cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Procedural Justice, Distributive Justice: How Experiences With Downsizing Condition Their Impact On Organizational Commitment:

Previous research demonstrates that both procedural justice and distributive justice are important predictors of work attitudes. This research, however, fails to examine conditions that affect the relative importance of each type of justice. Here we argue that prior experiences with regard to downsizing shape individuals' workplace schemas, which in turn affect the relative salience of each type of justice for organizational commitment. We test hypotheses using data from a nationally representative sample of workers. Only distributive justice predicts organizational commitment among victims of downsizing, while procedural justice is the stronger predictor among survivors of downsizing and unaffected workers. Comparisons across models indicate that procedural justice is a more important predictor of organizational commitment for survivors and unaffected workers than for victims, while distributive justice is more important for victims than for either survivors or unaffected workers. We conclude by discussi...
Vaccines: the Fourth Century

Vaccine development, which began with Edward Jenner's observations in the late 18th century, has entered its 4th century. From its beginnings, with the use of whole organisms that had been weakened or inactivated, to the modern-day use of genetic engineering, it has taken advantage of the tools discovered in other branches of microbiology. Numerous successful vaccines are in use, but the list of diseases for which vaccines do not exist is long. However, the multiplicity of strategies now available, discussed in this article, portends even more successful development of vaccines.
Combining Multiregional Input-Output Analysis with a World Trade Model for Evaluating Scenarios for Sustainable Use of Global Resources, Part II: Implementation

The standard multiregional input-output (MRIO) framework can be combined with the outcomes of analysis using a model of the world economy to calculate footprints and other path-based results for scenarios about the future. A companion article, entitled “Combining multiregional input-output analysis with a world trade model for evaluating scenarios for sustainable use of global resources, part I: Conceptual framework,” describes our approach for extending the reach of MRIO techniques from descriptions of the past to prospects for the future. Here, we demonstrate the mathematics for converting scenario outcomes obtained using an input-output (I-O) model of the world economy to MRIO flow tables and then applying MRIO footprinting techniques to the resulting MRIO database. A numerical example comparing water footprints under alternative scenarios demonstrates that the world model outcomes are a sounder basis for the analysis of scenarios than the standard MRIO approach and identifies the reason why this is so. The approach described in this article integrates two previously distinct lines of research in I-O analysis, enlarging opportunities for collaboration on both the formulation and analysis of scenarios that can provide concrete guidance for longer-term strategies.
Range corrections to three-body observables near a Feshbach resonance

A nonrelativistic system of three identical particles will display a rich set of universal features known as Efimov physics if the scattering length $a$ is much larger than the range $l$ of the underlying two-body interaction. An appropriate effective theory facilitates the derivation of both results in the $\ensuremath{\mid}a\ensuremath{\mid}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ limit and finite-$l∕a$ corrections to observables of interest. Here we use such an effective-theory treatment to consider the impact of corrections linear in the two-body effective range, ${r}_{s}$, on the three-boson bound-state spectrum and recombination rate for $\ensuremath{\mid}a\ensuremath{\mid}⪢\ensuremath{\mid}{r}_{s}\ensuremath{\mid}$. We do this by first deriving results appropriate to the strict limit $\ensuremath{\mid}a\ensuremath{\mid}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ in coordinate space. We then extend these results to finite $a$ using once-subtracted momentum-space integral equations. We take the cutoff on these equations to be large compared to $1∕\ensuremath{\mid}{r}_{s}\ensuremath{\mid}$, and find that the first-order effects of $\ensuremath{\mid}{r}_{s}\ensuremath{\mid}$ are independent of the cutoff in this regime. We also discuss the implications of our results for experiments that probe three-body recombination in Bose-Einstein condensates near a Feshbach resonance.
Evaluation of cervicothoracic junction injury

Cervical spine injury is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the traumatized patient. Little of the trauma literature addresses injury to the cervicothoracic junction (C 7 -T 1 ); we were able to find only two studies that evaluated the incidence of injury in this area. The spinal injury registry of St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center and Barrow's Neurological Institute in Phoenix, Arizona, was reviewed for cervical spine-injured patients. Of the 397 patients with cervical spine injury admitted between January 1980 and June 1985, 37 (9%) had cervicothoracic junction injury. Documentation of signs and symptoms of neck injury was recorded for each patient. All available lateral cervical spine radiographs were evaluated for indirect evidence of injury through the level of C 7 as currently recommended in the trauma literature. Films were reviewed after being masked at the middle of the body of C 7 thereby visualizing the C 6 –C 7 junction. The incidence of C 7 -T 1 injury in our cervical spine-injured population was 9%. Nine of the patients (24%) had a depressed level of consciousness and had neurologic examination that was not diagnostic of spinal injury. All of the cervical injuries in these patients were diagnosed by radiographic evaluation alone. We recommend that adequate visualization of the cervical spine through the cervicothoracic junction must be the standard for trauma care.
Use of the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire in children and adolescents with headache: an Italian pilot study.

Objectives.—To determine the suitability of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Questionnaire for assessing disability in children and adolescents with headache and to obtain preliminary information about disability in different primary headaches. Background.—During the last decade, researchers have begun to employ standardized methodologies to investigate the global impact of primary headaches. Disease-specific instruments have been developed to measure headache-related disability. The MIDAS Questionnaire, which is the most extensively studied of these instruments, was designed to assess the overall impact of headaches over the 3 months before compilation. The MIDAS Questionnaire is an optimal tool to assess headache-related disability in adults. Methods.—Ninety-five patients aged 7 to 17 years with tension-type headache, migraine, or both completed the validated Italian form of the MIDAS questionnaire on 2 occasions. Test-retest reliability was assessed by the Spearman rank correlation test. The Cronbach α assessed internal consistency. The patients answered questions about the adequacy of the questionnaire. Results.—The Cronbach α was .8. Correlation coefficients were generally high for the overall MIDAS score and for the items investigating disability in school and in family/leisure activities; they were lower for the items about housework. Most patients thought that the MIDAS Questionnaire was useful (98.9%) and that it captured the impact of their headaches (58.9%); 41% thought that questions about disability in housework were useless, 44.2% suggested adding questions regarding inability to do homework. All primary headaches had a considerable impact on daily activities, but patients with migraine tended to have lower headache frequencies and lower total disability time; those with tension-type headache suffered more days in which activities, although performed, were substantially impaired. Conclusions.—The MIDAS Questionnaire is useful for assessing disability in children and adolescents with different primary headaches. Minimal changes in the phrasing and content of the items would be sufficient to render the MIDAS specific for the younger population with headache.
Comparison of Pulsed Sinusoid Radio Frequency Interference Detection Algorithms Using Time and Frequency Sub-Sampling

The performance of two major Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) detection algorithms is compared. The peak detection algorithm and the kurtosis detection algorithm are characterized using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for pulsed sinusoid RFI. Downlink data bandwidth is one of the major design factors to be considered when comparing detection algorithms. Results are presented in this paper that compare the kurtosis algorithm performance with an ideally matched peak detection algorithm. The RFI parameters are also varied to analyze the overall detection performance of both algorithms. Factors such as implementation details, resource usage, post-processing and practicality are also addressed for both algorithms.
A Critical Review of ADHD Diagnostic Criteria: What to Address in the DSM-V

ADHD is an impairing psychological disorder that predominantly affects children, but also adults to a lesser extent. As a result, a considerable amount of research has been completed in recent years to better understand the nature of the disorder to best treat individuals experiencing symptoms of ADHD. Especially with the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) (DSM-V) on the horizon, substantial empirical work has been analyzing current ADHD diagnostic criteria and what upcoming changes should be made. Among child and adult populations, adjusting or completely eradicating the age of onset criterion is well supported. With specifically adult populations, amending symptoms to be more developmentally and environmentally appropriate also appears necessary. Even though research additionally questions the state of ADHD subtypes (with both child and adult populations) and other general diagnostic issues (model for diagnosis and level of impairment), continued research is needed to better clarify what other changes should be made in the DSM-V and beyond.
A performance study of multiprocessor task scheduling algorithms

Multiprocessor task scheduling is an important and computationally difficult problem. A large number of algorithms were proposed which represent various tradeoffs between the quality of the solution and the computational complexity and scalability of the algorithm. Previous comparison studies have frequently operated with simplifying assumptions, such as independent tasks, artificially generated problems or the assumption of zero communication delay. In this paper, we propose a comparison study with realistic assumptions. Our target problems are two well known problems of linear algebra: LU decomposition and Gauss---Jordan elimination. Both algorithms are naturally parallelizable but have heavy data dependencies. The communication delay will be explicitly considered in the comparisons. In our study, we consider nine scheduling algorithms which are frequently used to the best of our knowledge: min---min, chaining, A*, genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, tabu search, HLFET, ISH, and DSH with task duplication. Based on experimental results, we present a detailed analysis of the scalability, advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm.
Solitude and Sociability: Wordsworth on Helvellyn

Wordsworth is often viewed as the iconic figure of a Romanticism defined by solitude and introspection. Nowhere is this perception more apparent than in the critical acclaim granted Benjamin Robert Haydon's portrait, Wordsworth on Helvellyn. By looking more closely at the origins and nineteenth-century reception of this portrait, however, we begin to understand this most canonical of images as less isolationist than interactive – as, against expectation, a shining point of departure for thinking about Romantic sociability. Looking to less canonical and intrinsically social genres of painting and writing – portraits and letters – as barometers of Romantic sociability, and also to the Victorian reception of Wordsworth on Helvellyn, this article illuminates an unexpectedly social “Wordsworth.”
Characterization of the in vivo and in vitro inhibition of gastrin secretion from gastrinoma by a somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995)

Abstract Earlier experiments characterized the effect of SMS 201-995 on gastrin secretion from gastrinoma in vivo. The results showed that the somatostatin analogue inhibits basal as well as secretin- and calcium-stimulated gastrin secretion. The current study examined the effect of SMS 201-995 on gastrin secretion from gastrinoma in vitro. Gastrinoma cells were prepared in cell culture or acute cell dispersion to study basal gastrin release. In cell culture, SMS 201-995 at 10 −9 M, 10 −8 M, and 10 −7 M significantly stimulated gastrin secretion (basal medium gastrin, 157 ± 7.9 pg/ml; with SMS 201-995 10 −9 M, 786 ± 62 pg/ml; with SMS 201-995 10 −8 M, 569 ± 72 pg/ml; and with SMS 201-995 10 −7 M, 258 ± 26 pg/ml). In contrast, in acute cell dispersion, the somatostatin analogue inhibited gastrin secretion (basal medium gastrin, 12.8 ± 1.3 ng/ml; with SMS 201-995 10 −9 M, 9.0 ± 0.1 ng/ml; with SMS 201-995 10 −8 M, 8.4 ± 1.5 ng/ml; and with SMS 201-995 10 −7 M, 7.9 ± 0.2 ng/ml). Gastrinoma cells were prepared in cell culture to study the effect of SMS 201-995 on gastrin secretion stimulated by secretin and by post-receptor increases in adenosine cyclic nucleotide. The somatostatin analogue inhibited gastrin secretion stimulated by secretin (10 −6 M) (797 ± 48 pg/ml for secretin alone, compared with 396 ± 9.4 pg/ml for secretin plus SMS 201-995). SMS 201-995 did not inhibit gastrin secretion stimulated by dibutryl cyclic AMP (10 −7 M) (617 ± 62 pg/ml for dibutryl cyclic AMP alone, compared with 778 ± 55 pg/ml for the two together). In vitro, SMS 201-995 inhibits basal gastrin secretion from gastrinoma prepared in acute cell dispersion, but not gastrinoma in cell culture, probably due to differences in basal secretory rates. The effect in vitro is less than that in vivo. SMS 201-995 does not inhibit postreceptor increases in adenosine nucleotide. This indirectly supports the hypothesis that SMS 201-995 acts in gastrinoma cells to inhibit gastrin secretion by inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity.
A contingency approach to estimating record selectivities

An approach to estimating record selectivity rooted in the theory of fitting a hierarchy of models in discrete data analysis is presented. In contrast to parametric methods, this approach does not presuppose a distribution pattern to which the actual data conform; it searches for one that fits the actual data. This approach makes use of parsimonious models wherever appropriate in order to minimize the storage requirement without sacrificing accuracy. Two-dimensional cases are used as examples to illustrate the proposed method. It is demonstrated that the technique of identifying a good-fitting and parsimonious model can drastically reduce storage space and that the implementation of this technique requires little extra processing effort. The case of perfect or near-perfect association and the idea of keeping information about salient cells of a table are discussed. A strategy to reduce storage requirement in cases in which a good-fitting and parsimonious model is not available is proposed. Hierarchical models for three-dimensional cases are presented, along with a description of the W.E. Deming and F.F. Stephan (1940) iterative proportional fitting algorithm which fits hierarchical models of any dimensions. >
Experiences in using immersive virtual characters to educate medical communication skills

This paper presents a system which allows medical students to experience the interaction between a patient and a medical doctor using natural methods of interaction with a high level of immersion. We also present our experiences with a pilot group of medical and physician assistant students at various levels of training. They interacted with projector-based life-sized virtual characters using gestures and speech. We believe that natural interaction and a high level of immersion facilitates the education of communication skills. We present the system details as well as the participants' performance and opinions. The study confirmed that the level of immersion contributed significantly to the experience, and participants reported that the system is a powerful tool for teaching and training. Applying the system to formal communication skills evaluation and further scenario development will be the focus of future research and refinement.
Sexual selection favours male parental care, when females can choose

Explaining the evolution of male care has proved difficult. Recent theory predicts that female promiscuity and sexual selection on males inherently disfavour male care. In sharp contrast to these expectations, male-only care is often found in species with high extra-pair paternity and striking variation in mating success, where current theory predicts female-only care. Using a model that examines the coevolution of male care, female care and female choice; I show that inter-sexual selection can drive the evolution of male care when females are able to bias mating or paternity towards parental males. Surprisingly, female choice for parental males allows male care to evolve despite low relatedness between the male and the offspring in his care. These results imply that predicting how sexual selection affects parental care evolution will require further understanding of why females, in many species, either do not prefer or cannot favour males that provide care.
Rapid Thermal Annealing of Composite TaSi2/n+ Poly-Si Silicide Films

The formation of composite TaSi 2 /n + Poly-Si silicide films through the use of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) is investigated by x-ray diffraction, four point probe, scanning Auger microprobes (SAM) with ion sputter etching, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. 0.2 μm polysilicon is deposited on oxidized Si wafer by LPCVD and doped with phosphorus. A layer of 2200 A TaSi x is then co-sputtered on polysilicon samples from separate targets. These as-deposited films are then annealed by RTA in an argon ambient for 1 sec. and 10 sec. at various temperatures. X-ray diffraction and SAM results show the rapid formation of a uniform stoichiometric tantalum disilicide via Si migration from polysilicon. TEM micrographs show simlilar results for samples annealed at 1000°C in furnace for 30 min. or by RTA for 1 sec., exhibiting average grain size greater than 1000 A. Sheet resistance of samples annealed by furnace annealing and RTA are comparable. SEM micrographs indicate that the surface morphology of the RTA-annealed sample is superior to that obtained by furnace annealing. These results show that RTA may offer a practical solution to low-resistivity silicide formation in VLSI circuits.
A COLOR SCANNER AS A DIGITAL RECORDING POLARISCOPE

SUMMARY The use of a color scanner as a digital recording polariscope was found to be beneficial in certain applications, such as the imaging of frozen-stress models and 2-D photoelastic coatings. Particular benefits of using a scanner-based polariscope system include its high degree-of-resolution, ease-of-use, and relatively low cost in comparison to other recording methods. The relatively shallow depth-of-field of a scanner is a limitation of this method, allowing only the use of 2-D photoelastic specimens. Investigation into methods for automated analysis of scanned fringe images is currently being conducted.
marine Protected areas in Panama: grassroots activism and advocacy

In Latin America, the role of the state in funding and implementing environmental protection has been consistently inadequate. As alternative responses develop, national and international conservation NGOs replace governments in the quest for environmental sustainability. The environmental discourses and practices—and the morality accompanying resource use and conservation—privileged by the donor organizations become the environmental truth by which environmental sustainability is planned and designed. The goal of this article is to contribute to the more recent literature on power dynamics product of the collaboration among allies in global environmental and indigenous rights issues. It addresses the alliances developed among North American conservationist organizations, Panamanian authorities and NGOs, and Ngobe indigenous peoples to create a master plan for the management of a marine protected area in the Archipelago of Bocas del Toro, Panama. I focus on the conflicts among apparent allies in the quest...
Magnetic Inducement of Texture in Ba2YCu3O6.9 Particle Assemblies under Cryogenic Conditions

The properties of Ba2YCu3O6.9 in the superconducting state and anisotropic behavior can be used to texture polycrystalline samples. Application of a relatively small magnetic field while a particle assembly is immersed in liquid nitrogen preferentially orients the particles so that their c axes are perpendicular to the direction of the applied field.
NetBill: an Internet commerce system optimized for network-delivered services

NetBill is a business model set of protocols, and software implementation for commerce in information goods and other network-delivered services. It has very low transaction costs for micropayments (around 1 cent for a 10 cent item), protects the privacy of the transaction, and is highly scalable. Of special interest is the authors new certified delivery mechanism which delivers information goods if and only if the consumer has paid for them. The article discusses the design of the NetBill protocol and the authors' World Wide Web (WWW) prototype implementation. As the explosive growth of the Internet continues, more people rely on networks for timely information. However, since most information on the Internet today is free, intellectual property owners have little incentive to make valuable information accessible through the network. There are many potential providers who could sell information on the Internet and many potential consumers for that information. What is missing is an electronic commerce mechanism that links the merchants and the consumers. NetBill is a business model, set of protocols, and software implementation allowing consumers to pay owners and retailers of information. While NetBill will enable a market economy in information, it is still expected that there will be an active exchange of free information. >
Fabrication of Al-SiC Composites Using a Hot-Forging Technique and Their Thermal Conductivity

Aluminum-silicon carbide composite heat spreaders having high thermal conductivity were successfully fabricated by a hot-forging technique, and the effect of an interfacial reaction between Al and SiC on the thermal conductivity of the composites was quantified by X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculations. Al-SiC composites with SiC dispersions were fabricated by forging pure Al-SiC powder compacts at a variety of temperatures, under a high pressure of 900MPa. At forging temperatures below the melting point of Al, porous specimens were obtained, resulting in low thermal conductivity. In contrast, fully-densified specimens having high thermal conductivity were obtained at forging temperatures above the melting point. The interfacial reaction between the Al matrix and the SiC particles produced an interfacial reaction layer of Al4C3, the thickness of which increased with increasing forging temperature. Calculation of the theoretical thermal conductivities of the composites using the Hasselman's model suggests that the increased forging temperature decreases the thermal barrier conductance of the Al-SiC interface, decreasing the overall thermal conductivity of the Al-SiC composites.
Poor Vision and Self-Reported Functional Difficulties among Recently Hospitalized Individuals in the United States

ABSTRACTPurpose: Many hospitalized adults may have limited vision and as a result be at increased risk of worse functional outcomes. Here, we determine the prevalence of poor vision among recently hospitalized United States adults. Additionally, we evaluate the impact of objective vision defects on reading difficulty and external mobility outcomes (difficulty with falls and going down steps).Methods: Our cross-sectional study included 1,347 adult Americans aged 50 years and older, all recently hospitalized, participating in the 2001–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Self-reported difficulty with reading and going down steps/stairs/curbs data were collected for all participants, while data on self-reported falling difficulty were only available for the 2001–2004 NHANES (n=631). Presenting near and distance visual acuity (VA) were measured, with poor vision defined as VA worse than 20/40.Results: Poor near and distance vision were present in 17.4% and 9.8% of individuals, respe...
Sound localization by robot using inter-aural time differences

Sound localization methods seek to determine the location of a sound source. The human brain uses several aspects of a perceived sound to localize the source: inter-aural differences in time-of-arrival, intensity and frequency content all contribute to determining the location of a sound. In a robot, two microphones may be used to compute the direction to a sound source based in inter-aural time differences. However, a two microphone scheme cannot distinguish a source in front from one that is behind. Here, we present a method that allows a robot to localize the source angle (azimuth) in the horizontal plane by using three microphones. We show how three microphones can be used to compute the source location in all directions including back. The hardware configuration and the test results are also reported. This capability provides students with the opportunity to incorporate sound localization into advanced programming and independent study projects involving robots.
Challenges in Designing and Implementing Large Systems (Overcoming Cost Overruns and Missed Project Schedules)

People have developed many imaginative and innovative systems in all fields of human endeavor to satisfy human and societal needs. These systems were designed to satisfy a specific set of goals, or functional requirements (FRs), within a set of constraints (Cs). One of the major goals is to develop and deliver the final functioning system on time and within the original budget. Sometimes, achieving these goals at all times has been challenging. Many highly publicized projects, such as the new Berlin Airport, the F-35 fighter airplane, Boston’s underground highway (“The Big Dig”), the new Berlin Airport, and the US healthcare system, have missed their original cost estimates and delivery schedules. These projects have been staffed with some of the most experienced, skilled, and intelligent engineers and managers, who put in countless hours to ensure their success. Yet they failed in terms of two important metrics: budget and delivery time. While there were most likely non-technical factors such as continuously changing requirements and constraints that affected the outcomes of these projects, in many cases, the basic root cause may be attributed to coupling of FRs. This paper supports this conclusion by using the systems the author has designed in the past as examples. Some of these systems are technical, and some are non-technical. Finally, a theorem is presented on one of the root causes of cost overruns and missed schedules.
Temporal variability in the Antarctic Polar Front (2002–2014)

We investigate intra-annual to interannual variability in the Antarctic Polar Front (PF) using weekly PF realizations spanning 2002 to 2014 (found at doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.855640). While several PF studies have used gradient maxima in sea surface temperature (SST) or height to define its location, results from this study are based on a PF defined using SST measurements that avoid cloud contamination and the influence of steric sea level change. With a few regional exceptions, we find that the latitudinal position of the PF does not vary seasonally, yet its temperature exhibits a clear seasonal cycle. Consistent with previous studies, the position and intensity of the PF is largely influenced by bathymetry; generally, over steep topography we find that the front intensifies and interannual variability in its position is low. We also investigate drivers of PF variability in the context of large-scale climate variability on various spatial and temporal scales, but find that the major modes of Southern Hemisphere climate variability explain only a tiny fraction of the interannual PF variance. Over the study time period, the PF intensifies at nearly all longitudes while exhibiting no discernible meridional displacement in its zonal mean path. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Visibility thresholds for visually lossy JPEG2000

Recently, Han et. al. developed a method for visually lossless compression using JPEG2000. In this method, visibility thresholds (VTs) are experimentally measured and used during quantization to ensure that the errors introduced by quantization are below these thresholds. In this work, we extend the work of Han et. al. to visually lossy regime. We propose a framework where a series of experiments are conducted to measure Just-Noticeable-Differences using the quantization distortion model introduced by Han et. al. The resulting thresholds are incorporated into a JPEG2000 encoder to yield visually lossy, JPEG2000 Part 1 compliant codestreams.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Magnesium Acrylate) and Poly(Zirconyl Acrylate) towards the Formation of Magnesium Partially Stabilized Zirconia Ceramics

Ceramics are no longer only traditional materials such as porcelain and earthenware. Today, the term “ceramics” covers a wide range of inorganic materials that includes not only traditional materials but also some glass, cement and concrete, and special or advanced ceramics. Most advanced ceramics, such as zirconia ceramics, can not be successfully manufactured using traditional ceramic processes because they require high purity materials and more carefully controlled compositions. Chemical methods have been used in attempts to achieve modern ceramic materials. The present approach is a new approach and is aimed at providing a method of controlling mixing on a molecular level.
Screening and Assessment of Trauma in Clinical Populations

Clinicians should be prepared to screen for and assess trauma in LGBT populations given the prevalence of trauma among these patients. A trauma-informed context (awareness, safety, and autonomy) optimizes these efforts. Specialized screening and assessment considerations are relevant given the unique cultural context experienced by LGBT people, and clinicians can play a crucial role in facilitating resilience in those who have experienced trauma. Clinicians should tailor assessment instruments to evaluate LGBT-specific traumatic and stressful experiences. Healthcare providers should approach LGBT individuals with openness, humility, and a genuine curiosity to understand.
Gray Areas in Isolated Intersection Control-Type Selection: Complementary Decision-Support Tool

AbstractThe intersection control-type selections for future facilities can be determined by comparison of a common measure of effectiveness that is average control delay. However, rigid comparisons...
After Shocks: Exploring the Relationships between Transitional Justice and Resilience in Post-Conflict Societies

This chapter considers the potential relationships between transitional justice and resilience in post-conflict settings. It begins by reviewing the uses of the concept of resilience in policy and academic literatures. Next, it examines the circumstances in which resilience and transitional justice may either support or undermine each other. Although much depends upon the particular circumstances before, during, and after the conflict, transitional justice seems most likely to promote resilience when it is designed and implemented primarily by local people and in ways that accentuate existing strengths of the social system.
Anti-IL-12/IL-23p40 antibody ameliorates dermatitis and skin barrier dysfunction in mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis.

Abstract Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema, skin hyperplasia, scales, and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. While the cause of psoriasis is not clearly understood, a dysregulated immune system, especially activation of IL-23/IL-17 axis, has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. For example, anti-IL-23 therapy is effective in psoriasis patients, and thus IL-23 is considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of psoriasis. The skin barrier provides protection of the human body against infection from external pathogens. Dysfunction of the skin barrier is also one of the characteristics in psoriasis and is correlated with disease severity. However, there have been no reports regarding the effectiveness of antipsoriatic agents on the skin barrier dysfunction of psoriasis. In this study, we examined the effect of anti-IL-12/IL-23p40 monoclonal antibody (p40 mAb) on dermatitis symptoms and skin barrier dysfunction in mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. We found that p40 mAb suppressed epidermal thickness and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as indicator for skin barrier function with accompanying suppression of IL-23p19, IL-17A, IL-22, and keratin 16 gene expression. These results suggest that p40 mAb is not only effective against dermatitis symptoms but also skin barrier dysfunction in mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. This is the first report on the effect of p40 mAb on skin barrier dysfunction related to psoriasis. Taken together, our results indicate the possibility of new insights as well as the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-23 for the treatment of psoriasis.
Organizational Configurations in Medical Group Practices: A Test of Porter's Generic Strategies

Research in the field of organizational configurations (OC) involves the formation of groups of firms that are similar to each other on certain characteristics, and dissimilar from other groups, an...
Reticulum cell sarcoma of the large intestine. The role of fiberoptic colonoscopy.

A case of multicentric reticulum cell sarcoma with a localized colonic lesion is discussed. The history of a previously resected adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon increased the diagnostic dilemma in this patient. Of the preoperative diagnostic techniques used, only fiberoptic colonoscopy and biopsy provided an accurate diagnosis. Colonoscopy also allowed direct assessment of colonic obstruction secondary to the lymphoma.
Single-Ion Contributions to Activity Coefficient Derivatives, Second Moment Coefficients, and the Liquid Junction Potential

We discuss several interrelated single-ion thermodynamic properties required to calculate the liquid junction potential Ψ between two solutions of the same binary electrolyte. According to a previously reported molecular theory of nonuniform electrolyte solutions in nonequilibrium, Ψ is determined by the transport numbers of the ions, and by the second moment coefficients Hα(2) of the charge densities around the ions. The latter may be viewed as the single-ion contributors to the second moment condition of Stillinger and Lovett. For a solution of a single binary electrolyte, we relate the Hα(2) (R) to the derivatives of the single-ion activity coefficients γα with respect to the ionic strength. In the light of these results, we examine, in some detail, the role played by the specific short-range interionic interactions in determining Ψ. We investigate this matter by means of integral equation calculations for realistic models of LiCl and NaCl aqueous solutions in the 0–1 mol-dm−3 range. In addition to the hypernetted-chain (HNC) relation, we perform calculations under a new integral equation closure that is a hybrid between the HNC and Percus–Yevick closures. Like the HNC approximation, the new closure satisfies the Stillinger and Lovett condition. However, for the models considered in this study, the two closures predict different dependence of the Hα(2) and of Ψ on the specific part of the interionic interactions.
Non-Intrusive Activity Detection and Prediction in Smart Residential Spaces

Non-intrusive human activity detection and prediction is an important and challenging problem in smart and pervasive spaces. The advantages of such a design are the reduced dependency on the users and fewer security/privacy concerns. However, these also make it difficult to effectively and accurately understand the activities in real-time. In residential spaces, this can be even a bigger challenge due to nonuniform space boundaries and multiple people sharing the space. In this paper, we present a system, that consists of both hardware and software components, capable of detecting and predicting human activities in a smart residential environment. Our system deploys a finite state machine-based activity detection with 96% accuracy in real-time. Afterwards, we use several machine learning methods to create an effective activity prediction framework. We demonstrate that we can achieve up to 98.5% activity prediction accuracy with 4ms delay, making it a perfect real-time system example. Since our smart and pervasive space implementation does not use any intrusive sensor or data acquisition unit (such as wearables, camera, or audio sources), we reduce the dependency to the user and potential security/privacy issues.
What health records data are required for accurate prediction of suicidal behavior

Objective The study sought to evaluate how availability of different types of health records data affect the accuracy of machine learning models predicting suicidal behavior. Materials and methods Records from 7 large health systems identified 19 061 056 outpatient visits to mental health specialty or general medical providers between 2009 and 2015. Machine learning models (logistic regression with penalized LASSO [least absolute shrinkage and selection operator] variable selection) were developed to predict suicide death (n = 1240) or probable suicide attempt (n = 24 133) in the following 90 days. Base models were used only historical insurance claims data and were then augmented with data regarding sociodemographic characteristics (race, ethnicity, and neighborhood characteristics), past patient-reported outcome questionnaires from electronic health records, and data (diagnoses and questionnaires) recorded during the visit. Results For prediction of any attempt following mental health specialty visits, a model limited to historical insurance claims data performed approximately as well (C-statistic 0.843) as a model using all available data (C-statistic 0.850). For prediction of suicide attempt following a general medical visit, addition of data recorded during the visit yielded a meaningful improvement over a model using all data up to the prior day (C-statistic 0.853 vs 0.838). Discussion Results may not generalize to setting with less comprehensive data or different patterns of care. Even the poorest-performing models were superior to brief self-report questionnaires or traditional clinical assessment. Conclusions Implementation of suicide risk prediction models in mental health specialty settings may be less technically demanding than expected. In general medical settings, however, delivery of optimal risk predictions at the point of care may require more sophisticated informatics capability.
Phosphatidic acid drives mTORC1 lysosomal translocation in the absence of amino acids

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) promotes cell growth and proliferation in response to nutrients and growth factors. Amino acids induce lysosomal translocation of mTORC1 via the Rag GTPases. Growth factors activate Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb), which in turn activates mTORC1 at the lysosome. Amino acids and growth factors also induce the phospholipase D (PLD)–phosphatidic acid (PA) pathway, required for mTORC1 signaling through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Here, using human and murine cell lines, along with immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, endocytosis, PLD activity, and cell viability assays, we show that exogenously supplied PA vesicles deliver mTORC1 to the lysosome in the absence of amino acids, Rag GTPases, growth factors, and Rheb. Of note, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of endogenous PLD prevented mTORC1 lysosomal translocation. We observed that precancerous cells with constitutive Rheb activation through loss of tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 2 (TSC2) exploit the PLD–PA pathway and thereby sustain mTORC1 activation at the lysosome in the absence of amino acids. Our findings indicate that sequential inputs from amino acids and growth factors trigger PA production required for mTORC1 translocation and activation at the lysosome.
Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes

Abstract Unprecedented rates of biodiversity loss and intensifying human attempts to rectify the biodiversity crisis have heightened the need for standardized, large-scale, long-duration biodiversity monitoring at fine temporal resolution. While some innovative technologies such as passive acoustic monitoring are well suited for such monitoring challenges, many questions remain as to how they should be scaled out and optimally implemented across ecosystems. Our research questions center on temporal sampling regimes—how frequently and how long one should collect data to represent biodiversity conditions over a given timeframe. Addressing this concern in the context of passive acoustic monitoring, we investigated whether temporal soundscape variability—the characteristic short-term acoustic change in an environment—is consistent across ecosystems and times of day, and we considered how various temporal subsampling schemes affect the representativeness of resultant acoustic index values, relative to continuous sampling. We quantified soundscape variability at eight sites across four continents based on temporal autocorrelation ranges and standard deviations of acoustic index values, and we created a heuristic model to classify types of soundscape variability based on those two variables. Drawing on values derived from three distinct acoustic indices, we found that the characteristic temporal variability of soundscapes varied between sites and times of day (dawn, daytime, dusk, and nighttime). Some sites exhibited little difference in variability between times of day whereas other sites exhibited greater within-site differences between times of day than many inter-site differences. Daytime soundscapes generally tended to exhibit more temporal variability than nighttime soundscapes. We also compared potential subsampling schemes that could be advantageous in terms of power, data storage, and data analysis costs by modeling subsample error as a function of total analysis time and number of subsamples within a larger block of time. Greater numbers of evenly distributed subdivisions drastically increased the representativeness of a sampling scheme, while increases in subsample duration yielded fairly minimal gains in representativeness between 33 and 67% of the full time one wishes to represent. Generally, our results show that for a long-term, fine temporal resolution monitoring program, one should record in evenly distributed durations at least as short as 1 min while only recording up to a third of the time one wishes to represent. While more continuous monitoring can be advantageous and necessary in many cases, current economic and logistical limitations in power, data storage, and analysis capabilities will often warrant optimized subsampling designs.
Correlation of ductus arteriosus length and morphology between computed tomographic angiography and catheter angiography and their relation to ductal stent length

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stent placement in infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow is being increasingly used in clinical practice. To correlate computed tomographic (CT) angiography morphology and length of the PDA with catheter angiography and its relation to eventual PDA stent length. We retrospectively identified all pediatric patients who underwent PDA stenting at our institute from 2004 to 2018. We included children who had CT angiography prior to stenting. PDA length was measured by a radiologist blinded to the catheter angiography data, using Syngo-via post-processing software (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Vessel centerline technique was used. We measured the actual length of the duct as well as straight length between aortic and pulmonary ends. PDA morphology tortuosity index was classified as straight (Type I), mildly tortuous with 1 turn (Type II) and tortuous with >1 turn (Type III), and the PDA origin was noted. The PDA was also measured and morphology classified on catheter angiography by an interventional cardiologist blinded to the CT angiography findings. We compared the CT angiography and catheter angiography lengths, straight lengths and stent length using scatter plots and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A total of 83 children who had PDA stenting were identified, of whom 17 had prior CT angiography. Fifteen of these were neonates. There was agreement between CT angiography and catheter angiography regarding the PDA morphology tortuosity index in 94% of cases and PDA origin in 100% of cases. There was moderate agreement between CT angiography and catheter angiography actual and straight PDA lengths, with ICC coefficients of 0.65 and 0.68, respectively. There was moderate agreement between CT angiography actual length, CT angiography straight length, catheter angiography actual length and eventual stented PDA length, with ICCs of 0.57, 0.67 and 0.73, respectively. There was poor agreement between catheter angiography straight length and eventual stented PDA length, with an ICC of 0.39. PDA length and morphology description on CT angiography correlates well with catheter angiography and can be a reliable guide for the interventional cardiologist in decision-making regarding appropriate choice of PDA stent length.
The social spaces of surveillance in early modern military architecture

Art-of-war literature provided instruction on a wide range of social practices, from the logistics of war and military engineering to guidelines for the development of military moral codes. Spanish...
The Right to Repair in a Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for explicit rights to repair needed medical products during emergencies. Current law may deter such actions because of the risk of private intellectual property infringement liability, and contracts may also prohibit making legitimate repairs. Congress should consider adopting limited exceptions to infringement to assure the ability to make repairs.