cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Note on Expressive Coalgebraic Logics for Finitary Set Functors

This article has two purposes. The first is to present a final coalgebra construction for finitary endofunctors on Set that uses a certain subset L* of the limit L of the first ω terms in the final sequence. L* is the set of points in L which arise from all coalgebras using their canonical morphisms into L, and it was used earlier for different purposes in Kurz and Pattinson (2005, Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, 15, 543–473). Viglizzo (2005, PhD Dessertation, Indiana University) showed that the same set L* carried a final coalgebra structure for functors in a certain inductively defined family. Our first goal is to generalize this to all finitary endofunctors; the result is implicit in Worrell (2005, Theoritical Computer Science, 338, 184–199). The second goal is to use the final coalgebra construction to propose coalgebraic logics similar to those in Lawrence S. Moss (1999, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, 96, 277–317) but for all finitary endofunctors F on Set. This time one can dispense with all conditions on F, construct a logical language LF directly from it, and prove that two points in a coalgebra satisfy the same sentences of LF iff they are identified by the final coalgebra morphism. The language LF is very spare, having no boolean connectives. This work on LF is thus a re-working of coalgebraic logic for finitary functors on sets.
Integrated stochastic metric of flexibility for systems with discrete state and continuous parameter uncertainties

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of developing a quantitative measure for the flexibility of a design to withstand uncertainties in the continuous parameters and discrete states. The metric is denoted as the expected stochastic flexibility E(SF). For a given a linear model, a joint distribution for the parameters and probabilities of failure for the discrete states, the proposed metric predicts the probability of feasible operation for a design. A novel inequality reduction scheme is proposed to aid in performing the integration over the feasible region characterized by inequalities. A bounding scheme is also proposed to avoid the evaluation of the integrals over a large number of discrete states when determining the E(SF). An example problem is presented to demonstrate the fact that the proposed measure provides a framework for integrating flexibility and reliability in process design.
Age alters expression and inducibility of heme oxygenase isozymes in mice

Heme oxygenase (HO) performs the rate limiting step in heme degradation and is induced by cell injury or stress. We wished to determine if dietary fatty acid composition, increased age and/or an induced oxidative stress would alter the expression of HO-1 (constitutive and inducible isozyme) or of HO-2 (constitutive isozyme), in mouse liver, spleen and brain. Six-and 24-month-old male B6C3F1 mice were fed AIN-76A diets containing either 5% corn oil (CO, moderately unsaturated, n=5 per age group) or 19% menhaden fish oil plus 1% corn oil (FO, highly polyunsaturated, n=20 per age group). After 2 weeks, 5 CO and 5 FO fed mice in each age group were sacrificed. The remaining FO diet mice (n=15 per age group) were then challenged with a systemic oxidative stress by intraperitoneal injection of 125 mg iron/kg body weight as iron dextran. Five stressed mice from each age group were sacrificed 1, 5, and 24 hours post injection; liver, spleen and brain were removed. Part of each tissue was fixed in formalin, and microsomal protein isolated from the remaining tissue. HO-1 and HO-2 were detected by immunoblot of microsomal protein and by immunohistochemical staining of fixed tissue in the liver and spleen, but only HO-2 was detected in the brain. There was no significant difference in HO-1 or HO-2 expression due to diet. The liver of old unstressed mice had significantly more HO-1 than young mice. However, HO-1 was significantly induced in the livers of young mice, but not of old mice, following oxidative stress. Spleen HO-1 expression was not significantly altered by age or oxidative stress. HO-2 expression was not significantly altered by age or induced oxidative stress in any tissue examined. Age-related alterations in liver HO-1 isozyme expression and inducibility may contribute to increased susceptibility to exogenous stress and disease.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Novel Sansalvamide A Derivatives

Described are the syntheses of 14 derivatives of the natural product Sansalvamide A, where two are more active against HCT 116 colon cancer cell lines than the natural product. These derivatives were synthesized using a combinatorial-type strategy that permits elucidation of the amino acid role in the cytotoxicity, and they lay the groundwork for development of new anticancer agents.
Closure of patent foramen ovale for paradoxical emboli: intermediate-term risk of recurrent neurological events following transcatheter device placement.

Abstract OBJECTIVES We report the largest and the longest follow-up to date of patients who underwent transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure for paradoxical embolism. BACKGROUND Closure of a PFO has been proposed as an alternative to anticoagulation in patients with presumed paradoxical emboli. METHODS Data were collected for patients following PFO closure with the Clamshell, CardioSEAL or Buttoned Devices at two institutions. RESULTS There were 63 patients (46 ± 18 years) with a follow-up of 2.6 ± 2.4 years. Fifty-four (86%) had effective closure of the foramen ovale (trivial or no residual shunt by echocardiography) while seven (11%) had mild and two (3%) had moderate residual shunting. There were four deaths (leukemia, pulmonary embolism, sepsis following a hip fracture and lung cancer). There were four recurrent embolic neurological events following device placement: one stroke and three transient events. The stroke occurred in a 56-year-old patient six months following device placement. A follow-up transesophageal echocardiogram showed a well seated device without residual shunting. Two of the four events were associated with suboptimal device performance (one patient had a significant residual shunt and a second patient had a “friction lesion” in the left atrial wall associated with a displaced fractured device arm). The risk of recurrent stroke or transient neurological event following device placement was 3.2% per year for all patients. CONCLUSION Transcatheter closure of PFO is an alternative therapy for paradoxical emboli in selected patients. Improved device performance may reduce the risk of recurrent neurological events. Further studies are needed to identify patients most likely to benefit from this intervention.
Moments of structure functions and experimental tests of QCD

Abstract Simple assumptions which have little or no connection to quantum chromodynamics, lead to upper and lower bounds for the slope of the graph for log M N ′ versus log M N , where M N is the N th moment of the deep inelastic structure function xF 3 ( x , q 2 ). The published results of the CDHS and BEBC collaborations cover the entire range allowed by our bounds and therefore cannot be considered as evidence for the validity of QCD.
The Impact of Innovation on Economic Performance in Services

This article empirically explores the relationship between innovation and economic performance in services at the firm level. The empirical analysis is based on a unique longitudinal firm-level dat...
Hands-on Current Electricity: A professional development course

“Hands-on Current Electricity” gives K-8 teachers the opportunity to experience inquiry learning about current electricity by (1) experimenting with current electricity through a variety of activities, (2) discovering preconceived mental models of electricity used to understand their observations, (3) creating new mental models that have greater explanatory power, and (4) presenting a hands-on current electricity activity to their students as part of a final project. One teacher’s intellectual growth is highlighted by means of excerpts from the teacher’s weekly journal entries.
The Demand for Reparations: Grievance, Risk, and the Pursuit of Justice in Civil War Settlement

In analyzing peace processes in postconflict societies, scholars have primarily focused on the impact of prosecutions, truth-telling efforts, and reconciliation strategies, while overlooking the im...
Oscillatory bands, neuronal synchrony and hippocampal function : Implications of the effects of prenatal choline supplementation for sleep-dependent memory consolidation

Choline supplementation of the maternal diet has long-term facilitative effects on spatial and temporal memory processes in the offspring. To further delineate the impact of early nutritional status on brain and behavior, we examined effects of prenatal-choline availability on hippocampal oscillatory frequency bands in 12 month-old male and female rats. Adult offspring of time-pregnant dams that were given a deficient level of choline (DEF=0.0 g/kg), sufficient choline (CON=1.1 g/kg) or supplemental choline (SUP=3.5 g/kg) in their chow during embryonic days (ED) 12-17 were implanted with an electroencephalograph (EEG) electrode in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in combination with an electromyograph (EMG) electrode patch implanted in the nuchal muscle. Five consecutive 8-h recording sessions revealed differential patterns of EEG activity as a function of awake, slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep states and prenatal choline status. The main finding was that SUP rats displayed increased power levels of gamma (30-100 Hz) band oscillations during all phases of the sleep/wake cycle. These findings are discussed within the context of a general review of neuronal oscillations (e.g., delta, theta, and gamma bands) and synchronization across multiple brain regions in relation to sleep-dependent memory consolidation in the hippocampus.
Geometry of transform zones

Asymmetric sea-floor formation at oceanic spreading centre/transform fault intersections is predicted by the steady-state (average) geometry of finite-width transform fault zones. In the central North Atlantic, geological and geophysical data near both small-offset (FAMOUS Fracture Zone B) and large-offset (Kane Fracture Zone) transforms support this geometry. We report here observations made on both regional and local scales which suggest predictable systematic development of asymmetric features in these areas.
Inhibition of decay fungi using cotton cellulose hydrolysis as a model for wood decay

Abstract Environmental pressures to replace chromium and arsenic in fixed waterborne preservatives have been increasing. Potential inhibitors of brown-, white- and soft-rot fungi need to be evaluated as alternative preservatives by screening and testing in, in vitro, model systems. This paper reports the inhibition of cellulose depolymerization and weight loss of selected decay fungi by 11 chemical compounds. The ability to depolymerize carbohydrate polymers is analogous to strength loss of wood which can occur independently of utilization (weight loss). Cotton cellulose was pretreated with 1% solutions of compounds selected for their unique ability to stain wood components, dye cellulose or to act as a scavenger of active oxygen species. Cotton cellulose was exposed to three brown-rot fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum MAD-617; Postia placenta MAD-698 and Tyromyces palustris TYP-6137) and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor MAD-697. After 12 weeks exposure to the fungi in modified soil-block tests, cotton samples were removed and tested for weight loss, reduction in degree of polymerization (DP) and elemental analysis by inductive coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. Only two compounds tested (NHA and ruthenium red) inhibited weight loss for all fungi tested. The remaining compounds were selective in their ability to prevent weight loss or inhibit reduction in DP. In general, antioxidants were only effective against brown-rot fungi. Independent mechanisms of cellulose hydrolysis by brown- and white-rot fungi demonstrates one problem inherent in development of target specific wood preservatives not evident in preservatives containing broad-spectrum biocides, i.e. different mechanisms require different inhibitors.
Insulin rapidly decreases insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 gene transcription in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) can inhibit or potentiate IGF action. The biological activity of IGFBP-1 is determined by many factors, including its abundance in tissues and plasma, posttranslational modifications, and localization. IGFBP-1 levels in human plasma are highly regulated. They are increased after acute fasting and in diabetes, and are rapidly reversed by refeeding and insulin treatment, respectively. Similarly, IGFBP-1 mRNA is increased in the liver of severely diabetic and ketotic rats and decreased after 4 days of insulin treatment. Insulin rapidly decreases IGFBP-1 mRNA and IGFBP-1 transcription in rat hepatoma cells. The present study asks whether the increase in IGFBP-1 mRNA in diabetic rat liver reflects increased gene transcription, whether insulin decreases IGFBP-1 mRNA through a transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanism, and whether this decrease is sufficiently rapid to account for the dynamic fluctuations in plasma IGFBP-1. Rats were injected ip with ...
A Graphite Foams Based Vapor Chamber for Chip Heat Spreading

A vapor chamber using high thermal conductivity and permeability graphite foam as a wick has been designed, built, and tested. With ethanol as the working fluid, the vapor chamber has been demonstrated at a heat flux of 80 W/cm 2 . The effects of the capillary limit, the boiling limit, and the thermal resistance in restricting the overall performance of a vapor chamber have been analyzed. Because of the high thermal conductivity of the graphite foams, the modeling results show that the performance of a vapor chamber using a graphite foam is about twice that of one using a copper wick structure. Furthermore, if water is used as the working fluid instead of ethanol, the performance of the vapor chamber will be increased further. Graphite foam vapor chambers with water as the working fluid can be made by treating the graphite foam with an oxygen plasma to improve the wetting of the graphite by the water.
Interatomic interactions for Mo and W based on the low-order moments of the density of states

A model of the energetics of bcc transition metals based on the low-order moments of the electronic density of states is presented. The effects of the changes of the coarse shape of the density of states are included via a fourth moment term in a manner similar to other recently proposed models. The model is tested by the computation of point defect properties, phonon dispersions, structural energy differences, and surface properties. The results are compared to experiment, [ital ab] [ital initio] calculations, and other model interatomic potentials. The results indicate that the inclusion of the fourth moment term in the energy does not significantly improve the description of properties with structures close to that of the bulk bcc lattice. However, the fourth moment term substantially improves the description of large deviations from the bulk bcc lattice such as surfaces and alternative crystal structures.
Retaliation: legal ramifications and practical implications of discriminatory acts in the workplace

Purpose – Retaliation complaints in the workplace have increased 71 percent in the past ten years with a record high of more than 32,000 complaints filed in 2008. The purpose of this paper is to review retaliation legislation to clarify for employers and employees the protected provisions and provide guidance for complying with this important anti‐discrimination statute to aid in promoting a fair and unbiased work environment.Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews retaliation claims in cases of US employment discrimination including the central elements and covered individuals. It also reviews key recent rulings that have broadened what constitutes retaliation to better understand its impact in workforce management practices. Equity and organizational justice theories are drawn upon to address performance management and employee discipline issues that may arise in the workplace and how organizational action may be impacted by the retaliation statute.Findings – Retaliation is often considered to ...
ON THE REVERSIBILITY OF TWIST-SPUN KNOTS

Litherland has shown that if a knot is (+)-amphicheiral then its m-twist-spin is reversible. We show that, for classical knots, in many cases the converse holds.
Transient Receptor Potential Channels Contribute to Pathological Structural and Functional Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction

Rationale:The cellular and molecular basis for post–myocardial infarction (MI) structural and functional remodeling is not well understood. Objective:Our aim was to determine if Ca2+ influx through transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels contributes to post-MI structural and functional remodeling. Methods and Results:TRPC1/3/4/6 channel mRNA increased after MI in mice and was associated with TRPC-mediated Ca2+ entry. Cardiac myocyte–specific expression of a dominant-negative (loss-of-function) TRPC4 channel increased basal myocyte contractility and reduced hypertrophy and cardiac structural and functional remodeling after MI while increasing survival in mice. We used adenovirus-mediated expression of TRPC3/4/6 channels in cultured adult feline myocytes to define mechanistic aspects of these TRPC-related effects. TRPC3/4/6 overexpression in adult feline myocytes induced calcineurin (Cn)-nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)–mediated hypertrophic signaling, which was reliant on caveolae ...
Bioassay of compounds derived from the honeybee sting.

Nine compounds identified from honeybee,Apis mettifera L., sting extracts and one compound identified from the honeybee mandibular gland were evaluated in a standardized laboratory test for their effectiveness in eliciting an alarm response from caged honeybees. Two,n-decyl acetate and benzyl alcohol, were judged ineffective as alarm pheromones. The remaining eight—2-nonanol, isopentyl acetate,n-butyl acetate,n-hexyl acetate, benzyl acetate, isopentyl alcohol, andn-octyl acetate from the sting and 2-heptanone from the mandibular gland-produced responses of similar frequency and strength.
Medicine and literature in the medical curriculum.

United States' medical education is a laboratory experience. During the first two years of the curriculum, students are exposed to medical sciences that are taught from a research laboratory perspective; during the final two years of their medical education, students learn the protocols of the referral hospital, a clinical "laboratory." Postgraduate medical training also occurs within this same clinical laboratory: the tertiary care facility. The result of this laboratory-oriented educational program is that physicians who complete it frequently lack familiarity with basic, everyday human problems. Many medical students and physicians with this training are naive in their understanding of the human condition. This problem has been accentuated by the stultifying influence of modern medical schools on the so-called liberal arts education of college undergraduates. Competition for admission to medical schools and the scientific rigors of medical education have produced a generation of medical students who almost universally major in biology
Wave-Number-Dependent Susceptibility Function for Paramagnetic Chromium

A detailed computation has been made of the generalized susceptibility function for paramagnetic chromium to investigate the effects of including realistic band-structure effects on both the unenhanced susceptibility and on the exchange enhancement. An augmented-plane-wave band-structure calculation for paramagnetic chromium has been performed to obtain energy bands and wave functions for the first six bands on a mesh of 1024 points in the Brillouin zone. An interpolation scheme was used to increase the effective mesh to 128 000 points in the zone and the unenhanced susceptibility function was calculated from these, both with and without the matrix elements. The matrix elements were seen to make a dramatic difference in the susceptibility, and, in fact, reduce the peak due to the "nesting" of the Fermi surface so that it is not an actual maximum of ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{(0)}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{q}})$. The exchange enhancement was then investigated by approximately solving the coupled self-consistent equations for the Fourier components of the response to an applied field including local-field corrections. This yields an exchange-enhanced susceptibility function which has the tendency to first become infinite at the nesting wave vector, indicating that the local-field corrections may play an important role in determining the wave vector for instability against formation of a spin-density wave. It is also shown that the exchange-enhanced susceptibility thus obtained displays quasilocalized spin behavior of the electron response to an applied oscillatory field.
Beam implantation: A new method for preparing cage molecules containing atoms at high incorporation levels

We describe here a new method for preparing cage molecules containing atoms which, in principle, is not limited to thermodynamic levels of incorporation. Beams of ions can be easily made at selected energies. On colliding with cage molecules, they have a chance of penetrating into the interior. If one exposes the molecules to the beam particles continually and if these collisions neither knock occupants out of the cages nor destroy occupied cage molecules, there is no upper limit to the fraction of occupation which can be achieved. 10 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.
Organic And Polymeric Thin Films For Nonlinear Optics

Results obtained recently demonstrate that many organic molecules can be designed to provide nonlinear susceptibilities far larger than those of lithium niobate. These molecules may be attached to polymer chains to create films of large area with good mechanical properties as well as the required optical performance. Applications that have been predicted include second-harmonic generation, optical modulation, optical switching, and memories. For these hopes to reach fruition, highly ordered polymer films incorporating these molecules must be fabricated. Among the most promising techniques being pursued is Langmuir-Blodgett deposition, in which monolayers can be extracted from a water subphase onto a substrate. The interleaving of film materials permits the creation of multiple-layer systems between 5 A and 5000 A thick. In this paper we review both the research directed toward molecular design and the efforts to grow multilayer crystalline polymer films.
The receptor docking segment and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine bind independently to the methyltransferase of bacterial chemotaxis.

Abstract To mediate adaptation to stimuli, the methyltransferase (CheR) catalyzes methyl group transfer from S -adenosyl- L -methionine (SAM) to glutamyl residues in the transmembrane receptors of the bacterial chemosensory signaling pathway. The interaction between receptors and CheR occurs at two sites: a methylation site–active site interaction, and a ‘docking’ site interaction that is separated both from the methylation sites and the CheR active site. It is not certain if the docking site interaction functions merely to localize the transferase in close proximity to the methylation sites, or if it also increases CheR catalytic activity. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments are conducted to test for allosteric interactions between the docking and active sites on CheR, which are expected to be present if docking activates CheR. The binding parameters (Δ G , Δ H , Δ S ) of a substrate analog of SAM, S -adenosyl- L -homocysteine (SAH), are measured both in the absence and presence of saturating concentrations of a pentapeptide (NWETF) that defines the docking receptor docking segment. SAH binding is unaffected by the presence of saturating NWETF, providing evidence that an allosteric activation of CheR does not take place upon docking, and thus supports the idea that the CheR–NWETF interaction merely functions to localize CheR near the sites of methylation.
Glucocorticoids inhibit precursor incorporation into protein in splenic lymphocytes by stimulating protein degradation and expanding intracellular amino acid pools

Abstract In the presence of tracer concentrations of extracellular leucine (5 μM), treatment of rat splenic lymphocyte suspensions in vitro with 1 μM dexamethasone for 2.5–4 h caused a 30–35% inhibition of [ 3 H]leucine incorporation into protein. As the extracellular leucine concentration was raised to 5 mM, this inhibition was progressively reduced to 0–12%. This phenomenon correlated with a marked dependence on extracellular leucine concentration of the dexamethasone-dependent enlargement of free intracellular leucine pools in splenic lymphocytes: a 123% increase in pool size with tracer extracellular leucine; a 10% increase with 5 mM leucine. Varying extracellular leucine had no effect on: (1) nuclear [ 3 H]dexamethasone binding by the cells; (2) the concentration of dexamethasone needed for half-maximal inhibition of [ 3 H]leucine incorporation; (3) the time course of onset and maximal expression of the hormonal inhibition of [ 3 H]leucine incorporation; or (4) the magnitude of dexamethasone-dependent inhibition of [ 3 H]uridine incorporation into RNA by these cells. There was no detectable effect of dexamethasone on uptake and retention of [ 3 H]leucine by the cells, regardless of the extracellular leucine concentration. Treatment of splenic lymphocytes for 4 h in vitro with 1 μM dexamethasone caused a small shift of ribosomes from larger aggregate polysomes to smaller forms. Thus, glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of amino acid incorporation in splenic lymphocytes is a multicomponent response, of which an actual decrease in protein synthesis is only a small part. Enlargement of free intracellular amino acid pools, probably resulting from increased protein degradation, is the major contributing factor to the hormonal inhibition of amino acid incorporation.
Utilization and transfer of nitrogen from glycine, L-alanine, L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid during cessation and induction of growth.

Abstract Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with growth hormone increased the incorporation of N 15 from four labeled amino acids, glycine, l -alanine, l -aspartic acid, and l -glutamic acid, into the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein fractions of quadriceps muscle. Incorporation of the isotope into the collagen-elastin fraction of muscle, and into collagens of muscle, tendon, and tail, also increased. An over-all increase in N 15 labeling of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, glycine, serine, arginine, and amide nitrogen isolated from the myofibrillar protein fraction of muscle occurred in the treated animals. The increase was greatest in the amino acids which were most heavily labeled in the untreated controls. The characteristic patterns of labeling observed by others in intact animals were not altered by hypophysectomy or by treatment with growth hormone, even though this hormone causes marked changes in activity of several transaminases. Nitrogen of muscle proteins remains in a highly dynamic state in the absence of pituitary hormones.
Neonatal jaundice, animal-induced injuries, and immunizations.

The authors describe current investigation in three areas of pediatrics commonly faced by the office practitioner. Despite the fact that changes in medical practice and in patient demographics have resulted in the reemergence of severe hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin encephalopathy, clinical assessment and evaluation of discharge bilirubin levels may help predict those infants at greatest risk. Progress in the use of inhibitors of bilirubin production may eventually decrease the need for phototherapy. Although dog-associated injuries continue to affect children disproportionately, additional attention to anticipatory guidance may prove beneficial. The practice of routine immunization has reshaped our view of pediatric illness. The development of pneumococcal, meningococcal, and rotaviral vaccines will alter significantly the prevalence of common pediatric infectious disease. However, with the advent of additional vaccines, attention to pain control will take on increasing urgency.
Swindell, Frankfurt, and ambivalence

J.S. Swindell has argued that Harry Frankfurt's analysis of ambivalence is ambiguous and that it fails to do justice to the full range of this psychological phenomenon. Building on her criticism of Frankfurt, Swindell offers an analysis of ambivalence which is supposed to clarify ambiguities in Frankfurt's analysis and reveal varieties of ambivalence that Frankfurt's analysis allegedly overlooks. In this brief reply, I argue that Frankfurt's analysis of ambivalence is neither ambiguous nor objectionably narrow. I conclude with remarks on Swindell's analysis of the relationship between ambivalence and weakness of the will.
Can Educators Live with These World History Standards

The world history standards aim to develop a framework into which historical facts can be fitted. What makes them so controversial? Is the criticism justified?
Partial shape matching using genetic algorithms

Shape recognition is a challenging task when images contain overlapping, noisy, occluded, partial shapes. This paper addresses the task of matching input shapes with model shapes described in terms of features such as line segments and angles. The quality of matching is gauged using a measure derived from attributed shape grammars. We apply genetic algorithms to the partial shape-matching task. Preliminary results, using model shapes with 6 to 70 features each, are extremely encouraging.
Adherence patterns to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for referral to cancer genetic professionals.

Objective Genetic predisposition is responsible for 5–10% of breast cancer, 10% of ovarian cancer and 2–5% of uterine cancer. The study objective was to compare genetic counseling and testing referral rates among women with breast cancer that met NCCN referral guidelines to the referral rates among women with gynecologic cancers and determine predictors of referral.
The Effects of Prenatal Problems, Family Functioning, and Neighborhood Disadvantage in Predicting Life-Course-Persistent Offending:

Research examining Moffitt's dual taxonomy theory of offending has generally supported the idea that neuropsychological deficits interact with disadvantaged familial environments to predict life-course-persistent offending. Most research, however, has neglected to investigate the power of this interaction across different neighborhood and racial contexts. Using data extracted from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Moffitt's biosocial hypothesis is tested across different neighborhood and racial contexts. The findings indicate that the biosocial interaction predicts life-course-persistent offending only among non-Whites in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Stated differently, macro-level structural factors appear to moderate the effects of individual and family risks. That poor non-Whites reside in neighborhoods that are ecologically distinct from those in which poor Whites reside exacerbates the criminogenic effects of individual-level deficits and family disadvantage.
Antibody to lymphadenopathy-associated virus in haemophiliacs with and without AIDS.

To determine the incidence of antibody to lymphadenopathy-associated virus/human T-lymphotropic virus type III (LAV/HTLV-III) serum was collected from 25 Georgian patients with hemophilia A 4 patients with hemophilia B 15 hemophiliacs with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 2 brothers with hemophilia A and lymphadenopathy and their parents the wife and 3 adult children of a hemophiliac with AIDS and 5 controls. Antibody to LAV proteins p25 and p41 was detected in the serum of 18 (72%) of the 25 patients with hemophilia A who used factor VIII in 1980-82 but had no symptoms associated with AIDS. White cell total lymphocyte T lymphocyte T helper and suppressor cell counts and the T helper/T suppressor ratio were not significantly different between seropositive and seronegative hemophilia A patients. The amount of factor VIII concentrate used by seropositive patients however was significantly higher than the amount used by seronegative patients. All patients who received over 150000 units of factor VIII in 1980-82 were seropositive. None of the 4 hemophilia B patients all of whom were being treated with factor IX concentrates had antibodies to LAV/HTLV-III. Of 15 AIDS patients with hemophilia A 5 had antibody to LAV p25 and p41 proteins. All 15 had severe immunosuppression and had received large amounts of factor VIII concentrates. Antibody was not found in the wife and offspring of the hemophilia patient with AIDS or in the parents of the 2 siblings with lymphadenopathy. Patients with hemophilia B in general have not manifested the degree of immune abnormalities seen in hemophilia A. Comparison of these results with data from other studies suggests that the prevalence of LAV antibody in hemophiliacs is greater than that in homosexuals and the same as that found in lymphadenopathy-associated syndrome. These findings support the belief that LAV may be transmitted by some blood products.
Empirical Considerations on the Problem of Social Integration

The present study analyzes differences in perception of neighborhood and residential mobility as related to formal and informal participation. Results show that perceived similarity is related to neighborhood participation, while residential mobility is related to formal group membership. These relationships, with very few exceptions, seem to persist even in the presence of other control variables like age, education and religion. A significant proportion of the urban community participates frequently with neighbors and belongs to church and other formal groups. These activities are generally high in the suburb and low in the inner city regardless of differences in perception of neighborhood and residential mobility except for membership in organizational groups: the high membership in the suburb occurs under conditions of perceived similarity. The theoretical implications suggest a re-evaluation of the mode of life in the modern urban community and emphasize the significance of taking the perceptual as well as the behavioral context into account in sociological analysis.
Heisenberg-Ising spin chain and the nonlinear schrödinger equation

Abstract In this paper we consider the infinite Heisenberg-Ising spin chain. We introduce operators intertwining the Hamiltonians of the Heisenberg-Ising spin chain for different values of the coupling constant. We show that the delta Bose gas is a scaling limit of the spin chains and that the intertwining operators for the delta Bose gas (introduced in an earlier paper) are the scaling limits of the spin chain intertwining operators.
Reliability and validity of a computer-mediated, single-word intelligibility test: preliminary findings for children with repaired cleft lip and palate.

Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of a computer-mediated, 50-word intelligibility test designed to be a global measure of severity of speech disability in children with repaired cleft lip and palate. Design: A prospective between-group design was used with convenience sampling of patients from a university craniofacial center. Participants: A total of 38 children between the ages of 4 and 9 years participated. Of these, 22 had repaired cleft lip and palate; whereas, 16 had no clefts. Twenty adults served as listeners. Main Outcome Measure(s): Speech intelligibility scores were calculated for repeated administrations of a single-word test based upon the number of correct orthographically transcribed words by four groups of five listeners per child. Measures of parallel forms, interlistener, and intralistener reliabilities were estimated; measures of construct validity were also determined. Results: All measures of reliability were adequate. Parallel forms reliability of the test based up...
The communications revolution and cancer control

Advances in communications technology, particularly with regards to computer-based media, have opened up exciting possibilities to intervene and influence the trajectory of cancer control, from disease prevention to survivorship, and to reduce the cancer burden. The resulting explosion in cancer information in the mass media and on the Internet, however, also offers challenges in terms of equality in access to information and the ability to act on it, as well as in making sure that it is accurate, readily available and easy to use.
Information, Oral Arguments, and Supreme Court Decision Making

Conventional wisdom in judicial politics is that oral arguments play little if any role in how the Supreme Court makes decisions. A primary reason for this view is that insufficient evidence exists to test this hypothesis. Thus, I ask, do Supreme Court justices use information from oral arguments that may help them make decisions as close as possible to their preferred goals? My answer is straightforward: An investigation of the oral arguments and the Court's majority opinions in a sample of cases from the Burger Court era shows that the Court gathers information during oral arguments and then uses this information when making substantive policy choices. This finding has clear implications for the way in which scholars view the Supreme Court's decision-making process, as it suggests that the accepted view of where oral arguments fit into this process is far from accurate.
Causal and Logical Necessity in Malebranche's Occasionalism

The famous Cartesian Nicolas Malebranche (1638-1715) espoused the occasionalist doctrine that ‘there is only one true cause because there is only one true God; that the nature or power of each thing is nothing but the will of God; that all natural causes are not true causes but only occasional causes’ (LO, 448, original italics). One of Malebranche's well-known arguments for occasionalism, known as, the ‘no necessary connection’ argument (or, NNC) stems from the principle that ‘a true cause… is one such that the mind perceives a necessary connection between it and its effect’ (LO, 450).
Simulation and analysis of a passive pitch reversal flapping wing mechanism for an aerial robotic platform

One of many difficulties in creating flapping wing miniature robotic aerial vehicles lies in generating proper wing trajectory that would result in sufficient lift forces for hovering and maneuvering. A completely passive wing pitch reversal design based on the wingpsilas inertial dynamics is proposed. Dynamics are simulated using a Lagrangian formulation, resulting in theoretical predictions for aerodynamic forces and motion trajectory. Based on the generated wing lift and rotation trajectory delay, the wingpsilas sensitivity to variations in spring stiffness, damping coefficient, driving frequency, and rotation axis position is analyzed and the above parameters are evaluated for efficiency as control inputs. Furthermore, a wing control methodology based on slow actuation of spring stiffness and flapping frequency is proposed, allowing for partial position/orientation of the robot in free space.
Placental site trophoblastic tumor: Analysis of presentation, treatment, and outcome

Abstract Objective Placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) is the rarest form of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). A risk-adapted treatment approach has been advocated, but controversy exists as to the most important prognostic markers for this disease. Our goal was to determine the prognostic markers for patients with PSTT seen at our center. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with PSTT seen at a single tertiary care center between 1996 and 2011. The association of FIGO stage, interval from antecedent pregnancy, antecedent pregnancy outcome, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level, and age to overall survival was examined using univariate log-rank tests. Presentation, treatment, and outcome were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results Data from 17 patients were analyzed. Eight (47%) had Stage I/II disease and 9 (53%) had Stage III/IV disease. Median overall survival for the entire cohort was 86months (range, 2–101months). Median duration of follow-up for surviving patients was 56months. Increasing FIGO stage (I–III versus IV) was associated with a worse overall survival (p=0.009). Interval from antecedent pregnancy (≥12months), antecedent pregnancy outcome (full-term), hCG (≥1000IU/L), and age (≥40) were not associated with worse survival. Conclusion FIGO stage, specifically Stage IV disease, was the most important predictor of overall survival in our cohort of PSTT patients.
A CMOS 12-bit 4 MHz pipelined A/D converter with commutative feedback capacitor

A 2-bit/stage CMOS 12-bit 4 MHz pipelined A/D converter (ADC) using commutated feedback capacitor switching scheme is presented. The technique improves the DNL without using complicated calibration circuitry, nor requiring extra calibration cycle. Approximately, only 7-bit matched capacitors are required for 12-bit ADC's. Very high output swing is achieved in a gain enhanced folded cascode amplifier by operating output stage transistors in the triode region. This 12-bit pipelined ADC is integrated in a standard 0.8 /spl mu/m single poly, triple metal CMOS process, and dissipates 45 mW.
Development of the lateral eye of American horseshoe crabs: visual field and dioptric array

We used a precision two-circle goniometer mounted to the stage of a compound microscope to determine the optical alignment and to measure the entrance aperture diameter of individual cuticular cones in the dioptric array of the lateral eye of juvenile horseshoe crabs in order to learn about the development of the visual field. Our results show that the extent of the visual field of juvenile horseshoe crabs with prosomal lengths about 20% of adult size (14-21 mm) is about 70% that of the visual field of adult horseshoe crabs (prosomal lengths: 100+ mm). The visual field of such juvenile animals covers between 77 and 85 deg vertically and 140 and 145 deg horizontally. Assuming that the dioptric array is uniform and square packed, the average interommatidial angle of the juvenile animals is between 5.6 and 6.0 deg as compared to 4.6 deg for an adult animal. The diameter of the entrance aperture of individual cuticular cones increases markedly with increasing animal size. In addition, we noted a statistically significant trend for entrance aperture diameters to increase from anterior to posterior within the eye for animals of all sizes. There may be a slight trend for entrance aperture diameters to increase from dorsal to ventral within the eye. Our results indicate that the extent of the visual field and the resolution of the lateral eye approach adult values in advance of animals' reaching sexual maturity.
A techebycheff approximation approach to the computation of stabilizing compensators for systems with delays

It is shown that the problem of computing, the stabilizing compensators for a class of delay-differential systems, including neutral ones as in [1], can be approached using certain results on Tchebycheff approximation [3] and some related optimization techniques [4,5]. It is a direct consequence of the results and the single complex variable approach established in [1] for the first time for this problem that one can first compute delay-free (finite dimensional) stabilizing compensators for the systems considered in [1] which also includes a large class of neutral delay-differential systems. Once one stabilizing compensator is computed, the others can be obtained using the results in [2] and in the references there. Here we also show that a well known algorithm of de La Valee Poussin for the case of real numbers can be extended to the complex case. Also, some literature is discussed (see Remark).
Surgery was associated with greater long-term treatment success than wrist splinting in the carpal tunnel syndrome.

Source Citation Gerritsen AA, de Vet HC, Scholten RJ, et al. Splinting vs surgery in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:1245-51. 12215131 (All 20...
Integration in the Family Firm: When the Family System Replaces Controls and Culture:

A family system, rather than management systems or corporate culture, can be the key integration mechanism of a family company.
Pepsin promotes proliferation of laryngeal and pharyngeal epithelial cells.

Objective/Hypothesis: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is thought to be a significant risk factor for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but causality has never been proven. It is accepted that chronic reflux into the esophagus can induce metaplastic changes in esophageal mucosa with subsequent increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but no similar associations have been established for LPR and laryngopharyngeal SCC. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that reflux of pepsin into the laryngopharynx can promote carcinogenesis. Study Design: Translational research study. Methods: Normal human laryngeal primary epithelial cell cultures and hypopharyngeal FaDu SCC cells were exposed to human pepsin and analyzed by Human Cancer PathwayFinder and miRNA Superarrays, flow cytometry, and Western blot to determine the effect of pepsin on carcinogenesis. Laryngeal biopsy specimens taken from cancer patients and normal control subjects were analyzed for the presence of pepsin by Western blot. Results: Microarray analysis demonstrated that pepsin significantly altered the expression of 27 genes implicated in carcinogenesis and also affected the expression of 22 microRNAs known to be altered in human head and neck cancers. Pepsin increased proliferation in both FaDu SCC cells and cultured normal laryngeal epithelial primary cells by increasing S phase distribution on flow cytometry analysis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, pepsin was detected in 60% (3/5) human laryngeal cancer biopsies, absent in all (0/5) normal control specimens. Conclusions: These data support a role for refluxed pepsin in the promotion of epithelial proliferation and carcinogenesis of the larynx and pharynx. Laryngoscope, 2012
Odontoid screw fixation for fresh and remote fractures

Fractures of the odontoid process are common, accounting for 10% to 20% of all cervical spine fractures. Odontoid process fractures are classified into three types depending on the location of the fracture line. Various treatment options are available for each of these fracture types and include application of a cervical orthosis, direct anterior screw fixation, and posterior cervical fusion. If a patient requires surgical treatment of an odontoid process fracture, the timing of treatment may affect fusion rates, particularly if direct anterior odontoid screw fixation is selected as the treatment method. For example, type II odontoid fractures treated within the first 6 months of injury with direct anterior odontoid screw fixation have an 88% fusion rate, whereas fractures treated after 18 months have only a 25% fusion rate. In this review, we discuss the etiology, biomechanics, diagnosis, and treatment (including factors affecting fusion such as timing and fracture orientation) options available for odontoid process fractures.