cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Operant task performance and corticosterone concentrations in rats housed directly on bedding and on wire

The present experiment was designed to investigate the effect of housing conditions on task performance and corticosterone response. Two groups of male F344BNF1 rats were housed on a ventilated rack with ad libitum access to water and a restricted feeding regime. Group 1 was housed in solid-bottom caging with corn cob bedding, whereas group 2 was housed in wire-bottom caging. After learning an operant task, each rat was exposed to acute restraint followed 48 h later by exposure to continuous light. Corticosterone concentrations were determined before and after exposure to each intervention. Contrary to assumptions, housing did not affect task performance. Baseline corticosterone concentrations were similar for the 2 experimental groups, but corticosterone concentrations were significantly higher for the wire-bottom group than the solid-bottom group immediately after the restraint and remained elevated 2 d later. Corticosterone levels decreased in both groups after exposure to continuous light. Overall, the data indicate that subtle but significant differences occur in responses of rats housed on wire-bottom versus solid-bottom caging when the animals are exposed to acute restraint.
The structure and functions of the mycoplasma membrane.

Publisher Summary The plasma membrane is the site of a great number of essential functions in mycoplasmas, as it is with all organisms, but the membrane assumes an even greater importance with mycoplasmas because of their simplicity and lack of a cell wall. This chapter describes the structure and functions of the mycoplasma membrane. Many mycoplasmas are pathogenic, disease being caused in a number of animal, plant, and insect hosts. Mycoplasma membranes are of particular interest not only because of their involvement in disease because of adhesion to host cells, but also because they provide a system that is most suited to many investigations into the structure and function of biomembranes. Two principal reasons explain their suitability in biomembrane research. First, mycoplasmas grow in synthetic culture media and controlled alterations in membrane composition can be introduced by manipulation of the medium content. Second, mycoplasma membranes are easily prepared free from other cellular material. The composition of a membrane can be altered by its method of isolation. Mycoplasma membranes contain all the cell lipid and one-quarter to one-half of the cell protein. The gross chemical composition of the membranes varies with species but generally falls within the range of 50–60% protein, 30–40% lipid, and 1–3% carbohydrate.
Reactive oxygen species modulate Zn2+-induced apoptosis in cancer cells

Some recent evidence has suggested a protective role of zinc against cancer. The mechanism by which zinc exerts this action has not been defined and, in particular, it has not been clarified whether zinc may directly act on cancer cells and the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect. In this study, we examined the in vitro effect of zinc on the apoptosis of mouse TS/A mammary adenocarcinoma cells, studying the zinc-dependent modulation of the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and of p53 and Fas/Fas ligand pathways. We showed that zinc concentrations ranging from 33.7 to 75 muM Zn(2+) induced apoptosis in mammary cancer cells. The apoptosis was associated with an increased production of intracellular ROS, and of p53 and Fas/Fas ligand mRNA and protein. Zn(2+) induced a faint metallothionein response in TS/A cells in comparison with mouse lymphocytes. The treatment of tumor cells with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine was able to prevent Zn(2+)-induced apoptosis, as well as the increase of p53 and Fas ligand protein induced by zinc. The data demonstrate that zinc exerts a direct action on mammary cancer cells inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis and that the effect may be mediated by the ROS-dependent induction of p53 and Fas/Fas ligand.
Component technology for Stirling power converters

NASA Lewis Research Center has organized a component technology program as part of the efforts to develop Stirling converter technology for space power applications. The Stirling Space Power Program is part of the NASA High Capacity Power Project of the Civil Space Technology Initiative (CSTI). NASA Lewis is also providing technical management for the DOE/Sandia program to develop Stirling converters for solar terrestrial power producing electricity for the utility grid. The primary contractors for the space power and solar terrestrial programs develop component technologies directly related to their goals. This Lewis component technology effort, while coordinated with the main programs, aims at longer term issues, advanced technologies, and independent assessments. An overview of work on linear alternators, engine/alternator/load interactions and controls, heat exchangers, materials, life and reliability, and bearings is presented.
Comparison and analysis of 2-D simulation results with two implosion radiation experiments on the Los Alamos Pegasus I and Pegasus II capacitor banks

Two experiments, PegI-41, conducted on the Los Alamos Pegasus I capacitor bank, and PegII-25, on the Pegasus II bank, consisted of the implosions of 13 mg (nominal), 5 cm radius, 2 cm high thin cylindrical aluminum foils resulting in soft X-ray radiation pulses from the plasma thermalizion on axis. The implosions were conducted in direct-drive (no intermediate switching) mode with peak currents of about 4 MA and 5 MA respectively, and implosion times of about 2.5 /spl mu/s and 2.0 /spl mu/s. A radiation yield of about 250 kJ was measured for PegII-25. The purpose of these experiments was to examine the physics of the implosion and relate this physics to the production of the radiation pulse and to provide detailed experimental data which could be compared with 2-D radiation-magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulations. Included in the experimental diagnostic suites were Faraday rotation and dB/dt current measurements, a visible framing camera, an X-ray stripline camera, time-dependent spectroscopy, bolometers and XRD's. A comparison of the results from these experiments shows agreement with 2-D simulation results in the instability development, current, and radiation pulse data, including the pulsewidth, shape, peak power and total radiation yield as measured by bolometry. Instabilities dominate the behavior of the implosion and largely determine the properties of the resulting radiation pulse. The 2-D simulations can be seen to be an important tool in understanding the implosion physics.
EHL Circular Contact Film Thickness Correction Factor for Shear-Thinning Fluids

An extensive set of full elastohydrodynamic lubrication point contact simulations ha been used to develop correction factors to account for the effect of shear-thinning lubri cant behavior on the central and minimum film thickness in circular contacts under pun rolling condition. T h e film thickness for a shear-thinning lubricant can be easily obtained by dividing the corresponding Newtonian film thickness by the appropriate correction factor. Comparisons of the film thickness values obtained using the correction factor have been matched with the published experimental results pertaining to shear-thinning lubricants with a variety of realistic flow and piezoviscous properties under a wide range of operating speed. The good agreement between them establishes the validity and ver satility of the correction factors developed in this paper.
Dynamics of the metallo-beta-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis in the presence and absence of a tight-binding inhibitor.

A significant determinant for the broad substrate specificity of the metallo-β-lactamases from Bacteroides fragilis and other similar organisms is the presence of a plastic substrate binding site t...
Redox-tunable valence tautomerism in a cobalt Schiff base complex.

A new switching molecular array that interconverts reversibly either by thermal means (valence tautomerism) or by a reversible oxidation process has been established. Such an array is based on the rich electrochemical behavior of the cobalt Schiff base complex 2. The Schiff base ligand can exist in different oxidation forms that interconvert reversibly by means of redox processes and that can be used to obtain stable coordination complexes.
Gifted public servants.

Letters from: [ E. Peter Geiduschek ][1] [ John F. Atkins ][1] Henry Miller's ill-natured commentary (Letters, 12 Apr., [12 Apr., p. 180][2]) on the editorial by Gerald R. Fink (“Bureaucrats save lives,” [1 Mar., p. 1213][3]) requires a response. The National Institutes of Health and the
Long-term assessment of bladder and bowel dysfunction after radical hysterectomy.

Abstract Objective To determine the long-term effects of radical hysterectomy on bladder and bowel function. Methods Subjects included women who underwent radical hysterectomy for early stage cervical cancer between 1993 and 2003. Two contemporary controls who underwent extrafascial abdominal hysterectomy for benign disease were identified for each subject. Identified subjects and controls were surveyed. The Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI) was used to assess symptoms of incontinence, and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ) was used to examine the impact of incontinence on quality of life. The Manchester Health Questionnaire and Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQL) were used to assess anorectal symptoms. Results Surveys were returned by 66 of 209 (32%) subjects and 152 of 428 (36%) controls. Overall, 50% of subjects and 42% of controls reported mild incontinence symptoms; 34% of subjects and 35% of controls reported moderate–severe symptoms ( p =0.72). Incontinence was associated with moderate–severe impairment in 18% of subjects and 14% of controls ( p =0.74). Fecal incontinence symptoms were uncommon, not differing between subjects and controls. Conclusion Urinary incontinence is relatively common after radical hysterectomy, but severe anorectal dysfunction is uncommon. Radical hysterectomy does not appear to be associated with more long-term bladder or anorectal dysfunction than simple hysterectomy.
Design of Circular Infiltration Basin under Mounding Effects

The operation of an infiltration basin is jointly controlled by the infiltration at the land surface and the seepage through the subsurface medium. When the operation of the basin is under a back pressure due to water mounding effects, it takes a prolonged drain time and may cause a failure. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced when the land surface infiltration is greater than the subsurface soil permeability. When selecting a basin site, it is important to assess its subsurface hydraulic adequacy relative to the design infiltration capacity. This study presents a downward axisymmetric stream function by which the required subsurface geometry underneath a circular infiltration basin can be quantified. The infiltrating flow through the unsaturated zone to the ground-water table can be depicted by this potential flow model with the consideration of anisotropic permeability and water mounding at the ground-water table. The required subsurface geometry underneath a basin is found to be related to the radi...
Radiosurgical management of benign cavernous sinus tumors: dose profiles and acute complications.

OBJECTIVE: Radiosurgery has emerged as an alternative treatment modality for cranial base tumors in patients deemed not suited for primary surgical extirpation, patients with recurrent or residual tumor after open surgery, or patients who refuse surgical treatment. We review our short-term experience with radiosurgical management of cavernous sinus region tumors with the Leksell gamma knife. METHODS: From August 1994 to February 1999, 69 patients with cavernous sinus lesions were treated in 72 separate treatment sessions. The tumor type distribution was 29 pituitary adenomas, 35 meningiomas, 4 schwannomas, and 1 paraganglioma. The median follow-up was 122 weeks. Lesions were stratified according to a five-level surgical grade. The grade distribution of the tumors was as follows: Grade I, 13; Grade II, 21; Grade III, 19; Grade IV, 12; Grade V, 4. Median tumor volume was 4.7 cm 3 . The median radiation dose was 15 Gy to the 50% isodose line. Median maximal radiation dose was 30 Gy. RESULTS: Analysis of tumor characteristics and radiation dose to optic nerve and pontine structures revealed a significant correlation between distance and dose. Much lower correlation coefficients were found between tumor volume and dose. One lesion in this series had evidence of transient progression and later regression on follow-up radiographic studies. No other lesions in this series were demonstrated to have exhibited progression. Complications after radiosurgical treatment were uncommon. Two patients had cranial nerve deficits after treatment. One patient with a surgical Grade III pituitary adenoma had Vlth cranial nerve palsy 25 months after radiosurgical treatment that spontaneously resolved 10 months later. A patient with a bilateral pituitary adenoma experienced bilateral Vlth cranial nerve palsy 3 months after treatment that had not resolved at 35 months after treatment. Six patients with preoperative cranial nerve deficits experienced resolution or improvement of their deficits after treatment. One patient with a prolactin-secreting adenoma experienced normalization of endocrine function with return of menses. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgical treatment represents an important advance in the management of cavernous sinus tumors, with low risk of neurological deficit in comparison with open surgical treatment, even in patients with high surgical grades.
How do teachers make judgments about ethical and unethical behaviors? Toward the development of a code of conduct for teachers

Abstract The authors examined the dimensions that underlie teachers' judgments about ethical versus unethical behaviors. 593 educators and teachers in training were administered a 41 item survey. For each item, respondents rated the extent to which they believed the behavior (a) occurred frequently and (b) represented a serious violation of professional standards. Four factors were identified: Personal Harm, Grade Inflation, Carelessness and Public/Private boundary violation. Personal Harm violations were rated as most serious and Carelessness violations most frequent. Professional educators viewed Carelessness violations as less serious than did teachers in training. Implications for a code of ethics for teachers were addressed.
Residual thermal stresses in ceramic composites. Part I: with ellipsoidal inclusions

Abstract Residual thermal stresses in ceramic matrix composites containing ellipsoidal inclusions are analyzed using a modified Eshelby model. Closed-form analytical solutions are obtained; however, their formulations are formidable. When the inclusion is disc-shaped, spherical, or fiber-shaped, simple analytical solutions can be obtained using different models, and they are in excellent agreement with those obtained from the modified Eshelby model. The analytical solutions are compared with the experimental and finite element results. Also, effects of the aspect ratio and the volume fraction of inclusions on residual thermal stresses are examined.
Family and child influences on the peer‐related social competence of young children with developmental delays

Young children with developmental (cognitive) delays experience unusual difficulties in establishing relationships with their peers and developing friendships. A conceptual model of children's peer-related social competence is presented by identifying information-processing and emotional regulation processes governing the production of social strategies occurring during social tasks. Contemporary family factors and children's cognitive, communicative, and behavioral characteristics that influence the development of these processes are discussed and form the framework for designing intervention programs to promote children's peer-related social competence. The interplay between the fields of child development and developmental disabilities is emphasized. MRDD Research Reviews 1999; 5:21–29. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hyperfine splittings in 4p55p configuration of 83Kr using saturated absorption laser spectroscopy.

Hyperfine splittings in the 2${p}_{2}$, 2${p}_{3}$, 2${p}_{8}$, and 2${p}_{9}$ states of the 4${p}^{5}$5p configuration of $^{83}\mathrm{Kr}$ (I=9/2) have been measured using diode-laser optical pumping and saturated absorption spectroscopy. The resulting hyperfine coupling constants are in good agreement with calculated values.
The Influence of Explanations for Selection Test Use, Outcome Favorability, and Self-Efficacy on Test-Taker Perceptions.

Previous research has shown that an explanation for an event can affect reactions to that event. This study examined this effect within a selection context by varying the type of explanation (causal, ideological, referential) and outcome favorability. A sample of 202 undergraduates completed a selection test and reported their perceptions of that test both before and after the outcome was known. Both the type of explanation and outcome favorability interacted with participants' self-efficacy in determining perceptions of validity and fairness. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
The sensitivity of some high-latitude boreal forests to climatic parameters.

A gap model of environmental processes and vegetation patterns in boreal forests was used to examine the sensitivity of permafrost and permafrostfree forests in interior Alaska to air temperature and precipitation changes. These analyses indicated that in the uplands of interior Alaska, the effect of climatic warming on the ecology of boreal forests may not be so much a direct response to increased air temperature as it may be a response to the increased potential evapotranspiration demands that will accompany climatic warmings. On poorlydrained north slopes with permafrost, the drier forest floor reduced the flux of heat into the soil profile. This was offset by increased fire severity, which by removing greater amounts of the forest floor increased the depth of soil thawing and converted the cold black spruce forests to warmer mixed hardwood-spruce forests. On well-drained south slopes, the increased potential water loss reduced available soil moisture, converting these mesic sites to dry aspen forests, or if too dry to steppe-like vegetation. Increases in precipitation offset the effects of increased potential evapotranspiration demands and mitigated these forest changes.
A Cross-Coupled Master–Slave Interleaving Method for Boundary Conduction Mode (BCM) PFC Converters

This paper proposes a cross-coupled master-slave interleaving control method for boundary conduction mode (BCM) power factor correction (PFC) converters. The natural period of every switching cycle of each channel is measured and compared to adaptively determine the master and slave converters, where a converter with a longer natural period becomes master operating in BCM, while a converter with a shorter natural period becomes slave operating in discontinuous conduction mode. The proposed method compensates disturbances within one switching cycle, guaranteeing stable 180° out-of-phase interleaving operation against any transient and disturbance. The proposed method has been implemented and tested on a 400 W interleaved BCM boost PFC prototype converter with a dedicated control IC.
Genomic analysis of gene regulation complexity

With multiple metazoan genomes in each family being sequenced promoter analysis is becoming a useful tool in genomic analysis. Aligning the promoter regions in the DNA of C. elegans and C. briggsae identifies conserved promoter elements. While not all promoter elements are conserved and not all conserved regions are promoter elements, we find that conservation is a useful method for determining promoter complexity. Promoter complexity identifies which genes have particularly interesting regulation, identifying gene groups with a strong promoter complexity signal and cases where a gene's promoter complexity differs from the group's promoter complexity. We identify potential promoter sequence by several local sequence alignment methods. Instead of studying individual promoter elements we are looking at patterns of promoter complexity; the total conserved sequence for each gene gives us a measure for promoter complexity. Monte Carlo random sampling is used to identify Gene Ontology and KEGG Pathway annotated gene groups that appear to have significantly low or high complexity. Developmental genes were found to have low complexity while growth genes have high complexity. Other groups that we expected to have high significance show none at all or had low promoter complexity. Genes contributing to the extracellular region scored high in promoter complexity while basal transcription factors often scored low in complexity. Genes annotated with GO terms transcription factors, signalling genes, genes with multiple alternative splice products, and developmental genes had significant promoter scores. We examined gene expression in the published C. elegans microarray experiments and found a strong positive correlation between gene group expression variation and promoter complexity. Promoter complexity tends to be an accurate predictor of the complexity of a gene's pattern of expression and also gives us another tool to find anomalous genes.
Noise-induced oscillations in an actively mode-locked laser

Oscillations induced by noise are examined for an actively mode-locked laser. Additive noise, proportional noise, and combined noise are considered. Spatial noise is approximated by Hermite expansions and temporal noise is approximated via an approximation of the variance of the random variable using a fourth-order Adams-Bashforth scheme. The approach is verified on a sample problem and used to explore the governing equations for a mode-locked laser. The inclusion of multiplicative noise leads to much wider pulses and much longer intervals between pulses.
Osmotic pressures studied using a simple equation-of-state and its applications

Abstract We have developed new equations for general osmotic pressures based on a simple equation of state for solutions. The present method is a completely different approach (directly solving the osmotic equilibrium), compared with the conventional formulation. The model equations are analytical and valid for the entire range of solute concentrations, but require numerical iterations to solve the osmotic pressure, which can be easily made by a simple Newton–Raphson method. The model calculations reveal highly rich and complex behaviors including critical phenomena in the osmotic pressure. Then, we demonstrate that the present model can be applied successfully to actual osmotic data, such as aqueous polymer solutions and aqueous salt solutions of proteins using a single adjustable parameter, which has a physical meaning.
On degree-preserving homeomorphisms between trees in computable topology

In this paper we first give a variant of a theorem of Jockusch–Lewis– Remmel on existence of a computable, degree-preserving homeomorphism between a bounded strong \({\Pi^0_2}\) class and a bounded \({\Pi^0_1}\) class in 2ω. Namely, we show that for mathematically common and interesting topological spaces, such as computably presented \({\mathbb{R}^n}\) , we can obtain a similar result where the homeomorphism is in fact the identity mapping. Second, we apply this finding to give a new, priority-free proof of existence of a tree of shadow points computable in 0′.
Employers' Opinions on the Attitudes and Skills of High School Graduates

A survey of employers demonstrated that positive attitudes and basic skills developed in high school were more important for recently graduated new employees than was training in specific skills.
Pressure broadening and shift of the first diffuse series doublet of indium due to the presence of helium and argon

Abstract The shift and half-width of In λ 3039 and In λ3256 was measured in Ar and He under pressures up to one thousand p.s.i. The temperature of the absorption tube was 850°C for In λ 3039 and 930°C for In λ 3256. The van der Waals interaction constant for In/Ar was found to be 1·5 x 10 -30 and 8·6 x 10 -31 cm 6 /sec for In λ 3039/Ar and In λ 3256/Ar respectively. In λ 3256 exhibited a small red shift in He for the range of r.d. (from 1 to 16) of He employed.
One Family, Two Households: Rural to Urban Migration in Kenya

Many households in sub-Saharan Africa allocate their labor resources between rural and urban areas to diversify risks and maximize income. One such strategy would be for a husband in a rural area to migrate to an urban area while his wife and family remain in the rural area without any chance of joining the migrant husband in the urban area. The family maintains a rural home and an urban home. This article explores possible determinants of this type of migration using data from Kenya. Nontrivial findings suggest that such migratory behavior may be motivated by agglomeration effects of household size in the rural area, an increase in remittance by the migrant husband to his rural family, a relatively low education for the husband, and a high urban cost of living.
The effect of a magnetic field on the heat transfer characteristics of an air fluidized bed of ferromagnetic particles

Etude experimentale de l'influence d'un champ magnetique exterieur sur les regimes d'ecoulement et sur le transfert de chaleur d'une plaque verticale immergee dans lit fluidise a l'air de particules ferromagnetiques
Determination of column selectivity toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

An empirical test is described for the evaluation of column selectivity in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Using a test mixture of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), overall column selectivity toward PAH was assessed for over 20 different commercial C18 columns. Retention behavior was correlated to phase type (i.e., monomeric and polymeric surface modification chemistry) for custom synthesized phases. A classification scheme is proposed in which commercial C18 columns are grouped into three classes based on retention behavior: monomeric-like, polymeric-like, and intermediate phase selectivity toward PAH. Correlation of retention behavior of the test mixture with the separation of PAH mixtures and with more general column properties (e.g., phase thickness) is discussed.
Competition between phase separation and "Classical" intermediate valence in an exactly solved model

The exact solution of the $\mathrm{spin}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}$ Falicov-Kimball model on an infinite-coordination Bethe lattice is analyzed in the regime of ``classical'' intermediate valence. We find that (i) either phase separation or a direct metal-insulator transition precludes intermediate valence over a large portion of the phase diagram, and (ii) within the intermediate valence phase, only continuous transitions are found as functions of the localized $f$-electron energy or temperature.
Use of specialty substance abuse and mental health services in adults with substance use disorders in the community.

Abstract Aims: To examine the patterns and correlates of use of specialty substance abuse and mental health services among adults with alcohol or non-alcohol drug abuse or dependence in the community. Methods: Analyses focused on 5,568 participants with alcohol or non-alcohol drug abuse or dependence drawn from a large representative cross-sectional survey of the US general population—the 2002 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Results: Only 9.7% of adults with substance use disorders used specialty substance abuse services in the past year; 22.4% used mental health services. Severity of substance use disorder and less education were associated with using substance abuse services. Whereas psychological distress and impairment in role functioning due to psychological problems were associated with mental health service use. Male gender, black race/ethnicity, and lack of health insurance acted as barriers to using mental health services but not specialty substance abuse services. Past year use of substance abuse services, but not mental health services, was associated with lower likelihood of continued use of substances in the past month. Conclusions: Individuals with substance use disorders are more likely to use mental health services than specialty substance abuse services. However, only people who use specialty substance abuse services have a lower risk of continued use of substances. Findings highlight the need for integration of substance abuse treatments in the mental health care system and attention to different barriers to the two types of services.
Carrier multiplication in lead selenide nanorods probed with a superconducting nanowire single photon detector

We study carrier multiplication in colloidal nanocrystals with novel superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. The PbSe nanorods show a ∼80% increase in the multiexciton yield compared to spherical nanocrystals of the same band-gap energy.
Effects of writing about rape: evaluating Pennebaker's paradigm with a severe trauma.

We examined the effect of disclosing to others an attempted or completed rape. Eighty-five undergraduate women who acknowledged attempted or completed rape wrote about their experience and read their narratives. In a 2 × 2 design, we examined the value of writing only factual information versus factual plus emotional information, and reading to oneself versus reading aloud to another woman. Before and 1-month after the task, symptoms of dysphoria, social anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder were assessed. Greater detail and a moderate level of personalization in the description of the trauma were associated with decreased symptoms of dysphoria and social anxiety. Neither the nature of the writing task nor the presence of another woman predicted degree of symptom reduction.
A tribute to Doug Zweizig: An introduction

Biographie et bibliographie de Douglas L. Zweizig, chercheur et enseignant en sciences de l'information
Regulation of corticotype through kinety insertion in Tetrahymena

Insertion of a new ciliary row (kinety) has been documented in cells of Tetrahymena thermophila subjected to certain nutritional shift-down conditions. Under these conditions cells replace their oral structures and become rapid-swimming, dispersal forms. During the oral replacement process cells with 18 or 19 kineties frequently add a kinety to express a corticotype (kinety number) of 19 or 20. Cells of corticotypes 20 or 21 do not change corticotype under these conditions. When cells undergo oral replacement upon entering stationary phase in nutrient medium, no increase in corticotype takes place even when the initial corticotype is 18 or 19. The increase in corticotype thus depends on the occurrence of oral replacement, the initial corticotype, and the nutritional shift-down. Examination of cells stained with protein-silver indicates that a new kinety is inserted near the conclusion of the oral replacement process in a postoral position, between the two pre-existing postoral kineties (1 and n). The process appears to involve the insertion of basal body couplets derived from the newlyformed undulating membrane. This process forms a third postoral kinety. One of the original postoral kineties (n) is eventually extended to the anterior end of the cell to the left of the new oral apparatus. The present findings suggest that cortical stability characteristics are likely to be different under natural conditions, which are likely to involve periodic starvation, than they are under continuous cultivation in axenic nutrient media in the laboratory. It is predicted that under natural conditions a unique stability center near corticotype 20 will be manifested.
Inferring erosional resistance of bedrock units in the east Tennessee mountains from digital elevation data

Abstract Measures of local relief, regional relief, and slope were calculated from digital elevation models (DEMs) for 50 bedrock units in the Ridge and Valley and Blue Ridge provinces of Tennessee. Each of these measures was normalized and the three were then averaged to produce the erosional resistance index (ERI). Bedrock units with higher ERI values include coarse clastics, intermediate clastics, and metaplutonics. Units with lower values include shales, limestones, limestones plus dolostones, and carbonates plus fine clastics. Dolostones tend to have intermediate values. The calculated ERI values were compared with subjective ratings by a geologist with decades of field experience in east Tennessee. Generally, the agreement between the two ratings was good, the most glaring exception being several shales with improbably high ERI values. These turned out to be thin units cropping out beneath very hard sandstones, allowing them to stand higher and steeper than would otherwise be possible. A systematic method for detecting such erroneously high ERI values is suggested. Inspection of a drainage map superimposed on the geology map shows that in a given area, streams tend to flow on rock units with the lowest ERI values. In addition, statistical analysis shows that bedrock units with the lowest ERI values are, on average, almost three times closer to the nearest stream and six times as likely to have streams flowing on them than are units with highest values. Further, the effect of ERI on stream location is strongest for streams with drainage areas between 1 and 30 km2. Thus, small streams appear to be subject to greater lithologic control than are larger streams.
Fluorescent-labeled antibodies: Balancing functionality and degree of labeling

A critical assumption in using labeled antibodies is that the conjugation reaction has no deleterious effects on antibody avidity. This study demonstrates that this assumption need not hold true and presents a methodology to quantitatively determine the degree of inactivation and/or changes in antibody-antigen binding that can occur with conjugation. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was conjugated to a mouse monoclonal antibody, Fc125, against hemagglutinin (HA) using varying fluorophore/protein (F:P) labeling ratios. Antibody binding, as a function of the F:P labeling ratio, was evaluated using a kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and analyzed using global fitting. A two-parameter adjustment of the antibody concentration and the maximum rate was sufficient to describe the rate changes. The concentration parameter dominated the rate changes, consistent with the hypothesis that the coupling reaction inactivated an increasing fraction of the antibody population with a smaller change ( approximately 15% at the highest F:P ratio) in antibody-antigen binding. An optimal F:P ratio that minimized both inactivation and unlabeled antibody was calculated. This procedure can be used to prepare functional, labeled antibody reagents with defined activity and can aid in quantitative applications where the stoichiometry and functionality of the labeled antibody are critical.
Comparison of Ground and Triplet State Geometries of Malonaldehyde

The geometries of the ground and first triplet excited state of malonaldehyde are compared for two distinct configurations of the molecule. The first represents the equilibrium geometry and the second structure corresponds to the transition state for the interamolecular hydrogen transfer. The ground state computations utilize both self-consistent field and Moller–Plesset second-order perturbation theory. The excited state computations employ several different theoretical methods; unrestricted Hartree–Fock (UHF), unrestricted second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (UMP2), CI Singles (CIS), and complete active space self-consistent field (CAS). The geometric parameters obtained for the two configurations are contrasted in both the ground and excited state. The structural differences are related to the extent of hydrogen bonding present, which is compared to the calculated proton transfer barrier. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Positive Sampling in Wavelet Subspaces

Abstract This paper is devoted to the discussion of a “hybrid” sampling series, a series of translates of a nonnegative summability function used in place of an orthogonal scaling function. The coefficients in the series are taken to be sampled values of the function to be approximated. This enables one to avoid the integration which arises in the other series. The approximations based on this hybrid series have certain desirable convergence properties: they are locally uniformly convergent for locally continuous functions, they have quadratic uniform convergence rate for functions in certain Sobolev spaces, they are locally bounded when the function is locally bounded and therefore, in particular, Gibbs' phenomenon is avoided. Numerical experiments are given to illustrate the theoretical results and to compare these approximations with the scaling function approximations.
Steam-Water and Air-Water Capillary Pressures: Measurement and Comparison

Direct comparisons between steam-water and air-water capillary pressures have been few because of the difficulty in experimental measurement. An experimental method was developed to measure both steam-water and air-water capillary pressures using an X-Ray CT technique Spontaneous water imbibition and gravity drainage tests were conducted in ceramic core samples for steam-water and air-water systems, respectively. The results were compared, and it was found that the steam-water capillary pressures were less than the air-water capillary pressures.
CMOS integrated radio frequency dome resonator

Resonant RF MEMS structures can offer excellent performance for integrated sensing and RF signal processing applications. MEMS devices offer small size and low power consumption and improved physical parameters such as FQ product; however, significant impediments to a large scale commercial adoption include: production cost, difficulty of implementation and signal transduction. In this paper, we developed a generic pathway for CMOS-MEMS integration by designing MEMS dome resonators in multiple layers of stacked polycrystalline silicon in standard CMOS back end of line process and demonstrate the quality factor of dome resonator both optically and electrically. In this work, we report the highest FQ product of integrated resonator at micron level using commercial CMOS technology and the lowest operation power.
Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging of Biomolecules using Targeted Nanoparticles

Abstract:Optical microscopy of biological systems is useful for detecting various structures with varying chemical or structural contrasts. In the past, fluorescent tags have been useful as imaging probes of biomolecules. An alternative is to use optical properties of nanoparticles for contrast and detection. The local electromagnetic fields gained from the excitation of conduction band electronics of metal nanostructures can be used to enhance Raman scattering from molecules in close proximity. This effect, the electromagnetic enhancement responsible for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), thus provides a sensitive probe of chemical environments. We have coupled tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) with nanoparticle probes to obtain chemical, structural, and spatial information simultaneously. In protein-ligand interactions, our results show signal enhancements from both the ligand, bound to a nanoparticle probe, and the target protein, thus demonstrating this environmental sensitivity. We are exploring these effects to distinguish the differences between the wild type and mutant proteins, as well as investigating intact cell membranes.
Etale realization on the A1-homotopy theory of schemes

Abstract We compare Friedlander's definition of the etale topological type for simplicial schemes to another definition involving realizations of pro-simplicial sets. This can be expressed as a notion of hypercover descent for etale homotopy. We use this result to construct a homotopy invariant functor from the category of simplicial presheaves on the etale site of schemes over S to the category of pro-spaces. After completing away from the characteristics of the residue fields of S, we get a functor from the Morel–Voevodsky A 1 -homotopy category of schemes to the homotopy category of pro-spaces.
Cross evaluation—A pilot application of a new evaluation mechanism

The work reports some initial success in extending the Rutgers Paradigm of IR evaluation to the realm of concrete measurement, not in information retrieval per se, but in the arguably more complex domain of Question Answering. Crucial to the paradigm are two components: cross evaluation, and an analytical model that controls for the potential problems of cross evaluation. We describe the experimental design and analytical models. In the models, interaction effects are examined and found not to be important. After eliminating the interaction effects, we are able to extract meaningful and useful results from a very small study involving just three analysts, five topics, and two “systems”.
Individual Psychological Factors and Complex Interpersonal Conditions that Predict LGBT-Affirming Behavior

To counter homophobic behavior in schools, research is needed on heterosexual youth who act as allies to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth by engaging in LGBT-affirming behavior (e.g., voicing support, engaging in advocacy, countering homophobia). Among 624 heterosexual high school students (M age = 16.11; 53 % female; 88 % white), this study found that critical thinking, self-reflection, lower sexual prejudice, having more LGBT friends, and having sexual orientation-based discussions with peers were associated with engaging in more LGBT-affirming behavior. Several factors moderated the association between having sexual orientation-based discussions and LGBT-affirming behavior: the association was stronger among youth who described the tone of these discussions as more positive, who more often used positive problem-solving strategies, and who reported low sexual prejudice. The degree to which conversations were challenging did not moderate this association. Finally, having LGBT friends was more strongly associated with affirming behavior for youth who felt more connected and had more sexual orientation-based discussions with these friends. The findings underscore the need for research to identify other factors that prompt heterosexual youth to act as allies to LGBT youth.
The prevalence and treatment of depression among patients starting dialysis

Abstract Background: Depression is common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is associated with increased mortality, but little is known about depression in patients just after they start dialysis therapy. We sought to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with ESRD starting dialysis therapy, identify patient characteristics associated with depression, and determine whether patients with serious depressive symptoms were receiving treatment. Methods: We implemented a multicenter prospective cohort study at 14 dialysis centers in Connecticut. Patients with ESRD who were 18 years and older were interviewed within 10 days of initiating dialysis therapy between November 2000 and July 2001. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate associations between several patient characteristics and depression, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine odds ratios (ORs) for depression, with adjustment for baseline variables. Results: Among 123 patients, 44% (54 of 123 patients) had scores above the validated cutoff value in the BDI for depression. In logistic regression analysis, depression was statistically significantly associated with Caucasian race (OR, 3.4; P = 0.02), lower self-rated quality of life (OR, 2.2; P = 0.003), and no previous acquaintances on dialysis therapy (OR, 10.2; P = 0.03). Only 16% (9 of 54 patients) of depressed patients were being treated at enrollment; 13% (5 of 38 patients) of those with mild symptoms and 25% (4 of 16 patients) with more severe symptoms were being treated. Conclusion: Our results show that depressive symptoms are very common at the start of dialysis therapy, and specific characteristics are associated with a greater burden of depressive symptoms. Despite a high prevalence, treatment rates are low, even among patients with moderate to severe symptoms of depression. Am J Kidney Dis 41:105-110. © 2003 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
I’m With Them: The Effect of Sending Mixed Signals to the Market (WITHDRAWN)

When an actor of uncertain quality enters into a market, that actor’s affiliations with other actors of known status and quality are used as signals by the market to help clarify this uncertainty. Previous literature in economics, management, and sociology has made this point clear and has shown that when these uncertain actors affiliate themselves with high-status others these actors are sending a positive signal to the market and are more likely to reap beneficial returns. However, less is known about how the market reacts to these uncertain actors when they send inconsistent or mixed signals through their affiliations. This research studies mixed signals through within-network affiliations, when high-status actors are present in the affiliation network but do not occupy the highest position within the network’s role hierarchy. Using initial public offerings (IPOs or offerings) data from January 1997 to December 2011 this analysis furthers the status literature finding that the market penalizes firms, i...
Motives and patterns of family reunion travel

The family travel market is growing and family reunion travel is an unexplored niche within this expanding market. This study uses a series of in‐depth interviews to perform a qualitative analysis and to identify patterns and characteristics of the family reunion travel market. The findings from the analysis are classified into two main parts: motivational themes and behavioral characteristics. By exploring family reunion travelers' motivations, researchers can better understand and interpret the behavioral characteristics of family reunion travelers.
Lie Algebras of Vector Fields which Vanish at a Point

On considere les sous groupes de Lie de dimension finie de Diff 1 (M) le groupe des diffeomorphismes 1 d'une variete de dimension finie M. Pour M donne on cherche quels groupes de Lie G peuvent effectivement agir sur M
Filter prototypes comprising singlet and/or in-line sections

A synthesis procedure for the design of filter prototypes comprising singlet and/or in-line sections is presented. Each singlet section realizes a finite-frequency transmission zero without requiring frequency-invariant elements at its non-resonating nodes. Prototypes comprised entirely of singlet sections realize either a lowpass or highpass response. These prototypes can also be easily transformed to in-line prototypes through the usage of simple mathematical expressions. The characteristics of an experimental bandpass filter centered at 915 MHz are reported.
The Perfect Pouch: A March of Dimes Intervention to Enhance Onset and Frequency of Kangaroo Care

Proposed Change Kangaroo care, or skin-to-skin contact, began in 1979 in Bogota, Columbia, as a way to keep infants warm and provide optimal nutrition following birth. Research has shown that Kangaroo care has many benefits for mothers and infants, including increased breast milk supply and greater breastfeeding success. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends skin-to-skin contact as a strategy to increase breastfeeding success. In 2007, a Kangaroo care program for healthy infants and their mothers at the University of Louisville Hospital (ULH) was implemented. However, the philosophy was not adopted as a standard of care until 2010. Strategies were developed to hardwire the process and facilitate a change in practice that supported the use of Kangaroo care.