cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal IgM with unique specificity to gangliosides GM1 and GD1b and to lacto‐N ‐tetraose associated with human motor neuron disease

IgM lambda monoclonal antibodies in two patients with motor neuron disease showed the same unique antigenic specificity. They bound to gangliosides GM1 and GD1b and to lacto-N-tetraose-BSA. By immunofluorescence microscopy they bound to central and peripheral nerve tissue and to motor end-plates at the neuromuscular junction. Sera from control subjects did not contain antibodies of similar specificity. Monoclonal IgMs with the same unique specificity could be responsible for motor neuron disease in some patients with monoclonal gammopathies.
Arthroscopic Capsular Repair in the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement

The role of capsular repair in the arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement remains poorly defined. Some surgeons rarely repair the capsule, whereas others perform repairs routinely. There is little direct clinical evidence to guide surgeon decision making. When capsular repairs are performed, the procedure requires adequate visualization and careful suture placement either to re-establish the patient's normal capsular volume or to plicate a redundant capsule in a hip with hyperlaxity preoperatively. We present our preferred technique for arthroscopic capsular repair.
Determination of free methyldopa in plasma by high-pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection.

A quantitative method for the analysis of free methyldopa in plasma is described. The method is based on reversed-phase highpressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection utilizing an ion-pairing agent. Separation of methyldopa from plasma is achieved by alumina adsorption. The parameters associated with the adsorption step are described. The lower limit of sensitivity is ∼ 10 ng of methyldopa/ml with a corresponding retention time of 6.9 min.
Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF)

A compact (R 0 ∼1.2–1.3m), low aspect ratio, low-Q (&#60;3) Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF) was recently assessed to provide a fully integrated, D-T-fueled, continuously driven plasma, volumetric nuclear environment of copious neutrons. This environment would be used, for the first time, to carry out discovery-driven research in fusion nuclear science and materials, in parallel with and complementary to ITER. This research would aim to test, discover, and understand new nuclear-nonnuclear synergistic interactions involving plasma material interactions, neutron material interactions, tritium fuel breeding and transport, and power extraction, and innovate and develop solutions for DEMO components. This facility properly designed could provide, initially using conservative JET-level D-T plasmas in Hot-Ion H-Mode, and an outboard fusion neutron flux of ∼0.33 MW/m2. If the research, facility operation, and component solutions were successful, the performance could be raised to 1 MW/m2 (fusion power ∼76 MW) by reaching for twice the JET plasma pressure and Q. Stable high-safety factor q and ² plasmas would be chosen to minimize plasma-induced disruptions, and deliver reliably a neutron fluence of 1 MW-yr/m2, if duty factors of ∼10% (accumulated plasma burn time in a year) can be achieved. Such duty factors would therefore require time-efficient installation and replacement of all components using remote handling (RH). These in turn would require RH-compatible modular designs for all internal components, a single-turn toroidal field coil center-post, and placement of support structures and vacuum seal welds behind the internal and shielding components. RH-enabled hot-cell laboratories would enable preparation and investigations of damages of the internal test components. The scientific and technical basis for such an FNSF, and the research needed in the next decade to manage the potential risks in its research capabilities, will be described.
Aerogel Templated ZnO Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Atomic layer deposition is employed to conformally coat low density, high surface area aerogel films with ZnO. The ZnO/aerogel membranes are incorporated as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells, which exhibit excellent power efficiencies of up to 2.4% under 100 mW cm{sup -2} light intensity.
SURFACE: detecting convergent evolution from comparative data by fitting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models with stepwise Akaike Information Criterion

Summary 1. We present a method, ‘SURFACE’, that uses the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stabilizing selection model to identify cases of convergent evolution using only continuous phenotypic characters and a phylogenetic tree. 2. SURFACE uses stepwise Akaike Information Criterion first to locate regime shifts on a tree, then to identify whether shifts are towards convergent regimes. Simulations can be used to test the hypothesis that a clade contains more convergence than expected by chance. 3. We demonstrate the method with an application to HawaiianTetragnatha spiders, and present numerical simulations showing that the method has desirable statistical properties given data for multiple traits. 4. The R packagesurface is available as open source software from the Comprehensive RA rchive Network.
Leakage losses for the dominant mode of conductor-backed coplanar waveguide

The attenuation constant for the dominant mode of a covered, conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) is computed using the spectral domain technique. Attenuation is due to leakage in the form of the parallel-plate TEM mode in the substrate region. Curves are provided to assist in predicting leakage losses for monolithic microwave integrated circuits. >
Structure of the human transferrin receptor-transferrin complex.

much is understood of the transferrin endocytotic cy- gistic anion, usually carbonate. The carbonate ion, two cle, little has been uncovered of the molecular details Tyr, a His, and an Asp satisfy the coordination needs of underlying the formation of the receptor-transferrin Fe 3 to form a strong iron binding site in the closed complex. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we have conformation of Tf. Iron release is triggered by a drop produced a density map of the TfR-Tf complex at sub- in pH, which results first in protonation and dissociation nanometer resolution. An atomic model, obtained by of the synergistic anion, followed by protonation of His fitting crystal structures of diferric Tf and the receptor and/or Tyr ligands, and ultimately in release of the iron. ectodomain into the map, shows that the Tf N-lobe For passage across the endosomal membrane via the is sandwiched between the membrane and the TfR iron transporter DMT1, iron must be reduced to the fer- ectodomain and that the C-lobe abuts the receptor rous state; whether such reduction precedes or follows helical domain. When Tf binds receptor, its N-lobe release from transferrin is not clear.
On the transverse expansion of ions in front of a segmented electrode

The transverse evolution of ions in front of two juxtaposed electrodes whose electric potentials are independently applied is calculated. The particle motion is described with nonlinear fluid equations and a self-consistent electric field.
Cardioselective beta-blocker treatment of hypertension in patients with asthma: when do benefits outweigh risks?

Background. Benefits outweigh risks of cardioselective beta-blocker therapy in patients with nonsevere asthma and a history of heart failure or myocardial infarction (MI). This review summarizes the risks versus benefits of using cardioselective beta-blockers in the treatment of hypertension in patients with asthma. Methods. We searched the English literature from 1976 to 2011 via PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS using the following search terms: “beta-blocker treatment of hypertension” AND “asthma”; “cardioselective beta-blockers” AND “asthma.” When pertinent articles were found, we assessed relevant articles cited in those papers. All studies related to cardioselective beta-blocker use in patients with asthma and hypertension were included. Results. Seven studies with patient populations ranging from 10 to 17 patients evaluated cardioselective beta-blockers in patients with asthma and hypertension. Atenolol and/or immediate-release metoprolol were evaluated in these studies. The duration of beta-blocker thera...
Educational Neurogaming: EEG-Controlled Videogames as Interactive Teaching Tools For Introductory Neuroscience

In order to advance the field of neuroscience, we must continue motivating youth to pursue science education. In this report we tested the idea of combining neurogaming with education. We developed a pair of electroencephalography (EEG)-controlled neurogames using inexpensive and/or free tools to teach students about the fundamentals of neuroscience and brain machine interfaces (BMI) through a fun, interactive activity. We report on the particular concepts they allowed us to introduce, the techniques and methods we used, and the effect of the activities on stimulating students’ interest in neuroscience, and discuss how to optimize the learning experience. We conclude that educational neurogames could be a key tool for furthering and motivating neuroscience education.
Assessing translocation outcome: Comparing behavioral and physiological aspects of translocated and resident African elephants (Loxodonta africana)

Evaluating translocation outcomes is important for improving wildlife management and conservation actions. Often, when quick decisions need to be made and long-lived animals with slow reproduction rates are translocated, traditional assessment methods such as long-term survival and reproductive success cannot be used for assessing translocation outcomes. Thus, alternative, seldom used, measures such as comparing the behavior and physiology of translocated animals to those of local residents should be employed to assess the translocated animals’ acclimation to their new home. Here we monitored the survival, physiology, and behavior of translocated African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and compared these measures to the local resident population at the release site. Adult male and female translocated elephants’ death rates were higher than those of the local population. Furthermore, the mortality rate of translocated adult males and calves was greater than expected based on their proportion in the translocated elephant population. No difference was found in stress hormone levels between the two populations, but the body condition of the translocated elephants was significantly poorer than that of the local population throughout the study period. The behavioral time budgets of the translocated elephants converged with those of the local population over time. Finally, translocated elephants utilized habitat that was similar to their source site (hills and permanent rivers) more than did the local population. Based on these findings we recommend careful consideration of timing, release location, and individuals targeted in future elephant translocations. More broadly, we introduce and explore seldom used translocation assessment techniques.
The carbon-concentrating mechanism of the hydrothermal vent chemolithoautotroph Thiomicrospira crunogena.

Chemolithoautotrophic bacteria grow in habitats with a variety of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations and are likely to have transport-related adaptations to DIC scarcity. Carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) are present in many species of cyanobacteria, enabling them to grow in the
Analog-input analog-weight dot-product operation with Ag/a-Si/Pt memristive devices

We demonstrate that hybrid circuit consisting of Ag/a-Si/Pt memristive devices and silicon operational amplifier can perform analog dot-product computation. The high conductive states in the considered memristive device are linear, making it useful for general analog-input analog-weight operations. In particular, in proposed hybrid circuits, input analog voltage is multiplied by analog weight (conductance) of memristive devices, and the resulting currents are passively summed with the inverting configuration operational amplifier. The proposed concept is checked experimentally by demonstrating passive mixing of two continuous analog signals using a discrete chip operational amplifier and Ag/a-Si/Pt memristive devices, which are programmed using a recently demonstrated variation-tolerant algorithm with a high precision.
Warehouse creation-a potential roadblock to data warehousing

Data warehousing is gaining in popularity as organizations realize the benefits of being able to perform sophisticated analyses of their data. Recent years have seen the introduction of a number of data-warehousing engines, from both established database vendors as well as new players. The engines themselves are relatively easy to use and come with a good set of end-user tools. However, there is one key stumbling block to the rapid development of data warehouses, namely that of warehouse population. Specifically, problems arise in populating a warehouse with existing data since it has various types of heterogeneity. Given the lack of good tools, this task has generally been performed by various system integrators, e.g., software consulting organizations which have developed in-house tools and processes for the task. The general conclusion is that the task has proven to be labor-intensive, error-prone, and generally frustrating, leading a number of warehousing projects to be abandoned mid-way through development. However, the picture is not as grim as it appears. The problems that are being encountered in warehouse creation are very similar to those encountered in data integration, and they have been studied for about two decades. However, not all problems relevant to warehouse creation have been solved, and a number of research issues remain. The principal goal of this paper is to identify the common issues in data integration and data-warehouse creation.
Processes to Activate Phase III Clinical Trials in a Cooperative Oncology Group: The Case of Cancer and Leukemia Group B

Purpose National Cancer Institute–sponsored cooperative oncology groups are major sponsors of phase III clinical trials, yet the time and steps required to design and activate such studies has not been well studied. We examine the processes and document the calendar time required to activate such studies opened by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB). Methods Setup steps were documented by (1) interviewing CALGB headquarters and statistical center staff and committee chairs to discover the steps required to transit from concept development to final study activation, (2) reviewing procedure manuals, and (3) inspecting all study records, documents, and e-mails to identify any additional steps. Calendar time was collected for each major process. Results Thirteen phase III studies were activated by CALGB during the study period of May 2002 to May 2005. More than 370 distinct processes were required for study activation: 317 work steps, 42 decision points, and 29 processing loops. Sixty-three percent of the...
THE EVOLUTION OF MULTIPLE MATING BEHAVIOR BY HONEY BEE QUEENS (APIS MELLIFERA L.)

A model is presented showing that natural selection operating at the individual level can adequately explain the evolution of multiple mating behavior by honey bee queens. Group selection need not be invoked. The fitness of a given female genotype is a function of the number of sex alleles in the population, the number of matings by an individual female and the specific parameters that determine the relationship of brood viability to individual fitness. Even though the exact relationship is not known, it is almost certainly not linear. A nonlinear relationship between worker brood viability and fitness and a significant genetic load associated with the sex-determination system in honey bees are the essential components of this model.
Molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Amphistichinae (Teleostei: Embiotocidae) reveals parallel divergent evolution of red pigmentation in two rapidly evolving lineages of sand‐dwelling surfperch

Pigment evolution was reconstructed in the subfamily Amphistichinae, a six-species clade of the surfperches, family Embiotocidae. Assignment was confirmed for all species within the subfamily, but low levels of differentiation were found among species within the subfamily, suggesting a recent radiation. The new phylogeny differs from previous hypotheses by the placement of the spotfin surfperch Hyperprosopon anale at the base of the subfamily, while still preserving the calico surfperch Amphistichus koelzi and the redtailed surfperch Amphistichus rhodoterus as sister species. Phenotypically, A. rhodoterus, A. koelzi and the silver surfperch Hyperprosopon ellipticum express high levels of red pigmentation. The barred surfperch, Amphistichus argenteus and the walleye surfperch Hyperprosopon argenteum express little to no red pigment, while basal H. anale expresses an intermediate amount of red pigment. Red pigmentation is proposed to have experienced parallel divergent evolution in each genus within the subfamily. [Correction added after online publication 19 July 2011: species names corrected]
Differentiation of visibility and alcohol as contributors to twilight road fatalities

Elevated road fatality rates at night involve multiple variables, each of which contributes to an unknown degree. In order to determine the relative contributions of reduced visibility and drivers' consumption of alcohol, we performed two quasi-experiments analyzing data recorded by the U.S. Fatal Accident Reporting System from 1980 through 1990. The results confirmed that both variables play a major role in nighttime road fatalities and revealed new evidence that they contribute differentially to two classes of fatal collisions: Degraded visibility in low illumination is associated primarily with collisions involving pedestrians and pedalcyclists, whereas drivers' consumption of alcohol plays a larger role in other fatal collisions.
Gene Expression in Mouse Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos: Use of Suppression Subtractive Hybridization to Identify Oocyte- and Embryo-Specific Genes

The paucity of biological material has inhibited identifying genes that are differentially expressed during mammalian oogenesis and preimplantation development. We report here the linear amplification of mRNA from small numbers of mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos to generate amounts of sense RNA that are sufficient for suppression subtractive hybridization. The resulting oocyte-specific and 8-cell-specific cDNA libraries were partially characterized, and the known oocyte-specific ZP1, ZP2, GDF-9, BMP15, and H1oo genes were found in the oocyte-specific cDNA library but not in the 8-cell-specific library. Further characterization of the subtracted oocyte and 8cell embryo cDNA libraries should furnish a trove of information regarding temporal changes in gene expression during oogenesis and preimplantation development in the mouse. developmental regulation, embryo, gametogenesis, gene regulation, oocyte development
Microfluidic diagnostic tool for the developing world: contactless impedance flow cytometry

In this work, we demonstrate a novel and cost-effective approach to implement a disposable microfluidic contactless impedance cytometer. Conventional methods for single cell impedance cytometry use microfabricated electrodes in direct contact with the buffer to measure changes of its electrical impedance when cells pass through the applied electric field. However, this approach requires expensive microfabrication of electrodes, and also, the fabricated electrodes cannot be reused without thorough and time-consuming cleaning process. Here, we introduce a novel approach to allow for single cell impedance cytometry using electrodes that can be reused, without the need for microfabrication of the electrodes. This disposable device can be potentially inserted onto a printed circuit board (PCB) which has a non-disposable, yet inexpensive, electronic reading apparatus. This significantly reduces the manufacturing costs, making it suitable for low resource settings, such as point-of-care testing in the developing countries.
Liver Transplantation for Cholestatic Liver Diseases in Adults

Liver transplantation (LT) is an established lifesaving therapy for patients with cholestatic liver diseases, including primary cholestatic diseases, namely primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, as well as secondary forms of cholestatic liver disease, including those with cholestatic complications of LT needing a retransplant. Patients with cholestatic liver diseases can be transplanted for complications of end-stage liver disease or for disease-specific symptoms before the onset of end-stage liver disease. These patients should be regularly assessed. Patient survival after LT for cholestatic liver diseases is generally better than for other indications.
Granulomatous Synovitis and Osteitis Caused by Sporothrix schenckii

Sporotrichosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation involving bones and joints. The organisms are difficult to demonstrate in direct smears and in histologic sections, but they grow readily on routine fungal culture media. The cases of two patients, one with sporothrix arthritis and one with sporothrix arthritis and osteitis, are presented. The latter patient underwent ten surgical procedures over a period of 6½ years and was treated for tuberculous arthritis without a definite diagnosis before fungal cultures were obtained and Sporothrix schenckii isolated.
Measurements of response functions of EJ-299-33A plastic scintillator for fast neutrons

Abstract Monoenergetic neutron response functions were measured for an EJ-299-33A plastic scintillator. The 7-MV Van de Graaff accelerator at the University of Kentucky Accelerator Laboratory was used to produce proton and deuteron beams for reactions with gaseous tritium and deuterium targets, yielding monoenergetic neutrons by means of the 3 H(p,n) 3 He , 2 H(d,n) 3 He , and 3 H(d,n) 4 He reactions. The neutron energy was selected by tuning the charged-particle’s energy and using the angular dependence of the neutron emission. The resulting response functions were measured for 0.1-MeV steps in neutron energy from 0.1 MeV to 8.2 MeV and from 12.2 MeV to 20.2 MeV. Experimental data were processed using a procedure for digital pulse-shape discrimination, which allowed characterization of the response functions of the plastic scintillator to neutrons only. The response functions are intended for use in neutron spectrum unfolding methods.
The Pressure Chamber as an Instrument for Ecological Research

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the pressure chamber as an instrument for ecological research. It provides the workers with a thorough and useful discussion of the effective use of the pressure chamber technique. It offers a uniform terminology. To assemble, interpret, and evaluate published ecological studies the pressure chamber has been employed. And suggest areas of research where the technique is potentially useful. The chapter discusses some unknowns and problems associated with the pressure chamber. Assembly of the device and its associated components is briefly discussed. The chapter reviews the status of the pressure chamber technique in current ecological and eco-physiological research and suggests what appear to be promising new directions and applications. Four strategies for expressing and interpreting P data were explored. The pressure chamber may also be used effectively in studies of plant pathology, entomology, and pollution effects. Activities of pathogenic agents which disrupt vascular function or cause membrane damage can often be detected. Productive use of the pressure chamber technique in forestry, agriculture, and horticulture in such operations as irrigation, transplanting, and fertilization has proved successful.
Unverifiable and erroneous publications reported by obstetrics and gynecology residency applicants.

Objective To estimate the rate of erroneous and unverifiable publications in applications for an obstetrics and gynecology residency and to determine whether there were associated characteristics that could assist in predicting which applicants are more likely to erroneously cite their publications. Methods This was a review of the Electronic Residency Application Service applications submitted to the University of Washington obstetrics and gynecology residency for the 2008 and 2009 matches. Publications reported to be peer-reviewed articles and abstracts were searched by querying PubMed, Google, and journal archives (first tier), topic-specific databases (second tier), and by e-mailing journal editors (third tier). Errors were categorized as minor, major, and unverified. Results Five-hundred forty-six (58%) of 937 applicants listed a total of 2,251 publication entries. Three-hundred fifty-three applicants (37.7%) listed 1,000 peer-reviewed journal articles and abstracts, of which 751 were reported as published and 249 as submitted or accepted. Seven-hundred seventy (77.0%) publications were found by a first-tier search, 51 (5.1%) were found by a second-tier search, 23 (2.3%) were found by a third-tier search, and 156 (15.6%) were unverified. Of the 353 applicants listing peer-reviewed articles or abstracts, 25.5% (90 of 353) committed major errors, 12.5% (44 of 353) committed minor errors, and 24.1% (85 of 353) had articles or abstracts that were unverified. Conclusion Most applicants reported their publications accurately or with minor errors; however, a concerning number of applicants had major errors in their citations or reported articles that could not be found, despite extensive searching. Reported major and unverified publication errors are common and should cause concern for our specialty, medical schools, and our entire medical profession.
Effect of Maximum Acceptable vs. Maximum Capacity Instructions for Three Lifting Tasks

Psychophysical techniques for establishing lifting guidelines are used by industry and the military. The instructions used during industrial research refer to maximum acceptable lifts (MAL), while the military uses maximum capacity lifts (MCL). The purpose of this study was to determine male and female soldiers' load selections using two sets of instructions (MAL and MCL) and two lift heights (floor-knuckle and knuckle-shoulder) for three lifting tasks (one-repetition maximum, 1-hr and 8-hr repetitive lifting). Thirteen male and 13 female soldiers participated in this study. A repeated measures analysis of variance identified main effects. Newman-Keuls Comparison of Means were used to examine significant interactions. Results revealed no difference due to instructions. Men selected a greater load than women, and greater loads were selected for floor-knuckle versus knuckle-shoulder (p < 0.05). Although slight differences were seen between loads selected by industrial workers vs. soldiers, the research resu...
Predicting the Sensitivity of Multiscale Coarse-Grained Models to their Underlying Fine-Grained Model Parameters

The sensitivity of a coarse-grained (CG) force field to changes in the underlying fine-grained (FG) model from which it was derived provides modeling insight for improving transferability across interaction parameters, transferability across temperature, and the calculation of thermodynamic derivatives. Methods in the literature, such as multi-trajectory finite differences and reweighted finite differences, are either too computationally demanding to calculate within acceptable noise tolerances or are too biased for practical accuracy. This work presents a new reweighting-free, single-simulation formula that allows for practical, high signal-to-noise calculations of CG model sensitivity with respect to FG model interaction parameters and thermodynamic state points. This formula, the self-consistent basis (SCB) single point formula, determines the many-body sensitivity in a single step by approximating the derivative of the many-body potential projected onto the same set of trial functions as the sensitivi...
Standing to Sue: Transformations in Supreme Court Methodology, Doctrine, and Results,

When the standing issue was raised in the Supreme Court prior to 1954, the Court confined federal judicial power to traditional kinds of actions. Between 1937 and 1954 it began to require the plaintiff to have suffered an "injury in fact," saying this was required by the "case and controversy" terms of Article III and by the separation of powers doctrine. During its instrumentalist era (1954-1986), and particularly during the 1960s, the Court began to transform standing doctrine in ways that would permit "citizens attorney general" very wide latitude to bring actions in federal courts against regulated parties and government officials to require compliance with the law. Standing was said to be a prudential doctrine meant to assure concrete adversariness. However, the post-instrumentalist Court (1986-today) and the court in the waning days of instrumentalism (1974-1986), transformed standing doctrine back substantially to what it was before the instrumental era by insisting, particularly in Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U. S. 555 (1992), that "injury in fact" is a requirement imposed by Article III. Not even a congressional enactment can dispense of this requirement, although Congress can create personal rights and compensable injuries not previously recognized.
K-ras Mutations as Molecular Markers of Lung Cancer

In recent years, molecular tumor markers have found increasing clinical application in a variety of tumors. In lung cancer, however, they are still primarily research tools, and are only beginning to move towards clinical application. In general, molecular genetic tumor markers may be of potential use in at least four distinct clinical settings: 1) for diagnostic purposes, when a malignancy is suspected, and molecular studies are performed on biopsy specimens or biological fluids such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or sputum [1–4]; 2) for the early diagnosis of disease relapse following therapy for malignancy [5, 6]; 3) for improved pathological staging of malignancy, where the application of sensitive tumor markers may improve the ability to detect micrometastases [7–10]; 4) for cancer screening, in asymptomatic populations [11]. DNA-based tumor markers may eventually come to play a role in all four areas in lung cancer.
Differential transcriptome expression in human nucleus accumbens as a function of loneliness

Loneliness is associated with impaired mental and physical health. Studies of lonely individuals reported differential expression of inflammatory genes in peripheral leukocytes and diminished activation in brain reward regions such as nucleus accumbens, but could not address gene expression in the human brain. Here, we examined genome-wide RNA expression in post-mortem nucleus accumbens from donors (N=26) with known loneliness measures. Loneliness was associated with 1710 differentially expressed transcripts and genes from 1599 genes (DEGs; false discovery rate P<0.05, fold change ⩾|2|, controlling for confounds) previously associated with behavioral processes, neurological disease, psychological disorders, cancer, organismal injury and skeletal and muscular disorders, as well as networks of upstream RNA regulators. Furthermore, a number of DEGs were associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) genes (that was correlated with loneliness in this sample, although gene expression analyses controlled for AD diagnosis). These results identify novel targets for future mechanistic studies of gene networks in nucleus accumbens and gene regulatory mechanisms across a variety of diseases exacerbated by loneliness.
FEA Consumer Needs Model: Looking Forward, Looking Back

The FEA Consumer Needs Model (Lamb & Kallal,1992) considers Functional, Expressive and Aesthetic criteria for apparel design. Since 1992, use of this model has gone beyond preparing student designers to understand consumer needs to use as a theoretical framework by practicing designers and design scholars. We assessed use of the FEA Consumer Needs Model and Apparel Design Framework within scholarly publications and found the paper has been cited by more than 100 different first authors; some with multiple publications citing the article, demonstrating its relevance and impact over time. In applications of this conceptual framework, authors used the consumer needs focus to assess FEA criteria for products for various consumer groups. Some altered the model by not including all three criteria, or adding additional criteria. Design solutions included functional design for health and well-being, sports apparel and smart clothing, fashion apparel, textiles, costumes, fashion history as inspiration, and non-apparel items.
Stiffness Gradients in Glassy Polymer Model Nanocomposites: Comparisons of Quantitative Characterization by Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

The issue of how significantly and over what length scales stiffness or modulus can be modified by the presence of a substrate or nanoparticle interface is important in the design and performance of polymer nanocomposites and nanostructured polymers. Here, we provide the first comparison of stiffness gradient length scales in polymeric materials characterized by two techniques: fluorescence spectroscopy (which is sensitive to molecular caging and hence to modulus) and AFM (which, coupled with finite element analysis, provides a direct determination of modulus). After cooling samples from 140 °C at 1 °C/min, characterization is done at room temperature on model nanocomposites in which a polystyrene (PS) film is supported on both sides by glass substrates. In confined model nanocomposites, the local stiffness enhancement relative to bulk is the result of perturbations from both substrate interfaces. In a 266 nm thick PS model nanocomposite, perturbations to modulus extend ∼200 nm from each interface in a no...
Neurodevelopmental maturation as a function of irritable temperament: Insights From a Naturalistic Emotional Video Viewing Paradigm.

Few studies have investigated the neural systems involved in decreasing behavioral reactivity to emotional stimuli as children age. It has been suggested that this process may interact with temperament-linked variations in neurodevelopment to better explain individual differences in the maturation of emotion regulation. In this investigation, children ages 4 to 12 (n = 30, mean age = 7.62 years, SD = 1.71 years) and adults (n = 21, mean age = 26.67 years) watched clips from popular children's films containing positive, negative, or neutral emotional content during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to adults, children demonstrated greater activation in subcortical and visual regions (hippocampus, thalamus, visual cortex, fusiform) during negative clips and greater activation of subcortical and prefrontal regions during positive clips (hippocampus, thalamus, caudate, ACC, OFC, superior frontal cortex). In children only, we found an age by temperament interaction in frontal and subcortical regions indicating that activation increased as a function of age in the most irritable children, but decreased as a function of age in the least irritable children. Findings were not present in the temperament domain of fear. Findings replicate and extend the existing irritability literature, indicating that healthy children highest in irritability may develop comparatively greater activation of the lateral prefrontal cortex in order to support adaptive regulation during emotional challenges. These results are discussed within the context of the emerging literature on the utility of complex, multidimensional, and naturalistic stimuli, which present a complementary alternative to understanding ecologically valid and sustained neural responses to emotionally evocative stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5307-5321, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety Engineering as Applied to the Handling of Liquefied Atmospheric Gases

In the development of the present large-scale production and distribution of liquefied atmospheric gases many unusual hazards were encountered. The following is intended to clarify these hazards and to outline some of the means used to overcome them.
Condom and Substance Use at Last Sex: Differences between MSMO and MSWO High School Youth

HIV disproportionately impacts youth, particularly young men who have sex with men (YMSM), a population that includes subgroups of young men who have sex with men only (YMSMO) and young men who have sex with men and women (YMSMW). In 2015, among male youth, 92% of new HIV diagnoses were among YMSM. The reasons why YMSM are disproportionately at risk for HIV acquisition, however, remain incompletely explored. We performed event-level analyses to compare how the frequency of condom use, drug and/or alcohol use at last sex differed among YMSMO and YMSWO (young men who have sex with women only) over a ten-year period from 2005⁻2015 within the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). YMSMO were less likely to use condoms at last sex compared to YMSWO. However, no substance use differences at last sexual encounter were detected. From 2005⁻2015, reported condom use at last sex significantly declined for both YMSMO and YMSWO, though the decline for YMSMO was more notable. While there were no significant differences in alcohol and substance use at last sex over the same ten-year period for YMSMO, YMSWO experienced a slight but significant decrease in reported alcohol and substance use. These event-level analyses provide evidence that YMSMO, similar to adult MSMO, may engage in riskier sexual behaviors compared to YMSWO, findings which may partially explain the increased burden of HIV in this population. Future work should investigate how different patterns of event-level HIV risk behaviors vary over time among YMSMO, YMSWO, and YMSMW, and are tied to HIV incidence among these groups.
Evaluating Collective Effects: A Participatory Approach to Mapping Public Information About Water Issues in an Uncertain and Politicized Context

This chapter focuses on developing theoretically defensible and politically sensitive metrics through a participatory geographic information system (PGIS). This is particularly useful in cases where information related to a water governance problem is distributed across a variety of organizations in a variety of formats. The chapter describes a participatory mapping exercise relate to public outreach and then compare differences in available water information availability across metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. The PGIS process led to a different set of outcomes than conventional approaches to GIS data collection and analysis. Each map uses a different combination of data aggregation (census tract, zip code, or distance buffer) and accounting method (a count or an economic proxy). This accommodates diverse data sources and participant concerns while also addressing conventional GIS concerns like the modifiable aerial unit problem.
The Idea of Conscience in High School Students. Development of Judgments of Responsibility in Democratic Just Community Programs

Today I want to discuss the idea of judgments of responsibility for moral action as one manifestation of the idea of conscience and to show the influence of certain social environments of institutions on the development of the ability to make judgments of responsibility.
Some patient interventions increased thiazide prescriptions and improved blood pressure control.

Source Citation Kaboli P, Howren MB, Ishani A, et al. Efficacy of patient activation interventions with or without financial incentives to promote prescribing of thiazides and hypertension control:...
Aging and the treatment of basal cell carcinoma.

Abstract Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most commonly diagnosed type of skin cancer. BCCs are especially prevalent in the elderly population, given their association with cumulative sun exposure and other risk factors. In this contribution, we outline geriatric concepts related to the care of older adults with BCCs. We describe how a patient’s life expectancy can be estimated and combined with tumor characteristics to determine lag time to benefit, a concept to better understand whether patients will experience the efficacy of a treatment within their life span. We also review the possibility of current BCC overdiagnosis and summarize the effectiveness, benefits, and risks of common treatments for BCCs, noting that all treatment modalities have special considerations when administered to older adults. In particular, nonsurgical treatments might be preferable for older adults with a limited life expectancy. Ultimately, we argue that the decision of whether and how to treat a BCC should be the result of shared decision-making between the provider and the patient and take into account not only tumor characteristics, but also patient values and preferences.
Changes in physical activity after building a greenway in a disadvantaged urban community: A natural experiment.

Abstract Few studies have evaluated physical activity changes in response to active transportation investments in low-income disadvantaged communities. This quasi-experimental pre-post paired location design assessed physical activity responses to a 1.5-mile urban greenway constructed in 2013 along arterial streets in a poor, high-crime, predominantly African-American neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pre-construction (2011) and post-construction (fall 2014), systematic observations (N = 8783) and environmental audit data were collected at the greenway and a comparison area. Post-construction intercept surveys were collected at the greenway (N = 175). Secondary data sources included census 2010–2014 and crime rates. Post-construction, there were notable improvements in street and sidewalk design, however, conditions remained sub-optimal and crime remained high. Most greenway users resided in the neighborhood and were daily users. Systematic observations at the greenway found slight increases in non-walking MVPA after construction (running or bicycling rose from 4% to 9%) and MVPA that included walking-fast (rose from 16% to 18%). However, the magnitude of the increase was similar to the increase in MVPA observed at the comparison site, which suggested that intensity of physical activity did not change as a result of the greenway (p-value > 0.15 for adjusted interaction between pre-post and location). Greenways, absent comprehensive improvements to the built and social environment, may be insufficient to promote MVPA in very disadvantaged high-crime urban communities.
Incidence and risk factors of dysphagia after variceal band ligation.

Background/Aims: There is a lack of data on long-term morbidity, particularly dysphagia, following endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL). The aim of this study are to assess the incidence of dysphagia and variables associated with this complication after EVL. Methods: We identified individuals who completed at least one session of EVL as their sole treatment for varices from August 2012 to December 2017. Included patients achieved “complete eradication” of varices not requiring further therapy. Patients ≥90 days from their last EVL session completed a modified version of the Mayo Clinic Dysphagia Questionnaire. Individuals with dysphagia were invited to undergo a barium esophagram. Patients with pre-EVL dysphagia were excluded. Results: Of the patients, 68 possessed inclusion criteria, nine (13.2%) died and 20 (29.4%) were lost to follow up. For the remaining 39 (57.4%) patients, 23 were males, mean age of 61.7±8.6 years. The most common etiology of liver disease was hepatitis C virus (n=18; 46.2%). The median number of banding sessions was 2.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.0-4.0) with a median of 9.0 bands placed (IQR, 3.0-14.0). Twelve patients (30.8%) developed new-onset dysphagia post-EVL. In univariate analysis, pre-EVL MELD score and non-emergent initial banding were associated with long-term dysphagia. In a regression model adjusted for age, sex, number of bands, and use of acid suppression after EVL, no factor was independently associated with dysphagia (all P>0.05). No strictures were identified on subsequent esophageal evaluation. Conclusions: Approximately 30% of patients developed new-onset, chronic dysphagia post-EVL. Incident dysphagia was associated with a non-emergent initial banding session. The mechanism for dysphagia remains unknown. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2019;25:374-380)
A Single Small-Scale Plutonium Redox Reaction System Yields Three Crystallographically-Characterizable Organoplutonium Complexes.

An approach to obtaining substantial amounts of data from a hazardous starting material that can only be obtained and handled in small quantities is demonstrated by the investigation of a single small-scale reaction of cyclooctatetraene, C8H8, with a solution obtained from the reduction of Cp'3Pu (Cp' = C5H4SiMe3) with potassium graphite. This one reaction coupled with oxidation of a product has provided single-crystal X-ray structural data on three organoplutonium compounds as well as information on redox chemistry thereby demonstrating an efficient route to new reactivity and structural information on this highly radioactive element. The crystal structures were obtained from the reduction of C8H8 by a putative Pu(II) complex, (Cp'3PuII)1-, generated in situ, to form the Pu(III) cyclooctatetraenide complex, [K(crypt)][(C8H8)2PuIII], 1-Pu, and the tetra(cyclopentadienyl) Pu(III) complex, [K(crypt)][Cp'4PuIII], 2-Pu. Oxidation of the sample of 1-Pu with Ag(I) afforded a third organoplutonium complex that has been structurally characterized for the first time, (C8H8)2PuIV, 3-Pu. Complexes 1-Pu and 3-Pu contain Pu sandwiched between parallel (C8H8)2- rings. The (Cp'4PuIII)- anion in 2-Pu features three η5-Cp' rings and one η1-Cp' ring, which is a rare example of a formal Pu-C η1-bond. In addition, this study addresses the challenge of small-scale synthesis imparted by radiological and material availability of transuranium isotopes, in particular that of pure metal samples. A route to an anhydrous Pu(III) starting material from the more readily available PuIVO2 was developed to facilitate reproducible syntheses and allow complete spectroscopic analysis of 1-Pu and 2-Pu. PuIVO2 was converted to PuIIIBr3(DME)2 (DME = CH3OCH2CH2OCH3) and subsequently PuIIIBr3(THF)x, which was used to independently synthesize 1-Pu, 2-Pu, and 3-Pu.
Study on discharge decomposition characteristics of environmentally friendly gas C6F12O/CO2

Abstract Recently, finding a new environmentally insulating medium which can replace SF6 has become a research hotspot in the power industry field in recent years. Current research shows that C6F12O has good environmental performance and dielectric strength. In order to further explore the potential of C6F12O/CO2 mixed gas used in medium and low-voltage level electrical equipment, this paper has explored its decomposition characteristics through theoretical calculations and power frequency breakdown tests. First, the formation process of C6F12O decomposition products is calculated by using density functional theory. Then, the decomposition products of C6F12O/CO2 gas mixture with 6% C6F12O was detected by GC-MS after 50 times power frequency breakdown tests. Theoretical calculations show that the C–C bond and C–F bond in the C6F12O molecule are broken to form free radicals CF3•, C2F5•, C3F7• and F atoms, and then they further combine to form fluorocarbon compounds CF4, C2F6, C3F8, C3F6 and C5F12. Among them, the reactions of forming CF4, C2F6 and C3F8 are easier to occur. In the temperature range of 0–1000 K, with the temperature rising, the energy of the main decomposition products does not change much. At the same time, the experimental results show that the breakdown voltage of C6F12O/CO2 mixed gas with 6% C6F12O is about 1.5 times that of pure CO2 under 0.14 MPa. The components and content of the decomposition products are consistent with the theoretical calculation results. The above conclusions can provide theoretical basis and engineering guidance for the application of C6F12O/CO2 mixed gas.