cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reflexões sobre a atuação do Gestor Educacional Católico na contemporaneidade

O presente texto discute sobre a gestao educacional com base em diversos autores que tratam do tema e tambem dos princi­pios do humanismo cristao. A partir de algumas demandas que se apresentam i gestao educacional, busca-se evidenciar a contribuicao do gestor educacional catolico para construir uma educacao alicercada em princi­pios eticos e cristaos. A abordagem e de cunho qualitativo, com revisao de literaturapertinente ao tema e contribuicoes do diario de campo dos pesquisadores, agregada i construcao do texto. Foram encontrados resultados favoraveis ao objetivo que se buscava alcancar, descortinando e resgatando valores e princi­pios cristaos que conduzem a atuacao do gestor educacional catolico. Nesta reflexao, desvelaram-se aspectos do perfil do gestor catolico, o qual ve se aproximar, com mais certeza, a utopia de alcancar uma gestao humanizada. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam, no perfil do gestor e nas praticas de gestao, alguns princi­pios, como: dignidade e reverencia i vida, pratica da fraternidade, desenvolvimento de relacionamentos positivos, vida plena, justica, solidariedade, dialogo, tolerância, igualdade, equili­brio entre racionalidade e espiritualidade. Conclui-se o presente texto com o alento de que o gestor educacional catolico pode contribuir para desenvolver a educacao almejada, pois ele mesmo traz em seu perfil os referidos princi­pios e educa pelo exemplo.
Energy trading in the distribution system using a non-model based game theoretic approach

Abstract A comprehensive energy trading market is proposed at the distribution level using a model-free, game theoretic approach. The proposed market is modeled as a non-cooperative, multiplayer game, and a Nash equilibrium solution is obtained using an extremum seeking algorithm. For the game model, a non-cooperative market structure is proposed with an embedded notion of each player’s reputation. Besides that, an index is proposed that tracks the commitments of each player, rewards them according to their past behavior, and improves market reliability. Moreover, the proposed index, referred to as a Market Reputation Index, promotes fairness by rewarding good players and also encourages installation of an energy management system with accurate forecasting. A new, low-complexity, model free approach (i.e., Extremum seeking) is demonstrated to model Nash seeking behavior of players and a unique Nash equilibrium solution is sought for the proposed game. Detailed case studies demonstrate how the game is setup and the convergence to Nash equilibrium is achieved. Results are analyzed to show the usefulness of the market reputation index in improving reliability and fairness. It is also shown that the proposed market results in an increased local generation, higher payoffs (profits) for the participating players, and lower market clearing prices.
Toward a Theory of Redemptive Entrepreneurship: Growing Both Businesses and People

There is growing concern that predominantly demographics-comparative approaches to studying entrepreneurship in resource-constrained environments (ERCE) are insufficient because they fail to addres...
PerfDebug: Performance Debugging of Computation Skew in Dataflow Systems

Performance is a key factor for big data applications, and much research has been devoted to optimizing these applications. While prior work can diagnose and correct data skew, the problem of computation skew---abnormally high computation costs for a small subset of input data---has been largely overlooked. Computation skew commonly occurs in real-world applications and yet no tool is available for developers to pinpoint underlying causes. To enable a user to debug applications that exhibit computation skew, we develop a post-mortem performance debugging tool. PerfDebug automatically finds input records responsible for such abnormalities in a big data application by reasoning about deviations in performance metrics such as job execution time, garbage collection time, and serialization time. The key to PerfDebug's success is a data provenance-based technique that computes and propagates record-level computation latency to keep track of abnormally expensive records throughout the pipeline. Finally, the input records that have the largest latency contributions are presented to the user for bug fixing. We evaluate PerfDebug via in-depth case studies and observe that remediation such as removing the single most expensive record or simple code rewrite can achieve up to 16X performance improvement.
RADARODO: Ego-Motion Estimation From Doppler and Spatial Data in RADAR Images

Accurate and robust ego-motion estimation is critical for aiding autonomous vehicle localization in environments devoid of map landmarks or accurate GNSS measurements. RADAR measurements provide unique capabilities for ego-motion estimation while also posing unique challenges. This paper presents the novel real-time RADAR-based ego-motion estimation algorithm, RADARODO (RADAR Odometry). RADARODO is differentiated from similar techniques by two novel attributes. First, it decouples sensor translational and rotational motion by estimating them from Doppler and spatial data, respectively. Secondly, it directly analyzes RADAR images to estimate rotational motion via correspondence-free non-linear optimization. Unlike other methods, RADARODO estimates ego-motion along with its predicted uncertainty from a single RADAR sensor without depending on a lever-arm offset or the zero side-slip assumption. The real-world results demonstrate accurate ego-motion estimates that are particularly suited for integration within a “tightly-coupled” sensor fusion framework.
Hepatic vein embolization after portal vein embolization to induce additional liver hypertrophy in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma

To assess the effect of salvage hepatic vein embolization (HVE) on the volume of the future liver remnant (FLR) for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and inadequate hypertrophy following initial portal vein embolization (PVE). From April 2011 to October 2018, 9 patients with mCRC underwent HVE following PVE. The right or middle hepatic vein was embolized with coils and/or vascular plugs. Liver volumes were calculated at baseline, following PVE, and following HVE, in order to assess the hypertrophic effect of PVE and HVE on the FLR. Nine patients underwent HVE (n = 3, right HVE; n = 6, middle HVE) because of inadequate FLR hypertrophy following PVE. The standardized FLR increased from 0.16 (median, range 0.08–0.24) at baseline to 0.22 (median, range 0.13–0.29) following PVE (p = 0.0005) to 0.26 (median, range 0.19–0.37) following HVE (p = 0.0050). HVE was performed 40 days (median, range 19–128 days) following PVE, and assessment of FLR hypertrophy was performed 41 days (median, range 19–92 days) following HVE. Four of nine patients underwent hepatectomy; 5 patients failed to undergo hepatectomy (n = 3, inadequate hypertrophy; n = 1, disease progression; n = 1, portal hypertension). One patient required repeat HVE due to a patent accessory vein. Salvage HVE is an effective technique to induce additional FLR hypertrophy in patients with mCRC and inadequate FLR after initial PVE. • Hepatic vein embolization is effective to induce additional liver hypertrophy in surgical patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma and inadequate hypertrophy after portal vein embolization. • Increases in future liver remnant volume are feasible in patients who receive hepatotoxic neoadjuvant systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. • Sequential portal vein embolization and hepatic vein embolization can be a viable technique to induce liver hypertrophy in patients with small baseline future liver remnant volumes (< 20%).
Determination of gastrointestinal tract colonization sites from feedlot cattle transiently shedding or super-shedding Escherichia coli O157:H7 at harvest.

AIMS The objective of the study was to determine levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of naturally shedding cattle shedding the pathogen at low- or super-shedder levels. METHODS AND RESULTS Over 2 years, feedlot cattle were sampled multiple times for faecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. Just prior to harvest (1-2 days), animals that were super-shedders (≥104 CFU per gram of faeces) were specifically identified, and based on the longer term screening data, pen cohorts that were low-shedders (years 1 and 2) or chronic-shedders (year 1) were also identified. At harvest, samples were collected from throughout the GIT, including the rectoanal junction (RAJ) for enumeration and enrichment of E. coli O157:H7. The mouth samples exhibited the greatest prevalence for the pathogen, and the abomasum and rumen exhibited the lowest prevalence (P < 0·05). Super-shedders had significantly greater prevalence for all GIT locations except the mouth and abomasum compared to low-shedders, but the super-shedders were the only animals with positive abomasum samples. Samples from the super-shedders were enumerable for most GIT locations, and the rectum and RAJ locations were the only locations that were significantly greater than other locations (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Across all animals naturally exposed to E. coli O157:H7, the risk of ingestion is high, but rumen and abomasum are potential barriers to passage. In super-shedders, the passage through the GIT was greater, allowing colonization in the rectum and at the RAJ. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Escherichia coli O157:H7 low-shedding cattle had lower pathogen levels throughout the GIT, indicating intrinsic GIT factors to these cattle may reduce pathogen passage through the GIT, including the abomasum, and minimize risk of RAJ colonization.
Heavy Quarkonium Production at the EIC Energies

Heavy quarkonium production offers not only unique perspectives into the formation of QCD bound states, but also an excellent probe sensitive to both the short-distance as well as long-distance dynamics of QCD, due to its multiple and well-separated momentum scales. In this talk, I discuss how the production of heavy quarkonia could fulfill this dual role at the proposed Electron-Ion Collider.
Brief-Building: The Finishing Touches

This article reviews the final touches on the brief to consider: timing, budget, theme, appearance.
Low Resolution Model of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A

The function of botulinum neurotoxin is rapidly being elucidated by biochemical and molecular biology techniques. Although this information is critical to understanding the function of the toxin, the 3-dimensional structure of the neurotoxin is necessary to correlate the structure and function. To better understand the function of botulinum neurotoxin, the three-dimensional structure determination of the neurotoxin is being undertaken using the technique of X-ray diffraction. The technique of dynamical light scattering is being used to aid the crystallographic investigation of the 3-dimensional structure determination of serotype A.
PASTEURIZED BLUEBERRY (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM) JUICE INHIBITS GROWTH OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN MILK BUT ALLOWS SURVIVAL OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA

ABSTRACT Compounds found in berries exhibit a wide range of effects including antimicrobial activities. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of blueberry juice against the foodborne pathogens Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 were investigated. Inhibition was measured in 100% blueberry juice or a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of milk and blueberry juice with growth in 100% milk used as a control. The growth of all four pathogens was reduced below the detection level (100 cfu/mL) by blueberry juice, and reduced by 4–7 log cfu/mL in a mixture of milk and blueberry juice. The effects of blueberry juice on probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bifidibacterium bifidis were also investigated. The growth was less in a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of blueberry juice and skim milk as compared with milk alone, but these probiotic organisms were able to survive and grow. These data demonstrate the potential of blueberry juice for use as an all-natural antimicrobial. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Foodborne pathogens sicken millions in the U.S.A. each year. The research reported here indicates that juice from blueberries can inhibit the growth of these foodborne bacteria. In addition, the blueberry juice did not substantially inhibit the growth of beneficial bacteria such as those found in yogurt.
The union-nonunion wage differential over the business cycle: Evidence from PSID

Abstract There is some prior evidence [Lewis (1963), Mellow (1981), Freeman (1984) to support the notion that union wage premium is counter-cyclical. This phenomenon may be a product of union wage rigidity (which results from: (a) long-term union contracts, and (b) union reliance on layoffs due to seniority dominance rather than work-share practices in response to worsening economic conditions) and efficiency wage considerations. This paper, within a pooled cross-section time-series framework, empirically tests for the presence of perceived counter-cyclical nature of the union-nonunion wage differential using the PSID data from 1979–1984. Results from this study do support the presence of counter-cyclical union wage premium during the time period studied.
Frictional heat during metamorphism: Quantitative evaluation of concentration of heat generation in time

As major orogenies are commonly composed of several episodes of deformation it is of interest to know the effects of variation of time duration of phases of deformation and evaluate the consequences of this variation. In this paper the effects of time as a variable in relation to frictional heat generation during deformation which involves slip along interfaces is evaluated for several models. Two series of models in each of which the total energy converted to heat is constant, but in which time varies (from 3 × 1010 to 3 × 1015 sec.), indicate that when significant strain is accomplished in geologically relatively short time periods (1011 to 1013 sec.) frictionally generated heat will not be conducted away rapidly enough to prevent appreciable elevation of temperature in and around the deforming region. When the deformation is distributed uniformly over time periods in the order of 1014 to 1015 sec., the maximum temperature increase cannot be expected to exceed about 10°C. It is concluded that while frictionally generated heat is not alone responsible for the temperatures of metamorphism, it may, along with other sources of heat, contribute significantly to the heat budget of dynamothermally metamorphosed rocks and is capable of being responsible for differences observed in metamorphic reactions, e.g., andalusite →sillimanite in relatively rapidly deformed volumes at relatively low pressures and kyanite→sillimanite at higher pressures, even when the steady-state gradient significantly fails to reach the stability fields of andalusite and/or sillimanite.
Public evaluations of electoral institutions in Mexico: An analysis of the IFE and TRIFE in the 2006 and 2012 elections

Given the important role of election management in new democracies, this paper explores citizens' opinions of Mexico's key electoral institutions – the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) and the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary (TRIFE) – within the context of the 2006 and 2012 Mexican general elections. Using data from the Mexico 2006 Panel Study and the Mexico 2012 Panel Study, we find that key predictors of public opinion of Mexico's key electoral institutions include support for specific presidential candidates and partisan identification, but also perceptions of electoral integrity, the urban–rural divide, and other socio-demographic variables. In particular, this study finds strong support of a “winner's effect” in the context of the 2006 and 2012 Mexican elections. These findings raise important questions regarding citizens' opinions of Mexico's key electoral institutions.
Multiple Gas Control Under the Kyoto Agreement

Under the Kyoto Protocol, reductions in emissions of several radiative gases can be credited against a carbon equivalent emissions cap. We investigate the economic implications of including other greenhouse gases and sinks in the climate change control policy using our revised and updated version of the Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model. In addition we amended our methane abatement curves based on different interpretations of estimates that substantial abatement of methane can be obtained at no cost. The inclusion of other greenhouse gases and CO2 sinks reduces the costs of achieving CO2 emissions reductions specified under the agreement.
Therapeutic targets and biomarkers identified in cancer choline phospholipid metabolism

Choline phospholipid metabolism is altered in a wide variety of cancers. The choline metabolite profile of tumors and cancer cells is characterized by an elevation of phosphocholine and total choline-containing compounds. Noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to detect this elevation as an endogenous biomarker of cancer, or as a predictive biomarker for monitoring tumor response to novel targeted therapies. The enzymes directly causing this elevation, such as choline kinase, phospholipase C and phospholipase D may provide molecular targets for anticancer therapies. Signal transduction pathways that are activated in cancers, such as those mediated by the receptor tyrosine kinases breakpoint cluster region-abelson (Bcr-Abl), c-KIT or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), correlate with the alterations in choline phospholipid metabolism of cancers, and also offer molecular targets for specific anticancer therapies. This review summarizes recently discovered molecular targets in choline phospholipid metabolism and signal transduction pathways, which may lead to novel anticancer therapies potentially being monitored by magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques.
Measurement of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 using commercial kits.

Objective: The association between increased amniotic fluid interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations and preterm labor has received increasing attention. Several research groups have evaluated this association using commercial IL-6 kits, which principally use the sandwich-enzyme-immunoassay method, and were originally created to measure IL-6 in plasma, serum, or culture media. We evaluated commercial kits for the determination of IL-6 in amniotic fluid. Methods: Seven commercial kits were used to determine IL-6 concentrations in three amniotic fluid samples which were obtained from patients with clinical chorioamnionitis during labor and five from normal pregnancies at mid-trimester. Results: Amniotic fluid IL-6 values differed significantly with some having over a 50-fold discrepancy and the recovery of known IL-6 added to amniotic fluid ranged from 12 to 123%. However, by all kits we were able to identify that amniotic fluid from patients with chorioamnionitis contained significantly higher IL-6 concentrations than those from normal mid-trimester pregnancies. Conclusion: Our data indicate that standardization of the method for measuring IL-6 in amniotic fluid is desirable for the comparison of values from various laboratories.
Polygon-assisted JPEG and MPEG compression of synthetic images

Recent advances in realtime image compression and decompression hardware make it possible for a high-performance graphics engine to operate as a rendering server in a networked environment. If the client is a low-end workstation or set-top box, then the rendering task can be split across the two devices. In this paper, we explore one strategy for doing this. For each frame, the server generates a high-quality rendering and a low-quality rendering, subtracts the two, and sends the difference in compressed form. The client generates a matching low quality rendering, adds the decompressed difference image, and displays the composite. Within this paradigm, there is wide latitude to choose what constitutes a high-quality versus low-quality rendering. We have experimented with textured versus untextured surfaces, fine versus coarse tessellation of curved surfaces, Phong versus Gouraud interpolated shading, and antialiased versus nonantialiased edges. In all cases, our polygon-assisted compression looks subjectively better for a fixed network bandwidth than compressing and sending the high-quality rendering. We describe a software simulation that uses JPEG and MPEG-1 compression, and we show results for a variety of scenes. CR Categories: I.4.2 [Computer Graphics]: Compression — Approximate methods I.3.2 [Computer Graphics]: Graphics Systems — Distributed/network graphics Additional keywords: client-server graphics, JPEG, MPEG, polygon-assisted compression
Examining Internet Interactivity Effects on Young Adult Political Information Efficacy

Political information efficacy theory was examined in this pretest-posttest experiment of Web interactivity. Experimental (high) and control (low) interactive conditions produced significantly different effects for the participants (N = 271). Exposure to highly interactive Web features resulted in significant increases in political information efficacy. Participants in the highly interactive condition were also significantly more likely than those in the low interactive condition to indicate that voting was an important behavior.
Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in Older Adults

Herpes zoster (HZ) afflicts millions of older adults annually and causes significant suffering from acute and chronic pain, or postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). HZ is caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in sensory ganglia in the setting of age, disease, and drug-related decline in cellular immunity. VZV-induced neuronal destruction and inflammation cause the pain, interference with activities of daily living, and reduced quality of life. The optimal treatment of HZ requires early antiviral therapy and pain management. For PHN, evidence-based pharmacotherapy can reduce pain burden. The zoster vaccine is effective in reducing pain burden and preventing HZ and PHN in older adults.
Top of worlds: method for improving motivation to participate in sensing services

We propose a method for improving motivation to participate in sensing services by presenting rankings in multidimensional hierarchical sets. We call this method Top of Worlds. Because previously proposed methods only rank a user among all other users, many have little chance of being ranked in the top group, resulting in little motivation to continue. Top of Worlds creates many sets with varying granularity to increase the chance of many users being ranked in the top group and presents these rankings in those sets. Through an experiment, we partially confirmed the validity of Top of Worlds.
Beneficial effects of postnatal skin‐to‐skin contact

UNLABELLED In a randomized trial, Bystrova et al. examined the traditional neonatal practice of swaddling. They demonstrated that extended skin-to-skin contact with the mother is the most effective way to maintain the infant's temperature and decrease the "stress of being born". CONCLUSION Only through research such as that reported by Bystrova et al. can the advantages or disadvantages of routinely accepted perinatal practices be evaluated.
Raman results in the superionic conductor RbAg4I5

Abstract Raman measurements between 77°K and 296°K are reported for the superionic conductor RbAg4I5. Careful attention is paid to the temperature region of the two phase transitions at 121°K and 208°K. We can detect no shifts in any of the numerous phonon modes except one at 22.9 cm-1, which abruptly and reversibly appears in the lowest temperature phase. Raman results for the isomorphic material KAg4I5 are the same with the same mode appearing in the low temperature phase. Thus, the results in these systems are markedly different from those in AgI, where there are very large changes at the superionic conducting transition temperature.
Carbachol-mediated pigment granule dispersion in retinal pigment epithelium requires Ca2+ and calcineurin

Inside bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) retinal pigment epithelial cells, pigment granules move in response to extracellular signals. During the process of aggregation, pigment motility is directed toward the cell nucleus; in dispersion, pigment is directed away from the nucleus and into long apical processes. A number of different chemicals have been found to initiate dispersion, and carbachol (an acetylcholine analog) is one example. Previous research indicates that the carbachol-receptor interaction activates a Gq-mediated pathway which is commonly linked to Ca2+ mobilization. The purpose of the present study was to test for involvement of calcium and to probe calcium-dependent mediators to reveal their role in carbachol-mediated dispersion. Carbachol-induced pigment granule dispersion was blocked by the calcium chelator BAPTA. In contrast, the calcium channel antagonist verapamil, and incubation in Ca2+-free medium failed to block carbachol-induced dispersion. The calcineurin inhibitor cypermethrin blocked carbachol-induced dispersion; whereas, two protein kinase C inhibitors (staurosporine and bisindolylmaleimide II) failed to block carbachol-induced dispersion, and the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate failed to elicit dispersion. A rise in intracellular calcium is necessary for carbachol-induced dispersion; however, the Ca2+ requirement is not dependent on extracellular sources, implying that intracellular stores are sufficient to enable pigment granule dispersion to occur. Calcineurin is a likely Ca2+-dependent mediator involved in the signal cascade. Although the pathway leads to the generation of diacylglycerol and calcium (both required for the activation of certain PKC isoforms), our evidence does not support a significant role for PKC.
Rage Against the Machines: Explaining Outcomes in Counterinsurgency Wars

During the nineteenth century, states routinely defeated insurgent foes. Over the twentieth century, however, this pattern reversed itself, with states increasingly less likely to defeat insurgents or avoid meeting at least some of their demands. What accounts for this pattern of outcomes in counterinsurgency (COIN) wars? We argue that increasing mechanization within state militaries after World War I is primarily responsible for this shift. Unlike their nineteenth-century predecessors, modern militaries possess force structures that inhibit information collection among local populations. This not only complicates the process of sifting insurgents from noncombatants but increases the difficulty of selectively applying rewards and punishment among the fence-sitting population. Modern militaries may therefore inadvertently fuel, rather than deter, insurgencies. We test this argument with a new data set of 286 insurgencies (1800–2005) and a paired comparison of two U.S. Army divisions in Iraq (2003–2004). We find that higher levels of mechanization, along with external support for insurgents and the counterinsurgent's status as an occupier, are associated with an increased probability of state defeat. By contrast, we find only partial support for conventional power- and regime-based explanations, and no support for the view that rough terrain favors insurgent success.
Pertussis toxin gene: nucleotide sequence and genetic organization

The current pertussis vaccines, although efficacious, in some instances produce undesirable side effects. Molecular engineering of pertussis toxin, the major protective antigen, could provide a safer, new generation of vaccines against whooping cough. As a first critical step in the development of such a vaccine, the complete nucleotide sequence of the pertussis toxin gene was determined and the amino acid sequences of the individual subunits were deduced. All five subunits are coded by closely linked cistrons. A promoter-like structure was found in the 59-flanking region, suggesting that the toxin is expressed through a polycistronic messenger RNA. The order of the cistrons is S1, S2, S4, S5, and S3. All subunits contain signal peptides of variable length. The calculated molecular weights of the mature subunits are 26,024 for S1, 21,924 for S2, 21,873 for S3, 12,058 for S4, and 11,013 for S5. Subunits S2 and S3 share 70% amino acid homology and 75% nucleotide homology. Subunit S1 contains two regions of eight amino acids homologous to analogous regions in the A subunit of both cholera and Escherichia coli heat labile toxins.
Stranded on emergency isle: Modeling competition for cardiac services using survival analysis

Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) consume a large proportion of inpatient, procedural and emergency services within United States health care system. These patients are major contributors to the steadily increasing demand for health care services nationwide. Unfortunately, economic and legislative factors have resulted in concurrent reductions in hospital system capacity. The resulting imbalance has fallen directly on to the shoulders of emergency departments (ED) in the form of boarding. Boarding refers to the act of holding admitted patients in the ED until an inpatient bed becomes available. Boarding is a barrier to efficient throughput, a major contributor to ED overcrowding and a threat to patient safety. Patients with CVD often use the ED as an entry point to the hospital system. These patients frequently experience long boarding times as a result of hospital wide competition for inpatient resources. The objective of this study is to use survival analysis to determine how demand from competing cardiology admission sources affects access to ED patients requiring inpatient cardiac care. The model reflects bed management policies of the division of cardiology and demonstrates how variability in demand for cardiac services (i.e., surgical, catheterization, telemetry, intensive care) affects ED boarding time for cardiac patients.
Pubertal changes in emotional information processing: Pupillary, behavioral, and subjective evidence during emotional word identification

This study investigated pupillary and behavioral responses to an emotional word valence identification paradigm among 32 pre-/early pubertal and 34 mid-/late pubertal typically developing children and adolescents. Participants were asked to identify the valence of positive, negative, and neutral words while pupil dilation was assessed using an eyetracker. Mid-/late pubertal children showed greater peak pupillary reactivity to words presented during the emotional word identification task than pre-/early pubertal children, regardless of word valence. Mid-/late pubertal children also showed smaller sustained pupil dilation than pre-/early pubertal children after the word was no longer on screen. These findings were replicated controlling for participants' age. In addition, mid-/late pubertal children had faster reaction times to all words, and rated themselves as more emotional during their laboratory visit compared to pre-/early pubertal children. Greater recall of emotional words following the task was associated with mid-/late pubertal status, and greater recall of emotional words was also associated with higher peak pupil dilation. These results provide physiological, behavioral, and subjective evidence consistent with a model of puberty-specific changes in neurobehavioral systems underpinning emotional reactivity.
Chloroplast DNA diversity among wild and cultivated members of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae)

Cladistic analysis of 86 chloroplast DNA restriction-site mutations among 30 samples representing 15 species of Cucurbita indicates that annual species of the genus are derived from perennials. The Malabar Gourd, C. ficifolia, is placed as a basal, sister taxon relative to other domesticated species and allied wild-types. The pattern of variation supports three species groups as monophyletic: (1) C. fraterna, C. pepo, and C. texana, (2) C. lundelliana, C. martinezii, C. mixta, C. moschata and C. sororia, and (3) C. foetidissima and C. pedatifolia. Domesticated samples representing subspecies of C. pepo are divided into two concordant groups, one of which is allied to wild-types referable to C. texana and C. fraterna. The data failed to resolve relationships among cultivars of C. moschata and C. mixta and their association to the wild C. sororia. The South American domesticate, C. maxima, and its companion weed, C. andreana, show close affinity and alliance to C. equadorensis.
Temporal Sequencing of Verbal and Nonverbal Materials: The Effect of Laterality of Lesion

The effect of laterality of cerebral lesion on sequencing ability, which is an ability to process two or more stimulus events with respect to the order in which they occur, was examined. Patients with either left or right hemisphere lesions performed on verbal and nonverbal sequencing tasks. Left hemisphere lesioned patients were inferior to the right hemisphere lesioned patients on verbal sequencing tasks, while the right hemisphere lesioned patients were inferior to the left hemisphere lesioned patients on nonverbal sequencing tasks. Impaired performance of the right hemisphere lesioned patients on sequencing tasks raises questions with respect to the notion that sequencing per se is processed in the left hemisphere. Our results demonstrate that sequencing ability, as many other abilities, follows the rule of material-specific laterality of hemispheric asymmetry: the left hemisphere associated with verbal sequencing ability and the right hemisphere associated with nonverbal sequencing ability.
Transient Mixed-Convection With Applications to Cooling of Biomaterials

2-Dimensional transient mixed-convection in a horizontal rectangular enclosed cavity heated from a lower solid block is numerically studied. The enclosure simulates the thermal reservoir for the storage and shipment of biomaterials. The lower solid block containing the thermal biomass that has adiabatic sides and bottom wall, is coupled along the top wall with a hollow cavity of aspect ratio (H/L = 0.5), whose side and top walls are assumed to be surrounded by a phase change material and has been assigned constant temperature of 273K. Initially, the temperature of the biomaterials is raised to 283K; the upper cavity is filled with quiescent air and uniform temperature at time zero. Laminar airflow is assumed with a fan in middle of the cavity. The basic characteristics and flow structures during the transition of natural-convection-dominated flow to forced-convection-dominated flow are determined. The problem is solved for the range of mixed-convection regime and the fluid flow structure and heat transfer is found to be dependent on mixed-convection as determined by the buoyancy parameter Gr/Re2 . As anticipated, the forced-convection-dominated flow is found to be more effective in cooling of the thermal biomass than the natural-convection-dominated flow. This study shows that using the assisted forced convection results in an increase in the cooling performance of the biomaterial container in the natural-convection-dominated type mixed-convection flow. Examining the area averaged Surface Nusselt number along the coupled wall with time and the rate of heat transfer from the thermal biomass during the Quasi-steady stage validates the above hypothesis.© 2005 ASME
Classification of lattice transformations in image processing

This paper introduces a complete matrix classification of a family of image processing transforms called lattice transformations. Lattice transformations are nonlinear and include mathematical morphology transforms as a subclass. A matrix algebraic structure called minimax algebra provides a rigorous mathematical environment for lattice transforms as used in image processing. This is the first application of minimax algebra to image processing. Minimax algebra was originally developed for solving machine scheduling and other problems in operations research. The relationship between minimax algebra, mathematical morphology, and image algebra, a high-level image processing language, is presented in this paper, and a theoretical foundation in which to analyze image lattice transformations in context of matrices is established. Several examples are presented to exemplify the power of these relationships.
Approaches for Determining Effects of Pollution on Fish Populations of Puget Sound

Abstract Puget Sound is a large marine and estuarine ecosystem in Washington State that serves as the habitat for a number of recreationally and commercially important species of groundfish and Pacific salmon Onchorhynchus spp. Over the past several decades, the human population of the Puget Sound drainage basin has increased substantially, resulting in increased habitat degradation and chemical pollution. There is now a body of evidence showing that groundfish and salmon in Puget Sound are experiencing a range of biological effects from chemical contaminant exposure, including impairment of several stages in the reproductive process, increased susceptibility to pathogens resulting from altered immune competence, and development of toxicopathic diseases. Preliminary studies suggest the potential for reduced survival of fish from urban areas of Puget Sound resulting from increased infectious and idiopathic diseases. The question that now must be addressed is whether contaminant-related reductions in reprod...
Determinants of incident vulvovaginal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women.

Objective: Mucosal infections including vulvovaginal candidiasis are a common problem for women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Our objective was to determine which factors predict the development of symptomatic disease among HIV-infected women.
Energy imparted in computed tomography

Monte Carlo techniques were used to study a generalized CT dose index D(r) as a function of the radius r of a cylindrical dosimetry phantom. The relationship between D(r) and the energy deposited in the phantom was investigated. For a specified x‐ray spectrum, the energy imparted to head or body dosimetry phantoms can be obtained from measured D(r) values. This approach to CTdosimetry permits the energy imparted to phantoms (or patients) to be determined as CT technique parameters, or type of scanner, are changed.
Peptide-Degrading Enzymatic Activities in GH3 Cells and Rat Anterior Pituitary Homogenates*

The activities of a number of peptide-degrading enzymes were compared in homogenates of GH3 cells and rat anterior pituitaries. The enzymes studied were prolyl endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26), a soluble metalloendopeptidase, pyroglutamyl peptide hydrolase (EC 3.4.11.8), a multicatalytic protease complex, cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1), cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5), aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), and a membrane-bound neutral metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11). Specific substrates were used to measure the activities, and active-site-directed inhibitors were used to verify the identities of the enzymes studied. Of the two lysosomal enzymes studied, cathepsin B, the enzyme with the highest activity in both preparations, had 5 times the activity in GH3 cell homogenates as in anterior pituitary homogenates. Cathespin D had a somewhat higher activity in the anterior pituitary homogenates than in the GH3 cell homogenates. Soluble metalloendopeptidase and prolyl endopeptidase, both cytoplasmic enzymes, had about twice the activity in GH3 cell homogenates as in anterior pituitary homogenates. Membrane-bound neutral metalloendopeptidase in the GH3 cell homogenates had 25% of the activity of the anterior pituitary homogenates. Of the two TRH-degrading enzymes, the activity of prolyl endopeptidase in GH3 cell homogenates was about 25 times higher than that of pyroglutamyl peptide hydrolase. Since the secretory function of the pituitary is in part controlled by neuropeptides, the knowledge of the enzyme profiles of the GH3 cells and the anterior pituitary should be of value in studying the metabolism of neuropeptides and peptide hormones in these systems.
The Cardiac Donor: A Six-Year Experience

Abstract From March 1, 1979, to March 1, 1985, the University of Arizona received 223 cardiac donor referrals. Sixty-two were accepted: 15 local, 23 regional (less than 370 km or 200 nautical miles), and 24 distant (370 to 1556 km or 200 to 840 nautical miles). Thirty-eight donor deaths were due to motor vehicle accidents, 10 to gunshot wounds, 6 to cerebral disease, and 8 to other closed-head lesions. The mean time from injury to brain death was 65 ± 5 hours (± standard error of the mean [SEM]) and from brain death to organ donation, 12 ± 3 hours. The mean ischemic time for the donor hearts ranged from 30 to 233 minutes (mean ± SEM, 128 ± 7 minutes). Fifty patients, otherwise acceptable, were refused as cardiac donors because an ABO-compatible recipient was not available. Two regionally procured hearts failed at operation, 1 because of unrecognized donor sepsis and 1 from a patient on large-dose inotropic support. Although there was no difference in myocardial function, median survival with follow-up through June 30, 1985, of patients receiving locally, regionally, and distantly procured organs was 59 months, 18 months, and 21 months, respectively. Cumulative proportion 1-year survival was 93%, 56%, and 61%, respectively. The 2-year survival was 85% for patients given locally procured hearts, 43% for those with regionally procured hearts, and 38% for those with a heart from a distant donor. Survival curves showed significantly longer survival for locally procured organs than regionally or distantly procured organs ( p Distant procurement of cardiac organs, although expanding the donor pool, is associated with decreased long-term recipient survival, and donor ischemic time appears to be the significant variable. Regionalization of cardiac transplantation programs should increase the frequency of donor usage by providing appropriate recipients for locally obtained donor organs and, at the same time, reduce donor ischemic time.
Selection of “Safe” Group O Blood

One hundred random group O bloods were tested for their content of anti-A and/or anti-B saline agglutinins, “immune” antibodies and hemolysins. The screening tests which, according to the AABB Standards for a Blood Transfusion Service (4th Ed.) should be used for selection of group O blood which is used for other than group O recipients, were applied to the group O bloods. The results seem to indicate that the saline 1:50 screening test is not a satisfactory test for (election of “safe” group O blood. The immune 1:20 screening test is probably the best test but preferably should be used in combination with the hemolysin screening test.
Prolonged investigation of a plane geometric triangle by the human newborn.

Abstract Five human newborns were presented with a plane geometric triangle repeatedly on the same day and across days. Eye fixations and eye movements to within approximately ±3–4° were recorded by means of corneal photography. There were marked individual differences in the form of visual scanning on the figure. Some infants consistently oriented towards only a single feature while others alternated between single and multiple feature selection. Postnatal age or exposure alone did not appear to guarantee either response.
Names That Show Time: Turkish Jews as “Strangers” and the Semiotics of Reclassification

ABSTRACT In this article, I discuss the anthropological value of focusing on ontological processes in which seemingly local, native, or indigenous people are reclassified as foreigners. Building on theories of language and time, I show, through the ethnographic example of Jewish naming in Istanbul, how names come to signify foreignness. I also explore naming as a process through which the subjects of reclassification themselves understand present-day ontologies as historically informed and context dependent. By studying moments of categorical reassignment, I detail the social semiotic processes that drive the classification of signs as indices of belonging or exclusion. Anthropologists increasingly study military, juridical, and economic ontologies that reorder, relocate, and restrict human (and nonhuman) groups. I illuminate a quieter space, that of naming, through which classifications are made and undone.
X-ray photoemission spectroscopy of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films

Abstract We have performed X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) on thin films of (001) and (200) oriented La 0.67 Ca 0.33 MnO 3 grown on (100) and (110) SrTiO 3 substrates by off-axis sputtering. The films were examined by XPS without exposing them to air. We have compared the core levels and the valence spectra between the two different orientations, as well as after the effects of air exposure and annealing in UHV. We find that the surfaces are very stable against exposure to air. Comparing the measured intensity ratios to a model for the uniform termination of the film shows the terminating layer to be MnO 2 for both the (001) and (200) oriented La 0.67 Ca 0.33 MnO 3 films.
A complementarity approach to a quasistatic multi-rigid-body contact problem

In this paper, we study the problem of predicting the quasistatic planar motion of a passive rigid body in frictional contact with a set of active rigid bodies. The active bodies can be thought of as the links of a mechanism or robot manipulator whose positions can be actively controlled by actuators. The passive body can be viewed as a “grasped” object, which moves only in response to contact forces and other external forces such as those due to gravity. We formulate this problem as a certain uncoupled complementarity problem, and show that it belongs to the class of NP-complete problems. Finally, numerical results of our proposed linear programming-based solution algorithm for this class of problems are presented and compared to the only other currently available solution algorithm.
Critical state model and ac susceptibility of high temperature superconductors

Abstract A critical state model for granular superconductors is applied to find thetemperature and ac magnetic field dependence of the complex ac susceptibility, χ=χ'+iχ″, of a granular bulk YBa2Cu3O7 superconductor. The predictions of the model are consistent with our measured ac susceptibilities.