cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Sheffield portrait types, their Catholic purposes, and Mary Queen of Scots’s tomb

The tomb of Mary Queen of Scots is widely recognized as one of the most important visual symbols of dynastic power that can still be viewed in Britain today. Although art historians had originally regarded the strongly Catholic depiction of Mary in captivity, the so-called Sheffield portrait, as the model for the effigy, for more than a century the consensus is that it was based on one of Nicholas Hilliard’s miniature portraits. In this essay a study of the images as well as related documents in the exchequer and Hardwick Hall accounts reestablishes that the Sheffield type was indeed the specific model for the tomb. This does more than simply settle a long-standing question. It also opens the way for an exploration of the content of this most popular portrait of Mary, which was fraught with significance not only for King James VI, Mary’s son, but also the crypto-Catholic nobleman Henry Howard, first earl of Northampton, who was in charge of the tomb’s completion.
Effects of freezing and incubation on biliary lipid analysis.

A number of physical factors may affect the relative concentrations of the biliary lipids found in human bile. These factors include stasis, temperature, oral antibiotics, and the presence of bacteria (1). The methods used for handling and storing bile which has been collected for analysis vary considerably from one report to another. These methods include immediate analysis (2), millipore filtration (3), refrigeration (4), slow or quick freezing with analysis at a later date (5-7), and incubation in a 37° shaking water bath (8). The literature does not contain clear data as to what alterations, if any, are brought about by these various physical manipulations.Methods. The gallbladders of eight patients without gallstones were completely aspirated through a 20-gauge needle after temporary occlusion of the cystic duct. All patients had normal gallbladder function and were undergoing elective surgery. No patient received antibiotics. The bile was obtained within 45 min following the induction of anesthesia ...
Regulation of persistent infections with human coronavirus OC43.

Cells cultured from human tumors of neural origin offer an easily accessible avenue to the study of the neurotropism of OC43 virus in human cells. Using a tissue culture adapted strain of OC43 virus a comparative study of the replication and persistence of OC43 virus in two cell lines was undertaken. U87-MG cells of glioblastoma origin which were relatively insusceptible to infection (yield at 24 hrs = 1 pfu per cell) and RD cells of rhabdomyosarcoma origin which were susceptible to infection (yield at 24 hrs = 30 pfu per cell) were studied. The purpose of this study was to establish persistent infections in these cells, observe how virus replication is regulated and to cure the cells of the infection.
To Improve the Joint Education and Promote Internationalization of High Education --The Practice and Reflections of the Joint Education Program by Ningbo University

International exchange and cooperation is a main channel for the internationalization of high education. Today, it has become an urgent issue facing the high education institution on how to improve the joint education, expand and deepen international exchange and cooperation so as to promote the internationalization of high education. Based on the practice of the joint education being undertaken by International College of Ningbo University, this thesis tries to have an exploration of the characteristics of the joint education program, quality management, course arrangement, and degree equivalence.
The Brophy Case: The Use of Artificial Hydration and Nutrition

Case Study:Paul Brophy, a 48-year old fireman living in Boston, married to Patricia Brophy for 27 years, suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage as a result of a ruptured basilar tip aneurysm on March 2...
Reaction of antibodies that cause paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) with globoside and Forssman glycosphingolipids

Many antibodies that cause paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (Donath-Landsteiner antibodies) appear to be directed against the blood group P antigen. We recently identified this antigen as the glycosphingolipid globoside GalNAc(β, 1-3)Gal(α, 1-4)Gal(β,1-4)Glc-Cer, and we examined the reaction of four Donath-Landsteiner antibodies with anti-P specificity, and an anti-P acid autoagglutinin, with globoside and Forssman glycolipids. Forssman glycolipid, GalNAc(α, 1-3) GalNAc(β, 1-3)Gal(α, 1-4)Gal(β,1-4)Glc-Cer, contains the globoside structure plus an additional terminal nonreducing α-GalNAc residue. All five antibodies were inhibited effectively by globoside. Two of the Donath-Landsteiner antibodies were inhibited much more effectively by globoside than Forssman glycolipid, and the other two antibodies were inhibited more effectively by Forssman glycolipid. The two glycolipids were approximately equally effective in inhibiting the acid anti-P agglutinin. We suggest that the populations of antibodies that react with both glycolipids are directed against an aspect of the globoside structure that is accessible in the Forssman compound, whereas the antibodies that react best with globoside are probably directed against the terminal β-GalNAc residue of this glycolipid. Some human “anti-P“ antibodies are probably elicited by immunization against Forssman antigens that are widespread in animal tissues and in microorganisms.
Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice: Protection with the Mitochondrial Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Topiramate

All forms of diabetes mellitus are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting in the development of a number of microvascular and macrovascular pathologies. Diabetes is also associated with changes in brain microvasculature, leading to dysfunction and ultimately disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These changes are correlated with a decline in cognitive function. In diabetes, BBB damage is associated with increased oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. This occurs because of the increased oxidative metabolism of glucose caused by hyperglycemia. Decreasing the production of bicarbonate with the use of a mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (mCAi) limits oxidative metabolism and the production of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we have demonstrated that 1) streptozotocin-induced diabetes resulted in BBB disruption, 2) ultrastructural studies showed a breakdown of the BBB and changes to the neurovascular unit (NVU), including a loss of brain pericytes and retraction of astrocytes, the two cell types that maintain the BBB, and 3) treatment with topiramate, a mCAi, attenuated the effects of diabetes on BBB disruption and ultrastructural changes in the neurovascular unit.
Zero dark leakage current single-walled carbon nanotube diodes

We describe measurements of diode leakage currents in p-n and p-i-n diodes formed along individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the ranges well below the direct detection limit. When cooled, these diodes exhibit leakage currents down in the range of 10−25 A or equivalent to 1 electron/19 days. To verify our measurement of such low leakage currents, we use the photovoltaic property under varying temperatures to extract the dark diode leakage currents. Since nanotubes are sensitive in the near IR spectrum, these diodes show promise as zero dark current noise, near-infrared detectors.
Autophagy and Ageing

Autophagy is a conserved cellular recycling process that plays critical roles in development, disease, and ageing. During autophagy, cytosolic components are sequestered in double-membrane vesicles that ultimately fuse with lysosomes, where the cargo is degraded and recycled. Intriguingly, genetic and pharmacological experiments in C. elegans have shown that all of the longevity paradigms analysed to date, ranging from reduced insulin/IGF-1 signalling to spermidine supplementation, require autophagy genes for lifespan extension. Moreover, many of the long-lived animals show changes in steady-state levels of autophagy markers and/or display increased transcription of autophagy-related and lysosomal genes via conserved transcription factors such as HLH-30/TFEB. These observations are consistent with the notion that increased autophagy is critical for lifespan extension in C. elegans. Similar genetic links have been reported in other organisms, including flies and mice, where overexpression of certain autophagy-related genes is sufficient to extend lifespan. Although clearance of lipids (lipophagy) and mitochondria (mitophagy) have been proposed as selective types of autophagy with relevance to C. elegans ageing, it is still unclear how long-lived animals may induce autophagy to improve their overall healthspan, or how autophagy is regulated in different tissues during normal ageing. Understanding these mechanisms will be critical for targeting autophagy in higher organisms. This chapter summarizes our current knowledge of the links between autophagy and ageing in C. elegans.
Pathophysiology of Central Nervpis System Trauma: Proteolytic Mechanisms and Related Therapeutic Approaches

Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) [e.g., spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI)] is one of the main health problems in the United States as well as in the world. CNS injury is also a major killer in the United States. The majority of these injuries are caused by automobile accidents, assaults, guns, falls, sports, and other traumatic events. The extent of the loss of neurological function depends upon the severity of injury. Primary injury to the CNS causes vascular change beginning at the mechanical impact and followed by secondary pathophysiological processes. These processes eventually lead to cell demise and tissue destruction which may be devastating. The secondary injury process develops over a period of hours or days after the primary injury, i.e. initial impact to the spinal cord or brain. It is associated with synthesis or release of mediating neurochemicals which alter blood flow, ion homeostasis, and metabolism and which may also be neurodestructive agents in CNS trauma. Although the full extent and interplay of mechanisms that underlie CNS injuries are yet unknown, several factors have been implicated in the secondary injury cascade. Employing impact or compression injury models in spinal cord and the controlled cortical contusion injury model in brain, investigators have identified a number of pivotal factors, including free radicals, Ca2+ influx, proteinases and lipases, glutamate, cytokines and other mediators in the progression of secondary injury in CNS trauma1-4. The identification of these destructive agents and the timing of their pathological actions are important steps in advancing research upon CNS trauma and will ultimately lead to strategies for the treatment of CNS injury.
Interacting Topological Crystalline Insulators

We study the effect of electron interactions in topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) protected by mirror symmetry, which are realized in the SnTe material class and theorized in antiperovskite materials \(A_3BX\) with \(A=\) (Sr, La, Ca), \(B=\) (Sn, Pb) and \(X=\) (O, N, C). They host multivalley Dirac fermion surface states. Without interactions, such TCIs are classified by the mirror Chern number both for two and three dimensions. We find that electron interactions reduce the integer classification of noninteracting TCIs to a finite group \(\mathbb {Z}_4\) in two dimensions and \(\mathbb {Z}_8\) in three dimensions. The classification of the two-dimensional case is obtained by analyzing the one-dimensional edge modes using the bosonization method. For the classification of the three-dimensional case, the argument exploits the nonlocal nature of mirror symmetry and an explicit construction of surface states shows a reduction of the classification. Our construction builds on interacting edge states of \(U(1)\times Z_2\) symmetry-protected topological phases of fermions in two dimensions, which we classify. It reveals a deep connection between 3D topological phases protected by spatial symmetries and 2D topological phases protected by internal symmetries.
Contact dermatitis considerations in atopic dermatitis

Complex immunologic pathways, influenced by both genetic and environment triggers, contribute to the development of atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Suppressing mechanisms between the Th1-driven allergic contact dermatitis and the Th2-driven atopic dermatitis conditions were thought to reduce the simultaneous expression of both; however, recent evidence indicates that pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis are likely to develop clinically relevant positive patch tests and more likely to react to specific allergens, such as lanolin. We review the potential role of skin barrier defects, such as filaggrin mutations and impaired barrier function, including aberrancies in epidermal pH buffering capabilities, which may promote bacterial biofilms and create an environment favoring sensitization.
Methods for studying the metabolic basis of Drosophila development

The field of metabolic research has experienced an unexpected renaissance. While this renewed interest in metabolism largely originated in response to the global increase in diabetes and obesity, studies of metabolic regulation now represent the frontier of many biomedical fields. This trend is especially apparent in developmental biology, where metabolism influences processes ranging from stem cell differentiation and tissue growth to sexual maturation and reproduction. In this regard, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful tool for dissecting conserved mechanisms that underlie developmental metabolism, often with a level of detail that is simply not possible in other animals. Here we describe why the fly is an ideal system for exploring the relationship between metabolism and development, and outline a basic experimental strategy for conducting these studies. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e280. doi: 10.1002/wdev.280 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Event-triggered active-passive dynamic consensus filters

Multiagent systems consist of groups of agents that exchange local information to achieve given system-level goals. Traditionally, these systems assumed that all agents have some knowledge (e.g., observations of a process of interest) to contribute in order to achieve a common goal of interest, which may not be the case in many scenarios. Motivated from this standpoint, a new class of multiagent systems, active-passive multiagent systems, were recently proposed, which consists of agents subject to observations of a process of interest (i.e., active agents) and agents without any observations (i.e., passive agents). However, in this class of multiagent systems, agents need to continuously exchange information among themselves, incurring a high cost of interagent information exchange, and requiring that agents synchronize their update times. To address these shortcomings, this paper presents a new class of event-triggered active-passive dynamic consensus filters, in which agents schedule information exchange dependent on errors exceeding user-defined thresholds, significantly reducing the overall cost of interagent information exchange, and allowing agents to determine when to broadcast their information to their neighbors thus eliminating the need to synchronize their states. An illustrative numerical example is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
High-Resolution Graphene Films for Electrochemical Sensing via Inkjet Maskless Lithography

Solution-phase printing of nanomaterial-based graphene inks are rapidly gaining interest for fabrication of flexible electronics. However, scalable manufacturing techniques for high-resolution printed graphene circuits are still lacking. Here, we report a patterning technique [i.e., inkjet maskless lithography (IML)] to form high-resolution, flexible, graphene films (line widths down to 20 μm) that significantly exceed the current inkjet printing resolution of graphene (line widths ∼60 μm). IML uses an inkjet printed polymer lacquer as a sacrificial pattern, viscous spin-coated graphene, and a subsequent graphene lift-off to pattern films without the need for prefabricated stencils, templates, or cleanroom technology (e.g., photolithography). Laser annealing is employed to increase conductivity on thermally sensitive, flexible substrates [polyethylene terephthalate (PET)]. Laser annealing and subsequent platinum nanoparticle deposition substantially increases the electroactive nature of graphene as illust...
Contrived Making Do As Rhetorical Practice in Outdoor Recreation

Descriptors like “hideous,” “the worst,” “terrible,” and “thrashed” are not the words that most people want to associated with their “usual.” For many outdoor recreators, though, these are things that they learn to live with. But why? Why do they continue to engage in practices that produce these results? I argue that such activities constitute what I call contrived making do and that they function as rhetorical practices that construct identities and parts of the outdoor recreation subculture in three ways: controlling the controllable, walking the edge, and reframing the experience. Contrived making do refers to creating or seeking out situations that necessitate getting by in a physical and/or cultural sense, implying both difficult circumstances and the creativity and wherewithal to figure out improvised solutions. Making do, in this context, depends on privilege, risk—the willingness to take normalized risks and framing risk in culturally expected ways—and voluntarily surrendering some control. This analysis adds nuance and richness to Michel de Certeau’s concept of making do. Whereas de Certeau conceptualized making do as a coping mechanism for marginalized groups, my project illuminates the role that risk plays in making do by showing how a comparatively privileged group of people seek out such experiences. In doing so, this study builds on environmental communication scholarship about risk by demonstrating that mere carelessness may not be the only source of injuries in national parks.
A Structural and Functional Role for Disulfide Bonds in a Class II Hydrophobin.

Hydrophobins are multifunctional, highly surface active proteins produced in filamentous fungi and can be identified by eight conserved cysteine residues, which form four disulfide bridges. These proteins can be subdivided into two classes based on their hydropathy profiles, solubility, and structures formed upon interfacial assembly. Here, we probe the structural and functional roles of disulfide bonds for a class II hydrophobin in different interfacial contexts by reducing its disulfides with 1,4-dithiothreitol and blocking the free thiols with iodoacetamide and then examining the protein secondary structure, emulsification capability, hydrophobic surface wetting, and solution self-assembly. Changes in circular dichroism spectra upon reduction and blocking of disulfides are consistent with an increase in the level of random coil secondary structure. Emulsification of octane in water using reduced and unreduced forms of class II hydrophobin showed a substantial loss of emulsification ability without disu...
Pulmonary Catherization Data Correlate Poorly with Renal Function in Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND The mechanisms of renal dysfunction in heart failure are poorly understood. We chose to explore the relationship of cardiac filling pressures and cardiac index (CI) in relation to renal dysfunction in advanced heart failure. OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between renal function and cardiac filling pressures using the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) pulmonary artery catherization registry. METHODS Patients over the age of 18 years who were listed for single-organ heart transplantation were included. Exclusion criteria included a history of mechanical circulatory support, previous transplantation, any use of renal replacement therapy, prior history of malignancy, and cardiac surgery, amongst others. Correlations between serum creatinine (SCr) and CI, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) were assessed by Pearson correlation coefficients and simple linear regression coefficients. RESULTS Pearson correlation coefficients between SCr and PCWP, PASP, and PADP were near zero with values of 0.1, 0.07, and 0.08, respectively (p < 0.0001). A weak negative correlation coefficient between SCr and CI was found (correlation coefficient, -0.045, p = 0.027). In a subgroup of young patients unlikely to have noncardiac etiologies, no significant correlations between these values were identified. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, as assessed by pulmonary artery catherization, none of the factors - PCWP, PASP, PADP, or CI - play a prominent role in cardiorenal syndromes.
Multispectral Live-Cell Imaging

Fluorescent proteins and vital dyes are invaluable tools for studying dynamic processes within living cells. However, the ability to distinguish more than a few different fluorescent reporters in a single sample is limited by the spectral overlap of available fluorophores. Here, we present a protocol for imaging live cells labeled with six fluorophores simultaneously. A confocal microscope with a spectral detector is used to acquire images, and linear unmixing algorithms are applied to identify the fluorophores present in each pixel of the image. We describe the application of this method to visualize the dynamics of six different organelles, and to quantify the contacts between organelles. However, this method can be used to image any molecule amenable to tagging with a fluorescent probe. Thus, multispectral live-cell imaging is a powerful tool for systems-level analysis of cellular organization and dynamics. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Affinity chromatography to remove viruses during preparation of plasma derivatives

The use of affinity chromatography methods to purify proteins from complex solutions is well established. The specific use of immuno-affinity chromatography, wherein antibody directed toward a target protein is utilized, has proven to be a particularly effective purification method. Application of immuno-affinity chromatography methods for the isolation of plasma derivatives has now been established and the purity of such products has been truly remarkable. Studies conducted by Baxter have compared the effect of immuno-affinity chromatography on the separation of plasma protein contaminants and model viruses from Factor VIII:C. The results of these studies have indicated that plasma protein contaminant (eg. fibrinogen) reduction during the process of Factor VIII:C immuno-affinity chromatography occurs more gradually than does virus reduction. By using residual plasma protein contamination in Factor VIII:C preparations, the general effectiveness of the immuno-affinity chromatography step in removing virus can be routinely evaluated. Determinations made by Baxter have indicated that greater than 4 logs of reduction in protein contamination is routinely achieved during Factor VIII:C immuno-affinity chromatography at manufacturing scale. Bench scale studies have confirmed this result as well as showing the reduction of model viruses. While the viral safety of plasma derivatives is dependent on the overall manufacturing process, it is clear that immuno-affinity chromatography offers a powerful means of reducing product contamination and enhancing safety.
Psychological Interventions for Chronic Pain

Recurrent and chronic pain conditions such as headaches, abdominal pain, back pain or other musculoskeletal pains, are common problems encountered in pediatric primary care settings. Primary care physicians are well aware that psychological stress, family context, and lifestyle factors can have a strong infl uence on pain symptoms and children's ability to cope with pain. In these situations behavioral pain management interventions are a very useful complement to usual medical care. This chapter introduces empirically supported treatments for chronic pediatric pain, including biofeedback training and pain coping skills training with parental guidance in behavior management techniques. Other clinically relevant approaches such as family intervention, school consultation, and assessing the need for more intensive psychiatric care are also discussed. Behavioral principles discussed in this chapter are implemented most successfully when the entire health care team provides a consistent message that promotes active and adaptive coping by patients and their families.
Abstract 19356: Pulmonary Valve Replacement Can be Delayed in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Patients with Preserved RVEF

BACKGROUND Surgical pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) is common in repaired Tetrology of Fallot. PVR is indicated for right ventricle (RV) remodeling. Previous studies have found that RV size normalization is rare in larger RVs that exceed RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) 160 mL/m2. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted in patients > 18 years who had PVR at our institution from 2000-2011. Demographic and clinical data, pre and post-operative MRI, and ECG, were collected. RESULTS 19 patients were included. Average age was 24.9 years (range 18-44y). Average age at PVR was 20.3 years (range 12-40y). Only 2 patients had a pre-operative RVEDV 160 mL/m2, with three >190 mL/m2. Table 1 shows, overall RV volume and function improved significantly following PVR while QRS duration remained unchanged by paired t-test. CONCLUSION In contrast to prior studies, delaying PVR in patients with preserved RVEF may be a reasonable management strategy. Our findings suggest that in patients with preserved RVEF, PVR can be delayed until the RVEDV reaches 190mL/m2. In patients with preserved RVEF, PVR with RVEDV
Characteristics of Nonpulmonary Organ Dysfunction at Onset of ARDS Based on the Berlin Definition

BACKGROUND: The Berlin definition of ARDS does not account for nonpulmonary organ failure, which is a major determinant of outcome. We examined whether an increasing severity of hypoxemia across the Berlin definition classifications also corresponded with evidence of multiple organ dysfunction on the day of ARDS onset. We also examined the representation of major etiologies for ARDS across the Berlin definition classifications. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective study examined 15 years of data from a quality assurance program that monitored the use of lung-protective ventilation in ARDS. We analyzed 1,747 subjects without chronic kidney disease or severe chronic liver disease at ARDS onset. The most abnormal laboratory values at ARDS onset were analyzed as cutoff values to assess organ dysfunction. Data were analyzed by using non-parametric analysis of variance (Kruskall-Wallis test) and the Dunn post test. Categorical variables were compared by using the Fisher exact test. Alpha was set at 0.05. Factors independently associated with mortality were assessed by multivariate logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: Nonpulmonary organ dysfunction was present in at least 1 system at ARDS onset that increased with severity: 80% (mild), 83% (moderate), and 90% (severe). ARDS etiologies varied as severity increased: trauma-associated lung injury steadily decreased, whereas lung injury associated with aspiration and pneumonia steadily increased. Hospital mortality also increased significantly with the Berlin definition classifications: mild (22%), moderate (30%), and severe (47%). Multivariate logistic regression modeling revealed that the Berlin definition of severe ARDS was independently associated with mortality, as were cutoff values for renal and hepatic function as well as acidemia. Normal hematologic function and the absence of standard exclusion criteria used for therapeutic clinical trials in ARDS were protective. CONCLUSIONS: Nonpulmonary organ dysfunction was present at ARDS onset in most subjects and was more pronounced as ARDS severity increased. The Berlin definition classification of ARDS provided an elegant scheme for studying the syndrome because it coincided with increasing multiple organ dysfunction.
The effect of intensified illuminance and artificial light at night on fitness and susceptibility to abiotic and biotic stressors

Abstract: Changing light conditions due to human activities represents an important emerging environmental concern. Although changes to natural light conditions can be independently detrimental, in nature, organisms commonly face multiple stressors. To understand the consequences of altered light conditions, we exposed a model amphibian (wood frog; Lithobates sylvaticus) to a control and two anthropogenic light conditions: intensified daytime illuminance and artificial light at night - ALAN (intensified daytime illuminance + extended photoperiod). We measured (1) metrics of fitness (hatching success as well as survival to, size at, and time to metamorphosis) (2) susceptibility (time to death) to a commonly co-occurring anthropogenic stressor, road salt (NaCl) and (3) susceptibility (infection load) to a common parasite (trematode). We also explored behavioral (swimming activity) and physiological (baseline corticosterone (CORT) release rates) changes induced by these light conditions, which may mediate changes in the other measured parameters. We found that both intensified daytime illuminance and ALAN reduced hatching success. In contrast, for amphibians that successfully hatched, neither treatment affected amphibian survival or time to metamorphosis but individuals exposed to ALAN were larger at metamorphosis. The light treatments also had marginal effects; individuals in ALAN treatments were more susceptible to NaCl and trematodes. Finally, tadpoles exposed to ALAN moved significantly less than tadpoles in the control and intensified daytime illuminance treatments, while light had no effect on CORT release rate. Overall, changes in light conditions, in particular ALAN, significantly impacted an amphibian model in laboratory conditions. This work underscores the importance of considering not only the direct effects of light on fitness metrics but also the indirect effects of light with other abiotic and biotic stressors. Anthropogenic-induced changes to light conditions are expected to continue increasing over time so understanding the diverse consequences of shifting light conditions will be paramount to protecting wildlife populations.
The Role of Managerial Ability in Classification Shifting Using Discontinued Operations

Abstract Prior research suggests that managers engage in classification shifting using discontinued operations as an earnings management tool. The authors investigate the role of managerial ability in this type of classification shifting because prior research links high ability managers to reduced levels of earnings management. Using a large sample from 1988 to 2014, the authors find that more-able managers better mitigate the extent of classification shifting using discontinued operations. The authors also find that our results are mainly driven by firms with income-decreasing discontinued operations.
Populating and Maintaining the Route Table

Populating and maintaining the Route Table (and Route Cache) is one of the most critical activities a network engineer performs. Static Routes are one way to populate the table, but Static Routes do not change as the network changes. At first this does not seem like a problem, but even medium–size networks can be too complex to maintain with Static Routes.
A ética do silêncio racial no contexto urbano: políticas públicas e desigualdade social no Recife, 1900-1940

RESUMO Mais de meio seculo apos o preconceito racial ter se tornado o principal alvo dos movimentos urbanos pelos direitos civis nos Estados Unidos e na Africa do Sul, e decadas depois do surgimento dos movimentos negros contemporâneos no Brasil, o conjunto de ferramentas legislativas criado no Brasil para promover o direito a cidade ainda adere a longa tradicao brasileira de silencio acerca da questao racial. Este artigo propoe iniciar uma exploracao das raizes historicas desse fenomeno, remontando ao surgimento do silencio sobre a questao racial na politica urbana do Recife, Brasil, durante a primeira metade do seculo XX. O Recife foi e e um exemplo paradigmatico do processo pelo qual uma cidade amplamente marcada por tracos negros e africanos chegou a ser definida politica e legalmente como um espaco pobre, subdesenvolvido e racialmente neutro, onde as desigualdades sociais originaram na exclusao capitalista, e nao na escravidao e nas ideologias do racismo cientifico. Neste sentido, Recife lanca luzes sobre a politica urbana que se gerou sob a sombra do silencio racial.
Model Learning for Control of a Paralyzed Human Arm with Functional Electrical Stimulation

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a promising technique for restoring reaching ability to individuals with tetraplegia. To this point, the complexities of goal-directed reaching motions and the shoulder-arm complex have prevented the realization of this potential in full-arm 3D reaching tasks. We trained a Gaussian process regression model to form the basis of a feedforward-feedback control structure capable of achieving reaching motions with a paralyzed upper limb. Over a series of 95 reaches of at least 10 cm in length, the controller achieved an average accuracy (measured by the Euclidean distance of the wrist to the final target position) of 3.8 cm and an average error along the path of 3.5 cm. This controller is the first demonstration of an accurate, complete-arm, FES-driven 3D reaching controller to be implemented with an individual with tetraplegia.
Objective Measures of Stroboscopy and High-Speed Video

Videostroboscopy and high-speed imaging is now an accepted way to evaluate laryngeal function in patients with voice disorders. In patients with neurolaryngological diseases such as tremor, laryngeal spasm, and paralysis, having an objective way to evaluate vocal function is desirable. Using digital imaging and analysis, both the videostroboscopy and the high-speed video can be analyzed to obtain relevant measures of vocal function. From the videostroboscopy, the montage of the glottal cycle derived from steady of vocal vibration can be analyzed by using edge tracking software to obtain the glottal area waveform. The waveform is an indication of the efficiency of the vocal folds in acting as an oscillator and gives direct information as to the open and closed phase, the symmetry of vocal fold vibration and the degree of amplitude contribution from each fold. High-speed video overcomes the deficiencies of stroboscopy by allowing for all voice gestures to be studies. Using digital kymography and analysis of the vibrogram, analysis of the onset of vocal fold oscillation, evaluation of diplophonia, tremor, and voice breaks becomes possible. Furthermore, analysis of the high-speed video kymograph tracing using signal analysis allow the investigator to evaluate the frequency and power relationships of vocal fold vibratory function in the normal and disordered state.
Extended Fabrication-Aware Convolution Learning Framework for Predicting 3D Shape Deformation in Additive Manufacturing

Geometric accuracy control is critical for precision additive manufacturing (AM). To learn and predict the shape deformation from a limited number of training products, a fabrication-aware convolution learning framework has been developed in our previous work to describe the layer-by-layer fabrication process. This work extends the convolution learning framework to broader categories of 3D geometries by constructively incorporating spherical and polyhedral shapes into a unified model. It is achieved by extending 2D cookie-cutter modeling approach to 3D case and by modeling spatial correlations. Methodologies demonstrated with real case studies show the promise of prescriptive modeling and control of complicated shape quality in AM.
TU-AB-BRD-02: Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

Current quality assurance and quality management guidelines provided by various professional organizations are prescriptive in nature, focusing principally on performance characteristics of planning and delivery devices. However, published analyses of events in radiation therapy show that most events are often caused by flaws in clinical processes rather than by device failures. This suggests the need for the development of a quality management program that is based on integrated approaches to process and equipment quality assurance. Industrial engineers have developed various risk assessment tools that are used to identify and eliminate potential failures from a system or a process before a failure impacts a customer. These tools include, but are not limited to, process mapping, failure modes and effects analysis, fault tree analysis. Task Group 100 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine has developed these tools and used them to formulate an example risk-based quality management program for intensity-modulated radiotherapy. This is a prospective risk assessment approach that analyzes potential error pathways inherent in a clinical process and then ranks them according to relative risk, typically before implementation, followed by the design of a new process or modification of the existing process. Appropriate controls are then put in place to ensure that failures are less likely to occur and, if they do, they will more likely be detected before they propagate through the process, compromising treatment outcome and causing harm to the patient. Such a prospective approach forms the basis of the work of Task Group 100 that has recently been approved by the AAPM. This session will be devoted to a discussion of these tools and practical examples of how these tools can be used in a given radiotherapy clinic to develop a risk based quality management program. Learning Objectives: 1. Learn how to design a process map for a radiotherapy process 2. Learn how to perform failure modes and effects analysis analysis for a given process 3. Learn what fault trees are all about 4. Learn how to design a quality management program based upon the information obtained from process mapping, failure modes and effects analysis and fault tree analysis. Dunscombe: Director, TreatSafely, LLC and Center for the Assessment of Radiological Sciences; Consultant to IAEA and Varian Thomadsen: President, Center for the Assessment of Radiological Sciences Palta: Vice President of the Center for the Assessment of Radiological Sciences
Fluctuation-Induced Diamagnetism in Bulk Al and Al Alloys above the Superconducting Transition Temperature

Fluctuations in the superconducting order parameter are supposed to lead to a precursor diamagnetic response at temperatures well above the transition temperature T. We have measured this effect in Al and some dilute Al alloys, a case which provides unique advantages for testing the predictions of current theories. We have also checked a recent report of results suggesting atypical behavior in Al.
The Presidential Rhetoric of Hard Times

Is there a presidential rhetoric of hard times? We are interested in presidents’ rhetorical reactions during economic contractions. Do they rhetorically react at all? If they choose to speak, what do they seek to convey to the public about the economy? We analyze the major discretionary speeches presidents give during recessions. Some presidents are reluctant to address major economic remarks to the public; in five of the 11 recessions since World War II, presidents have not offered a major economic speech. They do, however, deliver major discretionary speeches on other topics during recessions. While most presidents tend to deliver more major remarks about non-economic subjects during recessions, Reagan is a notable exception. When presidents do choose to direct major remarks on the economy, we search for common characteristics in their rhetoric to examine if this subset of speeches classifies as a genre of rhetoric. We examine three dimensions in the speeches: orientation toward time, the tone of the remarks, and whether or not there is action specified. We found that there is no discernable overall pattern for how presidents orient their rhetoric in time, the speeches are more negative in tone than expected, and while there are a good number of action oriented sentences, the speeches are not uniformly action oriented. Thus, there is not sufficient evidence to suggest there is a uniform presidential rhetoric of hard times.
Laparoscopic pancreatic resection: single-institution experience of 19 patients.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The number of laparoscopic pancreatic resections reported in the surgical literature has been remarkably low. Few substantive data are available concerning current indications and outcomes after laparoscopic pancreatectomy. The purpose of this article is to review the recent indications, complications, and outcomes after laparoscopic pancreatic resection. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of the Mount Sinai hospital records was performed for all patients who underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy or enucleation between the time of the first resection in November 1993 until the time of this study in March 2000. RESULTS: In the 19 patients (6 men) the mean age was 53 years (range 22 to 83 years). In 16 patients (84%) the entire procedure was done by laparoscopy; one operation was converted to a hand-assisted technique; and two cases were converted to open. Median operating time was 4.4 hours (range 1.6 to 6.6 hours), and median intraoperative blood loss was 200 mL. Postoperative complications included three pancreatic leaks (16%), one case of superficial phlebitis, and one prolonged ileus for 7 days (total morbidity of 26%). There were no deaths. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 6 days (range 1 to 26 days). CONCLUSIONS: This represents the largest single-institution experience with laparoscopic pancreatic resection. The considerable morbidity rate is comparable to recently published open series, and is likely inherent in pancreatic surgery, rather than the technical approach. Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery resulted in shorter hospital stays and appears to be safe for benign diseases.
Cystathionine as a Precursor of Methionine in Escherichia coli and Aerobacter aerogenes

Balish, Edward (Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill.), and Stanley K. Shapiro. Cystathionine as a precursor of methionine in Escherichai coli and Aerobacter aerogenes. J. Bacteriol. 92:1331–1336. 1966.—Cystathionine has been shown to be a precursor of methionine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli and Aerobacter aerogenes. A double enzyme assay was developed to show the formation of homocysteine from cystathionine. The results obtained support the concept that cystathionine serves as a precursor of methionine via the intermediate formation of homocysteine. The latter compound is methylated by the homocysteine methyltransferase of these microorganisms. Sulfhydryl and keto acid assays were used to demonstrate cystathionase activity. Methionine represses both homocysteine methyltransferase formation and cystathionase formation. However, the presence of methionine in reaction mixtures resulted in product inhibition of homocysteine methyltransferase activity, but not of cystathionase activity.
Questions Come First: A Review of Make Just One Change: Teach Students to Ask Their Own Questions, by Dan Rothstein and Luz Santana

Educators have long known the power of questioning. Questions help students focus on important ideas, stimulate discussion, and deepen thinking. Typically, teachers have borne the responsibility fo...
Newly recognized congenital myasthenic syndromes: I. Congenital paucity of synaptic vesicles and reduced quantal release. II. High-conductance fast-channel syndrome. III. Abnormal acetylcholine receptor (AChR) interaction with acetylcholine. IV. AChR deficiency and short channel-open time.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the newly recognized congenital myasthenic syndromes—namely, (1) congenital paucity of synaptic vesicles and reduced quantal release, (2) high-conductance fast-channel syndrome, (3) abnormal acetylcholine receptor (AChR) interaction with acetylcholine, and (4) AChR deficiency and short channel-open time. In the congenital myasthenic syndromes, the safety margin of neuromuscular transmission is compromised by one or more specific mechanisms. The recognition and characterization of these diseases requires the combined use of clinical, electromyographic (EMG), in vitro electrophysiological and morphological data. The syndromes that are adequately characterized to date include congenital neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) deficiency. The findings are consistent with a functionally abnormal AChR ion channel because of a mutation in an AChR subunit. Site-directed mutagenesis studies indicate that single amino acid substitutions in any subunit that alter the distribution of negative or positive charges close to the external or cytoplasmic vestibule of the ion channel affect the cation flux through the channel. The high channel conductance is associated with a shorter than normal channel lifetime indicates that the mutation has a dual affect on the kinetic properties of the ion channel.
Predictors of dropout and outcome in cognitive therapy for depression in a private practice setting

The efficacy of cognitive therapy was examined for 70 depressed private practice patients. Although these patients had a broader range of psychopathology than patients in controlled outcome studies of cognitive therapy, they had comparably large reductions in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. Patients who completed treatment had an average reduction in BDI scores of 65.5%. Initial BDI scores, endogenous symptoms, compliance with homework, and the interaction between homework and initial BDI scores were statistically significant predictors of end-of-treatment BDI scores. The squared correlation between the observed end-of-treatment BDI scores and the estimated expected value was .81. Controlling for other factors, patients who did homework improved three times as much as those who did not. The effect of homework was substantially larger for patients with high initial BDI scores; thus, studies that include only patients with high initial BDI scores may overstate the importance of homework on a general population. In spite of significant improvement, 50% of patients terminated treatment prematurely, premature termination was most likely in patients with personality disorders, high initial BDI scores, and no endogeneous symptoms.
Helium in One-Dimensional Nanopores: Free Dispersion, Localization, and Commensurate/Incommensurate Transitions with Nonrigid Orbitals

The single-particle states of helium within a bundle of carbon nanotubes can range from nearly free-particle dispersion to localization, even within a single bundle. At intermediate effective masses, the corrugation in the external potential can be comparable to the intrasite He-He hard-core interaction. This results in a commensurate/incommensurate transition, where the mobility of the doubly occupied domain-wall solitons at high density greatly exceeds the corresponding hole mobility below the transition.
Depressive symptoms: Associations with health perceptions and health behaviors

The association of depressive symptoms with health behaviors and perceptions was determined for 876 patients seeing family physicians. Correlational analyses revealed stress, pain, and overall health status were moderately related to depression for males and females. Smoking was positively related to depressive symptoms in women (r = .19, P < 0.01), and drinking was inversely related to depressive symptoms in men (r = -.16, P < .01). Multiple regression analyses indicated stress, poor health, smoking, and drinking were significant predictors of depressive symptoms in women; stress, poor health, and drinking were significant in men. Health perceptions appear to be better predictors of depressive symptoms than reported health behaviors.