. To explore the conditions under which their processual theory will hold, I adhere to Stinchcombe's (1991) suggestion and examine the micro-foundations of this collective process. I develop a perspective of compassion as a communicative act and explore the conditions and boundaries of compassion organizing at the dyadic level. Focusing on the mechanisms of compassion activation and compassion mobilization, I develop a typology of compassion-related organizing. As such I am able to clarify the concept of compassion organizing and provide insights into its general applicability. This can help explain the current levels of compassion organizing and how they could be increased.
An Innovative Use of Case Conference to Teach Future Educators in Addiction Psychiatry

Objective An innovative course was developed for fellows enrolled in the Yale School of Medicine Addiction Psychiatry program to educate them in key principles of adult learning, apply these principles in a case conference presentation, and to improve skills in providing and receiving feedback. Methods An initial training module on educational skills was followed by individual mentorship to prepare a case presentation. A feedback module provided space to learn and practice skills in feedback delivery. Results The program showed positive results and improved confidence levels of the participants in presenting and providing/receiving feedback. Conclusions Implementing a course designed to improve teaching and feedback skills is feasible in a 1-year Addiction Psychiatry fellowship.
Detection of Low-Level Copper-Contamination on Silicon Surfaces by Drop Nucleation

Nucleation and growth of liquid drops from the vapor can be used to locate efficiently surface inhomogeneities such as topological defects, oxide patches, metallic impurities, organic contamination, and particles. In this study, nucleation of water drops was used to investigate the surfaces of copper-contaminated silicon substrates. Hydrogen-terminated silicon (111) substrates were dipped into copper-contaminated ultrapure water and exposed to supersaturated water vapor. The amount of copper deposited was varied by changing the strength of the solution. Nucleation occurred at vapor pressures close to saturation. Higher densities of nucleated drops appeared on areas with greater concentrations of copper. Using this technique, it was possible to detect copper concentrations as low as 6×1011 atom/cm2. Below this concentration, treated and untreated substrates could not be distinguished. The extreme sensitivity of the technique to background nucleants shows its potential for efficient screening of surfaces for a large range of inhomogeneities.
The Industrial Buyer and the Postchoice Evaluation Process

Models of industrial buyer behavior generally assume that postchoice evaluation of purchased materials serves as an input to the decisionmaker's attitude set, and hence has some effect on subsequen...
Incoherent feedforward motifs as immune change detectors

We speculate that incoherent feedforward loops may be phenomenologically involved in self/nonself discrimination in immune-infection and immune-tumor interactions, acting as \change detectors". In turn, this may result in logarithmic sensing (Weber phenomenon) and even scale invariance (fold-change detection). discuss the mathematical models proposed in these references.) Evidence toward this role of dynamics include the examples of natural killer cells decreased activation under chronic receptor activation, endotoxin tolerance in macrophages, and B and T cell anergy. The tolerance of self {as well as non-self such as commensal bacteria{ is consis- tent with this view, as is the tolerance of slow-growing tumors and even the treatment of allergies by slow desensitization through antigen exposure. This hypothesis remains to be tightened and experimentally veried. Obviously, the existence of autoimmune diseases argues against it, though Pradeu, Jaeger, and Vivier posit that possible explanations for chronic autoimmune disorders might be intermittent (as opposed to constant) exposure to antigens, or autoantigenic drift. Our purpose in this note is not to argue pro or against the merits of the hypothesis, but merely to propose a very simple class of mathematical models that might achieve this type of dynamic discrimination. We provide a phenomenological \toy" model, and suggest possible biological mech- anisms. Our model is based on incoherent feedforward loops (IFFLs), the incoherent path being implemented for example by natural Treg cells at a population level, or by ITIM/ITAM opposing controls at the intracellular level. We speculate that the change-detection features of IFFLs are involved in self vs non-self immune distinctions, thus complementing mechanisms such as kinetic proofreading. This phenomenology might help explain tolerance to self-antigens and immune reac-
Computational study of micromechanical damage behavior in continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites

A comprehensive numerical analysis of micromechanical damage behavior in a continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composite is presented. A three-dimensional micromechanical finite element modeling procedure is developed for effective elastic property estimation and damage evaluation by the example of a composite consisting of a silicon carbide matrix unidirectionally reinforced with silicon carbide fiber (SiC/SiCf). The effect of a fiber/matrix interface on predicted elastic properties of the SiC/SiCf composite is considered. Representative volume element (RVE) models are developed for an SiC/SiCf composite with damageable interfaces. Statistically equivalent RVE models with randomly distributed fibers are generated using a developed algorithm. The statistical variability of fiber and matrix strengths is considered in developing RVE models and assumed to follow a Weibull probability law. A user-material subroutine with an adaptive material constitutive law is developed to predict damage behavior in the RVE. The predicted uniaxial stress versus strain behavior and damage in the composite are discussed.
Enhancement of the Potential Flow Model

Toward the end of Chapter 1 (Section 1.8) it is postulated that many flowfields of interest to the low-speed fluid dynamicist lie in the range of high Reynolds number. Consequently, for attached flowfields, the fluid is divided into two regions: ( a ) the thin inner boundary layer and ( b ) the mainly inviscid irrotational outer flow. Chapters 2–13 are entirely devoted to the solution of the inviscid outer flow problem, which indeed is capable of estimating the resulting pressure distribution and lift due to the shape of the given solid boundaries. The laminar boundary layer model was presented in Chapter 14 as an example for modeling the inner part of the complete flowfield. The methodology for obtaining information such as the displacement thickness, the skin friction on the solid surface and resulting drag force (due to surface friction), and the matching process with the outer flow was demonstrated. However, in real high Reynolds number flows over wings the flow is mostly turbulent and the engineering approach to extend the methodology of Chapter 14 to include turbulent or even separated viscous layer models will be discussed briefly in this chapter. The objective of this chapter is to provide a brief survey of some frequently occurring low-speed (wing-related) flowfields and to help the student to place in perspective the relative role of the potential flow methods (presented in this book) and of the viscous effects in order to comprehend the complete real flowfield environment.
Attitudes Toward Alzheimer's Care-Seeking Among Korean Americans: Effects of Knowledge, Stigma, and Subjective Norm.

Purpose Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) ensures that affected individuals and their caregivers can make appropriate plans for health care needs, yet many ethnic minorities delay seeking care for AD until the disease has progressed. This study examined attitudes toward care-seeking for AD among Korean Americans (KAs) and identified factors affecting their attitudes. Methods A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 234 KA adults. We conducted hierarchical regression analyses to examine the effects of sociocultural background (age, gender, education, cultural orientation), AD knowledge and exposure to AD, and beliefs about AD (stigma of pity, shame, and public avoidance) and AD care (subjective norm) on KAs' attitudes toward seeking AD care from primary care physicians (PCPs) and AD specialists. We also tested whether knowledge of AD moderated the impact of beliefs about AD and AD care on KAs' attitudes toward seeking AD care. Results For both PCPs and AD specialists, the subjective norm had the strongest effect on KAs' attitudes toward care seeking (β = 0.557 for PCPs, β = 0.360 for specialists). Effects of stigma beliefs disappeared in the presence of the subjective norm. AD knowledge moderated the impact of the subjective norm on the attitudes toward both PCPs (β = -1.653) and specialists (β = -1.742). Implications The significance of the subjective norm in KAs' attitudes toward AD care-seeking underscores the importance of public education, and our study suggests that increasing AD knowledge could facilitate a change in public attitudes toward seeking AD care.
Growing Confrontation Between Russia and the West: Russia’s Challenge to the Post-Cold War Order

In the second chapter, ‘Growing Confrontation Between Russia and the West: Russia’s Challenge to the Post-Cold War Order’, Suzanne Loftus and Roger Kanet track the gradual deterioration of Russian-US relations, with emphasis on Russia’s growing resistance to what it sees as direct challenges to Russian interests. Over time, as its resource base improved, Russia has been more assertive in challenging Western initiatives. The confrontation is based not only in part on great power competition but also on very different conceptions of the nature of governance, at both the state and the international levels. Loftus and Kanet are not confident that relations will improve in the near future, short of Western acceptance of Russia’s expanded role in Eurasian and global security.
Visual-Evoked Potentials

One of the important goals of surgical procedures involving the visual pathways (retina, optic nerve (ON), optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus, optic radiation, and occipital visual cortex) is the preservation of visual function and in cases of visual impairment, where possible, its improvement (Banoub et al., Anesthesiology 99:716, 2003; Luo et al., PLoS One 10:e0120525, 2015; Houlden et al., J Clin Monit Comput 28:275–285, 2014; Duffau, Acta Neurochir 153:1929–1930, 2011). With these goals in mind, efforts to evaluate and enhance the usefulness of intraoperative monitoring (IOM) of the visual pathways that began in the early 1970s have continued. Since Wright et al. (Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K 93:311–314, 1973) published their report of continuous intraoperative monitoring of visual pathways, utilizing brief flashes of strobe light to evoke electroretinographic (F-ERGs) and visual-evoked potentials (F-VEPs), during orbital surgery, a number of other researchers have strived to evaluate ways in which to monitor the visual pathways in intraoperative settings (Handel, Ann Plast Surg 2:257–258, 1979; Allen et al., Clin Neurosurg 28:457–481, 1981; Grundy, Anesthesiology 58:72–87, 1983; Albright and Sclabassi, J Neurosurg 63:138–140, 1985; Costa e Silva et al., Neurol Res 7:11–16, 1985; Burrows et al., Anesthesiology 73:632–636, 1990; Sloan, Int Anesthesiol Clin 34:109–136,1996; Duffau et al., Acta Neurochir (Wien) 146:265–269, 2004; Benedicic and Bosnjak, Doc Ophthalmol Adv Ophthalmol 122:115–125, 2011;Benedicic and Bosnjak, Acta Neurochir (Wien) 153:1919–1927, 2011; Landi et al., Clin Neurol Neurosurg 113:119–122; 2011; San-Juan et al., Clin Neurol Neurosurg 113:680–682, 2011; Chung et al., Acta Neurochir (Wien) 154:1505–1510, 2012; Ogawa et al., Acta Neurochir (Wien) 155:1879–1886, 2013; Kamio et al., Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 54:606–611, 2014; Padalino et al., Surg Neurol Int 4:40, 2013).
What mandate? Mediating during warfighting in the Libyan Revolution (2011)

The United Nation’s mediation mandate evolved during the Libyan revolution and was hampered by inconsistent support for the mediation, by other mediation initiatives, including that of the African ...
Forest valuation under the generalized Faustmann formula with taxation

Abstract This article presents the second part of a two-part series on forest taxation and valuation. In this second part, I derive the forest valuation formulas under the generalized Faustmann formula with five types of forest property tax. They are the unmodified property tax, the site value tax, the flat property tax, as well as the gross and net forest productivity taxes. Under the assumption of backward tax shifting, all of the taxes result in lower land expectation values. If the tax does not affect the optimal harvest age empirically, then the value of the standing timber remains the same with or without taxation. When a forest property tax, such as an unmodified property tax, shortens the optimal harvest age, it will also affect the value of the standing timber.
Controlling Biological Time: Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Populations of Circadian Oscillators

In mammals, circadian regulation of gene expression is accomplished within each cell through a transcriptional oscillator commonly modeled by a limit cycle. There has been recent interest in regulating this oscillator by delivering doses of pharmaceuticals or light in a systematic manner. Generally, controller design for circadian manipulation has been formulated by considering the dynamics of a single oscillator representing the average dynamics of the population. We illustrate in this paper that such an approximation can result in desynchronization of circadian oscillators even if the mean dynamics attain desired behavior, due to the range of dynamic responses elicited among oscillators in a population with nonidentical phases. To address this issue, we present herein nonlinear MPC for control of phase and synchrony within a population of uncoupled circadian oscillators, by explicitly predicting the evolution of the phase probability density function. We then demonstrate in silico phase shifting of an example oscillator population while maintaining a high degree of synchrony. The MPC strategy formulated herein is a step toward a detailed, systems approach integrating population effects, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and interactions between different oscillator populations.
Characterization and control of EUV scanner dose uniformity and stability

The EUV source is an impressive feat of engineering that provides 13.5 nm radiation by vaporizing tin droplets with a high power CO2 laser and focusing the photons produced in the resultant plasma into the scanner illumination system. Great strides have been made in addressing the many potential stability challenges, but there are still residual spatial and temporal dose non-uniformity signatures. Since even small dose errors can impact the yieldable process window for the advanced lithography products that are exposed on EUV scanners it is crucial to monitor and control the dose variability. Using on-board metrology, the EUV scanner outputs valuable metrics that provide real time insight into the dose performance. We have supplemented scanner data collection with a wafer based methodology that provides high throughput, high sensitivity, quantitative characterization of the EUV scanner dose delivery. The technique uses open frame EUV exposures, so it is exclusive of lithographic pattern imaging, exclusive of lithographic mask pattern and not limited by placement of metrology features. Processed wafers are inspected rapidly, providing 20,000 pixels of detail per exposure field in approximately one minute. Exposing the wafer on the scanner with a bit less than the resist E0 (open frame clearing dose) results in good sensitivity to small variations in the EUV dose delivered. The nominal exposure dose can be modulated by field to calibrate the inspection results and provide quantitative assessment of variations with < 1% sensitivity. This technique has been used for dose uniformity assessments. It is also being used for long term dose stability monitoring and has proven valuable for short term dose stability follow up investigations.
Development of a rolling finishing system to deliver net shape components from titanium structural extruded shapes

Abstract The high cost of manufacturing with titanium is the predominant barrier to wider adoption of the material into new applications, despite attractive material properties. The manufacture of long structural shaped product for framing applications has largely been relegated to lower cost alternative materials. Producing comparable structures from titanium requires different manufacturing processes due to the material’s response during thermo-mechanical deformation. Traditional bulk rolling of titanium into shapes has proven enigmatic due to the occurrence of shear banding and cracking from significant levels of non-uniform deformation and sensitivities to temperature non-uniformities. The current manufacturing method of long structural shapes is through an extrusion process. The inability to deliver thickness and surface quality dictate the machining of all surfaces to deliver complete components. This machining operation is the most significant cost driver for the components due to material loss and difficulty of machining titanium. This experimental effort proved a novel system, for the processing of titanium, that couples the two processes to deliver capabilities that neither could independently. The coupling of these two systems enabled mitigations of shortcomings of the individual systems. Thicknesses and surface quality aligned with a finished or net shape component were achieved without requiring a machining operation. In the experimental effort, a series of specimen were processed under varying temperature and deformation rates during rolling. These process variables are correlated to resulting material quality and to complexities associated with the coupling of the rolling and extrusion operations.
Patient-reported adherence to statin therapy, barriers to adherence, and perceptions of cardiovascular risk.

Background Patient reports of their adherence behaviors, concerns about statins, and perceptions of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk could inform approaches for improving adherence to statin therapy. We examined these factors and their associations with adherence. Methods We conducted telephone interviews among a stratified random sample of adults receiving statins within an integrated delivery system (N = 730, 81% response rate) in 2010. We sampled equal numbers of individuals in three clinical risk categories: those with 1) coronary artery disease; 2) diabetes or other ASCVD diagnosis; and 3) no diabetes or ASCVD diagnoses. We assessed 15 potential concerns about and barriers to taking statins, and perceived risk of having a heart attack in the next 10 years (0–10 scale). We calculated the proportion of days covered (PDC) by statins in the last 12 months using dispensing data and used multivariate logistic regression to examine the characteristics associated with non-adherence (PDC<80%). Analyses were weighted for sampling proportions. Results Sixty-one percent of patients with PDC<50% reported not filling a new prescription, splitting or skipping statins, or stopping refilling statins in the last 12 months vs. 15% of those with PDC≥80% (p<0.05). The most commonly reported concerns about statins were preferring to lower cholesterol with lifestyle changes (66%), disliking medications in general (59%), and liver or kidney problems (31%); having trouble remembering to take statins (9%) was the most common reason for taking less than prescribed. In multivariate analyses, clinical risk categories were not significantly associated with odds of non-adherence; however, those with higher perceived risk of heart attack were less likely to be non-adherent. Conclusions Patient-reported medication-taking behaviors were correlated with statin PDC and those with lower perceived cardiovascular risk were less likely to be adherent. These findings highlight the importance of eliciting from and educating patients on their adherence behaviors and ASCVD risks.
Ablation of the leptin receptor in myeloid cells impairs pulmonary clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and alveolar macrophage bactericidal function.

Leptin is a pleiotropic hormone produced by white adipose tissue that regulates appetite and many physiological functions, including the immune response to infection. Genetic leptin deficiency in h...
Workflow and efficiency in MRI-based high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer in a high-volume brachytherapy center

Abstract Purpose We report the clinical workflow and time required for MRI-based image-guided brachytherapy (MR-IGBT) of cervical cancer patients in a high-volume brachytherapy center with 10 years of experiences to provide a practical guideline for implementing MR-IGBT into clinical use. Methods and Materials We recorded the time and workflow of each procedure step within the 40 consecutive ring and tandem applicator fractions of MR-IGBT by our multidisciplinary team. We divided the entire procedure into four sections based on where the procedure was performed: (1) applicator insertion under sedation, (2) MR imaging, (3) planning, and (4) treatment delivery. In addition, we compared the current procedure time to the initial procedure time when first implementing MR-IGBT in 2007–2008 via a retrospective review. Results Mean total procedure time was 149.3 min (SD 17.9, ranges 112–178). The multidisciplinary team included an anesthesia team, radiologist, radiation oncologist, nurses, radiation therapists, MRI technicians, dosimetrists, and physicists. The mean procedure time and ranges for each section (min) were as follows: (1) 56.2 (28.0–103.0), (2) 31.0 (19.0–70.0), (3) 44.3 (21.0–104.0), and (4) 17.8 (9.0–34.0). Under current setting, the combined mean procedure time for MR imaging and planning was 63.2 min. In comparison, the same procedure took 137.7 min in 2007–2008 period, which was significantly longer than the current workflow (p Conclusions A skilled and dedicated multidisciplinary team is required for an efficient clinical workflow and delivery of MR-IGBT. Over the years, we have improved efficiency with clinical experience and continuous efforts in staff education.
Reoperative Considerations After Laparoscopic Pelvic Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery has been associated with a number of positive outcomes for the patient: decreased pain, improved cosmesis, shorter hospital stays, and quicker returns to work or baseline activity. Laparoscopic pelvic surgery is technically complex, but utilized more and more frequently as surgeons ascend the learning curve of laparoscopic surgery. Minimally invasive abdominal surgery is major surgery, with all the inherent risks and complications that are seen in open surgery, plus a few complications unique to laparoscopic surgery. The laparoscopic pelvic surgeon needs to recognize the complications, identify those requiring reoperation, and know the best practices for management of those complications. The focus of this chapter is the laparoscopic management of surgical complications in the early postoperative period, which we define as within 30 days of initial surgery.
Effect of Corticosteroid Binding Globulin on the Pharmacokinetics of Prednisolone in Rats

Purpose. The effect of exogenous corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous prednisolone was determined in rats to test the “free hormone hypothesis.”
Questionable transactions as grounds for legalization: Immigration, illegality, and law

By differentiating between legal and illegal movements, transactions, andpersons, legal prohibitions and law enforcement practices create boundaries between legitimate and illegitimate social spheres. Individuals who are located in an illegitimate domain survive at least in part through unauthorized and quasi-illegal practices. The boundaries between legitimate and illegitimate social domains are, however, permeable, making it possible for individuals who have at one time been deemed illegal to at another time claim legitimacy. This paper examines one context in which such claims are made: deportation hearings in a U.S. immigration court. During deportation hearings, undocumented immigrants' prior involvement in questionable transactions can be deemed an indication of poor moral character or of non-credibility. At the same time, such involvement can be overlooked or reinterpreted in ways that permit an undocumented immigrant to pass from illegality to legality. Close attention to such ``readings'' or interpretations reveals that there is a sense in which the proceedings that award and deny legal status are as questionable as other immigration-related transactions.
“Trying Sociology,” Sociology of Knowledge, Surrender-and-Catch

Trying Sociology 1 assembles most of my writings in sociology until about 1970. It has six parts following an introduction that develops five meanings of “trying”: attempting, trying out or on, sitting in trial, trying (adjective), and rendering or separating out impurities.
The Onsager Relations

The classical theory of heat conduction, first proposed by FOURIER and then generalized to crystalline bodies by DUHAMEL in 1828, rests on the constitutive assumption that the heating flux h be a linear function of the temperature gradient: $${\text{h = K(}}\theta {\text{, F) grad }}\theta {\text{,}}$$ (7.1) θ being the temperature and F the gradient of the deformation of some fices reference configuration. The tensor K is the thermal conductivity. A differential equation for the temperature field θ(x, t) is obtained from the balance of energy: $$\rho \dot \varepsilon = w + divh + ps,$$ (2.18)r in which e is the energetic, w is the stress power, and s is the body heaing. this last, s is to be regarded as a given function of position; in most special problems it is assumed to vanish.
Adult High-Grade (Diffuse) Glioma

Malignant gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in adults. Although outcomes have improved over the past decade with the advent of new therapies, they remain aggressive and are usually incurable. Our understanding of the genetic and molecular changes that drive these tumors has grown exponentially due to data gathered by the Cancer Genome Atlas and other groups, and this data is already being translated into new therapeutic strategies. As we move further into the era of personalized medicine, an understanding of the molecular and genetic changes that drive these tumors will be more critical than ever in developing individualized treatment strategies. In this chapter, we will review our current understanding of the biology of these tumors, as well as treatments being used or under investigation to target particular biologic processes.
Nonthermal Plasma Synthesis of Ammonia over Ni-MOF-74

Herein, we demonstrate a synergistic approach with radiofrequency plasma to synthesize ammonia in the presence of Ni-MOF-74 as catalyst. The Ni-MOF displayed higher ammonia yields as compared to the pure Ni metal. Specifically, ammonia yields as high as 0.23 g-NH3 (g-catalyst·kWh)−1 and energy cost of 265 MJ mol–1 over Ni-MOF were observed. The enhanced catalytic activity of the Ni-MOF in the presence of plasma was attributed to the presence of pores, which improved mass transfer of guest and product molecules during reaction, the presence of open Ni metal sites, and lower surface hydrogen recombination. Furthermore, the ammonia energy yield of our plasma-Ni MOF catalyst is superior to those of the state-of-the-art RF plasma catalytic systems.
Why Do People With Depression Use Faulty Emotion Regulation Strategies

Why do people with psychopathology use less adaptive and more maladaptive strategies for negative emotions if such usage has self-destructive consequences? Although researchers have examined the re...
Synthesis of ppGpp impacts type IX secretion and biofilm matrix formation in Porphyromonas gingivalis

In order to persist, bacteria need to adjust their physiological state in response to external and internal cues. External stimuli are often referred to as stressors. The stringent response, mediated by the alarmone (p)ppGpp, is central to the stress response in many bacteria; yet, there is limited knowledge regarding the role of (p)ppGpp signaling in bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes. Like its counterparts in the gut (e.g., Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides fragilis), Porphyromonas gingivalis persists in close association with its human host. Given the potential for numerous perturbations in the oral cavity, and the fact that P. gingivalis can enter and replicate within host cells, we hypothesized that (p)ppGpp is a key signaling molecule for stress adaptation and persistence. Here, we show that accumulation of ppGpp in P. gingivalis is governed by two homologous enzymes, designated Rel, and RshB, and that ppGpp signaling affects growth rate, survival, biofilm formation, production of outer membrane vesicles, and expression of genes encoding type IX secretion structural and cargo proteins. Overall, our findings provide a potential mechanism by which biofilm formation and virulence of P. gingivalis are integrated via ppGpp signaling, a regulatory mechanism central to bacterial survival in dynamic environments.
Behavior of mixed-matrix graphene oxide - Polysulfone membranes in the process of direct contact membrane distillation

Abstract Graphene oxide-polysulfone (GO-PSF) mixed-matrix membranes were prepared by the wet-phase inversion method. The GO content in the membranes was 0.25–2.0 wt%. The membranes were used in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with solutions containing 25,000 mg/L NaCl. The membrane that performed the best was exposed to RO concentrate containing 12,000 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS). The characterization of GO was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy. The morphology of the membranes was studied using SEM. The porosity of the membranes was determined using Image J analysis of the SEM images. The variation in hydrophobicity was studied by measuring the contact angle of the membranes. The performance of the membranes was determined by measuring the permeate flux and salt rejection. SEM images showed enlarged macrovoids while the contact angle showed that GO addition makes the membrane less hydrophilic than the PSF membrane. The membrane containing 2.0 wt% GO offered the best permeate flux; however, the salt rejection and the porosity was higher with the membrane containing 1.0 wt% GO. This indicates that there is a limit in the amount of GO that can be beneficial to the membrane. The membrane with 1.0 wt% GO gave a flux of 20.8 L/m2∙h and 31.9 L/m2∙h when treating the NaCl solution and RO concentrate, respectively, which indicates that GO may help to retain the excess of ions without compromising the efficiency of the membrane and the quality of the water produced. There is room for improvement of the properties of the GO-PSF membrane to make it adaptable to MD as novel GO-based nano-membrane for the treatment of high salinity water such as RO concentrate and produced water.
Longitudinal Human Antibody Repertoire against Complete Viral Proteome from Ebola Virus Survivor Reveals Protective Sites for Vaccine Design.

Summary Evolution of antibody repertoire against the Ebola virus (EBOV) proteome was characterized in an acutely infected patient receiving supportive care alone to elucidate virus-host interactions over time. Differential kinetics are observed for IgM-IgG-IgA epitope diversity, antibody binding, and affinity maturation to EBOV proteins. During acute illness, antibodies predominate to VP40 and glycoprotein (GP). At day 13 of clinical illness, a marked increase in antibody titers to most EBOV proteins and affinity maturation to GP is associated with rapid decline in viral replication and illness severity. At one year, despite undetectable virus, a diverse IgM repertoire against VP40 and GP epitopes is observed suggesting occult viral persistence. Rabbit immunization experiments identify key immunodominant sites of GP, while challenge studies in mice found these epitopes induce EBOV-neutralizing antibodies and protect against lethal EBOV challenge. This study reveals markers of viral persistence and provides promising approaches for development and evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics.
Constitutionalism at the Nexus of Life and Law

This essay introduces a collection of articles gathered under the theme of “law, science, and constitutions of life.” Together, they explore how revolutions in notions of what biological life is ar...
Two-Dimensional Position and Orientation Estimation Using a 5.8 GHz RFID System

Precise estimation of object position and orientation using RF tags is an emerging application of RFID technology. In this work, we present a novel wireless two-dimensional position and orientation estimation and tracking technique that illustrates the concept of sensor fusion —using multiple, disparate sensor measurements to synthesize a single, superior estimate of position and orientation. The technique is implemented using a 5.8 GHz RFID system that consists of three readers and a customized tag equipped with a 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope and 3-axis magnetometer. Received signal strengths and packet-to-packet phase differences at the reader are used to measure radial tag positions and radial tag velocities, and backscattered data packets provide measurements of the tag’s linear accelerations, angular velocities and orientations. A hybrid inertial microwave reflectometry (HIMR) algorithm is used to produce motion-capture grade estimates of tag position and orientation; in experiments, a two-dimensional position accuracy of less than 13 mm was achieved. The HIMR algorithm is designed using physics-based modeling equations, modifications are proposed to accommodate temporary link loss, and observability analyses clarify the foundations of the estimator design method.
Estimated Incidence of Electric Scooter Injuries in the US From 2014 to 2019.

This cross-sectional study uses data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System to assess trends in the prevalence of electric scooter injuries in the US from 2014 to 2019.
Nivolumab-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a Patient with Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Lesson on Hematologic Toxicity from Immunotherapy.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but life-threatening microangiopathic hemolytic anemia characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and ischemic organ damage. It is mainly caused by an autoreactive antibody directed at ADAMTS13. Immunotherapy is frequently associated with autoimmune complications in patients with cancer, but only three cases of TTP have been reported, none implicating single treatment with the anti-programmed cell death receptor 1 ligand antibody nivolumab. We present the first identified and reported case of nivolumab-associated TTP in a 51-year-old woman with stage IIIc anal carcinoma who achieved complete response following chemoradiation and received adjuvant nivolumab as part of a randomized clinical trial. Twelve weeks into treatment, she presented with dark urine, progressive fatigue, and headache. TTP diagnosis was based on laboratory evidence of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and ADAMTS13 activity of 9% associated with an inhibitor. She was treated with daily plasma exchange and oral prednisone and responded well to treatment, with platelet counts over 100 K/cmm within 4 days. We reviewed and summarized data from all reported cases of TTP associated with cancer immunotherapy. We provide guidance on identification and management of this devastating hematologic complication, focusing on the importance of early recognition, as most patients achieve complete recovery with appropriate treatment. KEY POINTS: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was originally excluded from previous reviews of hematologic immune-related adverse events; however, several cases have been reported in the past 2 years in patients treated with either single agent or combination of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and the programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) or the PD-1 ligand inhibitors. Although rare, TTP is a life-threatening condition that could be challenging to diagnose, and early recognition is key as delayed treatment is associated with significant increase in mortality. The pathophysiology of immunotherapy-induced TTP is likely related to autoimmune inhibition of ADAMTS13; the addition of prednisone and rituximab to urgent plasmapheresis appears to be effective and should be part of the up-front management for these patients.
Drugs used to treat joint and muscle disease

Abstract Musculoskeletal disorders have a very diverse aetiology. They have a significant impact on each individual sufferer's quality of life and society as a whole. The last three decades have seen revolutionary changes in the management of autoimmune-related muscle and joint disorders due to the introduction of biologics. Management of spasticity disorders remain challenging, although implantable technology has broadened mode of delivery.