cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term results with single pediatric donor kidney transplants in adult recipients

AbstractPurpose: We investigated whether transplantation of single pediatric donor kidneys into adults leads to an increased incidence of functional allograft impairment and complications, as previously reported.Materials and Methods: To evaluate long-term functional outcome using single pediatric donor kidneys 60 adults (study group) who underwent transplantation between March 1973 and December 1988 using single pediatric donor kidneys 6 years old or younger (mean donor age plus or minus standard deviation 41.1 plus/minus 17.9 months) were compared to 58 matched adults (control group) who underwent transplantation with adult kidneys (mean donor age 29.7 plus/minus 10.8 years). The groups were identical for era of transplantation, recipient age, sex and followup (82 versus 83 months).Results: There was no difference in patient survival between the study and control groups (p = 0.26). In the study group there were an increased requirement for early dialysis (45 versus 24 percent, p = 0.02), a higher incide...
CRYSTALLINE PNEUMOCOCCUS ANTIBODY

1. The immune precipitate formed by antipneumococcus horse serum and the specific polysaccharide is not hydrolyzed by trypsin as is the diphtheria toxin-antitoxin complex, and purified pneumococcus antibody cannot be isolated by the method used for the isolation and crystallization of diphtheria antitoxin. 2. Type I pneumococcus antibody, completely precipitable by Type I polysaccharide, may be obtained from immune horse serum globulin by precipitation of the inert proteins with acid potassium phthalate. 3. The antibody obtained in this way may be fractionated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate into three main parts. One is insoluble in neutral salts but soluble from pH 4.5 to 3.0 and from pH 9.5 to 10.5. This is the largest fraction. A second fraction is soluble in 0.05 to 0.2 saturated ammonium sulfate and the third fraction is soluble in 0.2 saturated ammonium sulfate and precipitated by 0.35 saturated ammonium sulfate. The second fraction can be further separated by precipitation with 0.17 saturated ammonium sulfate to yield a small amount of protein which is soluble in 0.17 saturated ammonium sulfate but insoluble in 0.25 saturated ammonium sulfate. This fraction crystallizes in poorly formed, rounded rosettes. 4. The crystallization does not improve the purity of the antibody and is accompanied by the formation of an insoluble protein as in the case of diphtheria antitoxin. 5. None of the fractions obtained is even approximately homogeneous as determined by solubility measurements. 6. Purified antibody has also been obtained by dissociating the antigen-antibody complex. 7. The protective value of the fractions is quite different; that of the dissociated antibody being the highest and that of the insoluble fraction, the lowest. 8. All the fractions are immunologically specific since they do not precipitate with Type II polysaccharide nor protect against Type II pneumococci. 9. All the fractions give a positive precipitin reaction with antihorse rabbit serum. The dissociated antibody gives the least reaction. 10. Comparison of the various fractions, either by their solubility in salt solution or through immunological reactions, indicates that there are a large number of proteins present in immune horse serum, all of which precipitate with the specific polysaccharide but which have very different protective values, different reactions with antihorse rabbit serum, and different solubility in salt solutions.
The ecology of amphicarpic plants.

Amphicarpic plants, which produce both aerial and subterranean flowers and seeds, provide evolutionary ecologists with insight into the evolution of breeding systems involving self-fertilization, seed dimorphisms and multiple dispersal strategies. The subterranean flowers of amphicarpic species do not open, are self-fertile, and produce large seeds with a limited dispersal potential. In contrast, the aerial flowers usually open, can cross-pollinate, and produce smaller seeds with a greater potential for long-distance dispersal. The eco-genetic consequences of this reproductive system are a function of these common features of amphicarpic species, and must be considered in an ecological context when attempting to determine the selective basis of subterranean fruit and seed production.
Semiautomated fluorometric analysis of nucleic acids in tissue homogenates

This report describes a technique that was developed to provide an efficient and accurate estimation of RNA:DNA ratios. These ratios have been used as an instantaneous measure of recent growth of individual aquatic organisms where morphometrics are not appropriate (e.g., field-collected species) or insufficiently sensitive (e.g., small life stages or species). In this semiautomated, sensitive method, ethidium bromide fluorescence was used to quantitate total nucleic acids in crude homogenates. Individual concentrations of RNA and DNA were determined by differences in fluorescence before and after elimination of RNA by digestion with RNase. Efficiency of the procedure was enhanced using a computer-driven multiwell plate scanning system (CYTOFLUOR, Millipore Corporation1 ) to measure fluorescence at timed intervals and perform data manipulations. Routinely, detection limits of 0.1 μg DNA and 0.4 μg RNA were achieved, allowing the analysis of small, individual organisms. Fluorescence results of split samples were comparable with those obtained using a standard spectro-photometric method to quantitate nucleic acids. Coefficients of variation for replicate samples within an assay (1.6%) and for samples within replicate assays (5.6%) indicated good test reproducibility. Quantitative recoveries of nucleic acid standards spiked into tissue homogenates were generally high, averaging 91.0% for DNA and 119.0% for RNA. Factors affecting the fluorescence of ethidium bromide stained nucleic acids—e.g., nucleic acid source, crude homogenate components, and buffer composition—are discussed relative to assay performance. This method provides a rapid and reliable assessment of individual growth, an important sublethal toxicological end point, that is suitable for both laboratory and field studies. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
Resurrecting Old–Fashioned Foundationalism

Book reviewed in this article: M DePaul (ed), Resurrecting Old–Fashioned Foundationalism
Cerebral vascular volume after repeated ischemic insults in the gerbil: comparison with changes in CBF and brain edema.

Summary: The time course of changes in cerebral intravascular volume was evaluated during 24 h following a series of three 5-min carotid artery occlusions spaced at 1-h intervals and compared with the changes occurring after single 5- or 15-min occlusions. Quantitative estimates of cerebral red cell volume, plasma volume, and total blood volume were obtained from the distribution spaces of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes and 125I-albumin infused prior to killing at varied recirculation intervals. Significant reductions in vascular volume occurred in all ischemic brain regions within 1 h following a single 5-min occlusion, which recovered to control values within 6 h. A similar time course was seen after repeated occlusions. The reductions in volume remained significant at 6 h after a single 15-min occlusion, but there was no difference from control by 24 h. Thus, the time course of total vascular volume correlates well with that of CBF changes previously described, and both blood flow and blood volume are at normal levels during the time of severe edema 24 h after repeated occlusions. Calculated cerebral hematocrit was 60-70% of that obtained from the femoral artery, but was identical in all brain regions and was constant throughout the postischemic recirculation period, with the exception of a transient reduction in both peripheral and cerebral hematocrit observed at 6-h recirculation following single 15-min occlusions. These results suggest that changes in CBF and blood volume reflect primarily the status of larger vessels and that values in the normal range may be observed even under conditions of severe edema and impaired perfusion at the capillary level.
Thermal microcracking of carbon fibre/resin composites

Abstract The factors affecting the formation of microcracks in carbon fibre/resin composites under thermal stress are discussed; and the different ways of reducing cracking are assessed. Carbon fibre/resin composites with a core of axially aligned fibres and angular crossplies near the surface (core-sheath composites) have been studied experimentally and the results are described
Operation Babylift or Babyabduction? Implications of the Hague Convention on the humanitarian evacuation and ‘rescue’ of children

EnglishThe Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption does not fully protect children from the purportedly well-intended, but illegal, humanitarian impulses to evacuate children in times of crisis, as evidenced by Operation Babylift and the attempt to airlift children from Chad.FrenchLa Convention de la Haye sur la Protection des Enfants et la Cooperation relative a l’adoption internationale ne protegent pas entierement les enfants des impulsions humanitaires soi-disant bien intentionnees, mais illegales, d’evacuer des enfants par temps de crise comme en a fait la preuve l’affaire de l’Arche de Zoe et la tentative d’enlever par pont aerien des enfants du Tchad.SpanishLa Convencion de La Haya para la Proteccion de Ninos y Cooperacion en Respeto de la Adopcion entre Paises no protege demasiado a los ninos de la accion bienintencionada de impulso humanitario, pero ilegal, para evacuar a los ninos en tiempos de crisis como fue evidenciado por la Operaci...
Spectral flow and the anomalous production of fermions in odd number of dimensions.

The relationship between instantons and the index-theory analysis of anomalies is examined in odd-dimensional gauge theories. Consistency of the anomalous production of fermions associated with nontrivial spectral flows of Dirac Hamiltonians and the absence of odd-dimensional anomalies in continuous symmetries is clarified. A new structure of three-dimensional matter is suggested.
A stable tridentate carbene ligand

Abstract A stable multidentate carbene ligand containing three imidazol-2-ylidenes was synthesized and characterized. The spectroscopic data suggest that there is no intramolecular interaction between the neighboring carbene sites.
Ten Lessons Learned in Alaska: Home Visitation and Intimate Partner Violence

Home visitation programs to prevent child maltreatment and improve child outcomes have proliferated throughout the United States. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly correlated with child maltreatment and disproportionately affects home-visited families. An evaluation of home visitation programs in Alaska identified deficits in working with families experiencing IPV. A special IPV initiative provided training and technical assistance to these programs over a 2-year period. Several themes emerged, including the need for skill-based training and assessment tools designed for home visitation, the benefits of building partnerships between home visitors and IPV advocates, and the need for protocols that explicitly address IPV.
Portal vein thrombosis.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a complication of hepatic disease and a potentially lethal complication of splenectomy. The reported incidence of this complication is low (~1%). However, its true incidence may have been underestimated due to difficulty in making the diagnosis. Herein we report the case of a 19 year-old woman who presented with a 2-year history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Because she had become refractory to medical therapy, she underwent laparoscopic splenectomy. She was discharged on postoperative day 2 after an uncomplicated procedure. She did well, complaining only of mild backache, until postoperative day 21, when she presented with nausea, vomiting, and leukocytosis. CT showed PVT and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. Despite heparin and fluid administration, her condition worsened. At laparotomy, she had diffuse small bowel edema and congestion. At a second-look procedure 24 h later, nearly all her jejunum and ileum were necrotic. After three procedures, she was left with 45 cm of proximal and 10 cm of distal small bowel. Bowel continuity was restored 8 weeks later. She continued on warfarin anticoagulation therapy for 1 year. Postsplenectomy PVT is most often seen following splenectomy for myeloproliferative disorders and almost never after trauma. The large splenic vein stump and the hypercoagulable state in patients with splenomegaly are thought to be contributory. The presentation of PVT is vague, without defining signs or symptoms. Color-flow Doppler and contrast-enhanced CT scans are the best methods for the nonoperative diagnosis of PVT. Aggressive thrombolysis offers the best hope for clot lysis and maintenance of bowel viability. Even vague symptoms must be considered seriously following splenectomy.
Changing states of North Atlantic large marine ecosystems

Abstract Effects of climate forcing are examined for 15 large marine ecosystems bordering the North Atlantic basin. Trends in multi-decadal time-series data of temperature, chlorophyll, primary productivity, nutrients, and fisheries yields, differed among the LMEs. Responses to climate warming varied between northwestern and northeastern Atlantic LMEs, with warming rates influencing changes in northeast Atlantic LME plankton production and fisheries yields more directly than in LMEs of the northwest Atlantic, where warming rates are lower. In contrast, negative effects of nutrient over-enrichment in relation to harmful algal blooms and hypoxic conditions were greater in the northwest Atlantic LMEs. Forecasts suggest significant increases in nutrient over-enrichment of North Atlantic LMEs by 2050. Fishery time-series analyses suggest increases in fishery yields for sub-arctic LMEs, and declines in LMEs of more southerly latitudes.
Acute ethanol intoxication stimulates superoxide anion production by in situ perfused rat liver.

This study examines the generation of superoxide anion by the perfused rat liver after ethanol intoxication and acute endotoxemia to assess the potential importance of oxygen-derived free radicals in the ethanol-induced hepatic pathological condition. Hepatic superoxide anion production of 0.65 ± 0.06 nmol/min/gm liver weight was measured 1 hr after ethanol infusion; it reached a peak value of 0.8 ± 0.07 at 3 hr and was reduced to 0.11 ± 0.01 by 7 hr. In a group of animals, 4-methylpyrazole was injected 5 min before the administration of ethanol to determine whether the metabolism of ethanol moiety is necessary for the observed effects. However, no significant inhibition of superoxide production was observed after 4-methylpyrazole administration. Introduction of ibuprofen into the perfused liver abolished superoxide anion production, suggesting that arachidonic acid metabolites may play an important role in superoxide generation under these conditions. Endotoxin, a potent activator of macrophages, has also been associated with increased superoxide release by the liver. Therefore the combined impact of ethanol and endotoxin on superoxide production by the liver was also examined. Acute ethanol intoxication inhibited the endotoxin-mediated superoxide anion generation by the perfused liver. These data indicate that the ethanol-mediated superoxide production and the ethanol-induced inhibition of the lipopolysaccharide-enhanced free-radical generation by the liver may have a pathophysiological significance in tissue injury and in resistance to infection. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;15?-898).
Intestinal cell kinase (ICK) promotes activation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) through phosphorylation of Raptor Thr-908.

Intestinal cell kinase (ICK), named after its cloning origin, the intestine, is actually a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase. Recently we reported that ICK supports cell proliferation and G1 cell cycle progression. ICK deficiency significantly disrupted the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling events. However, the biological substrates that mediate the downstream signaling effects of ICK in proliferation and the molecular mechanisms by which ICK interacts with mTORC1 are not well defined. Our prior studies also provided biochemical evidence that ICK interacts with the mTOR/Raptor complex in cells and phosphorylates Raptor in vitro. In this report, we investigated whether and how ICK targets Raptor to regulate the activity of mTORC1. Using the ICK substrate consensus sequence [R-P-X-S/T-P/A/T/S], we identified a putative phosphorylation site, RPGT908T, for ICK in human Raptor. By mass spectrometry and a phospho-specific antibody, we showed that Raptor Thr-908 is a novel in vivo phosphorylation site. ICK is able to phosphorylate Raptor Thr-908 both in vitro and in vivo and when Raptor exists in protein complexes with or without mTOR. Although expression of the Raptor T908A mutant did not affect the mTORC1 integrity, it markedly impaired the mTORC1 activation by insulin or by overexpression of the small GTP-binding protein RheB under nutrient starvation. Our findings demonstrate an important role for ICK in modulating the activity of mTORC1 through phosphorylation of Raptor Thr-908 and thus implicate a potential signaling mechanism by which ICK regulates cell proliferation and division.
Phase transitions in polymer gels

Abstract A lattice model is proposed to describe the swelling behavior of polymer gels in solution. The model is applied to polymer swelling in a binary solvent mixture as a function of solvent composition. Emphasis is placed on reproducing the discrete first-order transitions in the swelling curves that have been seen in experimental systems, and on understanding the mechanism that drives the transitions on a molecular level.
Random interactions, isospin, and the ground states of odd- A and odd-odd nuclei

It was recently shown that the ground state quantum numbers of even-even nuclei have a high probability to be reproduced by an ensemble of random but rotationally invariant two-body interactions. In the present work we extend these investigations to odd-$A$ and odd-odd nuclei, considering in particular the isospin effects. Studying the realistic shell model as well as the single-$j$ model, we show that random interactions have a tendency to assign the lowest possible total angular momentum and isospin to the ground state. In the $\mathrm{sd}$ shell model this reproduces correctly the isospin but not the spin quantum numbers of actual odd-odd nuclei. An odd-even staggering effect in probability of various ground state quantum numbers is present for even-even and odd-odd nuclei, while it is smeared out for odd-$A$ nuclei. The observed regularities suggest the underlying mechanism of bosonlike pairing of fermionic pairs in $T=0$ and $T=1$ states generated by the off-diagonal matrix elements of random interactions. The relation to the models of random spin interactions is briefly discussed.
Multiple calculi within noncom municating pyelogenic renal cyst

Abstract Multiple calculi were found within a cystic renal mass, which had no apparent communication with the renal collecting system. Radiography, sonography, and surgical examination suggested a serous cyst of the kidney. Histopathology proved the cyst to be of pyelogenic origin. The origin and differences of serous and pyelogenic cysts of the kidney are discussed.
Methods for reducing deep level emissions from ZnSe grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

Methods for reducing deep level emission from ZnSe layers grown by photo-assisted organometallic vapor phase epitaxy were studied using photo-luminescence. A number of approaches to achieve reductions in deep level emissions were investigated. One of them was the use of a flow modulation technique. Reduction in the deep level emissions was observed when the layers were annealed under zinc-rich conditions during this growth process. The effect of cadmium as an isoelectronic dopant in ZnSe was also studied. It was observed that “doping” levels of cadmium resulted in considerable reduction in deep level emissions from ZnSe layers. Layers were grown under different II/VI ratios, and compared to cadmium doped layers of similar ratios. Reduction in deep level emissions were observed in all cadmium doped layers. Cadmium, therefore, seems to be the most promising isovalent dopant for reducing the deep level emissions in ZnSe.
Local Recurrence after Breast-Conserving Surgery: Multivariable Analysis of Risk Factors and the Impact of Young Age

Background Local recurrence (LR) after breast conservation surgery (BCS) varies with risk factors. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of young age on LR.
Protein selection, food intake, and body composition in response to the amount of dietary protein.

Abstract Though not universally observed, moderately low-protein diets have been found to increase caloric intake and body fat. It appears that animals overeat in calories in order to obtain more dietary protein. For animals to control protein intake, they must be able to distinguish between two isocaloric diets containing different percentages of protein and make the appropriate dietary selection on the basis of their previous history of protein intake. Experiment 1 examined the 24-h diet selection (5 vs. 35% casein) of Sprague–Dawley rats that had been previously fed diets containing various percentages of dietary protein (5, 10, 20, 35, or 60% casein). Animals fed 5, 10, or 20% dietary protein showed a preference for the higher protein selection diet. In contrast, no significant diet preference was found in animals pre-fed the two higher levels of dietary protein (35 or 60% casein). In this study, daily food intake and body fat of rats fed the low-protein diets (5 and 10% casein) were similar to rats fed the 20% casein diet. Experiment 2 examined the effects of the level of methionine supplementation on rats fed 10% casein. In this study, food intake and body fat were increased by approximately 20% in rats fed 10% casein diets, regardless of the level of methionine supplementation (0.3 vs. 0.15%). Together, the results suggest that the presence of low-protein-induced hyperphagia helps maintain body protein levels in the face of moderately low dietary protein and promotes an increase in the amount of body fat and energy.
Ethnicity and the Shifting Margins of Brazilian Identity

Davila offers a remarkably rich investigation of ethnicity in Brazil as he reviews two new and two earlier studies of Arab, Japanese, Portuguese (and, in passing, Chinese and Jewish) identities in that country. The books are Jeffrey Lesser’s A Discontented Diaspora: Japanese Brazilians and the Meanings of Ethnic Militancy, 1960–1980 (Duke UP, 2007), Negotiating National Identity: Immigrants, Minorities and the Struggle for Ethnicity in Brazil (Duke UP, 1999), and Welcoming the Undesirables: Brazil and the Jewish Question (U of California P, 1995); and John Tofik Karam’s penetrating Another Arabesque: Syrian-Lebanese Ethnicity in Neoliberal Brazil (Temple UP, 2007). Davila uses a famous Brazilian joke—”When the guy first arrived … he peddled, he was really a pauper, and was a turco . He started to make a little bit of money and turned into a Syrian. When he became a millionaire of high society, he turned into a Lebanese”—to indicate the elasticity of such identities and the unusual impact of the marketplace on them. He examines how Karam explores the constructions of Middle Eastern ethnicity in Brazil and the ways these are woven into Brazil’s marketplace and its international economic and cultural relations. Looking at a large range of phenomena, from the participation of Japanese-Brazilians in guerrilla movements to the role of ethnics in a genre of pornographic comedy, he illustrates both the endurance of some stereotypes and the changing nature of many others. In passing, Davila argues that the changes in the 400-year-old “majority” Portuguese identity in Brazil are one major factor enabling the new identities of Arabs, Japanese, and others. Another such factor is the fact that, in Brazil, “constructions of race and ethnic identity are commonly abstract conceptions in which individuals serve as examples for broader metaphors about the nation … Unlike in the United States, where discussions about race commonly apply in direct ways to individuals, Brazilians commonly see race and ethnicity as fluid constructs that everyone participates in.”
Metal/metal exothermic reactions induced by low velocity impact

This paper discusses experimental results from an effort conducted to discern the basic mechanism of reactions in porous metal/metal compositions under rapid plastic flow conditions. Small-scale impact tests were performed on various intermetallic mixtures: 3CuO + 2Al, Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} + 2Al, Ni + Al, and 5Ti + 3Si. The addition of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) to the metal/metal mixtures has been demonstrated to affect the extent of the reactions. Real-time emissivity and species evolution measurements of the reacting materials were used to discern the chemical reactions occurring under rapid plastic flow conditions.
Isolation of a hemorrhagic toxin from Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) venom.

Abstract A hemorrhagic toxin was isolated from Mojave rattlesnake venom. The isoelectric point of the toxin was 4.7 and its mol. wt was 27,000. Concentrations as low as 2 μg injected s.c. in mice caused hemorrhage greater than 5 mm in diameter. The toxin was fibrinogenolytic and hydrolyzed hide powder azure, casein and collagen. The toxin also partially inactivated complement. It had no activity against elastin, fibrin, and the chromogenic substrates S-2805, S-2302 and S-2238. Its esterolytic activity was 3% of the activity of the unfractionated venom. The enzymatic and hemorrhagic activities were inhibited by EDTA. The hemorrhagic toxin was absent or in low quantities in Mojave rattlesnake venoms containing Mojave toxin. Chromatography by HPLC easily distinguishes Mojave rattlesnake venoms into two types by the presence or absence of the hemorrhagic toxin.
The effects of the muscle relaxant, CS-722, on synaptic activity of cultured neurones

1. The pharmacological properties of the centrally acting muscle relaxant, CS-722, were studied in cultured hippocampal cells and dorsal root ganglion cells of the rat using the whole-cell variation of the patch clamp technique. 2. CS-722 inhibited the occurrence of spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal neurones at concentrations of 100-300 microM, but had no effect on postsynaptic currents evoked by the application of glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate or N-methyl-D-aspartate. 3. CS-722 reduced voltage-gated sodium currents, while shifting the sodium channel inactivation curve to more negative membrane potentials. This effect is similar to that reported for local anaesthetics. Voltage-gated potassium currents were decreased by CS-722 by approximately 20%, whereas voltage-activated calcium currents were inhibited by about 25%. 4. CS-722 inhibited evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents. However, the spontaneous quantal release of inhibitory transmitter was not affected. 5. The inhibitory effect of CS-722 on spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and excitatory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal cultures probably results from an inhibition of both sodium and calcium currents. This inhibitory effect is likely to be amplified in polysynaptic neuronal circuits.
Large-scale ETD repositories: a case study of a digital library application

We describe the implementation of a statewide system for managing and preserving electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) from Texas universities. We further explain the theoretical, technical and political issues that arose during the implementation of this system. These issues range from technical components developed by TDL 'such as a customized workflow management application and adding OAI-ORE capabilities to DSpace' to human-centered issues such as stakeholder engagement and participation. Our experiences reflect the challenges, expected and unexpected, that others will face when attempting to build digital library applications to scale.
Adrenalectomy enhances the anorectic effect of dexfenfluramine: Relation to mineralocorticoids and salt appetite

A previous observation that adrenalectomized (ADX) rats were more anorectic and lost more weight than intact controls when treated with the serotonergic agent, d,l-fenfluramine, was confirmed using a high dose of the more selective d-enantiomer, dexfenfluramine (DFEN). However, ADX rats were not more anorectic than intact controls to a lower dose of DFEN. The extreme weight loss at high doses was accompanied by a loss of appetite for NaCl solution. The rapid deterioration of these animals may have been due to excessive loss of sodium ions and extracellular fluid volume, although this was not assessed directly. This interpretation was supported in a second study in which treatment of ADX rats with a selective mineralocorticoid, which eliminates both the need and appetite for NaCl, normalized weight loss during DFEN treatment. These data do not support the idea of an interactive role of glucocorticoids and brain serotonin in anorexia. The density of serotonin uptake sites in frontal cortex was reduced by DFEN in a dose-dependent manner, but did not differ between ADX and intact control groups.
Correlates of styles of love

Abstract Styles of loving were correlated with neuroticism and extraversion scores. The manic style of love was significantly associated with neuroticism scores, while ludic and erotic love were associated with extraversion.
Analysis of Doppler-broadened Bi K. cap alpha. x-ray lines observed in 460-MeV Xe + Bi collisions

The Bi $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ lines observed in 460-MeV (lab) Xe + Bi encounters are significantly Doppler broadened. The x-ray line shapes can be calculated using theoretical models for the impact-parameter dependence $P(b)$ of the probability of making $1s\ensuremath{\sigma}$ vacancies in Xe + Bi collisions. The measured line shapes are in good agreement with those derived from values of $P(b)$ calculated by Betz et al.
Line-by-line method of calculating emission coefficients for thermal plasmas consisting of monatomic species

Abstract A theoretically rigorous method for obtaining radiation property data of thermal plasmas composed of monatomic, nonhydrogenic species is presented. An exact line-by-line technique is utilized in order to avoid assumptions that are commonly made in handling line radiation. Doppler, natural, Van der Waals, resonance, and quadratic Stark broadening mechanisms are included in determining the line half-widths. In addition to line radiation, free-bound continuum and free-free continuum for both ions and neutral particles are considered. The fundamental radiation property determined by the program is the spectral emission coefficient. From this property the spectral absorption coefficient can easily be determined. Properties that are more suitable for engineering analysis, such as the wavelength integrated emission coefficient and the net emission coefficient, are also calculated. Comparisons to experimentally determined wavelength integrated emission coefficients for argon plasmas and analytically determined net emission coefficients for argon/copper plasmas are presented.
Selection of the Number and Positions of Measuring Locations for Electrocardiography

This paper considers how many and which locations on the body surface must be measured (by taking ECGs at these positions) to be able to determine consistently the total-body QRS surface-potential distribution as it varies in time. The answers to these questions have implications about the complexity of models of heart electrical activity in addition to their experimental value. An advantage of using the ability to compute the total-body potential distribution as a criterion of quality is that untestable assumptions about the nature of heart electrical activity are avoided. The accuracy of computed potential distributions with respect to corresponding experimental ones is specified by the mean-square difference between them. Acceptable maps had an average relative mean square error of less than 4 percent in the presence of about 1 percent noise, since inspection of the surface maps showed this to be the maximum error allowable for the same clinical or physiological interpretation of the surface maps analyzed.
Culture of adult rat lung cells: Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism and mutagenesis

A method is described for obtaining and culturing large numbers of lung cells from normal adult male rats. The lungs were perfused in situ to remove blood cells and then perfused via the trachea with a trypsin-collagenase solution to initiate tissue digestion. The tissue was further digested in the enzyme solution and approximately 2×108 viable lung cells were obtained per animal. Primary cultures contained a mixed cell population. Through eight subcultures about 70% of the cell population possessed an epithelial-like morphology, whereas the remaining 30% was fibroblast-like. Three clones of epithelial-like cells were isolated at the fourth subculture. The mass culture lung cells and the epithelial-like clone that was studied retained a normal karyotype and did not grow in soft agar. Both the mass culture cells and the epithelial clone metabolized the lung carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BP) to water-soluble products. Furthermore, the mass culture lung cells metabolized BP to intermediate(s) which mutated Chinese hamster V79 cells from ouabain sensitivity to ouabain resistance. These lung cell cultures have potential use in cell transformation, mutation and carcinogen metabolism studies.
Baryon-number nonconservation, massless fermions, and the axial anomaly

The work of Blaer, Christ, and Tang is extended to calculate the cross section of quarks scattering from a monopole in the framework of grand unified SU(5) theory. A theorem about fermion mass and the axial anomaly is proved.
Dynamic wires: an analog VLSI model for object-based processing

The dynamic-wire methodology provides dedicated lines of communication among groups of pixels of an image which share common properties. In simple applications, object regions can be grouped together to compute the area or the center of mass of each object. Alternatively, object boundaries may be used to compute curvature or contour length. These measurements are useful for higher-level tasks such as object recognition or structural saliency. The dynamic-wire methodology is efficiently implemented in fast, low-power analog hardware. Switches create a true electrical connection among selected pixels, dynamically configuring wires or resistive networks on the fly. Dynamic wires provide a model for object-based processing. This approach is different from present early vision chips which are limited to pixel-based or image-based operations. Using this methodology, we have successfully designed and demonstrated a custom analog VLSI chip which computes contour length.
INVOLVED FIELD RADIATION AFTER AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANT FOR DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA IN THE RITUXIMAB ERA

Purpose For patients with recurrent or refractory large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the treatment of choice. We evaluated the role of involved field radiation therapy (IFRT) post-ASCT for patients initially induced with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or, more recently, rituximab-CHOP (R-CHOP). Materials and Methods Between May 1992 and April 2005, 176 patients underwent ASCT for recurrent or refractory large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; 164 patients were evaluable for endpoint analysis. Fifty percent of the CHOP group ( n = 131), and 39% of the R-CHOP group ( n = 33), received IFRT. Follow-up from the time of transplant was a median/mean of 1.7/3 years (range, 0.03-13 years). Results The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) improved with IFRT in both the R-CHOP ( p = 0.006 and 0.02, respectively) and CHOP ( p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively) groups. IFRT was associated with a 10% ( p = 0.17) reduction in local failure, alone or with a distant site. On univariate analysis, IFRT was associated with superior OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50 [95% CI 0.32, 0.78]; p = 0.002) and DSS (HR = 0.53 [95% CI 0.33, 0.86]; p = 0.009). Presence of B symptoms was adverse ( p = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, only IFRT was associated with significant improvement in OS (HR = 0.35 [0.18, 0.68]; p = 0.002) and DSS (HR = 0.39 [95% CI 0.18, 0.84]; p = 0.01). Conclusions Recognizing that positive and negative patient selection bias exists for the use of IFRT post-ASCT, patients initially treated with CHOP or R-CHOP and who undergo ASCT for recurrent or refractory disease may benefit from subsequent IFRT presumably due to enhanced local control that can translate into a survival advantage.
Growth factor receptors and medulloblastoma

Growth factors and their receptors play important roles in the regulation of cell division, development and differentiation. Neurotrophins are growth factors which have not been shown, until recently, to be associated with human neoplasia. Medulloblastoma is a central nervous system tumor which is thought to arise from the external granule cell layer of the cerebellum. Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) or Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and/or their receptors have not been found to have a significant role in the development of this tumor. Neurotrophins, however, which regulate cerebellar development in a time-dependent manner, appear to be important in medulloblastoma and the presence of high levels of TrkC expression, a neurotrophin receptor, is associated with a better outcome. The potential role of these growth factors and their receptors in manipulating the behavior of this tumor is discussed.
Bayesian Inference of Tree Water Relations Using a Soil-Tree-Atmosphere Continuum Model☆

Abstract To better understand root-soil water interactions, a mature white fir (Abies concolor) and the surrounding root zone were continuously monitored (sap flow, canopy stem water potential, soil moisture, and temperature), to characterize tree hydrodynamics. We present a hydrodynamic flow model, simulating unsaturated flow in the soil and tree with stress functions controlling spatially distributed root water uptake and canopy transpiration. Using the van Genuchten functions, we parameterize the effective retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity functions of the tree sapwood and soil, soil and canopy stress functions, and radial root zone distribution. To parameterize the in-situ tree water relationships, we combine a numerical model with observational data in an optimization framework, minimizing residuals between simulated and measured observational data of soil and tree canopy. Using the MCMC method, the HYDRUS model is run in an iterative process that adjusts parameters until residuals are minimized. Using these optimized parameters, the HYDRUS model simulates diurnal tree water potential and sap flow as a function of tree height, in addition to spatially distributed changes in soil water storage and soil water potential.
73-Year-old woman with fever and mental status changes

A 73-year-old right-handed woman from Wisconsin presented to her local hospital in early March with sharp central chest pain, epigastric discomfort, and painful swallowing. Findings on a work-up for intra-abdominal pathology and cardiac ischemia (including extensive blood work, serial electrocardiograms, and a computed tomographic [CT] scan of the abdomen and pelvis were unremarkable, and the patient was given a presumptive diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Before discharge, however, the patient developed recurrent fevers ranging as high as 39.4oC and had difficulty with speaking. Over the next day, her mental status and speech continued to worsen, prompting transfer to Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. The patient’s medical history was notable for nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy with frequent ventricular ectopy, polymyalgia, and hypothyroidism. Her surgical history included excision of 2 parathyroid glands for hyperparathyroidism. She had traveled only within the upper Midwest. Her medications were all oral and included 81 mg/d of aspirin, 12.5 mg of carvedilol twice daily, 50 mg/d of losartan, 40 mg/d of furosemide, 400 mg/d of amiodarone, 20 mg/d of prednisone (as part of a slow taper after an initial dosage of 30 mg/d started 4 months earlier), and 125 μg/d of levothyroxine. On physical examination, the patient had a temperature of 38.4°C, a heart rate of 92 beats/min, a regular blood pressure of 140/60 mm Hg, a respiratory rate of 24/min, and an oxygen saturation rate of 94% while breathing room air. Her mucous membranes were dry, and 2 shallow bleeding ulcers were noted on her upper palate and tongue. Findings on examination of the lungs, abdomen, extremities, and skin were normal. However, cardiac examination revealed a grade 2/6 systolic ejection murmur. Neurologic examination revealed that the patient was somnolent, opening her eyes and maintaining arousal only when verbally stimulated. She was unable to follow even simple 1-step commands and answered “yes” to most questions. Her speech was otherwise unintelligible. The patient was able to track with her eyes and blinked to threat bilaterally. Her optic discs were flat, and her face was symmetric. She had strong spontaneous movements of the upper and lower extremities and localized to pain throughout. Reflexes on the right were slightly stronger than those on the left. The right plantar response was extensor, whereas the left was flexor. No nuchal rigidity was observed.
The brief sexual attitudes scale.

The measurement of sexual attitudes is important, and ease of scale usability is one key aspect of measurement. This paper details three studies conducted to develop a briefer and thus more efficie...
The Bible and anthropocentrism: putting humans in their place

Can religion contribute to a better, more ecologically balanced treatment of the environment? Since a seminal essay by Lynn White, this question has often been answered in the negative. There he exposed the dominant anthropocentric reading of the biblical tradition that has characterized the worldview of Western Christianity. This worldview provided the conditions for human exploitation of the environment. This paper will challenge the common anthropocentric reading of the Bible, arguing instead that the Bible is the product of a theocentric worldview. Humans may be singled out in the Bible for particular attention, but they are not separated out from the natural world in which they live. In the theocentric worldview of the Bible, humans and all other creatures are dependent upon God for creation and subsistence, and all alike are valuable to God as part of his creation. The world, inclusive of humans and animals, trees and plants, land and seas, belongs to God because it is God’s creation, and it is in relation to God that each part of creation has its value and worth. A non-anthropocentric reading of the Bible—putting humans in their place—provides an appropriate framework for valuing the natural world, not simply as resources for human use, but rather as the creation of God.
Test Criteria for Statistical Hypotheses Involving Several Variables

(1935). Test Criteria for Statistical Hypotheses Involving Several Variables. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 30, No. 191A, pp. 549-560.
Pathologies of Accountability: ICANN and the Challenge of “Multiple Accountabilities Disorder”

Accountability is a core concept of public administration, yet disagreement about its meaning is masked by consensus on its importance and desirability. This article proposes a five-part typology of accountability conceptions. Transparency, liability, controllability, responsibility, and responsiveness are defined as distinct dimensions of accountability, providing an improvement on the current state of conceptual fuzziness. The typology provides a vocabulary for the core argument: that conflicting expectations borne of disparate conceptions of accountability undermine organizational effectiveness. This phenomenon—labeled multiple accountabilities disorder— is illustrated with a case study. ICANN, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, is a nascent organization charged with administering the Domain Name System, the Internet’s address directory. In its four-year history, ICANN has been the object of much criticism. Conflicting accountability expectations have been a source of difficulty for ICANN’s leaders as they have steered the organization through its early years.
Pulmonary vascular reactivity of the newborn pony foal

Summary Adult ponies develop pulmonary hypertension at altitude (Bisgard, Orr and Will 1975), but the neonatal response to acute hypoxaemia is unknown. Seven foals aged five days were instrumented with a systemic and a Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter while anaesthetised and intubated. Cardiac index, pulmonary (PAP) and systemic (SAP) vascular pressures were measured as the foals breathed gas mixtures with F102 of 8 to 94 per cent. Because foramen ovale or ductus arteriosus shunts might have altered thermodilution cardiac index measurements in the stressed foals, the ratio, PAP/SAP was calculated to define relative circulatory reactivity. Three foals, two of which were full siblings, had very marked elevation of PAP/SAP from 0.6 to 1.41 at low inspired oxygen tensions. Four different foals attained maximal PAP/SAP of only 0.2 to 0.92 at similarly low oxygen tensions (P<0.0001). Thus, pulmonary vascular reactivity to ventilatory hypoxaemia varied greatly in pony foals of the same age. The exaggerated reactivity in related foals suggested that, as in cattle, a genetic predisposition to develop reactive pulmonary hypertension under hypoxaemic stress may exist.
Predictors of Cerebral Infarction in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background— Clinical and radiologic predictors of cerebral infarction occurrence and location after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage have been seldom studied. Methods— We evaluated all patients admitted to our hospital with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage between 1998 and 2000. Cerebral infarction was defined as a new hypodensity located in a vascular distribution on computed tomography (CT) scan. Results— Fifty-seven of 143 patients (40%) developed a cerebral infarction. On univariate analysis, occurrence of cerebral infarction was associated with a worse World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade (P=0.01), use of ventriculostomy catheter (P=0.01), preoperative vasospasm (P=0.03), surgical clipping (P=0.02), symptomatic vasospasm (P<0.01), and vasospasm on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) or repeat angiogram (P<0.01). On multivariable analysis, only presence of symptoms ascribed to vasospasm (P<0.01) and evidence of vasospasm on TCD or angiogram predicted cerebral infarction (P<0.01)....
Field Endotracheal Intubation by Paramedical Personnel: Success Rates and Complications

One-hundred thirty mobile intensive care unit paramedics were trained in the technique of direct laryngoscopic endotracheal intubation of cardiac arrest or deeply comatose patients. Three attempts at intubation were permitted. Of the 779 patients studied, 701 (90.0 percent) were successfully intubated: 57.9 percent on the first attempt, 26.1 percent and 5.5 percent on the second and third respectively. Reported and observed complications of the procedure numbered 74 (9.5 percent) of the 779 patients included in the study. There were three unrecognized esophageal intubations. The success rate rose to more than 94 percent toward the end of the study. It is concluded that endotracheal intubation of deeply comatose patients is a field procedure safely and skillfully performed by well-trained and monitored paramedical personnel, with success and complication rates at least comparable to other invasive airway techniques.