cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Agent-Based Model of Cellular Dynamics and Circadian Variability in Human Endotoxemia

As cellular variability and circadian rhythmicity play critical roles in immune and inflammatory responses, we present in this study an agent-based model of human endotoxemia to examine the interplay between circadian controls, cellular variability and stochastic dynamics of inflammatory cytokines. The model is qualitatively validated by its ability to reproduce circadian dynamics of inflammatory mediators and critical inflammatory responses after endotoxin administration in vivo. Novel computational concepts are proposed to characterize the cellular variability and synchronization of inflammatory cytokines in a population of heterogeneous leukocytes. Our results suggest that there is a decrease in cell-to-cell variability of inflammatory cytokines while their synchronization is increased after endotoxin challenge. Model parameters that are responsible for IκB production stimulated by NFκB activation and for the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines have large impacts on system behaviors. Additionally, examining time-dependent systemic responses revealed that the system is least vulnerable to endotoxin in the early morning and most vulnerable around midnight. Although much remains to be explored, proposed computational concepts and the model we have pioneered will provide important insights for future investigations and extensions, especially for single-cell studies to discover how cellular variability contributes to clinical implications.
Improving Interpretation of the Decay Index for DNA Sequence Data

WILEY, E. O. 1981. Phylogenetics. The theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics. John Wiley & Sons, New York. WILLIAMS, A., S. J. CARLSON, C. H. C. BRUNTON, L. E. HOLMER, AND L. POPOV. 1996. A supra-ordinal classification of the Brachiopoda. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B 351:1171-1193. WILLS, M. A. 1998. Cambrian and Recent disparity: The picture from priapulids. Paleobiology 24:177-199. ILEY, E. O. 198 . Phylogenetics. The theory and pracice of phylogenetic systematics. John Wiley & Sons, YEATES, D. K. 1995. Groundplans and exemplars-Paths to the tree of life. Cladistics 11:343-357.
Regression weights as a function of test length

A battery of pencil-and-paper tests is commonly used for predicting a single criterion. If the score on each test is the number of correct answers, the composite battery score would normally be the sum of the weighted test scores, where the weights are the raw score regression weights. Knowing the reliability of each test, it is possible to alter the lengths of the tests in a manner such that the weights will all be equal. The composite battery score would then simply be the total number of items answered correctly and scoring would be greatly simplified. Such simplification is particularly desirable where the volume of testing is large. Section I of the article outlines the procedure for altering the lengths of the tests, and Section II gives a proof of the method.
Frequency Measurements of 3 to 11 THz Laser Lines of CH3OH

We measured the frequencies of 12 far-infrared laser lines generated in a high- frequency Fabry-Perot laser cavity containing methanol, pumped by a CO2 laser. The frequencies are in the range 2.8 to 11.4 THz (105.4 to 26.2 µm). Ten of the measured frequencies are higher than 7 THz, and help to fill the laser frequency gaps in this region. Five of the measured lines are new. The 11.4 THz line has the highest frequency of an optically pumped laser ever measured with the CO2 laser heterodyne technique.
The Effects of a Combined Task Clarification, Goal Setting, Feedback, and Performance Contingent Consequence Intervention Package on Telephone Customer Service in a Medical Clinic Environment

Abstract Appointment coordinators at a mid-western medical clinic were to provide exceptional telephone customer service. This included using a standard greeting, speaking in an appropriate tone of voice during the conversation, and using a standard closing to end the call. An analysis suggested performance deficiencies resulted from weak antecedents, poor knowledge and skills, and weak performance contingencies. An intervention package consisting of task clarification, goal setting, feedback, and performance contingent consequences was designed to improve customer service behaviors of four participating appointment coordinators. An ABAB reversal design was used, and overall performances of all four participants increased during intervention phases. This study indicates that a multi-component intervention may be an effective strategy to increase telephone customer service behavior in medical clinic settings.
Stratified Semigeostrophic Flow over Two-Dimensional Topography in an Unbounded Atmosphere

Abstract We obtain simple closed-form expressions describing stratified, rotating flow over an infinite ridge in the semigeostrophic regime. The results are used to discuss the degree to which air parcels slow down as they approach a steep mountain. The critical Burger number for the appearance of infinite velocities at the mountain crest is calculated for several mountain profiles. 1t is shown that for Gaussian and bell-shaped mountains the breakdown occurs in a range in which the upstream deceleration is not pronounced.
Chronic dDAVP infusion in rats decreases the expression of P2Y2 receptor in inner medulla and P2Y2 receptor-mediated PGE2 release by IMCD.

Activation of P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2-R) in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) of rat decreases AVP-induced water flow and releases PGE2. We observed that dehydration of rats decreases the expressi...
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 93

Abstract Abstract: Nuclear structure data pertaining to all nuclei with mass number Au93 have been complied and evaluated and incorporated into the ENSDP data file. General Policies and Organization of Material: See the January issue of Nuclear Data Sheets. General Comments: This publication for A=93 supercedes the previous (full) publication Ch. Sievers, Nuclear Data Sheets 54, 99 (1988)) and the subsequent update (C. Baglin, Nuclear Data Sheets 70, 1 (1993)). It includes all literature available prior to November 1, 1996. Cutoff Date: This evaluation includes all data available prior to November 1, 1996. Acknowledgments: The advice and assistance received from B. Singh (McMaster University), who reviewed the material added to the A=93 mass chain since its 1993 revision, are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also wishes to thank R. Helmer for provision and helpful discussion of the prepublication data contained in references 96GrZZ and 96GrZY. Throughout this evaluation, the energy adopted for a level exited only in reactions in which γ rays have not been measured is the weighted average of all energies which can be associated uniquely with that level. Uncertainties in absolute γ ray intensities have been calculated using the method of Browne (86Br2I), where relevant. Adopted E γ and I γ data for which the source is not specified are weighted averages of all the available data.
Sensitive method for the quantitative determination of gemfibrozil in dog plasma by liquid-liquid cartridge extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A sensitive LC–MS/MS assay for the quantitative determination of gemfibrozil in dog plasma has been developed and validated and is described in this work. The assay involved the extraction of the analyte from 0.5-ml aliquots of dog plasma using Chem Elut cartridges and methyl tert.-butyl ether (MTBE). Chromatography was performed on a Metasil Basic column (50×2 mm I.D., 3 μm) using a mobile phase that consisted of 70:30 acetonitrile–ammonium acetate (1 mM, pH 5.0) with a flow-rate of 0.2 ml min−1. The method showed excellent reproducibility with an inter- and intra-assay precision of <8.9% (%RSD), as well as excellent accuracy with an inter- and intra-assay accuracy between 99 and 101%. This method has a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 1.0 ng ml−1 with a linear calibration range from 1.0 to 250 ng ml−1. This new assay offers higher sensitivity and a much shorter run time over earlier methods.
Theoretical models of polar-cap convection under the influence of a northward interplanetary magnetic field

The unexpected patterns of high-latitude auroral luminosity and ionospheric convection that are observed when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has a northward orientation have inspired a variety of theoretical interpretations. The existing models, all referring to steady-state conditions, can be classified according to the topology of the polar magnetic field lines and of the polar-cap convection streamlines. The classes of model include: (1) a closed magnetosphere model, (2) a conventional open model with a distorted, but topologically unchanged, polar-cap boundary, (3) a conventional open model with distorted, but topologically unchanged, polar-cap convection cells, (4) a modified open model with 'lobe convection cells' contained wholly on open magnetic-field lines, and (5) a modified open model with a bifurcated polar cap. The third and fourth types require significant regions of sunward flow on open polar-cap field lines, a concept that presents serious theoretical difficulties. The other three types appear equally viable from a theoretical point of view, and the comparison against observations is an ongoing enterprise. Outstanding theoretical questions include (a) how do observed structures in the polar ionosphere map along magnetic field lines into the magnetosphere?, (b) what is the mechanism that drives the observed sunward convection at highest latitudes on the day side?, and (c) what role does time dependence play in the observed phenomena?
Classes of time-dependent measures and the behavior of Feynman-Kac propagators

Abstract The Feynman–Kac propagators, corresponding to the forward and backward heat equations with a time-dependent measure as a potential are studied. Various generalizations of the Kato class of potentials are considered. Under appropriate conditions on the potential, the solvability and uniqueness theorems for the heat equation with a potential are obtained, and the mapping properties of the Feynman–Kac propagators are discussed. To cite this article: A. Gulisashvili, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 334 (2002) 445–449.
Echocardiographic indices of diastolic function relate to functional capacity and quality of life in ambulatory men with atrial fibrillation.

Objective We sought to explore the reliability of echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function and determine their relationship with functional capacity (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class and 6-minute walk test [6MWT]) and the domains of a health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) questionnaire (Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey) in a cohort of ambulatory patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods Forty-eight male veterans with persistent or permanent AF underwent clinical examination, echocardiography, and 6MWT, and filled out a Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey questionnaire at two visits 1 week apart. Pairwise correlation was performed to evaluate the reliability of echocardiographic parameters and multiple regression analyses to assess the association of these parameters with functional capacity and HR-QOL. Results E/e' average had the highest correlation between the two visits (coefficient: 0.87) and had a significant relationship with NYHA, 6MWT, and physical functioning domain of HR-QOL even after adjusting for confounding variables (odds of NYHA >1: OR 1.5, 95% CI, 1.2–1.9; 6MWT coefficient: −31 ± 9 ft; physical functioning score coefficient: −1.7 ± 0.7). Conclusion Average E/e' is a reliable diastolic function parameter that also independently relates with functional capacity and HR-QOL in ambulatory patients with atrial fibrillation.
The Synthesis of Beta-Peptides Containing Guanidino Groups

The synthesis of the beta-peptide 1 by the postsynthetic modification of the corresponding amino-containing peptide 3 is described. The potential of 1 to act as a template for the ligation of complementary negatively-charged peptides is discussed.
A prospective randomized study of cerebrospinal fluid drainage to prevent paraplegia after high-risk surgery on the thoracoabdominal aorta

This article is concerned with the study of the effect of several variables, principally that of cerebrospinal fluid drainage, on the incidence of neurologic deficit in a prospective randomized series of patients with extensive aneurysms of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta (thoracoabdominal type I and II). Forty-six patients had cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and 52 were controls, with a total of 98 available for study. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure was continuously monitored in the former group and pressure maintained less than or equal to 10 mm Hg in 20, less than or equal to 15 mm Hg in 20, and greater than 15 mm Hg in 6 patients during period of aortic clamping. The method of treatment including reattachment of intercostal and lumbar arteries (p = 0.2), temporary atriofemoral bypass during aortic occlusion (p = 0.3), and spinal fluid drainage (p = 0.8) were not statistically significant in reducing the incidence of neurologic deficits. Thus cerebrospinal fluid drainage as we used it, was not beneficial in preventing paraplegia. On appropriate statistical analysis we found that the only significant predictor of delayed deficits was postoperative hypotension (p = 0.006).
“I'll Take What I Can Get”: Identity Development in the Case of a Stepfather

Stepfathers face a number of challenges related to their role, not least of which is their own identity as a father and stepfather. This article examines the development of the stepfather identity in the life of Tom, the 31-year-old stepfather of Gregory. Qualitative interviews were conducted with Tom, Gregory, and Gregory's mother Macie. Analysis is framed using the communication theory of identity (Hecht, 1993). Findings from this instrumental case study (Stake, 1995) demonstrate that even 10 years after meeting his stepson, Tom has not “arrived” at a stepfather identity. The case also highlights the importance of the enacted identity frame (i.e., “fatherly” communication) in defining Tom's identity as a stepfather, which was somewhat different from his identity as a biological father. Findings are discussed in light of research on stepfathers' communication and identity.
Comparison of Renibacterium salmoninarum Isolates by Antigenic Analysis

Antigens of seven isolates of Renibacterium salmoninarum were compared serologically using immunoelectrophoretic techniques. Seven common components were identified by their electrophoretic mobilities in each antigenic profile. One of these common components designated antigen F, was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration. Cross adsorption analysis showed antigen F to be the major surface antigen of R. salmoninarum. This antigen was heat stable and its molecular weight was estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 57, 000.
Impact of secondary non-Gaussianities in the CMB on cosmological parameter estimation

We consider corrections to the underlying cosmology due to secondary contributions from weak gravitational lensing, the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect contained in the trispectrum. We incorporate these additional contributions to the covariance of a binned angular power spectrum of temperature anisotropies in the analysis of current and prospective data sets. Although recent experiments such as the Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver and the Cosmic Background Imager are not particularly sensitive to these additional non-Gaussian effects, the interpretation of Planck and CMBPol anisotropy spectra will require an accounting of non-Gaussian covariance leading to a degradation in cosmological parameter estimates by up to 20% and 30%, respectively.
Crosslinked networks based on trimethoxysilyl functionalized poly(amic ethyl ester) chain extendable oligomers

Abstract We report here the synthesis and characterization of poly(amic ethyl ester) oligomers functionalized with trimethoxysilyl end-groups. The oligomers were prepared via the condensation of 1,1-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1-phenyl-2.2,2-trifluoroethane, diethyldichloromellitate and p -aminophenyltrimethoxysilane. The p -amino-phenyltrimethoxysilane was used to control both molecular weight and end-group functionality. These oligomers were thermally cured to form crosslinked networks. The resulting networks possesed T g in excess of 450°C and thermal decomposition temperatures in the proximity of 500°C. The formation of networks was confirmed by swelling studies. These oligomers offer an attractive processing alternative as low viscosity precursors to crosslinked polyimide networks.
Effects of fimbria-fornix transection and ganglioside treatments on histochemical staining for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the lateral septum.

The present study examined whether ganglioside treatments would affect an enzyme marker (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; G6PDH) of neural metabolism in an established model system (the hippocamposeptal projection) of deafferentation and sprouting. Rats were subjected to unilateral transections of the fimbria-fornix (FF) in order to (1) interrupt the hippocamposeptal projection, (2) deafferent the lateral septal nucleus (LSN) ipsilaterally, and (3) induce sprouting by the contralateral FF. In untreated rats which were killed at 2-4 days postlesion, histochemical staining for G6PDH was reduced by 35-40% in the deafferented LSN relative to the contralateral side. However, at 6-8 days (i.e., when sprouting begins), staining intensity returned toward contralateral values (i.e., recovered). This pattern of changes in G6PDH staining was not observed in the caudate nucleus adjacent to the LSN. In ganglioside-treated rats which were killed at 4 days, there was a significantly smaller reduction of G6PDH staining in the deafferented LSN (23%; P = .05). This effect was not observed in the LSN of treated rats killed at 2 days, nor in the caudate nucleus at either time point. The present data indicate that (1) FF transection results in a reduction and subsequent recovery of G6PDH staining in the deafferented LSN; and (2) ganglioside treatments may accelerate the onset of the recovery of G6PDH activity. We suggest that gangliosides' effect on G6PDH reflects an acute enhancement of biosynthetic events in deafferented neurons.
Collegiality: It's Priceless

As I write this message, I am deep into preparations for ENA’s pinnacle event, our Annual Conference. I look forward to our conference for so many reasons: to conduct association business during General Assembly, the robust discussion around resolutions that set the course for ENA’s work, and to attend classes on cuttingedge topics that make me a more effective practitioner. But one of the best reasons for attending the Annual Conference is the personal and professional relationships I share with my emergency nursing colleagues. As a MasterCard advertisement might state: Cost of registration: $350. Spending time with thousands of colleagues in emergency nursing: Priceless. According to Wikipedia, the on-line encyclopedia, colleagues are defined as ‘‘those explicitly united in a common purpose and respecting each other’s abilities to work toward that purpose. Thus, the word collegiality can connote respect for another’s commitment to the common purpose and ability to work toward it.’’ How is collegiality displayed by the members of our association? Let me provide an example. A discussion on the ENA Managers Listserv was sparked by a writer asking for advice as a first-time attendee to Annual Meeting. An outpouring of responses from people she had never met gave her advice, encouragement, and invitations to meet together during the conference. I read this discussion with amazement, respect, and heart-felt gratitude to those who responded to
Fluid flow on interacting deformable surfaces

Fluid simulation on interacting deformable surfaces is a challenging problem that has many applications. In this paper, we present a framework in which artistic as well as physically realistic flows can be generated on surfaces during deformation and collision. Our simulation system provides comprehensive control over the motion and deformation of an object as well as the movement and density of the fluid on the surface. At the heart of our system is a numerical solver that allows viscous and incompressible flows to be directly generated on surfaces using concepts from differential geometry, such as geodesic polar maps and parallel transport. This solver is fast and stable even when the object undergoes deformation or collides with other surfaces. We also propose rules that allow deformation and collisions to impact fluid flows in a physically realistic manner. By combining these rules with a set of comprehensive design functionalities, we develop a system in which the user can specify shape deformation, collision, and fluid flow in a unified framework. We demonstrate the capability of our system with a number example scenarios. CR Categories: I.3.7 [COMPUTER GRAPHICS]: ThreeDimensional Graphics and Realism—Animation.
An isochronous poloidal geometry time-of-flight ion mass spectrometer for energetic space plasmas

Abstract Space missions to the outer planets of the solar system require advanced mass-spectroscopic measurements that cover an unprecedented range of particle phase space. We present here a discussion of satellite-borne mass-spectrometer design considerations and put forward a design for an isochronous time-of-flight mass spectrometer based on poloidal ion trajectories in a set of three tandem toroidal electrostatic analyzers. The proposed instrument focuses a wide range of ion energies ( ΔE / E = 0.10) and entrance angles ( ±5 ° ) over a field of view subtending 360 ° with a mass resolution M / ΔM > 20. In order to create such a large field of view, the device accepts a broad range of entrance angles in the nondispersive (azimuthal) direction of the toroids. Isochronous focusing takes place in the polar plane of the toroid, thus the optics of this device are poloidal rather than toroidal. Because of the lack of an analytical theory up to now, development has relied primarily on 3D ray tracing to find triple-focusing (angle-energy-displacement) solutions that are isochronous. The proposed device has the useful feature that it discriminates molecular species from atomic species of the same mass (e.g. CH 4 + from O + or CH 2 + from N + ).
645 INTERFERENCE PHASE MICROSCOPIC ENUMERATION OF PITTED RBC AND SPLENIC HYPOFUNCTION IN SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

645 INTERFERENCE PHASE MICROSCOPIC ENUMERATION OF PITTED RBC AND SPLENIC HYPOFUNCTION IN SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
Distributed turbo coded diversity for relay channel

A novel coding technique is proposed for the quasi-static fading relay channel. The source broadcasts a recursive code to both relay and destination. The relay decodes, interleaves, and re-encodes the message prior to forwarding. Because the destination receives both codes in parallel, a distributed turbo code is embedded in the relay channel. Results indicate a combined diversity and coding gain, which is significant even for simple constituent codes.
A Numerical and Experimental Study of the Thermal Management of LEDs

This study examines the thermofluids characteristics of a LED lighting device. It is found that the heat sources of the present LED lighting are from the PCB and from the LED itself. To effectively improve the overall performance of the LED device, it is suggested that these two heat sources should be dealt with separately. For efficient thermal management of the LED, it is recommended to use the insulators and separate sink. The former can effectively block the heat flow from the PCB to LED panel where the latter can maintain the temperatures of PCB and LED within tolerable limit.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
An attempt at quantitation of sharp light-induced electron paramagnetic resonance signal in photosynthetic materials

Abstract Quantitative determinations were made of the number of spins responsible for the sharp, fast decaying EPR signal induced by light in photosynthetic material. The species resposible for the observed EPR signal is present at the level of approx. 1 per 100 molecules of chlorophyll. Values ranging between 1 and 4 were obtained for the ratio between free radicals and molecules of photoconverter P700. In view of the difficulties and errors inherent in the quantitation procedures involved, this finding does not exclude the possibility that the oxidized of P700 is the species responsible for the observed EPR signal, as the correlation of several properties of the radical and P700 had previously suggested. The presence of radical species other than or in addition to P700+ is, however, also compatible with the results.
Functional divergence of eukaryotic RNA polymerases: Unique properties of RNA polymerase I suit its cellular role

Eukaryotic cells express at least three unique nuclear RNA polymerases. The selective advantage provided by this enhanced complexity is a topic of fundamental interest in cell biology. It has long been known that the gene targets and transcription initiation pathways for RNA polymerases (Pols) I, II and III are distinct; however, recent genetic, biochemical and structural data suggest that even the core enzymes have evolved unique properties. Among the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, Pol I is considered the most divergent. Transcription of the ribosomal DNA by Pol I is unmatched in its high rate of initiation, complex organization within the nucleolus and functional connection to ribosome assembly. Furthermore, ribosome synthesis is intimately linked to cell growth and proliferation. Thus, there is intense selective pressure on Pol I. This review describes key features of Pol I transcription, discusses catalytic activities of the enzyme and focuses on recent advances in understanding its unique role among eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
Quantitative modeling of artist styles in Renaissance face portraiture

Renaissance portraits were depictions of some important royals of those times. Analysis of faces in these portraits can provide valuable dynastical information in addition to enriching personal details of the depicted sitter. Such studies can offer insights to the art-history community in understanding and linking personal histories. In particular, face recognition technologies can be useful for identifying subjects when there is ambiguity. However, portraits are subject to several complexities such as aesthetic sensibilities of the artist or social standing of the sitter. Thus, for robust automated face recognition, it becomes important to model the characteristics of the artist. In this paper, we focus on modeling the styles of artists by considering case studies involving Renaissance art-works. After a careful examination of artistic trends, we arrive at relevant features for analysis. From a set of instances known to match/not match, we learn distributions of match and non-match scores which we collectively refer to as the portrait feature space (PFS). Thereafter, using statistical permutation tests we learn which of the chosen features were emphasized in various works involving (a) same artist depicting same sitter, (b) same sitter but by different artists and (c) same artist but depicting different sitters. Finally, we show that the knowledge of these specific choices can provide valuable information regarding the sitter and/or artist.
Strain echocardiography tracks dobutamine-induced decrease in regional myocardial perfusion in nonocclusive coronary stenosis

Objectives This study was designed to determine whether strain echocardiography parameters reflect changes in regional myocardial perfusion during dobutamine stress. Background Strain echocardiography depicts regional myocardial mechanical activity. Ischemia has been shown to reduce systolic strain rate (sSR) and prolong the time to regional lengthening (TRL). In an experimental model, we tested whether sSR and TRLtracked dobutamine-induced changes in regional myocardial perfusion (regional myocardial blood flow [RMBF]), as measured by colored microspheres. Methods We used a closed-chest pig model of nonocclusive coronary stenosis (n = 14) created by inflating an angioplasty balloon in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Invasive hemodynamics, RMBF, and strain parameters were measured at baseline and peak dobutamine stimulation before and during the coronary stenosis. We compared segments with reduced RMBF versus those with preserved RMBF at peak dobutamine stimulation. Results Peak sSR correlated with RMBF (r = 0.70). In the absence of coronary stenosis, dobutamine stimulation caused a significant increase in RMBF and sSR and a decrease in TRL. This response was blunted during coronary stenosis. Using the “best cutoff” method, the sensitivity and specificity for prediction of reduced RMBF (ischemia) was 81% and 91% for sSR and 65% and 91% for TRL, respectively. These changes occurred in the absence of any change in global systolic and diastolic function (dP/dTmax, dP/dTmin, and tau). Conclusions Novel strain parameters that depict regional myocardial mechanics are able to predict changes in RMBF during dobutamine stress. Quantitative strain parameters may complement current echocardiographic techniques for ischemia detection and potentially improve the accuracy and reproducibility of stress echocardiography.
An effective asymptotic formula for the Stieltjes constants

The Stieltjes constants γ k appear in the coefficients in the regular part of the Laurent expansion of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) about its only pole at s = 1. We present an asymptotic expression for γ k for k >> 1. This form encapsulates both the leading rate of growth and the oscillations with k. Furthermore, our result is effective for computation, consistently in close agreement (for both magnitude and sign) for even moderate values of k. Comparison to some earlier work is made.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis KatG(S315T) Catalase−Peroxidase Retains All Active Site Properties for Proper Catalytic Function†

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) KatG is a catalase−peroxidase that is thought to activate the antituberculosis drug isoniazid (INH). The local environment of Mtb KatG and its most prevalent INH-resistant mutant, KatG(S315T), is investigated with the exogenous ligands CO and NO in the absence and presence of INH by using resonance Raman, FTIR, and transient absorption spectroscopy. The Fe−His stretching vibration is detected at 244 cm-1 in the ferrous forms of both the wild-type enzyme and KatG(S315T). The ferrous−CO complex of both enzymes exhibits ν(CO), ν(Fe−CO), and δ(Fe−C−O) vibrations at 1925, 525, and 586 cm-1, respectively, indicating a positive electrostatic environment for the CO complex, which is probably weakly hydrogen-bonded to a distal residue. The CO geometry is nonlinear as indicated by the unusually high intensity of the Fe−C−O bending vibration. The ν(FeIII−NO) and δ(FeIII−N−O) vibrations are detected at 596 and 571 cm-1, respectively, in the ferric forms of wild-type and mutant enzyme ...
Lateral Packing of Mineral Crystals in Bone Collagen Fibrils

Combined small-angle x-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy studies of intramuscular fish bone (shad and herring) indicate that the lateral packing of nanoscale calcium-phosphate crystals in collagen fibrils can be represented by irregular stacks of platelet-shaped crystals, intercalated with organic layers of collagen molecules. The scattering intensity distribution in this system can be described by a modified Zernike-Prins model, taking preferred orientation effects into account. Using the model, the diffuse fan-shaped small-angle x-ray scattering intensity profile, dominating the equatorial region of the scattering pattern, could be quantitatively analyzed as a function of the degree of mineralization. The mineral platelets were found to be very thin (1.5 nm approximately 2.0 nm), having a narrow thickness distribution. The thickness of the organic layers between adjacent mineral platelets within a stack is more broadly distributed with the average value varying from 6 nm to 10 nm, depending on the extent of mineralization. The two-dimensional analytical scheme also leads to quantitative information about the preferred orientation of mineral stacks and the average height of crystals along the crystallographic c axis.
Non-equilibrium and diffusion: a common basis for theories of chromatography☆

Abstract It has been the object of this presentation to show connecting links between the various theories of chromatography. The stochastic theory, the material-conservation approach, and the theoretical-plate model are treated individually and in relation to one another. The last two are treated as problems in non-equilibrium kinetics, exemplifying the concept that it is the lack of equilibrium between the mobile and stationary phases that causes the smearing of individual solute bands. The source of the non-equilibrium, as well as the smearing effect due to non-equilibrium, are discussed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The quantitative treatment of these cases depends on the use of the kinetic relaxation-time model, originally devised for the study of non-equilibrium kinetics in the flame front.
Balanced and Cobalanced Butler Groups

Abstract The class of Butler groups—pure subgroups of finite-rank torsion-free completely decomposable groups—has been widely studied by abelian group theorists. Here we present several classification results for groups in two chains of special subclasses of the Butler groups, the K (n)- and co- K (n)-groups. The classes K (n) and co- K (n), n ≥ 1, are defined by balanced and cobalanced exact sequences of Butler groups, respectively. We give direct sum decompositions of certain pure subgroups of K (n)-groups and certain torsion-free quotients of co- K (n)-groups. The direct sum decompositions characterize the groups in those classes and extend some well-known results for Butler groups.
Susceptibility of Adult Hippelates pusio to Insecticidal Fogs

The mortalities of caged, laboratory-reared Hippelates pusio Loew (eye gnats) exposed to thermal fogs of 9 insecticides were determined under field conditions. Naled and propoxur were most toxic. DDT was least toxic. The other insecticides of intermediate toxicity were: fenthion, dichlorvos, Dursban® ( O,O -diethyl O -3,5,6-tri-chloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), Gardona® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate), CIBA C-9491 O -(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate), and a mixture of malathion and Lethane 384® (2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl thiocyanate).
A comparison of nitrogen and mercury pore size distributions of silicas of varying pore volume

Abstract Although good correlation between the pore size distribution determined by nitrogen desorption isotherm and mercury penetration methods has been reported with low pore volume samples, large discrepancies in pore size distribution and in pore volume were found with high pore volume silicas and were shown to be a function of the pore volume of the silica. The mercury penetration method is believed-to compress these highly porous silicas and therefore reduces the pore volume and forms smaller pores.
Factorization in large-scale many-body calculations

Abstract One approach for solving interacting many-fermion systems is the configuration-interaction method, also sometimes called the interacting shell model, where one finds eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian in a many-body basis of Slater determinants (antisymmetrized products of single-particle wavefunctions). The resulting Hamiltonian matrix is typically very sparse, but for large systems the nonzero matrix elements can nonetheless require terabytes or more of storage. An alternate algorithm, applicable to a broad class of systems with symmetry, in our case rotational invariance, is to exactly factorize both the basis and the interaction using additive/multiplicative quantum numbers; such an algorithm recreates the many-body matrix elements on the fly and can reduce the storage requirements by an order of magnitude or more. We discuss factorization in general and introduce a novel, generalized factorization method, essentially a ‘double-factorization’ which speeds up basis generation and set-up of required arrays. Although we emphasize techniques, we also place factorization in the context of a specific (unpublished) configuration-interaction code, BIGSTICK, which runs both on serial and parallel machines, and discuss the savings in memory due to factorization.
Bifurcations and Chaotic Dynamics in an Electrostatically Actuated Impact Microactuator: A Numerical Exploration

We study the dynamics of an electrostatically driven impact actuator. As the name suggests, the impact actuator uses impacts between its moving elements to produce nano-displacements. While on one hand, impact actuators provide a way to produce small displacements with moderate actuation voltages, on the other hand impacts make the underlying dynamics nonsmooth. Impacts are a source of nonlinearity and a careful study of the dynamics is essential in order to ensure a consistent performance of the device. We model the impact microactuator reported by Mita and associates using a two-degree-of-freedom system. A simple impact law based on the coefficient of restitution is used. Our results show that the dynamics can be very complex as the system parameters are varied. Namely, as the amplitude and frequency of excitation are varied, the system exhibits period doubling and grazing bifurcations onto the route to chaos.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
EMISSION AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY TO EXAMINE SHOCK-INDUCED DECOMPOSITION IN NITROMETHANE

Time-resolved emission spectra were obtained from neat and ethylenediamine-sensitized nitromethane shocked to 12−17 GPa peak pressures using step wave loading. Broadband emission identified as chemiluminescence from nitrogen dioxide was observed due to reactions in both neat and amine-sensitized nitromethane. When laser light at 514 nm was present, fluorescence in addition to chemiluminescence was observed in shocked nitromethane−ethylenediamine mixtures; no such fluorescence was found in neat nitromethane. The fluorescing species are assigned to an intermediate formed in the first stage of decomposition in nitromethane−ethylenediamine mixtures. The same intermediate was detected previously using time-resolved optical absorption spectroscopy (J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 2322) and was inferred to be a radical anion of nitromethane, CH3NO2•-. This interpretation is consistent with the fluorescence data reported here. Laser irradiation (∼10 MW/cm2 at 514 nm) during shock loading resulted in more intense chem...
The Measurement of Residual Macrostresses using Neutrons

Abstract The basic goal of this paper is to convey essential information on neutron macrostress measurements to potential users of the method. After a discussion on residual stresses, the use of neutrons, which makes possible the measurement of triaxial macrostresses through the depth of engineering components due to the lower absorption of neutrons by most engineering materials, is presented. This is followed by a discussion on the physical and analytical basis of the use of diffraction for the measurement of such stresses. Next is a discussion on experimental aspects relevant to potential users, including probe volumes, stress-free reference standards, sample quality, errors, and the determination of full stress tensors. Lastly, an example of the determination of residual macrostress tensors in a welded cylindrical section of a solid rocket motor casing is presented.
Development of the discharge apparatus in the fungus Entophlyctis

Correlative light and electron microscopic observations were used to reconstruct the morphological events involved in the development of the discharge apparatus of Entophlyctis zoosporangia. A discharge plug formed as vesicles containing fibrillar material fused with the plasma membrane and deposited their matrices between the plasma membrane and zoosporangial wall. At the apex of the enlarging plug, the zoosporangial wall lost its microfibrillar appearance, became diffuse, and left an inoperculate discharge pore. The discharge plug exuded through this pore and then expanded into a sphere which rested at the tip of the discharge papilla or tube. After the release of the discharge plug, the number of fibrilla containing vesicles decreased and abundant endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the cytoplasm below the plug. Granular material then accumulated at the interface of the discharge plug and the plasma membrane. This was the endo-operculum. A single layer of endoplasmic reticulum subtended the area of plasma membrane which the endo-operculum covered. Later, dictyosomes appeared in the cytoplasm below the endo-operculum. Fusion of Golgi vesicles with the plasma membrane below the endo-operculum coincided with the initiation of cytoplasmic cleavage. This sequence of events indicates that, unlike the discharge plug, the endo-operculum does not originate by vesicular addition of preformed material.
Determination of Specific Mechanical Energy Distribution on a Twin-Screw Extruder

The distribution of specific mechanical energy (SME) dissipated inside a co-rotating, self-wiping, twin-screw extruder was estimated by conducting energy balances on each zone of the extruder. SME dissipation was studied under three different steady state conditions in which the zone before the die was kept adiabatic or under constant cooling or under constant heating. Infrared temperature probes and extended thermocouples were used to measure the bulk temperature of the corn meal. Heat flow sensors were used to measure the heat loss from the barrel surfaces. Total SME was calculated by measuring torque, screw speed, and mass flow rate. Of the total SME dissipated, 95-98 % was accounted for from energy balance calculations on each zone. Estimated maximum SME dissipation was found to occur in the zone prior to the die for adiabatic and constant cooling situations. However, in the case of constant heating, energy balance measurements indicated that most of the SME was dissipated in the middle zones of the extruder. The reasons for this are discussed.
Modifying Methoxycarbonyl Etomidate Inter-Ester Spacer Optimizes In Vitro Metabolic Stability and In Vivo Hypnotic Potency and Duration of Action

Background Methoxycarbonyl etomidate is the prototypical very rapidly metabolized etomidate analog. Initial studies suggest that it may be too short acting for many clinical uses. We hypothesized that its duration of action could be lengthened and clinical utility broadened by incorporating specific aliphatic groups into the molecule to sterically protect its ester moiety from esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis. To test this hypothesis, we developed a series of methoxycarbonyl etomidate analogs (spacer-linked etomidate esters) containing various aliphatic-protecting groups and spacer lengths. Methods Spacer-linked etomidate esters were synthesized and their hypnotic potencies and durations of action following bolus administration were measured in rats using a loss-of-righting reflexes assay. Octanol:water partition coefficients and metabolic half-lives in pooled rat blood were determined chromatographically. Results All spacer-linked etomidate esters produced hypnosis rapidly and in a dose-dependent manner. ED50s for loss of righting reflexes ranged from 0.69 ± 0.04 mg/kg for cyclopropyl-methoxycarbonyl metomidate to 11.1 ± 0.8 mg/kg for methoxycarbonyl metomidate. The slope of a plot of the duration of loss of righting reflexes versus the logarithm of the dose ranged 12-fold among spacer-linked etomidate esters, implying widely varying brain clearance rates. The in vitro metabolic half-lives of these compounds in rat blood varied by more than two orders of magnitude and were diastereometrically selective. Conclusions We created 13 new analogs of methoxycarbonyl etomidate and identified two that have significantly higher potency and potentially address the too-brief duration of action for methoxycarbonyl etomidate. This work may provide a blueprint for optimizing the pharmacological properties of other soft drugs.
Relations between pain-related anxiety, tobacco dependence, and barriers to quitting among a community-based sample of daily smokers

There is increasing recognition that complex and potentially bidirectional relations between pain and smoking may be relevant to the maintenance of tobacco addiction. Pain-related anxiety has been identified as a mechanism in the onset and progression of painful disorders, and initial evidence indicates that pain-related anxiety may be associated with essential features of tobacco dependence among smokers with chronic pain. However, there has not been an empirical study of pain-related anxiety in relation to tobacco dependence and self-reported barriers to quitting among a community-based sample of daily smokers. The current sample was comprised of 122 daily smokers who were recruited from the local community to participate in a larger study that included an initial assessment of pain, smoking history, and pain-related anxiety. Approximately 17% of our sample endorsed moderate or severe past-month pain, nearly half met criteria for current anxiety or mood disorder, and about 30% met criteria for a current substance use disorder, exclusive of tobacco dependence. Results indicated that pain-related anxiety was uniquely and positively associated with both tobacco dependence severity scores and self-reported barriers to quitting. These findings lend support to the notion that pain-related anxiety may contribute to the maintenance of tobacco addiction among smokers who experience varying levels of pain severity.
Hydrolaparoscopy in the rabbit: A fine model for the development of operative fetoscopy

Objective: Our goal was to become adept at performing laparoscopic procedures within a fluid medium and at using miniature instruments in a small animal model. Study Design: Adult female New Zealand rabbits underwent carbon dioxide laparoscopy while they were under general anesthesia with the use of 2 mm instruments. The abdominal cavity was filled with lactated Ringer's solution. Visualization of the intraabdominal organs and surgical procedures were performed below the fluid level. Results: Excellent visualization of the abdominal organs below the fluid level was obtained. Several surgical tasks were accomplished, including cutting and coagulation of the uterine horns with monopolar electrocautery, creation of a defect in the mesovarium and mesometrium, extracorporeal knot tying, and intraabdominai cutting of suture material. Relatively high amounts of energy were needed during electrocautery within the liquid medium (> 25 W). Occasional fluid and gas leakage through the skin punctures was prevented with accessory clamps. Conclusion: Hydrolaparoscopy can be performed in the rabbit with miniature instruments. As it simulates the human intraamniotic environment, it is a useful model for the development of operative fetoscopy.