cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endothelial cells derived from embryonic stem cells respond to cues from topographical surface patterns

The generation of micro- and nano-topography similar to those found in the extra cellular matrix of three-dimensional tissues is one technique used to recapitulate the cell-tissue physiology found in the native tissues. Despite the fact that ample studies have been conducted on the physiological significance of endothelial cells alignment parallel to shear stress, as this is the normal physiologic arrangement for healthy arterial EC, very few studies have examined the use of topographical signals to initiate endothelial cell alignment. Here, we have examined the ability for our mouse embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells (ESC-EC) to align on various microchip topographical systems. Briefly, we generated metal molds with ‘wrinkled’ topography using 1) 15 nm and 2) 30 nm of gold coating on the pre-strained polystryene (PS) sheets. After thermal-induced shrinkage of the PS sheets, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchips were then generated from the wrinkled molds. Using similar Shrink™-based technology, 3) larger selectively crazed acetone-etched lines in the PS sheets, and 4) fully crazed acetone-treated PS sheets of stochastic topographical morphology were also generated. The 15 nm and 30 nm gold coating generated ‘wrinkles’ of uniaxial anisotropic channels at nano-scaled widths while the crazing generated micron-sized channels. The ESC-EC were able to respond and align on the 320 nm, 510 nm, and the acetone-etched 10.5 μm channels, but not on the fully ‘crazed’ topographies. Moreover, the ESC-EC aligned most robustly on the wrinkles, and preferentially to ridge edges on the 10.5 μm-sized channels. The ability to robustly align EC on topographical surfaces enables a variety of controlled physiological studies of EC-EC and EC-ECM contact guidance, as well as having potential applications for the rapid endothelialization of stents and vascular grafts.
Factors Influencing the Low-Temperature Dependence of Yielding in AISI 316 Stainless Steels

The mechanical behavior of the AISI 300 series austenitic stainless steels over a broad range of temperatures is a subject of interest to designers of superconducting and nuclear energy devices. In this paper, factors influencing the initial yielding and stressstrain behavior of AISI 316 stainless steel are described. AISI 316 stainless steel is a metastable FeI6-18Cr, 10-14Ni, 1Mo steel that may undergo a partial austenite-to-martensite phase transformation during deformation at low temperatures, the probability of which increases with increasing strain, decreasing temperature, and decreasing alloy content.
Reading John Keats: Venturing “new Romance”: Isabella; or, The Pot of Basil . A STORY FROM BOCCACCIO

On its way to Keats's generation, the genre of “romance” devolved from Spenser's national epic of moral trial to escapist fantasia – at best, picking up some credit as passionate resistance to the regime of things as they are. Keats called on this spirit in subtitling Endymion “a Romance,” insisting to his publishers in March 1818 that “a ramance is a fine thing notwithstanding the circulating Libraries” ( L 1:253). The wry spelling parodies the popular fiction loved by female library patrons and some men slumming on the sly. The “new Romance” that Keats projected to Reynolds would ruffle the market on two fronts, and with gendered force: exposing the delusions of “old Romance” and casting modern meta-Romance, its devices demystified, its spells spelled out, and with such ultimate severity against fair-lady readers as to give Isabella; or, The Pot of Basil the cast of an “anti-Romance.” Keats took an outline from a tale in Boccaccio's Decameron . Isabella and her brothers' clerk Lorenzo are passionately in love. The brothers regard Isabella as a capital asset, on ice for one of their ruthless “trade designs,” namely, marriage to “some high noble and his olive-trees” (XXI). Luring Lorenzo off on a hunt, they murder him, telling Isabella that he had to leave suddenly on business. His ghoulish ghost appears to her in a dream to report his woe and where he's buried. Isabella digs up his body, severs its head, brings it home, pretties it up, and hides it in a pot of basil, the plant flourishing from her incessant tears and then some. Detecting her doting on the basil-pot, her brothers filch it and uncover its ghastly secret. In panic of exposure, they flee and Isabella goes mad in mourning her lost basil, dies in misery, survived by a song of grief. “Ah! wherefore all this wormy circumstance?” Doomed love, murder, horrid dreaming, exhumation, corpse-decapitation, pathological fetish, and fatal melancholy: quite a shift from the skyenchanted poet of Endymion ! Keats is retailing wares worthy of a circulating library (gothic shelf).
A Review of IC Engine Models for Control System Design

Abstract Many advances in engine modelling have been made over the last 15 years. This paper attempts to review the significant advances in the field and to relate the different types of models to their relevance for engine control design. Improving the state-of-the-art in engine modeling has enabled better control of engines in many ways. Models have been developed for optimization of the steady state engine control calibrations as well as for dynamic corrections to the calibrations. The models have made possible better analysis of engine/vehicle performance and in many cases have contributed to design improvements in subsystems whose functions were previously not fully understood.
Control of Healing with Photopolymerizable Biodegradable Hydrogels

Post-surgical wound healing has been modified by the use of biodegradable hydrogel barriers to block cell adhesion to tissue surfaces, e.g. to the mesothelium in abdominopelvic surgery or to the subendothelium in angioplasty. These materials were formed in situ by photopolymerization of an aqueous precursor to obtain barriers that were conformai and adherent to the tissue. The precursor was comprised of a central chain of polyethylene glycol, with peripheral blocks of lactic acid oligomer, and with acrylate termini, the polyethylene glycol chain providing water solubility and biocompatibility, the lactic acid oligomer providing water lability, and the acrylate termini providing polymerizability to form a crosslinked hydrogel. Using these materials, it was possible to dramatically improve abdominal healing with less postoperative adhesions in rats and arterial healing with no thrombosis and less intimai thickening in rats. The hydrogel barriers were also employed as controlled release depots for protein drugs, the proteins being contained by entanglement. It was possible to further reduce postoperative abdominal adhesion formation in rats by releasing tissue plasminogen activator or urokinase plasminogen activator from the tissue-adherent barrier.
Preclinical development of Meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine ([211At]MABG) as an alpha particle emitting systemic targeted radiotherapeutic for neuroblastoma (NB).

1264 Objectives NB is a radiosensitive childhood malignancy that frequently shows robust expression of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) on the tumor cell surface. NET-ligand therapy with [131I]MIBG is inefficient in tumor microclusters because of the relatively long path-length of β-particles. Targeted radiotherapy with the α-particle emitting NET-ligand [211At]MABG has the potential to deliver lethal radiation doses to sites of minimal residual disease because of the higher linear energy transfer and short path length of α-particles. Methods 211At was produced at the UPenn cyclotron facility with dry distillation to isolate 211At. Solid-phase radiosynthesis of [211At]MABG utilized Ultratrace resin. [211At]MABG uptake assays as well as biodistribution experiments were performed using NET transfected NB cell lines. In vivo dose escalation studies with [211At]MABG to determine radiotoxicology are ongoing. Finally, clonogenic assays and therapeutic trials in mouse models with [211At]MABG are also ongoing. Results We synthesized [211At]MABG (radiochemical yield of 50-60%, radiochemical purity > 95%) and showed NET-specific uptake. NET-overexpressing lines demonstrated tumor-specific [211At]MABG uptake in vivo with tumor-muscle ratios of 7.37. Toxicity studies have shown that doses of 10 and 25 uCi of [211At]MABG were well tolerated. Clonogenic assays show [211At]MABG to be potently cytotoxic and murine efficacy studies are ongoing. Conclusions We have synthesized 211At-MABG in quantities sufficient for our preclinical experiments and are scaling production for clinical trials. [211At]MABG biodistribution and toxicity parameters are similar to the currently used radiotherapeutic [131I]MIBG. Our preliminary in-vitro data suggests that [211At]MABG may be an effective agent for salvage therapy for children with refractory/relapsed NB. Research Support Department of Defense (DoD) PRMRP Grant PressOn Foundation Progenics Pharmaceuticals
The Men of the Abraham Lincoln Battalion

IN the eighteen months between December 1936 and June 1938, some 3,000 Americans sailed the Atlantic and then crossed the Pyrenees to lend their strength to the fighting forces of the Spanish Republic. Virtually all of them joined the international brigades which were formed under the auspices of the Comintern and directed by professional Communists. Yet not all these Americans were Communists, and the activism they showed in going to Spain did not spring from a desire to make the world safe for Joseph Stalin. Research indicates that these men, who fought beneath the banner of the Abraham Lincoln Battalion of the XVth International Brigade, were native American radicals who were impelled by the domestic and international crises of the 1930s to defend what seemed to them to be the cause of western civilization itself.' The time of the Spanish war was, of course, the time of the Popular Front, when the Communists were doing everything they could to enlist all interested groups-except the Trotskyists-in the struggle against fascism. As an expression of the Popular Front, the international brigades were to include men of all anti-fascist parties.2 Communist recruiters not only sought to enlist many American liberals but also often discouraged party members from volunteering and argued that it was more important for
Chemical Structure of Oxidized Multilayer Epitaxial Graphene: A Density Functional Theory Study

Density functional theory calculations are carried out to model the structure and interpret recent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of graphene oxide films obtained by Hummers oxidation of multilayer graphene grown epitaxially on silicon carbide. The confrontations between theory and experiment are used to gain insight into the nature and fraction of the oxygen functional groups present in the oxide films. The study shows that this type of graphene oxide films includes small amounts of intercalated water molecules, ether groups, and doubly oxidized carbon species and that the oxidized graphene sheets encompass a disordered and homogeneous distribution of epoxide and hydroxyl species. The results of our spectral analysis are corroborated by a study of the energetic stability of water in this form of graphene oxide.
Pathogen results and analysis of application of three kinds of influenza virus detection

Objective:To compare the sensitivity of the detection methods used in influenza virus,ensuring a clear infectious agent.Methods:The throat swab samples,collected from influenza-like cases of 24 hospitals in Tongzhou District,were detected by colloidal gold method.The positive samples were sent to Beijing Disease Prevention and Control(CDC) for an emergency test of avian influenza virus.The negative samples were sent to Tongzhou CDC for detecting and genotyping the nucleic acids of influenza virus by using RT-PCR,and for virus isolation and hemagglutination test(HA) using Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK) cell lines.The culture supernatants whose HA titer were 1:8 were sent to Beijing CDC for identification.Results:143 samples detected by colloidal gold method were negative.57.34%(82/143) of these samples were positive using RT-PCR,and the genotypes were all Influenza A.37 strains of influenza viruses(36 of subtype A1 and 1 of subtype A3) were isolated using MDCK cell culture,and the positive rate was 25.9%.All the positive samples of cell culture corresponded to the results of RT-PCR.37 positive samples of culture supernatant whose hemagglutinin titer were above 1:8 were tested again by colloidal gold method,and all showed strong positive results of Influenza A,suggesting the positive rate and type consistent rate of positive culture supernatants detected by colloidal gold and RT-PCR methods were both 100%.Conclusion:The sensitivity of rapid colloidal gold kit for detection of influenza viruses was low(especially the domestic kit),so there were a certain degree of false negative results.If the sensitivity of detection reagents could not be improved,the kits can not be used alone for diagnosing or screening cases.RT-PCR was a rapid diagnostic method for influenza and influenza-like cases.The predominant virus strain was H1N1 in Tongzhou District in January 2009.
Malbon's Jesus: A Review of E. S. Malbon's "Mark's Jesus"

MALBON, Elizabeth Struthers. Mark’s Jesus: Characterization as Narrative Christology. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2009. 286 p. ISBN 978-1-60258-247-7 Elizabeth Struthers Malbon is Professor of the Department of Religion and Culture in the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA. This book represents the culmination of more than three decades of research in Markan studies and is a significant contribution to the field from a leading Mark scholar.
Drug distribution and pharmacologic effects

Drugs which move relatively slowly in and out of body “compartments” thereby confer pharmacokinetic characteristics of a multicompartment system and elicit a considerably different time course of pharmacologic effect than do drugs which are distributed in the body extremely rapidly. The time course of pharmacologiC effects in multicompartment systems is considered here as a function of dose and site of action and duration of repetitive dosings. The durationdose and intensity-time patterns thus obtained are consistent with the results of clinical studies. An appreciation of these relationships should be helpful in designing effective and safe dosage regimens.
Mechanism of Activation of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase by NO: Allosteric Regulation through Changes in Heme Coordination Geometry

Publisher Summary The nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway regulates many important physiological processes, including blood pressure, hearing, vision, and neurotransmission, among others. In many cases, the physiological effects of NO are mediated through the enzyme receptor known as soluble guanylyl cyclase (SGC). This chapter provides an overview of the chemical properties of NO that make it such an unusual sensing molecule, and it describes how NO interacts with the heme cofactor of NO-sensing SGC. A description of the structure and bonding of netal nitrosyls is presented to provide a foundation for understanding the metallobiochemistry of NO. The reactivity of NO with the iron atom of the heme prosthetic group is also described, as NO exerts its effect by interacting with the heme in SGC. An overall picture of the mechanism of NO activation of SGC is developed in light of this background, using the latest experimental data on SGC. Finally, inhibitors and activators of SGC are discussed, because a practical research goal is to find selective inhibitors or activators that may be used as therapeutic agents.
Wavefront control for deep tissue fluorescence microscopy

We present our work on using optical wavefront control to achieve large field-of-view high resolution calcium imaging deep in mouse brain and to perform high-speed volumetric imaging of awake and behaving animals.
An evaluation of multiple land-cover data sets to estimate cropland area in West Africa

West Africa is one of the fastest growing regions of the world and depends heavily on rain-fed agriculture for its food production. This study evaluates 12 freely available land-cover and land-use LCLU data sets at the ecoregion, country, and pixel levels in West Africa to estimate croplands. The selected data sets are primarily derived using remote-sensing data, representing different time periods and using various classification schemes. The result shows a very high variability of the estimated cropland at all levels. Despite this variability, data sets having a finer spatial resolution and representing a similar time period – specifically data from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis-International Food Policy Research Institute IIASA−IFPRI, Global Land Cover−Share GLC−Share, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer–University of Maryland MODIS−UMD, Global Cropland Extent, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer−International Geosphere Biosphere Programme MODIS−IGBP, and GlobCover version 2.3 GlobCover V23 – estimated comparable cropland areas at the ecoregion and country levels. The countrywide cropland area, obtained from the selected data sets, when compared with the sum of arable land and permanent crop area obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization FAO, showed a high coefficient of determination R2 > 0.95 for IIASA–IFPRI and GLC−Share. At the pixel level, at the original resolution, the newer data sets have a comparable user’s accuracy UA>53% and producer’s accuracy PA>46%, except for the Global Cropland Extent data. Overall, two data sets – IIASA−IFPRI and GLC−Share – performed better in the region to estimate the cropland area at all levels.
Peptide N-Amination Supports β-Sheet Conformations

The conformational heterogeneity of backbone N-substituted peptides limits their ability to adopt stable secondary structures. Herein, we describe a practical synthesis of backbone aminated peptides that readily adopt β-sheet folds. Data derived from model N-amino peptides suggest that extended conformations are stabilized through cooperative steric, electrostatic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Quantifying long-term population growth rates of threatened bull trout: challenges, lessons learned, and opportunities

Temporal symmetry models (TSM) represent advances in the analytical application of mark–recapture data to population status assessments. For a population of char, we employed 10 years of active and passive mark–recapture data to quantify population growth rates using different data sources and analytical approaches. Estimates of adult population growth rate were 1.01 (95% confidence interval = 0.84–1.20) using a temporal symmetry model (λTSM), 0.96 (0.68–1.34) based on logistic regressions of annual snorkel data (λA), and 0.92 (0.77–1.11) from redd counts (λR). Top-performing TSMs included an increasing time trend in recruitment (f) and changes in capture probability (p). There was only a 1% chance the population decreased ≥50%, and a 10% chance it decreased ≥30% (λMCMC; based on Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure). Size structure was stable; however, the adult population was dominated by small adults, and over the study period there was a decline in the contribution of large adults to total biom...
Treatment strategies for DNA repair-deficient prostate cancer.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Common recurrent genetic alterations have been identified in prostate cancer through comprehensive sequencing efforts, and the prevalence of mutations in DNA repair pathway genes in patients with advanced and metastatic disease approaches 20–25%. Identification of these underlying DNA repair defects may present unique treatment opportunities for patients, both in terms of standard-of-care treatments and selected investigational agents.Areas covered: We review our current understanding of the genomic landscape of prostate cancer, with special attention to alterations in DNA repair pathway genes in metastatic castration-resistant disease. For patients with tumors deficient in homologous recombination repair, potential opportunities for treatment include platinum chemotherapy, poly(ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, bipolar androgen therapy, and maybe immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In addition, tumors with mismatch repair defects (i.e. microsatellite instability) may be part...
Chimpanzees in Experimental Homes

Between 1932 and 1968 there have been 6 major research projects by qualified investigators of rearing young chimpanzees in experimental homes. The object or purpose of such experiments, although often misunderstood, is to determine the genetic limitations of the animal when it is given the enriched environment of the civilized household. In this paper the behavior of the home-raised chimpanzees in these studies is evaluated in relation to that of human children—in pre-school intelligence tests, in toilet-training, in general adaptation to the environment, and in communications.
QoS-Aware Energy-Efficient Association and Resource Scheduling for HetNets

A heterogeneous network (HetNet) can actively utilize the spectrum reuse with low power consumption, and thus is promising for the next-generation cellular networks. However, there are some technical challenges to be overcome in order for HetNets to be practical, and we address the following two in this paper. One is how to formulate the association and resource scheduling problem in a way that an optimal solution can be found in a reasonable amount of time, and the other is how to accommodate varying users’ demand. In order to minimize the power consumption and to satisfy varying users’ quality of service requirements, we propose a low-complex, distributed association and resource allocation scheme. By taking a cost-based approach, we first separate a nonconvex joint association and resource allocation problem into two subproblems. The channel allocation and base station assignment problem is then relaxed so that the problem becomes tractable. For the power allocation problem, we introduce a low-complex iterative algorithm by using the decomposition theory. The evaluation results show that the proposed solution can maintain the overall power consumption minimized while satisfying the QoS requirements.
Examining the auditory cortex response to musical stimuli with differences in timbre and reverberation

In a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study by the authors, the addition of reverberation was shown to degrade the cortical auditory response to musical stimuli. This degradation may occur since reverberation blurs the frequency content of the stimuli in time, making it more difficult for the brain to distinguish between distinct auditory objects. The current study aims to further establish the auditory response to reverberant stimuli by investigating if higher-order frequency content (timbre) affects the auditory cortex’s sensitivity to reverberation. Using an anechoic solo-instrumental trumpet motif, a sine-trumpet musical stimulus was generated by removing the harmonic content from the played notes while maintaining the attack of the instrument and rhythm of the musical passage. Auralizations of both motifs were created from eight simulated room conditions with reverberation times ranging from 0.0-7.2 s. Participants were recruited to rate the auralizations in terms of overall preference, perceived reverberance, and perceived clarity. Subsequently, the participants listened to a subset of the solo-instrumental and sine-trumpet auralizations in an MRI machine. Contrasts between the motifs and room acoustic conditions were analyzed to confirm the sensitivity of the auditory cortex to reverberation, as well as investigate the possible interaction effect between reverberation and timbre.
Glycine Allosterically Regulates an NMDA Receptor Coupled Ion Channel in Rat Hippocampal Membranes

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mediated neurotransmission plays a crucial role In several forms of neuronal plasticity. In hippocampal slices antagonists of NMDA receptors Inhibit long-term potentiation and raise the threshold for evoking seizure-like activity. NMDA receptor agonists likely mediate their effects by activation of a voltage-dependent non-selective cation channel (for review see TINS Vol. 10, 1987).
Convergence analysis of two-grid fixed stress split iterative scheme for coupled flow and deformation in heterogeneous poroelastic media

Abstract We perform a convergence analysis of a two-grid fixed stress split algorithm for the Biot system modeling coupled flow and deformation in heterogeneous poroelastic media. The two-grid fixed stress split scheme solves the flow subproblem on a fine grid using a multipoint flux mixed finite element method by imposing the fixed mean stress constraint followed by the poromechanics subproblem on a coarse grid using a conforming Galerkin method in every coupling iteration at each time step. Restriction operators map the fine scale flow solution to the coarse scale poromechanical grid and prolongation operators map the coarse scale poromechanical solution to the fine scale flow grid. The coupling iterations are repeated until convergence and Backward Euler is employed for time marching. The convergence analysis is based on studying the equations satisfied by the difference of iterates to show that the two-grid scheme is a contraction map under certain conditions. Those conditions are used to construct the restriction and prolongation operators as well as arrive at effective elastic properties for the coarse scale poromechanical solve in terms of the fine scale elastic properties. We analyze the contraction map with a numerical result comparing the numerically computed to the theoretically obtained contraction constant for a poroelastic medium with substantial spatial variability in the poroelastic moduli.
Skin Permeation of Urea Under Finite Dose Condition.

Abstract In a previous study investigating the relationships between solute physicochemical properties and solvent effects on skin permeation of solutes under finite dose conditions, urea was found to have the highest percent dose absorbed among the model solutes studied. The objective of this study is to probe the mechanism of the observed high skin permeation of urea at finite dose, in contrast to its permeability coefficient obtained under infinite dose condition. Skin permeation experiments were performed with Franz diffusion cells and human epidermal membrane. Dose-dependence and penetration enhancing effects of urea permeation were investigated. Tape stripping was performed. A small hydrophilic solute ethylene glycol with molecular weight similar to urea was studied for comparison. The results suggest that urea did not have penetration enhancing effect to enhance solute permeation across skin under the finite dose conditions. Tape stripping data are consistent with skin permeation mechanism of solute deposition and diffusion. The skin permeation behavior of urea could be attributed to its small molecular size. This suggests that, under the finite dose conditions examined in this study, solutes with molecular sizes similar to or less than urea and ethylene glycol could lead to high percent of skin absorption despite their hydrophilicities.
Automated 4π radiotherapy treatment planning with evolving knowledge-base.

Purpose Non-coplanar 4π radiotherapy generalizes intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to automate beam geometry selection but requires complicated hyperparameter tuning to attain superior plan quality, which can be tedious and inconsistent. In this study, a fully automated 4π treatment planning was developed using evolving knowledge-base (EKB) planning guided by dose prediction. Methods Twenty 4π lung and twenty 4π head and neck (HN) cases were included. A statistical voxel dose learning model was initially trained on low-quality plans created using generic hyperparameter templates without manual tuning. To improve the automated plan quality without being limited by the training data quality, a new 4π optimization problem was formulated to include a one-sided penalty on the organ-at-risk (OAR) dose deviation from the predicted dose. This directional OAR penalty encourages superior OAR sparing. The fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) was used to solve the large-scale beam orientation optimization problem. With the improved plans, new predictions were created to guide the next loop of EKB planning for a total of 10 loops. Plan quality was evaluated using a plan quality metric (PQM) points system based on clinical dose constraints and compared with automated planning approaches guided by manual high-quality plans using all non-coplanar beams, automated plans using individually evolved targeted dose, and manually created 4π plans. Results For the lung cases, the final EKB plans had significantly higher PQM than manually created 4π (+2.60%). The improvements plateaued after the third loop. The final HN EKB plans and manually created 4π plans had comparable PQMs, but had lower PQM compared to automated plans using a high-quality training set (-3.00% and -4.44%, respectively). The PQM consistently increased up to the sixth loop. Individually evolved plans were able to improve the plan quality from initial condition due to the one-sided cost function but the 60% of them were trapped in undesired local minima that were substantially worse than their corresponding EKB plans. Conclusion Evolving knowledge-base planning is a novel automated planning technique guided by the predicted three-dimensional dose distribution, which can evolve from low-quality plans. EKB allows new beams to be used in the automated planning workflow for superior plan quality.
A history of spine surgery predicts a poor outcome after hip arthroscopy

This study compared patient reported outcomes scores (PROMs) between patients undergoing hip arthroscopy who have and have not had previous lumbar spine surgery. We aimed to determine if prior spine surgery impacts the outcome of hip arthroscopy. Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed in patients who underwent hip arthroscopy between 2010 and 2017. Twenty cases were identified for analysis and matched to a control group. Four PROMs were collected pre-operatively and between 6 months and 2 years post-operatively (mean 16.2 months): Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Score-Sports (HOS-Sports) and the 33-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33). Patients with previous spine surgery reported significantly worse (P-value <0.001) post-operative scores on all PROMs and smaller net changes on all PROMs with the difference on the mHHS (P-value 0.007), HOS-Sport (P-value 0.009) and iHOT-33 (P-value 0.007) being significant. Subsequent analyses revealed that the type of spine surgery matters. Patients with a spine fusion reported worse post-operative scores on all PROMs compared with patients with a spine decompression surgery with the difference on the mHHS (P-value 0.001), HOS-ADL (P-value 0.011) and HOS-Sport (P-value 0.035) being significant. Overall, patients with prior decompression surgery experienced considerable improvements from hip arthroscopy whereas patients with a prior spine fusion reported poor post-operative outcomes. Given these results, it is vital that hip preservation surgeons understand the impact of the lumbar spine on the outcome of hip arthroscopy.
FT-iSort: efficient fault tolerance for introsort

Introspective sorting is a ubiquitous sorting algorithm which underlies many large scale distributed systems. Hardware-mediated soft errors can result in comparison and memory errors, and thus cause introsort to generate incorrect output, which in turn disrupts systems built upon introsort; hence, it is critical to incorporate fault tolerance capability within introsort. This paper proposes the first theoretically-sound, practical fault tolerant introsort with negligible overhead: FT-iSort. To tolerate comparison errors, we use minimal TMR protection via exploiting the properties of the effects of soft errors on introsort. This algorithm-based selective protection incurs far less overhead than naive TMR protection designed to protect an entire application. To tolerate memory errors that escape DRAM error correcting code, we propose XOR-based re-execution. We incorporate our fault tolerance method into the well-known parallel sorting implementation HykSort, and we find that fault tolerant HykSort incurs negligible overhead and obtains nearly the same scalability as unprotected HykSort.
Neuronal AMPK coordinates mitochondrial energy sensing and hypoxia resistance

Organisms adapt to their environment through coordinated changes in mitochondrial function and metabolism. The mitochondrial protonmotive force (PMF) is an electrochemical gradient that powers ATP synthesis and adjusts metabolism to energetic demands via cellular signaling. It is unknown how or where transient PMF changes are sensed and signaled due to lack of precise spatiotemporal control in vivo. We addressed this by expressing a light-activated proton pump in mitochondria to spatiotemporally turn off mitochondrial function through PMF dissipation in tissues with light. We applied our construct - mitochondria-OFF (mtOFF) - to understand how metabolic status impacts hypoxia resistance, a response that relies on mitochondrial function. mtOFF activation induced starvation-like behavior mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We found prophylactic mtOFF activation increased survival following hypoxia, and that protection relied on neuronal AMPK. Our study links spatiotemporal control of mitochondrial PMF to cellular metabolic changes that mediate behavior and stress resistance.
Placental Pathology in COVID-19.

Objectives To describe histopathologic findings in the placentas of women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy. Methods Pregnant women with COVID-19 delivering between March 18, 2020, and May 5, 2020, were identified. Placentas were examined and compared to historical controls and women with placental evaluation for a history of melanoma. Results Sixteen placentas from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were examined (15 with live birth in the third trimester, 1 delivered in the second trimester after intrauterine fetal demise). Compared to controls, third trimester placentas were significantly more likely to show at least one feature of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), particularly abnormal or injured maternal vessels, and intervillous thrombi. Rates of acute and chronic inflammation were not increased.The placenta from the patient with intrauterine fetal demise showed villous edema and a retroplacental hematoma. Conclusions Relative to controls, COVID-19 placentas show increased prevalence of decidual arteriopathy and other features of MVM, a pattern of placental injury reflecting abnormalities in oxygenation within the intervillous space associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Only 1 COVID-19 patient was hypertensive despite the association of MVM with hypertensive disorders and preeclampsia. These changes may reflect a systemic inflammatory or hypercoagulable state influencing placental physiology.
Development of CancerLinQ, a Health Information Learning Platform From Multiple Electronic Health Record Systems to Support Improved Quality of Care.

PURPOSEASCO, through its wholly owned subsidiary, CancerLinQ LLC, developed CancerLinQ, a learning health system for oncology. A learning health system is important for oncology patients because le...
Parity-Violating Electron Scattering and Neucleon Structure

The measurement of parity violation in the helicity dependence of electron-nucleon scattering provides unique information about the basic quark structure of the nucleons. In this review, the general formalism of parity-violating electron scattering is presented, with emphasis on elastic electron-nucleon scattering. The physics issues addressed by such experiments is discussed, and the major goals of the presently envisioned experimental program are identified. %General aspects of the experimental technique are reviewed and A summary of results from a recent series of experiments is presented and the future prospects of this program are also discussed.
Building Cultures of Collaboration That Promote Instructional Change

Background: National calls to improve engineering education have prompted educators to explore ways to implement change. We need a better understanding of how research-based instructional strategies (RBISs) are sustainably adopted among faculty. Prior studies indicated that developing collaborations and a shared vision among faculty facilitates adoption, but few studies demonstrate successful efforts to create these collaborations. Purpose/Hypothesis: We seek to understand the process of developing a culture of collaboration among STEM faculty interested in implementing instructional innovation in engineering and to characterize the process of how the STEM faculty community of practice (COP) develops and functions. To achieve this, we investigated two research questions: 1) How do participants describe their experience in the SIIP – a program designed to promote and support collaborations around teaching innovation? 2) What patterns and themes emerge in the experiences of participants? Design/Method: We applied an exploratory phenomenological approach, using semi-structured interviews with 12 STEM faculty members across academic ranks. Interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis process with multiple rounds of coding. Results: The participants’ experiences revealed that social capital and shared accountability support building a collaborative culture among engineering faculty engaged in instructional innovation. The community of practice provided organizational support and resources to STEM faculty that enabled community behaviors including knowledge sharing about teaching. Conclusions: Building a community of practice among STEM faculty for education reform requires invested faculty, structural support by the institution (e.g., instructional initiatives programs), and a collaborative environment. Recommendations are provided for building a local version of a STEM faculty learning community committed to improving instruction.
Publicly Accessible Rehabilitation Protocols for Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction Are Widely Variable

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the availability and variability of publicly accessible acromioclavicular (AC) joint reconstruction rehabilitation protocols. Methods Protocols were identified by searching the websites of orthopedic surgery residency programs in the United States located from the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access System. Private practice groups with publicly available protocols were also included. Results Twenty-one protocols were included for review. Four of 14 (29%) protocols suggested starting passive range of motion (ROM) at postoperative week 2. Six of 20 (30%) protocols recommended initiation of full ROM at 6 weeks. Active ROM beginning at 6 weeks was recommended by 6 of 20 (30%) protocols. Six of 16 (38%) protocols recommended initiating active assisted ROM at 6 weeks. Sling immobilization for 6 weeks was recommended by 8 of 18 (44%) protocols. Shoulder isometric exercise initiated at 4 weeks was recommended by 4 of 13 (31%) protocols. Seven of 21 (33%) protocols recommended initiating shoulder strengthening at 12 weeks postoperatively. Return to sport time was included in 17 (81%) protocols with a range of 12 to 48 weeks (mean, 22 weeks). Conclusions There was substantial variability in publicly accessible AC joint rehabilitation protocols, including a wide range in the recommendations for appropriate time to return to sport. Although strengthening exercises, active ROM, and active assisted ROM were recommended by most protocols, there were considerable differences in recommendations for when to initiate these rehabilitation components. Clinical Relevance Rehabilitation is important for outcomes of AC joint reconstruction. This study shows the variability present in rehabilitation recommendations among online-accessible AC joint reconstruction rehabilitation protocols.
A multilevel examination of lifetime aggression: integrating cortical thickness, personality pathology and trauma exposure

Aggression represents a significant public health concern, causing serious physical and psychological harm. Although many studies have sought to characterize the etiology of aggression, research on the contributions of risk factors that span multiple levels of analysis for explaining aggressive behavior is lacking. To address this gap, we investigated the direct and unique contributions of cortical thickness (level 1), pathological personality traits (level 2) and trauma exposure (level 3) for explaining lifetime physical aggression in a high-risk sample of community adults (N = 129, 47.3% men). First, the frequency of lifetime aggression was inversely associated with cortical thickness in regions of prefrontal and temporal cortices that have been implicated in executive functioning, inhibitory mechanisms and socio-emotional processing. Further, aggression was positively associated with pathological personality traits (antagonism and disinhibition) and exposure to assaultive trauma. Notably, all three levels of analysis (cortical thickness, pathological personality traits and assaultive trauma exposure) explained non-overlapping variance in aggressive behavior when examined simultaneously in integrative models. Together, the findings provide a multilevel assessment of the biopsychosocial factors associated with the frequency of aggression. They also indicate that cortical thickness explains novel variance in these harmful behaviors not captured by well-established personality and environmental risk factors for aggression.
Dysbiosis revisited: Understanding the role of the oral microbiome in the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis: A critical assessment

This commentary provides background, historical context, and a critical assessment of the concept that microbial dysbiosis drives the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. It is long known that periodontal pathogenesis is dependent on tooth-borne microbial biofilms (dental plaque) that trigger host inflammation resulting in periodontal destruction and tooth loss in some patients. Ecological principles governing plaque biofilm development, along with localized host responses, are both rooted in evolution. Interpretation of available evidence suggests that, in most patients, alveolar bone loss results from interactions of a highly diverse commensal microbiota with the host, and not from "overgrowth" of a few "pathobionts" that results in a "dysbiosis". Most previously described dysbiotic chronic diseases, for example inflammatory bowel diseases and dermatitis, are characterized by decreased microbial diversity (likely due to frank overgrowth of one or a few microbial taxa). Most common forms of periodontitis do not appear to conform to this general principle, and the associated microbiome in fact almost always shows increased bacterial diversity compared to periodontal health. This diversity is driven by interactions of genetic and environmental factors working in concert within specific windows of time. Periodontal pathogenesis is likely the result of "personalized pathology", insofar as each patient likely has a variable constellation of microbes and host risk factors influencing specific tissue sites where disease activity occurs, and during a limited window of time (a tissue-destructive "burst"). The concept of cooperative virulence of higher abundance commensals in periodontal pathogenesis, which does not conform to the model of dysbiosis observed for other diseases, is discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Diagnosis and surgical management of a retrobulbar abscess causing unilateral exophthalmos in a Boer goat.

A 10-year-old Boer goat wether presented for unilateral exophthalmos of 2- to 3-week duration. Ocular ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) were utilized in the diagnosis of the patient's orbital disease and surgical planning. Exenteration was performed under the same general anesthetic event as CT. Cytology, culture, and histopathology were performed after exenteration. Cytology was consistent with a mixed bacterial infection. Culture confirmed the presence of Streptococcus ovis. Histopathology on the enucleated globe and mass revealed no evidence of tumor and confirmed intraocular extension of retrobulbar inflammation. Histopathologic diagnosis was consistent with severe chronic orbital pyogranuloma and fibrinosuppurative endophthalmitis confined to the subretinal space. The abscess recurred in the orbital space 2 weeks postoperatively; the orbit was explored. Repeat culture was consistent with S. ovis, Staphylococcus schleigeri subspecies coagulans, and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Complete resolution was obtained after drainage and lavage of the orbit. Abscess is cited as a cause of exophthalmos in small ruminants, but no individual case reports exist. Advanced imaging allowed presumptive diagnosis and surgical planning. Histopathology confirmed intraocular extension of retrobulbar disease.
Eye movement influences on coupled and decoupled eye-hand coordination tasks

Visually guided reaching precision and accuracy depend on the level of coupling between movements of the eyes and hand. In the present study, participants performed central fixations and either saccadic or smooth pursuit eye movements during fast and accurate reaching tasks involving eye–hand coupling and decoupling to better understand type of eye movement influence over upper limb control. Some eye–hand coupling and decoupling tasks also included hand reversals, where the hand moves away from the target to direct a cursor toward the target to account for various levels of hand–cursor and eye–cursor coupling. Regardless of eye-movement type, eye–hand–cursor coupling produced an endpoint accuracy advantage over decoupling. Use of hand reversal decreased peak speed and increased response time of the hand, whether considering fixation or a given eye movement. Use of smooth pursuit slowed hand movements relative to saccades, yet improved endpoint accuracy. Compared to central fixations, using smooth pursuit also slowed hand movements, while using saccades decreased, thus improved, hand reaction times. Data suggest an advantage, when using smooth pursuit to track the hand movement for the greatest endpoint accuracy, an advantage when using saccades for the fastest movements, and an eye–hand coupling advantage when using saccades for the shortest reactions. Researchers should provide clear eye-movement instructions for participants and/or monitor the eyes when assessing similar upper limb control to account for possible differences in eye movements used. Moreover, the type of eye movement chosen for participants should correspond to the primary goal of the task.