cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moral Development and Self-Regulation: Research and Intervention Planning

After reviewing the moral development and general developmental literature, the authors propose several practical guidelines for moral development training programs in the schools.
Disentangling effort and performance: a renewed look at gender differences in commercializing medical school research

Recently, questions about gender gaps in science have extended to academic technology transfer. Using systematic data on US medical school faculty, we capture both behavior and performance, examining the hypothesis that women are less likely than men to commercialize their research findings. We pooled faculty invention data from ten departments in three Academic Health Centers from 1991 to 1998—a period when pat- enting had become prevalent and other researchers note that a gender gap was pronounced. Rather than focusing on patenting, we capture the first step in the commercialization process, as well as the subsequent successful licensing of faculty inventions to a company. We find no significant gender differences in the likelihood of reporting inventions or successfully commercializing them. We do find differences in the number of inventions reported, however, with women disclosing fewer inventions than their male counterparts. Our results demonstrate that gender effects are highly conditioned by employment context and resources. We attribute differences in our findings with regards to gender to the use of outcome measures that capture both behavior and performance, and the inclusion of a more extensive set of control variables.
The development of a real-time digital computer control laboratory for electrical engineering education

A project intended to substantially improve the capability of undergraduate instruction in real-time system analysis and control is discussed. The design, development, and implementation of this control educational project is reported. The laboratory consists of four experimental stations which demonstrate the typical industrial applications of process control theory. The great flexibility of microprocessors in both single and multiloop control actions offers the students a more versatile means of design and experimentation. A description of some of the real-time experiments is provided. >
Graded response to short photoperiod during development and early adulthood in Siberian hamsters and the effects on reproduction as females age

Short day (SD) lengths delay puberty, suppress ovulation, inhibit sexual behavior, and decelerate reproductive aging in female Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). To date, the modulation of the age-associated decline in reproductive outcomes has only been demonstrated in female hamsters experiencing different day lengths during development. To determine if developmental delay is necessary for photo-inhibition to decelerate reproductive aging, hamsters raised in LD were transferred to SD as young adults and remained there for 6 months. Females that demonstrated the most immediate and sustained photo-inhibition were found to have greater numbers of ovarian primordial follicles at advanced ages (9 and 12 months) than did females held in LD, nonresponders to SD, and females with a marginal SD-response. Similarly, for females raised in SD from conception to 6 months of age, prolonged developmental delay was associated with greater numbers of primordial follicles at later ages as compared to hamsters that became refractory to SD. A robust response to SD in juvenile and adult hamsters is associated with decelerated reproductive aging, which may result in greater reproductive success in older females as compared to age-matched individuals demonstrating a more modest response to SD.
Development of an autonomous robot for ground penetrating radar surveys of polar ice

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a low cost, battery-powered mobile robot for ground penetrating radar surveys in support of Polar science and logistics. Key features of the design include lightweight construction for low resistance and high energy efficiency in deformable terrain; a passive, articulated chassis for high mobility; and design simplicity for low cost. Deployment in Greenland in spring 2008 over crevasse fields demonstrated the ability of the robot to traverse rough terrain characterized by both firm and soft snow, while gathering data from a ground penetrating radar to detect crevasses. A simple navigation and control algorithm provides low-bandwidth path planning and course correction. Mobility assessment during deployment highlights the need for non-visual means of assessing mobility autonomously. A proprioceptive sensor suite and sample data for autonomous detection of terrain traversability are described.
Distributed symbolic representation of visual shape

The notion of distributed representation has gained significance in explanations of connectionist or “neural” networks. This communication shows that the concept also offers motivation in devising representations for visual shape within a symbolic computing paradigm. In a representation for binary (silhouette) shapes, and in analogy with conventional distributed connectionist networks, descriptive power is gained when microfeatures are available naming important spatial relationships in images. Our symbolic approach is introduced through a vocabulary of 31 “hand built” shape descriptors operating in the two-dimensional shape world of the dorsal fins of fishes.
Molecular insights into substrate specificity of prostate specific antigen through structural modeling

Prostate Specific Antigen's (PSA) role as a biomarker for prostate cancer is well established but the physiological role of its serine protease activity in the pathobiology of normal prostate and prostate carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. In light of recent studies that implicate PSA's enzymatic activity in the initiation and/or progression of prostate cancer, we performed a molecular modeling study of substrate binding at the catalytic site of PSA wherein a PSA-selective substrate (HSSKLQ) was docked in an acyl-enzyme conformation to a three-dimensional homology model of PSA. Additionally, virtual positional scanning studies were conducted to gain mechanistic insights into substrate recognition of PSA. Subsequently, 13 novel peptide substrates of 6-aa length and four peptide substrates with varying length were synthesized and assayed for PSA hydrolysis to evaluate the experimental validity of docking insights. Additionally, six novel aldehyde-containing transition state analog inhibitors were synthesized and tested for their inhibitory potencies. The experimental data on the hydrolysis rates of the newly synthesized substrates and inhibitory potencies of the aldehyde peptides agreed with the docking predictions, providing validation of the docking methodology and demonstrating its utility towards the design of substrate-mimetic inhibitors that can be used to explore PSA's role in the pathobiology of prostate cancer. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of first swing stability of power system with doubly fed induction generator wind farms

For evaluating the first swing stability (FSS) of power systems in the presence of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind farms, a simple and unified model of DFIG is proposed in this paper. In addition the proposed DFIG model is carefully incorporated into the power system for fast FSS evaluation. The evaluation algorithm is also presented in details in the paper. Without losing generality, DFIG is represented by an equivalent circuit according to various rated active and reactive powers output. The limitation of rotor current was considered during the evaluation process as well. The effectiveness of the proposed DFIG model and the evaluation algorithm are tested on modified IEEE 14-bus test system. The proposed DFIG model and the evaluation algorithm are very general and can be easily applied to a large power system.
Stem surface injuries of Neobuxbaumia tetetzo and Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis of the Tehuacan Valley ofcentral Mexico

Abstract Evans, L. S. (Laboratory of Plant Morphogenesis, Biological Sciences Research Laboratories, Manhattan College, the Bronx, NY 10471). Stem surface injuries of Neobuxbaumia tetetzo and Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis of the Tehuacan Valley of central Mexico. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 33–37. 2005.—Identical scale and bark stem surface injuries are present on surfaces of fourteen species of long-lived columnar cacti in both North and South America. The purpose of this research was to determine the amounts of injuries on south-, east-, north-, and west-facing stem trough surfaces for two species of columnar cacti, Neobuxbaumia tetetzo and N. mezcalaensis, from the Tehuacan Valley (18° N latitude) of central Mexico. Stem surface injury levels on south (equatorial)-facing surfaces were twice that of north (polar)-facing stem surfaces for both cactus species. Calculations indicate that twice as much total annual direct sunlight occurs to south-facing cactus surfaces than on north-facing surfaces at 18° N latitu...
Comment, Living in Limbo: Mandatory Detention of Immigrants Under the Illegal Immigration Reform and Responsibility Act of 1996

This Comment discusses the troubling implications of the 1996 reforms with respect to international human rights law and the Due Process Clause and separation of powers safeguards of the United States Constitution. Part II describes the challenges faced by immigrants detained in the United States. Part III discusses the Reform Act's performance under international human rights standards as well as domestic standards such as due process and separation of powers. Part IV presents recommendations for any or all of the three branches of federal government to reconcile immigration policies with these standards. For example, one option for ensuring that the Reform Act's expedited removal and mandatory detention provisions conform with due process and separation of powers is restoring immigrants' access to judicial review. However, other practical options have been proposed. Some of the available solutions would accommodate immigrants' need for protection and governmental needs for effective immigration laws, and would not require legislative overhaul of the Reform Act.
Good computing

Explicit attention to computer ethics began with Norbert Weiner's (1950) groundbreaking book, The Human Use of Human Beings [33]. The teaching of computer ethics arguably started in the 1970s with the distribution of Walter Maner's Starter Kit in Computer Ethics and the publication of Deborah Johnson's seminal text Computer Ethics [18], [19] (see Bynum [4] for a short history). Since that time, many excellent scholars have entered the field and much work has been done. Work on the philosophical groundwork for computing ethics [9], [31], the policy diffi culties associated with computing [22], [24], [30], and professional ethics in computing [10], [11] has multiplied and borne much fruit.
PERSPECTIVE: THE EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY OF AGING, SEXUAL REPRODUCTION, AND DNA REPAIR.

Three recent books on the evolutionary biology of aging and sexual reproduction are reviewed, with particular attention focused on the provocative suggestion by Bernstein and Bernstein (1991) that senescence and genetic recombination are related epiphenomena stemming from the universal challenge to life posed by DNA damages and the need for damage repair. Embellishments to these theories on aging and sex are presented that consider two relevant topics neglected or underemphasized in the previous treatments. The first concerns discussion of cytoplasmic genomes (such as mtDNA), which are transmitted asexually and therefore do not abide by the recombinational rules of nuclear genomes; the second considers the varying degrees of cellular and molecular autonomy which distinguish unicellular from multicellular organisms, germ cells from somatic cells, and sexual from asexual genomes. Building on the Bernsteins' suggestions, two routes to immortality for cell lineages appear to be available to life: an asexual strategy (exemplified by some bacteria), whereby cell proliferation outpaces the accumulation of DNA damages, thereby circumventing Muller's ratchet; and a sexual strategy (exemplified by germlines in multicellular organisms), whereby recombinational repair of DNA damages in conjunction with cell proliferation and gametic selection counter the accumulation of nuclear DNA damages. If true, then elements of both the recombinational strategy (nuclear DNA) and replacement strategy (cytoplasmic DNA) may operate simultaneously in the germ-cell lineages of higher organisms, producing at least some gametes that are purged of the DNA damages accumulated during the lifetime of the somatic parent. For multicellular organisms, production of functionally autonomous and genetically screened gametic cells is a necessary and sufficient condition for the continuance of life.
Selective depletion of thymus dependent areas in lymphoid tissue by tilorone.

SummaryThe chemical agent, tilorone, depleted the lymphocyte population in certain areas of the spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. The pattern was like that caused by neonatal thymectomy, thymic aplasia, or antilymphocyte serum. The thymus itself was not affected. The selective depletion of the thymus-dependent areas was unlike the nonspecific effects of other immunosuppressive chemicals and may be related to the ability of tilorone to inhibit cell-mediated immunity selectively. The effects of tilorone were not dependent on the presence of adrenal, thymus or spleen. The depleted tissues were rapidly repopulated, and the replenished thymic-dependent areas were resistant to further doses of the same drug.We thank Richard Sowinski for assistance in the experiments and Morris Moritz for photomicrographs.
Label-Free Molecular Observations of Membrane-Associated Species using Backscattering Interferometry

Membrane-associated proteins are integral components of cellular processes and disease pathogenesis. Quantitative observations of membrane protein interactions are extremely difficult; the membrane environment that is necessary to maintain appropriate structural and functional characteristics of such species interferes with or perturbs many analytical methods. In fact, typical assays to observe such interactions require the species of interest to be isolated and removed from the native membrane environment, usually with covalent modification. We will describe a label-free method to observe and evaluate membrane protein-ligand interactions in minimally-altered native membrane environments. This strategy is based on the use of backscattering interferometry (BSI) in which minute changes in the refractive index of the bulk solution caused by cognate ligand-receptor interactions are observed and quantified without the need for extrinsic molecular labeling. Combined with a method to present membrane proteins in an isotropically-scattering matrix derived from the native cellular environment, Ashlwe are able to observe a variety of cognate ligand-receptor interactions over a large range of equilibrium binding affinities.
Scientific progress, risk, and development: Explaining attitudes toward science cross-nationally

Declining public confidence in science is a concern in the US and Europe, but it is unclear what predicts confidence in science in developed countries, let alone in developing countries. This artic...
Relationship Between Spiritual Coping and Survival in Patients with HIV.

Studies of spirituality in initially healthy people have shown a survival advantage, yet there are fewer research studies in the medically ill, despite the widespread use of spirituality/religiousness to cope with serious physical illness. In addition, many studies have used limited measures such as religious service attendance. We aimed to examine if, independent of medication adherence, the use of spirituality/religiousness to cope with HIV predicts survival over 17 years. This was a longitudinal study, started in 1997. Study materials were administered semi annually. A diverse sample of 177 HIV patients initially in the mid-stage of disease (150–500 CD4-cells/mm3; no prior AIDS-defining symptoms) participated in the study. Participants were administered a battery of psychosocial questionnaires and a blood draw. They completed interviews and essays to assess current stressors. Spiritual coping (overall/strategies) was rated by qualitative content analysis of interviews regarding stress and coping with HIV, and essays. Controlling for medical variables (baseline CD4/viral load) and demographics, Cox regression analyses showed that overall positive spiritual coping significantly predicted greater survival over 17 years (mortality HR = 0.56, p = 0.039). Findings held even after controlling for health behaviors (medication adherence, substance use) and social support. Particular spiritual coping strategies that predicted longer survival included spiritual practices (HR = 0.26, p < 0.001), spiritual reframing (HR = 0.27, p = 0.006), overcoming spiritual guilt (HR = 0.24, p < 0.001), spiritual gratitude (HR = 0.40, p = 0.002), and spiritual empowerment (HR = 0.52, p = 0.024), indicating that people using these strategies were 2–4 times more likely to survive. To our knowledge this is the first study showing a prospective relationship of spiritual coping in people who are medically ill with survival over such a long period of time, and also specifically identifies several strategies of spirituality that may be beneficial.
Safety aspects of vitamin A administration

Objective To review longstanding experience in the safe use of vitamin A as therapeutic agent in prematurely born human neonates and more recently with young children infected with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Design The studies reviewed were designed to intervene with vitamin A in the form of retinyl palmitate in human neonates and infants showing low levels of retinol in the blood. Setting Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Results Evidence is presented that vitamin A can be administered safely to human neonates and infants without apparent acute toxic effects. Conclusion A carefully designed mode of administration of vitamin A can improve a patient's vitamin A status as determined by the elevation of blood vitamin A levels which in turn may be beneficial in lowering the morbidity.
Chapter 6 – Comprehensive Analysis of Mammalian Linker-Histone Variants and Their Mutants

Linker histone H1, the key chromatin structural protein facilitating higher order chromatin folding, is emerging as an important epigenetic mark and regulator for gene expression and cellular differentiation. Here we summarize a suite of analysis tools and applications we have employed to characterize H1 variants and mutations. In mammals, there are multiple H1 variants differentially regulated during development and cell differentiation. We first describe highly quantitative assays for gauging expression levels of H1 variants by random primer-based qRT-PCR and HPLC. Next, we introduce a set of genetic, cellular, and genomic approaches, including knockout and knock-in strategies, in vivo tagging, stem cell differentiation, and genome-wide mapping, for studying the functions of H1 variants. Finally, we illustrate the overexpression of H1 mutants in H1 knockouts to characterize H1 mutations in cancer. These methods should have wide applications in chromatin and epigenetic analysis.
Application to Digital Magnetic Recording

In the last chapter, the performance of the proposed FDTS algorithm was analyzed on partial response channels corrupted by additive white noise. A partial response (PR) channel arises when the unconditioned channel spectrum matches with the assumed PR spectrum. PR channels possess many desirable characteristics [34]. When the channel match is poor, a linear equalization can be performed to shape the original spectrum into a given PR spectrum. When we have the freedom to perform linear equalization on the transmitter side, the pulse shaping can be achieved without enhancing the additive noise, which is usually presented on the receiver side. In high density magnetic recording, the unconditioned channel spectrum may not be sufficiently close to that of a PR channel. Also, because the head/medium interface of a magnetic recording system can only react to a step input, the PR equalization is performed at the read side. Thus, when a good spectrum match does not exist between the original channel and the target PR channel, performing linear equalization will always induce a large increase in read-side head/electronics noise. In short, forcing a recording channel into a pre-determined PR form may result in a significant performance loss.
Incorporation of Hard and Soft Protein–Protein Interactions into Models for Crowding Effects in Binary and Ternary Protein Mixtures. Comparison of Approximate Analytical Solutions with Numerical Simulation

In order to better understand how nonspecific interactions between solutes can modulate specific biochemical reactions taking place in complex media, we introduce a simplified model aimed at elucidating general principles. In this model, solutions containing two or three species of interacting globular proteins are modeled as a fluid of spherical particles interacting through square well potentials that qualitatively capture both steric hard core repulsion and longer-ranged attraction or repulsion. The excess chemical potential, or free energy of solvation, of each particle species is calculated as a function of species concentrations, particle radii, and square well interaction range and depth. The results of analytical models incorporating two-body and three-body interactions are compared with the estimates of free energy obtained via Widom insertion into simulated equilibrium square-well fluids. The analytical models agree well with results of numeric simulations carried out for a variety of model para...
Nezara viridula (L.)1 in Central Texas: I. New Host Plant Associations and Reproductive Status of Adults Encountered Within

Southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), and other phytophagous stink bug species continue to plague producers of row crops (e.g., cotton [Gossypium hirsutum L.] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]) in Texas and the remainder of the Cotton Belt in the southeastern United States. Developing effective management tactics for N. viridula requires a thorough understanding of factors contributing to continued production of field pest populations. Uncultivated plant species in the absence of cultivated crops are key factors known to support N. viridula. This report identifies 17 new host plant associations (from nine plant families) for N. viridula in Central Texas; 12 of these associations were previously unidentified altogether in Central Texas while five plant species associations were identified in other regions of North America and the world. Also, reproductive status data of adults in the new associations aid in identifying new plant species capable of harboring reproductive adults. The new plant species associated with N. viridula should be monitored for developing populations that might eventually, or simultaneously, infest cultivated crops.
Effect of lateralized design on muscle and joint reaction forces for reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Background Manufacturers of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) implants have recently designed innovative implants to optimize performance in rotator cuff–deficient shoulders. These advancements are not without tradeoffs and can have negative biomechanical effects. The objective of this study was to develop an integrated finite element analysis–kinematic model to compare the muscle forces and joint reaction forces (JRFs) of 3 different RSA designs. Methods A kinematic model of a normal shoulder joint was adapted from the Delft model and integrated with the well-validated OpenSim shoulder model. Static optimizations then allowed for calculation of the individual muscle forces, moment arms, and JRFs relative to net joint moments. Three-dimensional computer models of 3 RSA designs—humeral lateralized design (HLD), glenoid lateralized design, and Grammont design—were integrated, and parametric studies were performed. Results Overall, there were decreases in deltoid and rotator cuff muscle forces for all 3 RSA designs. These decreases were greatest in the middle deltoid of the HLD model for abduction and flexion and in the rotator cuff muscles under both internal rotation and external rotation. The JRFs in abduction and flexion decreased similarly for all RSA designs compared with the normal shoulder model, with the greatest decrease seen in the HLD model. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the design characteristics implicit in these modified RSA prostheses result in mechanical differences most prominently seen in the deltoid muscle and overall JRFs. Further research using this novel integrated model can help guide continued optimization of RSA design and clinical outcomes.
Diallyl trisulfide, a chemopreventive agent from Allium vegetables, inhibits alpha-secretases in breast cancer cells

Abstract Breast cancer affects one in eight women throughout the course of their lifetime creating a demand for novel prevention strategies against this disease. The Notch signaling pathway is often aberrantly activated in human malignancies including breast cancer. Alpha secretases, including ADAM (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease) −10 and −17, are proteases that play a key role in the cleavage of cell surface molecules and subsequent ligand-mediated activation of Notch signaling pathway. High expression levels of ADAM10 and 17 have been clinically associated with a lower disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a bioactive organosulfide found in garlic and other Allium vegetables, on alpha secretases in breast cancer cells. Here we report for the first time that DATS inhibits the expression of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 and estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and in Harvey-ras (H-Ras) transformed MCF10A-H-Ras breast epithelial cells. We also show that DATS induces a dose-dependent reduction in colony formation ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, suggesting a long-term effect of DATS on growth inhibition of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that DATS inhibits the Notch ligands Jagged-1 and Jagged-2 involved in activation of Notch signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings show that DATS targets Notch pathway components overexpressed in breast cancer tumors and may serve as a functionally relevant bioactive for breast cancer prevention.
A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS ON VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION FOR THE HEART FAILURE MANAGEMENT

Background: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) acts by providing augmentation of parasympathetic tone with the theoretical effect of inhibiting progression of heart failure. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis comparing VNS with medical therapy for the management of heart failure with reduced ejection
New Concepts for New Dynamics: Generating Theory for the Study of Religious Innovation and Social Change

The Emerging Church movement (ECM) is sociologically interesting—not due to the size of its membership or the centrality of its congregations. Rather, the ECM is significant because it provides an opportunity to generate new concepts for the study religious innovation and social change. Using theoretical language, the ECM consists of institutional entrepreneurs who drive their religiously concerned movement by continually deconstructing and reframing beliefs, practices, and identities from “mainstream” Christianity while at the same time promoting newly formulated and broadly resonant religious imperatives. As Emerging Christians cultivate new or altered religious practices, these must be continually legitimized. Furthermore, their renegotiated beliefs (heterodoxies) require new forms of organization (alternative congregations). Such action is not the work of isolated individuals, nor is it independent of societal conditions. Ultimately, the ECM consists of Emerging Christians who creatively operate through diffuse network structures across wide geographic spaces and among disparate social groups to enact a collective institutional entrepreneurship that seeks to reimagine the assumptions of conventional Christian congregational life.
Application of NGS in the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Genetic Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of death and encompass a broad range of disorders, including diseases of the vasculature, the myocardium, and the heart’s electrical circuit, and congenital heart disease (CHD). In the etiology of most CVDs, a clear hereditary component has been demonstrated. CVDs can be divided in two major categories: the monogenic and the polygenic/multifactorial forms and have long been at the forefront of gene testing in the clinic. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has led to increasingly comprehensive testing for CVDs in both the monogenic and the polygenic/multifactorial forms, although the interpretation of the NGS data is still a challenge at this time. This chapter describes the genetic background of CVDs including inherited cardiomyopathy, inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes, CHD and inherited aortopathy, as well as the utility of NGS in the detection of CVDs-related genetic alterations.
Beaver dams, streamflow complexity, and the distribution of a rare minnow, Lepidomeda copei

Freshwater fishes are threatened globally, and often too little is known about threatened species to effectively guide their conservation. Habitat complexity is linked to fish species diversity and persistence, and degraded streams often lack habitat complexity. Beaver Castor spp., in turn, have been used to restore streams and increase habitat complexity. The northern leatherside chub Lepidomeda copei is a rare, small-bodied, drift-feeding minnow that has anecdotally been observed to use complex habitats associated with beaver dams in the western United States. To investigate this anecdote, we conducted fish and habitat surveys, the latter focusing on quantifying habitat complexity, in a sub-basin of the Upper Snake River Basin in the USA. Complementary generalised linear model and path analyses revealed that northern leatherside chub occurred more often at sites with complex streamflows, and streamflows were more complex when beaver dams were present and pools were deeper. Northern leatherside chubs were also more likely to occur when temperatures were warmer, aquatic macrophytes were abundant and stream channels were narrow and deep. The linkage between chubs, complex streamflows and beaver dams needs to be evaluated more broadly to completely understand its role in the rangewide status of the species. However, it does suggests that increased use of beaver reintroductions and dam analogues for stream restoration could be a boon for the northern leatherside chub, but such efforts should be monitored to determine their effectiveness to help adapt beaver-based restoration approaches to best benefit the species.
Reflections on Sexual Health: Fraught Intimacies and Ethical Choices

This essay includes personal and professional reflections on sexual health and intimacy. The emerging definition of compulsive sexual behavior disorder forms a foundation upon which are built succe...
Changing Resistant Assumptions in Christian Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy:

Drawing upon a large secular literature, Christian approaches to cognitive-behavioral therapy have emphasized the importance of helping clients to change false assumptions about themselves, their f...
Grade Incentive to Boost Course Evaluation Response Rates.

Abstract In most schools of nursing, students rate their satisfaction with courses and teachers at the end of the semester. Low response rates on these evaluations make it difficult to interpret the results. Students were incentivized to complete their course evaluations by adding 1-2 points to one test score in the course in exchange for 85 % or higher participation by the total cohort. Ongoing monitoring and communication to students by faculty during the process was critical to motivating students to complete course evaluations. When the incentive was employed, student participation ranged from a low of 90 % to a high of 100 % response rate. The added points did not change any of the students' grades. Incentivizing students to complete course evaluations is an effective strategy to boost response rates without changing final course grades.
Detection and genomic characterization of new avian-like hepatitis E virus in a sparrow in the United States

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a nonenveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that has been detected in a wide variety of animals. In 2017, an avian-like HEV was identified in sparrow feces sampled from around a pig farm in the midwestern United States. Sequence analysis revealed that the sparrow isolate represents a novel HEV that is distantly related to chicken and little egret HEVs.
CHEMOKINES, CXC | CXCL12 (SDF-1)

SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor-1) is also known as CXCL12, and is a CXC chemokine that binds to the CXC chemokine receptor, CXCR4. It is widely expressed and highly conserved having 99% homology with lower vertebrates, suggesting that it is important in primordial development. Two splice variants, SDF-1α and SDF-1β, have been identified and determined to have different regulation and functions. The SDF-1/CXCR4 complex results in activation of a variety of signal transduction pathways. SDF-1 plays a role in several functions, including trafficking of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic adult stem cells, development of the central nervous system, vasculature and hematopoietic cells, cell motility, chemotaxis and adhesion, and cell proliferation and survival. It also inhibits lymphotropic strains of HIV-1 to enter into CXCR4+ cell lines. SDF-1 plays a critical role in lung repair after injury through recruitment of circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells such as fibrocytes and progenitor epithelial cells. SDF-1 is also an important molecule in invasion and organ-specific metastasis of cancer; hence, SDF-1 is one of the most important known chemokines.
Some Basic Principles of the Biochemistry of the Elements

Essentially two different categories of basic principles are dealt with here. One is a set of principles dealing with the biological selection of elements (Section 2.1), whereas those in the other category are related to physicochemical properties of elements and their compounds (Section 2.2.). Biological systems could be expected to adapt themselves to the use of particular elements for their needs as a result of many factors, important among which should be “usefulness” and “availability”. The extent to which an element and its compounds are found to be appropriate will depend heavily on physicochemical properties relevant to enzymatic or other biological functions, such as reduction potential and acid-base character. Some of the basic parameters that determine these properties will be discussed in Section 2.2.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Alkylation of Drug-Like Molecules and Pharmaceuticals Using Heterocyclic Phosphonium Salts.

Alkylated pyridines are common in pharmaceuticals, and metal catalysis is frequently used to prepare this motif via Csp2–Csp3 coupling processes. We present a cobalt-catalyzed coupling reaction bet...
Temozolomide as a Single Agent Maintenance Therapy in Elderly Patients With Primary CNS Lymphoma

Abstract Introduction Optimal management of elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) after induction therapy is unclear. Whole-brain radiotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation carry increased toxicity in patients older than 60 years of age, which might outweigh the benefits in this group. Temozolomide (TMZ) has established antineoplastic activity in the central nervous system in other disease states, with a favorable toxicity profile. Patients and Methods We report efficacy and tolerability in a series of 10 patients treated off-label with TMZ maintenance after completion of R-MPV (rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine and vincristine) treatment for or primary diagnosed PCNSL. Results Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 57 months, 2-year PFS was 67%, and 5-year PFS was 33%. Median overall survival (OS) was 63 months, 2-year OS was 88%, and 5-year OS was 57%. TMZ was generally well tolerated, with the most common toxicity of Grade 3 or higher being thrombocytopenia in 3 patients (30%). Conclusion These outcomes suggest that TMZ might have activity for maintenance in elderly patients with PCNSL, when more aggressive treatments are contraindicated.
Are You There? Genetic Variation Impacts Long-Distance Connections in Diabetes

A new study by Fasolino et al. defines how genetic variation in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) affects long-distance genomic interactions. The research has widespread implications for understanding how genetic diversity impacts disease susceptibility, and raises important concepts about mechanisms that can be influenced by genetic diversity between individuals.
Guided Journaling: Focused Writing to Enhance Learning during a STEM Short-Term Study Abroad Course

More students are enrolling in STEM short-term study abroad courses, yet the structure of these programs poses pedagogical challenges for faculty needing to cover an entire course in a few weeks. Challenges include lack of pedagogical resources and research; the need to intentionally intervene to structure learning so that students can process, connect, and reflect to promote deeper thinking; little time for preparation or content front-loading; and finding balance between faculty-led instruction and experiential activities. To address these challenges while teaching a short-term study abroad course in Costa Rica, daily guided journaling worksheets (GJWs) fostered learning through intentional writing by sharpening student focus, connecting study abroad experiences with concepts from the texts, capturing thinking, promoting student reflection, and elucidating student concerns. The GJWs incorporated thinking routines, content graphic organizers, and a variety of writing prompts. Overall, the GJWs documented student learning in a format that allowed for prompt assessment and feedback while overcoming some of the challenges related to teaching a short-term study abroad course. With relevant and situational modifications, GJWs can be a beneficial tool for other types of experiential teaching situations such as internships, practicums, co-ops, field trips, laboratory activities, and community-based learning.
Highly efficient clinical trial designs for reliable screening of under-performing treatments: Application to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges for clinical trials including urgency, disrupted infrastructure, numerous therapeutic candidates, and the need for highly efficient trial and de...
Electro-organic Syntheses for Green Chemical Manufacturing

While large-scale electrochemical manufacturing is currently practiced in processes such as chloro-alkali production or aluminum refining, significant opportunities exist to implement electrosynthesis routes more broadly for the sustainable production of organic chemicals. This article discusses green chemistry advantages of electro-organic syntheses for chemical manufacturing. Specifically, we discuss how organic electrosynthesis routes may enable the decarbonization of chemical manufacturing, how the use of electrons as products and reagents can reduce the generation of waste or the use hazardous reagents, and how the implementation of modular reactors may enable the use of non-fossil distributed chemical feedstocks or the production of chemicals on-demand. Lastly, we provide a perspective on the research and development needs to implement electrosynthesis processes at scale.
Local buckling of steel faceplates anchored to concrete infill in C-PSW/CF

Abstract Shear anchors and tie bars in concrete-filled composite plate shear walls (C-PSW/CF) develop composite action between steel faceplates and concrete infill and brace the faceplates against buckling. Existing design requirements for tie bars and shear anchors have considered buckling of the empty steel modules during construction and local buckling of steel faceplates (between anchor points) in the composite phase. However, these design requirements do not address the stiffness and strength required for tie bars or shear anchors to brace the steel faceplate against local buckling. This paper presents an analytical study on the local buckling of steel faceplates braced by tie bars or shear anchors and restrained unilaterally by the concrete infill. The results are used to develop additional design recommendations for tie bars and shear anchors, and then compared with existing provisions.
From complex datasets to predictive models of embryonic development

Modern studies of embryogenesis are increasingly quantitative, powered by rapid advances in imaging, sequencing and genome manipulation technologies. Deriving mechanistic insights from the complex datasets generated by these new tools requires systematic approaches for data-driven analysis of the underlying developmental processes. Here, we use data from our work on signal-dependent gene repression in the Drosophila embryo to illustrate how computational models can compactly summarize quantitative results of live imaging, chromatin immunoprecipitation and optogenetic perturbation experiments. The presented computational approach is ideally suited for integrating rapidly accumulating quantitative data and for guiding future studies of embryogenesis. A computational approach to predictive modeling of embryonic development is presented and validated by integrating imaging, biochemical and genetic studies of tissue patterning in Drosophila embryogenesis.
Changing trends in ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a decline in emergency department (ED) presentations for trauma. The purpose of this study is to compare the estimated number and characteristics of eye injuries in 2020, the year of the COVID-19 pandemic, to those in 2011-2019. METHODS: A stratified probability sample of US ED-treated eye injuries was used to calculate the estimated annual number and incidence of these injuries in 2020, the year of the pandemic, and 2011-2019 (prepandemic years). Two-sample t-tests and Pearson χ2 were used to assess differences in demographics and injury characteristics. For multiple comparisons, Bonferroni correction was applied. RESULTS: The estimated number of ED-treated eye injuries per year was 152 957 (95% CI 132 637 to 176 153) in 2020 and 194 142 (95% CI 191 566 to 196 401) in 2011-2019. The annual incidence of ED-treated eye injuries was lower in 2020, at 46 per 100 000 population than in 2011-2019, at 62 per 100 000 per year (p<0.001). In 2020 vs 2011-2019, there was a higher incidence of ruptured globes (0.5 per 100 000 vs 0.3 per 100 000 per year, p<0.001), hyphemas (0.6 per 100 000 vs 0.4 per 100 000 per year, p<0.001), lacerations (1.0 per 100 000 in 2020 vs 0.8 per 100 000 per year, p<0.001) and orbital fractures (0.3 per 100 000 vs 0.03). CONCLUSION: The estimated incidence of eye injuries presenting to the ED was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2011-2019, but there was a higher estimated incidence of severe eye injuries. Changes in living and work environments due to the COVID-19 pandemic were likely associated with the differences in ocular trauma presentations observed in this study.
Helium Bubbles and Blistering in a Nanolayered Metal/Hydride Composite

Helium is insoluble in most metals and precipitates out to form nanoscale bubbles when the concentration is greater than 1 at.%, which can alter the material properties. Introducing controlled defects such as multilayer interfaces may offer some level of helium bubble management. This study investigates the effects of multilayered composites on helium behavior in ion-implanted, multilayered ErD2/Mo thin film composites. Following in-situ and ex-situ helium implantation, scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed the development of spherical helium bubbles within the matrix, but primarily at the layer interfaces. Bubble linkage and surface blistering is observed after high fluence ex-situ helium implantation. These results show the ability of metallic multilayers to alter helium bubble distributions even in the presence of a hydride layer, increasing the lifetime of materials in helium environments.
Do knowledge representations facilitate learning under epistemic uncertainty

Phillips and colleagues argue that knowledge representations are more fundamental than belief representations because they better facilitate social learning. We suggest that existing theory of mind paradigms may be ill-equipped to adequately evaluate this claim. Future study should explore learning in situations where there is uncertainty about one's own and others' knowledge, which better mirror real-world social learning contexts.
CyberGIS-compute for enabling computationally intensive geospatial research

Geospatial research and education have become increasingly dependent on cyberGIS to tackle computation and data challenges. However, the use of advanced cyberinfrastructure resources for geospatial research and education is extremely challenging due to both high learning curve for users and high software development and integration costs for developers, due to limited availability of middleware tools available to make such resources easily accessible. This tutorial describes CyberGIS-Compute as a middleware framework that addresses these challenges and provides access to high-performance resources through simple easy to use interfaces. The CyberGIS-Compute framework provides an easy to use application interface and a Python SDK to provide access to CyberGIS capabilities, allowing geospatial applications to easily scale and employ advanced cyberinfrastructure resources. In this tutorial, we will first start with the basics of CyberGIS-Jupyter and CyberGIS-Compute, then introduce the Python SDK for CyberGIS-Compute with a simple Hello World example. Then, we will take multiple real-world geospatial applications use-cases like spatial accessibility and wildfire evacuation simulation using agent based modeling. We will also provide pointers on how to contribute applications to the CyberGIS-Compute framework.
Building an Online Faculty Publications Database

ABSTRACT To commemorate the 150th anniversary of their institution, Illinois State University librarians are developing an online bibliography of scholarly works by campus faculty. The bibliography will be a permanent, searchable record of campus scholarship from 1857 to the present. The bibliography is intended to serve the needs of researchers interested in the history of the institution as well as the changing roles of college faculty over the last 150 years. The project is an alternative to and potential foundation for an institutional repository. The authors describe their experiences with the project and their plans for its expansion and enhancement. doi:10.1300/J106v14n03_01