cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical research advancements shaping ‘best practice’

We are excited to present this AMSSM-BJSM issue, emphasising the highest quality clinical research by members of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) to help shape ‘best practice’. This call for papers resulted in a record number of high-quality original research submissions, most within AMSSM priority research areas. Each paper submitted received the highest standard of peer review and consideration. Original research papers in this issue include a multicentre randomised intervention trial by Stephanie Kliethermes and colleagues examining the impact of serial sports training risk assessment and counselling to reduce injury risk in young athletes ( see page 243 ); a randomised clinical trial by Kate Ackerman and colleagues on transdermal oestrogen replacement therapy in oligo-amenorrheic athletes to improve bone mineral density ( see page 229 ); and a multicentre study by Emily Kraus and colleagues using a modified female athlete triad cumulative risk assessment to predict bone stress injuries in male distance runners ( see page 237 ). Khodaee Morteza and colleagues also provide an important discussion piece addressing concerns related to portable intravenous fluids in sports ( see page 226 ). The comprehensive AMSSM …
Preservice Teachers’ Memories of Home-School Connections and Their Link to Anticipated Practices

Connecting with families is now a key professional role for teachers and supports student success in the classroom. This article presents an examination of elementary education preservice teachers’ anticipated work with families and how their memories of school intersect with those visions. A qualitative research design incorporated open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with twenty-five preservice teachers. An inductive analysis using grounded theory techniques led to the identification of four main themes including: (1) “Involved” parents show up at school, (2) technology is a strategy to modernize work with families, (3) field-based experiences reinforce anticipated practices, and (4) institutionalized practices are the practices that count. Each theme connected to participants’ memories of school and future visions reflected traditional one-way efforts embedded in their school histories. Implications are discussed for teacher educators.
Failure to thrive, rash and fever

Several rashes can present in early infancy, including atopic dermatitis (eczema), seborrheic dermatitis, and neonatal acne. However, these rashes typically present after 2–4 weeks of age.
Two-Dimensional Nanoconfined Channels for a Heavy Metal Sensor

Two-dimensional (2D) metal oxide lamellar membranes provide high-aspect-ratio interlayer nanochannels and yield continuous interstitial space and a nanoconfined length scale comparable to the size ...
High prevalence of allergy in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer

To determine the prevalence of allergy in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and the relationship between having allergy and IVF treatment outcomes. A retrospective cohort study of female infertility patients aged 20–49 years and their male partners undergoing IVF cycles from August 2010 to December 2016 in an academic fertility program. Prevalence data was collected for 493 couples (935 cycles). Over half of the female patients (54%) had at least one reported allergy versus the cited US prevalence of 10–30%. Antibiotic (54.7%) and non-antibiotic medication (39.2%) were the most common female allergy subtypes. Fewer male patients reported allergy (21.7%). Data on β-hCG outcomes were calculated for 841 cycles from 458 couples with no significant relationship found except for number of cycles including ICSI and number of embryos transferred per cycle (1.81 for those without allergy vs 2.07 for those with allergy, p = 0.07). Female patients with allergy were marginally statistically more likely to have a negative β-hCG (p = 0.07) and less likely to have a successful cycle (p = 0.06). When allergy subgroups were evaluated, there were no significant differences between groups except for a higher number of embryos transferred in women with environmental/other allergies (p = 0.02). The prevalence of allergy among patients seeking infertility treatment is high compared with the general population. However, allergy was not found to be associated with IVF cycle outcomes. These findings are likely primarily limited by difficulty in defining specific allergy types within a retrospective study.
Pieced Back Together

Digital fabrication has become an important tool for design, introducing opportunities for innovation, risk-taking, and creativity to be integrated into the design process. This is explored here through a focus on the reasons to include digital tools, both practical and aesthetic. Embracing the precision and repetitive capabilities of the laser-cutter, the garment was designed to be constructed using laser-cut denim components that would be hand-embellished with laser-cut acrylic, expired credit cards, and seed beads. The components were then washed and allowed to fray, removing the harsh digital aesthetic; the final step was assembling them into a tunic dress. This development process allowed creative risk to be harnessed in a successful garment, facilitating responsive creativity at each step of the making process. In this way, the machine and hand produced a combined aesthetic and revealed how digital tools empower hand-worked processes by eliminating tedious, repetitive activities.
Using a Sensory Learning Framework to Design Effective Curricula: Evidence from Indigenous Nutrition Education Programs

As health disparities among Native Americans persist, promoting better health outcomes is of paramount concern among Indigenous populations. A variety of programs exist that try to alleviate problems resulting in higher rates of diet-related chronic diseases and premature death. For this study, we collaborated with an Indigenous-led nonprofit that implemented a series of nutrition education courses designed to empower community members to make healthier food choices. The theoretically based curriculum, which provided learners with information in the form of sensory-based modules, e.g., food preparation, food handling, cultural awareness, and practical cooking skills, was introduced in various communities in the Great Plains and Southwest. The nutrition education programs were modeled after a canonical educational learning model, Bloom’s Taxonomy, designed to provide participants with information and resources necessary to make healthier food choices across three cognitive domains (i.e., tiers). We used a mixed-methods approach, coupling Principal Components Analysis with a qualitative SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis, to assess each program’s capacity to enhance learning retention, i.e., to assess the salience of information provided and the extent to which each program was more or less successful in participants’ learning. We found that course content and instruction are strongly correlated with program satisfaction. In addition, from the qualitative analysis, we found that as each successive module of the program challenged higher cognitive domains, participants were more likely to indicate satisfaction in the course material as well as state a desired change in their behavior, which we attribute to participants’ ability to synthesize and evaluate information. Aspects of this programming framework have the potential to be adapted to and integrated into other Native communities striving for the successful adoption of healthier diets.
Quantum phase transitions in frustrated quantum antiferromagnets

Abstract We study frustrated, two-dimensional, quantum antiferromagnets in the vicinity of a quantum transition from a non-collinear, magnetically ordered ground state to a quantum-disordered phase. The general scaling properties of this transition are described. A detailed study of a particular field-theoretic model of the transition, with bosonic spin - 1 2 spinon fields, is presented. Explicit universal scaling forms for a variety of observables are obtained and the results are compared with numerical data on the spin - 1 2 triangular antiferromagnet. Universal properties of an alternative field theory, with confined spinons, are also briefly noted.
Bringing Meaning to Learning: An Interdisciplinary Project for First-Year Community College Students:

Interdisciplinary pedagogy can enhance Introduction to Psychology curricula. We developed an interdisciplinary project to make meaning in a learning community (LC) clustering Introduction to Psycho...
Critique of the use of geodesics in astrophysics and cosmology

Since particles obey wave equations, in general one is not free to postulate that particles move on the geodesics associated with test particles. Rather, for this to be the case one has to be able to derive such behavior starting from the equations of motion that the particles obey, and to do so one can employ the eikonal approximation. To see what kind of trajectories might occur we explore the domain of support of the propagators associated with the wave equations. For a minimally coupled massless scalar field the domain of support in curved space is shown to not be restricted to the light cone, while for a conformally coupled massless scalar field the curved space domain is only restricted to the light cone if it propagates in a conformal to flat background. Consequently, eikonalization does not in general lead to null geodesics for curved space massless rays even though it does lead to straight line trajectories in flat spacetime. Equal remarks apply to the massless conformal invariant Maxwell equations. However, for massive particles one does obtain standard geodesic behavior this way, since they do not propagate on the light cone to begin with. Thus depending on how big the curvature actually is, in principle, even if not necessarily in practice, the standard null-geodesic-based gravitational bending formula and the general behavior of propagating light rays are in need of modification in regions with high enough curvature. We show that relativistic eikonalization has an intrinsic light-front structure, and show that eikonalization in a theory with local conformal symmetry leads to trajectories that are only globally conformally symmetric. Propagation of massless particles off the light cone is also manifest in a conformal invariant scalar field propagator in two spacetime dimensions. It takes support both on and inside the light cone, even if the geometry is conformal to flat.
Emerging New Approaches in Desensitization: Targeted Therapies for HLA Sensitization

There is an urgent need for therapeutic interventions for desensitization and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in sensitized patients with preformed or de novo donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA). The risk of AMR and allograft loss in sensitized patients is increased due to preformed DSA detected at time of transplant or the reactivation of HLA memory after transplantation, causing acute and chronic AMR. Alternatively, de novo DSA that develops post-transplant due to inadequate immunosuppression and again may lead to acute and chronic AMR or even allograft loss. Circulating antibody, the final product of the humoral immune response, has been the primary target of desensitization and AMR treatment. However, in many cases these protocols fail to achieve efficient removal of all DSA and long-term outcomes of patients with persistent DSA are far worse when compared to non-sensitized patients. We believe that targeting multiple components of humoral immunity will lead to improved outcomes for such patients. In this review, we will briefly discuss conventional desensitization methods targeting antibody or B cell removal and then present a mechanistically designed desensitization regimen targeting plasma cells and the humoral response.
Minimizing blood wastage during blood draws from implanted subcutaneous ports (PORT) in patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).

Background: Patients with ESRD (Dialysis and Transplant) require frequent blood draws for monitoring of their clinical status and titration of medications. To save their veins for future use, many of these patients, especially young children and those with difficult venous access, require PORT placement. Between blood draws, the PORT is flushed with saline and packed with heparinized saline to prevent clotting. When drawing blood for lab test, a fixed amount of blood is withdrawn and discarded to prevent contamination of the blood sample and ensure valid lab results. …
Toward cardiac tissue characterization using machine learning and light-scattering spectroscopy.

Significance: The non-destructive characterization of cardiac tissue composition provides essential information for both planning and evaluating the effectiveness of surgical interventions such as ablative procedures. Although several methods of tissue characterization, such as optical coherence tomography and fiber-optic confocal microscopy, show promise, many barriers exist that reduce effectiveness or prevent adoption, such as time delays in analysis, prohibitive costs, and limited scope of application. Developing a rapid, low-cost non-destructive means of characterizing cardiac tissue could improve planning, implementation, and evaluation of cardiac surgical procedures. Aim: To determine whether a new light-scattering spectroscopy (LSS) system that analyzes spectra via neural networks is capable of predicting the nuclear densities (NDs) of ventricular tissues. Approach: We developed an LSS system with a fiber-optics probe and applied it for measurements on cardiac tissues from an ovine model. We quantified the ND in the cardiac tissues using fluorescent labeling, confocal microscopy, and image processing. Spectra acquired from the same cardiac tissues were analyzed with spectral clustering and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to assess the feasibility of characterizing the ND of tissue via LSS. Results: Spectral clustering revealed distinct groups of spectra correlated to ranges of ND. CNNs classified three groups of spectra with low, medium, or high ND with an accuracy of 95.00 ± 11.77 % (mean and standard deviation). Our analyses revealed the sensitivity of the classification accuracy to wavelength range and subsampling of spectra. Conclusions: LSS and machine learning are capable of assessing ND in cardiac tissues. We suggest that the approach is useful for the diagnosis of cardiac diseases associated with changes of ND, such as hypertrophy and fibrosis.
Venture Capital Reputation: A Note

Venture Capital reputation is the perception that a Venture Capital (VC) firm will create value for investors. This note briefly surveys the firm reputation literature, and lists the top 10 most reputed VC firms.
Executive incentives and the horizon problem: An empirical investigation

Abstract This paper investigates the hypothesis that CEOs in their final years of office manage discretionary investment expenditures to improve short-term earnings performance. We examine the behavior of R & D expenditures for a sample of firms in industries that have significant ongoing R & D activities. The results suggest that CEOs spend less on R & D during their final years in office. However, we find the reductions in R & D expenditures are mitigated through CEO stock ownership. There is no evidence that the reduced R & D expenditures are associated with either poor firm performance or reductions in investment expenditures that are capitalized for accounting purposes.
Reversible hyperphagia and obesity in rats with gastric bypass by central MC3/4R blockade.

Objective To test the commonly held assumption that gastric bypass surgery lowers body weight because it limits the ability to eat large amounts of food. Methods Central melanocortin signaling was blocked by ICV infusion of the melanocortin-3/4 receptor antagonist SHU9119 for 14 days in rats whose high-fat diet-induced obesity had been reversed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Results SHU9119 increased daily food intake (+ 100%), body weight (+30%), and fat mass (+50%) in rats with RYGB, surpassing the presurgical body weight and that of saline-treated sham-operated rats. Doubling of food intake was entirely due to increased meal frequency, but not meal size. After termination of SHU9119, body weight promptly returned to near preinfusion levels. In sham-operated rats, SHU9119 produced even larger increases in food intake and body weight. Conclusions RYGB rats do not settle at a lower level of body weight because they cannot eat more food as they can easily double food intake by increasing meal frequency. The reversible obesity suggests that RYGB rats actively defend the lower body weight. However, because both RYGB and sham-operated rats responded to SHU9119, central melanocortin signaling is not the critical mechanism in RYGB rats responsible for this defense.
Integer Algorithms to Solve Linear Equations and Systems

Original integer general solutions, together with examples, are presented to solve linear equations and systems.
MOOSE HABITAT IN MASSACHUSETTS: ASSESSING USE AT THE SOUTHERN EDGE OF THE RANGE

Moose ( Alces alces ) have recently re-occupied a portion of their range in the temperate deciduous forest of the northeastern United States after a more than 200 year absence. In southern New England, moose are exposed to a variety of forest types, increasing development, and higher ambient temperatures as compared to other parts of their geographic range. Additionally, large-scale disturbances that shape forest structure and expansive naturally occurring shrub-willow communities used commonly elsewhere are lacking. We used utilization distributions to determine third order habitat selection (selection within the home range) of GPS-collared moose. In central Massachusetts, forests regenerating from logging were the most heavily used cover type in all seasons (48 - 63% of core area use). Habitat use of moose in western Massachusetts varied more seasonally, with regenerating forests used most heavily in summer and fall (57 and 46%, respectively), conifer and mixed forests in winter (47 - 65%), and deciduous forests in spring (41%). This difference in habitat selection reflected the transition from northern forest types to more southern forest types across the state. The intensive use of patches of regenerating forest emphasizes the importance of sustainable forest harvesting to moose. This study provides the first assessment of habitat requirements in this southern portion of moose range and provides insights into re-establishment of moose in unoccupied portions of its historic range in New York and Pennsylvania.
Automatic Real-Time Analysis of Reactive Systems with the PARTS Toolset

Real-time systems are becoming increasingly widespread, often in safety-critical applications. It is therefore crucial that these systems be corrects however, there are few automated tools for analyzing concurrency and timing properties of these systems. The PARTS toolset uses a Petri-net-based reachability analysis to analyze program specifications written in an Ada-83 subset. Our i>simple time Petri nets are specifically aimed at facilitating real-time analysis. In order to control the state-explosion problem, PARTS employs several optimization techniques aimed at state-space reduction. In this paper we discuss our approach and we report on extensive experiments with several examples of real-time specifications based on Ada 83. When possible, we also compare our experimental results with results obtained by other approaches to real-time analysis.
Sexual Minority Health Disparities in Adult Men and Women in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2010

Objectives. We used nationally representative data to investigate health disparities associated with sexual minority status among adults in the United States.Methods. We analyzed data from 11 114 adults who participated in the 2001 to 2010 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multiple logistic regressions, we examined the prevalence of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, mental health problems, cigarette smoking, and alcohol and illicit drug use in sexual minorities and heterosexual adults.Results. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, sexual minority men had greater odds of mental health problems, testing positive for HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 and self-reported gonorrhea and chlamydia. Sexual minority women had greater odds of mental health problems, testing positive for hepatitis C, smoking, heavy drinking, and illicit drug use.Conclusions. Numerous health disparities continue to face sexual minority men and women in the United States. Notably,...
Switched LANs: A Set of Local Area Networks Interconnected by Switches

This chapter describes the implementation of switched local area networks (LAN). It helps examine the performance of different implementations of LANs connected by switches and hubs. It is noted that there is a limit to how many hosts can be attached to a single network and to the size of a geographic area that a single network can serve. Computer networks use switches to enable the communication between one host and another, even when no direct connection exists between those hosts. A switch is a device with several inputs and outputs leading to and from the hosts that the switch interconnects. The core job of a switch is to take packets that arrive on an input and forward them to the right output, so that they can reach their appropriate destination. A key problem that a switch deals is with the finite bandwidth of its outputs. If packets destined for a certain output arrive at a switch and their arrival rate exceeds the capacity of that output, then a problem of contention is noticed. In this case, the switch can queue, or buffer, packets until the contention subsides.
Information foraging theory

Although much of the hubris and hyperbole surrounding the 1990's Internet has softened to a reasonable level, the inexorable momentum of information growth continues unabated. This wealth of information provides resources for adapting to the problems posed by our increasingly complex world, but the simple availability of more information does not guarantee its successful transformation into valuable knowledge that shapes, guides, and improves our activity. When faced with something like the analysis of sense-making behavior on the web, traditional research models tell us a lot about learning and performance with browser operations, but very little about how people will actively navigate and search through information structures, what information they will choose to consume, and what conceptual models they will induce about the landscape of cyberspace. Thus, it is fortunate that a new field of research, Adaptive Information Interaction (AII), is becoming possible. AII centers on the problems of understanding and improving human-information interaction. It is about how people will best shape themselves to their information environments, and how information environments can best be shaped to people. Its roots lie in human-computer interaction (HCI), information retrieval, and the behavioral and social sciences. This book is about Information Foraging Theory (IFT), a new theory in Adaptive Information Interaction that is one example of a recent flourish of theories in adaptationist psychology that draw upon evolutionary-ecological theory in biology. IFT assumes that people (indeed, all organisms) are ecologically rational, and that human information-seeking mechanisms and strategies adapt the structure of the information environments in which they operate. Its main aim is to create technology that is better shaped to users. Information Foraging Theory will be of interest to student and professional researchers in HCI and cognitive psychology.
Rapid Deamination of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Photoproducts at TCG Sites in a Translationally and Rotationally Positioned Nucleosome in Vivo

Sunlight-induced C to T mutation hot spots in skin cancers occur primarily at methylated CpG sites that coincide with sites of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) formation. The C and 5-methyl-C in CPDs are not stable and deaminate to U and T, respectively, which leads to the insertion of A by the DNA damage bypass polymerase η, thereby defining a probable mechanism for the origin of UV-induced C to T mutations. Deamination rates for T(m)CG CPDs have been found to vary 12-fold with rotational position in a nucleosome in vitro. To determine the influence of nucleosome structure on deamination rates in vivo, we determined the deamination rates of CPDs at TCG sites in a stably positioned nucleosome within the FOS promoter in HeLa cells. A procedure for in vivo hydroxyl radical footprinting with Fe-EDTA was developed, and, together with results from a cytosine methylation protection assay, we determined the translational and rotational positions of the TCG sites. Consistent with the in vitro observations, deamination was slower for one CPD located at an intermediate rotational position compared with two other sites located at outside positions, and all were much faster than for CPDs at non-TCG sites. Photoproduct formation was also highly suppressed at one site, possibly due to its interaction with a histone tail. Thus, it was shown that CPDs of TCG sites deaminate the fastest in vivo and that nucleosomes can modulate both their formation and deamination, which could contribute to the UV mutation hot spots and cold spots.
Fast communication: wideband cyclic MUSIC algorithms

In this paper, we propose two cyclic-MUSIC-like DOA estimation algorithms for wideband cyclostationary signals, the averaged cyclic MUSIC (ACM) algorithm and the extended wideband cyclic MUSIC (EWCM) algorithm. Compared with the existing spectral correlation signal subspace fitting (SC-SSF) algorithm, which was also developed for wideband cyclostationary signals, our new methods have more relaxed requirements on the signals. Simulation results show that under those circumstances, both our methods are superior to the existing SC-SSF algorithm.
Traumatic Truths and the Gift of Telling

This article explores how three modalities of writing dissertation, memoir, and autoethnography negotiate the tensions between poststructuralist and psychoanalytic notions of truth as experienced by survivors of trauma. Although the nebulous nature of truth contrasts with the healing powers of speaking one's truth, this article argues that autoethnography in its experimentally analytic potential to produce meaning in and out of original contexts allows the writer to unearth the multiple truths of trauma. In doing so, the writer/survivor can heal while sharing with others the politics and hope of speaking about our traumatic truths.
Fusion-based Multi-Target Tracking and Localization for Intelligent Visual Surveillance Systems

In this paper, we have presented two approaches addressing visual target tracking and localization in complex urban environment. The two techniques presented in this paper are: fusion-based multi-target visual tracking, and multi-target localization via camera calibration. For multi-target tracking, the data fusion concepts of hypothesis generation/evaluation/selection, target-to-target registration, and association are employed. An association matrix is implemented using RGB histograms for associated tracking of multi-targets of interests. Motion segmentation of targets of interest (TOI) from the background was achieved by a Gaussian Mixture Model. Foreground segmentation, on other hand, was achieved by the Connected Components Analysis (CCA) technique. The tracking of individual targets was estimated by fusing two sources of information, the centroid with the spatial gating, and the RGB histogram association matrix. The localization problem is addressed through an effective camera calibration technique using edge modeling for grid mapping (EMGM). A two-stage image pixel to world coordinates mapping technique is introduced that performs coarse and fine location estimation of moving TOIs. In coarse estimation, an approximate neighborhood of the target position is estimated based on nearest 4-neighbor method, and in fine estimation, we use Euclidean interpolation to localize the position within the estimated four neighbors. Both techniques were tested and shown reliable results for tracking and localization of Targets of interests in complex urban environment.
Modeling the product manifold of posture and motion

Long-term human motion is composed of an ensemble of different activities with varying complexity. This makes it challenging to develop models to accurately estimate human motion. In this paper, we exploit the dependencies that exist between posture and motion for long-term human motion estimation. We propose to model the nonlinear motion manifold as a collection of local linear models, noting that given a particular posture, the variation in motion for that posture can be well-approximated by a linear model. A collection of local linear models is easy to fit and also has the expressiveness to encode several activities in any arbitrary order. Furthermore, to account for the varying complexity of different activities, each local linear model can have a different dimensionality. A collection of local linear models, thus, avoids the limitation of global models that require a uniform dimensionality for the latent motion manifold. This model allows us to linearly regularize motion estimation algorithms over the nonlinear human motion manifold. Our results demonstrate that a collection of local linear models provides an effective representation for the motion manifold when compared to other global models such as the bilinear model [18] and the Principal Component Analysis [14].
Spatial Frequency and Selective Attention to Spatial Location

The effect of spatial attention on the detectability of gratings of different spatial frequency was measured using a probe technique. Three experiments are reported in which the detectability of full-field probe gratings was measured while subjects analyzed stimuli presented in either the central or the peripheral visual field. Selective attention to peripheral stimuli produced a facilitation at low frequencies and a decrement at high frequencies. These effects disappeared under forced-choice presentation.
Correlation between Abundance of Deer and That of the Deer Tick, Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae)

To determine whether the abundance of the northern deer tick, Ixodes dammini is dependent upon that of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Boddaert), the host most frequently parasitized by adult ticks, we compared the relative abundance of deer and of immature ticks on 13 islands in Massachusetts. Abundance of larval I. dammini attached to white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus (Raphinesque), correlated with density of deer pellet groups, and was greatest on islands having resident deer and least on islands with few signs of deer. This relationship did not hold in the case of nymphal ticks. Deer density may largely determine abundance of larvae by affecting success of adult engorgement and subsequent reproduction. The more diffuse distribution of nymphal ticks may, in part, be explained by the tendency of larval (but not adult) ticks to be transported between islands while feeding on birds.
Does impression management really help? A multilevel testing of the mediation role of impression management between personality traits and leader–member exchange

In this present study, we propose a multilevel research framework within which we identify personality traits as the primary source of the positive influence on leader-member exchange (LMX) through the mechanism of impression management behavior. Data are obtained from 23 branches of a large commercial bank in central Taiwan, with the samples collected from both managers and employees forming 228 manager-employee dyads, and thereby avoiding common method variance. Our results reveal that personality traits have significantly positive effects on LMX, with impression management behavior also playing a mediating role between them. Interestingly, we also find that group cohesiveness moderates the relationship between impression management behavior and LMX. Our study includes a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Theory of the Stark effect

Theoretical photoabsorption cross sections for alkali-metal atoms in a static electric field $F$ are derived for energies near the zero-field ionization threshold ($\ensuremath{\epsilon}=0$), extending a previous development for hydrogen. Spectra result from zero-field dipole matrix elements and a density-of-states matrix ${D}_{{l}^{\ensuremath{'}}l}^{F}$. The factors ${D}_{{l}^{\ensuremath{'}}l}^{F}={({〈{\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}|\ensuremath{\Psi}〉}^{\ensuremath{-}1})}_{{l}^{\ensuremath{'}}l}$ represent a renormalization of the photoelectron's wave function ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{l}$ necessitated by the long-range Coulomb plus Stark potential. The matrix ${D}^{F}$ contains all spectral information on quasidiscrete Stark levels and continuum resonances, expressed as an algebraic function of (1) quantum defects ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{l}$ embodying core effects, (2) a frame transformation between spherical and parabolic coordinates in the pure Coulomb field outside the alkali-metal core, and (3) factors ${H}_{{l}^{\ensuremath{'}}l}^{F}$ and ${h}_{{l}^{\ensuremath{'}}l}^{F}$ calculated from asymptotic amplitudes and phases of hydrogen-Stark wave functions of the parabolic dissociation channels. Hydrogenic parameters are calculated semianalytically within the WKB approximation; ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{l}$ and dipole matrix elements are known independently. Predicted cross sections for photoionization of the excited $3^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state of Na agree with experiment. The theory reproduces (a) asymmetric resonances observed at $\ensuremath{\epsilon}l0$, parametrized as a Beutler-Fano profile for a simple case, and (b) the oscillations observed at $\ensuremath{\epsilon}g0$, attenuated by factors $cos2\ensuremath{\pi}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{l}$ from their predicted depth in H. Dependences on light polarization are sorted out for two-photon excitation.
VITAMIN A RECEPTORS: RETINOL BINDING IN NEURAL RETINA AND PIGMENT EPITHELIUM

— With sucrose density gradient analysis, bovine retinal cytosol demonstrates 2S and 7S retinol-binding species; binding in pigment epithelial cytosol is predominantly to a 2S species. Binding of retinol to the 2S component in retina is unaffected by retinoic acid or retinyl palmitate whereas the ester effectively competes for 2S binding in pigment epithelium. Specific retinol binding can also be demonstrated by gel filtration on Sepharose 4B; no high molecular weight (> 100–200,000) retinol binding species are observed by this technique. Both the 2S and 7S binding species in retinal cytosol are protein in nature and differentially susceptible to proteolysis. The 2S and 7S species appear to be separate and distinct since chaotropic agents such as sodium thiocyanate or KCl and CaCl2 do not seem to convert the 7S species into 2S subunits. Scatchard plot analysis indicates high affinity retinol binding to the 2S receptor. Computer analysis of the binding data yields Ka=3 × 108, n = 1, a molecular size of 16,200 and ΔG0=−9.5 kcal/mol.
Age Variations in Resistance of Albino Rat to Diphtheria Bacilli and to Diphtheria Toxin

ConclusionYoung albino rats are more susceptible to diphtheria toxin than are adult animals. No difference seems to exist between young and old rats regarding their resistance to bacillary infection.
Hydrogen compatibility of HT-9 martensitic stainless steel☆

Abstract The hydrogen compatibility of the alloy HT-9 is addressed. The results of tensile tests performed on specimens both in a gaseous hydrogen environment and after cathodic charging are described. The findings show that there is only a small effect of hydrogen (at the levels tested) on the ductility of quenched-and-tempered HT-9. However, larger reductions in ductility are observed for the as-quenched specimens. It is also shown that increasing the hydrogen concentration and the strength level generally increases the likelihood of surface crack initiation which is an indication of a decrease in damage tolerance.
The large-scale structure of the asteroid belt

The distributions of 2888 numbered minor planets over orbital inclination, eccentricity, and semimajor axis are examined, and 19 zones believed to adequately isolate the selection biases in survey programs of the physical properties of minor planets are defined. Six numbered asteroids have exceptional orbits and fall into no zone. Attention is called to rather sharp upper limits, which become increasingly stringent at larger heliocentric distances, on orbital inclinations and eccentricity.
Nonlinear Fowler-Nordheim plots of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in vacuum and partial pressures

In this work carbon nanotubes are studied in order to develop cold cathode materials with efficient field emission characteristics. Randomly aligned Multi-Walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are fabricated using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under different growth conditions. These nanotubes are then tested for their field emission characteristics at different pressures ranging from 2×10−7 Torr to 20×10−3 Torr in Helium gas. Effects of different gases at different pressure on the field emission properties of carbon nanotubes are studied and results are presented. Fowler-Norheim (FN) plots revealed nonlinear slopes for all the samples tested in different background pressures. It is known that the slope of the FN plots gives information about the field enhancement factor of the surface. Therefore, the nonlinearity is attributed to a nonlinear field enhancement factor. These data are used in determining a proper cold cathode material to be used as a trigger electrode for pseudospark switches.
A Unified Approach to Photon and Beta Particle Dosimetry

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a unified method for photon and beta-particle dosimetry. This was achieved by developing a point-source function that is equally valid for photons and beta particles. This function contains four fitting parameters. These were computed on the basis of Berger`s tables for the energy deposition in water by photons from point sources and the distribution of absorbed dose around point sources of beta particles in water. From the point-source function formulas were derived for the absorbed fraction of energy within and outside of spheres containing a uniform distribution of activity. For photons, calculations of the absorbed fraction at the center of spheres were compared with Monte Carlo calculations. The two methods yielded essentially the same results validating the point-source function approach. The results of this work also show that there are absorbed-dose gradients for photons and beta particles as a function of distance from the center of a sphere. These should be taken into account in absorbed-dose calculations. An important feature of the present work is that calculations can be made on the macroscopic, cellular and subcellular levels. The approach employed and results obtained should be particularly useful for tumor dosimetry in radionuclidemore » therapy and applicable to radiobiological studies.« less
Adams, Michael C. C. Living Hell: The Dark Side of the Civil War Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 292 pp., ISBN 978-1-4214-1221-4 Publication Date: February 2014

Once again, Michael C. C. Adams, emeritus professor of history at Northern Kentucky University, has cast a critical eye on a war often celebrated in American history, the Civil War. As he did in hi...
Mutations that permit residual CFTR function delay acquisition of multiple respiratory pathogens in CF patients

Lung infection by various organisms is a characteristic feature of cystic fibrosis (CF). CFTR genotype effects acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), however the effect on acquisition of other infectious organisms that frequently precede Pa is relatively unknown. Understanding the role of CFTR in the acquisition of organisms first detected in patients may help guide symptomatic and molecular-based treatment for CF. Lung infection, defined as a single positive respiratory tract culture, was assessed for 13 organisms in 1,381 individuals with CF. Subjects were divided by predicted CFTR function: 'Residual': carrying at least one partial function CFTR mutation (class IV or V) and 'Minimal' those who do not carry a partial function mutation. Kaplan-Meier estimates were created to assess CFTR effect on age of acquisition for each organism. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to control for possible cofactors. A separate Cox regression was used to determine whether defining infection with Pa, mucoid Pa or Aspergillus (Asp) using alternative criteria affected the results. The influence of severity of lung disease at the time of acquisition was evaluated using stratified Cox regression methods by lung disease categories. Subjects with 'Minimal' CFTR function had a higher hazard than patients with 'Residual' function for acquisition of 9 of 13 organisms studied (HR ranging from 1.7 to 3.78 based on the organism studied). Subjects with minimal CFTR function acquired infection at a younger age than those with residual function for 12 of 13 organisms (p-values ranging: 90%ile) but only 1 of 9 organisms in those with poorer lung function (<50%ile). Residual CFTR function correlates with later onset of respiratory tract infection by a wide spectrum of organisms frequently cultured from CF patients. The protective effect conferred by residual CFTR function is diminished in CF patients with more advanced lung disease.
Transformation of interleukin-3–dependent cells without participation of Stat5/bcl-xL: cooperation of akt with raf/erk leads to p65 nuclear factor κB–mediated antiapoptosis involving c-IAP2

Tyrosine kinase oncogenes such as p210BCR-ABL activate multiple signal pathways. As a result, it is difficult to infer the functional relevance of a pathway acting alone or in cooperation with another. One or 2 second-tier kinases represented in the p21ras and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-kinase) pathways (activated RafCAAX and gag-akt, respectively) were expressed in parental H7 interleukin-3 (IL-3)–dependent myeloid cells. IL-3–dependent cells served, independently, as recipients of p210BCR-ABL, which activated p21ras and PI-3-kinase pathways, including raf/erk and akt, respectively, en route to transformation. By contrast, neither RafCAAX nor gag-akt when expressed in parental cells in isolation produced factor-independent cells. On the other hand, H7 cells expressing both RafCAAX and gag-akt (H7gag-akt/RafCAAX) were transformed. Such transformation in H7gag-akt/RafCAAX was accomplished in the absence of active versions of Shc or cbl, and there was no evidence of Stat activity and only modest amounts of bcl-xL, a Stat5 transcriptional target protein, all of which characterized the cells transformed by BCR-ABL. However, H7gag-akt/RafCAAX cells and H7BCR-ABL cells cultured in the absence of IL-3 shared strikingly increased p65 nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activity. Treatment of cells with a specific NFκB inhibitor, parthenolide, led to loss of NFκB activity and down-regulation of antiapoptotic c-IAP2. In cells with only gag-akt/RafCAAX, this was sufficient to allow polyADP ribosyltransferase (PARP)–degradative apoptosis, but in cells with p210BCR-ABL, apoptosis was blocked, possibly by a Stat5/bcl-xL–dependent mechanism. Therefore, one hematopoietic antiapoptotic program, among others, available to certain tyrosine kinase oncogenes involves a cooperative response between raf/erk and akt, unambiguous components of p21ras and PI-3-kinase pathways, to induce p65 NFκB and c-IAP2.
Helicobacter hepaticus Dps protein plays an important role in protecting DNA from oxidative damage

The ferritin-like DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps) family proteins are present in a number of pathogenic bacteria. Dps in the enterohepatic pathogen, Helicobacter hepaticus is characterized and a H. hepaticus dps mutant was generated by insertional mutagenesis. While the wild type H. hepaticus cells were able to survive in an atmosphere containing up to 6.0% O2, the dps mutant failed to grow in 3.0% O2, and it was also more sensitive to oxidative reagents like H2O2, cumene hydroperoxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide. Upon air exposure, the dps- cells had more damaged DNA than the wild type; they became coccoid or lysed and they contained approximately 6-fold higher amount of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) DNA lesions than wild type cells. Purified H. hepaticus Dps was shown to be able to bind both iron and DNA. The iron-loaded form of Dps protein had much greater DNA binding ability than the native Dps or the iron-free Dps.
Vertical distribution of mercury species at two sites in the Western Black Sea

Abstract The Black Sea is a unique natural laboratory for studying the biogeochemical cycling of mercury (Hg), a toxic metal present at trace levels in natural waters. The strong vertical density gradient in the Black Sea results in little ventilation of deep waters and therefore anoxic and sulfidic conditions at depth. In this way, the water column of the Black Sea resembles the geochemical transition that is observed in coastal sediments. This is of relevance to Hg studies, as coastal sediments are known to be locations of vigorous Hg methylation. Furthermore, the Black Sea supports a rich commercial fishery that could be at particular risk for accumulation of Hg as a result of its unique hydrography and anthropogenic inputs. The concentration of monomethylHg (CH 3 Hg + ) was highest at the top of the suboxic zone in the Black Sea, where dissolved oxygen and sulfide were very low. This is circumstantially consistent with the hypothesis that it is the chemical form of Hg which determines bioavailability and therefore methylation rate and not the activity of sulfate reducing bacteria. Hg concentrations below the suboxic zone increased in tandem with increasing sulfide, and appear to be approximately consistent with cinnabar solubility control. These concentrations (ca. 12 pM) are among the highest reported for an open ocean environment. A preliminary mass balance for Hg in the Black Sea, including source terms such as precipitation, river and Mediterranean water inflow as well as the evasional sink and Bosphorus outflow indicates that a large additional input term is required that is greater than 68 kmol year − 1 . Potential candidates include tectonic-related sources and river-derived pollution. Scaling the total inputs to the Black Sea by area of the basin indicates that this system is comparably impacted by Hg as an urbanized embayment such as Long Island Sound or Chesapeake Bay.
Does School Choice Increase the Rate of Youth Entrepreneurship

Abstract Because entrepreneurial activity is a key source of economic growth, promoting youth entrepreneurship has become a priority for policymakers. School choice programs force administrators and teachers to be more entrepreneurial in their jobs by encouraging innovation and by creating competition and a more business-like environment in K-12 education. Does going to school in this climate make students more likely to become entrepreneurs? In this paper we test whether youth entrepreneurship rates are higher in counties with school choice programs. We find that voucher programs create higher rates of youth entrepreneurship, while charter schools do not, relative to traditional public schools.
Relative Asymmetric Induction in Formation of Substituted Cyclopentanols Via Intramolecular Carjbonyl Additions

Abstract Relative asymmetric induction in intramolecular carbonyl addition reactions has been studied for the first time in a systematic fashion. An empirical model has been proposed to rationalize the results.