cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A cholinergic receptor site on murine lymphocytes with novel binding characteristics.

Abstract To further analyze functionally important cholinergic receptors on lymphocytes, we studied the binding of the muscarinic antagonist Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) to murine splenic lymphocytes. Studies of displacement of [ 3 H]QNB by unlabelled QNB on lymphocytes revealed at least two binding sites. Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding isotherms also distinguished two sites with apparent Kds of 480 nM and 16 μM. There was greater specific QNB binding to B cell-enriched lymphocyte fractions than to T cell fractions. Lymphocyte binding demonstrated temperature-dependent dissociability, and specific binding occurred on isolated lymphocyte membranes as well. Both muscarinic and nicotinic ligands competed for QNB binding to lymphocytes with low and nearly equal affinity. Therefore, QNB binding sites on lymphocytes appear to be of low affinity and of mixed muscarinic and nicotinic character.
"p53: Twenty Years On" in Trieste, Italy, May 20-22, 1999.

Study of the p53 tumor suppressor has blossomed into a field of its own. From analysis of its mutations in several different cancers to deciphering the function of the protein in human cells, publications describing research on p53 annually number in the thousands. In the interest of presenting the most up-to-date information on the progress of cancer research involving p53, the workshop “p53: Twenty Years On” was organized in Trieste, Italy over May 20–22, 1999. The meeting highlighted some of the most exciting basic and clinical scientific findings on p53 within the last year. J. Cell. Physiol. 181:371–374, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influence of molecular weight on intracameral dextran movement to the posterior segment of the mouse eye.

PURPOSE. Uveoscleral outflow provides a potential pathway to the posterior segment for drug delivery In this study, the influence of molecular weight on the intraocular distribution of dextran molecules after intracameral injection in the mouse eye was investigated. METHODS. The anterior chambers of the eyes of 64 anesthetized NIH Swiss mice were perfused with various fluorescent dextran solutions (10, 40, 70, and 500 kDa) at 500 nL/min for 10 minutes. At 10, 20, or 60 minutes after the initiation of the anterior chamber perfusion, the mice were killed and tissue obtained for evaluation by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS. Each of the different molecular weight dextrans were visible in the anterior chamber of the mouse eye after the termination of the experiments. The 10-kDa dextran was observed in the supraciliary space and the supraciliary sclera after 10 minutes and in the anterior sclera after 60 minutes of perfusion. The 40-kDa dextran was detected in the supraciliary space and the anterior sclera after 10 minutes and in the anterior choroid and sclera after 20 and 60 minutes, but not in the posterior segment. The 70-kDa dextran was observed in the supraciliary space and anterior choroid after 10 minutes. After 20 minutes, it was visible in the equatorial choroid. After 60 minutes, it was observed in the posterior choroid. The 500-kDa dextran was observed in the supraciliary space and the anterior choroid after 10 minutes and in the supraciliary sclera at 20 minutes. At 60 minutes, 500-kDa dextran was observed in the equatorial choroid, but not farther toward the posterior. CONCLUSIONS. The influence of molecular weight on the redistribution of macromolecules from the anterior chamber to the posterior globe in the mouse eye appears to be similar to primate eyes. These similarities include passage of all size dextrans through the proximal uveoscleral pathway, the dependence of the extent of posterior movement on the size of the dextran, and the absence of large dextran entry into the distal uveoscleral pathway.
Intraplay Communication in Repeated Games

The paper examines repeated games where players have the (possibly costly) option of initiating bargaining over continuation payoffs between plays of the stage game. A solution concept for these augmented games, renegotiation perfectness, is used to characterize concepts like subgame perfectness and Pareto perfectness in the underlying repeated game and to extend Pareto perfectness to infinite horizon games. When bargaining is costly, renegotiation may be indispensable off the equilibrium path for supporting renegotiation-perfect outcomes. Sufficient conditions for a renegotiation-perfect profile to support payoffs which are not supported by and not dominated by some subgame-perfect profile are developed in the infinite horizon case. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: C70.
A new eukaryotic RNA polymerase factor: a factor from chicken myeloblastosis cells which stimulates transcription of denatured DNA.

Abstract A heat-stable protein factor, capable of stimulating RNA synthesis by nuclear RNA polymerase II, was found in isolated nuclei of chicken myeloblastosis cells. It is adsorbed to a DEAE-Sephadex column used for RNA polymerase purification and then is eluted with 0.1 M ammonium sulfate. This factor appears to differ from previously reported eukaryotic RNA polymerase factors in its property of stimulating the activity of denatured (or single-stranded) DNA template. When heated, this factor contains no detectable endonuclease or exonuclease activity. The degree of stimulation is greater with chicken myeloblastosis RNA polymerase IIb than IIa and is most efficient when homologous DNA is used as template. This factor causes no stimulation of E. coli RNA polymerase.
Cuba Study Abroad: A Pedagogical Tool for Reconstructing American National Identity

In an attempt to meet the goal of internationalizing the curriculum and equipping students for the twenty-first century and beyond, schools have engaged themselves in a myriad of study abroad programs. These programs, in keeping with many of these schools' missions, are intended to encircle students with a more critical global awareness. While study abroad programs are promoted as self-identity discovery tools, through which students can construct new national identities that transcend national borders, this paper, based on interviews conducted with College of Charleston students who studied in Cuba during spring 2007 and 2009 semesters, explores the relationship between the study abroad experience and identity formation. We argue that these encounters not only allow students to interrogate what it means to “be American” beyond the emotional, physical, and intellectual bounds of the United States, but also how their previous conceptions of self and nation can strengthen, not contradict, a global context.
Note on the interfacial tension of phase-separated polymer solutions

Earlier theoretical calculations of the interfacial tension σ of phase-separated polymer solutions as a function of the degree of polymerizationN and the temperatureT, based partly on the mean-field approximation, had led toδ∼N −1/4(1−T/T c )3/2 for fixedN≫1 andT approaching the critical solution temperatureT c It is here remarked that the scaling procedure of de Gennes then modifies this toδ∼N −0.37(1−T/T c )1.26, which is in close accord with the experimentalδ∼N −0.44(1−T/T c )1.26. The simplest mean-field picture yieldsδ∼N −1/2(1−T/T c )3/2.
Critical roles for interferon-gamma producing immune cells during neonatal central nervous system infections (VIR1P.1005)

Viral infections in the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with devastating neurological consequences, particularly in newborns. Despite mounting innate and adaptive immune responses, neonates are often unable to control viruses in the brain and suffer extensive neuronal loss, potentially due to deficits in anti-viral cytokines. To study the response of the neonatal immune system to viral CNS infections, our laboratory uses a transgenic mouse model (NSE-CD46) of neuron-restricted measles virus (MV) infection. NSE-CD46 mice express the human isoform of CD46, a MV receptor, under the control of the neuron specific enolase (NSE) promoter, allowing for infection only in CNS neurons. Adult NSE-CD46 mice clear MV from the CNS in an interferon gamma (IFNγ) and T-cell dependent manner. In contrast, neonatal NSE-CD46 mice succumb, with 100% mortality at 15 days post infection (dpi). Neonatal mice lacking IFNγ (CD46+/IFNγ-KO) succumb more rapidly than NSE-CD46+ neonates (100% mortality, 10 dpi) despite higher T-cell infiltration in the CNS. CD46+/RAG-2-KO neonates, which lack T- and B-cells, show reduced mortality in comparison to other CD46+ genotypes and have lower MV RNA. We hypothesize that MV control in CD46+/RAG2-KO neonates could be provided by IFNγ-producing natural killer (NK) cells. Current experiments aim to define the mechanism of viral control in the CD46+/RAG2-KO neonates. This work will answer critical questions about viral control in the neonatal CNS.
Relationship between circadian oscillations of Rev-erbα expression and intracellular levels of its ligand, heme

The nuclear hormone receptors, REV-ERBalpha [NR1D1] and REV-ERBbeta [NR1D1], were recently demonstrated to be receptors for the porphyrin, heme. Heme regulates the ability of these receptors to repress transcription of their target genes via modulation of the affinity of the receptor's ligand binding domain for the corepressor, NCoR. The REV-ERBs function as critical components of the mammalian clock and their expression oscillates in a circadian manner. Here, we show that in NIH3T3 cells intracellular heme levels also oscillate in a circadian fashion. These data are the first to show the temporal relationship of intracellular heme levels to the expression of its receptor, Rev-erbalpha, and suggest that the rapid oscillations in heme levels may an important component regulating REV-ERB transcriptional activity.
Doing It for the First Time: Sex Sigma™

As the ACGME and ABR have recognized, the future of radiology hinges on effective quality improvement. Yet many residents, program directors, and practicing radiologists have expressed uncertainty and anxiety about how to conduct such initiatives. Because of a lack of prior education and experience, they do not know where to begin. What is a quality improvement project? What methods should it employ? What features distinguish good or successful quality improvement projects from those that fail? In an effort to demystify and clarify these matters, we sought some means of illustrating the philosophy and techniques of quality improvement through a practical application with which many radiologists would be more familiar. Quality improvement, like charity, we suspected, should begin at home. By gaining initial experience, radiologists will be in a position to apply lessons learned in a less intimidating domestic setting to the work environment, armed with greater understanding and confidence. For multiple reasons, we determined that sex provides the best available at-home training opportunity. First, it is an utterly necessary activity, without which the very perpetuation of the species would be in doubt. Second, although we lack hard empirical data, we have reason to believe that many participants are less than enamored of current levels of performance, no doubt because sex has so rarely been subjected to scientific analysis, let alone any systematic quality im-
Poor outcomes with cryoplasty for lower extremity arterial occlusive disease

Objectives Cryoplasty has been proposed as a different therapy to address the problems of recurrent lesions. We reviewed our experience with cryoplasty to determine its outcome treating patients with lesions in native vessels and within stents. Methods A retrospective review of all patients undergoing cryotherapy between 2004 and 2008 was conducted. Patency was defined by at least one of the following criteria: flow through the vessel demonstrated by angiography or duplex ultrasonography, maintenance of an ankle-brachial index (ABI) greater than 0.10 above the preprocedural value, or maintenance of a palpable pedal pulse that was absent before the procedure in an asymptomatic patient. Patency, limb salvage, symptomatic improvement, and freedom from surgical bypass were determined with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and compared by log-rank testing. Multivariate analysis was performed by Cox proportional-hazards regression. Results Eighty-eight cryoplasty procedures were performed in 71 patients, with 35 procedures for in-stent restenosis and 37 for native vessel disease. Sixteen of 88 procedures in grafts were excluded from analysis secondary to combined disease process and/or bypass graft stenosis. Lesions treated with cryoplasty had an average of 2.9 prior endovascular interventions. Eighty-five percent of the lesions were described as complex (multifocal, diffuse, or occlusion) and the mean lesion length was 15 ± 10 cm. Initial cryoplasty technical success rate was 68% (25 of 37) for native vessels and 71% (25 of 35) for in-stent procedures. One year primary patency for the native vs stent group was 17% vs 28%, respectively ( P = .18). The 1-year primary assisted patency for the native vs stent group was 28% vs 47%, respectively ( P = .33). The 1-year secondary patency for the native vs stent group was 41% vs 57% ( P = .42), respectively. Freedom from claudication at 1 year for the native vs stent group was 32% vs 21% ( P = .80). Compared to balloon angioplasty, cryoplasty has an averaged up-cost of $1851.50 per procedure. Conclusion Cryoplasty was used in patients with extensive disease and multiple prior interventions. Cryoplasty provided poor patency rates and poor relief from claudication at 1 year in this population. Overall, cryoplasty seems to be an expensive endovascular tool with marginal clinical improvement in our experience.
MicrobeDB: a locally maintainable database of microbial genomic sequences

Summary: Analysis of microbial genomes often requires the general organization and comparison of tens to thousands of genomes both from public repositories and unpublished sources. MicrobeDB provides a foundation for such projects by the automation of downloading published, completed bacterial and archaeal genomes from key sources, parsing annotations of all genomes (both public and private) into a local database, and allowing interaction with the database through an easy to use programming interface. MicrobeDB creates a simple to use, easy to maintain, centralized local resource for various large-scale comparative genomic analyses and a back-end for future microbial application design. Availability: MicrobeDB is freely available under the GNU-GPL at: http://github.com/mlangill/microbedb/ Contact: moc.liamg@ellignal.i.g.nagrom
Anatomy of the Microvasculature of the Tibial Diaphysis of the Adult Dog

The microvasculature in the cortex and marrow of the adult canine tibial diaphysis was filled with the silicone elastomer Microfil, the bone was decalcified, and the water was replaced with methylsalicylate to permit three-dimensional visualization of the microvascular arrangements. The tibial nutrient artery was seen to supply the marrow and the cortex via parallel, independent sets of arterioles and terminal capillary beds. No arteriolar or capillary anastomoses were observed linking these separate beds. The major portion of the venous drainage was found to be via small venules through the cortex into periosteal veins. Many small venules draining the medullary capillaries penetrated the cortex, and there were a few larger emissary veins, including the nutrient vein. Because the marrow and cortex have separate capillary beds in parallel, microsphere deposition should be appropriate for estimating the regional blood flows. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results of this study should be of concern to surgeons who perform whole diaphyseal bone replacements, as the effluent venous vessels are important in re-establishing the circulation by microsurgical methods.
Growth of equiaxed dendritic crystals settling in an undercooled melt, Part 2: Internal solid fraction

Experiments are conducted to measure the internal solid fraction evolution of equiaxed dendritic crystals that are freely growing and settling in an undercooled melt using the transparent model alloy succinonitrile–acetone. The internal solid fraction is determined from the measured settling speed and crystal envelope shape and size. Depending on the melt undercooling and acetone concentration, the internal solid fraction is found to vary between 0.55 and 0.1. In all experiments, the internal solid fraction decreases continually during settling. Based on heat and solute balances, a model is developed for predicting the internal solid fraction evolution under convective conditions. Nusselt and Sherwood number correlations are obtained that allow for the calculation of the thermal and solutal boundary layer thicknesses at the crystal envelope. The measured and predicted internal solid fraction evolutions are found to be in good agreement.
The Color of Memory : Reading Race with Ralph Ellison

In this article, I am concerned with the relationship between the visibility of race as color, the memory of injustice, and American identity. The visibility of color would seem to make it a daily ...
Gender Differences in Amino Acid Use during Endurance Exercise

There are gender differences in the substrate used to fuel prolonged physical activity. Males rely on carbohydrate and amino acids (97%), while females use predominantly fat (62%) to fuel endurance exercise. This review looks at the mechanisms that regulate these gender differences, with a focus on amino acid metabolism. Gender-selective nutritional recommendations are indicated for physically active individuals and some cardiac patients who engage in intense aerobic activity.
High-Rate Analysis of Systematic Lossy Error Protection of a Predictively Encoded Source

We consider a first-order Markov source, which is predictively encoded using a DPCM-style encoder. The quantized compressed prediction residual is transmitted over an erasure channel. Additionally, a Wyner-Ziv encoded version of the prediction residual is transmitted in order to provide error resilience. When the symbols from the first transmission are erased by the channel, this second description is decoded, and limits the maximum distortion that can occur. Since the quantization step size used in the second description is, in general, larger than that used in the main transmission, error protection is lossy. Using high-rate quantization theory, we derive expressions for the rate and the end-to-end distortion incurred by this system. We show that, compared to conventional lossless forward error correction, this lossy error protection scheme is robust in the sense that it allows the received signal quality to degrade gracefully when the erasure probability increases
WAS CHINA’S RATE OF POVERTY REDUCTION EVEN FASTER THANROUTINELY ASSUMED?ACCOUNTING FOR THE EFFECTS OF MIGRATION

Migration is recognized as a key mechanism of resource transfer and poverty reduction globally and in China. The way in which statistics are computed implies that, even after accounting for remittance inflows, migrant households’ welfare remains significantly below that of non-migrants. To explore whether this may be a result of data processing methodology, we use panel data from 8 provinces to compute alternative measures. Results suggest that adjusting for migrants’ absence increases per capita income and expenditure for migrant households (then estimated to be better off than non-migrants) and a significant reduction in poverty level. Implications for poverty estimates in China and elsewhere are explored.
An improvement in the Flory corresponding-states theory of polymer solutions

The original Flory corresponding-states theory of polymer solutions requires an entropic correction parameter Q12, the sign and value of which seem to be arbitrary, and the physical meaning of which is obscure. Moreover, calculated excess volumes of mixing for many polymer solutions are often in significant disagreement with experimental data. In order to eliminate these problems, we have modified the kinetic part of the partition function, introduced an effective mass for the mixture segment, and adopted the nonlinearity of the number of degrees of freedom with respect to the composition for the mixture segment. In addition, the effect of nonrandom configurations of the segments in the mixture has been included. In the improved equations, derived in this work, the Flory interaction parameter χ can be considered to comprise three parts: (a) a kinetic part due to the contribution of the average number of degrees of freedom and the effective mass of the mixture; (b) a free volume part; and (c) an interaction part including the contributions due to the contact interaction and the nonrandom configuration of the segments in the mixture, caused by the interaction. The improved theory is in good agreement with literature data on polystyrene solutions and poly (dimethyl siloxane) solutions.
In situ transmission electron microscope study of interface sliding and migration in an ultrafine lamellar structure

The instability of interfaces in an ultrafine TiAl-(γ)/Ti3Al-(α2) lamellar structure by straining at room temperature has been investigated using in situ straining techniques performed in a transmission electron microscope. The purpose of this study was to obtain experimental evidence to support the creep mechanisms based upon the interface sliding in association with a cooperative movement of interfacial dislocations, which was proposed previously to rationalize a nearly linear creep behavior of ultrafine lamellar TiAl alloys. The results reveal that the sliding and migration of lamellar interfaces can take place simultaneously as a result of the cooperative movement of interfacial dislocations, which can lead to an adverse effect in the performance of ultrafine lamellar TiAl alloy.
Annual rainfall and runoff in New England

This paper presents the results of studies of average rainfall and runoff, developed in the Office of the Division Engineer, New England Division, United States Corps of Engineers, in cooperation with the District Engineer, United States Geological Survey, and prepared in connection with flood-control studies of the Connecticut and Merrimack River basins.
Evaluation of irradiance metrics with respect to predicting sapling growth

Accurate and efficient measurement of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is critical in ecological studies. We evaluated 25 metrics of PAR with respect to predicting growth of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) saplings from understory to large gap conditions. PAR metrics were derived from gallium arsenide photodiodes, hemispherical canopy photographs (film and digital), and a LI-COR LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer. In general, percent canopy openness, estimated with film photographs or LAI-2000, best predicted growth. Mean daily photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) from photodiodes ranked intermediate; direct beam radiation (from digital and film photographs) was among the poorest growth predictors. Metrics that integrate direct radiation may be relatively poor predictors of growth, because sunflecks were above PPFD levels at which photosynthesis saturates but fully contributed to the calculation of mean daily PPFD. Mean daily PPFD based on truncated sunf...
Surface roughness and effective stick-slip motion

The effect of random surface roughness on hydrodynamics of viscous incompressible liquid is discussed. When the hydrodynamic decay length (the viscous wave penetration depth) is larger than the correlation radius (size) of random surface inhomogeneities, it is possible to replace a random rough surface by effective stick-slip boundary conditions on a flat surface with two constants: the stick-slip length and the renormalization of viscosity near the boundary. The stick-slip length and the renormalization coefficient are expressed explicitly via the correlation function of random surface inhomogeneities. The stick-slip length is always negative and the effective change of viscosity near the surface is positive signifying the effective average hampering of the hydrodynamic flows by the rough surface (stick rather than slip motion). A simple hydrodynamic model illustrates general hydrodynamic results. The effective boundary parameters are analyzed numerically for Gaussian, power-law and exponentially decaying correlators with various indices. The maximum on the frequency dependence of the dissipation allows one to extract the correlation radius (characteristic size) of the surface inhomogeneities directly from, for example, experiments with torsional quartz oscillators.
Grain growth kinetics in liquid-phase-sintered zinc oxide-barium oxide ceramics

Grain growth of ZnO in the presence of a liquid phase of the ZnO-BaO system has been studied for temperatures from 1300 to 1400 C. The specimens were treated in boiling water and the grains were separated by dissolving the matrix phase in an ultrasonic bath. As a consequence 3D grain size measurements were possible. Microstructural examination shows some grain coalescence with a wide range of neck size ratios and corresponding dihedral angles, however, most grains are isolated. Lognormal grain size distributions show similar shapes, indicating that the growth mechanism is invariant over this time and temperature. All regressions between G exp n and time for n = 2 and 3 proved statistically significant. The rate constants calculated with the growth exponent set to n = 3 are on the same order of magnitude as in metallic systems. The apparent activation energy for growth is estimated between 355 and 458 kJ/mol.
Assessing and adapting Drupal content management system as a digital library application

DSpace (http://www.dspace.org/) and Greenstone (http://www.greenstone.org/) are the two leading digital library software applications. While these applications are wildly adopted they are not flexible enough to provide more robust interactivity. Web2.0 technologies are not explicitly changing how individuals interact with information. The changes we see are related to what this class of technologies are enabling. I believe, and this poster will show that coupled with digital libraries, this class of technologies stimulates knowledge creation. CANDDIL is a work in progress that has been designed and developed to illustrate my argument. In this paper I present the findings from an assessment and initial adaptation of Drupal, an open source content management system for the purposes of serving as a digital library. This report presents the current state of CANDDiL and its potential for advancing digital library research.
Extracellular serotonin levels change with behavioral state but not with pyrogen-induced hyperthermia

Extracellular 5-HT in the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area (AH/POA) and caudate nucleus of the freely moving cat was measured using in vivo brain microdialysis. Administration of 8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist that decreases 5-HT neuronal activity, decreased extracellular 5-HT in both brain areas. Extracellular 5-HT levels were also examined in relationship to the sleep-wake cycle, because previous data from our laboratory have indicated that behavioral state is the primary determinant of 5-HT neuronal discharge. As with 5-HT neuronal discharge, extracellular 5-HT was increased during active behavioral states and decreased during somnolent periods. These first two sets of findings confirm the ability of the microdialysis technique to measure physiological fluctuations in extracellular 5-HT levels and support the hypothesis that neuronal discharge is a major determinant of extracellular 5-HT levels. Levels of the 5-HT metabolite 5- hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in the AH/POA were also responsive to changes in behavioral state and administration of 8-OH-DPAT, though fluctuations in extracellular 5-HIAA were less robust and temporally delayed. Finally, extracellular 5-HT and 5-HIAA were examined in the AH/POA during fever induced by systemic injection of the synthetic pyrogen muramyl dipeptide. Previous data from our laboratory have indicated that 5-HT neuronal activity is unaffected by this manipulation, though 5-HT has been implicated specifically in thermoregulation. Pyrogen-induced hypothermia produced no specific change in 5-HT efflux, because any changes noted could be accounted for by behavioral state changes. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the brain serotonergic system is closely linked to the sleep-wake-arousal cycle. However, extracellular 5-HT may be involved in thermoregulatory processes as part of a global role in modulating neuronal activity in coordination with the behavioral state of the animal.
Immunocytochemical localization of the dopamine transporter in human brain.

The dopamine transporter (DAT) was localized in normal human brain tissue by light microscopic immunocytochemistry by using highly specific monoclonal antibodies. Regional distribution of DAT was found in areas with established dopaminergic circuitry, e.g., mesostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesocortical pathways. Mesencephalic DAT-immunoreactivity was enriched in the dendrites and cell bodies of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area. Staining in the striatum and nucleus accumbens was dense and heterogeneous. Mesocortical DAT immunoreactivity in motor, premotor, anterior cingulate, prefrontal, entorhinal/perirhinal, insular, and visual cortices was detected in scattered varicose and a few nonvaricose fibers. Varicose fibers were relatively enriched in the basolateral and central subnuclei of amygdala, with sparser fibers in lateral and basomedial subnuclei. Double-labeling studies combining DAT and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining in the ventral mesencephalon showed two subpopulations of dopaminergic neurons differentiated by the presence or absence of DAT-immunoreactivity in the A9 and A10 cell groups. In other dopaminergic cell groups (All, A13-A15), TH-positive hypothalamic neurons showed no detectable DAT-immunoreactivity. However, fine DAT-immunoreactive axons were scattered throughout the hypothalamus, particularly concentrated along the medial border, with more coarse axons present along the lateral border. These findings demonstrate that most mesotelencephalic dopamine neurons of human brain express high levels of DAT throughout their entire somatodendritic and axonal domains, whereas a smaller subpopulation of mesencephalic dopamine cells and all hypothalamic dopamine cell groups examined express little or no DAT. These data indicate that different subpopulations of dopaminergic neurons use different mechanisms to regulate their extracellular dopamine levels.
Effect of Anticellular Serum on the Attachment of Enteroviruses to HeLa Cells

Anticellular serum (ACS), in the absence of an active complement system, was shown to inhibit the attachment of poliovirus types 1 and 2, echovirus type 6, and coxsackievirus types A13, B1, and B3 to viral receptors of live HeLa cells. This is the first report to provide evidence that ACS has an inhibitory effect on the interaction between host cells and coxsackieviruses of group B. The titer of inhibitory activity of ACS varied inversely with the cell concentration used, the reaction being virtually completed after an incubation period of 30 min at 37 C. The inhibitory activity of ACS persisted for more than 4 hr at 37 C, and was shown to be reversible at pH 2.0, revealing that although the receptors for attaching virus were inactivated by ACS the inactivation was not permanent. These findings are consistent with the concept that antibodies in the ACS combine with and blockade viral receptors located at the cell surface. An antiserum with a specificity for inhibiting attachment of coxsackievirus B1 was obtained by dual absorption of ACS with cells saturated with coxsackievirus type B3 and chymotrypsin-treated cells. These findings offer an approach whereby the antigenic relationship of viral receptors to other constituents of the cell surface can be studied.
Cardiovascular effects of serotonin in the nucleus of the solitary tract

The cardiovascular regulatory role of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] in the solitary tract nucleus (NTS) was investigated in urethan-anesthetized Wistar rats. Unilateral microinjection of 5-HT (5 nmol in 50 nl) into the NTS evoked depressions of both arterial pressure (-20 +/- 1 mmHg) and heart rate (-43 +/- 6 beats/min). Induction of bradycardia and hypotension was repeatable and consistently obtained with injections into the NTS but not into neighboring structures. Microinjection of the nonselective 5-HT receptor antagonist methiothepin or the 5-HT1A/5-HT1B antagonist pindolol prevented any cardiovascular change by subsequent microinjection of 5-HT into the NTS. In contrast, microinjection of the 5-HT2-selective antagonist ketanserin or the 5-HT1A antagonist spiroxatrine had no effect on the subsequent effects of 5-HT. Bilateral vagal denervation prevented the bradycardia induced by 5-HT, whereas the vasodepression remained intact. These data provide evidence that 5-HT in the NTS evokes vagal chronotropic cardioinhibition and sympathetic withdrawal and suggest that this action is mediated by 5-HT1 serotonergic receptors, possibly of the 5-HT1B subtype.
Recycled HDPE reinforced with sol–gel silica modified wood sawdust

Abstract The goal of the work was improvement of mechanical and tribological properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) while finding use for wood sawdust (wood flour). Two chemical modification methods have been used for wood sawdust treatment to improve compatibility between the HDPE matrix and wood sawdust. Traditional silane coupling was used as a first approach to modify the sawdust by 3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (3MPS) and thereby forming C O Si bonds. As a second method, we decided to combine sol–gel process with 3MPS treatment to form Si O Si and C O Si linkages. Silica nanoparticles are filling wood fiber cells and silica rods formation is seen; as a result, thermal expansivity decreases. As expected, the enthalpy of fusion and the degree of crystallinity go down with increasing filler concentration. Tensile modulus goes up as result of filler loading while the tensile strain at break goes down. As the result, brittleness B goes up somewhat, but overall the values of B are quite low. With one exception, residual depth in scratch resistance testing decreases as a consequence of introduction of the fillers. Addition of unmodified wood results in increasing dynamic friction, chemical modification of wood particles results in lowering friction. Combination of focused ion beam milling with scanning electron microscopy shows clearly positive effects of modification on adhesion between the phases.
The 1990 Farm Bill and the Uruguay Round

When former Secretary of Agriculture Clayton Yeutter accepted the position, two clear priorities for his term were evident. The first, domestic, priority was to move as far as possible in the direction of a safety-net program for farm income suport in the 1990 farm bill. The second, trade-related, priority was to put together an acceptable package in the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, in which agriculture would play a central role. This short paper reviews the progress of both of these efforts to date, and assesses the impacts of this progress on the commodity composition, income, and asset values of American agriculture. This assessment is qualitative. The detailed numerical estimation of these effects is left to
Intradural extramedullary capillary hemangioma of the cauda equina: Case report and literature review.

Background Capillary hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that rarely occur in the neuraxis. When encountered in the spine, prompt diagnosis and complete resection is crucial. On rare instances, these lesions can acutely hemorrhage, leading to sudden neurological decline. To date, there are only 16 reported cases of intradural capillary hemangiomas in the cauda equina. Case description We report a case of an intradural extramedullary cauda equina capillary hemangioma that resulted in back pain and lower extremity motor deficit. Initial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a bilobular intradural L3-4 cauda equina lesion. The lesion was isointense on T1-weighted imaging, mildly hyperintense on T2-weighted images and avidly enhancing after gadolinium administration. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of capillary hemangioma. Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment of this patient resulted in complete resection of the tumor and return of lower extremity motor function. Capillary hemangiomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cauda equina lesions. En bloc resection of these lesions is the mainstay of treatment.
Dynamic delta wing pitch-up control via apex flaps

An experimental investigation is reported for the flow over a 75° sweep angle delta wing undergoing a ramp-like pitch-up motion from a 20° angle of attack to a 50°angle of attack at a reduced frequencies of 0.0053, 0.0144, and 0.011 and a Reynolds numbers of 532,000 and 1.0 x 10". During the pitch-up motion, a 15° flapangle apex flap was deployed. The time history of the surface pressure distribution on two cross flow planes was obtained for different deployment times of the apex flap. An analysis of the surface pressure distribution revealed that apex flap deployment had a promising effect on the surface pressure distribution if the flap was deployed before vortex breakdown had moved over the wing. This effect was maximal if the flap was deployed early in the pitch-up motion. Changes in the surface pressure coefficient as high as 15% were observed. The deployment of the flap was shown to increase its effect on the flowfield over the effect of having the flap continuously deployed during the motion. Also, evidence that a reduced frequency for the flap motion must be added to the set of important non-dimensional parameters is presented.
Detrending on Steroids… MSF Characterization via Freeform Polynomials

Robust algorithms associated with the orthogonal polynomials used for specifying freeform shapes enable novel characterizations of mid-spatial frequency structure. This observation suggests tools that seem well matched to applications in the precision optics domain.
Formation and Characterization of the Uranyl–SO2 Complex, UO2(CH3SO2)(SO2)−

The uranyl-SO(2) adduct, UO(2)(CH(3)SO(2))(SO(2))(-), was prepared and characterized by mass spectrometric studies as well as by density functional theory. Collision induced dissociation of UO(2)(CH(3)SO(2))(2)(-) in an ion trap resulted in the formation of UO(2)(CH(3)SO(2))(SO(2))(-), which spontaneously reacted with O(2) to give UO(2)(CH(3)SO(2))(O(2))(-), with SO(2) released. The UO(2)(CH(3)SO(2))(SO(2))(-) complex is computed to have a triplet ground state at the B3LYP level, and the SO(2) ligand is coordinated to uranium through two oxygen atoms, similar to the coordination mode of SO(2) in its complexes with hard metals. On the basis of the calculated geometric parameters and vibrational frequencies of the SO(2) ligand, the UO(2)(CH(3)SO(2))(SO(2))(-) complex can be considered as a U(V)O(2)(+) cation coordinated by SO(2)(-) and CH(3)SO(2)(-) anions. The UO(2)(CH(3)SO(2))(O(2))(-) complex is computed to have a peroxo ligand, suggesting that U(V) in UO(2)(CH(3)SO(2))(SO(2))(-) is oxidized to the U(VI) state upon O(2) substitution for SO(2).
The Research of Real-time Diagnosis in CODOG Power System Based on Expert System

In this paper,a method of real time diagnosis was discussed by using expert system CLIPS and Visual Basic. Through advanced Language. application program and expert knowledge base were developed, and by transferring CLIPS dynamic link library. the real time fault diagnosis for CODOG power system was accomplished.
Detection of Harmonics and Inter-Harmonics Based on Improved Single Channel FastICA

In allusion to the detection of harmonic pollution in power systems and the difficulty in inter-harmonic detection, a harmonic detection algorithm based on single channel independent component analysis(ICA) is proposed. With no need for any a priori knowledge, through cycle-spinning of single-channel hybrid signal of power system a multi-channel signal is formed; then by use of principal component analysis the dimensionality of obtained multi-channel signal is reduced; and then the harmonic and inter-harmonic components are separated by FastICA, and based on the frequency spectrum of each component the clustering is performed by K-means algorithm and restored to the observation domain for averaging of congeneric signal to achieve harmonic components; finally the parameters of each harmonic component are estimated. On this basis, to resolve the distortion in the signal separated by FastICA, an improved FastICA algorithm is proposed to improve the stability and validity of component estimation. Simulation results show that as long as the harmonic components are rationally separated in spectrum, harmonic and inter-harmonic components can be extracted by the proposed algorithm. Meanwhile, the improved FastICA algorithm is more stable, effective and accurate.
Evaluation of Control Effect on Occupational Hazards in a Construction Project of Coiled Tubing Production Line

[Objective] To evaluate the control effect of occupational hazards in a construction project of coiled tubing production line,provide the basis for acceptance of construction project by health administration.[Methods]With field occupational investigation and detection of occupational hazard factors,the quantitative analysis method was adopted to evaluate.[Results]In this construction project,the location and general layout,production equipment layout,protective measures for occupational disease,individual protective articles,auxiliary room and occupational health management conformed to related national regulation. The main occupational hazard factors produced in production process included metal dust,weld dust,grinding wheel dust,carbon monoxide,nitrogen oxides,occupational noise,ionizing radiation (X radiation),power frequency electric field,high frequency electric field,high temperature and vibration. Except noise intensity of several operation points over standard,the detection results of majority of operation points met the national standard.[Conclusion]The control measures of occupational hazards in this project are effective and feasible.
Effects of insulin and dexamethasone on lipoprotein lipase in human adipose tissue

The mechanisms by which insulin and glucocorticoids modulate lipoprotein lipase (LPL) synthesis and degradation were examined in human adipose tissue fragments maintained in organ culture. Tissue fragments were cultured for 7 days in serum-free medium supplemented with or without insulin (7 nM) and with or without dexamethasone (30 nM), a synthetic glucocorticoid. Responses of LPL activity to both insulin and dexamethasone were obtained at doses within the physiological range. At a maximal dose, insulin increased heparin-releasable and total LPL activity (approximately 7-fold) by specifically increasing the rate of LPL synthesis (approximately 5-fold) determined by pulse labeling with [35S]methionine and [35S]cysteine and immunoprecipitation. Dexamethasone added in the presence of insulin increased heparin-releasable and total LPL activity approximately 8-fold but did not alter rates of LPL synthesis compared with insulin alone. Pulse-chase studies showed that the rate of LPL degradation was markedly slowed in the presence of dexamethasone plus insulin compared with insulin alone. These data suggest that, in human adipose tissue, insulin is essential for maintaining rates of LPL synthesis and that cortisol may play a key role in regulating human adipose tissue LPL at the posttranslational level by inhibiting the degradation of newly synthesized LPL.
Numerical approximations of Riemann solutions to multiphase flows used in petroleum engineering

We study two one-dimensional systems of hyperbolic conservation laws that are used to model the multiphase flow in the process of secondary oil recovery. We compute approximate solutions for several examples using a spacetime discontinuous Galerkin (SDG) method based on causal spacetime triangulations and a piecewise constant Galerkin basis. Even though convergence of the SDG method was shown only in the case of strictly hyperbolic genuinely nonlinear Temple class systems, numerical solutions presented in this paper show that the SDG method could be effectively used for approximating solutions to more general problems.
Effect of high extracellular K+ on Na-K-ATPase in cultured canine kidney cells

The Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line was used to evaluate the influence of high extracellular K+, independent of hormonal effects, on renal Na-K-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity and abundance. Confluent cell monolayers were incubated in control (5 mM) or high K+ (7.5 mM) medium for 24 h. Exposure to high K+ elicited a 46% rise in Na-K-ATPase activity and a 55% increase in ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake. Na-K-ATPase abundance, estimated from the number of ouabain-binding sites, also increased 63% over control in cells exposed to 7.5 mM K+, and as a consequence there was no statistically significant change in the catalytic turnover number. Northern blot analysis using rat cDNA probes for the alpha 1- and beta-subunits showed no corresponding changes in subunit-specific mRNA abundances at 24 h. We conclude that chronic exposure to high extracellular K+ produces a rise in renal epithelial Na-K-ATPase activity and active K+ transport, independent of changes in aldosterone, renal blood flow, or extracellular Na+ concentration. This effect is due to an increase in enzyme abundance rather than a change in catalytic turnover rate. The results of Northern analysis suggest that regulation of Na-K-ATPase activity and abundance by high K+ may involve translational or posttranslational mechanisms, but further study with cDNA probes of canine origin is needed to resolve this issue.
Rayleigh Scattering Measurements of Heating and Gas Perturbations Accompanying Femtosecond Laser Tagging

Planar Rayleigh scattering and Rayleigh scattering polarimetry are applied toward measurements of molecular dissociation, thermometry, and the visualization of fluid dynamics in the afterglow of a femtosecond laser plasma under conditions relevant to the femtosecond laser tagging diagnostic. The generation of shock waves and a high-temperature region are observed, with a corresponding temperature increase of 280±40 K (320 μJ, N2) and 860±160 K (780 μJ, N2) produced with a 175 mm focusing lens. The spatial profile of the temperature rise along the beam is found to scale linearly with the optical emission intensity. The transverse width of the emission region is also observed to correlate with increased temperature. Rayleigh polarimetry measurements show a high dissociation fraction of up to 0.46±0.04 (780 μJ, N2). Modeling of three-body recombination into the N2(B3Πg,v′) state using the measured dissociation fraction is able to reproduce the emission intensity time history between 1 and 50 μs. Local ...