cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationships Among Strain, Performance, and Environmental Temperature in Commercial Laying Hens

Abstract The performance of 14.7 million commercial layers in 203 different flocks, located throughout the U.S. and representing 11 different White Leghorn strains was recorded and summarized. The records included weekly averages of hen day egg production, egg weight, feed and water consumption, dietary ME, BW, temperature, and mortality from 25 to 60 wk of age. These production characteristics were compared among age groups, strains, and strain groups in which each age group represented a 5-wk increment, and each strain group represented the light, medium, and heavy strains. The distribution of flock-weeks by age group and temperature revealed a similar curve for all age groups; however, in general the younger flocks were kept at lower temperatures. The overall average temperature was 24.3°C and ranged from 15 to 30°C for individual flock weeks. Weekly feed consumption varied from 50.9 to 145.7 g/d and was correlated with BW, which varied from 1.12 to 1.91 kg/bird. Weekly egg production varied from 60.7 to 97.7%, and egg weights varied from 49.8 to 68.1 g/egg. A 7% difference in BW and a 39% difference in BW gain were noted between the heavy and light strain groups. Mortality was highest for the medium weight strain group. Negative correlations were observed between temperature vs. ME intake, hen-day egg production, and BW gain. Similarly, egg weight was negatively correlated to hen-day egg production and BW gain. The data described herein gave an indication of normal performance of commercial laying hens in the U.S. for a 9-yr period, 1992 to 2000, and should prove useful in development and testing of deterministic simulation equations.
A Review of: “Carolyn Knight. Introduction to working with adult survivors of childhood trauma.”

It is with great enthusiasm that I write this review of Carolyn Knight's new book, Introduction to Working with Adult Survivors of Childhood Trauma. Knight has done a wonderful job of writing a boo...
A conserved major groove antideterminant for Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNase III recognition.

Rnt1p, the only known Saccharomyces cereVisiae RNase III double-stranded RNA endonuclease, plays important roles in the processing of precursors of ribosomal RNAs and small nuclear and nucleolar RNAs and in the surveillance of unspliced pre-mRNAs. Specificity of cleavage by Rnt1p relies on the presence of RNA tetraloop structures with the consensus sequence AGNN at the top of the target dsRNA. The sequences of 79 fungal RNase III substrates were inspected to identify additional conserved sequence elements or antideterminants that may contribute to Rnt1p recognition of the double-stranded RNA. Surprisingly, U-A sequences at the base pair adjacent to the conserved terminal tetraloop (closing base pair) were found to be absent from all but one inspected sequence. Analysis of chemically modified variants of the closing base pair showed that the presence of exocyclic groups in the major groove of purines 3' to the last nucleotide of the tetraloop inhibits Rnt1p cleavage without strongly inhibiting Rnt1p binding. We propose that these groups interfere with the recognition of the RNA substrate by the catalytic domain of Rnt1p. These results identify exocyclic groups of purines in the major groove downstream of the tetraloop as a major antideterminant in S. cereVisiae RNase III activity, and suggest a rationale for their apparent counter selection in RNA processing sites. Double-stranded RNA endonucleases from the RNase 1 III family participate in the processing of a large number of
Face alignment robust to occlusion

In this paper we present an approach to robustly align facial features to a face image even when the face is partially occluded. Previous methods are vulnerable to partial occlusion of the face, since it is assumed, explicitly or implicitly, that there is no significant occlusion. In order to cope with this difficulty, our approach relies on two schemes: one is explicit multi-modal representation of the response from each of the face feature detectors, and the other is RANSAC hypothesize-and-test search for the correct alignment over subset samplings of those in the feature response modes. We evaluated the proposed method on a large number of facial images, occluded and non-occluded. The results demonstrated that the alignment is accurate and stable over a wide range of degrees and variations of occlusion.
Tick (Acari) infestations of bats in New Mexico.

Abstract A total of 278 bats belonging to 16 species was examined for ticks from various sites in New Mexico from 1994 to 1998. Seven species of bats were parasitized by ticks: larvae of Ornithodoros kelleyi Cooley & Kohls, Ornithodoros rossi Kohls, Sonenshine & Clifford (Argasidae), or both. Both species of ticks are reported from New Mexico for the first time. Infestation prevalences for parasitized bats ranged from 2 to 25% on different host species for O. kelleyi and from 7 to 25% for O. rossi. The pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus, and the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, were parasitized by both tick species. No distinct host specificity was noted for either tick species.
Preparation and Analyses of Implicit Attitude Measures: Challenges, Pitfalls, and Recommendations

Implicit measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the Personalized-IAT can be useful tools for studying automatic processes and socially sensitive topics. But their reliance on reaction time data comes with issues for data preparation and analysis. Dealing with reaction time data can be complex – exacerbated by many steps and available alternatives. Greenwald et al. (2003) offer guidelines for handling IAT data. However, these guidelines are often cited with little information as to which steps and alternatives were chosen. This provides latitudes of freedom for researchers to choose the version that is most likely to give desired results, not necessarily the one that best reflects the data or matches other work. This manuscript reports what happens when steps in data cleaning and analysis are omitted or changed, finding variations in relationships between variables and the potential for significance tests to change depending on the version used.
Citizenship, Professionalization, and Regulatory Transformations in the United States

Private individuals and associations were heavily involved in early American regulatory policy, particularly with respect to enforcement. The growth of administrative agencies, which employed professionals to mediate disputes between citizens and their regulatory targets, partly dislodged such citizen action. It was also discouraged by the displacement of common-law regulation with statutes. Whereas common law blurred the distinction between public and private action, statutory regulation relied on public officials to apply general rules and procedures. This paper addresses the changing character of citizen participation by examining anti-smoke agitation before and after the creation of the smoke inspector, a specialist who claimed expert knowledge of the functioning of smoke-generating equipment. While the smoke inspector was the product of a campaign rooted in common-law regulation, anti-smoke activists soon discovered that the smoke inspector was an autonomous actor who could chart his own regulatory course. Hence, anti-smoke agitators became ambivalent toward the regulatory process. While they appreciated the creation of the office of smoke inspector and the legitimacy it conferred, they lamented their decreasing role in the regulatory process itself. Reduced to prodding inspectors to act, anti-smoke movements stagnated during the 1930s and 1940s. Hence by the 1950s, the private actors most engaged in air pollution policymaking were the regulated industries themselves.
Effect of breed, intake, and carcass composition on the status of several macro and trace minerals of adult beef cattle.

The objective was to determine the association between breed, intake, and carcass compo- sition and the status of liver Cu, Zn, and Fe, and serum Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg of 118 mature cows representing nine breeds of cattle. Breeds used were Angus, Braunvieh, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Red Poll, Pinzgauer, and Simmental. The cows were fed one of four levels of DMI: 58, 76, 93, and 111 g of DMI-w~-.~~.~-~. A ground alfalfa, corn, and corn silage diet was fed for up to 5 yr. There was no relationship between liver and serum concentrations of Cu, a negative correlation (P < .05) existed between liver and serum concentrations of Zn and a positive correlation ( P.O 1) existed between liver concentra- tions of Cu and Zn. Concentrations of serum Ca were positively correlated (Cu and Zn, P < .01; Mg, P < .05) with serum concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mg, but negatively correlated ( P < .O 1) with liver Fe. Liver Cu was higher ( P < .05) for the Limousin breed than all others, except Angus. Liver Zn concentrations were higher ( P < .05) for Limousin than for Pinzgauer, but no other breed differences were observed. Liver Cu concentration was not affected by daily intake, but liver Zn concentration increased ( P < .05) with increased daily intake. Liver Fe decreased ( P < .01) in a curvilinear manner with increased daily intake. No breed differences in serum concentrations of Cu or Zn were observed. Serum Ca concentrations were higher (P < .05) for Angus, Red Poll, and Limousin than for Simmental, and Red Poll had higher ( P < .05 j concentrations of serum Ca than for Braunvieh. Serum Mg concentrations ( P < .05) were higher for Angus than for Hereford. Serum Zn and Ca were not affected by daily intake, and serum Cu was a quadratic function of intake ( P < .05). There was a stronger association of carcass lipid (percen- tage) with liver and serum Cu concentrations (P < .01) than existed between carcass protein (percen- tage) and liver and serum Cu concentrations (P < .05). These results indicate that breed differences may exist in Cu metabolism. Liver Cu and serum Cu concentrations were not related, carcass composition was associated with Cu concentrations in both liver and serum, liver Cu and Zn were positively correlated, increased intake was associated with increased liver Zn, decreased liver Fe, and no change in liver Cu.
Anomalous left internal mammary artery arising from an aberrant artery of the aorta in a patient with “pseudo bovine” aortic arch anatomy

Many different aortic arch variants have been documented before. Pseudo bovine arch is the most common variant of the aortic arch. Pseudo bovine arch with other factors such as stenosis and calcification impose great difficulties even for experienced cardiologists. Knowledge of anatomical variants is useful information for interventional cardiologist, radiologist, and thoracic surgeons. Left vertebral artery left internal mammary artery (LIMA) alterations have been published a few times before, but here we present a first case to our knowledge with LIMA arising from an aberrant arterial branch of the aorta in a patient with a pseudo bovine aortic arch anatomy. .
Evidence for Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) Injury-Induced Leaf Water Deficits and Osmotic Adjustment in Peppermint

Studies were conducted to examine the physiological response of peppermint, Mentha piperita L., to leaf water stress induced by feeding of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Levels of mite injury were estimated by a leaf injury index developed for these studies. Symptoms of water stress in mite-injured leaves were: a significant reduction in leaf fresh weight; reduced leaf specific weight (mg of fresh weight per cm2 of leaf area); and accumulation of soluble leaf carbohydrates. Soluble leaf carbohydrates of peppermint are sucrose (ca. 50%) and the galactosyl oligosaccharides raffinose and stachyose. Leaf starch content was unaffected by injury at all injury levels. Accumulation of soluble leaf carbohydrate in water-stressed leaves may help mite-injured leaves maintain cell turgor pressure through an osmotic adjustment (osmoregulation) mechanism. A new method for in situ starch hydrolysis for quantitative analysis of leaf starch also is presented.
Vein of Galen Malformation: Outcome after Embolization

The neurodevelopmental outcome after endovascular treatment of vein of Galen malformation (VOGM) in 27 patients seen between 1983 and 2002 was assessed by chart review and parental questionnaires at the University of California, San Francisco.
Effect of Botulinum Toxin Therapy on the Sensorimotor Feedback Loop in Cervical Dystonia (IN6-1.009)

Objective: To study the effects of botulinum toxin on intracortical inhibition and somatosensory organization. Background The cardinal manifestations of dystonia may be explained by excessive gain through a sensorimotor loop. Expanded overlapped receptor fields induce sustained, uncontrolled motor activity with co-contraction and overflow movements. There is a decreased cortical and spinal inhibition in dystonic patients. Increased motor and supplemental cortical excitability was demonstrated in trans-cranial magnetic stimulation studies. Somatosensory evoked potential studies have shown an increased sensory cortical excitability. Our group recently found synchronous (Coherent) neuronal oscillations to be higher in Epilepsy patients compared to controls which correlated with epileptogenic focus. The current study evaluated the alteration of neuroplasticity in dystonic patients treated with botulinum treatment (BTx). Design/Methods: Six patients with cervical dystonia were studied using MEG. Two MEG scans were obtained, one just prior to the Btx injections, and the second scan when patient felt maximum relief (at approximately 4 weeks). Tsui Torticollis Rating Scale (TTRS) was employed to evaluate treatment response. A whole head Neuromagnetometer (148 channel, Magnus 2500 system) was used. Spontaneous resting brain activity for Coherence (C) analysis was obtained. Somatosensory evoked field scans (SES) were obtained through sensory evoked responses to pressure tapping of the second digit. Results: All patients achieved significant improvement which corresponds to a reduction in their TTRS. Average pretreatment coherent rest values of 0.42 + 0.09 decreased to 0.38 + 0.07 after Btx. These were much higher than the resting state coherent values of normal controls of 0.17 +/-0.09 (p Conclusions: 1. Reduced Coherence values for resting brain activity indicate Btx restores intra-cortical inhibition. 2. Btx induced SES alteration modifies somatosensory processing contributing to the near normalization of dystonic posturing. Supported by: Research support from Allergan for the project : Effects of Botulinum on the Afferent Input Modulation of Neuronal Circuits Involved in Cervical Dystonia. Disclosure: Dr. Sripathi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grover has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sidiropoulos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bowyer has nothing to disclose.
Clinical Laboratory Manpower: Labor-Force Participation and Retention

Data from a cross-sectional mail and telephone survey of medical laboratory technician (MLT) and medical technology (MT) graduates from Massachusetts colleges offering associate-degree MLT and/or baccalaureate MT programs were used to examine professional standing and to assess marital status and the presence of dependents as determinants of labor-force participation and professional retention. Employment among women MTs but not MLTs was related to marital status. Women's labor-force participation at both occupational levels was influenced by the presence of dependents. Among working graduates, retention in medical technology-related careers was associated with sex but not marital status or the presence of dependents. While employment and retention are high, 30% of these recent MLT and MT graduates are not in clinical laboratory practice.
Primary thyroid lymphoma presenting as dermatomyositis: a first case and review of the literature.

A 55-year-old woman presented with a 3-week history of weakness. On examination, she had a heliotrope rash, V-neck and shawl signs. There was symmetric proximal muscle weakness, and 2/5 strength in upper and lower extremities. Laboratory values showed CK 5836, CRP 14.9, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 49, lactate dehydrogenase 633, negative antinuclear antibodies and anti-Jo1 antibodies. Muscle biopsy and immunohistochemistry findings were consistent with dermatomyositis. Treatment with high-dose steroids, cyclophosphamide and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was started, without improvement of symptoms. She was found to have cold agglutinins with a cold screen titre of 1:256,256. Work up for malignancy ensued. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) showed increased uptake in the thyroid. Fine-needle thyroid biopsy with flow cytometry studies revealed atypical lymphocytes consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient underwent R-CHOP therapy, with remarkable improvement of her symptoms. Dermatomyositis associated with primary thyroid lymphoma has not been previously reported. This case reinforces the importance of cancer screening in dermatomyositis patients.
An Empirical Analysis of the Accounting Information Systems Course

This article reports the results of a survey of faculty teaching the accounting information systems (AIS) course and of their chairpersons that focused on institutional, course-related, and instructor-related factors. Almost half the instructor respondents were assistant professors, low proportion of the instructors indicated a primary or secondary research interest in AIS, and a large proportion of respondents indicated that they were self-trained in AIS. The most frequently used text was instructor-prepared class notes. Most respondents covered internal control, AIS concepts, and the revenue and expense cycles. A smaller proportion of instructors covered data modeling and database topics, and this coverage was associated with instructors at larger schools and having research interests in AIS. Most instructors assigned computer projects. Respondents also indicated that they thought the AIS course was more difficult to teach than other accounting courses.
THE MATHEMATICAL PRINCIPLE OF DIAGNOSING CRACK

In this paper, the changing relationship of the characteristic value and char-acteristic vector of system matrix S with the changing of stiffness matrix K is analysed andgetted. By this method, the calculation of characteristic value and characteristic vector canbe simplified and the computing time can be reduced greatly. As we know, the crack diag-nosing is the important problem of rotor dynamics. We be sure that applying this methodto the crack shooting will have very big practical value to maintiain the safe motion of rotorsystem.
Abstract P630: Captopril Reduces Cytopathic Effects in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Infected SH-SY5Y Cells

Over 60% of the United States population is infected with HSV-1, a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. HSV-1 is continually documented as a leading infectious cause of corneal blindness and encephalitis. Members of the herpesviridae family have been implicated as cardiovascular pathogens and are independently associated with the future risk of cardiovascular death. Investigations have demonstrated that hypertension may be significantly related to inflammation, a major symptom of HSV-1 infection. Most HSV-1 antivirals are nucleoside analogs which are effective for individuals experiencing current outbreaks, but are limited by the development of antiviral resistance. Thus, there is a need for novel antiviral targets to decrease viral reactivation, a major player in viral associated neuropathologies. In addition to its well-known function of maintaining homeostatic control of arterial and osmotic pressure, components of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) have been demonstrated to exert antiviral functions. RAS targets, such as angiotensin peptides and angiotensin type 1 receptors, have been evaluated for their antiviral properties. Yet, the antiviral properties of other currently approved RAS inhibitors have not been investigated. To determine if other RAS components may inhibit viral activity, we tested the hypothesis that captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme 1 (ACE), attenuates cytopathic effects of HSV-1 in SH-SY5Y, human neuroblastoma, cells. Photomicrographs of SH-SY5Y cells demonstrated that captopril protects cells from HSV-1-induced cytopathic effects. Additionally, cell viability assays revealed that captopril reduced HSV-1-induced cellular death by 18% (p-value<.05, compared to vehicle treated HSV-1 infected cells). Preliminary viral entry assay data suggests captopril may exert antiviral effects through entry inhibition as demonstrated by a 14.18% decrease in GFP immunofluorescence after captopril-treated cells were exposed to a GFP-expressing HSV-1 recombinant virus for 48h (compared to their untreated, uninfected counterparts). These results support captopril as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HSV-1 and its associated pathologies.
How to Interpret Electrocardiographic Interpretations

Electrocardiographic findings by themselves should never be the basis for a diagnosis of heart disease or for prognosis. Neither should they determine when a cardiac patient may become ambulatory or leave the hospital. Interpretation of the tracings must take into account the entire clinical picture.
Estimation of the Coda‐Wave Attenuation and Geometrical Spreading in the New Madrid Seismic Zone

Using the single backscattering method, coda quality factor functions through coda window lengths of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 s have been estimated for the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). Furthermore, geometrical spreading functions for distances less than 60 km have been determined in this region at different center frequencies exploiting the coda normalization method. A total of 284 triaxial seismograms with good signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR>5) from broadband stations located in the NMSZ were used. The database consisted of records from 57 local earthquakes with moment magnitudes of 2.6–4.1, and hypocentral distances less than 200 km. Q ‐factor values were evaluated at five frequency bands with central frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24 Hz. Vertical components were utilized to estimate vertical coda Q ‐factor values. Horizontal coda Q ‐factor values were determined using the average amount of the Q ‐factor values estimated from two orthogonal horizontal components. The coda Q ‐factor increases with increasing of the coda window length implying that with increasing the depth, the coda Q ‐factor increases. The intermediate values of the Q ‐factor and intermediate values of the frequency dependency indicate that the Earth’s crust and upper mantle beneath the entire NMSZ is tectonically a moderate region with a moderate to relatively high degree of heterogeneities. The geometrical spreading factors of S ‐wave amplitudes are frequency dependent and determined to be −0.761, −0.991, −1.271, −1.182, and −1.066 for center frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24 Hz, respectively, at hypocentral distances of 10–60 km. The geometrical spreading factors for lower frequencies are not recommended to be used due to the greater impact of the radiation pattern and directivity effect on low frequencies, as well as the greater sensitivity of band‐pass‐filtered seismograms of small earthquakes to the noise in low frequencies.
Uterine and/or ovarian tumors weighing 25 pounds or more: A review of the literature in English since 1946

Abstract At the 1946 meeting of The Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the patient with the 55 pound myomatous uterus managed on the Tulane Unit at the Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans was reported. The reasons for this communication are: first, to record the follow-up of that patient; second, to review the literature in English since then on uterine and/or ovarian tumors weighing 25 lbs. or more (11.37 kg.); third, to advocate that sizable tumors be coded in medical records so that data will be easily retrievable. In preparation of this paper we wrote to the chairmen of departments of obstetrics and gynecology listed in the 1968–1969 Association of American Medical Colleges Directory. Their replies indicate the necessity for such a procedure. This was further confirmed by the letters received from the members of the Conrad G. Collins Obstetric and Gynecologic Society of Tulane University.
Deformation Estimation with Automatic Sliding Boundary Computation

We present a novel method for image registration via a piecewise diffeomorphic deformation which accommodates sliding motion, such as that encountered at organ boundaries. Our method jointly computes the deformation as well as a coherent sliding boundary, represented by a segmentation of the domain into regions of smooth motion. Discontinuities are allowed only at the boundaries of these regions, while invertibility of the total deformation is enforced by disallowing separation or overlap between regions. Optimization alternates between discrete segmentation estimation and continuous deformation estimation. We demonstrate our method on chest 4DCT data showing sliding motion of the lungs against the thoracic cage during breathing.
Threshold-seq: a tool for determining the threshold in short RNA-seq datasets.

Summary We present 'Threshold-seq,' a new approach for determining thresholds in deep-sequencing datasets of short RNA transcripts. Threshold-seq addresses the critical question of how many reads need to support a short RNA molecule in a given dataset before it can be considered different from 'background.' The proposed scheme is easy to implement and incorporate into existing pipelines. Availability and implementation Source code of Threshold-seq is freely available as an R package at: http://cm.jefferson.edu/threshold-seq/. Contact isidore.rigoutsos@jefferson.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Advantages of Facilities Monitoring System in Integrated Circuit Fabrication

This paper discusses a computerized Facilities Monitor and Control System, which has been in use for several years at Hewlett Packard's Cupertino Integrated Circuit Division. Over 350 transducers monitor the IC fabrication support systems such as deionized (DI) water, process gases, process environment, cleanroom equipment and environment, as well as systems which ensure industrial hygiene, safety and environmental compliance. Examples illustrate how the Facilities Monitor System information has been used to improve yield, diagnose process control problems, prevent contamination and improve the facilities, resulting in significant cost savings. This is accomplished by continuous real-time monitoring, historical data acquisition and analysis, trendlining, correlation studies and various levels of alarm notification.
Regulation of Hyphal Growth and N-Acetylglucosamine Catabolism by Two Transcription Factors in Candida albicans .

The amino sugar N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is increasingly recognized as an important signaling molecule in addition to its well-known structural roles at the cell surface. In the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, GlcNAc stimulates several responses including the induction of the genes needed for its catabolism and a switch from budding to filamentous hyphal growth. We identified two genes needed for growth on GlcNAc (RON1 and NGS1) and found that mutants lacking these genes fail to induce the genes needed for GlcNAc catabolism. NGS1 was also important for growth on other sugars, such as maltose, but RON1 appeared to be specific for GlcNAc. Both mutants could grow on nonfermentable carbon sources indicating that they do not affect mitochondrial function, which we show is important for growth on GlcNAc but not for GlcNAc induction of hyphal morphogenesis. Interestingly, both the ron1Δ and ngs1Δ mutants were defective in forming hyphae in response to GlcNAc, even though GlcNAc catabolism is not required for induction of hyphal morphogenesis. The ron1Δ mutant showed a partial defect in forming hyphae, which was surprising since it displayed an elevated level of filamentous cells under noninducing conditions. The ron1Δ mutant also displayed an elevated basal level of expression of genes that are normally upregulated during hyphal growth. Consistent with this, Ron1 contains an Ndt80-like DNA-binding domain, indicating that it regulates gene expression. Thus, Ron1 is a key new component of the GlcNAc response pathway that acts as both an activator and a repressor of hyphal morphogenesis.
Theoretical Interpretation of the Second-Order Raman Spectra of the Alkali Fluoride Crystals

In two recent papers we have presented theoretical calculations of the second-order Raman spectra of CsF and NaF. In the case of the latter salt, the agreement with experimental measurements is extremely good. In the case of the former salt, no experimental data are available with which comparison can be made. The object of the present paper is to present systematic calculations of the second-order Raman spectra of the sequence of salts, NaF, KF, RbF, and CsF, so that we may investigate the effects of the different vibrational spectra of these crystals on the computed second-order spectra. In all four cases, we have used two alternative models for the polarizability tensor. These are designed to reduce the eight disposable parameters obtained when one uses a polarizability tensor which is assumed to depend only on the configuration of nearest-neighbor ions to a total of three. For the earlier calculation on NaF, we found that there was no marked difference between the results obtained from the two models, whereas in the case of CsF there was a drastic difference between the two sets of results. The object of the present calculations is to observe the manner in which this difference develops as one proceeds through the fluoride sequence.
Chromosome biology: How to build a cohesive genome in 3D

Removing the protein complex cohesin from chromosomes destroys one layer of the genome's 3D structure but leaves another intact. Genome structure is therefore built by independent processes that work together. See Letter p.51 The nuclear organization of interphase chromosomes is thought to be mediated by architectural protein complexes such as CTCF and cohesin, which are found at loops and at the boundaries of topological domains (TADs). However, experimental depletion of these proteins has shown limited impact on chromosome organization. Here, Francois Spitz and colleagues perform an inducible deletion of the cohesin-loading factor Nipbl in liver cells in mice. They find that depletion of chromosome-associated cohesin leads to the loss of TADs and TAD-associated loops, but segregation of the genome into compartments is preserved and transcription is affected only at a subset of genes. The disappearance of TADs unmasks a finer compartment structure that reflects local transcriptional activity. Genome organization therefore seems to result from two distinct mechanisms with different requirements for cohesin.
Serological Markers of Infection in the Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty

Diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is challenging as no perfect test for it exists. Often a combination of serological, synovial, microbiological, histological, and radiological investigations is performed that are expensive, invasive, and imperfect. Serum biomarkers are dependable diagnostic tools given the low-risk nature and ease of collecting blood that aid in the diagnosis of PJI. However, it must be noted they are not without limitations. This chapter will focus on current serological markers and their efficacy in diagnosing PJI. Routine workup for PJI involves the measurements of serum white blood cell (WBC) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The combination of ESR and CRP is very effective to “rule out” PJI. Additional biomarkers such as IL-6, IL-4, TNF-alpha, procalcitonin, and siCAM1 have also shown value in the diagnosis of PJI. Scientific investigation continues to work toward a “gold standard” serum test for the diagnosis of PJI.
The Maximal Multiple-Representation Species Problem Solved Using Heuristic Concentration

The Maximal Multiple-Representation Species Problem (MMRSP) is formulated here and examined using two different integer program formulations solved by LP plus branch and bound as well as the metaheuristic known as Heuristic Concentration (HC). It is seen that for some instances of this problem, the exact method can be allowed to run for a long time (> 1 day) without termination while HC can find optimal or near-optimal solutions to the same instances in a few seconds. In one such case, LP-IP was allowed to run for 1,000 times longer than HC and still found a worse solution. Furthermore, HC found the optimal solution in 72.3% of cases and had an objective value gap of less than 1% in 94% of cases. Even when HC takes longer than LP-IP,the longest run-time was under 20 minutes. Therefore, HC is a valuable tool for approaching the MMRSP.
The Risks of Grasshoppers and Pest Management to Grassland Agroecosystems: An International Perspective on Human Well-Being and Environmental Health

The papers presented at the workshop, which form the core of this book, were essential ingredients in the process and served as the common intellectual currency for subsequent deliberations. However, these presentations were a “means to an ends”, rather than being the purpose of the workshop. These provocative and informative thoughts provided the raw intellectual material for the primary focus of the workshop — a series of directed discussions, specifically designed to identify problems and solutions pertaining to the management of grasshoppers and locusts on grassland ecosystems. The goal of this chapter is to summarize the salient points, novel perspectives, and areas of dissension that emerged in the course of the workshop’s discussion sessions.
RELATIONSHIP OF TYPE OF PRODUCT, SHOPPING ORIENTATIONS, AND DEMOGRAPHICS WITH PREFERENCE FOR SHOPPING ON THE INTERNET

This research examines whether (1) consumers' shopping orientations are significantly related to their preference for shopping online, (2) consumers' demographic characteristics are significantly related to preference for shopping online, (3) relationships of shopping orientation and demographic variables with purchase preferences on the Internet will vary by the type of products (i.e., search, experience, or credence). Deriving from the product classification theory, products are classified into four categories: search products, two types of experience products, and credence products. Data were collected through self-administered surveys from adult population in two metropolitan areas in the Southern United States. The findings significantly support the study's hypotheses that shopping orientations such as convenience and recreational shopper and demographic variables such as gender, education, and household income were significantly related to consumer's online purchase preference. The researchers' findings also confirm that the relationships of shopping orientation and demographic variables with purchase preference for shopping online significantly differ by product category. More specifically, convenience and recreational orientations were positively related to preference for shopping online for experience-1, experience-2, and credence product types, though the directional relationship between recreational shopper orientation and preference for shopping on the Internet was positive rather than negative as hypothesized. The results and discussion section also includes implications drawn from the findings.
El macroeconomista como científico y como ingeniero

Este ensayo ofrece una breve historia de la macroeconomia, junto con una evaluacion de lo aprendido. Parte de la premisa de que la disciplina ha evolucionado gracias a los esfuerzos de dos tipos diferentes de macroeconomistas: los que la conciben como una especie de ingenieria y los que quisieran que fuese mas bien una ciencia. Mientras que los primeros macroeconomistas eran ingenieros que trataban de resolver problemas practicos, los de las ultimas decadas han estado mas interesados en desarrollar herramientas analiticas y establecer principios teoricos. Estas herramientas y principios, sin embargo, han tardado en encontrar el modo de ser utilizados. A medida que el campo de la macroeconomia fue evolucionando, un tema recurrente ha sido la interaccion –a veces productiva y a veces no tanto– entre los cientificos y los ingenieros
Analyzing Two Investments—An Instructional Case to Introduce Basic Financial Accounting Concepts

ABSTRACT This case introduces basic financial accounting concepts to graduate business students in an accounting orientation session (i.e., “boot camp”). Students assume they have invested in two c...
Integrative system biology analyses of CRISPR-edited iPSC-derived neurons and human brains reveal deficiencies of presynaptic signaling in FTLD and PSP

Mutations in the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene cause autosomal dominant frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau inclusions (FTLD-tau). MAPT p.R406W carriers present clinically with progressive memory loss and neuropathologically with neuronal and glial tauopathy. However, the pathogenic events triggered by the expression of the mutant tau protein remain poorly understood. To identify the genes and pathways that are dysregulated in FTLD-tau, we performed transcriptomic analyses in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived neurons carrying MAPT p.R406W and CRISPR/Cas9-corrected isogenic controls. We found that the expression of the MAPT p.R406W mutation was sufficient to create a significantly different transcriptomic profile compared with that of the isogeneic controls and to cause the differential expression of 328 genes. Sixty-one of these genes were also differentially expressed in the same direction between MAPT p.R406W carriers and pathology-free human control brains. We found that genes differentially expressed in the stem cell models and human brains were enriched for pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and pre-synaptic function. The expression of GABA receptor genes, including GABRB2 and GABRG2, were consistently reduced in iPSC-derived neurons and brains from MAPT p.R406W carriers. Interestingly, we found that GABA receptor genes, including GABRB2 and GABRG2, are significantly lower in symptomatic mouse models of tauopathy, as well as in brains with progressive supranuclear palsy. Genome wide association analyses reveal that common variants within GABRB2 are associated with increased risk for frontotemporal dementia (P < 1 × 10−3). Thus, our systems biology approach, which leverages molecular data from stem cells, animal models, and human brain tissue can reveal novel disease mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that MAPT p.R406W is sufficient to induce changes in GABA-mediated signaling and synaptic function, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of FTLD-tau and other primary tauopathies.
Central osteophytes develop in cartilage with abnormal structure and composition: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort.

To investigate the natural history of central osteophytes (COs) by analyzing the structure and matrix composition of CO-associated cartilage using 3-T MRI at and 1–3 years before the onset of COs. Baseline, 4- and 6-year knee MRIs of 400 participants in the Osteoarthritis Initiative were screened for the appearance of new COs. Twenty-eight subjects developed 31 COs. Using MRIs at CO onset and 1–3 years before CO onset, cartilage T2 values were calculated for the local cartilage preceding COs and the surrounding cartilage. Cartilage lesions local to the site of COs and bone marrow edema like lesions (BMELs) subjacent to COs were graded using whole organ MRI scores (WORMS). Wilcoxon tests were used to compare T2 values from the local and the surrounding cartilage at each time point and to compare T2 and WORMS between time points. Knee symptoms were recorded during this period. All subjects showed local cartilage lesions before the development of COs. Mean cartilage WORMS increased from 1.56 ± 0.66 a period of 3 years before to 2.39 ± 0.75 with onset of COs (p = 0.008). Local T2 values in the area of the later-appearing COs were significantly higher compared with T2 values of the surrounding cartilage 3 (p = 0.044) and 2 years earlier (p = 0.031) and with the onset of COs (p = 0.025). No significant increase in symptoms was found with the onset of COs. This study provides evidence that focal cartilage structural and compositional degeneration precedes COs. No significant aggravation of knee symptoms was reported during the evolution of COs.
SIC-8000 versus hetastarch as a submucosal injection fluid for EMR: a randomized controlled trial.

Background and Aims Viscous solutions provide a superior submucosal cushion for EMR. SIC-8000 (Eleview; Aries Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, Calif) is a commercially available U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved solution, but hetastarch is also advocated. We performed a randomized trial comparing SIC-8000 with hetastarch as submucosal injection agents for colorectal EMR. Methods This was a single-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial performed at a tertiary referral center. Patients were referred to our center with flat or sessile lesions measuring ≥15 mm in size. The primary outcome measures were the Sydney resection quotient (SRQ) and the rate of en bloc resections. Secondary outcomes were total volume needed for a sufficient lift, number of resected pieces, and adverse events. Results There were 158 patients with 159 adenomas (SIC-8000, 84; hetastarch, 75) and 57 serrated lesions (SIC-8000, 30; hetastarch, 27). SRQ was significantly better in the SIC-8000 group compared with hetastarch group (9.3 vs 8.1, P = .001). There was no difference in the proportion of lesions with en bloc resections. The total volume of injectate was significantly lower with SIC-8000 (14.8 mL vs 20.6 mL, P = .038). Conclusions SIC-8000 is superior to hetastarch for use during EMR in terms of SRQ and total volume needed, although the absolute differences were small. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT03350217.)
White matter structure in schizophrenia and autism: Abnormal diffusion across the brain in schizophrenia.

Abstract Background Schizophrenia and autism share many behavioral and neurological similarities, including altered white matter tract structure. However, because schizophrenia and autism are rarely compared directly, it is difficult to establish whether white matter abnormalities are disorder-specific or are common across these disorders that share some symptomatology. Methods In the current study, we compared white matter water diffusion using tensor imaging in 25 adults with autism, 15 adults with schizophrenia, all with IQ scores above 88, and 19 neurotypical adults. Results Although the three groups evinced no statistically significant differences in measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), the schizophrenia group showed significantly greater mean diffusivity (MD; Cohen's d > 0.77), due to greater radial diffusivity (RD; Cohen's d > 0.92), compared to both the autism and control groups. This effect was evident across the brain rather than specific to a particular tract. Conclusions The greater MD and RD in schizophrenia appears to be diagnosis-specific. The altered diffusion may reflect subtle abnormalities in myelination, which could be a potential mechanism underlying the widespread behavioral deficits associated with schizophrenia.
Whole nuña bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) flour showed higher direct expansion during extrusion processing at relatively lower temperatures.

Nuna bean, also known as "popping" bean, belongs to the group of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). Originated in Andean mountains, nuna beans is an important food crop in several South American countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru, where it is consumed primarily as a snack. Nuna beans are highly nutritious and have a distinctive nutty flavor, which makes them potentially desirable ingredients in food applications, such as extruded snacks. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of whole seed nuna bean flour during extrusion cooking. Expansion characteristics of whole nuna bean flour were investigated using a twin-screw extruder. Three levels of moisture contents of 15%, 18%, and 21% (wet basis), three barrel temperatures of 120, 140, and 160 °C, and three screw speeds of 150, 200, and 250 rpm were evaluated, with a die diameter of 3.15 mm. The expansion ratio (ER) ranged from 1.41 to 3.03, within the extrusion conditions studied. The moisture content and screw speed were found to have the most significant impact on the ER. Lower temperature and higher screw speed resulted in higher ER. The maximum ER of 3.03 was observed at a moisture content of 15%, a barrel temperature of 120 °C, and a screw speed of 250 rpm. Nuna bean flour exhibited good expansion properties at relatively low temperatures, which highlights its potential for use in extruded food applications such as nutritious snacks. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: There is increasing consumer demand for more nutritional snacks and cereals. Nuna bean flour exhibited potential for use in such nutritious products. This provides the industry with an alternative source of protein and fiber for inclusion in expanded food products.
Dietary caffeine synergizes adverse peripheral and central responses to anesthesia in malignant hyperthermia susceptible mice

Ryanodine receptor (RYR) mutations confer stress-triggered malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility. Dietary caffeine (CAF) is the most commonly consumed psychoactive compound by humans. CAF-triggered Ca2+ release and its influences on skeletal muscle contractility are widely used as experimental tools to study RYR function/dysfunction and diagnose MH susceptibility. We hypothesize that dietary CAF achieving blood levels measured in human plasma exacerbates the penetrance of RYR1 MH susceptibility mutations triggered by gaseous anesthetic, affecting both central and peripheral adverse responses. Heterozygous R163C-RYR1 (HET) MH susceptible mice are used to investigate the influences of dietary CAF on both peripheral and central responses before and after induction of halothane (HAL) maintenance anesthesia under experimental conditions that maintain normal core body temperature. HET mice receiving CAF (plasma CAF 893 ng/ml) have significantly shorter times to respiratory arrest compared with wild type, without altering blood chemistry or displaying hyperthermia or muscle rigor. Intraperitoneal bolus dantrolene before HAL prolongs time to respiratory arrest. A pilot electrographic study using subcutaneous electrodes reveals that dietary CAF does not alter baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) total power, but significantly shortens delay to isoelectric EEG, which precedes respiratory and cardiac arrest. CAF ± HAL are studied on RYR1 single-channel currents and HET myotubes to define molecular mechanisms of gene-by-environment synergism. Strong pharmacological synergism between CAF and HAL is demonstrated in both single-channel and myotube preparations. Central and peripheral nervous systems mediate adverse responses to HAL in a HET model of MH susceptibility exposed to dietary CAF, a modifiable lifestyle factor that may mitigate risks of acute and chronic diseases associated with RYR1 mutations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Dietary caffeine at a human-relevant dose synergizes adverse peripheral and central responses to anesthesia in malignant hyperthermia susceptible mice. Synergism of these drugs can be attributed to their actions at ryanodine receptors.