cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activities of Hospitality Management Program Administrators

While the success of a hospitality management (HM) program often depends on the ability of the program administrator, little is known about these administrators' activities. The purpose of this research was to examine what was important to HM program administrators and to learn how they spent their time. Questionnaires were sent to administrators of 98 universities that grant baccalaureate degrees as part of HM programs; 69 (70%) responded. In response, administrators provided information about themselves and their HM programs and indicated the importance of and the time spent on 15 activities. Results showed that HM program administrators tend to be males who are over age 40 and hold a doctorate degree. Many have more than 10 years of experience as both a practitioner and educator. Administrators rated their most important activities as teaching, conducting public relations, and planning curriculum. Administrators spent a large portion of time teaching and advising students. Results of this research prov...
An Automated Tilting Bed for Continuous Control of Blood Pressure

An automative system for continuous maintainence of arterial pressure within set bounds by means of a bed programmed to tilt head up or down in response to fluctuations in arterial pressure has been designed. Pressure is measured continuously with an indwelling arterial pressure transducer. The system hastened return of blood pressure to normotensive levels in 15 dogs made hypertensive with metaraminol or hypotensive with trimethaphan camphorsulfonate.
CustoMalloc: efficient synthesized memory allocators

The allocation and disposal of memory is a ubiquitous operation in most programs. Rarely do programmers concern themselves with details of memory allocators; most assume that memory allocators provided by the system perform well. Yet, in some applications, programmers use domain-specific knowledge in an attempt to improve the speed or memory utilization of memory allocators. In this paper, we describe a program (CustoMalloc) that synthesizes a memory allocator customized for a specific application. Our experiments show that the synthesized allocators are uniformly faster and more space efficient than the Berkeley UNIX allocator. Constructing a custom allocator requires little programmer effort, usually taking only a few minutes. Experience has shown that the synthesized allocators are not overly sensitive to properties of input sets and the resulting allocators are superior even to domain-specific allocators designed by programmers. Measurements show that synthesized allocators are from two to ten times faster than widely-used allocators.
Lead exposure in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells alters neural differentiation and Sp1 DNA-binding.

Abstract Previous studies have revealed that lead modulates the DNA-binding profile of the transcription factor Sp1 both in vivo and in vitro (Dev Brain Res 1998;107:291). Sp1 is a zinc finger protein, that is selectively up-regulated in certain developing cell types and plays a regulatory role during development and differentiation (Mol Cell Biol 1991;11:2189). In NGF-stimulated PC12 cells, Sp1 DNA-binding activity was induced within 48 h of exposure of NGF naive cells. Exposure of undifferentiated PC12 cells to lead alone (0.1 μ M) also produced a similar increase in Sp1 DNA-binding. Since lead altered the DNA-binding profile of Sp1 in newly differentiating cells, neurite outgrowth was assessed as a morphological marker of differentiation to determine whether or not the effects of lead on differentiation were restricted to the initiation phase (unprimed) or the elaboration phase of this process (NGF-primed). NGF-primed and unprimed PC12 cells were prepared for bioassay following exposure to various concentrations of NGF and/or lead. Neurite outgrowth was measured at 48 and 72 h during early stages of NGF-induced differentiation and at 14 h in NGF primed/replated cells. In the absence of NGF, exposure to lead alone (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 μ M) promoted measurable neurite outgrowth in unprimed PC12 cells at 48 and 72 h. A similar phenomenon was also observed in primed/replated PC12 cells at 14 h. However, this effect was two to five times greater than unprimed control cells. In the presence of NGF, a similar trend was apparent at lower concentrations, although the magnitude and temporal nature was different from lead alone. In most cases, the administration of higher lead concentrations (1 and 10 μ M), in both the absence or presence of NGF, was less effective than the lower concentrations in potentiating neurite outgrowth. These results suggest that lead alone at low doses may initiate premature stimulation of morphological differentiation that may be related to lead-induced alterations in Sp1 binding to DNA.
On the Dynamics of Stratocumulus Formation and Dissipation

Results obtained with a mixed layer model are used to study the dynamics of stratocumulus formation and dissipation in subtropical marine stratocumulus cloud regimes. The model used allows entrainment to be driven by shear as well as buoyancy, and includes a very crude parameterization of the partial blackness of thin cloud layers. Model results show that for some values of the large-scale divergence there are three equilibrium mixed layer structures, two of which are stable. One of the stable equilibria is cloudy, deep, and buoyancy-driven, while the other is clear, shallow, and shear-driven. It is found that as a result of hysteresis effects a transient increase in the large-scale divergence can produce a long-lasting break in the clouds.
Linkage and Association of Adrenergic and Dopamine Receptor Genes in the Distal Portion of the Long Arm of Chromosome 5 With Systolic Blood Pressure Variation

Elevated blood pressure is an important risk factor for renal-, cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases. We used an efficient discordant sib-pair ascertainment scheme to investigate the impact of the distal end of the long arm of human chromosome 5 (chromosomal region 5q31.1-qter) containing genes for the alpha1B and beta2 adrenergic receptors and the dopamine receptor type 1A on variation of systolic blood pressure in young Caucasians. We measured eight highly polymorphic markers spanning this positional candidate gene-rich region in 427 individuals from 55 three-generation pedigrees containing 69 discordant sibling pairs, and calculated multipoint identity by descent (MIBD) probabilities. The results of genetic linkage and association tests indicate that the region between markers D5S2093 and D5S462 is significantly linked to one or more polymorphic genes influencing interindividual variation in systolic blood pressure levels. Since the alpha1B adrenergic receptor and dopamine receptor type 1A genes are located close to these markers, these data suggest that genetic variation in one or both of these G protein-coupled receptors, which participate in the control of vascular tone, plays an important role in influencing interindividual variation in systolic blood pressure levels.
Efficient support of XQuery Full Text in SQL/XML enabled RDBMS

There has been more than decade of efforts of supporting storage, query and update XML documents in RDBMS. XML enabled RDBMS supports SQL/XML standard that defines XMLType as a SQL data type and allows XQuery/XPath embedded in XMLQuery(), XMLExists() and XMLTABLE() in SQL. In XML enabled RDBMS, both relational data and XML documents can be managed in one system and queried using SQL/XML language. However, the use case of management of document centric XML is not well-addressed due to the lacking of full text query constructs in XQuery. Recently, XQuery Full Text (XQFT) becomes the W3C recommendation. In this paper, we show how XQFT can be supported efficiently in SQL/XML for full text search of XML documents managed by XML enabled RDBMS, such as Oracle XMLDB. We present architecture of a new XML Full Text Index, XQuery compile time and run time enhancements to efficiently support XQFT in SQL/XML. We present our design rationale on how to exploit Information Retrieval (IR) techniques for XQFT support in RDBMS. The new XML Full Text Index can index common XML physical storage forms: such as text XML, binary XML, relational decomposition of the XML. Although our work is built within Oracle XMLDB, all of the presented principles and techniques in this paper are valuable enough to RDBMS industry that needs to effectively and efficiently support of XQFT over persisted XML documents.
Evaluation of a Nutrition Newsletter by Older Adults

Abstract Newsletters are an increasingly popular way of providing nutrition information. However, there has been little evaluation of their effectiveness as a communication vehicle. This study was conducted to evaluate older adults’ opinions about a nutrition newsletter designed specifically for them and to determine relationships between characteristics of older adults and their opinions. A nationwide sample of men and women aged 55 years and older was asked to answer an initial telephone survey with demographic, health, and nutrition-related questions. They were then asked to receive an issue of a nutrition newsletter written specifically for older adults. If they agreed, they were sent the newsletter, followed by a telephone call that included questions about their opinion of the newsletter relative to its appearance and content, as well as their interest in future nutrition newsletters. One hundred and seventy-two subjects completed all phases of the study. All three newsletter evaluation variables—appearance, interest in content, and interest in future issues—were rated positively by participants.The appearance of the newsletter received the most positive response. The best-fit models accounted for a relatively small percentage of the variation in appearance and content scores. A larger percentage of the variation in interest in future newsletters could be explained by the multivariate model, which found that women and those who were more interested in nutrition and reading were more likely to be interested in future newsletters. The results of this study suggest that a newsletter designed specifically for older adults is an effective way to gain the attention of its intended audience.
Gene-Based Approach to Human Gene-Phenotype Correlations

Elucidating the genetic basis of human phenotypes is a major goal of contemporary geneticists. Logically, two fundamental and contrasting approaches are available, one that begins with a phenotype and concludes with the identification of a responsible gene or genes; the other that begins with a gene and works toward identifying one or more phenotypes resulting from allelic variation of it. This paper provides a conceptual overview of phenotype-based vs. gene-based procedures with emphasis on gene-based methods. A key feature of a gene-based approach is that laboratory effort first is devoted to developing an assay for mutations in the gene under regard; the assay then is applied to the evaluation of large numbers of unrelated individuals with a variety of phenotypes that are deemed potentially resulting from alleles at the gene. No effort is directed toward chromosomally mapping the loci responsible for the phenotypes scanned. Example is made of my laboratory’s successful use of a gene-based approach to identify genes causing hereditary diseases of the retina such as retinitis pigmentosa. Reductions in the cost and improvements in the speed of scanning individuals for DNA sequence anomalies may make a gene-based approach an efficient alternative to phenotype-based approaches to correlating genes with phenotypes.
Green function for fluorescence from spherical particles located on a substrate

Fluorescence or Raman emission can be used in characterizing particles inside or near a surface, e.g., a biological cell or spore on a filter, or a contaminant particle on a silicon wafer. Here we model the emission from a sphere on a surface. The internal fields in a sphere on a surface are known for plane-wave excitation. These fields induce dipole moments in molecules in the sphere. These oscillating dipoles are the sources of the incident radiation at the shifted frequency. The Green function for emission is found by using the reciprocity theorem for Green functions along with the internal fields generated by a plane wave at the shifted frequency. Reciprocity provides a simple method for obtaining the far fields for systems for which the near/internal fields are known for plane-wave excitation.
The cancer screening practices of adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

BACKGROUND The current study characterized the self-reported cancer screening practices of adult survivors of childhood cancer. METHODS A cohort of 9434 long-term survivors of childhood cancer and a comparison group of 2667 siblings completed a 289-item survey that included items regarding cancer-screening practices. RESULTS Overall, 27.3% of female respondents reported performing breast self-examination (BSE) regularly, 78.2% reported undergoing a Papanicolaou smear within the previous 3 years, 62.4% underwent a clinical breast examination (CBE) within the last year, and 20.9% had gotten a mammogram at least once in their lifetime. Approximately 17.4% of male respondents reported performing regular testicular self-examination (TSE). Women age ≥ 30 years who had been exposed to chest or mantle radiation therapy were more likely to report undergoing CBE (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.32–1.92) and mammography (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.47–2.56). Compared with the sibling comparison group, survivors demonstrated an increased likelihood of performing TSE (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.22–1.85) or BSE (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10–1.52), of having undergone a CBE within the last year (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02–1.35), and of ever having undergone a mammogram (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.52–2.17). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study demonstrate that the cancer screening practices among survivors of childhood cancer are below optimal levels. Primary care physicians who include childhood cancer survivors among their patients could benefit these individuals by informing them about future cancer risks and recommending appropriate evidence-based screening. Cancer 2004. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Nodule distribution on the roots of soybean and a supernodulating mutant in sand-vermiculite

The distribution of nodules of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar Bragg and the supernodulating mutant derivative nts382 was examined on the primary root relative to the first emerging lateral root, and on laterals relative to the base of the roots of plants grown in sand-vermiculite. Mutant nts382 nodulates profusely even in the presence of nitrate and appears defective in a systemic autoregulatory response that regulates nodule number in soybean. Nodules were clustered on primary roots about the first 4 cm down from the first emerging lateral root in both genotypes. Nodulation profiles showed reduced nodulation in younger and older regions of the primary root. Similarly, nodules appeared clustered close to the base of the lateral roots. Decreasing inoculum dose shifted nodule emergence to younger regions of the primary root and to lateral roots emerging in younger portions of the primary root. Our results indicate that the supernodulating mutant is able to regulate nodule number in both primary and lateral roots in the particulate matrix.
CPT-Based Evaluation of Liquefaction and Lateral Spreading in Centrifuge

Two series of centrifuge model tests were conducted using Nevada sand. Four saturated models placed in a mildly inclined laminar box and simulating a 6-m-thick deposit were shaken inducing liquefaction effects and lateral spreading. The sand was deposited at a relative density, Dr =45 or 75%; two of the 45% models were subjected to overconsolidation or preshaking. The second series involved in-flight measurements of static cone tip penetration resistance, qc , simulating the standard cone penetration test (CPT) 36-mm cone. Values of qc increased with Dr , overconsolidation, and preshaking. A normalized resistance, qc1N , was assigned to each of the four liquefaction/lateral spreading models. Increases in Dr , overconsolidation, and preshaking decreased liquefaction and ground deformation, but relative density alone captured these effects rather poorly. Conversely, qc1N predicted extremely well the liquefaction and lateral spreading response of the four models, confirming Seed’s hypothesis to explain the s...
Silicon diffraction gratings for use in the far and extreme ultraviolet

We report the fabrication and evaluation of silicon diffraction gratings for use in the far- and extreme- ultraviolet. An interference technique was used to expose a layer of photoresist on a 10 cm silicon wafer in a series of parallel strips. V-shaped grooves were then etched into the wafer anisotropically. Diffraction efficiencies for a first pair of gratings at groove periods of 1.0 and 2.5 micrometers were measured. The process leaves much room for refinement, but shows promise in that the gratings produce clear diffraction orders with reasonable efficiency and have groove facets free of pitting or sharp ridges.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
No Evidence for Linkage Between Diabetes and the Kidd Marker

We have studied linkage analysis between the Kidd (Jk) red blood cell marker locus and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD) in an attempt to confirm the preliminary report of Hodge et al. One hundred thirty-two families with one IDD proband (67 simplex and 65 multiplex families) were analyzed using the LIPED computer program and assuming three genetic models (autosomal recessive, additive, and dominant) with parameters similar to those used by Hodge et al. The lod scores at zero recombination were - 18.51, - 11.62, and - 6.03 for the recessive, additive, and dominant models, respectively. These results constitute significant evidence against tight linkage between Kidd and IDD, while providing no evidence for looser linkage, and are in contrast with the positive lod scores found by Hodge et al. in a different population.
Pioneer 10 observations of jupiter: An appeal for ground-based coverage

Abstract A plea is entered for extensive ground-based observations of Jupiter around the first week of December, 1973, to coordinate with coverage by the Pioneer 10 flyby.
Effect of mechanical force with laser-thermal probes on the vaporization of atherosclerotic plaque

To define the effect of mechanical force during vaporization of atherosclerotic tissue, commercially available thermal and thermal-optical laser probe systems were used to irradiate fresh homogenous atherosclerotic cadaveric human aorta in air. Force was applied as perpendicular pressure ranging from 5 to 40 gm at 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0 watts. Probe vaporization rate [VR] (tissue penetration in mm/sec) and vaporzation efficiency [VE] (volume of tissue vaporized/joule) were calculated for each irradiation. Probe temperatures [PT] were monitored using K-type thermocouples. The volume of carbonization surrounding each crater was used to quantify the amount of thermal damage [TD]. The following observations were made using these probe systems: (1) For the thermal system, VR was found to be constant with regard to force, but rose abruptly with increasing power from 3 to 4 watts. No significant increase in VE was observed with increasing force (ANOVA, P < 0.10). PT and TD also showed no dependence on force. (2) For the thermal-optical system, VR increased with applied force up to 30 gm, but reached a plateau or even decreased at greater forces. VE increased significantly at forces less than or equal to 20 gm (ANOVA, p < 0.05); however, at higher forces VE began to decrease. PT and TD both decreased with increasing probe force. Comparing the two probe systems revealed that VR and VE were significantly greater (ANOVA, p < 0.0001 and - < 0.005, respectively) but TD was not significantly smaller (ANOVA, p < 0.10) for the thermal-optical system compared to the thermal system. Within the range of energy settings evaluated, increasing mechanical force consistently enhanced vaporization up to 30gm of pressure when using the thermal-optical probe. Using the thermal probe system, this effect occurred abruptly when the power was increased. Thus, mechanical force seems to enhance laser recanalization, however, if much force is applied vaporizatioin efficiency starts to drop.
Low bone density in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment

Abstract Aim To examine the frequency and severity of low bone mineral density (BMD) among patients enrolled in a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program and to ascertain risk factors for low BMD in this population. Design Cross-sectional. Measurements Data derived from standardized survey, medical record review, and dual energy X-ray densitometry (DXA). Results DXA results were below normal in 83% (76/92) of the study sample with T -scores n = 5), testosterone ( n = 4), calcium ( n = 4), and Vitamin D ( n = 2). None of the participants reported a known diagnosis of osteoporosis. In bivariate analyses, significant predictors of low BMD were: male gender ( p p = 0.009), and heavy alcohol use ( p = 0.02). Conclusion More than three quarters of this sample of patients in a MMT program had low BMD. Treatable conditions associated with low BMD were commonplace. Efforts to increase awareness of low BMD in MMT patients should be considered so that effective treatment may be employed to lower future fracture risk.
High-Throughput Transcriptome Sequencing Identifies Candidate Genetic Modifiers of Vulnerability to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Background Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disability. Genetic factors can modify vulnerability to FASD, but these elements are poorly characterized. Methods We performed high-throughput transcriptional profiling to identify gene candidates that could potentially modify vulnerability to ethanol's (EtOH's) neurotoxicity. We interrogated a unique genetic resource, neuroprogenitor cells from 2 closely related Gallus gallus lines having well-characterized robust or attenuated EtOH responses with respect to intracellular calcium mobilization and CaMKII/β-catenin-dependent apoptosis. Samples were not exposed to EtOH prior to analysis. Results We identified 363 differentially expressed genes in neuroprogenitors from these 2 lines. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed several gene clusters having significantly differential enrichment in gene expression. The largest and most significant cluster comprised ribosomal proteins (38 genes, p = 1.85 × 10−47). Other significantly enriched gene clusters included metabolism (25 genes, p = 0.0098), oxidative phosphorylation (18 genes, p = 1.10 × 10−11), spliceosome (13 genes, p = 7.02 × 10−8), and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (9 genes, p = 0.0011). Inspection of gene ontogeny (GO) terms identified 24 genes involved in the calcium/β-catenin signals that mediate EtOH's neurotoxicity in this model, including β-catenin itself and both calmodulin isoforms. Conclusions Four of the identified pathways with altered transcript abundance mediate the flow of cellular information from RNA to protein. Importantly, ribosome biogenesis also senses nucleolar stress and regulates p53-mediated apoptosis in neural crest. Human ribosomopathies produce craniofacial malformations and 11 known ribosomopathy genes were differentially expressed in this model of neural crest apoptosis. Rapid changes in ribosome expression are consistently observed in EtOH-treated mouse embryo neural folds, a model that is developmentally similar to ours. The recurring identification of ribosome biogenesis suggests it is a candidate modifier of EtOH vulnerability. These results highlight this approach's efficacy to formulate new, mechanistic hypotheses regarding EtOH's developmental damage.
Autoimmun-Enzephalitiden – eine Erkrankungsgruppe mit vielen Gesichtern

In den letzen 10 Jahren wurde eine Reihe von neurologischen Syndromen beschrieben, denen das Auftreten von Antikorpern gegen neuronale Zelloberflachenproteine gemeinsam ist. Sowohl Kinder als auch Erwachsene konnen betroffen sein. Klinisch konnen ein amnestisches Syndrom, epileptische Anfalle, kognitive Storungen oder psychiatrische Symptome im Vordergrund stehen. Manche Patienten entwickeln eine generalisierte Enzephalopathie mit Bewusstseinsstorungen, Hyperkinesien und hypothalamischen Storungen. Ein Teil der Betroffenen leidet an Ovarialteratomen, Thymomen oder einem kleinzelligen Bronchuskarzinom. Bei den meisten Patienten findet sich jedoch kein Tumor.
Lead Isotope Analysis for Provenance Studies in the Aegean Region: A Re-Evaluation

For more than a decade lead isotope analyses have been used in attempts to identify ore sources for silver and lead artifacts from the Aegean region. These regional provenance studies have been used to formulate statements on archaeological issues in the Aegean. Methods of data analysis and presentation used to interpret lead isotope analyses have been borrowed directly from the field of geology, where this technique was developed and originally applied. However, the goals of geologists and those of archaeologists are not the same.
Group Counseling for Heterosexual, Interpersonal Skills: Mixed- or Same-Sex Group Composition.

Abstract Implications for group composition are discussed in this article, in which the outcome literature on mixed-sex versus same-sex groups is reviewed.
Incomplete oxidation of palmitate and leakage of intermediary products during anoxia

Abstract Surviving isolated rat hearts were perfused utilizing the Langendorff technique with [1- 14 C]palmitate or [16- 14 C]palmitate. During anoxia it was possible to isolate shorter-chain fatty acids and hydroxylated intermediates in the perfusate. When the heart was well oxygenated this was not the case. During oxygenation most of the palmitate was utilized and some of its labeled fragments were used for elongation of other fatty acids. During anoxia this was not observed. The fatty acid composition of the heart did not show a statistically significant change during anoxia, but the perfusate was enriched with some metabolites. It is suggested that changes in permeability in the cell membrane which occur during anoxia may cause leakage or transport of lipids, including short fatty acids and hydroxy intermediates.
Opportunities and Responsibilities of Agricultural Economists: A General View

The title "Opportunities and Responsibilities of Agricultural Economists" is really a question of how agricultural economists can be more useful as we look into the future. There is no single answer to this question, but the changed conditions of today as compared to as recently as three to five years ago dictate that we must recognize the environmental change that has taken place around us. We are in a different political world than we were as recently as five years ago. The upsurge of consumer advocacy and the thrust of the consumer movement into the areas of food and fiber production and disposition are a real political force today. We can expect this to continue. The consumers and their advocates
Signal transduction responses to lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate in human prostate cancer cells.

BACKGROUND Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are lipid mediators that bind to G-protein-coupled receptors. In this study, signaling responses to 18:1 LPA and S1P were examined in parallel in three human prostate cancer cell lines: PC-3, Du145, and LNCaP. METHODS Receptor expression was assessed by RT-PCR, Northern blotting, and immunoblotting. Cellular responses to mediators were studied by proliferation assays, phosphoprotein immunoblotting, and phospholipid metabolism assays. RESULTS All cell lines express mRNA for both LPA and S1P receptors. PC-3 and Du145, but not LNCaP, proliferate in response to LPA and S1P. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), LPA, and S1P induce activation of Erks in PC-3 and Du145; only EGF and PMA activate Erks in LNCaP. In Du145 and PC-3, Akt is activated by EGF, LPA, and S1P. Akt is constitutively active in LNCaP; EGF but not LPA or S1P stimulates further phosphorylation. FAK is phosphorylated in response to both LPA and S1P in PC-3 and Du145, but not in LNCaP. LPA and S1P stimulate phospholipase D (PLD) activity to varying extents in the different cell lines. Notably, both lipid mediators activate PLD in LNCaP. In Du145, LPA, but not S1P, activates PLD and enhances cellular production of LPA. CONCLUSIONS Although both LPA and S1P induce signal transduction in all prostate cancer cell lines studied, a proliferation response is observed only when the Erk, Akt, and FAK pathways are activated. Other responses to the lipid mediators, such as PLD activation, likely contribute to other cellular outcomes. Prostate 69: 1493–1506, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Inflammation enhances peripheral μ-opioid receptor-mediated analgesia, but not μ-opioid receptor transcription in dorsal root ganglia

mu-Opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2,NMe-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO)-induced peripheral analgesic effects occur early in hindpaws inoculated with Freund's complete adjuvant and increase in parallel to the development of inflammatory signs. Antagonism of these effects by beta-funaltrexamine, an irreversible mu-opioid receptor antagonist, suggests that the effective number of peripheral opioid receptors does not increase during early stages, but does so at later stages of the inflammation. As determined by a ribonuclease protection assay, mu-opioid receptor mRNA in dorsal root ganglia is abundant in untreated animals, but does not significantly increase following inflammation. Thus, peripheral analgesic efficacy of DAMGO is not correlated with transcription or number of mu-opioid receptors at early inflammatory stages. At later stages, however, the number of peripheral mu-opioid receptors appears to increase and may enhance opioid efficacy.
Job Satisfaction and Subjective Well‐Being in a Sample of Nurses

It is surprising that there are no published studies exploring job satisfaction and subjective well-being (SWB) in nurses given the current shortage (Clark & Clark, 2002). For the present study, 152 nurses completed measures of job satisfaction, SWB, and social desirability. The Dimensions of Satisfaction scale was designed for this study and demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. Results indicated that the most important aspect to nurses’ job satisfaction is pay, followed by staffing and benefits. When entering the field, nurses most valued pay, followed by personal fulfillment and respect. A majority of the sample (59%) indicated satisfaction with their job, but this is well below the national average for American workers (85%; National Opinion Research Center, 2000). Nurses indicated higher SWB than the general population (Myers & Diener, 1996). However, the correlation between job satisfaction and SWB was lower than that of the general population (Tail, Padgett, & Baldwin, 1989).
Comparative Vasoactive Effects of Amrinone on Systemic and Pulmonary Arteries in Rabbits

Amrinone has been increasingly used in management of low cardiac output syndrome during anesthesia, particularly when associated with right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. This in vitro study was performed to determine and compare the direct vasoactive effects of amrinone on isolated rabbit systemic and pulmonary arteries. Responses of aortic and pulmonary artery rings from New Zealand white rabbits were assessed in the presence and absence of intact endothelium and with or without precontraction by norepinephrine (NE, 3×10 −6 M) or potassium chloride (KCl, 3×10 −2 M). Using a tissue bath preparation, cumulative concentration response curves of amrinone were obtained at different concentrations after a period of stabilization. Amrinone caused a dose-related vasodilation of NE-precontracted aortic and pulmonary arteries. It elicited about 65% and 90% relaxation, respectively, at a concentration of 300 μmol/L. Amrinone also induced a dose-related vasodilation of KCl-precontracted aortic and pulmonary arteries but to a lesser degree. All these effects were endothelium independent. By comparison, amrinone caused more relaxation in both NE- and KCl-precontracted pulmonary artery than aortic rings. In conclusion, amrinone has significant endothelium-independent, direct vasodilatory effects on isolated rabbit systemic and pulmonary arteries, more pronounced in the latter, particularly NE-precontracted vessels. Amrinone may have some calcium channel-blocking effect.
Venus Map : a Detailed Look at the Feature |[beta]|

Venus map, discussing two dimensional technique using radar range and Doppler shift for study of surface
Cosmic ray exposure ages of features and events at the Apollo landing sites

Cosmic-ray exposure ages of lunar samples have been used to date surface features related to impact cratering and downslope movement of material. Only when multiple samples related to a feature have the same rare-gas exposure age or when a single sample has the same Kr-81 -Kr and track-exposure age can a feature be considered as reliably dated. Based on these criteria, there are only five well-dated lunar features: Cone Crater (Apollo 14), 26 m.y,; North Ray Crater (Apollo 16), 50 m.y.; South Ray Crater (Apollo 16), 2 m.y.; the emplacement of the Station 6 boulders (Apollo 17), 22 m.y.; and the emplacement of the Station 7 boulder (Apollo 17), 28 m.y. Other features are tentatively dated or have limits set on their ages: Bench Crater (Apollo 12), upper limit of 99 m.y.; Baby Ray Crater (Apollo 16), upper limit of 2 m.y.; Shorty Crater (Apollo 17), approximately 30 m.y.; Camelot Crater (Apollo 17) upper limit of 140 m.y.; the emplacement of the Station 2 boulder 1 (Apollo 17), 45 to 55 m.y.; and the slide which generated the light mantle (Apollo 17), lower limit of 50 m.y.
Retrospective diagnosis of sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease and parvovirus infection by molecular DNA analysis of postmortem tissue

A previously healthy 30-year-old African-American woman presented with a history of sickle cell trait and a nonspecific prodromal illness with severe bone pain. She experienced rapid clinical deterioration with seizures and cardiorespiratory arrest leading to death. Autopsy showed necrotic bone marrow with extensive bone marrow emboli. Parvovirus infection was documented by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) although diagnostic intranuclear inclusions or giant pronormoblasts were not present. The diagnosis of sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease (hemoglobin SC disease) was also established postmortem by DNA sequencing of PCR products. This case illustrates the use and versatility of PCR for analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy tissue.
Knowledge/Skills and Physical Activity: Two Different Coins, or Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Some believe that physical education should teach children the knowledge about and motor skills needed to be physically active and to do various physical activities. Others believe that the main purpose of physical education is to enhance children's physical activity levels. Are these views two different coins, or are they actually two sides of the same coin?
Fine-needle aspiration for the diagnosis of primary epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland and ocular adnexa.

Results of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of solid-tissue neoplasms arising in the periocular glands are infrequently reported in the literature. To our knowledge, no previous series relating to this topic exist. Neoplastic processes that arise in the semiconfined area of the orbit behave as space-occupying lesions. Such lesions can exert significant pressure on the globe, be responsible for altered vision, and result in proptosis. When noninvasive techniques fail to confirm or rule out the suspicion of a neoplastic lacrimal or adnexal lesion, FNA may be of use in establishing a diagnosis in an efficient, reliable, timely, cost-effective, and safe manner. During the 14-yr interval from 1986-1999, 77 orbital/ ocular needle aspiration biopsies were conducted by staff ophthalmologists at Allegheny General Hospital (Pittsburgh, PA). Review of the diagnoses for these specimens revealed seven primary solid-tissue lesions of the lacrimal gland and other adnexal glands, all arising in adult patients (age range, 45-92 yr; mean age, 74 yr). Primary lacrimal and adnexal gland neoplasms were found to represent ∼9% of orbital fine-needle aspirations (7/79). The 7 cases included 3 lacrimal gland lesions diagnosed as benign mixed tumors, 3 lesions diagnosed as adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland, and 1 tumor diagnosed as sebaceous carcinoma of the meibomian holocrine glands. Cytologic diagnoses were rendered using standard criteria for salivary gland-type tumors. Tissue confirmation was available from surgical follow-up in 4 of the 7 cases, with 100% correlation. Although primary neoplasms of the lacrimal gland and glands of the eyelids are rare, accurate diagnoses of such lesions may be established with minimally invasive aspiration techniques. Preoperative aspiration biopsy diagnoses provide a great advantage to ophthalmic surgeons who routinely operate in a conservative fashion in an area of the body requiring great attention to cosmesis. Our experience indicates that FNA is a reliable and effective tool in the diagnosis and management of primary lacrimal and ocular adnexal tumors.
Spoken Word Recognition in School-Age Children with SLI: Semantic, Phonological, and Repetition Priming.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to contribute to the current understanding of how children with specific language impairment (SLI) organize their mental lexicons. The study examined semantic ...
The full 2p-h tda and other self-energy approximants: a comparative investigation

Abstract A super-operator formulation for decoupling symmetry blocks of the full 2p-h TDA electron propagator matrix is presented, accuracy is explored using the full 2p-h TDA overlap amplitudes to calculate relative ionization intensities for N2 and H2O. The effect of excluding orbitais on IPs and relative ionization cross sections is reported.
Are common language effect sizes easier to understand than traditional effect sizes

Communicating the results of research to nonscientists presents many challenges. Among these challenges is communicating the effectiveness of an intervention in a way that people untrained in statistics can understand. Use of traditional effect size metrics (e.g., r, r²) has been criticized as being confusing to general audiences. In response, researchers have developed nontraditional effect size indicators (e.g., binomial effect size display, common language effect size indicator) with the goal of presenting information in a more understandable manner. The studies described here present the first empirical test of these claims of understandability. Results show that nontraditional effect size indicators are perceived as more understandable and useful than traditional indicators for communicating the effectiveness of an intervention. People also rated training programs as more effective and were willing to pay more for programs whose effectiveness was described using the nontraditional effect size metrics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)
Individual versus group discontinuity: The role of intergroup contact.

Abstract Following earlier demonstrations of more competitiveness between groups than between individuals in the context of a PDG matrix, two additional conditions were studied. These were a group-all condition in which the intergroup contact involved all the members in both groups (rather than just representatives as in the previously studied group-representative condition), and an interdependence condition in which physically separated individuals shared their winnings with the other subjects on the same side of the suite of rooms (rather than neither giving winnings to nor receiving winnings from other such subjects as in the previously studied individuals condition). The results indicated that there was a large overall tendency for the group-representative and group-all conditions to be more competitive than the individuals and interdependence conditions, that the group-representative condition was more competitive than the group-all condition, and that the interdependence condition and individuals condition did not differ. The difference between the group-representative and group-all condition was interpreted as consistent with a prediction that intergroup contact can reduce competitiveness even when there is conflict and the absence of norms requiring cooperative behavior. The lack of difference between the interdependence condition and the individuals condition was interpreted as inconsistent with an altruisticrationalization hypothesis according to which group members rationalize their competitiveness toward the other group as being enacted for the sake of fellow group members.
Errors in Emergency Physician Interpretation of ST‐segment Elevation in Emergency Department Chest Pain Patients

. Objective: To determine the rate of error in emergency physician (EP) interpretation of the cause of electrocardiographic (ECG) ST-segment elevation (STE) in adult chest pain patients. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective ECG review of adult chest pain patients in a university hospital emergency department (ED) over a three-month period (January 1 to March 31, 1996). ST-segment elevation was determined to be present if the ST segment was elevated ≥1 mm in the limb leads and ≥2 mm in the precordial leads in at least two anatomically contiguous leads. Initial eEP ECG interpretation was compared with the final interpretation by a cardiologist supported by the results of various clinical investigations. The rate of incorrect ECG diagnosis was calculated. Results: Two hundred two patients had STEs. The rate of ECG STE misinterpretation was 12 of 202 (5.9%). The most frequently misdiagnosed form of STE was left ventricular aneurysm, for which two of five cases were believed to represent acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The benign early repolarization (BER) pattern was the second most frequently misinterpreted STE entity—in a total of three cases, two were initially noted to represent pericarditis and one AMI. ST-segment elevation resulting from actual AMI was initially incorrectly noted to be noninfarction in etiology in two cases, one patient with BER and the other with left ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusions: Emergency physicians show a low rate of ECG misinterpretation in the patient with chest pain and STE. The clinical consequences of this misinterpretation are minimal.
Reply to Comment on "Kinetics of a Diels -Alder Reaction of Maleic Anhydride and Isoprene in Supercritical CO2"

the reason for the difficulties in obtaining the rateconstants published in ref 4 from the raw data of ref 2 stemsfrom the (partial) mislabeling of the columns in the thesis ofG. C. Alexander (ref 2). We confirm that, when interpreted assuggested in the Comment (i.e., that in Appendix C of ref 2 thecolumn for the weight of maleic anhydride (MA) is labeled asthe weight of methylcyclohexene dicarboxylic anhydride(MCDA), the reaction product, and the column for the weightof MCDA is labeled as the weight of MA, with the exceptionof the two last rows where the numerical information corre-sponds to the column headings), the rate data from the ref 4are reproduced.The major point of our paper (ref 1) is that the measurementsin the earlier studies (refs 2 and 4) were performed in amultiphase system. The Comment erroneously implies that thisconclusion is based on (or is supported by) the observation thatthe apparent rate constant observed in our experiments in themultiphase region is larger than the true rate constant in thesupercritical phase measured at very low mole fractions of thereactants. Throughout our paper (ref 1) we compare our resultswith both the rate constants reported in ref 1 and the rateconstants obtained from the raw data of ref 2 based on theoriginal headings of the tabulated data. In both cases a significantdiscrepancy between our measurements and the previousmeasurements exists. However, our conclusions were not madeon the basis of the relative sign of this discrepancy, as could bederived from the Comment. On the contrary, several briefdiscussions are offered (ref 1) on the difficulties in theassessment of the impact of the second phase on the overallreaction rate, on the adequacy of the sampling procedure, andsubsequently, on the measured apparent rate constant.“The presence of a second (liquid) phase could affect thereaction rate in several ways. Both acceleration and decelerationof the overall reaction are possible, depending on both thereaction rate constants in the two phases and their compositions.If the liquid phase is enriched by both reactants, then theacceleration of the overall reaction is anticipated even for equalintrinsic reaction rate constants in both phases. If the reactantsare partitioned between the two phases, then the decelerationof the overall reaction could be expected. And, finally, the rateconstants in the supercritical and the liquid phases could differdue to the solvent effects.” (Reference 1, p 9428).“An additional reason for the difference in the apparent rateconstants measured in two-phase systems could be in thedifference in experimental procedures used. In the current work,the mole fractions of isoprene in the samples obtained fromthe gas phase were measured (Figure 3b). In refs 6, 7, bothmaleic anhydride (MA) and MCDA were sampled from the gasphase, but only the ratios of the mole fractions of MA andMCDA in the samples are available.
Raman spectrum of S2- and Se2- in KI

Abstract The Raman scattering from the internal vibrational mode of S 2 - and Se 2 - molecules trapped at I - sites in KI has been observed.
Statistical profiling and visualization for detection of malicious insider attacks on computer networks

The massive volume of intrusion detection system (IDS) alarms generated on large networks, and the resulting need for labor-intensive security analysis of the text-based IDS alarm logs, has recently brought into question the cost-effectiveness of IDSs. In particular, when host-based IDSs are used to monitor an organization's internal networks, the majority of the resulting alarms represent legitimate, automated system administration. Because of the absence of ground truth about known attacks, we propose an unsupervised, anomaly-based method for automatically distinguishing alarms that are potentially generated by malicious insider attacks, from the repetitive and temporally structured legitimate system-administration alarms. The majority of previous work in this area has used heuristic and statistical filtering techniques to discard a relatively large proportion of alarms in the final presentation to the security analyst, which is a potentially dangerous practice. Instead, we demonstrate the use of a typicality measure to visualize the apparent risk associated with alarms, while retaining information about the temporal context of the entire alarm stream for the analyst to view. The relevance of the statistical method is examined by comparing the results to a set of analyst-curated alarms from an operational environment.
Role of ABO Erthrocyte Groups in Human Histocompatibility Reactions

THE role of red blood cell group antigens in human histocompatibility has long been a matter of controversy1–6. It has recently been noted by Griffiths and Crikelair7, and by Kuhns, Rapaport et al.8, that a rise in anti-A and anti-B antibodies may occur following the exchange of skin homografts between blood group-incompatible subjects. This communication describes a series of experiments which provide suggestive evidence that erythrocyte group antigens may, on suitable immunization of recipients, play a significant part in conditioning the response of these subjects to first-set skin homografts.