cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical map of the genome of Rhodobacter capsulatus SB 1003.

Abstract A map of the chromosome of Rhodobacter capsulatus was constructed by overlapping the large restriction fragments generated by endonucleases AseI and XbaI. The analyses were done by hybridization of single fragments with the restriction fragments blotted from pulsed-field gels and by grouping cosmids of a genomic library of R. capsulatus into contigs, corresponding to the restriction fragments, and further overlapping of the contigs. A technical difficulty due to a repeated sequence made it necessary to use hybridization with cloned genes and prior knowledge of the genetic map in order to close the physical circle in a unique way. In all, 41 restriction sites were mapped on the 3.6-Mb circular genome and 22 genes were positioned at 26 loci of the map. Cosmid clones were grouped in about 80 subcontigs, forming two groups, one corresponding to the chromosome of R. capsulatus and the other corresponding to a 134-kb plasmid. cos site end labeling and partial digestion of cosmids were used to construct a high-resolution EcoRV map of the 134-kb plasmid. The same method can be extended to the entire chromosome. The cosmid clones derived in this work can be used as a hybridization panel for the physical mapping of new genes as soon as they are cloned.
Articulating national identity in Turkmenistan: inventing tradition through myth, cult and language

A study of myth, cult, and language as tools of state power, this paper analyzes ways national identity was constructed and articulated in one state. When Turkmenistan became independent in 1991 its first president, Saparmyrat Nyýazow, promoted himself as the 'savior' of the nation by reconceptualising what it meant to be Turkmen. Myth, public texts and language policy were used to construct this identity. While they were the targets of the state's cultural products, Turkmen citizens contrib- uted to the processes of cultural production. Nyýazow legitimised his authoritarian leadership, first by co-opting Turkmen citizens to support his regime, and then by coercing them as participants in his personality cult. The paper concludes that Nyýazow used the production of culture, 'invented tradition' in Hobsbawm's sense, to bolster his agenda and further his own power. It also argues that the exaggerated cult of personality Nyýazow cultivated limited his achievements, rather than solidifying them.
Math Autobiographies: A Window into Teachers' Identities as Mathematics Learners

Mathematics autobiographies have the potential to help teachers reflect on their identities as mathematics learners and to understand their role in the development of their students' mathematics identities. This paper reports on a professional development project for K-2 teachers (n = 41), in which participants were asked to write mathematics autobiographies. Using an adaptation of an existing framework for characterizing teachers' mathematics stories, we describe the consistencies among the participants' experiences as mathematics learners and the events that are identified as being the impetus for a transition from a negative to a positive attitude toward mathematics. Implications for both teachers and teacher educators are presented.
A Practical Synthesis of Tetrachloroethylene Oxide

Abstract Tetrachloroethylene oxide has been synthesized by direct oxidation of tetrachloroethylene with oxygen in the presence of ultraviolet light. This preparation resulted in a mixture of tetrachloroethylene oxide and trichloroacetyl chloride in approximately equal amounts under the most favorable conditions. Tetrachloroethylene oxide rearranges readily to trichloroacetyl chloride above 60 C with an activation energy E of 3.0 × 104 cal/mole and a pre-exponential factor A of 1.9 × 1013. All attempts to polymerize tetrachloroethylene oxide under a variety of conditions failed.
Absence of insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide-I(7-37) receptors on isolated rat liver hepatocytes.

The effects of glucagon and the glucagon-like peptide GLP-I(7–37) were compared in rat liver hepatocytes. Glucagon elevated cAMP, elevated intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]1), activated phosphorylase and stimulated gluconeogenesis, whereas GLP-I(7–37) was without effect on any of these parameters. GLP-I(7–37) did not block any of the actions of glucagon. The glucagon analog, des His1[Glu9] glucagon, amide, was a partial agonist in liver, but also was an effective antagonist of glucagon actions in liver but not those of GLP-I(7–37) in islet B cells. It was concluded that in the rat, GLP-I(7–37) is a potent insulin secretagogue [1] but is without effect on liver.
Tissue and subcellular distribution of mammalian aldehyde-oxidizing capacity

Abstract Tissue and subcellular distribution of aldehyde-oxidizing capacity has been determined in several mammalian species, by the use of indole-3-acetaldehyde and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as substrates. Activity, dependent upon added NAD, was found in liver, adrenal, intestine, kidney, ovary, testis, adipose tissue, uterus, heart, lung, brain, spleen, skeletal muscle, seminal vesicles, and bladder. Liver contained the greatest amount of activity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats had a higher level than male Sprague-Dawley rats of aldehyde-oxidizing capacity inliver and kidney. The soluble and mitochondrial fractions of all rat tissues studied contained measurable amounts of the activity. The mitochrondrial and supernatant enzymes of rat liver appear to be different proteins, as determined by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. In addition, it was confirmed that rat liver microsomes contain aldehyde-oxidizing capacity. The results may be of importance in studies with such compounds as epinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, choline, histamine, and ethanol, among others, since all of these substances can be converted, in vivo , to aldehydes that may undergo further oxidation.
Correction of image intensifier distortion for three-dimensional x-ray angiography

An algorithm has been developed to correct spatial distortion in image intensifier-based projections for three-dimensional (3D) angiographic reconstruction. A piecewise spatial warping technique is used to calculate a set of correction lookup tables which store the row and column subpixel spatial shifts, based on a reference grid image. Pixel amplitudes in the corrected image are determined from bilinear interpolation of the four surrounding pixels in the observed image. The method has been tested using an x-ray imaging chain with a 30-cm image intensifier positioned at various angular orientations and x-ray source distances. Prior to distortion correction, the maximum error between observed and expected reference point locations was found to be 14 mm. After correction, the maximum and mean errors were 0.23 mm and 0.053 mm, respectively.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Discovery of pulsar planets

Abstract In this paper I recount the events which have led to the discovery of the first planets beyond the Solar System. The two planets circling an old neutron star, the 6.2 ms pulsar PSR B1257+12, were discovered in 1991 with the 1000 ft Arecibo radio telescope. The pulsar itself was detected by a large, all-sky survey conducted during the telescope maintenance period in early 1990. The subsequent timing observations have shown that the only plausible explanation of the variability of pulse arrival times of PSR B1257+12 was the existence of at least two terrestrial-mass planets around it. The third, Moon-mass planet in the system was detected in 1994, along with the measurement of perturbations resulting from a near 3:2 mean motion resonance between the two more massive bodies, which has provided the confirmation of a planetary origin of the observed variations of pulse arrival times. Further observations and analyses have resulted in an unambiguous measurement of orbital inclinations and masses of the planets in 2003. The measured approximate coplanarity of the orbits along with the inner solar system – like dynamical properties of the pulsar planets strongly suggest their origin in a protoplanetary disk, just like in the case of planets around normal stars. The existence of such a system predicts that rocky, Earth-mass planets should be common around various kinds of stars.
Who teaches basic procedural skills: Student experience versus faculty opinion

Abstract Introduction Learning procedural skills as a medical student has evolved, as task trainers and simulators are now ubiquitous. It is yet unclear whether they have supplanted bedside teaching or are adjuncts to it, and whether faculty or residents are responsible for student skills education in this era. In this study we sought to characterize the experience and opinions of both medical students and faculty on procedural skills training. Methods Surveys were sent to clinical medical students and faculty at UNC Chapel Hill. Opinions on the ideal learning environment for basic procedural skills, as well as who serves as primary teacher, were gathered using a 4-point Likert scale. Responses were compared via Fisher exact test. Results A total of 237 students and 279 faculty responded. Third-year students were more likely to report simulation as the primary method of education (64%), compared to either fourth-year students (35%; P P = 0.0018). Third- and fourth-year students were also more likely to report interns as a primary teacher (15% and 10%, respectively) as opposed to faculty (2%), and less likely to suggest faculty were the primary teacher (30% and 21%, respectively, versus 35%), P Conclusions Our data suggest that both medical students and faculty recognize the utility of simulation in procedural skills training, but vary in the degree to which they think simulation is or should be the primary instructional tool. Both groups suggest residents are the primary teacher of these skills.
Angiotensin II regulates its receptor sites in the adrenal glomerulosa zone.

DURING sodium deficiency, adrenocortical sensitivity to angiotensin II is increased in several species1–3. Following acute sodium restriction in the rat, adrenal receptor sites for angiotensin II show increased concentration and binding affinity, and aldosterone responses to angiotensin II are increased both in vivo and in vitro4. Since circulating renin and angiotensin II levels are elevated during sodium deficiency2,3, these changes in the adrenal gland could be mediated by the trophic action of angiotensin II on the zona glomerulosa. Increased levels of catecholamines and trophic peptide hormones, such as luteinising hormone, have been shown to cause receptor loss and desensitisation of specific responses in their respective target cells5–7. It is possible, however, that physiological elevations of blood angiotensin II concentration could exert the opposite effect in the adrenal zona glomerulosa, leading to enhanced receptor function and contributing to the increased adrenal sensitivity during sodium restriction. To determine whether angiotensin II modulates its own receptors as well as the aldosterone secretory response, we examined angiotensin II receptors and aldosterone production in the zona glomerulosa of rats following elevation of circulating angiotensin II levels. These studies have provided evidence that angiotensin II can regulate its own receptor sites as well as steroidogenic responsiveness in the adrenal glomerulosa cell.
Conjunctive Availability of Surface and Ground Water in the Albuquerque Area, New Mexico: A Modelling Approach

This study is part of an interdisciplinary analysis of the economic evaluation of the water resources of the Rio Grande region of New Mexico. It was elemental in obtaining dynamic water availabilities in time and space. The relationship of dynamic ground-water availability and aquifer behavior under projected stresses was modeled by a ground-water system simulator based on a mass balance of the hydrologic basin. Conditions from extreme dry to extreme wet were modeled, combined with a range of different water demands. A vast amount of information was thus obtained in the form of aquifer responses for different conditions. An analogous relationship was constructed from these data by stepwise multiple regression analysis and was of the following form λd = f (dn, L) where λd = change in water-table elevation for the time period considered, dn= water-table elevation at the end of the previous time period, and L = a lump factor combining surface-water inflow and outflow, precipitation, and beneficial and nonbeneficial water uses. Other results readily obtainable from the simulation runs are river accretion or depletion curves as a function of time. These curves show the diversion effects of groundwater pumping upon the river.
An Assessment of the Sensitivity and Reliability of the Relative Reduction Factor Approach in the Development of 8-hr Ozone Attainment Plans

Abstract The updated regulatory framework for demonstrating that future 8-hr ozone (O3) design values will be at or below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) provides guidelines for the development of a State Implementation Plan (SIP) that includes methods based on photochemical modeling and analytical techniques. One of the suggested approaches is the relative reduction factor (RRF) for estimating the efficacy of emission reductions. In this study, the sensitivity of model-predicted responses towards emission reductions to the choice of meteorology and chemical mechanisms was examined. While the different modeling simulations generally were found to be in agreement on whether predicted future-year design values would be above or below the NAAQS for 8-hr O3 at a majority of the monitoring locations in the eastern United States, differences existed for a small percentage of monitors (~ 6.4%). Another issue investigated was the ability of the attainment demonstration procedure to predict chan...
Epitope fine specificity of human anti-HLA-A2 antibodies. Identification of four epitopes including a haptenlike epitope on HLA-A2 at lysine 127.

Abstract Anti-HLA-A2 CREG antibodies were purified from seven individuals by affinity chromatography. The binding of the purified antibodies to single or multiple amino acid variants of HLA-A2.1 was measured with an inhibition RIA. Substitutions at 10 amino acid residues in the polymorphic α 1 and α 2 domains were important for human antibody binding; eight of these have previously been shown to be important in the binding of murine anti-HLA-A2 CREG antibodies. Unlike any previously reported murine mAbs, the binding of antibodies from two individuals was eliminated by a substitution at the HLA-A2, −24, −28 shared loop amino acid residue lysine 127. Conversely, when the asparagine at residue 127 on the non-cross-reactive HLA-A3 was replaced with lysine, antibody binding was completely restored. The results further suggest that both λ- and κ-containing human antibodies that bind to this region may recognize lysine 127 as a haptenlike epitope. Anti-HLA-A2 antibodies that recognized a conformational epitope defined by changes at glycine 62 in the α 1 domain were predominanted by λ light chains whereas those that recognize an epitope defined by a loop residue at tryptophan 107 in the α 2 domain were predominated by κ light chains. The data are consistent with a model of restricted epitope recognition of HLA-A2 by human B cells that is similar to, but distinct from, epitope recognition by mouse B-cell hybridomas, and may help to explain the phenomenon of public or cross-reactive idiotypes in the HLA system.
GATA-4 binds to an upstream element of the human α2(I) collagen gene (COL1A2) and inhibits transcription in fibroblasts

Chromatin analyses have identified two DNase I hypersensitive sites (HS1 and HS2) at comparable distances (-130 bp and -2.3 kb) from the transcription start site of the human and mouse alpha2I collagen gene. Whereas the DNA region encompassing HS1 has been extensively characterized using protein binding and functional assays, nothing is yet known about the contribution of the HS2 sequence to alpha2I collagen gene transcription. Here we report that the HS2 sequence of the human alpha2I collagen (COL1A2) gene is a binding site for a transcriptional repressor in fibroblasts. DNase I footprinting identified a single site of nuclease protection around HS2, which corresponds to a sequence potentially capable of forming a 13 bp long hairpin structure with a 4 bp interruption in the middle. Gel mobility shift assays revealed that two GATA consensus sequences embedded within the hairpin are specifically bound by GATA-4 in fibroblasts. They also showed that formation of the HS2 protein complex requires the integrity of the whole hairpin sequence. Transient transfections of luciferase reporter gene constructs in fibroblasts correlated the HS2 element with transcriptional repression of the -2.3 kb promoter sequence. This last observation was further corroborated by showing that forced overexpression of GATA-4 in cultured fibroblasts leads to decreased transcription from the co-transfected -2.3 kb promoter/reporter construct, as well as reduced expression of the endogenous collagen gene. Finally, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay documented GATA-4 ability to bind to the HS2 element in vivo. These results are therefore the first to implicate GATA-4 in regulating constitutive COL1A2 gene expression in fibroblasts.
Interior and boundary difference equations for hyperbolic differential equations

Interior and boundary difference equations are derived for several hyperbolic partial differential equations by means of an integral method. The method is applied to a simple transport equation, to waves in a compressible, isentropic fluid, and to surface waves in shallow water. Boundary conditions treated are (a) a perfectly reflecting boundary, (b) an open boundary with outgoing waves and a specified incoming wave, and (c) a partially reflecting boundary. For open boundaries, the major assumption for the algorithms to be valid is that outgoing waves can be defined, an assumption equivalent to the most general statement of Sommerfeld's radiation condition. The difference equations obtained are conservative, second-order accurate, two time-level, explicit, and stable (for one-dimensional, time-dependent problems) for cΔt/Δx ⩽ 1 where c is the wave speed, Δt is the temporal grid size, and Δx is the spatial grid size. Numerical calculations demonstrate the excellent accuracy of the procedure.
Towards automatic sign translation

Signs are everywhere in our lives. They make our lives easier when we are familiar with them. But sometimes they also pose problems. For example, a tourist might not be able to understand signs in a foreign country. In this paper, we present our efforts towards automatic sign translation. We discuss methods for automatic sign detection. We describe sign translation using example based machine translation technology. We use a user-centered approach in developing an automatic sign translation system. The approach takes advantage of human intelligence in selecting an area of interest and domain for translation if needed. A user can determine which sign is to be translated if multiple signs have been detected within the image. The selected part of the image is then processed, recognized, and translated. We have developed a prototype system that can recognize Chinese signs input from a video camera which is a common gadget for a tourist, and translate them into English text or voice stream.
Pulmonary perfusion scans following transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure using the Amplatzer devices.

Introduction: Obstruction to flow in the left pulmonary artery (LPA) is a well-known complication after transcatheter device closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). This complication has been studied for different devices using lung perfusion radionuclide scintigraphy (LPRS), but not for Amplatzer devices. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of such devices on lung perfusion using LPRS. Methods: This is a retrospective study that looked at all patients who had PDA closure using different Amplatzer devices at our center between July 1999 and January 2007. All patients underwent LPRS within 24 hr of the procedure. We compared LPRS with other hemodynamic data obtained by cardiac catheterization and echocardiography. Results are presented as mean ± SD or median and ranges. Results: A total of 70 patients had PDA closure using an Amplatzer device; median age was 1.8 years (4 months to 75 years) and median weight was 12 kg (5–112 Kg). Nine patients had associated cardiac anomalies. Sixty eight patients had available LPRS. The mean percent of left lung perfusion (LLP) was 42.7% (±6.7%). Excluding patients with pre-existing LPA stenosis, 17% had abnormally decreased LLP. On hemodynamic measurements, 62 patients had available direct pressure measurements following PDA closure. None had significant increase. No correlation was found with echocardiographic data. Conclusion: PDA closure with Amplatzer family of devices is associated with a relatively significant risk of decreased perfusion to the left lung, mostly mild abnormalities. Comparison with catheterization and echocardiographic measurements showed lack of correlation with LPRS findings.© 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Asian ethnicity in anonymous oocyte donors is associated with increased estradiol levels but comparable recipient pregnancy rates compared with Caucasians

Objective To determine if differences exist in ovarian response and pregnancy rates between Asian and Caucasian donors. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting University-based clinic. Patient(s) Anonymous oocyte donors of self-reported Asian (n = 63) or Caucasian (n = 156) ethnicity who began ovarian stimulation between February 2000 and March 2008 and their matched recipients. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Recipient pregnancy rates and oocyte donor ovarian responsiveness. Result(s) Baseline characteristics were similar between Asian and Caucasian donors. Asian donors had peak serum estradiol levels that were 23% higher than their Caucasian counterparts (3715 ± 220 vs. 3013 ± 114 pg/mL). Adjusted estradiol levels per follicle measured and per oocyte retrieved were elevated in Asian donors (17% and 23% higher, respectively), and these differences were unchanged after adjusting for body mass index. No differences were noted in implantation rates (47.4% vs. 40.9%), clinical pregnancy rates (60.3% vs. 62.4%), or live-birth rates (55.5% vs. 59.9%) achieved using Asian vs. Caucasian oocyte donors. Conclusion(s) In contrast to autologous fresh in vitro fertilization cycles, Asian ethnicity is not associated with a lower pregnancy rate in recipient women using controlled hormone replacement when anonymous donor oocytes are used. Asian donors achieved statistically significantly higher serum estradiol levels during gonadotropin stimulation, suggesting an ethnic difference in steroid production and/or metabolism.
Effect of intravenous lidocaine and ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in goats

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effects of IV lidocaine (L) and ketamine (K), alone and in combination (LK), on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane (ISO) in goats. Study design Randomized crossover design. Animals Eight, adult mixed breed castrated male goats, aged 1–2 years weighing 24–51 kg. Methods Anesthesia was induced with ISO that was delivered via a mask. The tracheas were intubated and the animals ventilated to maintain an end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure between 25 and 30 mmHg (3.3–4 kPa). Baseline MAC (MAC B ) that prevented purposeful movement in response to clamping a claw was determined in triplicate. After MAC B determination, each goat received one of the following treatments, which were administered as a loading (LD) dose followed by a constant rate infusion, IV: L (2.5 mg kg −1 ; 100 μ g kg −1 minute −1 ), K (1.5 mg kg −1 ; 50 μ g kg −1 minute −1 ), L and K combination or saline, and the MAC (MAC T ) was re-determined in triplicate. Plasma concentrations of L and K were measured around each MAC point and the values averaged. Results The least-squares mean MAC B for all treatments was 1.13 ± 0.03%. L, K, and LK reduced ( p B by 18.3%, 49.6% and 69.4%, respectively. Plasma concentrations for L, K, and LK were 1617 ± 385, 1535 ± 251 and 1865 ± 317/1467 ± 185 ng mL −1 , respectively. No change ( p > 0.05) occurred with saline. Conclusion Lidocaine and K caused significant decreases in the MAC of ISO. The combination (LK) had an additive effect. However, the plasma L concentrations were less than predicted, as was the MAC reduction with L. Clinical relevance The use of L, K and the combination, at the doses studied, will allow a clinically important reduction in the concentration of ISO required to maintain general anesthesia in goats.
Performance of Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Risk Calculator in a Contemporary Cohort Screened for Prostate Cancer and Diagnosed by Extended Prostate Biopsy

Purpose: Statistical models such as the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator have been developed to estimate the cancer risk in an individual and help determine indications for biopsy. We assessed risk calculator performance in a large contemporary cohort of patients sampled by extended biopsy schemes.Materials and Methods: The validation cohort comprised 3,482 men who underwent a total of 4,515 prostate biopsies. Calculator performance was evaluated by ROC AUC and calibration plots. A multivariate regression model was fitted to address important predictor variables in the validation data set. Prediction error was calculated as the response variable in another multivariate regression model.Results: Using an average of 13 cores per biopsy prostate cancer was detected in 1,862 patients. The calculator showed an AUC of 0.57 to predict all cancers and 0.60 for high grade cancer. Multivariate analysis of the predictive ability of various clinical factors revealed that race and the number of biopsy ...
ELECTROMAGNETIC MASS DIFFERENCES OF THE PSEUDOSCALAR-MESON AND BARYON OCTETS.

An $\mathrm{SU}(3)$-symmetric multichannel calculation of the electromagnetic mass differences in the pseudoscalar-meson and baryon octets is carried out with an attempt to include some of the physics of the crossed (pair-annihilation) channel along the lines of the recent work by Ball and Zachariasen. The importance of the tensor-meson Regge trajectories is emphasized. The agreement with experiment is poor for the isospin-1 mass differences, but excellent for those with isospin 2.
Quality assessment of video image capture systems

As Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) technology has matured, video image capture has become a common way of capturing digital images from many modalities. While digital interfaces, such as those which use the ACR/NEMA standard, will become more common in the future, and are preferred because of the accuracy of image transfer, video image capture will be the dominant method in the short term, and may continue to be used for some time because of the low cost and high speed often associated with such devices. A series of digital phantoms has been developed for display on either a CT9800 or Hilite Advantage scanner. The phantom images have been stored on magnetic tape in the standard tape archive format used by General Electric, so that the images may be loaded onto the scanner at any time. These images are then captured using a commercial video image capture board in a PC/286 computer, where the images are not only to be displayed, but also analyzed with the use of an automated process implemented in a computer program on the same PC. Results of the analyses are saved, together with the data and time of image acquisition, so that the results can be displayed graphically, as trend plots.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Magnetooptical Studies of Solids Using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy

An interferometric spectrometer manufactured by the Research and Industrial Instruments Company has been adapted for use in polarized far ir magnetooptical investigations. The system includes a superconducting magnet and light pipe optics. The use of an indium antimonide free electron bolometer and an extrinsic germanium photoconductive detector with the system is described. As an example of the operation of the spectrometer, some investigations of donor impurity states in indium antimonide have been outlined.
Development of a Medical Nutrition Therapy Protocol for Female Collegiate Athletes

Abstract Nutrition intervention can improve athletic performance and reduce the risk of nutrition related problems in women athletes. The current healthcare environment demands that dietitians document the outcomes of the medical nutrition therapy (MNT) they provide. This requires the development and validation of MNT protocols so that outcomes can be documented and compared in similar populations across multiple settings. The purpose of this project was to develop a sports nutrition management MNT protocol for collegiate women athletes. A registered dietitian currently working with collegiate women athletes collaborated with four dietitians from the community to develop an MNT protocol. Further testing and validation using this MNT protocol will help dietitians document the outcomes of their interventions in this population. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001; 101:914-917 .
On the Role of the Ultraviolet and X-Ray Radiation in Driving a Disk Wind in X-Ray Binaries

X-ray heating of the photosphere of an accretion disk is a possible mechanism to produce strong, broad UV emission lines in low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). However, detailed photoionization calculations show that this mechanism fails to produce sufficient emission measure at suitable ionization and optical depth. We present the results of hydrodynamical calculations of the disk photosphere irradiated by strong X-rays. We attempt to determine whether LMXBs can harbor significant UV-driven disk winds despite the effects of X-ray ionization. Such winds would be a likely candidate for the site of emission of UV lines and may better explain the observations than the X-ray-heated disk photosphere. We find that the local disk radiation cannot launch a wind from the disk because of strong ionizing radiation from the central object. Unphysically high X-ray opacities would be required to shield the UV-emitting disk and allow the line force to drive a disk wind. However, the same X-ray radiation that inhibits line driving heats the disk and can produce a hot bipolar wind or corona above the disk. Our calculations are generally consistent with past work on the dynamics of coronae and winds from accretion disks in LMXBs. Additionally, our results are consistent with the UV observations of LMXB that show no obvious spectral features associated with strong and fast disk winds. To assess the impact of X-ray heating on driving of a disk wind by the line force in any system with an accretion disk, we derive analytic formulae. In particular, we compare results of line-driven disk wind models for accretion disks in LMXBs and active galactic nuclei. The latter show spectral features associated with a strong and fast disk wind, the wind that has been successfully modeled by Proga, Stone, & Kallman. The key parameter determining the role of the line force is not merely the presence of the luminous UV zone in the disk and the presence of the X-rays but also the distance of this UV zone from the center. The closer the UV zone to the center, the stronger the line force and subsequently the denser the disk wind launched by the line force. The density of the disk wind critically determines whether the wind will stay in a lower ionization state in the presence of the X-ray radiation and be further accelerated by the line force to supersonic velocities.
Ferromagnetic Hall Coefficient of Nickel Alloys

Published Hall coefficient data for binary Ni alloys have been examined in light of the Karplus-Luttinger theory of the ferromagnetic Hall effect. This theory indicates that the extraordinary Hall coefficient is related to the square of the electrical resistivity, ${R}_{1}=A{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{2}$. Neither the exponent nor the coefficient of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ varies as additions of up to 30 atomic percent Cu are made to pure Ni, and as the temperature is varied from 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 290\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. On the other hand, small additions of either Al, Si, or Sn to Ni cause a significant variation in $A$, but appear to leave the exponent of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ unaltered. A tentative explanation is offered for the difference in behavior.
Assessing impact of not attending lectures on osteopathic medical student performance: Brief survey of the literature and proposed future research

Abstract It has been anecdotally reported that osteopathic medical students often decrease their attendance of didactic lectures to increase time to study for the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States (COMLEX-USA). There is no strong evidence supporting the impact of attending vs. not attending didactic lectures on osteopathic medical student performance in courses during the first two years of osteopathic medical education. This paper provides a brief survey of the literature. The paper also presents a proposal for future research to assess the impact of not attending didactic lectures on student performance. The proposed study would provide needed evidence toward answering this question in the osteopathic medical school environment.
Augmentation rib grafting to the inferior border of the atrophic edentulous mandible: A 5-year experience

Summary Inferior border rib grafting appears to be a useful procedure in providing bony augmentation for severely atrophic edentulous mandibles. Major advantages to the prosthodontic patient are that (1) remodeling and changes in the denture-bearing surfaces are minimal following surgery, (2) the interocclusal space is unaltered, (3) in nonunion body fracturs occurring in severely atrophic mandibles, the ribs applied to the inferior-buccal and inferior-lingual aspects of the mandible hold the fragments in a much more favorable position, thus preventing superior elevation of the posterior segment and inferior displacement of the anterior segment, and (4) resorption rates seem acceptable. The patient should be informed of possible consequences. As with all preprosthetic special procedures, a psychosocial analysis may also be indicated.
Changes in extracellular adenosine during chemical or electrical brain stimulation

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in adenosine and adenosine metabolites during graded electrical stimulation or kainic acid-induced activation and to assess the role of adenosine in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to increased brain activity. A modified brain microdialysis technique was used to sample cerebral interstitial fluid (ISF), deliver drugs locally to the brain, electrically stimulate the brain, and measure local CBF (H2 clearance). Microdialysis probes were implanted bilaterally in the caudate nuclei of ketamine-anesthetized rats. Graded electrical stimulation at 5,15, and 30 Hz increased dialysate adenosine 1.5-fold, 2.3-fold, and 4.7-fold, respectively. Local infusion of kainic acid, an agonist of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate, produced a transient increase (2-fold) in dialysate adenosine and sustained increases in dialysate inosine (2-fold), hypoxanthine (4-fold) and CBF (2.4-fold). When the adenosine receptor antagonist 8(p-sulphophenyl)-theophylline (SPT, 10−3 M) was co-administered with kainic acid, CBF increased only 1.6-fold, while the increase in dialysate adenosine was augmented by 40%. These data demonstrate that ISF adenosine increases during brain activation and suggest that adenosine contributes to active hyperemia in the brain.
Age-related alteration of enolase in the free-living nematode, Turbatrix aceti

Abstract Enolase has been purified approximately 60–70-fold from both young and old Turbatrix aceti (nematodes). Both preparations are homogeneous as shown by gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion and other criteria. The “old” enolase has a sharply reduced specific activity both in crude homogenates and in the pure preparation, compared to the “young” enzyme. The “old” enzyme is also much more sensitive to heat as shown by heat-stability determinations. At 52.5 °C, a biphasic pattern is obtained with a rapidly deteriorating component amounting to 40% of the enzyme. The remaining activity depreciates more slowly but more rapidly than the rate of loss of “young” enzyme activity. The results support the idea that “old” enzyme consists of active and partially active molecules, or perhaps entirely of the latter, rather than a mixture of active and inactive molecules. Molecular weight (82,000), subunit size (41,000), absence of isozymes, K m , K i (phosphate), index of fluoride inhibition and net charge (gel electrophoresis) are the same for both preparations. Enolase from T. aceti has been compared with enolase from other sources. The nematode enzyme is similar to the rabbit enzyme with regard to molecular weight, subunits and index of fluoride inhibition but differs in charge and pH optimum.
Severe obstructive sleep apnea and associated snoring documented during external tocography

Severe obstructive sleep apnea, a disturbance of sleep resulting from intermittent periodic obstruction of the upper airway, was diagnosed after cardiotocography during which the external tocodynamometer disclosed a pattern initially thought to represent uterine activity. In spite of this obstructive sleep apnea with associated markedly low, hypoxic oxygen saturation levels and daytime somnolence of 10 to 12 hours from 32 weeks until delivery, subsequent fetal outcome was good.
Zone-melting apparatus for growing ice monocrystals☆

Abstract A zone-melting apparatus using an infrared heat lamp is described. Ice monocrystals can be grown from a polycrystalline charge without using a single crystal seed. The final orientation of the monocrystal will be determined by that original crystal whose a-axis shows the least deviation from the growth direction.
Intra- and intertask relationships in a behavioral test battery given to Tg2576 transgenic mice and controls.

Several transgenic mouse models for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that develop -amyloid deposition have recently been advanced, including the Tg2576 mouse. Thorough behavioral phenotyping of this, or any mouse line/population, requires not only analysis of multiple behavioral measures through a comprehensive battery of tasks, but also a clear understanding of the interrelationships between behavioral measures in such a battery. In our accompanying study (King et al., this volume), Tg2576 transgenic (Tg+) and nontransgenic (Tg-) mice aged 3-19 months were administered an extensive behavioral test battery. The present study involved correlation analysis between those behavioral measures. Numerous correlations were evident for all 169 mice (Tg+ and Tg-) combined, with additional correlations being dependent on genotype or age. For all mice combined, intratask measures in water maze and circular platform were highly correlated; in addition, several measures of activity correlated with each other, as did various measures of balance/agility. A number of correlations between the six cognitive-based tasks of the test battery (e.g. Y-maze, Morris water maze, circular platform, visible platform, passive avoidance, and active avoidance) were also evident, as were correlations between cognitive and sensorimotor measures. In as much as some correlations were found to be exclusive to either Tg+ or Tg- animals alone, separate analysis by genotype is clearly warranted whenever two or more genotypes are involved. Likewise, some correlations were age-dependent, being present either in young adulthood (3 months) or in old age (19 months). These correlation analysis results in mice indicate that: (1) performance in one or several behavioral measures can be predictive of performance in others and (2) both genetic background and age influence the degree and profile of intra-/intertask relationships in an extensive behavioral test battery.
Beneficial use of recycled materials in concrete mixtures

Abstract The need to incorporate recycled materials in building products is becoming more important than ever before. The use of recycled materials in concrete mixtures creates landfill avoidance and decreases the depletion of virgin raw materials. The basis for this research was to investigate the effects of using recycled materials, in varying amounts, on the fresh and hardened concrete properties. The recycled materials used in this study consisted of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and crushed waste glass. The GGBFS, or slag cement, was used as a replacement for the cement. The RCA and waste glass were used to replace the coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. The concrete mixtures designed ranged from a 25% replacement to one 100% replacement with recycled materials. In addition, a standard concrete mixture using cement and virgin aggregates was designed for comparison purposes. Fresh and hardened concrete properties were examined including slump, air content, unit weight, compressive strength, rate of strength gain, freeze–thaw durability, permeability, and alkali–silica reactivity (ASR) potential. The 100% recycled materials concrete had very low permeability and a compressive strength of 4200 psi (29.0 MPa) with 6.5% air content. Concrete mixtures composed of 50% and 75% recycled materials achieved strengths of nearly 7000 psi (48 MPa) and 6350 psi (43.8 MPa) respectively. Beneficial and negative effects of using recycled materials in concrete mixtures were investigated, including the potential alkali–silica reactivity (ASR) of using waste glass as aggregate. The slag cement, when used at replacement levels of 50%, was found to eliminate these concerns. The use of recycled materials was beneficial with regards to strength and durability up to 50% when compared with a normal concrete made from virgin materials.
Dosimetry in fast-neutron therapy by automatic readout of CR-39

Abstract The goal of our research is to develop the solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) CR-39 as a neutron dosimeter for in vivo measurements of neutron doses in fast neutron radiotherapy. This paper describes an image analysis system which was developed to automatically readout the CR-39 detectors, and the methods which were used to obtain consistent results.
Characterization of Acid-Neutralizing Basic Monomers in Co-Solvent Systems by NMR

Metabolic activity of the oral microbiota leads to acidification of the microenvironment and promotes demineralization of tooth structure at the margin of composite restorations. The pathogenic impact of the biofilm at the margin of the composite restoration could be reduced by engineering novel dentin adhesives that neutralize the acidic microenvironment. Integrating basic moieties into methacrylate derivatives has the potential to buffer against acid-induced degradation, and we are investigating basic monomers for this purpose. These monomers must be compatible with existing formulations, which are hydrophobic and marginally miscible with water. As such, co-solvent systems may be required to enable analysis of monomer function and chemical properties. Here the authors present an approach for examining the neutralizing capacity of basic methacrylate monomers in a water/ethanol co-solvent system using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR is an excellent tool for monitoring the impact of co-s...
A galaxy associated with 3C273

THE first OSO for which the redshift was determined, 3C273, has been regarded as the archetypal QSO by astronomers and the public alike. Its importance, however, is not purely symbolic: it is the brightest OSO (and, consequently, one of the best studied); its intrinsic luminosity is nearly an order of magnitude greater than that of any other QSO in its redshift range; it is the only solidly confirmed X-ray source1 among QSOs; and it is one of the half-dozen or so well-documented superluminal expansion VLB I radio sources2. In many ways, 3C273 epitomises the difficulties that led to suggestions that QSO redshifts might not have a cosmological origin. I report here the discovery of a galaxy associated with 3C273.
Evaluation of Polar WRF forecasts on the Arctic System Reanalysis Domain: 2. Atmospheric hydrologic cycle

[1] The forecast atmospheric hydrologic cycle of the Polar version 3.1.1 of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) is examined for December 2006 – November 2007. The domain is similar to the Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR), an assimilation of model fields and Arctic observations being conducted partly by the Byrd Polar Research Center. Simulations are performed in 48 h increments initialized daily at 0000 UTC, with the first 24 h discarded for model spin-up of the hydrologic cycle and boundary layer processes. Precipitation analysis reveals a negative annual mean bias (−9.4%) in the polar region, with particularly dry station biases reflected in the Canadian Archipelago. Annual mean bias for the midlatitudes is small and positive (4.6%), attributed to excessive precipitation during spring and summer when convective precipitation is dominant. An examination of precipitation within four major Arctic river basins shows large positive biases due to excessive convective precipitation in summer as well, but highlights the Arctic climate's strong dependence on midlatitude precipitation. Nudging the model's boundary layer moisture toward drier conditions decreases convective precipitation improving the prediction. Cloud fraction analysis shows too little cloud cover, supported by an excess in incident shortwave radiation and a deficit in downwelling longwave radiation throughout the domain. The longwave bias is present regardless of the amount of cloud water or cloud ice, demonstrating a need to improve cloud effects on radiation in Polar WRF. This examination provides a benchmark of the forecast atmospheric hydrological cycle of Polar WRF and its use as ASR's primary model.
Tenacious Inequalities Politics and Race in Philadelphia

Inequalities of race and class in American society persist despite numerous redistributive policies instituted by the government. A proposal to attack racial disadvantages at the local level—a hiring preference ordinance—is used to explore how the material manifestations of race and class, local political activity, and the structural requirements of local government subverted its adoption. The cleavages of class and race eroded widespread political support for the proposal and weakened its potential for effective implementation; the demands on the local government undermined the mayor's relationship with the city council and divided minority elected officials from their grass-roots constituencies. The setting is Philadelphia in the 1980s.
CoxC nanorod magnets: Highly magnetocrystalline anisotropy with lower Curie temperature for potential applications

Abstract Magnetic Co x C nanorods with larger magnetocrystalline anisotropy of 5×10 5 J/m 3 as well as larger coercivity and lower Curie temperature are introduced. The particles have an average diameter of 8 nm and shows three different magnetic behaviors. The sample shows ferromagnetism up to 400 K, superparamagnetism at temperature >400 K and T C (465 K) and paramagnetism above 465 K. Such different behaviors open the door for various applications such as permanent magnets, magnetic sensors and contract agent for magnetic resonance imaging.