cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Internet usage for health-related purposes among Greek consumers

With more than 1 billion Internet users worldwide, the World Wide Web has inevitably made its mark on the global healthcare industry. As an EU nation, Greece has not conducted many e-health trends surveys due to the low penetration of the Internet and the continued belief among Greek consumers that the Internet cannot substitute for face-to-face contact with a physician. Yet, the extant literature does reveal a growing trend of Internet usage for health-related information among Greek consumers over the past decade. The purpose of this study is to survey the extent of Internet usage for health-related purposes among a representative sample of Greek consumers. Results indicated Internet usage among Greek consumers is rising in comparison with past surveys. Also, Greek consumers who are young, female, and well-educated seem to also trust health-related information found on the Internet as well as following recommendations they get from online health-related information.
Functional MRI measurement of language Lateralization in Wada-tested patients

Summary In this study the use of functional MRI (fMRI) for measuring language lateralization non-invasively was examined. The subjects were seven patients with histories of temporal lobe epilepsy who had undergone Wada resting for pre-surgical evaluation. Four patients were left-hemisphere-dominant and three were right-hemisphere-dominant for language. They received fMRI scans while they made semantic or perceptual judgments about visually presented words. Regions of the inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis and pars orbitalis) and neighbouring orbital cortex, corresponding to portions of Brodmann areas 45, 46 and 47, exhibited significant increases in activation during semantic relative to perceptual judgments. Lateralization of the increases in activation were consistent with the Wada test assessments of hemispheric language dominance in each of the seven patients. These results suggest that, in addition to providing a tool for investigating human cognitive processes, fMRI has significant clinical potential as a non-invasive measure of language laterlization.
Risk Factors for Stroke in Blacks: A Critical Review

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in US Blacks and is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Mortality rates are higher in Blacks than in Whites in the United States at ages below 70 years. In Blacks, advanced age, elevated blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and smoking are the only risk factors for stroke whose status has been firmly established by published data. More data are needed to assess other likely risk factors of importance for risk stratification and intervention and to determine the fraction of racial differences in stroke that may be explained by risk factor differences. Higher prevalences of hypertension, diabetes, obesity (in women), elevated lipoprotein(a) level, smoking (in men), and low socioeconomic status may contribute to the higher stroke incidence and mortality in US Blacks as compared with Whites. However, further environmental influences must be studied and candidate genes identified before assuming that racial differences can be attributed to inborn susceptibility linked to inheritance of specific genes.
Integrated text and line-art extraction from a topographic map

Our proposed approach to text and line-art extraction requires accurately locating a text-string box and identifying external line vectors incident on the box. The results of extrapolating these vectors inside the box are passed to an experimental single-font optical char- acter reader (OCR) program, specically trained for the font used for street labels. In the rst evaluation ex- periment, automated techniques are used to identify the boxes and the line vectors. In the second, more com- prehensive, experiment an operator marks these using a graphical user interface. OCR results on 544 instances of overlapped street-name boxes show the following im- provements due to the integrated processing: the error rate is reduced from 4.1% to 2.0% for characters and from 11.8% to 6.4% for words.
Teaching and assessing the nature of science: An introduction

The phrase ‘‘The Nature of Science’’ (NOS) is often used by science educators to refer to issues such as what science is, how it works, the epistemological and ontological foundations of science, how scientists function as a social group and how society influences and reacts to scientific endeavors. The importance of accurately and deliberately teaching NOS when teaching science to students is widely recognized. This is evident in science education reform documents, the extensive NOS literature appearing in science education journals, and as the focus of Science & Education. However, despite this cheery consensus regarding the importance of accurately teaching the NOS, much remains to be done in moving the vision to a reality in elementary through post-secondary science education. This special issue of Science & Education devoted to teaching and assessing the nature of science illustrates the importance of the NOS in teaching science, the research efforts being made to promote effective NOS teaching and learning, and points to the significant amount of work that remains to be done. What should be taught to students about NOS, and the developmental appropriateness of particular NOS ideas, are crucial decisions still being addressed in the science education community. Science educators acknowledge that issues regarding the nature of science are not settled (e.g. Abd-El-Khalick et al. 1998; Clough 2006; Eflin et al. 1999; Matthews 1994; McComas et al. 1998; Smith et al. 1997). At the same time, all these scholars argue that for science education purposes, an acceptable level of consensus exists on broad nature of science issues. The most recognized list of acceptable positions regarding the nature of science is that offered by Abd-El-Khalick et al. (1998). However, Clough (2007) raises concerns about NOS tenets arguing that they can be stifling and easily misused. While NOS tenets might provide guidance for curriculum development, teaching, and assessment regarding the NOS, they must not dictate the scope and sequence of NOS teaching and learning.
Fierz-Pauli Mass From Torsion

This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to imprecisions which must conduce to wrong results.
Pain and suffering in product liability cases: Systematic compensation or capricious awards?

Victims of product accidents suffer a variety of potential losses to their welfare. Their income may drop, in some cases permanently. Medical expenses may run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars. In addition, there is a fundamental loss in welfare associated with the adverse health effects resulting from the accident. The “pain and suffering” designation is usually used to refer to these nonmonetary losses of the accident victim. Court awards to accident victims address each of these loss components. For the financial component of losses, the objective of the compensation is to restore the victim to “a position substantially equivalent in a pecuniary way to that which he would have occupied had no tort been committed.“’ The subsequent calculation of medical costs and lost wages losses is straightforward, as the losses are directly measurable and readily quantifiable. Although future growth rates of wages and medical costs are uncertain, there is a substantial body of empirical evidence and economic theory to assist in making such judgments. Thus, the criteria for compensation and the calculation of the appropriate level of compensation are reasonably well defined. Matters are quite different in the case of pain and suffering awards. This compensation is “intended to give to the injured person some pecuniary return for what he has suffered or is likely to suffer. There is no scale by which the detriment caused by suffering can be measured and hence there can be only a rough correspondence between the amount awarded as damages and the extent of the suffering.“’ Although pain and suffering represents a legitimate component of compensation, there is no well-specified measure of what it is or how much of the welfare loss it is intended to replace. The most that legal scholars have offered are somewhat negative guidelines that indicate what pain and suffering is not. Thus, it is generally recognized that the appropriate pain and suffering award is not the market value of a certain loss of this type.3 One should not, for example, pose the question in terms of how much the accident victim would require to accept the certainty of a particular loss. such as hemiplegia.4 The most widely used set, in terms of quantitative guidelines, is the approach suggested by Melvin Belli, who urges plaintiffs’ lawyers to ask the jury to assess the pain and suffering for a small time interval (e.g.. a day) and then to scale up this number proportionally with the total duration of the pain and suffering to
X-Ray Specular Reflection Studies of Silicon Coated by Organic Monolayers (Alkylsiloxanes)

X-ray specular reflectivity has been used to characterize the structure of silicon--silicon-oxide surfaces coated with chemisorbed hydrocarbon monolayer films (alkylsiloxanes). Using synchrotron radiation the reflectivity was followed over 9 orders of magnitude, from grazing incidence to an incident angle of \ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\approxeq}6.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, or q=(4\ensuremath{\pi}/\ensuremath{\lambda})sin(\ensuremath{\varphi})=0.8 A${\r{}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, allowing a spatial resolution of features approximately \ensuremath{\pi}/0.8\ensuremath{\approxeq}4.0 A\r{} along the surface normal. Analysis was performed by fitting the data to reflectivities calculated from models of the surface electron density and by calculating Patterson functions directly from the data. Although the measured reflectivities could be equally well described by different sets of model parameters, the electron densities calculated from these different parameters were remarkably alike. Inspection of the electron densities allowed identification of a layer of ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ (\ensuremath{\approxeq}17-A\r{} thick), a layer of head-group region where the alkylsiloxane adsorbs to the ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$, and the hydrocarbon layer. Fitting the data also required that the various interfaces have different widths. The fact that the same local hydrocarbon density of 0.85 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ was observed for both fully formed and partially formed monolayers with alkane chains of varying length excluded a model in which the partially formed monolayer was made up of separated islands of well-formed monolayers. Measurements before and after chemical reaction of a monolayer in which the alkyl chain was terminated by an olefinic group demonstrated the ability to use x-ray reflectivity to characterize chemical changes. The effects of radiation damage on these types of measurements are described.
Stretched-pulse optical fiber communications

We compare numerically long-distance propagation of two types of nonlinear pulses: a stretched pulse in a fiber with alternating normal and anomalous dispersion and a soliton in a fiber with uniformly anomalous dispersion. Numerical evaluation of timing jitter and Q factor reveals that stretched pulses can be propagated over longer distances than solitons with the same (averaged) fiber dispersion in the presence of weak fixed-frequency filtering. We also examine pulse-to-pulse interactions between stretched pulses and the influence of fluctuations of the fiber dispersion.
Increased Expression of Genes Linked to FcεRI Signaling and to Cytokine and Chemokine Production in Lyn-Deficient Mast Cells

Cross-linking the high-affinity IgE receptor, FceRI, on mast cells activates signaling pathways leading to the release of preformed inflammatory mediators and the production of cytokines and chemokines associated with allergic disorders. Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) from Lyn-deficient (Lyn−/−) mice are hyperresponsive to FceRI cross-linking with multivalent Ag. Previous studies linked the hyperresponsive phenotype in part to increased Fyn kinase activity and reduced SHIP phosphatase activity in the Lyn−/− BMMCs in comparison with wild-type (WT) cells. In this study, we compared gene expression profiles between resting and Ag-activated WT and Lyn−/− BMMCs to identify other factors that may contribute to the hyperresponsiveness of the Lyn−/− cells. Among genes implicated in the positive regulation of FceRI signaling, mRNA for the tyrosine kinase, Fyn, and for several proteins contributing to calcium regulation are more up-regulated following Ag stimulation in Lyn−/− BMMCs than in WT BMMCs. Conversely, mRNA for the low-affinity IgG receptor (FcγRIIB), implicated in negative regulation of FceRI-mediated signaling, is more down-regulated in Ag-stimulated Lyn−/− BMMCs than in WT BMMCs. Genes coding for proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, CSF, CCL1, CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, CCL9, and MIP1β)are all more highly expressed in Ag-stimulated Lyn−/− mast cells than in WT cells. These microarray data identify Lyn as a negative regulator in Ag-stimulated BMMCs of the expression of genes linked to FceRI signaling and also to the response pathways that lead to allergy and asthma.
Ionic channel changes occurring during infarct healing cause postrepolarization refractoriness

The changes in Na channel function caused by infarct healing result in slow conduction and prolongation of the refractory period which might create the conditions to initiate tachycardia in infarcted canine hearts.
Yolanda's story: An antenarratological approach to understanding mothering work.

PURPOSE Mothering work has been studied by social and occupational scientists, as well as a few occupational therapists. However, there remains a lack of in depth qualitative analysis that provides a trajectory view of a mother's experience, particularly after traumatic events involving their children. This study sought to further understand a mothering experience from a mothering work lens following the near-drowning experience of a child in South Florida. METHOD Antenarratology is a relatively new approach for analyzing qualitative data. It provides a way to understand the complexities of phenomena over a period of time from a more contextual approach. This method was used to analyze a mother's blog post injury of her child. This report introduces the method and its application to one mother's experience using a case study format. RESULTS Analysis of data using antenarratology methodology revealed a variety of disparate, inconsistent and common threads, which is acceptable in antenarratological explorations. This more appropriately mirrors the variations of life that a mother's work experiences in child care work entail, particularly post injury.
Encysted fourth ventricle

A case of an encysted fourth ventricle subsequent to meningitis is described. This clinical entity may cause a progressive neurological deficit secondary to mass effect and recurrent central nervous system infections. Direct drainage, as opposed to lateral ventricular shunting alone, is indicated.
The specific heat of copper, nickel and copper-nickel alloys

Abstract The specific heat of high-purity copper, nickel, and several nickel-rich alloys from room temperature to 600°C is reported. The data, obtained with an adiabatic calorimeter, were reproducible to within ±0.25 per cent and have an estimated absolute error of less than ±0.5 per cent.
Reducing Fertilization for Cut Roses: Effect on Crop Productivity and Twospotted Spider Mite Abundance, Distribution, and Management

ABSTRACT Fertilization reduction could be a useful pest management tactic for floriculture crops if it reduced pest populations with little loss in crop yield and quality. We evaluated the response of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), to different fertilization levels for cut roses, Rosa hybrida L. ‘Tropicana’ and quantified fertilization effects on 1 ) management of T. urticae on roses, 2) abundance and distribution of T. urticae on roses, and 3) yield and quality of the cut rose crop. We tested two fertilization levels, 10% (15 ppm N) and 100% (150 ppm N) of the recommended level for commercial production, and three control methods: no control measure; a predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot; and a miticide, bifenazate. Combinations of both bottom up (fertilization) and top down (biological or chemical control) tactics provided a greater degree of T. urticae control than either tactic alone. Rose productivity was reduced with fertilization at 1...
The Telencephalon of Snakes

Reptiles, as a group, are most interesting subjects for the study of telencephalic development, because it is in reptiles that the differentiation of cortical regions first becomes obvious. The relative simplicity of the reptilian telencephalon and its position intermediate between amphibian and mammalian telencephalic development offer further inducements to its study. Of particular interest to students of development of the central nervous system and those attempting to define homologous structures is the observation that the development of the reptilian brain parallels the development of mammalian brains (Warner, 1946) and that many similarities exist between the final adult reptilian telencephalon and intermediate stages of mammalian telencephalic ontogenetic development (Humphrey, 1967). Interestingly, reptiles differ among themselves considerably and must be considered an exceptionally heterogeneous group. It is therefore somewhat surprising that with the exception of a few scattered reports (Meyer, 1892, 1895; Rabl-Ruckhard, 1894; Edinger, 1896; Ariens Kappers and Theunissen, 1908; DeLange, 1911; Rose, 1923; Ariens Kappers et al., 1960), one serious series of investigations (Warner, 1931, 1946, 1947), and a short paper by Carey (1967) little attention has been paid in the past to the study of the ophidian telencephalon. It has only been within the past 3–4 years that experimental work has been reported on the telencephalon of snakes. It will become clear as this chapter progresses that the major current work on the ophidian telencephalon is occurring in Dr. Philip Ulinski’s laboratory and my own.
Total Psoas Area Predicts Complications following Radical Cystectomy

Purpose. To determine whether total psoas area (TPA), a simple estimate of muscle mass, is associated with complications after radical cystectomy. Materials and Methods. Patients who underwent radical cystectomy at our institution from 2011 to 2012 were retrospectively identified. Total psoas area was measured on preoperative CT scans and normalized for patient height. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether TPA was a predictor of 90-day postoperative complications. Overall survival was compared between TPA quartiles. Results. 135 patients were identified for analysis. Median follow-up was 24 months (IQR: 6-37 months). Overall 90-day complication rate was 56% (75/135). TPA was significantly lower for patients who experienced any complication (7.8 cm(2)/m(2) versus 8.8 cm(2)/m(2), P = 0.023) and an infectious complication (7.0 cm(2)/m(2) versus 8.7 cm(2)/m(2), P = 0.032) than those who did not. On multivariable analysis, TPA (adjusted OR 0.70 (95% CI 0.56-0.89), P = 0.003) and Charlson comorbidity index (adjusted OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.01-1.79), P = 0.045) were independently associated with 90-day complications. TPA was not a predictor of overall survival. Conclusions. Low TPA is associated with infectious complications and is an independent predictor of experiencing a postoperative complication following radical cystectomy.
EVALUATION OF BITMAP INDEX USING PROTOTYPE DATA WAREHOUSE

Bitmap indices have become popular access methods for data warehouse applications and decision support systems with large amounts of read-mostly data. This paper could arrive a number of results such as ; Bitmap Index highly improves the performance of Query Answering in Data Warehouses, It highly increases the efficiency of Complex Query processing through using bitwise operations (AND, OR). A prototype of Data Warehouse “STUDENTS DW” has been built according to the conditions of W. Inomn of Data Warehouses. This prototype is built for student's information.
Government Intervention: What Price Progress in Canada?

Delivered to the Progressive Conservative Party Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, June 8, 1981.Honourable Members of Parliament, the Right Honourable Joe Clark, Leader of the Opposition, Honourable Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen: Before launching into my topic, I want to say a few words about why I have chosen the subject area on which I will be speaking today. The first reason will be obvious to many of you. It is that the Fraser Institute seeks, upon every occasion it can, to provide a sobering reminder of the impact of government on the economic lives of Canadians, and the importance of maintaining a vibrant private sector in the delicate balance that has come to be called the mixed economy. That of course would have been reason enough for me to take the opportunity to speak about the pitfalls and dangers involved in increasing the amount of government intervention in the economy, to a gathering assembled by an avowedly conservative group.
Proteinuria Following Intravenous Norepinephrine and Epinephrine in Man

Conclusions1. Proteinuria has been induced by intravenous administration of norepinephrine and epinephrine in normal subjects and those with intermittent proteinuria. 2. These observations suggest a possible role of the sympathomimetic amines in occurrence of transient proteinuria under stressful conditions.
MOORED SHIP RESPONSE IN IRREGULAR WAVES

The traditional concept of representing a "random" sea state by just a variance spectral density has been found to be insufficient for modelling the slow drift oscillations of large moored ships. This paper illustrates, through experimental investigations, the importance of including wave grouping as an additional design parameter. A special technique called SIWEH, developed by the Hydraulics Laboratory of the National Research Council Canada, for the generation of realistic wave climates which include wave grouping, is presented. However, when generating the grouped sea state, one also has to properly create the group-bound long wave components. The effect of proper compensation for the spurious free wave components is illustrated by the test results on the moored vessel response.
The Position of the NSDAP in the German Constitutional Order

Perhaps no country has ever constructed so elaborate and complicated a mechanism for correlating the political and economic requirements of its rulers as has Germany under Hitler. Under no other political system has the organization of all classes been pushed so close to its ultimate limit. Every conceivable aspect of life in the Third Reich has been closely scrutinized for its value to National Socialism and subjected to some form of official control. Because of the continual state of crisis in which the regime finds itself, both at home and abroad, this control has been expanded to an extent undreamed of in pre-Hitler Germany. To make it effective, there has been constructed a labyrinth of bureaus, agencies, and supervisory offices that is confusing and often incomprehensible to the foreign observer.The task of rationalizing this complex system and justifying the tremendous exercise of authority it requires has been indeed a trying one for the German speculative genius. Seeming contradictions arising from the practical political necessities faced by National Socialism have not made it any easier. For example, the propaganda value of portraying the Third Reich as a bulwark against soviet tyranny has made necessary a complicated explanation of the difference between Russian “regimentation” and German “organization.”
Plasma Aldosterone and Heart Failure in the General Community

and 687pg/ml, respectively. BNP decreased in both groups at discharge (60% for MSASV vs. 40% for standard care). However, after 3 days, BNP in the standard care group had increased to a median of 920pg/ml, while BNP in the MV-ASV group demonstrated a continued and marked decrease to a median of 353pg/ml. Compared to admission, the 3 day Likert Breathing scores demonstrated an average 52% increase in the MV-ASV group, versus a 24% increase in the standard care group. Conclusion: The use of MV-ASV in patients with ADHF resulted in a rapid early improvement in dyspnea as well as a marked drop in BNP levels, suggesting mitigations of pulmonary edema and neurohormonal activity.
Rapid cycloaddition of a diazo group with an unstrained dipolarophile.

Abstract The cycloaddition of a diazoacetamide with ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorocrotonate proceeds with k = 0.1 M−1 s−1. This second-order rate constant rivals those of optimized strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloadditions, even though the reaction does not release strain. The regioselectivity and a computational distortion/interaction analysis of the reaction energetics are consistent with the formation of an N H⋯F C hydrogen bond in the transition state and the electronic character of the trifluorocrotonate. Analogous reactions with an azidoacetamide dipole or with an acrylate or crotonate dipolarophile are much slower. These findings suggest a new strategy for the design of diazo-selective reagents for chemical biology.
On the Mean Flow Behaviour in the Presence of Regional-Scale Surface Roughness Heterogeneity

A suite of large-eddy simulations of the neutral atmospheric boundary layer is conducted to study the mean flow response to the presence of surface roughness heterogeneity at regional scales (surface roughness heterogeneity on the scale of several boundary-layer heights). The roughness heterogeneity is imposed using alternating rough wall patches with numerically resolved rectangular roughness elements of different packing densities. The flow near the surface is found to adjust rapidly, reaching equilibrium conditions at distances on the order of a single inter-roughness element spacing. Despite the regional heterogeneity in surface roughness, it is often desirable to parametrize the entire rough wall using one single effective roughness height. To develop such a parametrization the model of Bou-Zeid et al. [Water Resources Research 40(2):1, 2004] is extended to incorporate the displacement height, d. Predictions from this parametrization are compared with the simulations, with reasonably good agreement.
Community Colleges as a Site for Community Organizing: A Model for Facilitating Social Justice Engagement

Civic Engagement in higher education needs to involve more than community service experiences in low-income neighborhoods and organizations. It needs to become an integrated part of an overall curriculum aimed at the development of a set of concepts and skills that facilitates a systemic understanding of social problems. This chapter describes one attempt at developing such a curriculum that includes three components: a conceptual model of society, an experiential component, and an opportunity to integrate the two through an analytical project. This project began with the collection of preliminary baseline data regarding the definitions, experiences and understandings of several hundred community college students regarding the idea of community, which served as the basis for the development of the final assignment described below. At the end of the chapter a series of suggestions regarding institutional policy and design are offered to support and expand this model of civic engagement, given the complexity of the work being asked of students, both in terms of the experiential and analytical components.
Generating Texture-Aware Spatial Decompositions

This work presents an algorithm to provide a better representation of space to artificially intelligent characters (i.e., agents or bots) in game and simulation environments by providing a more accurate breakdown of the traversable space present in the game environment. Such representations are generally constructed by decomposing the walkable space present in a game environment into a series of convex regions to form a data structure called a navigation mesh. We extend the basic concept of a navigation mesh by the introduction of an understanding of the textures that are attached to the underlying geometry creating what we refer to as a texture-aware navigation mesh. This does result in a more complex navigation mesh (more regions and a larger search space). However, since the textures of walkable geometry can be used to determine the appropriate traversal method for that terrain, a game character can determine valid paths for their traversal methods using just the navigation mesh (e.g., characters in cars can generate paths containing just roads or walking characters can create paths containing just sidewalks). We also present a use case that shows how such a system of texture aware navigation meshes might benefit character path planning and search in virtual environments. In this use case, we examine a Real Time Strategy game style game environment, which shows it is possible to generate a navigation mesh such that each region is composed of a single terrain type.
Relationship of independent variables to one another

Does it matter if my independent variables are related to each other? As discussed in Section 1.1, the strength of multivariable analysis is its ability to determine how multiple independent variables, which are related to one another, are related to an outcome. We would not need multivariable analysis to determine the independent effect of exercise on mortality if it weren't for the fact that exercise, smoking, age, hypertension, and cholesterol level were all related to each other and the outcome of interest. Multivariable analysis helps us to separate the effects of these different variables on outcomes such as mortality. However, if two variables are so closely correlated that if you know the value for one variable you know the value of the other, multivariable analysis cannot separately assess the impact of these two variables on the outcome. This problem is called multicollinearity. I can best illustrate it with an extreme example. Let's say you were studying factors that affected length of hospital stay among patients with pneumonia. At your hospital, to accommodate the different preferences of the staff, the nurses record patients' temperature in both Fahrenheit and Celsius. When you do your medical abstraction, you record both Fahrenheit and Celsius temperatures. If you entered both variables in a model assessing length of stay, your model would be incorrect, and you would get an error message or unpredictable answers. This is because temperature in Celsius and temperature in Fahrenheit is the same variable even though the numbers are different.
Deposit Insurance and the Politics of Regulatory Subsidy

In US financial regulation, deposit insurance is the quintessential regulatory subsidy. The insurance guarantee, which covers deposits in banks (and certain other depository institutions) up to a maximum of $100 000 (since 1980), may appear to be a straightforward consumer protection scheme, designed for the benefit of small depositors who otherwise would suffer financial loss in the event of bank failure. And certainly deposit insurance is not unique to the US. In recent years, some form of deposit guarantee has become a part of many national bank regulatory regimes.
Compensatory Renal Hypertrophy and the Uptake of Cysteine S-Conjugates of Hg2+ in Isolated S2 Proximal Tubular Segments.

Chronic kidney disease is characterized by a progressive and permanent loss of functioning nephrons. In order to compensate for this loss, the remaining functional nephrons undergo significant structural and functional changes. We hypothesize that luminal uptake of inorganic mercury (Hg2+), as a conjugate of cysteine (Cys; Cys-S-Hg-S-Cys), is enhanced in S2 segments of proximal tubules from the remnant kidney of uninephrectomized (NPX) rabbits. To test this hypothesis, we measured uptake and accumulation of Cys-S-Hg-S-Cys in isolated perfused S2 segments of proximal tubules from normal (control) and NPX rabbits. The remnant kidney in NPX rabbits undergoes significant hypertrophy during the initial 3 weeks following surgery. Tubules isolated from NPX rabbits were significantly larger in diameter and volume than those from control rabbits. Moreover, real-time PCR analyses of proximal tubules indicated that the expression of selected membrane transporters was greater in kidneys of NPX animals than in kidneys of control animals. When S2 segments from control and NPX rabbits were perfused with cystine or Cys-S-Hg-S-Cys, we found that the rates of luminal disappearance and tubular accumulation of Hg2+ were greater in tubules from NPX animals. These increases were inhibited by the addition of various amino acids to the perfusate. Taken together, our data suggest that hypertrophic changes in proximal tubules lead to an enhanced ability of these tubules to take up and accumulate Hg2+.
Transcultural San Francisco: Andrew Furuseth, Olaf Tveitmoe, and the Forgotten Scandinavian American Experience

Andrew Furuseth and Olaf Tveitmoe, both immigrants from Norway, were two of the most powerful labor leaders on the West Coast in the early twentieth century. Their perspectives and experiences as Scandinavians, as immigrants, and as San Franciscans helped to forge an approach to political activism that has long been overshadowed by the far more famous events of the 1960s and 1970s. Working with innovative methods in the field of transcultural biography, this article argues that the contradictory, transcultural nature of each man’s career, which included both anti-Asian racism and a profound opposition to war and militarism, had a major impact on San Francisco’s political consciousness that is still felt today.
Constructing the Self: Connection and Separation

Analyzing Ballantyne’s Coral Island and Nesbit’s Treasure Seekers, Jenkins illustrates how character-narrators model the experience of subjects in process, offering not just as-if but as-if-I opportunities that result from acknowledgment from a beloved authority. The subject-I narrator models a key aspect of Kristeva’s signifying process, shifting emphasis from the object of transference to the act of transference, which she describes as love. Jenkins shows how both character-narrators negotiate cultural abject as subjects in process, developing internal standards of morality, so they can construct subject positions, successfully separating from the other without total transposition into the Symbolic. Oswald narrates a more self-conscious, literate story than Ralph’s less critical one, but both facilitate imaginative transference.
Vaccine-preventable disease in women of reproductive age

A guide to navigating the special concerns of women of reproductive age in efforts to immunize adults.
Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Dysfunction Markers for Serious Adverse Events in Acute Normotensive Pulmonary Embolism.

Abstract Background Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in pulmonary embolism (PE) has been associated with increased morbidity. Tools for RVD identification are not well defined. The prognostic value of RVD markers to predict serious adverse events (SAE) during hospitalization is unclear. Objective Prospectively compare the incidence of SAE in normotensive emergency department patients with PE based upon RVD by goal-directed echocardiography (GDE), cardiac biomarkers, and right-to-left ventricle ratio by computed tomography (CT). Simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) was calculated. Deaths and readmissions within 30 days were recorded. Methods Consecutive normotensive PE patients underwent GDE focused on RVD (RV enlargement, hypokinesis, or septal bowing), serum troponin, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and evaluation of the CT ventricle ratio. In-hospital SAE and complications within 30 days were recorded. Results We enrolled 123 normotensive PE patients (median age 59 years, 49% female). Twenty-six of 123 (26%) patients had one or more SAE. RVD was detected in 26% by GDE, in 39% by biomarkers, and in 38% with CT. In-hospital SAE included one death, six respiratory interventions, six dysrhythmias, three major bleeding episodes, and 21 hypotension episodes. Forty-one percent of patients RVD positive by GDE had SAE, compared to the 18% RVD negative by GDE. Odds ratios for GDE, CT, BNP, troponin, and sPESI for SAE were 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–8.5), 2.0 (95% CI 0.8–5.1), 3.3 (95% CI 1.3–8.6), 4.2 (95% CI 1.4–13.5), and 2.9 (95% CI 1.1–8.3), respectively. Five patients had non-PE-related deaths within 30 days. Conclusion The incidence of SAE within days of PE was significant in our cohort. Those with RVD had an increased risk of nonmortality SAE.
The best physics humour ever

Three months ago I asked readers of Physics World to contribute samples of new physics jokes, fresh forms of physics wit, or cases of "found humour" in physics (see "So you think physics is funny?" September 2003 p19). I received about 200 replies, including jokes in several languages, stories, Photoshop creations, video clips and links to science cartoon databases.
Outsourcing Accountability: States, International Organizations and Accountability Deficit in International Law

The paper critically examines why states act through international organization and how state behavior contributes to accountability deficit in international law. After highlighting the regulatory gap, the paper reflects on a range of normative and institutional possibilities to address the gap.
Discussions about clinical trials among patients with lung and colorectal cancer.

6509 Background: Clinical trials are essential for evaluating new cancer therapies, but less than 5% of adults with cancer enroll in trials. Barriers to enrollment may include patient-provider communication factors, such as lack of patient awareness or understanding about the option of participation. Methods: We surveyed a population- and practice-based sample of patients (or their surrogates) 3 to 6 months after diagnoses of lung or colorectal cancer. We assessed whether respondents learned that clinical trial participation might be an option, and if so, with whom they first discussed this possibility. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association of patient characteristics with clinical trial discussions and enrollment. Results: Of 7,887 respondents, 1,114 (14.1%) reported discussing clinical trial participation. Most (92.7% of participants, 75.8% of nonparticipants) learned about trials from their physicians. 287 patients (3.6% of all patients, 25.8% of trial discussants) enrolled...
Mad2 Overexpression Uncovers a Critical Role for TRIP13 in Mitotic Exit.

The mitotic checkpoint ensures proper segregation of chromosomes by delaying anaphase until all kinetochores are bound to microtubules. This inhibitory signal is composed of a complex containing Mad2, which inhibits anaphase progression. The complex can be disassembled by p31comet and TRIP13; however, TRIP13 knockdown has been shown to cause only a mild mitotic delay. Overexpression of checkpoint genes, as well as TRIP13, is correlated with chromosomal instability (CIN) in cancer, but the initial effects of Mad2 overexpression are prolonged mitosis and decreased proliferation. Here, we show that TRIP13 overexpression significantly reduced, and TRIP13 reduction significantly exacerbated, the mitotic delay associated with Mad2 overexpression, but not that induced by microtubule depolymerization. The combination of Mad2 overexpression and TRIP13 loss reduced the ability of checkpoint complexes to disassemble and significantly inhibited the proliferation of cells in culture and tumor xenografts. These results identify an unexpected dependency on TRIP13 in cells overexpressing Mad2.
Trauma Exposure: Consequences to Maternal and Offspring Stress Systems

Trauma exposure is a common experience for childbearing-age women: among women over age 18 in the USA, one in three has experienced intimate partner violence, and more than 40% has experienced sexual violence during their lifetime (Breiding et al. 2014; Tjaden and Thoennes, 2000). In this chapter, we discuss associations between traumatic experiences and physiological stress system functioning among adults, with particular emphasis on the experiences of mothers and their young children. We focus on abnormalities of two interdependent physiological systems that orchestrate the stress response: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system. Dysfunction in these systems has been implicated in the development of multiple physical and psychological problems (Shonkoff et al. 2009). Importantly, stress system alterations may help explain the negative outcomes observed among children of trauma-exposed women or the intergenerational transmission of trauma. First, stress system dysfunction is likely to permeate functioning across a range of functional domains, including parenting (Leerkes et al. 2015), shaping children’s development. Second, dysregulation of stress responses can directly affect fetal development during gestation, when maternal and fetal biology are intrinsically connected, leading to increased risk for physical and psychological disease (Talge et al. 2007). Stress response alterations may be fruitful targets of interventions that seek to address the needs of trauma-exposed mothers and promote better outcomes for their offspring.
Introducing university laboratory tools into K-12 classrooms: Benefits and challenges

High-level university technology can enhance student learning with hands-on experience, but the complexity of these tools can also create challenges for users. This study investigates the benefits and challenges of laboratory tools in high school settings through the lens of a project-based learning model. Participants in the investigation are stakeholders in a university outreach program known as AQ-IQ, which is built around teaching rural high school students how to use low-cost air quality monitors. In the fourth year of the AQ-IQ program, two of the major goals were to improve the reliability of the monitor data collection and to make the data analysis more accessible for K-12 students and teachers. This study found that benefits of high school students using university technology included increased excitement and student engagement due to the hands-on and real-world nature of the technology. Two of the challenges in using the technology included power supply issues and users not following operation instructions regarding how to warm up the monitors at the beginning of their experiments. Recent improvements to the monitor and data analysis tools succeeded in reducing data losses and making it easier for students and teachers to view and interpret their results. We have found that making continual efforts to improve technology based on user feedback and ensuring that resources are adequate to address user challenges increases the success of integration of university tools into high school classrooms.
IRF2BP2-RARA t(1;17)(q42.3;q21.2) APL blasts differentiate in response to all-trans retinoic acid.

To date 11 variant translocations have been characterized in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), all of which share the same C-terminal domains of RARA as in t(15;17)(q24;q21) PML-RARA [1]. The N-t...
Electric field applications on dried key lime juice quality with regression modeling

Key lime (Citrus aurantifolia L.) is an important source of juice and vitamins. A continuous nonthermal juice pasteurizer (CNTJP) using electric field with alternating current was designed and constructed. The effect of electric field was investigated on dried (black) lime juice using voltage gradients (X₁) of 24–88 V/cm and mass flow rates (X₂) of 12–50 kg/hr. The treated juice was evaluated for physicochemical properties, phytochemical compounds with antioxidant capacity, and microbial quality. The results showed that there were no significant effects (p > .05) between CNTJP treatment and both the thermal treatment and the control sample regarding the total soluble solids and pH values. However, the titration acidity value of dried juices in thermal treatment was significantly higher (p < .05) compared to the control and CNTJP samples. There was a significant difference (p < .05) between CNTJP samples and both the control and the thermal treatment samples regarding the total phenolic content, ascorbic acid content, and antioxidant activity (1,1‐diphenyl 2‐picrylhydrazyl). Also, the results showed that coliform bacteria, yeast, and mold were not capable of growing in control samples (fresh juice) or all samples treated by CNTJP treatments or thermal treatments. However, the total viable count of CNTJP samples varied between 1.93 and 4.79 (Log10 CFU/mL), whereas the total viable counts of the control sample and thermal treatment were 5.99 and 3.82 (Log10 CFU/mL), respectively. At the optimum conditions of mass flow rate of 28.24 kg/hr and voltage gradient of 82.38 V/cm, the highest electrical conductivity was 0.65 S/m. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nonthermal, high‐throughput pasteurization systems are highly desirable as alternatives to overcome the negative effects of thermal pasteurization. Electric field (EF) is one potential alternative technology. Although this study did not focus on effectiveness of log reduction of pathogens, EF resulted in fewer pathogenic indicators than nontreated dried lime juice. Electric field did demonstration superiority over thermal pasteurization for maintaining total phenolic content, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant activity in dried lime juice. Maximizing healthy characteristics of fruit juice during pasteurization can lead to a product with a higher retail value than traditional thermal processing. This potential higher economic value for EF‐treated juice could offset implementation and processing costs. The EF system described in this study can be readily scaled up by having parallel lines of size similar to this study or by increasing the tubing and electrode sizes or both.
Ocean thermal energy conversion and open ocean mariculture: The prospect of Mainland-Taiwan collaborative research and development

Abstract Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is an energy generation technology that uses cold deep ocean water (DOW) and warm surface water to produce electricity. Active development of OTEC was started in the 1970s with Hawaii as a major research and development center. In the following several decades, small pilot-scale closed-cycle and open-cycle OTEC plants were successfully designed, constructed, and tested. An open-cycle OTEC plant produces both electricity and freshwater. Besides its low temperature, DOW is also nutrient-rich and free from pathogenic bacteria. DOW-enhanced open ocean mariculture can significantly increase the world fish catch and induce an air to water transfer of greenhouse gas CO2. Therefore, an integrated development of DOW as a natural resource is the center of a “blue revolution” that has the potential to solve four of the most urgent world problems: energy, freshwater, food, and global warming. This paper will review technological development of OTEC and open ocean mariculture, followed by a discussion of the prospect of Mainland-Taiwan research collaboration on the technological development and application of DOW resources.