cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
We’re Here, We’re Queer, Get Used to It: Freedom of Assembly and Gay Pride in Alekseyev v. Russia

In 2006, Nikolai Alekseyev and LGBT activists marched in a gay pride parade in defiance of a ban instituted by the Moscow government. This action resulted in riots, beatings, and the arrest of Mr. Alekseyev and event organizers. After experiencing a number of roadblocks in the Russian judicial system, Alekseyev and the co-organizers decided to bring suit against the Russian government in the European Court of Human Rights, alleging violations of certain rights under the European Convention for Human Rights. In 2011, the ECt.HR entered final judgment finding that Russia had violated the right of free assembly, inter alia, of Alekseyev and other petitioners, with discriminatory intent due to their sexual orientation. This Note examines the Court's decision in detail, arguing that the decision is following a recent -- though not universal -- trend in expanding recognition and protection of gay rights in Europe, especially in rights of assembly and participation.
An Educational Video Game for Nutrition of Young People

Background. Playing Escape from Diab DIAB and Nanoswarm NANO, epic video game adventures, increased fruit and vegetable consumption among a multi-ethnic sample of 10-12 year old children during pilot testing. Key elements of both games were educational mini-games embedded in the overall game that promoted knowledge acquisition regarding diet, physical activity and energy balance. 95-100% of participants demonstrated mastery of these mini-games suggesting knowledge acquisition. Aim. This article describes the process of designing and developing the educational mini-games. A second purpose is to explore the experience of children while playing the games. Method. The educational games were based on Social Cognitive and Mastery Learning Theories. A multidisciplinary team of behavioral nutrition, PA, and video game experts designed, developed, and tested the mini-games. Results. Alpha testing revealed children generally liked the mini-games and found them to be reasonably challenging. Process evaluation data from pilot testing revealed almost all participants completed nearly all educational mini-games in a reasonable amount of time suggesting feasibility of this approach. Conclusions. Future research should continue to explore the use of video games in educating children to achieve healthy behavior changes.
Controlling Pink Bollworms: Effects of Chemical Termination of Cotton Fruiting on Populations of Diapausing Larvae

Applications of plant growth regulators in late August effectively terminated the fruiting of cotton and significantly reduced populations of diapausing larvae of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (by 90% or more) in Arizona during 1972–74. As a result, fewer overwintered moths (39%) emerged the following spring from terminated plots. Applications in mid-, or late August were more effective than applications in early September. Yields were not significantly reduced by most treatments. The most effective materials tested were 2.4-D (amine salt of 2,4-dichlorophelloxy) acetic acid + chlorflurenol (methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate) and 2, 4-D + chlormequat ((2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride).
The Ability of Elderly People to Traverse Slippery Walking Surfaces

The experiment reported in this paper is a comparison of the biomechanical parameters associated with the gait of younger and older subjects walking over slippery and non - slippery floor surfaces. The parameters compared include stride length, ground reaction force (required coefficient of friction), micro-slip distance, and heel velocity. The results indicate a significant difference in subjective assessments of floor slipperiness and biomechanical parameters of waking such as slip distance, stride length, heel velocity, and required coefficient of friction between younger and older individuals.
Radiologic indicators prior to renal cell cancer thrombectomy: Implications for vascular reconstruction and mortality

Background: Renal cancer may invade the inferior vena cava (IVC) creating more complex surgical intervention. We investigate radiologic findings that may predict vascular reconstruction prior to surgery and future renal cancer-specific mortality. Materials and Methods: Radiologic findings included Mayo Clinic risk factors for vascular reconstruction: Right-sided tumor, anteroposterior diameter of the IVC at the ostium of the renal vein ≥24.0 mm, and radiologic identification of complete occlusion of the IVC. Additional factors included thrombus in the lumen of the hepatic veins and metastasis. Along with other demographic factors, analysis included Chi-squared analysis for vascular reconstruction and logistic regression for mortality. A Kaplan–Meier curve was created for the most significant radiologic factor. Results: Thirty-seven patients underwent IVC tumor thrombectomy at two institutions from April 2007 to February 2015. We found that Mayo risk factors of 0, 1, 2, and 3 and the proportions of vascular reconstruction of 0%, 0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively (P = 0.788). Hepatic vein involvement was the most significant determinate of renal cell carcinoma-specific mortality in multivariable analysis, controlling for the size of IVC at the hepatic veins, pulmonary metastasis, and Fuhrman grade (P = 0.02, Log-rank P = 0.002). Conclusion: Mayo risk factors did not predict vascular reconstruction in our small cohort of Level II–Level IV IVC thrombus undergoing IVC thrombectomy. Tumor thrombus traveling into the lumen of the hepatic veins was a significant risk factor for accelerated mortality.
Benefit-Cost Analysis

Benefit-cost analysis is a technique for assessing the economic utility of a public investment project. The technique can be used to indicate whether a specific expenditure should be undertaken. It can also be used to determine the appropriate scale of investment and thus the optimum size of a specific investment project, as well as the product-mix, capital intensity, and other aspects of project design. A benefit-cost approach can also be employed as the framework for a general theory of government investment. In this chapter emphasis will be placed on benefit-cost as a decision technique, although some attention is also directed to benefit-cost as investment theory.
Pityriasis lichenoides chronica–like drug eruption developing during pembrolizumab treatment for metastatic melanoma

Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as ipilimumab (anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen), pembrolizumab, and nivolumab (anti–programmed death receptor 1) represent some of the newest and most promising medications for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.1 As a class, immune checkpoint inhibitors interfere with tumoral suppression of T cells, resulting in a more robust immune response and subsequent benefit in the treatment of melanoma, non–small-cell lung cancer, and potentially other malignancies. Unfortunately, immune checkpoint inhibitors also interfere with suppression of autoimmunity, and several immune-related adverse events have been attributed to these medications.2, 3, 4 Patients receiving programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have had morbilliform eruptions, vitiligo, pruritus, neutrophilic dermatosis, lichen planus, psoriasis, bullous erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and bullous pemphigoid.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Here we present a novel case of a pityriasis lichenoides chronica–like drug eruption developing during pembrolizumab therapy.
World War I and the origins of US military intelligence, by James L. Gilbert, Lanham, MD, Scarecrow Press, 2012

Whether you visit a bookstore (if you can find one) or a university library, your conclusion will be the same: little is written about America's involvement in World War I. When it comes to the sub...
David Oliver: Awkward questions about NHS management consultancy.

In 2014 I sent a freedom of information request to the Department of Health that was potentially awkward for the government. It was about NHS spending on management consultancy.1 Despite the NHS efficiency drive and a 2010 ministerial pledge to reduce these costs by 45%, yearly spending on consultants doubled in 2010-14 from £313m to £640m.2 This made the national press,3 4 but the health and care sector hasn’t got over its addiction to consultancy. A King’s Fund report on sustainability and transformation plans (STPs) describes a perception among health service leaders that the plans have created an …
High Levels of Soluble HLA-I in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Relevance to Clinical Behavior and b2M Levels.

Human leukocyte antigen-class I (HLA-I) molecules are membrane-associated proteins that contain two separate polypeptide chains: an alpha heavy chain and a beta chain. The beta chain is the b-2 microglobulin (b2-M). Significant levels of free soluble HLA-I (sHLA-I) have been detected in serum and studied as a marker for immunomodulation in patients with infection and after transplant. Little is known about the role of sHLA-I as a tumor marker, despite the documentation of b2-M as a tumor marker. We measured the levels of sHLA-I and b2-M in the plasma of 205 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 95 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and assessed the value of both markers in predicting clinical behavior. Both sHLA-I and b2-M were strong predictors of response to therapy (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, respectively), overall survival (both P
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Recognizing and Treating Complications

Postoperative complications following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) can be broadly grouped into early and late complications. Complications that occur within the 2-week postoperative period are considered an early complication. Complications after the second postoperative week are considered late complications.
Enhanced Temporal Resolution with Ion Channel-Functionalized Sensors Using a Conductance-Based Measurement Protocol

The binding of a target analyte to an ion channel (IC), which is readily detected electrochemically in a label-free manner with single-molecule selectivity and specificity, has generated widespread interest in using natural and engineered ICs as transducers in biosensing platforms. To date, the majority of developments in IC-functionalized sensing have focused on IC selectivity or sensitivity or development of suitable membrane environments and aperture geometries. Comparatively little work has addressed analytical performance criteria, particularly criteria required for temporal measurements of dynamic processes. We report a measurement protocol suitable for rapid, time-resolved monitoring (≤30 ms) of IC-modulated membrane conductance. Key features of this protocol include the reduction of membrane area and the use of small voltage steps (10 mV) and short duration voltage pulses (10 ms), which have the net effect of reducing the capacitive charging and decreasing the time required to achieve steady state...
Wrinkles in the atrium: age, atrial fibrillation, or something else.

Without question, the most striking risk association for developing atrial fibrillation (AF) is advancing age ([1][1]). Structural and electrophysiological changes occur in nearly all tissue with aging. The cellular electrophysiological changes seen with AF are understood to be of complex etiology
Service Delivery Outcomes in ASD: Role of Parent Education, Empowerment, and Professional Partnerships

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) utilize a greater number of healthcare services compared to children with other developmental disabilities. Despite this, children with ASD remain at high risk for unmet service needs, which are compounded by differences in socioeconomic status (SES). Both empowerment and parent-professional partnership play a role in service outcomes and may be especially important in understanding these service disparities. Our goal was to better understand the contributions of these variables to service disparities in families of children with ASD. Two-hundred forty-nine parents of children with ASD between the ages of 3 and 20 participated in this online survey. Results support previous research highlighting high levels of unmet needs that are exacerbated by differences in parent education, a common indicator of SES. Empowerment and parent-professional partnership also predicted service delivery outcomes. While high quality partnership predicted greater service adequacy, empowerment was inversely related to services. Furthermore, an interaction found that highly empowered families experiencing poor quality partnerships reported worse service delivery outcomes, while empowerment was not a factor in services for families experiencing high quality partnerships. Parent-professional partnership partially mediated the relationship between parent education and service delivery outcomes. As such, increasing parent-professional partnerships through family-centered care and professional training may help to reduce education-related service disparities and improve satisfaction with care for families and children with ASD.
Fever-Induced Epileptic Encephalopathy (FIRES)

Clinical and imaging characteristics of fever-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy (FIRES), idiopathic hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia syndrome (IHHS), and related acute encephalopathies are reviewed by researchers at Descartes University, Paris, France; Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy: and Institute of Biomedical Imaging, Orsay, France.
Advances in the treatment of gastric cancer

Purpose of reviewTo review the recent literature regarding treatment of gastric cancer.Recent findingsAddition of postoperative radiation therapy to perioperative chemotherapy offers no survival benefit. Fluoropyrimidines, in particular 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), are the backbone for gastric cancer chem
Current status and future prospects for the development of substance abuse vaccines

Substance use disorders (SUD) are a significant threat to both individual and public health. To date, SUD pharmacotherapy has focused primarily on agonist medications (i.e. nicotine replacement therapy for tobacco use disorder; methadone and buprenorphine for opioid use disorder), antagonist medications (i.e. naltrexone for opioid use disorder), and aversive therapy (i.e. disulfiram for alcohol use disorder). Pharmacotherapeutic approaches utilizing an immunological framework for medication development represent an important focus of study for treatment of these illnesses. Areas covered: This review discusses vaccines for treatment of substance use disorders. Using PubMed ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ ), we searched both preclinical and human clinical trials of vaccines for treatment of nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, and opioid use disorders. In addition, we searched for recently developed strategies for enhancement of the immunologic response through alteration of conjugate molecules and adjuvants. Expert commentary: Despite challenges in human clinical trials of SUD vaccines, a number of strategies have been introduced which may ultimately improve efficacy. These challenges, as well as their implications for vaccine development, are discussed. Additionally, the optimal conditions for research study and treatment are considered.
Coronal Shear Fractures

Pediatric coronal shear fractures are rare injuries; however, accurate diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent long-term sequelae. Failure to recognize and diagnose the injury unvaryingly leads to joint incongruity and arthritis. The complex cartilaginous anatomy and difficulties with imaging have been discussed in earlier chapters. Nonetheless, the distal humerus anatomy must be elucidated following fractures about the capitellum. Imaging will define the extent and pattern of injury. Subsequently, appropriate treatment decision can be implemented and executed to restore the articular alignment of the radiocapitellar joint and possibly the ulnotrochlear joint. The most common cause of coronal shear fractures is a fall from the standing height, on the outstretched hand with the elbow in extension or slight flexion. The mechanism of injury encompasses a transmission of an axial force through the radius head onto the capitellum and lateral ridge of the trochlea. The vector, magnitude, and duration result in variable fracture patterns with or without comminution.
Composition of embryogenic suspension cultures of Ipomoea batatas Poir. and production of individualized embryos

Embryogenic suspension cultures of Ipomoea batatas Poir. contain heterogeneous populations of discrete cellular units. In order to optimize embryo production, a study was conducted to identify the embryogenic fraction of such cultures. Suspension cultures were fractionated with sieves of 1000, 710, 500, 355, 250, 180, 125, 90 and 63μm mesh openings and the composition of each fraction was determined. Cellular units larger than 355 μm were primarily calli and made up 75% of the total mass of cultures in the stationary phase of growth. These calli were composed of embryogenic and non-embryogenic subunits, and 98% of the embryogenic subunits measured 355–1000 μm. Calli and embryogenic calli subunits produced clusters of embryos at various stages of development upon transfer to liquid or solidified media without 2,4-D. The 125–355 μm fraction of suspension cultures was composed of cell aggregates of which 20% were embryogenic. The embryogenic cell aggregates produced single globular embryos upon transfer to liquid media containing 0 or 1 μM 2,4-D. The 63–125 μm fraction of suspension cultures contained only 2% of embryogenic cell aggregates. It can be inferred from our results that the embryogenic fraction of cultures was essentially represented in calli, and that proliferation of the embryogenic fraction occurred through the separation of embryogenic cell aggregates from larger calli when cultures approached their stationary growth phase.
Fine Structure of Testicular Interstitial Cells in Humans

It is now well established that the interstitial or Leydig cells are the principal site of androgen production in the mammalian testis. In rats, the interstitial tissue can be separated from the seminiferous tubules and shows considerably more activity than the tubules in synthesizing androgen from cholesterol in vitro (1, 2). Proof that the interstitial cells are indeed the source of this activity within the interstitial tissue comes from histochemical studies in which the reaction product of 3s -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase appears mainly in these cells. This approach has been applied to a variety of vertebrate species with consistent results, although it appears somewhat more difficult to demonstrate in the human testis (3).
KINEMATIC SYNTHESIS OF AVATAR SKELETONS FROM VISUAL DATA

The recovery of 3D models from visual data generally results in a geometric skeleton that is a simplification of the shape of the captured figure, called an avatar. In this paper, we introduce a method called hierarchical kinematic synthesis that identifies an articulated skeleton, called kinematic skeleton, which provides a compact representation of the movement of the tracked subject.
Thoracoscopic Repair of Proximal H-Type Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Abstract Introduction: Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an accepted technique with equivalent outcomes to open repair.1 In contrast, TEF without es...
The co-occurrence of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease: a neuropathological study of 15 elderly Huntington's disease subjects

Background Dementia is a common feature in both Huntington's disease (HD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as in the general elderly population. Few studies have examined elderly HD patients with dementia for neuropathologic evidence of both HD and AD. Objective We present neuropathological findings in a retrospective case series of 15 elderly HD patients (ages 60-91 years), 11 of whom had prominent clinical dementia. Methods Post-mortem brain tissue was examined and stained for evidence of both HD and AD including Vonsattel grading and Htt-repeat expansion, Bielskowsky, tau, β amyloid, and TDP43 immunostaining. Results Mean age at death was 76.8 years, mean disease duration was 18.6 years, and mean CAG repeat expansion was 42. Evidence of AD in addition to HD pathology was present in 9 of 11 (82%) patients with prominent dementia, suggesting that AD may be more commonly co-occurring with HD than previously appreciated. Two patients had only HD as the basis of dementia and four patients did not have prominent dementia. One patient with marked parkinsonian features was not L-dopa responsive and had no substantia nigra Lewy bodies at autopsy. Conclusions Our study suggests that AD may frequently contribute to cognitive decline in elderly HD patients which complicates the assessment and management of such individuals. Further study is needed to determine if there is a higher incidence of AD in persons with HD compared to the general population. In addition, our series includes one HD patient whose clinical features masqueraded as Parkinson's disease but was not responsive to levodopa therapy.
Private Equity Fund Debt: Capital Flows, Performance, and Agency Costs

A subscription line of credit (SLC) is debt issued to a private equity fund and used on a continuing basis. Using new data on U.S. buyout funds, we show that when funds use subscription lines of credit they call less capital. We find that funds using SLCs have substantial distortions in performance measures sensitive to cash flow timing. SLCs are more common among poorly performing funds and increase carried interest along both the extensive and intensive margins. These results highlight the agency costs of SLCs arising from an underlying agency conflict between fund managers and investors.
A Hybrid Machine Learning Framework for Enhancing PMU-based Event Identification with Limited Labels

The energy industry is experiencing rapid and dramatic changes on both the generator side and the load side, necessitating faster, more accurate, and robust event detection methods for situational awareness. Growing installations of PMU devices that provide high resolution synchronized measurements combined with the advancement of artificial intelligence and big data analytics techniques have recently attracted the R&D community interest. Some supervised learning techniques have been proposed using PMU measurements, however, they are facing challenges in 1) limited interpretability, 2) biased learning models/results, and 3) insufficient labeled data for learning. To address these issues, we propose a machine learning-based framework for physically-meaningful interpretability, hybrid-learning method with indexes, and a flexible data-preparation approach. Specifically, a thoroughly designed feature selection method is proposed for discovering event signatures. Then, a hybrid machine learning process is constructed to reduce biases of different machine learners due to their diversified working mechanisms. Finally, we propose to utilize unlabeled data via semi-supervised learning and add strategical event data via active learning, e.g., simulations. The goal is to significantly improve the supervised learning results via computational efficient techniques. Extensive simulations are conducted using a commercial power system dynamics simulator and synthetic realistic transmission grid models. Significant improvements are observed via hybrid supervised learning methods, semi-supervised learning, and active learning.
Investigation of mooring damping effects on vortex-induced motion of a deep draft semi-submersible by coupled CFD-FEM analysis

Abstract The vortex-induced motion (VIM) of semi-submersible is gaining increasing attention from both industry and academia with the recent development of deep draft semi-submersible platforms. Field measurements of semi-submersibles reveal that the VIM responses are typically found to be smaller than those observed in model tests. The possible factors causing the VIM response reduction in the field measurements include Reynolds number, wave effects, mass ratios, and external damping from mooring lines. The objective of this study is to investigate the mooring-induced damping effects on VIM. The Finite Analytic Navier-Stokes (FANS) code is integrated with an in-house six degree-of-freedom (DoF) motion solver and an in-house nonlinear finite element (FEM) code MOORING3D, for the coupled CFD-FEM analysis of the VIM of a moored semi-submersible. The large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model is used to provide accurate estimation of hydrodynamic loading. Simulations are performed for the 1:70 model of the platform under varying reduced velocities. Full-scale mooring systems with different water depths and mooring line numbers are designed to represent different levels of mooring damping effects. The simulated VIM response is compared with the experiments. The study reveals that mooring-induced damping is a critical factor contributing to the VIM response reduction in the field.
Incidence of venous thrombosis after peg-asparaginase in adolescent and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Aim There are limited data describing incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adolescent and young adult (AYA) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients receiving peg-asparaginase. Materials & methods Single-institution retrospective analysis of 44 AYA ALL patients treated with peg-asparaginase. Rates of VTE and proposed risk factors were assessed. Results 18 patients (41%) had a symptomatic VTE following peg-asparaginase. The cumulative incidence rate was 25% (95% CI: 13-38%) within 30 days of the initial dose. Personal history of thrombosis was statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of VTE with HR of 2.73 (95% CI: 1.40-5.33, p = 0.003) after adjusting for gender. Conclusion These data indicate a high rate of VTE in the AYA ALL population following treatment with peg-asparaginase.
Abstract 13045: Chronic Beta3-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist Therapy Rescues Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in a Mouse Model With Type 2 Diabetes: Insights into Cellular Mechanism

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) leads to progressive decline in cardiac function, increasing the risk for heart failure. There are no known effective prevention approaches or therapeutic ...
Programmer Productivity Enhancement Through Controlled Natural Language Input

We have created CABERNET, a Controlled Nature Language (CNL) based approach to program creation. CABERNET allows programmers to use a simple outline-based syntax. This allows increased programmer efficiency and syntax flexibility. CNLs have successfully been used for writing requirements documents. We propose taking this approach well beyond this to fully functional programs. Through the use of heuristics and inference to analyze and determine the programmer’s intent we are able to create fully functional mobile applications. The goal is for programs to be aligned with the way that the humans think rather than the way computers process information. Through the use of templates a CABERNET application can be processed to run on multiple run time environments. Because processing of a CABERNET program file results in native application program performance is maintained.
Digital Repository Legacies: A Case Study in Assessing Organizational Trustworthiness

Academic libraries rarely discuss cases of digital repositories that do not meet the standards expected of trusted digital repositories. Implications from inconsistent adherence to technical and pr...
Chapter 1 Measurement of Cell Volumes by Electric Sensing Zone Instruments

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the accuracy of measurement of volume distributions by electric-sensing zone instruments currently in use. The various electric sensing zone instruments are the Coulter Counter Model B (Coulter, 1953, Coulter Electronics Inc., Hialeah, Florida), (2) the instrument described by Harvey and Marr, (3) the Celloscope 101 (Particle Data Inc., Elmhurst, Illinois), (4) the Nuclear Chicago particle measurement system (Nuclear Chicago Corp., Des Plaines, Illinois). The measurement of particle concentrations and volumes by electric-sensing zone instruments has found wide application in recent years. Such instruments are capable of rapid and accurate measurement of particle concentrations, and of more or less accurate determinations of volume distributions of particle populations. The accuracy and fidelity of measurement of volume is by no means as certain nor is it easily determined. The only attempt at rigorous evaluation of the fidelity of measurement of volume distribution is that of Harvey and Marr. The transducer is a cylindrical aperture separating two-electrode chambers filled with electrolyte.
Optimal Control with Exact Linearization of Robotic Manipulators

Recently, many attractive optimal control schemes have been developed for real-time robotic applications. Due to the inherent complex physical structures, robotic control systems embody a number of hard features, such as multi-input and multi-output characteristics, nonlinearity, time-varying parameters, and highly coupled system dynamics. Furthermore, they require consideration of such issues as robustness to external disturbances, parameter uncertainty, sensor noise, payload changes and computational errors. Thus the development of a real-time optimal control scheme with high reliability, high robustness, high accuracy and acceptable computational burden becomes an urgent and important problem for research and development. This paper presents an optimal control scheme which involves a nice combination of self-adaptive control strategy, exact linearization with output decoupling, and the computational procedure for solving the robotic dynamic equations based on a compact Lagrangian formulation. It is found from the simulation studies on the PUMA 560 robot that the actual trajectories of the robot arm converge quickly to the desired trajectories under large initial errors and robotic parameter deviations.
STING NEMATODE BELONOLAIMUS MALUCEROI (TYLENCHIDA: BELONOLAIMIDAE) FROM MEXICO [BELONOLAIMUS MALUCEROI (TYLENCHIDA: BELONOLAIMIDAE) DE MEXICO]

In September 2012, an Amendment of Articles 8, 9, 10, 21 and 78 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) was published in order to expand and refine methods of publication allowed by the Code. The amended Article 8.5.3 states that in order for an electronic-published work to be available, it must be registered in the ZooBank and contain evidence in the work that such registration has occurred. The requirements for electronic publications should include clear evidence in the work of the date of publication with proof of the occurred registration in ZooBank. In 2012 Cid Del Prado Vera and Subbotin (2012) published an article with description of a new species Belonolaimus maluceroi in electronic [online] version of Nematropica and this work itself was not registered in ZooBank. Here we provide the registration (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FE57C634-427A-4147-A476-7695A943F062) of a short note with description of Belonolaimus maluceroi to meet the requirements of article 8.5.3 of ICZN. Belonolaimus maluceroi was found in a tropical forest at La Mancha, Experimental Ecological Station of the Ecology Institute, Veracruz State, Mexico. Females were characterized by body length less of than 2 mm; head set off and divided by longitudinal grooves into four separated sectors; stylet length less than 103 μm; excretory pore less than 195 μm from the anterior end; vulval lips not protruding; vagina without sclerotized pieces; tail hemispherical and 50-96 μm in length. Male head was similar to those for female; spicules slightly curved, less than 34 μm long; gubernaculum 11-15 μm. Lateral field had one lateral line, which started after the cephalic constriction and can reach tenth or 24th annulus from the posterior body end in females or males, respectively. ICZN (2012). Amendment of Articles 8, 9, 10, 21 and 78 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication. ZooKeys 219: 1–10. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.219.3944 Cid Del Prado Vero I. & Subbotin, S.A. 2012. Belonolaimus maluceroi sp. n. (Tylenchida: Belonolaimidae) from a tropical forest in Mexico and key to the species of Belonolaimus. Nematropica 42: 201-210
A health outreach to a refugee camp: perspectives for would-be volunteers.

In the short view, volunteers from western medicine can make substantial contributions to the health needs of refugees both in the camps and after resettlement to western countries. In the longer view, a well-planned exposure to health care delivery in very different cultural and economic environments tends to trigger a profound expansion of personal and professional awareness.
Towards A Structure-Based Turbulence Model

The author is developing a new type of turbulence model in which a new one-point quantity, the eddy structure tensor, carries information about the two-point structure of the turbulence. The model was motivated by the observation that conventional one-point turbulence models based only on the turbulent stresses do not predict the rapid changes in state that are found when anisotropic homogeneous turbulence is subjected to mean rotation, and hence are fundamentally incorrect for rotation. The model appears to give topologically correct predictions for the changes in stress state and structure state under all types of rapid distortions of homogeneous turbulence, which is something no other type of one-point model can do at this time. The definitions, model elements, and provisional model constants for homogeneous turbulence are given in these author’s working notes so that others may explore the model. The author is indebted to John Lumley for many inspirations and insights that underlie this work.
Trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression presents earlier than trigeminal neuralgia with neurovascular compression

OBJECT Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) occurs and recurs in the absence of neurovascular compression (NVC). To characterize what may be distinct patient populations, the authors examined age at onset in patients with TN with and without NVC. METHODS A retrospective review of patients undergoing posterior fossa surgery for Type I TN at Oregon Health & Science University from 2009 to 2013 was undertaken. Charts were reviewed, and imaging and operative data were collected for patients with and without NVC. Mean, median, and the empirical cumulative distribution of onset age were determined. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t-test, Wilcoxon and Kolmogorov-Smirnoff tests, and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The charts of 219 patients with TN were reviewed. There were 156 patients who underwent posterior fossa exploration and microvascular decompression or internal neurolysis: 129 patients with NVC and 27 without NVC. Mean age ...
Age Differences in Perceptions of Rich and Poor People: Is It Skill or Luck?

To gain new perspective on the development of understandings and perceptions of income inequality, this study compared the reactions of six, eight, and 10-year-olds to a rich man and a poor man and the winners and losers of a contest of skill and a game of chance. Age differences in attributions for outcomes reflected a strengthening with age of the skill–luck distinction and of equity thinking about wealth. Although men with good outcomes were generally perceived more positively than men with bad outcomes, and likeability was affected only by outcome, 10-year-olds differentiated most sharply among different types of ‘winners’ or ‘losers’, viewing the rich and poor men as more like the winner and loser of a contest of skill than like the winner and loser of a game of chance. Overall, the findings suggest that differential evaluation of rich and poor people may begin as affective tagging based on good or bad life outcomes and later be associated with justifications grounded in an equity perspective on income inequality that emphasizes the role of personal qualities such as ability in wealth accumulation.
Joint Custody: Research, Theory, and Policy

A majority of states have now enacted legislation addressing the issue of joint custody of children after divorce. This article examines current research on the subject, explores its implications for family theory, and attempts to draw some empirically based conclusions regarding policy. The literature would seem to support a structuralist view of the family and to undermine normative theories of the family life cycle. The author concludes that policy should not be aimed at developing a presumption of joint legal custody alone, but, rather, of joint physical custody with specified limitations.
Electrostriction effects on competing transition states in supercritical fluoroform

A compressible continuum model for supercritical fluoroform is used to model enantiomeric selectivities measured experimentally by Jessop et al. While oversimplified models, which exaggerate the importance of the electrostriction effect, do produce a non-monotonic density-dependence similar to that observed experimentally, more realistic continuum calculations do not. From these more realistic calculations we conclude that although electrostriction can cause the high-density limit of such selectivities to be attained at much lower densities than would be expected in the absence of electrostriction, it would be very unlikely for this effect to generate a non-monotonic density dependence.
The influence of VIIth and VIIIth cranial nerve roots upon the differentiation of Mauthner's cell in Ambystoma

Abstract The primordium of the VIIIth cranial ganglion (otic vesicle) was extirpated on the right side of 428 embryos of Ambystoma maculatum at stage 27. Mauthner's cell (MC) develops in close association with the VIIIth nerve roots and to a lesser degree with VIIth lateral-line roots. The primary objective of the experiments was to record from a large series of animals the number of cases in which MC failed to differentiate in the absence of VIIIth root fibers. In addition, all embryos were separated (stages 3, 5, 9) into various groups and maintained continuously at different constant temperatures (5°, 8°, 10°, 14°, 18°C) until operation. The various temperature groups were then compared among themselves for any constant or significant differences with regard to the suppression of MC on the operated side. Animals were examined at stage 46. The VIIIth root fibers were completely absent in every case on the operated side. Although the VIIth lateral-line ganglia were present in all animals, root fibers failed to develop in 173 cases. This afforded an opportunity to study the influence of VIIth lateral-line roots upon the differentiation of MC, as well as the influence of VIIIth roots. Mauthner's cell was absent in 119 cases (27.8%). In 55 of these cases only VIIIth root fibers were absent; in 64 cases both VIIIth and VIIth roots were missing. The importance of VIIIth root fibers in influencing the differentiation of MC, therefore, is obvious since in 46% of those cases in which MC failed to develop absence of the VIIIth root was the only deviation from normal. The presence or absence of MC correlated with the presence or absence of VIIth lateral-line roots gives a relatively high Chi-square value of 11.461. The temperature series data are inconclusive in demonstrating a critical or optimal thermal effect upon the sequential steps affecting the differentiation of MC. If the time in early development when temperature differentials were applied is ignored, there are no consistent or significant differences among the temperature groups with regard to the suppression of MC in the absence of the VIIth–VIIIth root complex. On the other hand, if only those animals are considered that were separated at stage 9 (the majority of the animals), then there is a low degree of correlation (significance slightly above the 1% level) between greater suppression of MC in the 8° groups as opposed to lesser suppression in the 14° groups. These results on temperature influence are in need of further experimentation and analysis.
Constructing Innovativeness in New-Media Start-Up Firms

We focus on the social construction of innovativeness in the context of project teams and interfirm networks among new-media start-up firms in Silicon Alley, Manhattan. The analysis is based on a t...
Egomotion perception using visual tracking

The ability of a biological organism to visually track a perceptually significant feature in its environment has been argued to be an important feedback mechanism guiding locomotion. This paper analyzes the constraints available from the visual motion stimuli in the context of tracking. Our aim is to show that the act of tracking simplifies the decoding of egomotion parameters from motion stimuli. The constraints obtainable under tracking are utilized to analyze a possible egomotion decoding strategy for a binocular robot eye system, modeled after the human ocular tracking (smooth pursuit) mechanism. The main result of the paper is in the derivation of a closed-form solution of the egomotion parameters using feedback information concerning the movement of the tracking motors over time. The theoretical results are verified by experiments. We believe that the active tracking approach presented here is a more simple, practical, and manageable technique in a robot navigation setting, compared to passive methods. La capacitye?un organisme biologique a reperer visuellement une caracteristique importante dans son environnement est consideree comme un mecanisme de retroaction important qui controle le deplacement. Cet article analyse les contraintes qui decoulent du stimulus de deplacement visuel dans le contexte du reperage. Le but des auteurs est de montrer que ľactivite de reperage permet de decoder avec plus de facilitye certains parametres (egomotion) aľinterieur ?un stimulus de deplacement. Les contraintes obtenues par reperage sont utilisees pour analyser une strategie de decodage possible pour un systeme a oeil de robot binoculaire, inspiree du mecanisme de reperage oculaire de ľětre humain. Les resultats theoriques ont ete verifies aľaide ?experiences. Les auteurs sont ?avis que la methode de reperage active presentee dans cet article est plus simple, plus pratique et plus flexible dans un environnement de navigation par robot que les methodes passives.
Tantalum-Mediated Oxidative Coupling of C2B9H112- Ligands. Synthesis and Characterization of {(μ-H)(C2B9H10)2}TaCl2

The reaction of TaCl5 with 2 equiv of Li2[C2B9H11] in refluxing toluene yields {(μ-H)(C2B9H10)2}TaCl2 (1), which contains the unusual linked bis(carboranyl) ligand [(μ-H)(C2B9H10)2]3-, which is formed by formal oxidative coupling of two C2B9H112- ligands. Alkylation of 1 with ZnMe2 yields {(μ-H)(C2B9H10)2}TaMeCl (2), which retains the linked bis(carboranyl) ligand.
The search for high cycle life, high capacity, self healing negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries and a potential solution based on lithiated gallium

Automotive components, for the most part, are designed to last for the life of the vehicle. This is especially true for more expensive subsystems. As we move towards electrified vehicles with large traction batteries, it becomes increasingly important to (a) reduce the cost of the batteries and (b) improve battery life. This life challenge for the traction battery is quite different from that of most consumer electronics applications, which often require no more than a few years of life and a few hundred cycles of full charge and discharge. In this paper, we provide context for the automotive battery landscape and subsequently introduce a potential solution pathway to the cycle life problem associated with high capacity negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries. The approach is based on a solid (in the substantially lithiated state) to liquid (in the absence of significant lithium) transition for the gallium electrode. Because of gallium’s low melting point (29°C), heating the cell to just above ambient temperature transforms the electrode to a semi-liquid state, cracks vanish, to a large extent, and the electrode heals.
Positional recognition of a tRNA determinant dependent on a peptide insertion.

Abstract The crystal structure of a catalytic fragment of Aquifex aeolicus AlaRS and additional data suggest how the critical G3:U70 identity element of its cognate tRNA acceptor stem is recognized. Though this identity element is conserved from bacteria to the cytoplasm of eukaryotes, Drosophila melanogaster mitochondrial (Dm mt) tRNA Ala contains a G:U base pair that has been translocated to the adjacent 2:71 position. This G2:U71 is the major determinant for identity of Dm mt tRNA Ala . Sequence alignments showed that Dm mt AlaRS is differentiated from G3:U70-recognizing AlaRSs by an insertion of 27 amino acids in the region of the protein that contacts the acceptor stem. Precise deletion of this insertion from Dm mt AlaRS gave preferential recognition to a G3:U70-containing substrate. Larger or smaller deletions were ineffective. The crystal structure of the orthologous A. aeolicus protein places this insertion on the surface, where it can act as a hinge that provides positional switching of G:U recognition.
Patterns of fold interference: influence of early fold shapes

Abstract Model experiments were specifically designed to test the effect of different profile shapes of early folds on refolding patterns. Comparison of natural examples with experimental results and analogy with engineering information on buckling of fold shapes suggest that, when layers are mechanically active during refolding, the profile shape of the early folds markedly affects the patterns of fold interference. Open rounded folds tend to refold to form dome and basin patterns of interference whereas isoclinal folds tend to refold by folding their axial plane, forming type 2 patterns of interference. Hence, the dimensions and shape of the profile of the early folds control the preferred buckling mode during refolding.
A general strategy for the bacterial expression of amyloidogenic peptides using BCL-XL-1/2 fusions.

Biophysical studies on amyloidogenic and aggregation-prone peptides often require large quantities of material. However, solid-phase synthesis, handling, and purification of peptides often present challenges on these scales. Recombinant expression is an attractive alternative because of its low cost, the ability to isotopically label the peptides, and access to sequences exceeding ~50 residues. However, expression systems that seek to solubilize amyloidogenic peptides suffer from low yields, difficult optimizations, and isolation challenges. We present a general strategy for expressing and isolating amyloidogenic peptides in Escherichia coli by fusion to a polypeptide that drives the expression of attached peptides into bacterial inclusion bodies. This scheme minimizes toxicity during bacterial growth and enables the processing and handling of the peptides in denaturing solutions. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography, reverse phase HPLC, and cyanogen bromide cleavage are used to isolate the peptide, followed by further reverse phase HPLC, which yields milligram quantities of the purified peptide. We demonstrate that driving the peptides into inclusion bodies using fusion to BCL-XL-1/2 is a general strategy for their expression and isolation, as exemplified by the production of 11 peptides species.
The use of bovine antitoxin for the prophylaxis of tetanus

Abstract 1.1. Bovine tetanus antitoxin has been used with safety in selected persons known to give severe anaphylactic reactions to horse serum. 2.2. The only indication for the use of equine tetanus antitoxin occurs in those cases where the person is known to be, or can be demonstrated to be, sensitive to the bovine but not to the equine preparation. Thus far no such cases have been reported. 3.3. Persons undergoing an allergic study should be tested routinely with equine and bovine sera. This should be done by the scratch method only to avoid as far as possible the sensitizing of the patient to the serum. If the patient is sensitive to both sera, he should be immunized by means of tetanus toxoid, the precautions suggested by Cooke and his associates 5 being carefully observed.