cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a glycoprotein isolated from a continuous tumor-cell line of human lung carcinoma

A glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 62 000 has been isolated from a tumor-cell line, A549, and purified to homogeneity by gel chromatography. The glycoprotein contained sialic acid, galactose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine and a relatively high amount of glutamic acid and proline. The data indicated that the overall composition of this glycoprotein was different from that of the glycoprotein of Mr 62 000 isolated from lung lavage of patients with alveolar proteinosis. The glycoprotein did not react with the antiserum from lung lavage of patients with alveolar proteinosis. The glycoprotein did not react with the antiserum raised against glycoprotein of Mr 62 000 isolated from lung lavage of patients with alveolar proteinosis.
Physicochemical Properties of Binary Ionic Liquid−Aprotic Solvent Electrolyte Mixtures

The properties of mixtures of ionic liquids (ILs) with a variety of different aprotic solvents have been examined in detail. The ILs selected—bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI–) salts with N-methyl-N-pentylpyrrolidinium (PY15+), -piperidinium (PI15+), or -morpholinium (MO15+) cations—enabled the investigation of how cation structure influences the mixture properties. This study includes the characterization of the thermal phase behavior of the mixtures and volatility of the solvents, density and excess molar volume, and transport properties (viscosity and conductivity). The mixtures with ethylene carbonate form a simple eutectic, whereas those with ethyl butyrate appear to form a new IL–solvent crystalline phase. Significant differences in the viscosity of the mixtures are found for different solvents, especially for the IL-rich concentrations. In contrast, only minor differences are noted for the conductivity with different solvents for the IL-rich concentrations. For the solvent-rich concentratio...
Puberty, hormones, and sex differences in alcohol abuse and dependence

Sex differences in patterns of drinking and rates of alcohol abuse and dependence begin to emerge during the transition from late puberty to young adulthood. Increases in pubertal hormones, including gonadal and stress hormones, are a prominent developmental feature of adolescence and could contribute to the progression of sex differences in alcohol drinking patterns during puberty. This paper reviews experimental and correlational studies of gonadal and stress-related hormone changes and their effects on alcohol drinking and other associated actions of alcohol. Mechanisms are suggested by which reproductive hormones and stress-related hormones may modulate neural circuits within the brain reward system to produce sex differences in alcohol drinking patterns and vulnerability to alcohol abuse and dependence which become apparent during the late pubertal period.
X-ray-absorption study of CuBr at high pressure

The x-ray-absorption spectrum of cuprous bromide has been measured as a function of pressure. The x-ray-absorption near-edge structure proved to be an excellent indicator of high-pressure phase transitions in this material. The normalized ``white-line'' peak heights at both the Cu and Br K edges decreased on entering the tetragonal phase and increased in going to the NaCl structure. The zinc-blende to tetragonal phase transition took place over a very narrow pressure range centered at 46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 kbar. The transformation from the tetragonal to the NaCl structure, on the other hand, showed a broad mixed-phase region, suggesting a nucleation-and-growth mechanism for the transition. The mixed-phase region was centered at 75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6 kbar. No evidence of a phase between the zinc-blende and tetragonal phases was observed, presumably because it does not exist. Analysis of the extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) clearly showed that there is no change in coordination in going from the zinc-blende to the tetragonal phase although the nearest-neighbor distance increases slightly. A much larger increase in ${R}_{1}$ occurs at the transition to the NaCl structure, where the coordination increases from 4 to 6. The mean-square deviation in the nearest-neighbor bond length, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}^{2}$, appears to be a fairly smooth function of nearest-neighbor distance, decreasing (or increasing) as ${R}_{1}$ decreases (or increases) more or less independent of structure. Evidence from the literature was presented to suggest that the zinc-blende to tetragonal transition in CuBr (and also CuCl) should occur by shear deformation. The zinc-blende lattice becomes unstable under pressure due to a decrease in the bond-bending force constant. This mechanism is consistent with the results of our EXAFS study. Unfortunately, the information obtained from the EXAFS, even at low temperature, was not sufficient to solve completely the structure of the tetragonal phase.
In vivo measurements of nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon in genetically obese and lean pigs

Characteristic gamma-rays are emitted promptly by elements during exposure to neutrons. These emissions enable a radioanalytical analysis of the body's composition of protein (nitrogen), water (hydrogen), and fat (carbon). We have used this method in vivo to determine the body composition of obese and lean pigs (10 to 20 kg body wt) fed an altered cholesterol diet.
Patterns of Body and Tail Length and Body Mass in Sciuridae

For squirrels, physical size varies with ancestry, locomotion, and sex. Body length has little variation associated with subfamilies or tribes but varies significantly among genera within tribes. Thus, patterns in body size among genera represent more recent evolutionary pressures. Flying squirrels weigh less than similarly sized tree or ground squirrels but ecological profile and ancestry are confounded for flying squirrels. Tail length has clear relationships with ecological profile in squirrels. Tail length is shorter in ground squirrels, longer in tree squirrels, and longest in flying squirrels. In addition, in arboreal squirrels, females have longer tails, relative to body length, than those of males. This latter result suggests that reproductive constraints can influence external features of morphology.
Identity and emplacement of domical structures in the western Arcadia Planitia, Mars

[1] Morphologic, morphometric, and thermophysical aspects of domical structures in a restricted part of the Mars northern plains were characterized using Mars Odyssey and Mars Global Surveyor data. The majority of domical structures consist of relatively high thermal inertia, subcircular to irregularly shaped “core' bodies surrounded by adjacent, relatively low-albedo, low thermal inertia “annuli,” and dispersed aureoles of apparently disaggregated material. Core profiles vary considerably from low to high aspect ratios. Elongate “arms” of material extend from the central, summit regions in some of the structures. Core features include apparent blocky surface texture, summit fissures and pits, apparent summit and flank ruptures suggestive of “eruption” of material, and concentric and straight summit ridges. Core heights range from ∼30 to 400 m, mean = 160 m, diameters range from ∼620 to 3090 m, mean = 1550 m, aspect ratios range from 0.02 to 0.36, mean = 0.11, and volumes range from ∼0.1 to ∼1.8 km3. An additional morphologic type consists of subcircular, domical mounds that are apparently covered by plains materials. We propose that the majority of the structures are partially extrusive cryptodomes and lava domes, whereas the mounds are entirely intrusive cryptodomes.
Automated Risk-Based Seismic Design Method for Optimal Structural and Non-Structural System Performance

The current research effort is geared towards development of an automated performancebased design environment to optimize structural and non-structural system performance and gaining better understanding of system design for minimum life-cycle costs. The automated design methodology starts with the definition of a performance-based optimization statement which can be formulated as: (1) Minimize the initial capital investment in the structural system; (2) Minimize the expected annual losses (EAL). A time-based performance assessment methodology, according to the next-generation of performance-based earthquake engineering, is used to compute the EAL of a given design. The approach considers three seismic hazard levels (2%, 10% and 50% probability of exceedence in 50 years). Inelastic time history analysis is used to evaluate structural response and to obtain engineering demand parameters (inter-story drift, and floor acceleration). Damage to the structural system, non-structural displacement-sensitive components, and non-structural acceleration-sensitive components is characterized using HAZUS fragility functions. From damage measures an estimation of the direct economic expected loss (in percentage of the building replacement cost) is obtained. The approach could be modified to consider other performance measures as casualties or downtime. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find optimum designs that solve the formulated optimization problem where EAL is incorporated into a GA fitness function along with initial construction cost for an example building. Sample results provide optimum designs on the Pareto-front that can be used as decision-making tool for guidance as to how a design should be adjusted to either reduce the potential for damage, or to avoid excessively costly construction practices, while maintaining desired earthquake protection.
Smooth Feedback for Car-Like Vehicles in Polygonal Environments

We introduce a method for constructing provably safe smooth feedback laws for car-like robots in obstacle-cluttered polygonal environments. The robot is taken to be a point with motion that must satisfy bounded path curvature constraints. We construct a global feedback plan (or control policy) by partitioning the environment into convex cells, computing a discrete plan on the resulting cell complex, and generating local control laws on the state space that are safe, consistent with the high level plan, and satisfy smoothness conditions. The trajectories of the resulting global feedback plan are smooth and stabilize the position of the robot in the plane, neglecting the orientation.
Establishing the fact of whiteness

Surveying public discourses on race, one suspects that anthropologists and academics are struggling to keep pace with the innovations and obsessions this subject generates in popular culture. But academic discussions of whiteness and the way it operates may provide a means of altering the terms of racial debates. As an analytical object, whiteness is being established as a powerful means of critiquing the reproduction and maintenance of systems of racial inequality. Studies of whiteness are demonstrating that whites benefit from a host of social arrangements and institutional operations that seem, to whites, to have no racial basis.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the ADNI neuropsychological battery

The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a large multi-center study designed to develop optimized methods for acquiring longitudinal neuroimaging, cognitive, and biomarker measures of AD progression in a large cohort of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, and healthy controls. Detailed neuropsychological testing was conducted on all participants. We examined the factor structure of the ADNI Neuropsychological Battery across older adults with differing levels of clinical AD severity based on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of 23 variables from 10 neuropsychological tests resulted in five factors (memory, language, visuospatial functioning, attention, and executive function/processing speed) that were invariant across levels of cognitive impairment. Thus, these five factors can be used as indicators of cognitive function in older adults who are participants in ADNI.
Model checking on trees with path equivalences

For specifying and verifying branching-time requirements, a reactive system is traditionally modeled as a labeled tree, where a path in the tree encodes a possible execution of the system. We propose to enrich such tree models with "jump-edges" that capture observational indistinguishability: for an agent a, an a-labeled edge is added between two nodes if the observable behaviors of the agent a along the paths to these nodes are identical. We show that it is possible to specify information flow properties and partial information games in temporal logics interpreted on this enriched structure. We study complexity and decidability of the model checking problem for these logics. We show that it is PSPACE-complete and EXPTIME-complete respectively for fragments of CTL and µ-calculus-like logics. These fragments are expressive enough to allow specifications of information flow properties such as "agent A does not reveal x (a secret) until agent B reveals y (a password)" and of partial information games.
Neutrophils from AIDS Patients Treated with Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Demonstrate Enhanced Killing of Mycobacterium avium

Neutrophils isolated from AIDS patients have demonstrated improved growth inhibition of Mycobacterium avium when incubated with exogenous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). In this clinical study, 30 AIDS patients without M. avium infection were randomized to receive 5 days of treatment with rifabutin, G-CSF, or both agents. The M. avium killing capacity of neutrophils harvested from each patient before intervention, during (day 4), and after therapy (day 7) was assessed. The mean change in human immunodeficiency virus load in the group receiving G-CSF alone was -0.07 log of viral RNA. There was a 90% reduction in M. avium growth after therapy for patients treated with G-CSF alone (P=.01), 59% for patients treated with both agents (P=.06), and 11% for patients treated with rifabutin alone (P=.84). Thus, neutrophils isolated from AIDS patients treated with G-CSF demonstrated a significant enhancement of killing of M. avium; there was no notable effect on virus load.
Photocatalytic and thermal catalytic oxidation of acetaldehyde on Pt/TiO2

Low concentrations of acetaldehyde in air (60 ppm) were oxidized over TiO2(Degussa P25) and 0.5% Pt/TiO2catalysts from 24 to 200°C by photocatalytic and thermal catalytic reactions. On Pt/TiO2, the contribution by photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) is a maximum at 140°C, where conversion is 2.8 times that at 24°C. Titania without Pt deactivates rapidly during PCO at elevated temperature due to a thermal catalytic reaction that takes place in parallel with PCO, but the addition of Pt dramatically slows deactivation. Apparently, Pt supplies spillover oxygen onto the TiO2, and the oxygen oxidizes the acetaldehyde decomposition products in a dark reaction. Deactivated TiO2without Pt was regenerated by PCO at room temperature. Seven distinct reactions (photocatalytic and thermal catalytic) are identified on Pt/TiO2.
A Patient-Centered Approach to Clinical Practice Guidelines in Otolaryngology

Patient education is used to engage patients in their own health care and is relevant in most clinical situations. Shared decision making (SDM) is used to engage patients when a choice needs to be made about a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure and the medical evidence does not indicate which choice is best. American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) include multiple action statements that may benefit from patient education or SDM. In this commentary, we discuss patient education and SDM using examples from AAO-HNS CPGs. We believe that use of patient education and decision support materials for SDM will enhance the effectiveness of SDM and improve the uptake of CPGs. We issue a call to action for all stakeholders to consider how to put these materials into the hands of our patients.
The Behavior of Option Implied Standard Deviations Around Merger and Acquisition Announcements

This paper examines the behavior of option implied standard deviations around merger and acquisition announcements. The implied standard deviations of target firms increase significantly three days prior to the announcement. The bidding firm implied standard deviations are not affected. The analysis is extended to the equity market to determine which market reacts first to the merger or acquisition announcement. Target firm equity abnormal returns and residual variances increase significantly one and two days, respectively, prior to the announcement.
Modification of rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody assay protocols for detecting recent HIV seroconversion.

Assay protocols of three rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) assays, OraQuick-1/2, SeroStrip-1/2, and Determine-1/2, were modified to detect recent HIV seroconversion using a higher dilution of serum specimens. Optimal predilution of specimens resulted in negative test results during early periods of seroconversion (about 6 months), when antibody levels were low. A total of 269 seropositive specimens from routine HIV type 1 testing and from commercial sources (low-titer and seroconversion panels) were tested, and results were recorded as negative (score 0) or positive using intensity scores from 0.5 (weak positive) to 4 (strongly positive). The same specimens were previously tested by a less sensitive (LS) enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Abbott 3A11-LS, and were classified as recent or long-term infections based on the standardized optical density (SOD) cutoff of 0.75. Overall concordance of >94% was observed between 3A11-LS and modified rapid tests (RT-LSs) for detecting and distinguishing recent HIV seroconversion from long-term HIV infection (kappa statistics 0.894 to 0.901). Moreover, intensity scores on RT-LSs correlated well with median 3A11-LS SOD values (R 2 > 0.98). Our results indicate that rapid HIV tests can be modified to detect recent seroconversion with results comparable to those from less sensitive EIA.
A riverscape perspective on habitat associations among riverine bird assemblages in the Lake Champlain Basin, USA

The riverscape perspective recognizes the heterogeneous habitat types within the stream corridor as a single, integrated ecological unit operating across spatial scales. Although there is ample evidence that the riverscape notion is appropriate in understanding the physical phenomena of stream corridors, significantly less attention has focused on its ecological ramifications. To this end, we surveyed riverscape habitat variables and bird community characteristics in the Champlain Valley of Vermont, USA. From the data collected, we used information theoretic methodology (AICc) to model relationships between bird community attributes and key habitat variables across the riverscape. Our models with the greatest support suggest that riverine bird communities respond to a suite of characteristics; representing a variety of riverscape habitats at the in-stream, floodplain, and riparian levels. Channel slope, drainage area, percent conifers, and in-stream habitat condition were among the most influential variables. We found that piscivores are potentially important indicators of riverscape condition, responding to a host of variables across the riverscape. Our results endorse a holistic approach to assessing and managing the mosaic of patches in the riverscape and suggest that a riverscape approach has significant conservation potential.
Intraoperative endoscopy in a child with Turner's syndrome and gastrointestinal hemorrhage: A case report

Gastrointestinal bleeding in Turner's syndrome can represent vascular lesions that are frequently beyond standard endoscopic reach and often life threatening. This report describes the successful use of intraoperative endoscopy to identify the souce of bleeding in an adolescent with Turner's syndrome and significant intestinal hemorrhage. J Pediatr Surg 36:951-952.
Adherence, placebo effects, and mortality.

mortality was strikingly lower in more adherent compared with less adherent patients. In analyses that adjusted for 40 clinical variables that might have produced baseline differences in prognosis in adherent vs. non-adherent groups, the mortality difference remained large and highly significant (p<0.001) for both the clofibrate (15.7% vs 22.5% for more adherent and less adherent groups, respectively) and placebo (15.1% vs 25.8%) groups. One potential explanation for the intriguing finding that better adherence with an inert therapy is associated with improved mortality is that that the relationship is confounded not only by differences in clinical variables associated with prognosis, but also by differences in psychological or psychosocial variables. This possibility was examined by Horwitz et al. in both men 3 and women 4 using data from the BHAT (Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial) trial. BHAT enrolled patients who had had a myocardial infarction in the previous 3 weeks. Psychological variables collected in BHAT included data on life stress, social isolation, depression, and type A behavior pattern. In analyses that adjusted for clinical severity, socio-demographics, psychological variables, and smoking, the odds ratios (ORs) for mortality comparing lower adherence with higher adherence groups were 2.5 (p=0.04) for men and 2.7 (p<0.02) for women. This particular set of psychological variables did not seem to confound the adherence-mortality relationship. The next paper examining this relationship used data fromthe Physicians Health Study, a primary prevention trial of aspirin. 5 Glynn et al. found that in the placebo group adherence was not associated with a decrease in the risk of myocardial infarction, but was strongly associated with all-cause mortality. The relative riskofdeathinamultivariablemodelcomparingthosewith<50%
Stability of convection rolls in a layer with stress-free boundaries

Steady finite-amplitude solutions for two-dimensional convection in a layer heated from below with stress-free boundaries are obtained numerically by a Galerkin method. The stability of the steady convection rolls with respect to arbitrary three-dimensional infinitesimal disturbances is investigated. Stability is found only in a small fraction of the Rayleigh-number-wavenumber space where steady solutions exist. The cross-roll instability and the oscillatory and monotonic skewed varicose instabilities are most important in limiting the stability of steady convection rolls. The Prandtlnumbers P = 0.71, 7, 104 areemphasized, but the stability boundaries are sufficiently smoothly dependent on the parameters of the problem to permit qualitative extrapolations to other Prandtl numbers.
Spectral Feature Analysis of Minerals and Planetary Surfaces in an Introductory Planetary Science Course

ABSTRACT Using an ALTA II reflectance spectrometer, the USGS digital spectral library, graphs of planetary spectra, and a few mineral hand samples, one can teach how light can be used to study planets and moons. The author created the hands-on, inquiry-based activity for an undergraduate planetary science course consisting of freshman to senior level science majors and nonmajors. The activity follows a guided-inquiry approach that unites lab-based investigation of minerals with online datasets, and enables students to import, configure, graph, analyze, and compare data using spreadsheet software. The activity includes two parts: (1) analysis of mineral hand samples and spectra, and (2) exploration of planetary reflectance spectra. The activity culminates with students using techniques analogous to those employed by planetary scientists to establish rationales for determining compositional information about, and categorizing and identifying, several planetary bodies in the solar system based solely on refl...
Growth dynamics of saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) and Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Northern Bering and Chukchi Seas

Abstract Saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) and Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) are two circumpolar gadids that serve as critically important species responsible for energy transfer in Arctic food webs of the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas. To understand the potential effects of sea ice loss and warming temperatures on these species׳ basic life history, information such as growth is needed. Yet to date, limited effort has been dedicated to the study of their growth dynamics. Based on a large sample of otoliths collected in the first comprehensive ecosystem integrated survey in the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas, procedures were developed to reliably estimate age from otolith growth zones and were used to study the growth dynamics of saffron and Arctic cod. Annual growth zone assignment was validated using oxygen isotope signatures in otoliths and otolith morphology analyzed and compared between species. Saffron cod attained larger asymptotic sizes (L∞=363 mm) and achieved their maximum size at a faster rate (K=0.378) than Arctic cod (L∞=209 mm; K=0.312). For both species, regional differences in growth were found (p
Mass of /sup 57/Cu

The ground state Q value of the reaction /sup 58/Ni(/sup 7/Li, /sup 8/He)/sup 57/Cu has been measured (Q = -29.564(50) MeV). The cross section for this reaction was found to be 130(30) nb/sr at 5.0 deg in the laboratory. This is the first report of the use of the (/sup 7/Li,/sup 8/He) reaction and the first measurement of the /sup 57/Cu mass excess. The deduced /sup 57/Cu atomic mass excess is -47.35(5) MeV. The implications of this result with respect to Coulomb displacement energy anomalies and nucleosynthesis of elements with A>56 by the rp process are discussed.
Applicant-Interviewer Gender Concordance and the Decision to Enroll in Dental School

To increase the yield of females in the entering class, the executive admissions committee at a private West Coast dental school instituted gender-concordant applicant-interviewer dyads. Supported by Tajfel’s social identity theory, members of the committee assumed that female applicants interviewed by female faculty interviewers were more likely to enroll than females interviewed by male interviewers. The purpose of this study was to test that assumption. Data were collected on all accepted applicants (n=1,192) and all faculty interviewers (n=43) for the 2001–05 entering classes and analyzed with chi square. Results revealed no relationship between applicant-interviewer gender concordance and the decision to enroll at the school. Although these findings suggest that applicant-interviewer gender concordance does not play a significant role in the enrollment decision, additional research is recommended on which factors are important to women in deciding to enroll at a particular dental school.
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in AL amyloidosis: Feasibility outside national amyloidosis referral centers and proposal for simpler pre-transplant staging

17545 Background: Single center data from national amyloidosis referral centers suggest that high dose melphalan based ASCT is an effective upfront treatment strategy for AL amyloidosis. Absence of...
Sample Preparation for X-ray Imaging and Examples of Biological X-ray Images

In the past decade, despite the rapid advancement of x-ray imaging technology, many x-ray micrographs which appeared in published articles were poor from a biological perspective; most of the specimens were prepared probably by scientists who had little knowledge of biological specimen preparation for microscopy. For example, air-drying was generally used to “prepare” biological specimens. It is known that air drying introduces gross morphological changes and generally not acceptable for preparing biological specimens for microscopy. Further, the interpretation of x-ray images requires knowledge of image formation physics. In the case of modern x-ray microradiography, the x-ray contact images are generally magnified by means of electron microscopy, understanding the characteristics and operation of electron microscope is essential.
Use of CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnea admitted to the general ward: effect on length of stay and readmission rate.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with multiple cardiovascular comorbidities. Despite increased awareness of OSA and its treatments, the management of OSA in the hospital setting remains below expectations. We retrospectively reviewed the demographics, clinical characteristics, and hospital course on 413 consecutive patients with a history of OSA on domiciliary CPAP therapy admitted to the general medical ward and analyzed the prevalence of CPAP use and its effect on length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission rate, and time-to-readmission in our tertiary care teaching hospital. Of the 413 study participants, 264 (64.0 %) patients were receiving CPAP during their hospital admission. Patients who were receiving CPAP therapy during their hospitalization had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (41.4 vs. 36.8 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and were more likely to be African-American (p = 0.01) and have congestive heart failure (CHF) (42.0 vs. 31.0 %, p = 0.038) peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (26.0 vs. 15.0 %, p = 0.013), and uncomplicated diabetes mellitus (p = 0.001) than those who were not. CPAP therapy in the hospital setting did not affect LOS (4.7 vs. 4.0 days, p = 0.291), readmission rate (11.0 % for both groups), or time-to-readmission (20.8 vs. 22.3 days, p = 0.762). The majority of patients who are on domiciliary CPAP therapy were receiving CPAP therapy while admitted to the general medical ward of a tertiary care academic hospital. Presence of comorbid conditions such as obesity and certain cardiovascular diseases may have increased the likelihood of prescribing CPAP therapy while in the hospital. In-hospital CPAP therapy did not appear to significantly influence short-term outcomes such as hospital LOS, readmission rate, or time-to-readmission.
A comparative review of the structure and function of cytochrome o from Escherichia coli and cytochrome aa3.

Introduction Cytochromes o (Escherichziz coli) and aa3 are the terminal oxidases of their respective respiratory chains. These two enzymes are very similar as will be related below. The most apparent difference is the haem prosthetic groups; haem A is present in cytochrome aa3 and haem spectroscopically similar to haem H, but not yet identified, is present in cytochrome o. These enzymes accept reducing equivalents from the respiratory chain and use them to reduce oxygen, the immediate reductants for cytochromes o and aa, are ubiquinol and cytochrome c respectively. The cytochrome o has been studied in detail from only one source, E. coli As isolated it is comprised of four subunits although the codon contains five open reading frames. The prosthetic groups are two b-like haems and a copper centre. The cytochrome aa, has been investigated from a wide range of different species, the content of prosthetic groups is constant, two atype haems, and 2-3 copper centres, but the subunit composition varies from two to thirteen depending on the source, with bacterial enzymes being the simpler. There has been some debate recently on the copper content of this latter enzyme, it now appears that three coppers are present; one in conjunction with the haem a, forming the oxygen reducing site and the other two forming an e.p.r. detectable complex (Cu,) on the cytochrome c oxidizing side. The E. coli cytochrome o enzyme is similar to the cytochrome aa, enzyme in terms of (i) sequence similarity in subunit I, (ii) some sequence similarity in subunit 11, but not in the putative Cu, binding region, (iii) the presence of one low-spin and one high-spin haem, (iv) copper-haem interaction, (v) haem-haem interaction, and (vi) the alignment of haems. The two enzymes differ as indicated above, in their haem type, in their reductant, and in the presence of the e.p.r.-detectable Cu, site. There is no evidence for an e.p.r. detectable copper complex in cytochrome o, this is not surprising as this probably corresponds to the hydrophilic and cytochrome c part of the cytochrome aa,. The extensive sequence similarity has been determined
Absolute and Relative Residual Organ Blood Volumes and Organ Hematocrits in Growing Beagles

SummaryResidual red cell, plasma, and blood volumes were measured in the small vessels of nine major organs of the developing beagle, ranging in age from 4 hr to 7 months. The animals were sacrificed by bleeding. The tissues analyzed were the heart, lung, kidney, spleen, liver, stomach, intestines, muscle, and skin. The data showed that these organs contain a significantly larger volume of the total blood volume in the newborn than in the 3- to 7-month-old dogs. In all age groups the muscle, skin, and liver contained the largest amount of blood, approximately 70% of the total organ blood volume. With the exception of the spleen, and in some cases the liver, the organ hematocrits for a particular age group were lower than the corresponding total body and the large vessel hematocrits.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN AMERICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY

Economic history, as a combination of two disciplines, has had a rather curious evolution. This is indicated both by looking at its checkered academic development in the United States, and by contrasting its evolution in the United States with that in England and elsewhere. Whereas in England and most European countries economic history is regarded as a separate discipline, with its own departments and professors, such an academic separation does not exist in the United States. Here, reflecting the dual nature of the subject, economic historians can be found in either history departments or in economics departments, and the nature of academic specialization often means they teach two distinct student bodies, with infrequent communication across disciplinary lines. Separatist tendencies have seemed more pronounced in the past two decades, when there was a marked change in the study of economic history in the United States, a change that has also affected other sub disciplines of history: quantification and model-building have spread into many areas of historical study. But in some measure this movement in economics reflects the recent tendency for economic historians to come from economics, rather than from history departments. Since the causes of the change seem, in part, peculiar to the United States, what I say about recent tendencies in the field may not fully reflect developments in other countries, although there seem to be similar trends emerging, albeit with some lags, in England and elsewhere in Europe.
Plasma protein. VI. Catabolism in vitro.

Summary1. Rat serum albumin randomly labeled with C14 amino acids was prepared. 2. Neither this serum albumin, nor dialyzed whole plasma similarly labeled, was broken down to any significant extent by any of the tissue slice or homogenate systems tested, although it was anticipated that this should have been demonstrable from breakdown rates calculated from turnover data and from liver perfusion data. 3. It is suggested that either serum albumin breakdown depends on its concentration, the concentration being too low in our experiments; or that albumin is broken down at some other site in the animal.
A blade element model in a low cost helicopter simulation

The equations for a blade element helicopter rotor model are presented. The model was developed a t the University of Alabama Flight Dynamics Lab for use in real-time and off-line simulation. This blade element model simulates the trajectories of the individual rotor blades and allows the representation of some transient effects that are not included in some other models.
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION ON HORN LENGTH-BODY SIZE ALLOMETRY IN THE HORNED BEETLE ONTHOPHAGUS ACUMINATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)

Males of the horned beetle Onthophagus acuminatus Har. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) exhibit horn length dimorphism due to a sigmoidal allometric relationship between horn length and body size: the steep slope of the allometry around the inflection of the sigmoid curve separates males into two groups; those larger than this inflection possess long horns, and those smaller than this inflection have short horns or lack horns. I examined the genetic basis of the allometric relationship between horn length and body size by selecting males that produced unusually long horns, and males that produced unusually short horns, for their respective body sizes. After seven generations of selection, lines selected for relatively long horns had significantly longer horn lengths for a given body size than lines selected for relatively short horns, indicating a heritable component to variation in the allometry. The sigmoidal shape of the allometry was not affected by this selection regime. Rather, selected lines differed in the position of the allometry along the body size axis. One consequence of lateral shifts in this allometric relationship was that the body size separating horned from hornless males (the point of inflection of the sigmoid curve) differed between selection lines: lines in which males were selected for relatively long horns began horn production at smaller body sizes than lines selected for relatively short horns. These results suggest that populations can evolve in response to selection on male horn length through modification of the growth relationship between horn length and body size.
Outer environment surveillance for avian influenza in Hunan,2009- 2011

Objective To understand the circulation of avian influenza virus in outer environment in Hunan province and provide evidence for the prevention and control of avian influenza.Methods Analysis was conducted on the outer environment surveillance data of avian influenza virus circulation in Hunan from 2009 to 2011.Results A total of 3370environmental samples were collected and tested during this period,and the overall positive rate of avian influenza A virus was 7.0%.The positive rate of highly pathogenic H5 and H9 viruses was 2.3%.The detection peak was during winter-spring.The detection rates were high in alive poultry markets in urban and rural areas(17.8%),in poultry slaughter houses(14.1%),on chopping boards for killed poultry(17.4%)and in water used for washing poultry(15.7%).The detection rate in duck source samples(24.1%)was higher than that in chicken source samples(9.5%).Conclusion The circulation of avian influenza virus is active during winter-spring in Hunan.It is necessary to conduct target surveillance and health education among the people exposed to poultry in alive poultry markets and poultry slaughter houses.The virus detection in duck raising houses should be strengthened too.
On the Experimental Teaching of the Combination of "Virtualness and Reality " in the Course "Radio Navigator"

Tis paper focused on some problems in the experimental teaching of radio navigator course put forward that using modern educational technology to develop the radio navigator simulation training system,and combining with the practice of assembling radio navigator to make research on the teaching method of "the combination of virtualness and reality".
When is Rapid On-Site Evaluation Cost-Effective in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology?

Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) can improve adequacy rates and reduce needle passes but it also increases operational costs. It is not clear when ROSE is less costly than sampling with a fixed number of needle passes. The performance of ROSE depends on many factors, and the potential advantage of ROSE is likely to vary by context. …
PROPHYLAXIS OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS IN TRAUMA PATIENTS

Orthopedists who use prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in total joint arthroplasty are often called on to care for trauma patients. Much less is known or published about the effects of such prophylaxis in the trauma patient than in the arthroplasty patient. The questions to ask are: what is the incidence of DVT in trauma patients; what are the benefits of DVT prophylaxis; and what are the risks of DVT prophylaxis, and do the risks outweigh the benefits
MR findings after depth electrode implantation for medically refractory epilepsy.

PURPOSE To evaluate using MR imaging chronic changes in the brain parenchyma after electroencephalography depth electrode placement in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. METHODS A retrospective review of MR scans in 57 patients who underwent stereotactic placement of 210 depth electrodes was performed. Scans were evaluated for evidence of gliosis, hemorrhage, or infection along the probe tracts. RESULTS Signal abnormalities along the probe tracts were seen in 38 patients (67%). Of the 210 probe tracts evaluated on long-repetition-time images, 85 (41%) were associated with punctate hyperintensity and four (2%) with punctate hypointensity; 120 (57%) showed no MR changes to suggest prior electrode placement. One probe placement was complicated by a significant intraparenchymal hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Depth electrode implantation for electroencephalography monitoring results in imperceptible or minimal chronic changes as detected by MR in almost all patients. The punctate hypersensitivity on long-repetition-time images is though to be caused by gliosis along the probe tracts. These signal changes should not be confused with the seizure focus. Significant hemorrhage or infection is a rare complication of probe placement. Incorporation of MR angiographic data with conventional spin-echo images at the time of stereotactic probe placement may further reduce the low incidence of probe-related hemorrhage.
Training Documentation Teams - A Research Plan

Technical documentation teams play a unique role in organizations as they help to build and create a public identity through end user manuals. In addition many technical documentation teams also provide information for the corporate website, as well as maintain intellectual knowledge through knowledge sharing and management. The technical communicator “makes sense” of complex engineering specifications by creating user-friendly manuals for the layman. The practitioner who compiles and records this complex information is a valuable resource to any organization. Therefore, on-going training for technical documentation teams is essential to stay competitive in the fast-paced technical market. This paper describes a research plan to study how organizations train their technical documentation teams.
Polymeric Biomaterials for In Vitro Cancer Tissue Engineering and Drug Testing Applications

Biomimetic polymers and materials have been widely used in tissue engineering for regeneration and replication of diverse types of both normal and diseased tissues. Cancer, being a prevalent disease throughout the world, has initiated substantial interest in the creation of tissue-engineered models for anticancer drug testing. The development of these in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture models using novel biomaterials has facilitated the investigation of tumorigenic and associated biological phenomena with a higher degree of complexity and physiological context than that provided by established two-dimensional culture models. In this review, an overview of a wide range of natural, synthetic, and hybrid biomaterials used for 3D cancer cell culture and investigation of cancer cell behavior is presented. The role of these materials in modulating cell-matrix interactions and replicating specific tumorigenic characteristics is evaluated. In addition, recent advances in biomaterial design, synthesis, and fabrication are also assessed. Finally, the advantages of incorporating polymeric biomaterials in 3D cancer models for obtaining efficacy data in anticancer drug testing applications are highlighted.
P020 Evaluation of 5-color multiplex short tandem repeat method for chimerism/engraftment study

Aim Performance of multiplex STR method (5-color) was evaluated for (1) number of informative loci that that discriminate donor and recipient alleles in related and unrelated stem cell transplant settings; (2) accuracy of %Donor calculated from each single locus or an average from 5 informative loci. Methods PowerPlex Fusion STR kit (Promega) amplifies 24 polymorphic DNA markers (22 autosomal and 2 X/Y-markers) per reaction. Fragment analysis used 3130xl Genetic Analyzer and GeneMapper software. STR markers, Type 1 (no alleles shared between Donor and Recipient) and Type 2 (only one allele shared) were selected as informative markers for this study, which are likely to provide more reliable information to calculate % donor. We tested three types of donor-recipient pairs (unrelated N = 22, siblings N = 10, and ASHI/CAP surveys N = 4). Numbers of available informative loci between three types of donor-recipient pairs were compared by t -test. %Donor determined by a single locus vs. %Donor determined by average from five loci were compared for accuracy, using peer means of mixed chimerism samples ( N = 4) as a gold standard from the ASHI survey 2015 EMO-1. Results Number of informative loci (Type 1 and 2) was significantly smaller in sibling pairs (mean: 8.89; range: 5–11) than unrelated pairs (mean: 17.34; range: 14–21) and ASHI/CAP survey pairs (mean: 16.0; range: 11–20) ( p p = 0.0003, respectively). For 2015 ASHI EMO-1 survey, we found 18 informative loci. Discrepancy from the mean of ASHI peer results was significantly smaller when %Donor was determined as an average from 5 loci (mean: 0.30%; range: 0–1.1%), compared to the discrepancy when %Donor was determined by single locus (mean: 3.73%; range: 0–11.7%) ( p = 0.015). Conclusions Suitable informative loci are harder to find for sibling donor-recipient pairs. However, testing of 22 autosomal STR markers provided minimum of 5 informative loci (Type 1 and 2) for all donor and recipient types. Availability of multiple informative loci allows calculating average %Donor, which improves accuracy of chimerism/engraftment study compared to a %Donor from a single locus.
Collectivization and social engineering: Soviet administration and the Jews of Uzbekistan, 1917–1939

Levin’s study of Jews and early Soviet policies in Uzbekistan shows both the advantages and the problems with writing a historical study based on a significant but narrow body of data. A nice compl...
Cooperation and Environment Characterize the Low-Lying Optical Spectrum of Liquid Water

The optical spectrum of liquid water is analyzed by subsystem time-dependent density functional theory. We provide simple explanations for several important (and so far elusive) features. Due to the disordered environment surrounding each water molecule, the joint density of states of the liquid is much broader than that of the vapor, thus explaining the red-shifted Urbach tail of the liquid compared to the gas phase. Confinement effects provided by the first solvation shell are responsible for the blue shift of the first absorption peak compared to the vapor. In addition, we also characterize many-body excitonic effects. These dramatically affect the spectral weights at low frequencies, contributing to the refractive index by a small but significant amount.
'Res publica', 'forma rei publicae' and SPQR

The goal of this article is to study the process of formalization of the res publica from the second to the first century bc. The first part analyzes the uncertainty of the res, defining it as the result of the interaction between citizens. The second part studies a shift in the description of the res publica: the passage from a division into partes to an approach in terms of formae. This evolution, which led to a reduction of its elements and a rationalization of its working, also reveals a will to put an end to conflicts. The mixed constitution and the ideological need for consensus became the new model for part of the elite. This process of reduction of the res publica ended with the Augustan invention of the SPQR.