cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prostate Cancer Screening Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: The Health and Retirement Survey, 1996-2008.

INTRODUCTION Among US men, prostate cancer is the leading malignancy diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer death. Disparities in cancer screening rates exist between American Indians/Alaska Natives and other racial/ethnic groups. Our study objectives were to examine prostate screening at 5 time points over a 12-year period among American Indian/Alaska Native men aged 50 to 75 years, and to compare their screening rates to African American men and white men in the same age group. METHODS We analyzed Health and Retirement Study data for 1996, 1998, 2000, 2004, and 2008. Prostate screening was measured by self-report of receipt of a prostate examination within the previous 2 years. Age-adjusted prevalence was estimated for each year. We used regression with generalized estimating equations to compare prostate screening prevalence by year and race. RESULTS Our analytic sample included 119 American Indian/Alaska Native men (n = 333 observations), 1,359 African American men (n = 3,704 observations), and 8,226 white men (n = 24,292 observations). From 1996 to 2008, prostate screening rates changed for each group: from 57.0% to 55.7% among American Indians/Alaska Natives, from 62.0% to 71.2% among African Americans, and from 68.6% to 71.3% among whites. Although the disparity between whites and African Americans shrank over time, it was virtually unchanged between whites and American Indians/Alaska Natives. CONCLUSION As of 2008, American Indians/Alaska Natives were less likely than African Americans and whites to report a prostate examination within the previous 2 years. Prevalence trends indicated a modest increase in prostate cancer screening among African Americans and whites, while rates remained substantially lower for American Indians/Alaska Natives.
Aggravating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Combined Application of Bortezomib and Celecoxib as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response constitutes an adaptive mechanism that sustains cellular survival under adverse microenvironmental and other stress conditions, and thereby also supports chemoresistance of tumor cells. Due to their enhanced proliferation rate in combination with oftentimes limited blood supply, tumor cells frequently experience long-lasting, chronic ER stress conditions that set them apart from normal cells, and this differential may provide opportunities for pharmacologic intervention. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib have been shown to aggravate pre-existing ER stress in glioblastoma cells, and when combined exert synergistic tumoricidal effects in vivo. Thus, this particular drug combination may hold promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.
Flight Activity and Population Estimates of Four Apple Insect Species as Determined by Pheromone Traps

Traps baited with synthetic sex pheromones were used in one unsprayed orchard and 6 sprayed orchards in 1971–3 to monitor the seasonal flight of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker), and the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busch) in North Carolina. Seasonal flight of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), was monitored using visually attractant traps baited with olfactory attractants. There were 3 moth-catch peaks for the 3 moths studied and one flight period for the apple maggot. Of the total insects captured, 99% of the apple maggot, 71% of the codling moth, 30% of the oriental fruit moth, and 13% of the redbanded leafroller were captured at trap sites in the unsprayed orchard. The sprayed orchards received only 3 early season insecticide sprays for control of the 4 insects studied. In the sprayed orchards, the average weekly codling moth, oriental fruit moth, and apple maggot capture per trap site was less than one. The average weekly redbanded leafroller capture per trap site exceeded 2 only 3 times during the 3-year study.
Sixteen-Millimeter Motion Pictures and the War Effort * -->

A brief account of the production and applications of 16-mm motion pictures by the General Motors Corp., especially in connection with the speeding up of production of war materials.
Neurobiology of language

Neurobiology of Language explores the study of language, a field that has seen tremendous progress in the last two decades. Key to this progress is the accelerating trend toward integration of neurobiological approaches with the more established understanding of language within cognitive psychology, computer science, and linguistics. This volume serves as the definitive reference on the neurobiology of language, bringing these various advances together into a single volume of 100 concise entries. The organization includes sections on the field's major subfields, with each section covering both empirical data and theoretical perspectives. "Foundational" neurobiological coverage is also provided, including neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, genetics, linguistic, and psycholinguistic data, and models. * Foundational reference for the current state of the field of the neurobiology of language* Enables brain and language researchers and students to remain up-to-date in this fast-moving field that crosses many disciplinary and subdisciplinary boundaries* Provides an accessible entry point for other scientists interested in the area, but not actively working in it - e.g., speech therapists, neurologists, and cognitive psychologists* Chapters authored by world leaders in the field - the broadest, most expert coverage available
NIR sensitivity analysis with the VANE

Near infrared (NIR) cameras, with peak sensitivity around 905-nm wavelengths, are increasingly used in object detection applications such as pedestrian detection, occupant detection in vehicles, and vehicle detection. In this work, we present the results of simulated sensitivity analysis for object detection with NIR cameras. The analysis was conducted using high performance computing (HPC) to determine the environmental effects on object detection in different terrains and environmental conditions. The Virtual Autonomous Navigation Environment (VANE) was used to simulate highresolution models for environment, terrain, vehicles, and sensors. In the experiment, an active fiducial marker was attached to the rear bumper of a vehicle. The camera was mounted on a following vehicle that trailed at varying standoff distances. Three different terrain conditions (rural, urban, and forest), two environmental conditions (clear and hazy), three different times of day (morning, noon, and evening), and six different standoff distances were used to perform the sensor sensitivity analysis. The NIR camera that was used for the simulation is the DMK firewire monochrome on a pan-tilt motor. Standoff distance was varied along with environment and environmental conditions to determine the critical failure points for the sensor. Feature matching was used to detect the markers in each frame of the simulation, and the percentage of frames in which one of the markers was detected was recorded. The standoff distance produced the biggest impact on the performance of the camera system, while the camera system was not sensitive to environment conditions.
Detection of Occupational Hazards in Furniture Industry of Tongzhou District of Beijing City during 2005-2010

To analyze the occupational hazards in furniture industry of Tongzhou District of Beijing City during 2005-2010,and put forward preventive and control measures for occupational hazards in furniture industry. [Methods]The occupational hazards data of 59 furniture manufacturers in Tongzhou District during 2005-2010 were collected to form a database by Excel,with SPSS for statistical analysis. [Results]Of 1 067 monitoring points,the overstandard rate of noise,wood dust,benzene was 55.2%,28.0%,6.1%,respectively.Only 10 out of 59 manufacturers were qualified for all testing items.The overstandard rate of all testing items were high in 2005(46.3%),it increased annually during 2007-2009,but decreased in 2010.71.2% manufacturers were qualified for proper and effective personal protection. [Conclusion]The occupational hazards prevention and control is extremely urgent in furniture industry of Tongzhou District.Only the multisectoral collaboration can have linkage effects on controlling the occupational diseases.
Adiabatic release measurements in aluminum between 400 and 1200 GPa: Characterization of aluminum as a shock standard in the multimegabar regime

Aluminum has been used prolifically as an impedance matching standard in the multimegabar regime (1 Mbar = 100 GPa), particularly in nuclear driven, early laser driven, and early magnetically driven flyer plate experiments. The accuracy of these impedance matching measurements depends upon the knowledge of both the Hugoniot and release or reshock response of aluminum. Here, we present the results of several adiabatic release measurements of aluminum from $\ensuremath{\sim}400\text{--}1200$ GPa states along the principal Hugoniot using full density polymethylpentene (commonly known as TPX), and both $\ensuremath{\sim}190$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}110$ mg/cc silica aerogel standards. These data were analyzed within the framework of a simple, analytical model that was motivated by a first-principles molecular dynamics investigation into the release response of aluminum, as well as by a survey of the release response determined from several tabular equations of state for aluminum. Combined, this theoretical and experimental study provides a method to perform impedance matching calculations without the need to appeal to any tabular equation of state for aluminum. As an analytical model, this method allows for propagation of all uncertainty, including the random measurement uncertainties and the systematic uncertainties of the Hugoniot and release response of aluminum. This work establishes aluminum for use as a high-precision standard for impedance matching in the multimegabar regime.
EFFECTS OF ISOMETRIC AND DYNAMIC WEIGHT-TRAINING EXERCISES UPON STRENGTH AND SPEED OF MOVEMENT.

Abstract The comparative effects of isometric and dynamic weight-training exercises on strength and on the speed of execution of single movements were investigated. Seventy-two male subjects formed three experimental groups and performed weight-training exercises: Group I (isometric contraction method); Group R (rapid dynamic contraction method); and Group S (slow dynamic contraction method). Twenty-four male subjects formed the control group. A cable tensiometer was used to obtain eight strength scores for each subject. Speed-of-movement times against no resistance in six movements and against resistance in the same movements in specified increments were taken. Group I, Group R, and Group S gained in strength and at the same time gained in speed of movement measured against no resistance and against resistance. The findings in this study would appear to warrant the conclusions that (a) gains in strength exerted in performing a movement are accompanied by gains in the speed of execution of the same moveme...
A recipe for friendship: Similar food consumption promotes trust and cooperation

Abstract This research examines the consequences of incidental food consumption for trust and cooperation. We find that strangers who are assigned to eat similar (vs. dissimilar) foods are more trusting of each other in a trust game (Study 1). Food consumption further influences conflict resolution, with strangers who are assigned to eat similar foods cooperating more in a labor negotiation, and therefore earning more money (Study 2). The role of incidental food similarity on increased trust extends to the product domain. Consumers are more trusting of information about non-food products (e.g., a software product) when the advertiser in the product testimonial eats similar food to them (Study 3). Lastly, we find evidence that food serves as a particularly strong cue of trust compared with other incidental similarity. People perceive that pairs eating similar foods, but not pairs wearing similar colored shirts, are more trusting of one another (Study 4). We discuss theoretical and practical implications of this work for improving interactions between strangers, and for marketing products.
Electrical interfaces for recording, stimulation, and sensing

Abstract Neural interfaces provide the essential link between electronic systems designed for electrical stimulation, electrical recording, or neurochemical detection to the particular region of the nervous system to which the system is designed. Implantable neural interfaces have been designed for both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. This chapter reviews the most common methods currently in use for the actual biotic/abiotic interface including microwire arrays, electrocorticogram electrode arrays (both macrogrids and microgrids), Si-based cortical probes, and polymer-based interfaces. This chapter also examines emerging approaches that include nanocomposite polymers, devices that integrate process-incompatible materials, and substrates made from dissolvable polymers. This chapter emphasizes the materials used to construct the various types of neural interfaces and details the strengths and weaknesses of each material. This chapter closes with a brief discussion on probe technologies that include optical capabilities to support optogenetic functions.
Heparinoid/Protein Interactions

This chapter discusses the nature of the interactions between a protein and heparin or heparan sulfate and the experimental approaches that are used to address them. The process of a protein binding to a heparinoid can be easily studied. It is usually difficult to characterize the molecular contacts at the binding domains of the protein and the heparinoid. The molecular interfaces between heparinoids and their binding proteins have been illustrated for only a limited number of such interactions. Both heparins and proteins are usually large molecules. The interactions between a protein and heparin take place over restricted domains on the surfaces of the two interacting polymers. At the same time, there are other approaches that have been used with varying degrees of success. The best way to assess the importance of individual amino acids in heparin binding is by a single replacement of amino acids in the potential heparin binding domains by site–directed mutagenesis. Proteins have surface domains enriched in clusters of basic amino acids, especially arginines and lysines, that bind to heparinoids in large part through multiple contacts with the negatively charged sulfate and carboxyl groups (which are fully ionized under physiological conditions ) of the heparinoids.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Physical Properties of Two Trinuclear, Mixed-Valence Species of Type [μ3-OMnIIMnIII 2(O2CCF3)6(R)3] (R=H2O, CH3COOH)

The preparation and characterization of two new mixed-valence, trinuclear species, [Mn3O(O2CCF3)6(H2O)3]⋅CF3COOH⋅4/3H2O (1) and [Mn3O(O2CCF3)6(CH3COOH)3] (2), is reported. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group, P¯1 (No. 2), with the parameters, a=12.3131(9) A, b=12.4427(9) A, c=12.965(1) A, α=72.593(4)°, β=73.453(5)°, γ=68.345(4)°, V=1727.2(2) A3, and Z=2. A total of 14060 reflections were collected in the range 1.68≤θ≤27.52°. The final weighted and non-weighted agreement indices, R1=0.0589 and wR2=0.1445 were based on a total of 6953 unique reflections with an R int value of 0.0542. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21/n (No. 14), with the parameters, a=12.876(3) A, b=12.212(4) A, c=17.732(4) A, β=100.40(3)°, V=3640.4(1) A3, and Z=4. A total of 32197 reflections were collected in the range 1.72≤θ≤27.13°. The final weighted and non-weighted agreement factors, R1=0.0647 and wR2=0.1609 were based on a total of 8018 unique reflections with an R int value of 0.0462. An investigation of the physical properties revealed that both compounds display an intermediate ground state of S=3/2 as a consequence of intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling. The magnetic data for compound 1 was best fit to the parameters g=2.09, J=−5.5 cm−1, J′=−3.4 cm−1, and D Mn(III)=−4.5 cm−1; the data for compound 2 was best fit to the parameters g=2.10, J=−2.9 cm−1, J′=−5.5 cm−1, and D Mn(III)=−4.5 cm−1.
Presupposition: What went wrong?

When the first generation of generative linguists discovered presuppositions in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the initial set of examples was quite small. Aspectual verbs like stop were discussed already by Greek philosophers, proper names, Kepler , and definite descriptions, the present king of France , go back to Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell by the turn of the century. Just in the span of a few years my generation of semanticists assembled a veritable zoo of "presupposition triggers" under the assumption that they were all of the same species. Generations of students have learned about presuppositions from Stephen Levinson's 1983 book on Pragmatics that contains a list of 13 types of presupposition triggers, an excerpt of an even longer unpublished list attributed to a certain Lauri Karttunen. My task in this presentation is to come clean and show why the items on Levinson's list should not have been lumped together. In retrospect it is strange that the early writings about presupposition by linguists and even by philosophers like Robert Stalnaker or Scott Soames do not make any reference to the rich palette of semantic relations they could have learned from Frege and later from Paul Grice. If we had known Frege's concepts of Andeutung – Grice's conventional implicature – and Nebengedanke, it would have been easy to see that there are types of author commitment that are neither entailments nor presuppositions.
Inferior Vena Cava Measurement with Ultrasound: What Is the Best View and Best Mode?

ABSTRACT Introduction Intravascular volume status is an important clinical consideration in the management of the critically ill. Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) has gained popularity as a non-invasive means of intravascular volume assessment via examination of the inferior vena cava (IVC). However, there is limited data comparing different acquisition techniques for IVC measurement by POCUS. The goal of this evaluation is to determine the reliability of three IVC acquisition techniques for volume assessment: sub-xiphoid transabdominal long axis (LA), transabdominal short axis (SA), and right lateral transabdominal coronal long axis (CLA) (aka “rescue view”). Methods Volunteers were evaluated by three experienced emergency physician sonographers (EP). Gray scale (B-mode) and Motion-mode (M-mode) diameters were measured and IVC collapsibility index (IVCCI) calculated for three anatomic views (LA, SA, CLA). For each IVC measurement, descriptive statistics, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and 2-Way Univariate Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) were calculated. Results Thirty-nine volunteers were evaluated yielding 351 total US measurements. Measurements of the three views had similar means (LA 1.9 ± 0.4cm; SA 1.9 ± 0.4cm; CLA 2.0 ± 0.5cm). For B-Mode, LA had the highest ICC (0.86, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.92) while CLA had the poorest ICC (0.74, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.85). ICCs for all M-mode IVCCI were low. Significant interaction effects between anatomical view and EP were observed for B-mode and M-mode measurements. Post-hoc analyses reveal difficulty in consistent view acquisition between EPs. Conclusions Inter rater reliability of the IVC by EPs was highest for B-mode LA and poorest for all M-Mode IVC collapsibility indices (IVCCI). These results suggest that B-mode LA holds the most promise to deliver reliable measures of IVC diameter. Future studies may focus on validation in a clinical setting as well as comparison to a reference standard.
Third harmonic generation in the semi-infinite phase-matching limit

We expand upon previously published [Opt. Lett.37, 3279 (2012)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.37.003279] experimental results on third harmonic generation with a focused Gaussian beam in the semi-infinite limit, and compare these results with an analytical treatment of the phase-matching integral and simulations to investigate limits to the conversion efficiency. In the tight-focusing limit for a Gaussian beam, the phase-matching integral vanishes in the lowest-order nonlinear term, leading to poor conversion efficiency and mode quality. However, we utilize two techniques to break the phase-matching symmetry to dramatically improve the conversion efficiency and mode. Both methods inhibit third harmonic generation after the focus, preventing the cancellation of the harmonic radiation. We show that new limits on the conversion efficiency are set by induced nonlinear phase-mismatch and ionization.
Severe decline and partial recovery of a rare butterfly on an active military training area

Abstract Global patterns of land-use change have led conservationists to rely increasingly on human-dominated landscapes for biodiversity conservation. One set of such landscapes, military training areas, hold promise for conservation as they are widespread and often harbor rare habitat types. However, military training areas are often heavily impacted and are not managed primarily for conservation. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a military training area for conservation by assessing the population of an extremely rare butterfly, the eastern regal fritillary (Speyeria idalia idalia), for which the sole viable population is within Fort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center in Pennsylvania, USA. Long-term monitoring data exist for this butterfly, but analysis has been complicated by the non-conformity of count data to standard statistical assumptions, the natural history of these butterflies, and challenges inherent to monitoring on a military training area. To address these complications, we used a novel multi-step process with zero-inflated generalized additive mixed models in a Bayesian framework. Data included 23,492 transect walks over 18 years. Our results provide the first comprehensive analysis of population trajectories for S. i.idalia, and indicate that after a long decline, populations have increased and, more recently, levelled. Temporal concordance of the increase with the onset of intensive logging and prescribed burning suggests the importance of large-scale, active management efforts. These results further clarify that, with active management of an appropriate scale, even the busiest military training areas can serve as effective sites for conservation. Thus, such areas may be underexploited for biodiversity conservation.
Estrogen induces c-Kit and an aggressive phenotype in a model of invasive lobular breast cancer.

Among the molecular subtypes of breast cancer are luminal (A or B) estrogen receptor positive (ER+), HER2+, and triple negative (basal-like). In addition to the molecular subtypes, there are 18 histologic breast cancer subtypes classified on appearance, including invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC), which are 8–15% of all breast cancers and are largely ER+ tumors. We used a new model of ER+ ILC, called BCK4. To determine the estrogen regulated genes in our ILC model, we examined BCK4 xenograft tumors from mice supplemented with or without estrogen using gene expression arrays. Approximately 3000 genes were regulated by estrogen in vivo. Hierarchical cluster analyses of the BCK4 derived tumors compared with ER+ and ER- breast cancer cell lines show the estrogen treated BCK4 tumors group with ER- breast cancers most likely due to a high proliferation score, while tumors from cellulose supplemented mice were more related to ER+ breast tumor cells. To elucidate genes regulated in vitro by estrogen in BCK4 cells, we performed expression profiling using Illumina arrays of the BCK4 cell line, treated with or without estrogen in vitro. A set of ~200 overlapping genes were regulated by estrogen in the BCK4 cell line and xenograft tumors, and pathway analysis revealed that the c-Kit pathway might be a target to reduce estrogen-induced proliferation. Subsequent studies found that inhibition of c-Kit activity using imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®) blocked estrogen mediated stimulation of BCK4 tumors and BCK4 cells in vitro as effectively as the anti-estrogen fulvestrant (Faslodex®). Decreased expression of c-Kit using shRNA also decreased baseline and estrogen induced proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These studies are the first to indicate that c-Kit inhibition is an effective approach to target c-Kit+ ILC.
Development of a pediatric critical care transport team: Experience at a military medical center

INTRODUCTION A pediatric critical care transport program was initiated and organized at Naval Medical Center San Diego in January 1994. The primary goal of the program was to formally train military pediatric residents in the early stabilization and transport of the critically ill neonatal and pediatric patient. It was also felt that such a program would generate significant cost savings to the Department of Defense. We present the statistics, training protocol, and the cost savings. In addition, we surveyed previous residents who had been involved with this program to determine its perceived benefit. METHODS In the first phase of this project, the pediatric critical care transport program database from January 1994 to December 1997 was reviewed. The number and types of transports were recorded. Next, we determined cost savings for the transport program for fiscal year 1996-1998 (the period for which fiscal data were available). In the second phase of this project, we sent surveys to the 23 graduating residents who had participated in the pediatric critical care transport program. The survey sought to determine the perceived value of the transport training experience and the degree to which that training is now being used. All investigators were blinded to the responses. Statistical analysis consisted of determining the percentage of each response. RESULTS During the 4-year period reviewed, 404 transports were performed (198 neonatal and 206 pediatric). During fiscal year 1996-1998, there was a cost avoidance of $1,962 per transport. In the second phase, 91% of the surveys were returned and analyzed. The majority of residents were practicing in overseas or isolated communities. All respondents rated their experience in the pediatric critical care transport program as worthwhile and educational, and they complemented their training in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Seventy-one percent of the respondents had transported a critically ill neonate or child to another facility within the last year. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we report our experience with the development of a pediatric critical care transport program. The program was developed to provide military pediatric residents instruction and experience in the stabilization and transport of critically ill children. In addition, we were able to demonstrate a significant cost avoidance.
Mehr über das Falten von Papier

Nehmen Sie einen Papierbogen und falten Sie ihn: Die Falzlinie ist gerade (siehe Abbildung 15.1). Wir beginnen unsere Diskussion uber das Falten von Papier mit einer mathematischen Erklarung dieses Phanomens.
Effect of Tillage Practice on Maize (Zea Mays L.) Root Distribution

ABSTRACT Soil water and temperature affect maize ( Zea mays L.) root growth rate. Tillage practice may influence the levels of these soil parameters occurring during growth. A field experiment was conducted using ridge and conventional (moldboard plow and disk) tillage. Soil temperature was measured at 2.5, 10, and 30 cm depth. Soil water was measured at 0 to 5, 5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm depths. Roots were sampled in six locations from row to mid-row at 0 to 5, 5 to 15 and 15 to 20 cm depths. Tillage practice did not influence soil temperature and temperatures were high enough that influence of temperature on root growth rate was always 80% of maximum rate. Soil water levels varied with soil depth. In the 0 to 5 cm layer, values fluctuated from greater than field capacity (27%) to less than wilting point (14%). The 5 to 15 cm layer was less variable with water contents fluctuating between 20% and 30%. Values for 15 to 30 cm were similar to those for 5 to 15 cm depth. Root density in the 0 to 5 cm depth was less than in the 5 to 15 cm layer. With ridge tillage the greatest root density was at mid row while for conventional tillage the greatest root density was in the row. These root density differences reflected differences in soil water levels. Placing fertilizer in the zone of highest root density should result in the highest recovery of the applied fertilizer.
Highways, crossing structures and risk: Behaviors of Greater Yellowstone pronghorn elucidate efficacy of road mitigation

Abstract Wildlife crossing structures and accompanying barrier fencing can prevent large mammals from accessing road surfaces and can significantly reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions while allowing animals to move from one side of the road to the other. Little research has been conducted on the behavioral responses of wildlife when encountering these novel structures over time. We used the installation of new wildlife road crossing structures built along a 6000-year old migration route to evaluate behavioral responses of long-distance migrators to the structures. We collected behavioral data during and after construction in order to evaluate individuals' immediate responses to these structures and to investigate how they changed over time using generalized linear mixed-effects models and generalized additive models fit by maximum likelihood. Pronghorn acclimated to the crossing structures and the frequency in which they successfully crossed them increased over time. The probability of pronghorn successfully crossing a structure was not influenced by human presence. Pronghorn spent more time in sustained vigilance behaviors after construction. Pronghorn also spent more time in sustained vigilance behaviors at relatively further distances from a structure and lead individuals spent more time in sustained vigilance behaviors than non-lead individuals. We did not detect any significant factors associated with stress behaviors. Pronghorn still demonstrated high sustained vigilance when approaching the structures after 20 months post construction, despite an increase in crossing success. While we found evidence of risk-avoidance behaviors in pronghorn at crossing structures, this work provides evidence that pronghorn gradually acclimated to wildlife crossing structures built in a historical migration corridor in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. We recommend using task completion chronology (rather than project completion dates) to install wildlife mitigation and we recommend using wildlife friendly fencing when fences are required for multiple use (e.g., cattle) at crossing structure entrances.
Polysubstance Use Among Veterans in Intensive PTSD Programs: Association With Symptoms and Outcomes Following Treatment

Objective: A distinct group of patients has recently been described who experience polysubstance use disorder characterized by use of multiple addictive substances. This study examines baseline cha...
Identifying Synaptic Proteins by In Vivo BioID from Mouse Brain

Two anatomically and functionally distinct types of synapses are present in the central nervous system, excitatory synapses, and inhibitory synapses. Purification and analysis of the protein complex at the excitatory postsynapses have led to fundamental insights into neurobiology. In contrast, the biochemical purification and analysis of the inhibitory postsynaptic density have been largely intractable. The recently developed method called BioID employs the biotin ligase mutant, BirA*, fused to a bait protein to label and capture proximal proteins. We adapted the BioID approach to enable in vivo BioID, or iBioID of inhibitory synaptic complexes in the mouse brain. This protocol describes the iBioID method to allow synaptic bait proteins to target synaptic complexes, label, and purify biotinylated proteins from the mouse brain. This technique can be easily adapted to target other substructures in vivo that have been difficult to purify and analyze in the past.
A 10-GHz Code-Modulated Interferometric Imager Using Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Phased Arrays

Code-modulated interferometric imaging is a lens-less approach to imaging in which existing analog phased-arrays are repurposed as an interferometer using code modulation. A 33-pixel, eight-element prototype is created using two commercially-available ADAR1000 phased-array receivers from Analog Devices Inc. The chips are connected at board level to a patch antenna array. The serial interface is used to apply codes whereas the on-chip power detector and data converter are used for direct read out of the composite code-multiplexed imaging data. These are then processed off-line in Matlab to reconstruct the image. The 33-pixel camera is demonstrated in hardware for point-source detection.
Person Re-Identification From Gait Using an Autocorrelation Network

We propose a new biometric feature based on autocorrelation using an end-to-end trained network to capture human gait from different viewpoints. Our method condenses an unbounded image stream into a fixed size descriptor, and capitalizes on the periodic nature of walking to leverage sequence self-similarity. Autocorrelation is invariant to start or end of the gait cycle, can be efficiently computed online, and is well suited for capturing pose frequencies. We demonstrate empirically that under equal settings an autocorrelation network provides a more complete representation for gait than existing work, resulting in improved person re-identification performance.
Leveraging immonium ions for identifying and targeting acyl-lysine modifications in proteomic datasets

Acyl modifications vary greatly in terms of elemental composition and site of protein modification. Developing methods to identify these modifications more confidently can help assess the scope of these modifications in large proteomic datasets. Herein we analyze the utility of acyl-lysine immonium ions for identifying the modifications in proteomic datasets. We demonstrate that the cyclized immonium ion is a strong indicator of acyl-lysine presence when its rank or relative abundance compared to other ions within a spectrum is considered. Utilizing a stepped collision energy method in a shotgun experiment highlights the immonium ion strongly. Implementing an analysis that accounted for features within each MS2 spectra, this method allows peptides with short chain acyl-lysine modifications to be clearly identified in complex lysates. Immonium ions can also be used to validate novel acyl-modifications; in this study we report the first examples of 3-hydroxylpimelyl-lysine modification and validate them using immonium ions. Overall these results solidify the use of the immonium ion as a marker for acyl-lysine modifications in complex proteomic datasets.
Risk Factors Associated with Increased Antibiotic Use in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients

Literature suggests that antibiotic prescribing in COVID-19 patients is high, despite low rates of confirmed bacterial infection. There are little data on what drives prescribing habits. This retrospective, multi-center, observational study sought to determine antibiotic prescribing rates and risk factors for antibiotic prescribing in hospitalized patients. Patients admitted from March 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020 and treated for PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were included. The primary endpoint was the rate of antibiotic use during hospitalization. Secondary endpoints included risk factors associated with antibiotic use, risk factors associated with receiving more than one antibiotic course, and rate of microbiologically confirmed infections. A total of 208 encounters (198 patients) were included in the final analysis. Eighty-three percent of patients received at least one course of antibiotics, despite low rates of microbiologically confirmed infection (12%). Almost one-third of patients (30%) received more than one course of antibiotics. There was a low rate of respiratory cultures obtained (32%). Risk factors identified in a univariate analysis for both antibiotic prescribing and receiving more than one course of antibiotics were more serious illness, increased hospital length of stay, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and ARDS. This study highlights the need for increased antibiotic stewardship practices in COVID-19 patients. Further studies should be conducted to determine the utility of different stewardship initiatives in COVID-19 patients.
Playing Together while Apart: Exploring Asymmetric and Interdependent Games for Remote Play

Sharing recreational experiences with loved ones can improve well-being, experience enjoyment, relationship quality, and feelings of closeness. Despite these benefits, study participants report numerous barriers to shared recreation with loved ones. Among others, these include differences in recreational preferences and safety measures associated with the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this paper we examine how loved ones use, and wish to use, technology to play together while apart. We take into account reported barriers to shared recreation and present the Planet Runner technology probe, a two-player digital-physical game which mediates a shared interdependent asymmetric recreational experience involving the outdoors. We share early findings from an exploratory study and conclude by highlighting design considerations for asymmetric games intended to mediate shared remote play experiences involving the outdoors.
Short stem total hip arthroplasty with the direct anterior approach demonstrates suboptimal fixation

Short stems use has increased substantially despite variable results reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to report the rate of complications using a short stem implanted through the direct anterior approach (DAA), and to evaluate mid-term clinical and radiological results focusing on femoral stem fixation. Between April 2009 and November 2014, 698 elective total hip arthroplasties (THAs) were performed using a fully hydroxyapatite-coated short stem (AMIStem-H®). The mean age was 65.7 years (SD 12.6). Patients were invited for clinical and radiological evaluation, and to complete patient-reported outcomes questionnaires at two and five years after surgery. The mean follow-up was 6.2 years (range 2–9.73 years). During the study period, 59 (8.5%) patients died and 24 (3.4%) were lost to follow-up. There were six (0.9%) dislocations and 12 (1.7%) fractures, seven occurred intra-operatively. Twenty-nine (4.2%) THAs required revision surgery. Eleven THAs were revised for aseptic loosening of the stem at a mean 4.9 years (1.2–7.3 years). Five years after surgery, radiographs of 324 THAs (324/425 eligible = 76.2%) were available. Stem subsidence ≥ 2 mm was present in 42 cases (12.9%), proximal radiolucencies in 101 hips (31.5%), cortical thickening in 52 (16.0%), and a pedestal in 219 (67.6%). An Engh score between − 10 and 0 was associated with lower HHS pain subscore (p = 0.005), a higher risk of stem revision for aseptic loosening (18.8% vs. 2.7%; p = 0.008), and was more frequent in younger patients with ASA score 1. Patients presenting radiological alterations at five years had an increased risk of revision for aseptic stem loosening and also inferior clinical results. Our study warrants further continued scrutiny of mid- and long-term survivorship of the AMIStem-H®, with radiological results at five years indicating suboptimal fixation of the stem in younger and active patients.
Bio-CaRGOS: capture and release gels for optimized storage of hemoglobin

Room temperature biospecimen storage for prolonged periods is essential to eliminate energy consumption by ultra-low freezing or refrigeration-based storage techniques. State of the art practices that sufficiently minimize the direct or hidden costs associated with cold-chain logistics include ambient temperature storage of biospecimens (i.e., DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids) in the dry state. However, the biospecimens are still well-exposed to the stress associated with drying and reconstitution cycles, which augments the pre-analytical degradation of biospecimens prior to their downstream processing. An aqueous storage solution that can eliminate these stresses which are correlated to several cycles of drying/rehydration or freezing of biospecimens, is yet to be achieved by any current technology. In our study, we have addressed this room temperature biospecimen-protection challenge using aqueous capture and release gels for optimized storage (Bio-CaRGOS) of biospecimens. Herein, we have demonstrated a single-step ∼95% recovery of a metalloprotein hemoglobin at room temperature using a cost-effective standard microwave-based aqueous formulation of Bio-CaRGOS. Although hemoglobin samples are currently stored at sub-zero or under refrigeration (4 °C) conditions to avoid loss of integrity and an unpredictable diagnosis during their downstream assays, our results have displayed an unprecedented room temperature integrity preservation of hemoglobin. Bio-CaRGOS formulations efficiently preserve hemoglobin in its native state, with single-step protein recovery of ∼95% at ambient conditions (1 month) and ∼96% (7 months) under refrigeration conditions. In contrast, two-thirds of the control samples degrade under ambient (1 month) and refrigeration (7 months) settings.
Imaging and Fluorescence Quantification in Caenorhabditis elegans with Flow Vermimetry and Automated Microscopy

Gene activation and cellular biomarkers are commonly monitored using fluorescent signals from transgenic reporters or dyes. These quantifiable markers are critical for biological research and serve as an incredibly powerful tool, even more so when combined with high-throughput screening. Caenorhabditis elegans is a particularly useful model in this regard, as it is inexpensive to grow in vast numbers, has a rapid generation time, is optically transparent, and can readily fit within 384-well plates. However, fluorescence quantification in worms is often cumbersome. Quantification is frequently performed using laborious, low-throughput, bias-prone methods that measure fluorescence in a comparatively small number of individual worms. Here we describe two methods, flow vermimetry using a COPAS BioSorter and an automated imaging platform and analysis pipeline using a Cytation5 multimode plate reader and image analysis software, that enable high-throughput, high-content screening in C. elegans. Flow vermimetry provides a better signal-to-noise ratio with fewer processing steps, while the Cytation5 provides a convenient platform to image samples across time. Fluorescence values from the two methods show strong correlation. Either method can be easily extended to include other parameters, such as the measurement of various metabolites, worm viability, and other aspects of cell physiology. This broadens the utility of the system and allows it to be used for a wide range of molecular biological purposes.
Sources of Missing Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Introduction This paper describes the sources, magnitude, and correlates of missing data in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity module. Methods Missing data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity module fielded from 2014 to 2019 were ascribed to 4 sources: the optional nature of the Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity module, out-of-state cell phone respondents, interview termination, and item nonresponse. The prevalence of missingness from these 4 sources was examined in relation to sociodemographic factors and survey process factors. Data were analyzed in 2018–2020. Results From 2014 to 2019, of 2,698,738 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System respondents, 1,330,025 (44.8%, weighted) were in states that did not administer the Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity module. Among 723,301 cell phone interviews in states administering the module, 12.5% (weighted) were out of state. Among 1,316,174 otherwise potential respondents, 9.4% (weighted) terminated the interview before Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity module administration. Among 1,205,177 administered the module, item-level missingness was 3.4% for sexual orientation and 1.3% for gender identity. Correlates of missingness varied considerably at each stage. Conclusions Missing the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity data is much more prevalent than item nonresponse alone would suggest. Analytic techniques that consider only item nonresponse, such as complete case analysis, risk producing biased findings. Including the Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity module in the required core demographics section is the only feasible method to reduce the amount and complexity of missing data.
A case series analysis on the clinical experience of Impella 5.5® at a large tertiary care centre.

Aims We aimed to detail the early clinical experience with pVAD 5.5 at a large academic medical centre. Impella® 5.5 (Abiomed) is a temporary peripherally inserted left ventricular assist device (pVAD) used for the treatment of cardiogenic shock (CS). This system has several modifications aimed at improving deliverability and durability over the pVAD 5.0 system, but real-world experience with this device remains limited. Methods and results We collected clinical and outcome data on all patients supported with pVAD 5.5 at our centre between February and December 2020, including procedural and device-related complications. Fourteen patients with pVAD 5.5 were included. Aetiology of CS was acute myocardial infarction (n = 6), decompensated heart failure (n = 6), suspected myocarditis (n = 1), and post-cardiotomy CS (n = 1). Four patients received pVAD 5.5 after being on inotropes alone, two were escalated from intra-aortic balloon pump, two were escalated from pVAD CP, and six patients were transitioned to pVAD 5.5 from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Median duration of pVAD 5.5 support was 12 (interquartile range 7, 25) days. Complications included axillary insertion site haematoma (n = 3), acute kidney injury (n = 3), severe thrombocytopenia (n = 1), and stroke (n = 1). No valve injury or limb complications occurred. Survival to device explant for recovery or transition to another therapy was 11/14 (79%) patients. Conclusions In this early experience of the pVAD 5.5, procedural and device-related complications were observed but were manageable, and overall survival was high in this critically ill cohort, particularly when the device was used as a bridge to other therapies.