cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of electrophysiologic study results in patients treated with amiodarone

To identify whether electrophysiologic study results during early-phase amiodarone therapy can be predicted by previous electrophysiologic study, we reviewed the electrophysiologic data of 50 patients with inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias who underwent 4.3 +/- 1.3 drug trials before being given amiodarone. Study results during testing with agents of the modified Vaughan Williams Ia classification were compared with data obtained after 2 weeks of amiodarone therapy. Partial response by electrophysiologic study was defined as well-tolerated ventricular tachycardia or = 90 mm Hg. Significant slowing in the rate of induced ventricular tachycardia was seen during therapy with both Ia agents and amiodarone, although there was a trend toward greater slowing during amiodarone treatment (180 +/- 45 beats/min vs 164 +/- 65 beats/min; p = 0.09). Two of three patients with noninducible ventricular tachycardia during amiodarone showed profound ventricular tachycardia slowing during Ia therapy. Thirty-eight of 50 patients demonstrated concordance of electrophysiologic study results with regard to achieving partial response criteria. Twenty patients died during a mean follow-up period of 37 +/- 29 months; 7 of the 10 sudden deaths occurred in patients who did not meet partial response criteria. We conclude that patients with inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias failing serial drug testing with Ia agents only rarely have their ventricular tachycardia suppressed during amiodarone therapy. Partial response criteria are often concordant between testing on agents of the Ia classification and amiodarone, and there was no significant difference in survival in patients based on their partial response status.
132: Airway Complications after Lung Transplantation: Incidence and Risk Factors in a Contemporary Series

patients (3.2%) required dilatation, 3 (0.9%) required stent insertion, 2 (0.6%) had dehiscence treated conservatively, and 3 (0.9%) died from bronchial complications. Only 2 patients developed bronchial complications without severe PGD since the year 2000. 5-year survival was 55% and was not affected by the occurrence of bronchial complication. Conclusions: This large series of LT performed at one center with a similar anastomotic technique demonstrates that the incidence of bronchial complications after LT is low and has improved over the last decade. Primary graft dysfunction requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation remains the major risk factor for airway complication.
APL2 and the CMS system: Exploiting the APL2/REXX connection

APL2 and REXX are both powerful interpretive languages. APL2 generally isolates the user/programmer from the operating environment, whereas REXX includes integral hooks to directly access the environment. The second release of APL2 includes the ability to access REXX functions and some variables, using the external function call (Associated Processor) facility. APL2 programmers can use REXX and appropriately-designed REXX procedures and functions to, for example: Access host system function and services;Perform arithmetic with arbitrarily-large precision;Provide tailored access to applications packages (e.g., SCRIPT DCF);Perform string and word manipulation;Tailor the APL2 environment;Carry-over variables between workspaces in a given APL2 session;Communicate with the host after leaving APL2.REXX programmers can test REXX procedures from within APL2, and can access APL2 workspaces and operations, to bring the power of APL2 to manipulate REXX data objects.The REXX/APL2 interface is decried and some applications are discussed. Attention is spent on the proper design of REXX and APL2 code to take advantage of (or even to allow the use of) the existing interface.
The effect of orientation on slow crack growth in high-density polyethylene

Abstract High density polyethylene (HDPE) was drawn at 80°C with draw ratios from 1 to 3.5. The resistance to slow crack growth was measured on notched tensile specimens under plane strain conditions and over a range of temperatures. The notches were made parallel or perpendicular to the direction of orientation. The failure times for crack growth perpendicular to the orientation direction varied exponentially with the draw ratio, and for crack growth parallel to the orientation direction the time of failure decreased to zero for a draw ratio of about 1.5. The activation energy was 110 kJ mol−1 and was independent of the draw ratio.
Low Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition of Hafnium Nitride—Boron Nitride Nanocomposite Films

Nanocomposite HfNx-BN thin films are deposited by chemical vapor deposition at substrate temperatures of 350−800 °C using the single-source precursor hafnium borohydride, Hf(BH4)4, in combination w...
Who they are and what de se: Burge on quasi-memory

Tyler Burge has recently argued that quasi-memory-based psychological reductionist accounts of diachronic personal identity are deeply problematic. According to Burge, these accounts either fail to include appropriately de se elements or presuppose facts about diachronic personal identity—facts of the very kind that the accounts are supposed to explain. Neither of these objections is compelling. The first is based in confusion about the version of reductionism to which it putatively applies. The second loses its force when we recognize that reductionism is a metaphysical thesis, not an epistemological one.
Calculation of the electronic structure and related physical properties of platinum

The electronic band structure, density of states, and Fermi surface of Pt metal have been calculated using the relativistic-augmented-plane-wave method. The Fourier series representation of the a priori band structure has been found to yield a Fermi surface in good agreement with the de Haas-van Alphen results. The subband densities of states of platinum have been calculated with 0.25-mRy resolution using a tetrahedron scheme. The temperature dependences of the spin susceptibility, the electrical resistivity, the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate, and the electronic-specific-heat coefficient have been calculated in the constant-matrix-element approximation and have been found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. (auth)
Deuterium isotope effect on the magnetic field dependence of CIDNP derived from biradicals

Abstract Incorporation of deuterium into the enolizable positions of several cyclic and bicyclic ketones alters the magnetic field dependence of CIDNP resulting from photolysis of the ketones. These results cannot be explained in terms of D-induced changes in the conformational populations of the biradicals formed in the photolyses.
Effects of nor-binaltorphimine on butorphanol dependence.

Abstract Butorphanol has been shown to act on μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors. However, the relative involvement of different opioid receptor subtypes in butorphanol dependence is not known. In the present study, nor-binaltorphimine, a long-acting non-peptide κ-opioid receptor antagonist, was employed to mask central κ-opioid receptors before and during the induction of butorphanol dependence in rats, so that the involvement of κ-opioid receptors could be elucidated. The results revealed that treatment with nor-binaltorphimine markedly blocked naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs of escape behavior, teeth-chattering, wet shakes, ptosis, body weight loss, and hypothermia at all doses tested, and attenuated the withdrawal symptoms of forepaw tremors (24 nmol:P
Restructuring batch view maintenance efficiently

Materialized views defined over distributed data sources are a well recognized technology for modern applications. State-of the-art incremental view maintenance requires O(n2) or more maintenance queries to remote data sources with n being the number of data sources in the view definition. In this poster, we illustrate basic ideas of novel view maintenance strategies that dramatically reduce the number of maintenance queries. Such reduction brings the tradeoff between the number of maintenance queries and the complexity of each query. These algorithms have been implemented in a working prototype system. Experimental studies illustrate major performance improvement in terms of total processing time compared with existing batch algorithms.
Dynamic Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Acute Coronary Syndromes: An Important Cause of New Systolic Murmur and Cardiogenic Shock

Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction has traditionally been associated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Recently, acute dynamic LVOT obstruction has been described as a complication of myocardial infarction (MI). Herein the cases of 3 patients are described, all of whom presented with a systolic murmur and electrocardiographic evidence of MI. All 3 patients developed cardiogenic shock and were subsequently found by echocardiography to manifest an acute dynamic LVOT obstruction. Cardiogenic shock persisted until therapy was directed toward decreasing the degree of the dynamic LVOT obstruction. The treatment of acute coronary syndromes in the presence of a dynamic LVOT obstruction differs from the traditional treatment of acute coronary syndromes and includes the use of beta-blockers and alpha1-agonists, as well as the avoidance of therapies that aggravate the magnitude of the LVOT obstructive gradient, including nitrates, inotropic agents, and afterload reduction. The development of a systolic murmur in the setting of acute MI complicated by cardiogenic shock with only a small elevation in creatine kinase suggests the presence of a dynamic LVOT obstruction, as well as the classical mechanical complications of MI, namely, ventricular septal rupture and papillary muscle rupture. The presence of a dynamic LVOT obstruction is reliably detected by transthoracic echocardiography or by transesophageal echocardiography if transthoracic image quality is suboptimal.
Instructional Leadership: Focus On Curriculum Responsibilities:

Insufficient attention has been devoted to the curricular dimen sions of the instructional leader ship role of principals. Principals must attend to eight curricular issues as they manage the teach ing-learning process.
Exact bounds for the radially symmetric shape of confined plasma in the unit circle

The method of “cone iteration”; is used to obtain exact bounds for the solutions of a class of nonlinear operator equations. The general theory is applied to the problem of finding radially symmetric solutions of the plasma problem in the unit circle. Existence and uniqueness results are obtained at the same time. Some numerical examples demonstrate the method's high degree of accuracy.
Launch and Deployment Analysis for a Small, MEO, Technology Demonstration Satellite

A trade study investigating the economics, mass budget, and concept of operations for delivery of a small technology-demonstration satellite to a medium-altitude earth orbit is presented. The mission requires payload deployment at a 19,000 km orbit altitude and an inclination of 55 o . Because the payload is a technology demonstrator and not part of an operational mission, launch and deployment costs are a paramount consideration. The payload includes classified technologies; consequently a USA licensed launch system is mandated. A preliminary trade analysis is performed where all available options for FAA-licensed US launch systems are considered. The preliminary trade study selects the Orbital Sciences Minotaur V launch vehicle, derived from the decommissioned Peacekeeper missile system, as the most favorable option for payload delivery. To meet mission objectives the Minotaur V configuration is modified, replacing the baseline 5th stage ATK-37FM motor with the significantly smaller ATK Star 27. The proposed design change enables payload delivery to the required orbit without using a 6 th stage kick motor. End-to-end mass budgets are calculated, and a concept of operations is presented. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to characterize the expected accuracy of the final orbit. An optimal launch trajectory is presented.
Overflow handling in hashing tables: A hybrid approach

Abstract The hybrid method of handling overflows in hashing tables, which incapsulates both open addressing and chaining, is presented. A simulation model which accounts for the effect of the loading order is developed in order to evaluate the average number of accesses and the average number of overflows under the hybrid method. Furthermore, two cost models are considered to compare the performance of the hybrid method with open addressing and chaining for hashing tables kept in main core and on secondary storage devices.
Evolutionary biology: ghost of speciation past.

Lurking in the rivers of Botswana are the remnants of a diverse flock of cichlid fishes, whose origins can be traced to a lake that vanished more than 2,000 years ago.
Citizen Participation in Neighborhood Crime Prevention

The importance of citizen involvement in crime prevention was stressed throughut the 1970s and, with looming service cutbacks, grows in potential importance for the coming decades. While many programs have been developed to encourage the public to get involved, especially in community-based crime prevention efforts, not much was known about the underlying motivational dynamics. On the basis of a random-digit-dial telephone survey of 1803 residents in an entire metropolitan area, we conclude that most citizens become involved in neighborhood anticrime activities not because of fear of crime, but rather as an extension of their general tendency for community-based voluntary action.
Regulation of depressive affect and interpersonal behavior among children requiring residential or day treatment

Depression is often associated with social withdrawal. However, especially among children from traumatic backgrounds, dysphoric affect may also be manifested by increased demands for social contact. The present research employed intensive observations, children's self-reports, and therapist and staff ratings to investigate associations between affect regulation and interpersonal behavior among 32 emotionally disturbed children (ages 7 to 12 years) in residential or day treatment. As predicted, children who reported dysphoric moods on the Children's Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1980/81) were most socially engaged and presented themselves as relatively vulnerable and dependent on others. These children not only expressed more overt sadness but also exhibited higher rates of excited/hyperactive behavior. The subgroup of children who were most prone to deny even normative levels of negative affect were least interpersonally involved as well as least impulsive. The results highlight the importance of individual differences in coping with traumatic relationship histories and the need for further study of the interplay between affect and interpersonal behavior in childhood psychopathology.
Transient Paraproteinemia: An Intriguing Immunological Anomaly

Serum transient paraproteins are small monoclonal immunoglobulins that are induced by a self-limiting regulatory defect in the control of certain terminally differentiated B-cell clones. Relatively uncommon and ill-defined in the medical literature, such proteins may be regarded as immunologic anomalies. Their clinical significance and potential impact on patient management are poorly understood. To elucidate this phenomenon, we reviewed the serum transient paraproteins that were encountered in a large community hospital during a 12 mo period. Twelve transient paraproteins were identified in a total of 895 serum protein electrophoreses reviewed (1.3% incidence). The relationships of the transient paraproteins to specific diseases were studied.
Ribozyme Stability, Exon Skipping, and a Potential Role for RNA Helicase in Group I Intron Splicing by Coxiella burnetii

The 23S rRNA gene of Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever in humans, contains an unusually high number of conserved, selfish genetic elements, including two group I introns, termed Cbu.L1917 (L1917) and Cbu.L1951 (L1951). To better understand the role that introns play in Coxiella's biology, we determined the intrinsic stability time periods (in vitro half-lives) of the encoded ribozymes to be ∼15 days for L1917 and ∼5 days for L1951, possibly due to differences in their sizes (551 and 1,559 bases, respectively), relative degrees of compactness of the respective RNA structures, and amounts of single-stranded RNA. In vivo half-lives for both introns were also determined to be ∼11 min by the use of RNase protection assays and an Escherichia coli model. Intron RNAs were quantified in synchronous cultures of C. burnetii and found to closely parallel those of 16S rRNA; i.e., ribozyme levels significantly increased between days 0 and 3 and then remained stable until 8 days postinfection. Both 16S rRNA and ribozyme levels fell during the stationary and death phases (days 8 to 14). The marked stability of the Coxiella intron RNAs is presumably conferred by their association with ribosomes, a stoichiometric relationship that was determined to be one ribozyme, of either type, per 500 ribosomes. Inaccuracies in splicing (exon 2 skipping) were found to increase during the first 5 days in culture, with a rate of approximately one improperly spliced 23S rRNA per 1.3 million copies. The in vitro efficiency of L1917 intron splicing was significantly enhanced in the presence of a recombinant Coxiella RNA DEAD-box helicase (CBU_0670) relative to that of controls, suggesting that this enzyme may serve as an intron RNA splice facilitator in vivo.
Protecting Grid Data Transfer Services with Active Network Interfaces

A key goal of grid computing is to provide seamless access to shared computational and data resources across organizational boundaries, in distributed virtual organizations. Grid services can potentially be used by thousands of users spanning multiple administrative domains. The inherent dynamic and heterogeneous nature of virtual organizations introduces challenging performance issues that need scalable, robust and efficient solutions. To improve throughput of grid data servers under heavy loads or under denial of service attacks, it is important to service requests differentially, giving preference to ongoing or imminent client requests. We show how such features can be efficiently implemented on an active network adapter based gateway that controls access to a pool of backend data servers. We present performance results for a prototype system based on a dual-ported active NIC, and demonstrate that an efficient differentiated service policy can be implemented on such a gateway to minimize the grid service response time and to improve server throughputs under heavy loads and denial of service attacks. We test with several network and server loads and show that response times can be maintained at a level similar to normal, low-load conditions.
Towards a complete catalog of human proteins

Abstract A comprehensive protein database is essential to our understanding of cell function. Two dimensional electrophoresis is the only method at present capable of providing the information necessary for the formation of such a database.
What Supercomputers Say: A Study of Five System Logs

If we hope to automatically detect and diagnose failures in large-scale computer systems, we must study real deployed systems and the data they generate. Progress has been hampered by the inaccessibility of empirical data. This paper addresses that dearth by examining system logs from five supercomputers, with the aim of providing useful insight and direction for future research into the use of such logs. We present details about the systems, methods of log collection, and how alerts were identified; propose a simpler and more effective filtering algorithm; and define operational context to encompass the crucial information that we found to be currently missing from most logs. The machines we consider (and the number of processors) are: Blue Gene/L (131072), Red Storm (10880), Thunderbird (9024), Spirit (1028), and Liberty (512). This is the first study of raw system logs from multiple supercomputers.
Many-electron wave functions represented as naturally correlated pairs: I. Method and application to H2 and LiH

A computational method for generating correlated wave functions for atoms and molecules is proposed. This procedure is: (1) find the Roothaan-Hartree-Fock orbitals for the system; (2) transform these orbitals to localized molecular orbitals {fi}; (3) introduce the explicit correlation factor k{r12) for each pair of interest by forming the correlated pair function fi(1) fi(2) k(r12), and analyze it into natural-orbital form; and (4) perform a configuration-interaction calculation using the configurations formed from the analysis in (3) within the separated pair approximation. This method has the advantage of giving the orbitals to be used for the calculation as well as selecting the configurations that are required. It appears that this method will find its greatest applicability in calculating the potential energy curves of polyatomic systems.
Phase II study of temozolomide plus thalidomide for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.

Purpose: To further investigate the efficacy and safety of temozolomide plus thalidomide in patients with metastatic melanoma without brain metastases. Patients and Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed advanced-stage metastatic melanoma were enrolled in an open-label, phase II study. The primary end point was response rate. Patients received temozolomide (75 mg/m2/d × 6 weeks with a 2-week rest between cycles) plus concomitant thalidomide (200 mg/d with dose escalation to 400 mg/d for patients < 70 years old, or 100 mg/d with dose escalation to 250 mg/d for patients ≥ 70 years old). Treatment was continued until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression occurred. Results: Thirty-eight patients (median age, 62 years) with stage IV (three patients with M1a, eight with M1b, and 26 with M1c) or stage IIIc (one patient) melanoma and a median of four metastatic sites were enrolled, and received a median of two cycles of therapy. Twelve patients (32%) had an objective tumor response, including one ...
Hyaluronic acid, HAS1, and HAS2 are significantly upregulated during muscle hypertrophy.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in most vertebrate tissues and is thought to play a significant role during development, wound healing, and regeneration. In vitro studies have shown that HA enhances muscle progenitor cell recruitment and inhibits premature myotube fusion, implicating a role for this glycosaminoglycan in functional repair. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of HA during muscle growth and repair was unknown. We hypothesized that inducing hypertrophy via synergist ablation would increase the expression of HA and the HA synthases (HAS1–HAS3). We found that HA and HAS1–HAS3 were significantly upregulated within the plantaris muscle in response to Achilles tenectomy. HA concentration significantly increased 2.8-fold after 2 days but decreased towards levels comparable to age-matched controls by 14 days. Using immunohistochemistry, we found the colocalization of HAS1–HAS3 with macrophages, blood vessel epithelia, and fibroblasts varied in response to time and/or tenectomy. At the level of gene expression, only HAS1 and HAS2 significantly increased with respect to both time and tenectomy. The profiles of additional genes that influence ECM composition during muscle repair, tenascin-C, type I collagen, the HA-degrading hyaluronidases (Hyal) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were also investigated. Hyal1 and Hyal2 were highly expressed in skeletal muscle but did not change after tenectomy; however, indicators of hypertrophy, MMP-2 and MMP-14, were significantly upregulated from 2 to 14 days. These results indicate that HA levels dynamically change in response to a hypertrophic stimulus and various cells may participate in this mechanism of skeletal muscle adaptation.
Voluntary and Involuntary Maternal Separation in Guinea Pig Pups with Mothers Required to Forage

Lactating guinea pigs required to leave a nest box to obtain food were observed to be separated from their pups almost 10% of the time on Days 13-15 postpartum. The duration of separation was greater in the dark than in the light, and was not different for mothers/litters exposed to low (LFD) versus high (HFD) foraging demand. Subsequently, LFD and HFD pups as well as pups reared under standard laboratory conditions (SLC) all exhibited vocalization and plasma cortisol responses to involuntary maternal separation. However, several effects of rearing were also observed. HFD pups vocalized less during separation and had higher resting cortisol levels than did SLC pups; LFD and HFD males spent less time in contact with the mother in a test cage than did SLC males. These effects are discussed in terms of the importance of the physical environment in shaping infant-mother interactions and the infant's perception of control.
Frontal granular cortex input to the cingulate (M3), supplementary (M2) and primary (M1) motor cortices in the rhesus monkey

Although frontal lobe interconnections of the primary (area 4 or M1) and supplementary (area 6m or M2) motor cortices are well understood, how frontal granular (or prefrontal) cortex influences these and other motor cortices is not. Using fluorescent dyes in rhesus monkeys, we investigated the distribution of frontal lobe inputs to M1, M2, and the cingulate motor cortex (area 24c or M3, and area 23c). M1 received input from M2, lateral area 6, areas 4C and PrCO, and granular area 12. M2 received input from these same areas as well as M1; granular areas 45, 8, 9, and 46; and the lateral part of the orbitofrontal cortex. Input from the ventral part of lateral area 6, area PrCO, and frontal granular cortex targeted only the ventral portion of M1, and primarily the rostral portion of M2. In contrast, M3 and area 23c received input from M1, M2; lateral area 6 and area 4C; granular areas 8, 12, 9, 46, 10, and 32; as well as orbitofrontal cortex. Only M3 received input from the ventral part of lateral area 6 and areas PrCO, 45, 12vl, and the posterior part of the orbitofrontal cortex. This diversity of frontal lobe inputs, and the heavy component of prefrontal input to the cingulate motor cortex, suggests a hierarchy among the motor cortices studied. M1 receives the least diverse frontal lobe input, and its origin is largely from other agranular motor areas. M2 receives more diverse input, arising primarily from agranular motor and prefrontal association cortices. M3 and area 23c receive both diverse and widespread frontal lobe input, which includes agranular motor, prefrontal association, and frontal limbic cortices. These connectivity patterns suggest that frontal association and frontal limbic areas have direct and preferential access to that part of the corticospinal projection which arises from the cingulate motor cortex.
Buckingham (1907): An appreciation

Nearly a century ago, Edgar Buckingham (1907) published a seminal work on the movement of soil moisture which is part of the foundation of modern soil physics. It also constitutes a pioneering contribution in the study of multi-phase flow in porous media. A physicist, Buckingham took on an earth science issue of importance to society, and produced superb basic science as a byproduct. Buckingham impresses us with his ability to combine experiment and theory, and his capacity to intuitively explain difficult ideas to a wide audience. Science progresses both by gradual accretion of knowledge, and by sudden influx of ideas. Buckingham's contribution belongs in the latter category. After a brief, four-year rendezvous with soil science, he went on to pursue a long and distinguished career in physics with the National Bureau of Standards. This paper is an appreciation of Buckingham's contribution on soil moisture in the context of contemporary developments in diffusion theory, and the rapid growth of science in America at the turn of the twentieth century.
THE ROLE OF CONSTITUENT TRUST IN CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS

The purpose of this inquiry is to introduce a new variable into the study of congressional elections-constituent trust. Constituent trust is defined as the level of confidence that constituents have in their elected representative. This analysis suggests a strategy for measuring constituent trust and develops a model that relates constituent trust directly and indirectly to electoral support. By pooling cross-sectional data drawn from the University of Michigan's American National Election Studies (1978-84), I demonstrate that when constituent trust is salient in voter cognitions, it has a significant direct influence on electoral support and is a better predictor of electoral support than the incumbent's party identification. In addition to its direct effects, I show that constituent trust indirectly influences electoral support because of its causal relationship to incumbent popularity. One of the most important, but neglected, variables in the study of Congress is constituent trust.1 "When a constituent trusts a House member, the constituent is saying something like this: 'I am willing to put myself in your hands temporarily; I know you will have opportunities to hurt me, although I may not know when those opportunities occur; I assume-and I will continue to assume until it is proven otherwise-that you will not hurt me; for the time being, then, I'm not going to worry about your behavior' " (Fenno, 1978:55-56). In short, conGLENN R. PARKER iS Professor of Political Science and a member of the Policy Sciences Program at Florida State University. An earlier version of this paper was delivered at the 1987 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, 3-6 September 1987. The author expresses appreciation to Dale Fodness for his assistance in the analysis. This analysis has benefitted from the comments and advice of Richard Fenno, Morris Fiorina, and Leroy Rieselbach. None of these scholars, however, bears any responsibility for the interpretations or conclusions presented in this paper. 1. For example, Hinckley's (1980a) precise summary of past research on congressional elections and the theoretical and empirical advances resulting from the 1978 American National Election Study makes no mention of constituent trust as a critical variable in past, present, or future studies of congressional elections. Public Opinion Quarterly Volume 53.175-196 ? 1989 by the American Association for Public Opinion Research Published by The University of Chicago Press 1 0033-362X/89/0053-02/$2 50 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.71 on Wed, 27 Apr 2016 06:38:19 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
The Effect of Shared Information on Pilot/Controller and Controller/Controller Interactions

The increased ability to exchange information between Pilots, Controllers, Dispatchers, and other agents is a key component of advanced Air Traffic Management. The importance of shared information as well as current and evolving practices in information sharing are presented for a variety of interactions, Controller-Controller interactions, and Airline-ATM interactions.
CD4 T Cell-Mediated Alloresistance to Fully MHC-Mismatched Allogeneic Bone Marrow Engraftment Is Dependent on CD40-CD40 Ligand Interactions, and Lasting T Cell Tolerance Is Induced by Bone Marrow Transplantation with Initial Blockade of this Pathway

Costimulatory blockade can be used to promote allogeneic marrow engraftment and tolerance induction, but on its own is not 100% reliable. We sought to determine whether one or the other of the CD4 or CD8 T cell subsets of the recipient was primarily responsible for resistance to allogeneic marrow engraftment in mice receiving costimulatory blockade, and to use this information to develop a more reliable, minimal conditioning regimen for induction of mixed chimerism and transplantation tolerance. We demonstrate that a single anti-CD40 ligand mAb treatment is sufficient to completely overcome CD4 cell-mediated resistance to allogeneic marrow engraftment and rapidly induce CD4 cell tolerance, but does not reliably overcome CD8 CTL-mediated alloresistance. The data suggest that costimulation, which activates alloreactive CTL, is insufficient to activate alloreactive CD4 cells when the CD40 pathway is blocked. The addition of host CD8 T cell depletion to anti-CD40 ligand treatment reliably allows the induction of mixed chimerism and donor-specific skin graft tolerance in 3 Gy-irradiated mice receiving fully MHC-mismatched bone marrow grafts. Thus, despite the existence of multiple costimulatory pathways and pathways of APC activation, our studies demonstrate an absolute dependence on CD40-mediated events for CD4 cell-mediated rejection of allogeneic marrow. Exposure to donor bone marrow allows rapid tolerization of alloreactive CD4 cells when the CD40 pathway is blocked, leading to permanent marrow engraftment and intrathymic tolerization of T cells that develop subsequently.
Glucose metabolism after pediatric cardiac surgery: Too many sweets will ruin your appetite.

The study by Floh and colleagues 1 in this issue of the Journal addresses the relationship between cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)–induced inflammation and glucose metabolism. This is an intriguing and very important pathophysiologic interaction, but the clinical relevance for investigating these responses is to inform patient stratification and develop perioperative management protocols, such as glycemic control pathways, that could improve outcomes. Therefore, one critical question to consider is whether there is evidence that glycemic control pathways are actually beneficial in this population. The Surgical Care Improvement Project is responsible for defining many of the quality measures that are tracked in hospitals. These metrics are subsequently endorsed by the National Quality Forum and included in The Joint Commission’s Specifications Manual for hospital quality core measures. One measure, known as Surgical Care Improvement Project Infection (INF)-4, tracks the percentage of ‘‘cardiac surgery patients with controlled postoperative blood glucose.’’ To meet this quality target, a patient undergoing cardiac surgery must have a blood glucose less than or equal to 180 mg/dL ‘‘in the timeframe of 18 to 24 hours after anesthesia end time.’’ 2 The rationale for this metric initially was
Granuloma pyogenicum of the rectum: report of two cases.

The first and, as far as the author knows, the only reported case of granuloma pyogenicum of the rectum is summarized briefly.
FORMAL LONG-TERM CARE NETWORKS: Forming a Partnership with Gerontological Nurses

Faced with overwhelming demands on their time, physical reserves, and emotional energy, contemporary families are depending more and more on formal networks to help them with their elder care responsibilities. In the past, these interactions worked in a somewhat complimentary fashion with each caregiver having identifiable roles and responsibilities. Now, reforms in health and human services are pushing and pulling families into complex caregiving partnerships. These situations have the very real potential for creating stress, strain, tension and conflict among caregivers, as well as opportunities for thriving partnerships in care.
Study of potential gas eruption by seismic survey in Lake Kivu

We have investigated potential risk of gas eruption by air gun operation in a seismic survey on the Lake Kivu, East Africa, which contains a huge amount of gas dissolved in the water zone below a depth of 260 m. Measured data suggest that gas nucleation and bubble growth in a large body of water require super-saturated condition (pressure significantly lower than the bubble pressure (B. P.) and significant long relaxation time (> 1 second). Initial homogeneous gas nucleation in water enhances viscous behavior of gas exhaustion from a large body of water. Therefore, a seismic survey on the lake surface will not likely trigger gas outburst from the Lake Kivu.
Imaging, Doppler, and spectroscopic radars from 95 to 700 GHz

Imaging, Doppler, and spectroscopic radars from 95 to 700 GHz, all using the frequency-modulated continuous-wave technique, are in various stages of development for both defense and science applications at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. For standoff security screening, a 340 GHz imaging radar now achieves an 8.3 Hz frame, and it has been tested using power-efficient MMIC-based active multiplier sources into its front end. That system evolved from a 680 GHz security radar platform, which has also been modified to operate in a Doppler mode for probing the dynamics of blowing sand and sensing small-amplitude target vibrations. Meanwhile, 95 and 183 GHz radars based on similar RF architectures are currently being developed to probe cometary jets in space and, using a differential absorption technique, humidity inside upper-tropospheric clouds.
Die Therapie des Mammacarcinoms

In der Mammaklinik in Columbia erreichen wir mit der radikalen Mastektomie nach Haagensen fur alle Mammacarcinome im Stadium A und B eine 10-Jahres-Uberlebensrate von 70% und 43%. Fast alle Patientinnen erhalten prophylaktische Bestrahlung der inneren Mammaregion, diejenigen Patientinnen mit 8 oder mehr befallenen Lymphknoten erhalten Vollbestrahlung. Patientinnen der Stadien C und D werden nur bestrahlt. Bei Vergleich der verschiedenen Behandlungsmethoden ergibt die radikale Mastektomie nach Haagensen die besten Resultate in operablen Fallen.
BitBlox: A Redesign of the Breadboard

Building physical computing projects can enable learners to integrate computing into a range of interests and disciplines. However, the electronic portion of these projects can be difficult. Students are learning new concepts as well as how to work with new tools. This influx of information can be difficult for students to retain in their working memory as they construct their circuits. In this paper, we introduce BitBlox, a set of modular, solderless Breadboards for prototyping circuits. BitBlox attempts to decrease the cognitive load on the user by reducing the complexity found in the standard Breadboard by bringing visibility to the underlying connections within its modules. We present a comparative classroom study integrating the Breadboard and BitBlox into two different high school classes. Our qualitative analysis focuses on student errors, strategies, and collaborative practices, highlighting important dynamics for designing hardware tools.
Feature Based Design Assembly

Assembly has been an important part in any production environment. Automation of assembly has been a major research issue in the last couple of years to achieve accurate assembly. The gross manipulation can be controlled but the problem of fine motion is very complex to handle because there is always uncertainty exists the problem becomes more complicated. The analysis of a assembly can be done by use of features effectively.
Social relations of sexually abused children: A social information processing analysis

The implications of sexual abuse for the child's interpersonal functioning and environment have been insufficiently understood, and this has repercussions that may limit comprehensive assessment and effective treatment. We suggest that clinicians and researchers need to address the new social challenges that may confront a sexually abused child. A social information processing model and its implications for therapy, and understanding the social difficulties of the sexually abused child, is presented.
Measuring fuel transport through fluorocarbon and fluorine-free firefighting foams

Abstract A flux chamber was designed to measure the transient fuel transport through a foam layer before significant degradation of foam occurred. The fuel transport rate through AFFF (fluorinated foam) was much slower than through RF6 (fluorine-free foam) with break-through times being 820 s and 276 s respectively over n-heptane. The fuel flux through AFFF covering three fuel pools (n-heptane, iso-octane, and methyl-cyclohexane) was also measured. AFFF had the smallest flux over iso-octane with a break-through time over 1900 s and the highest flux over methyl-cyclohexane with a break-through time under 80 s even though the fuels have similar vapor pressures at room temperature. Despite the lack of aqueous film formation on an iso-octane fuel pool, the fuel vapor flux through AFFF was much smaller relative to the methyl-cyclohexane pool, which enables film formation due to its higher surface tension than iso-octane. Our measurements of transient fuel flux show that the foam layer is a significant barrier to fuel vapor transport. The data suggest a transient mechanism based on the suppression of fuel adsorption onto bubble lamellae surfaces due to the oleophobicity of fluorocarbon surfactants, which is consistent with fuel solubility data. This suggests that surfactants that suppress fuel adsorption and solubility into bubble lamellae surfaces may reduce fuel transport through foams.
Extraneous Matter Examination

Extraneous materials are any foreign substances in foods associated with objectionable conditions or practices in production, storage, or distribution of foods. Extraneous materials can be separated from food products by particle size, sedimentation, and affinity for oleophilic solutions. Once isolated, extraneous materials can be examined microscopically. This laboratory exercise utilizes techniques to isolate the extraneous matter from various foods: cottage cheese, jam, infant food, potato chips, and citrus juice. The description of the procedures for these foods is based on AOAC International methods, but the quantities are reduced to half.
Emerging Models to Prepare the Workforce for Health System Change

Critical to health care reform is recruiting and training a multiprofessional workforce working together collaboratively with individuals, families, and communities using an interprofessional team approach. This chapter characterizes how Oregon has approached the recruitment and retention of health care professionals to meet the demand, now and into the future, as well as providing the competency training for a new system of care. Three workforce training interventions that have emerged as catalysts to implementation of health reform in Oregon are described in the final section of this chapter: (1) the Clinical Innovation Fellows Program; (2) the Traditional Health Workers Program; and (3) the Patient-Centered Primary Care Home Program.
Characterization of Radiation Fields for Assessing Concrete Degradation in Biological Shields of NPPs

Life extensions of nuclear power plants (NPPs) to 60 years of operation and the possibility of subsequent license renewal to 80 years have renewed interest in long-term material degradation in NPPs. Large irreplaceable sections of most nuclear generating stations are constructed from concrete, including safety-related structures such as biological shields and containment buildings; therefore, concrete degradation is being considered with particular focus on radiation-induced effects. Based on the projected neutron fluence values (E > 0.1 MeV) in the concrete biological shields of the US pressurized water reactor fleet and the currently available data on radiation effects on concrete, some decrease in mechanical properties of concrete cannot be ruled out during extended operation beyond 60 years. An expansion of the irradiated concrete database is desirable to ensure reliable risk assessment for extended operation of nuclear power plants.
Effectiveness of a Staged US and Unenhanced MR Imaging Algorithm in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Appendicitis

A staged algorithm of US followed by unenhanced MR imaging can be highly sensitive and specific for pediatric appendicitis.
Separating the wheat from the chaff: Signaling in microfinance loans

Abstract We examine how microfinance borrowers might signal their repayment responsibility (i.e., borrower quality) by opting into (costly) life insurance purchase along with their micro-loans. We show empirically that borrowers who bought additional life insurance coverage were significantly more likely to fully repay their loan, and were allowed to receive higher loan amounts, even after controlling for borrower health and other determinants of loan repayment and insurance purchase. The relationship is stronger in magnitude for new borrowers’ first loan than for their second loan, and in several situations in which borrowers would have a higher incentive to signal their creditworthiness. We interpret this evidence as borrowers signaling their creditworthiness (or quality) by purchasing costly insurance in an environment subject to a high level of information asymmetries and devoid of credible tools to demonstrate creditworthiness.
Click-Evoked Auditory Efferent Activity: Rate and Level Effects

There currently are no standardized protocols to evaluate auditory efferent function in humans. Typical tests use broadband noise to activate the efferents, but only test the contralateral efferent pathway, risk activating the middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR), and are laborious for clinical use. In an attempt to develop a clinical test of bilateral auditory efferent function, we have designed a method that uses clicks to evoke efferent activity, obtain click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs), and monitor MEMR. This allows for near-simultaneous estimation of cochlear and efferent function. In the present study, we manipulated click level (60, 70, and 80 dB peak-equivalent sound pressure level [peSPL]) and rate (40, 50, and 62.5 Hz) to identify an optimal rate-level combination that evokes measurable efferent modulation of CEOAEs. Our findings (n = 58) demonstrate that almost all click levels and rates used caused significant inhibition of CEOAEs, with a significant interaction between level and rate effects. Predictably, bilateral activation produced greater inhibition compared to stimulating the efferents only in the ipsilateral or contralateral ear. In examining the click rate-level effects during bilateral activation in greater detail, we observed a 1-dB inhibition of CEOAE level for each 10-dB increase in click level, with rate held constant at 62.5 Hz. Similarly, a 10-Hz increase in rate produced a 0.74-dB reduction in CEOAE level, with click level held constant at 80 dB peSPL. The effect size (Cohen’s d) was small for either monaural condition and medium for bilateral, faster-rate, and higher-level conditions. We were also able to reliably extract CEOAEs from efferent eliciting clicks. We conclude that clicks can indeed be profitably employed to simultaneously evaluate cochlear health using CEOAEs as well as their efferent modulation. Furthermore, using bilateral clicks allows the evaluation of both the crossed and uncrossed elements of the auditory efferent nervous system, while yielding larger, more discernible, inhibition of the CEOAEs relative to either ipsilateral or contralateral condition.