cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Panic Disorder and Mortality

Evidence so far indicates two sources for excess mortality in panic disorder--suicide and cardiovascular morbidity. The risk for eventual suicide may rival that for primary depression, but the predictors and the necessary antecedents probably differ. The lapse between diagnosis and suicide may be larger for panic disorder, and complications such as secondary depression and substance abuse may be necessary. There are few well-established predictors for primary depression despite many relevant studies. The risk for suicide in panic disorder is barely recognized, and established predictors are accordingly remote. One study has demonstrated excess cardiovascular mortality among males with panic disorder, and another from the same center has provided weak support. Only one additional study has provided the necessary detail as to sex and cause, and those findings were quite supportive, although the subjects may have been mixed diagnostically. There are numerous feasible explanations for excess cardiovascular mortality in panic disorder and even some reason to believe that successful treatment might lessen it. To so advise patients would be not only premature at this point but unnecessary and countertherapeutic--unnecessary because these patients are motivated by discomfort to seek treatment and countertherapeutic because cardiovascular morbidity is what many of these patients pathologically fear. Rather, the findings suggest focus for future study. The initial findings of excess cardiovascular morbidity in males badly need replication, as do the more recent findings of Kahn et al. Likewise, animal models may reveal some of the pathophysiologic mechanisms at work. It is hoped that these efforts will converge in the not-too-distant future.
Body Position Effects on the ECG Implication for Ischemia Monitoring

Rotation of the heart in relation to surface electrocardiographic (ECG) electrodes when a patient turns to one side has been reported to cause ST-segment shifts, triggering false alarms with continuous ST-segment monitoring. We prospectively analyzed ST-segment and QRS complex changes in both standard and derived ECGs in 40 subjects (18 with heart disease and 22 healthy) in supine, right- and left-lying positions. Of the 40 subjects, 6 (4 cardiac, 2 healthy) developed positional ST deviations of 1 mm or more on the standard ECG. In the derived method, five of the same six subjects showed ST-segment deviation of which most occurred in the left-lying position. Positional ST changes were most frequent for males and for cardiac patients (33%). Changes in QRS complex morphology were common on the standard (28 of 40, 70%) and less frequent on the derived ECGs (17 of 40, 43%), occurring in both healthy and cardiac subjects. QRS axis changes occurred only on the standard ECG. It was concluded that (1) right and left side-lying positions frequently induce clinically significant ECG changes; (2) positional ST-segment deviation is less frequent than previously reported and is most likely to occur in males with cardiac disease; and (3) the derived method is less prone to positional QRS changes than the standard ECG.
Mild closed head traumatic brain injury-induced changes in monoamine neurotransmitters in the trigeminal subnuclei of a rat model: mechanisms underlying orofacial allodynias and headache

Our recent findings have demonstrated that rodent models of closed head traumatic brain injury exhibit comprehensive evidence of progressive and enduring orofacial allodynias, a hypersensitive pain response induced by non-painful stimulation. These allodynias, tested using thermal hyperalgesia, correlated with changes in several known pain signaling receptors and molecules along the trigeminal pain pathway, especially in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. This study focused to extend our previous work to investigate the changes in monoamine neurotransmitter immunoreactivity changes in spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis, pars interpolaris and nucleus tractus solitaries following mild to moderate closed head traumatic brain injury, which are related to tactile allodynia, touch-pressure sensitivity, and visceral pain. Our results exhibited significant alterations in the excitatory monoamine, serotonin, in spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis and pars interpolaris which usually modulate tactile and mechanical sensitivity in addition to the thermal sensitivity. Moreover, we also detected a robust alteration in the expression of serotonin, and inhibitory molecule norepinephrine in the nucleus tractus solitaries, which might indicate the possibility of an alteration in visceral pain, and existence of other morbidities related to solitary nucleus dysfunction in this rodent model of mild to moderate closed head traumatic brain injury. Collectively, widespread changes in monoamine neurotransmitter may be related to orofacial allodynhias and headache after traumatic brain injury.
IMAGING | Optical Imaging in Epilepsy Research: Overview of Methods and Applications

A variety of optical imaging techniques have been developed for studying dynamic physiological changes – in both time and space – in living cells and tissues. Classic examples include the use of voltage-sensitive dyes to map activity in networks consisting of thousands of neurons, and calcium-sensitive dyes to measure changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations within single cells. Recent applications of optical imaging in epilepsy research include visualization of morphological changes in spines and dendrites elicited by epileptic discharges, studies on the mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs with calcium-sensitive dyes, and mapping the propagation of epileptic activity in neocortex and hippocampus with voltage-sensitive dyes and intrinsic optical signals. The objective of this article is to provide a brief background of optical imaging techniques, with a particular focus on those optical methods that are likely to have the greatest impact in future epilepsy research.
There May Have Been Other Stuff Going On: Affective Labor and the Writing Center as a Safe House

Keeping the invention of the university and the identity struggle of the first-year university students in mind, this chapter argues that the Writing Center is ideally suited to being a safe house. Through an analysis of more than 900 client reports written during the 2015–2016 academic year, the chapter complicates our understanding of the affective labor happening in the Writing Center and outlines some strategies for understanding and undertaking the work of supporting students in their process of invention. It suggests that it is in the affective labor that we may find the importance of the Writing Center at the Global University.
A Systems Approach to the Treatment of Chemical Addiction

Therapists are increasingly considering chemical addiction from a family systems perspective. Effects of chemical dependency upon the family are discussed and intervention approaches aimed toward assisting the family as families redefine themselves and change their structure are considered. The integration of chemical dependency treatment and the family therapy is also discussed as it is practiced in an intensive outpatient program at a psychiatric hospital.
Circuit complexity and neural networks

Computers and computation the discrete neuron the Boolean neuron alternating circuits small, shallow alternating circuits threshold circuits cyclic networks probabilistic neural networks.
Collegium Ramazzini Medal presentation ceremony in honour of Professor Le Van Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam, November 2007

As announced, sadly, in the 4th issue 2007 of the European Journal of Oncology, Professor Le Van Trung, Former Director of the Vietnamese National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health and, upon his retirement, President of the Vietnam Association of Occupational Health, passed away in June last year, at the age of 74...
Regulation of Genes Encoding Plastid Proteins During Chloroplast Biogenesis in Euglena

Multiple and complex molecular mechanisms activate and coordinate the expression of genes that encode chloroplast proteins. These genes themselves are encoded both in the organelle’s own genome and in the nuclear genome. At least some of the nuclear genes are regulated at the transcrip-tional level.1 In other cases, and especially during chloroplast biogenesis, posttranscriptional regulation of nuclear genes appears to occur.2 For some chloroplast-encoded genes, a specific transcriptional control results from variations in the strengths of their promoter elements.3 Even so, the expression of these latter genes also appears to be strongly influenced by postranscriptional regulatory mechanisms occurring at the levels of mRNA stability and translation.3,4
Common-Mode EMI Unterminated Behavioral Model of Wide-Bandgap-Based Power Converters Operating at High Switching Frequency

With wide-bandgap semiconductors increasing their commercial availability, high switching frequency operation has become an accepted practice to increase power density in power converters. High switching frequency operation, nonetheless, increases the electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions of converters, for which accurate models are needed in order to predict their EMI noise and aid in the design of necessary filters. To this end, this paper assays first the impact that high switching frequency has on converter EMI emissions, and second, uses an unterminated behavioral model (UBM) to predict the common-mode (CM) emissions in the conducted EMI range (150 kHz–30 MHz). To achieve this, a new extraction procedure is developed for a UBM to effectively capture the rich high-frequency content of the CM emissions, providing a solution to the inherent limitations of previous behavioral models developed for insulated-gate bipolar transistor-based converters. The experimental results obtained with two setups: a 3-kW, 300-V dc, silicon-carbide-based three-phase inverter switching at 70 kHz and a 1-kW, 400-V dc, gallium nitride -based three-phase inverter switching at 500 kHz are presented to validate the approach and the model capabilities.
Association of Ocular Inflammation and Rubella Virus Persistence.

Importance Metagenomic deep sequencing (MDS) demonstrates that persistent and active rubella virus (RV) infection is associated with Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI). Objective To assess the utility of MDS in identifying RV infection in patients with uveitis. Design, Setting, and Participants This case series assessed 6 patients diagnosed by MDS with RV-associated uveitis at a tertiary uveitis referral center in the United States. Exposures Prior RV infection. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical examination findings, slitlamp photography, corneal confocal imaging, and infectious pathogen genome obtained from RNA sequencing. Results Six white men (age range, 36-61 years) were diagnosed with RV-associated uveitis by MDS. Three patients exhibited iris heterochromia associated with their uveitis in classic FHI fashion. The other 3 patients had less classic FHI features and exhibited anterior vitritis. Three patients had in vivo corneal confocal microscopy, with 2 demonstrating stellate keratic precipitates in addition to endothelial infiltration, spotlike holes, and enlarged intercellular boundaries. Of these 3 patients, 1 patient exhibited polymorphism and polymegathism of the endothelial cells. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that persistent RV infection is associated with recurrent or chronic anterior or anterior-intermediate uveitis as well as corneal endothelial cell damage. Ophthalmologists should consider RV infection as a potential cause of hypertensive anterior and intermediate uveitis.
The Effects of Vocal Mediating Responses on Visual Motor Tasks with Deaf and Hearing Children

The research investigated the effects of vocal labeling on short-term memory with two MA levels of deaf and hearing children. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the nature of the interaction among vocal labels, age levels, and a design arrangement task. It was found that 6 year old deaf and hearing children performed the same while 9 year old hearing children showed better recall than their deaf peers, with and without vocal labels. For the deaf, vocal labeling tended to have an interfering effect at the older levels, in part because of the competing stimuli in vocal auditory and visual-motor responses.
‘How can you not be romantic about baseball?’ Or how we are platonic about data:

Due to the influence of Michael Lewis’s book and its film adaptation of the same title, ‘Moneyball’ is now a euphemism for using data analytics to generate insights. These texts perform important c...
5. The American Dream and the China Dream: Unpeaceful Evolutions

Twenty five years ago, I published a book, China and the American Dream, about how the stories that Americans and Chinese used to frame their understandings of each other had developed over the previous quarter century. This was an exercise in the comparative sociology of culture – my specialty – tinged with some moral philosophy, which I had also studied. Some readers have thought it useful in gaining perspective on the concrete policy issues with which they have had to struggle. Drawing upon themes from that book and using the kind of analysis contained in it, I will continue the analysis over the past twenty-five years, first with reference to the development of China in the American Dream and then with reference to America in the China Dream.
Impact of SLCO1B1 Genetic Variation on Rosuvastatin Systemic Exposure in Pediatric Hypercholesterolemia

This study investigated the impact of SLCO1B1 genotype on rosuvastatin systemic exposure in hypercholesterolemic children and adolescents. Participants (8-21 years) with at least one allelic variant of SLCO1B1 c.521T>C (521TC, n = 13; 521CC, n = 2) and wild type controls (521TT, n = 13) completed a single oral dose pharmacokinetic study. The variability contributed by SLCO1B1 c.521 sequence variation to rosuvastatin (RVA) systemic exposure among our pediatric cohort was comparable to previous studies in adults. RVA concentration-time curve from 0-24 hours (AUC0-24 ) was 1.4-fold and 2.2-fold higher in participants with c.521TC and c.521CC genotype compared 521TT participants, respectively. Interindividual variability of RVA exposure within SLCO1B1 genotype groups exceeded the ~ 1.5-fold to 2-fold difference in mean RVA exposure observed among SLCO1B1 genotype groups, suggesting that other factors also contribute to interindividual variability in the rosuvastatin dose-exposure relationship. A multivariate model performed confirmed SLCO1B1 c.521T>C genotype as the primary factor contributing to RVA systemic exposure in this pediatric cohort, accounting for ~ 30% of the variability RVA AUC0-24 . However, of the statins investigated to date in the pediatric population, RVA has the lowest magnitude of variability in systemic exposure.
Brief communication: Three errors and two problems in a recent paper: gazeNet: End-to-end eye-movement event detection with deep neural networks (Zemblys, Niehorster, and Holmqvist, 2019).

Zemblys et al. (Behavior Research Methods, 51(2), 840–864, 2019) reported on a method for the classification of eye-movements (“gazeNet”). I have found three errors and two problems with that paper that are explained herein. Error 1: The gazeNet classification method was built assuming that a hand-scored dataset from Lund University was all collected at 500 Hz, but in fact, six of the 34 recording files were actually collected at 200 Hz. Of the six datasets that were used as the training set for the gazeNet algorithm, two were actually collected at 200 Hz. Problem 1 has to do with the fact that even among the 500 Hz data, the inter-timestamp intervals varied widely. Problem 2 is that there are many unusual discontinuities in the saccade trajectories from the Lund University dataset that make it a very poor choice for the construction of an automatic classification method. Error 2 The gazeNet algorithm was trained on the Lund dataset, and then compared to other methods, not trained on this dataset, in terms of performance on this dataset. This is an inherently unfair comparison, and yet nowhere in the gazeNet paper is this unfairness mentioned. Error 3 arises out of the novel event-related agreement analysis employed by the gazeNet authors. Although the authors intended to classify unmatched events as either false positives or false negatives, many are actually being classified as true negatives. True negatives are not errors, and any unmatched event misclassified as a true negative is actually driving kappa higher, whereas unmatched events should be driving kappa lower.
Structure and Function of the Peripheral Circulation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure and function of the peripheral circulation. Blood is a suspension of cellular elements in an aqueous solution of electrolytes and nonelectrolytes called plasma. Its major components are listed in the chapter. The cellular elements consist of the red blood cells, the white blood cells, and the platelets. Because the red blood cells represent the overwhelming proportion of formed elements, the effects of the white blood cells and the platelets can be neglected as far as their effects on the hemodynamic aspects of the circulation are concerned, except in certain disease processes. The dependence of red-cell concentration on flow appears to be related to the fractionation of the blood at branch points of the vasculature. If the flow is unequally distributed between branches, the branch receiving the smaller volume is supplied primarily from the peripheral layers of the feeding vessels that contain proportionately more plasma than the central layers. In the chapter, the general organization of the cardiovascular system is described. The chapter further discusses the concepts of rheology and the architecture and physical properties of the vascular system.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF POST-PROSTATECTOMY INCONTINENCE

Post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) is a common and significant issue that can affect the quality of life in men who are undergoing treatment for prostate cancer. While some patients opt for conservative management of their incontinence, many elect to undergo surgical treatment as a result of the significant impact to quality of life. The most commonly employed surgical techniques to address PPI are placement of a male sling or artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). Currently, the AUS continues to serve as the gold standard for management, with robust data concerning longitudinal outcomes available. However, in recent years, the various methods to place the male sling have emerged as viable, less complex alternatives that avoid the need for pump manipulation. In the present review, we discuss these main surgical treatment modalities for PPI, and focus on the selection criteria that may influence appropriate operative stratification of PPI patients. Indeed, an individualised, comprehensive assessment of baseline urinary function, age, radiation, prior surgeries, functional status, and other comorbidities must be considered in the context of shared decision-making between the treatment provider and the patient in determining the optimal approach to managing PPI.
Nuances in transcanal endoscopic surgical technique for glomus tympanicum tumors.

Abstract Objective To describe the utility and nuances of transcanal endoscopic surgery (TCES) on glomus tympanicum tumors from a single surgeon's experience. Patients/intervention Twelve patients, eight female and four males, diagnosed pre-operatively with glomus tympanicum tumors. They all underwent endoscopic resection by a single surgeon. Main outcome measures Feasibility of endoscopic resection of glomus tympanicum tumors without conversion to a microscopic approach. Secondary outcomes include tumor stage, pre and post-operative audiometry, vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and integrity of the facial nerve, ossicles, chorda tympani and tympanic membrane. Results Twelve patients underwent TCES, eight patient's pathology results were glomus tympanicum, ranging from Glasscock-Jackson grade I-III. Due to loss in follow up, 6/8 patients had complete audiometric data, which were analyzed. Average pre-operative air-bone-gap (ABG) was 5.41 compared to post-operative ABG of 5.08 (p > 0.89). No patients resulted in any, post-operative vertigo, tinnitus, SNHL, facial nerve injury or chorda tympani nerve injury. Two patients had intentional tympanic membrane perforations secondary to tumor adherence to the membrane. They were repaired with tragal perichondrium graft. No patients have had any recurrences. Conclusions Endoscopic resection of glomus tympanicum tumors is a feasible and effective, alternative visualization modality for the neurotologist. Surgical pearls are described herein.
Advances in the Signaling Pathways Downstream of Glial-Scar Axon Growth Inhibitors

Axon growth inhibitors generated by reactive glial scars play an important role in failure of axon regeneration after CNS injury in mature mammals. Among the inhibitory factors, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are potent suppressors of axon regeneration and are important molecular targets for designing effective therapies for traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury (SCI). CSPGs bind with high affinity to several transmembrane receptors, including two members of the leukocyte common antigen related (LAR) subfamily of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs). Recent studies demonstrate that multiple intracellular signaling pathways downstream of these two RPTPs mediate the growth-inhibitory actions of CSPGs. A better understanding of these signaling pathways may facilitate development of new and effective therapies for CNS disorders characterized by axonal disconnections. This review will focus on recent advances in the downstream signaling pathways of scar-mediated inhibition and their potential as the molecular targets for CNS repair.
Application of Hemilabile Ligands to "at-Metal Switching" Hydrogenation Catalysis

The paper describes the development of switchable catalysts: i.e., precatalysts that are activated by a reagent and the resulting active catalyst can be shut off with a second reagent. A concept is...
Maintenance motives for physical activity among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The purpose of this systematic review was to examine if the motives of satisfaction with outcomes, enjoyment of behavior, self-determination, and identity are related to physical activity (PA) main...
Moderate Cover Bleeder Entry and Standing Support Performance in a Longwall Mine: a Case Study

Bleeder entries are critically important to longwall mining for the moving of supplies, personnel, and the dilution of mine air contaminants. By design, these entries must stay open for many years for ventilation. Standing supports in moderate cover bleeder entries were observed, numerically modeled, and instrumented by researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The measurements of the installed borehole pressure cells (BPCs), standing support load cells and convergence meters, and roof extensometers are presented in this paper in addition to the numerical modeling results and visual observations made by the NIOSH researchers in the bleeder entries. The results include the effects of multiple panels being extracted in close proximity to the instrumented site as well as over one and a half years of aging. As expected, standing supports closer to the longwall gob showed the greatest load and convergence. The roof sag appeared generally independent of the proximity to the longwall gob. The BPC readings were driven by both the proximity to the gob and the depth into the pillar. The results of this study demonstrated that the entry roof can respond independently of the pillar and standing support loading. In addition, the rear abutment stress experienced by this bleeder entry design was minimal. The closer the mine development, pillar, or supports are to the gob, the greater the applied load due to rear abutment stress.
A Four-Week-Old Infant With Respiratory Distress: An Emergency Department Case Presentation of Congenital Lobar Emphysema.

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) and congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis (CPL) are rare conditions that are most often identified with prenatal ultrasonography. Occasionally, this disease process is first identified in the emergency department (ED), where the physician should avoid common pitfalls in order to prevent acute decompensation. To the best of our knowledge, there are no prior reports in the emergency medicine literature of CLE or CPL presenting to the ED as undifferentiated respiratory distress in an infant. Here, we describe one such case and then discuss the importance of differentiating these congenital anomalies from more commonly encountered emergency diagnoses, such as pneumothorax and pneumonia. Management differs radically, and the use of chest tubes and positive pressure ventilation in CLE may precipitate acute cardiovascular decompensation.
Lack of childcare restricts work related travel for physician moms (P4.9-081)

Objective: To understand how lack of childcare restricts work related travel for physician mothers Background: Physician mothers restrict work related travel due to lack of appropriate childcare. This affects not only their prospects as physicians in the institutions, promotions, salaries but also affects their wellness Design/Methods: I designed a survey to study how lack of childcare restricts work-related travel for physician mothers. Results: We surveyed 100 physicians who were also mothers in the United States. Our survey results showed that 48% of physician mothers had to withdraw papers and 22 % mothers had to withdraw posters from National Medical conferences due to lack of childcare. 12% skipped residency interviews and 56% skipped residency interview dinner due to lack of child care. 10% skipped fellowship interview and 69% skipped fellowship interview dinner due to lack of childcare. 50% of physician mothers skipped most of a National conference that they had travelled to attend due to lack of childcare. 77% said that they do not attend as many National medical conferences as they would like to, only because of lack of child care. 80% said that they would be able to go to more out of town conferences if they had better childcare options. Of these women 81% were married and 15% were divorced. At Ohio State we reached out to the GME to discuss these survey results and partnered with an on campus day care, Nisonger Child Care Center, which now provides child care to all residency and fellowship interview candidates who interview at Ohio State. Conclusions: Lack of childcare is detrimental to careers of physician mothers. They not only skip residency and fellowship interviews but also skip National conferences. Appropriate childcare at facilities where they interview and onsite childcare at National Conference will empower physician mothers to travel and further their career. Disclosure: Dr. Rauf has nothing to disclose.
Inhibition of CDK4/6 Overcomes Primary Resistance to PD-1 Blockade in Malignant Mesothelioma.

Background Despite the profound number of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients now treated with PD-1 blockade, insight into the underpinnings of rational therapeutic strategies to treat resistance to checkpoint immunotherapy remain unrealized. Our objective was to develop a novel therapeutic approach to overcome primary resistance to PD-1 blockade in MPM. Methods We generated a transcriptome signature of resistance to PD-1 blockade in MPM patients treated with nivolumab (four responders and four non-responders). We used the TCGA MPM cohort (N=73) to determine what genomic alterations were associated with the resistance signature. We tested whether regulation of identified molecules could overcome resistance to PD-1 blockade in an immunocompetent mouse malignant mesothelioma model. Results Immunogenomic analysis by applying our anti-PD-1 resistance signature to the TCGA cohort revealed that deletion of CDKN2A was highly associated with primary resistance to PD-1 blockade. Under the hypothesis that resistance to PD-1 blockade can be overcome by CDK4/6 inhibition, we tested whether CDK4/6 inhibitors could overcome resistance to PD-1 blockade in subcutaneous tumors derived from Cdkn2a(-/-) AB1 malignant mesothelioma cells, which were resistant to PD-1 blockade. The combination of daily oral administration of CDK4/6 inhibitors (abemaciclib or palbociclib) and intraperitoneal anti-PD-1 treatment markedly suppressed tumor growth, compared with anti-PD-1 or CDK4/6 inhibitor alone. Conclusions We identified a therapeutic target, CDK4/6, to overcome primary resistance to PD-1 blockade through comprehensive immunogenomic approaches. These data provide a rationale for undertaking clinical trials of CDK4/6 inhibitors in more than 40% of patients with MPM who demonstrate loss of CDKN2A.
Technical strategies for the transcallosal transforaminal approach to third ventricle tumors: expanding the operative corridor.

Object There are a number of surgical approaches to the third ventricle, each with advantages and disadvantages. Which approach to use depends on the location of the lesion within the ventricle, the goals of the operation, and the surgeon's experience. The authors present their results in children with a modified approach through the expanded foramen of Monro. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to identify and analyze all children who underwent what the authors term the “expanded transforaminal” approach to the third ventricle between 2010 and 2013. Perioperative data included patient demographics, signs and symptoms on presentation, tumor characteristics (type, origin, and size), complications, and clinical and radiographic outcome at final follow-up. Results Twelve patients were identified (5 female, 7 male) with a mean age of 9 years (range 2–19 years). Two patients underwent gross-total resections, whereas 10 resections were less than total. There were no instances of venous infarction, signi...
War Paths, Peace Paths: an Archaeology of Cooperation and Conflict in Native Eastern North America, by David H. Dye, 2009. Lanham (MD): AltaMira Press; ISBN 978-0-7591-0746-5 hardback £44.95 & US$70; ISBN 0-7591-0746-7 paperback £16.95 & $27.95; ISBN 978-0-7591-1312-1 ebook £44.95 & US$70; xx+215 pp., 29 figs.

This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology, Department of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact SCHOLARC@mailbox.sc.edu. Publication Info Published in Cambridge Archaeological Journal, Volume 20, Issue 2, 2010, pages 281-283. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=CAJ
Statistical Characterization of Bathymetry and Stratigraphy on Continental Margins

Abstract : The long-term goal is to enable realistic acoustic modeling in the continental shelf environment given limited geological and geophysical data. The objectives are to: Formulate statistical models of shelf and slope bathymetric roughness and for stratigraphic architecture. Develop methodology for interpolation of sparsely sampled bathymetric and stratigraphic data. Ground-truth swath sonar data to enable prediction of geotechnical properties of surface sediments.
Asymmetric lossless image compression

Summary form only given. Lossless image compression is often required in situations where compression is done once and decompression is to be performed a multiple number of times. Since compression is to be performed only once, time taken for compression is not a critical factor while selecting an appropriate compression scheme. What is more critical is the amount of time and memory needed for decompression and also the compression ratio obtained. Compression schemes that satisfy the above constraints are called asymmetric techniques. While there exist many asymmetric techniques for the lossy compression of image data, most techniques reported for lossless compression of image data have been symmetric. We present a new lossless compression technique that is well suited for asymmetric applications. It gives superior performance compared to standard lossless compression techniques by exploiting 'global' correlations. By 'global' correlations we mean similar patterns of pixels that re-occur within the image, not necessarily at close proximity. The developed technique can also potentially be adapted for use in symmetric applications that require high compression ratios. We develop algorithms for codebook design using LBG like clustering of image blocks. For the sake of a preliminary investigation, codebooks of various sizes were constructed using different block sizes and using the 8 JPEG predictors as the set of prediction schemes.
Dynamic three-dimensional mask-wafer positioning with nanometer exposure overlay accuracy

In previous articles we described an x-ray mask alignment scheme called Interferometric Broad-Band Imaging (IBBI), and an interferometric gapping scheme called Transverse Chirp Gapping (TCG). Both schemes encode position in the spatial phase relation of two sets of interference fringes, observed with an oblique-incidence optical microscope. IBBI is capable of detecting sub-nanometer misalignment, and TCG has shown a phase detectivity in the nanometer regime. Here we demonstrate the efficacy of IBBI and TCG for performing dynamically aligned and gapped exposures using a relatively inexpensive (-$150k), custom-built stepper. Additionally, we describe a scheme to minimize overlay runout by direct alignment of an x-ray point source to an arbitrary fiducial mark on the mask.
Partnering with a Native American Community in a Collaboration between a Tribal College and Two Mainstream Universities

We present community outcomes in our unique pre-engineering program, along with lessons learned when a tribal college and community partners collaborate with two mainstream universities in experiential learning on a Native American reservation in the United States. We share our expertise so that others may apply elsewhere what we have learned. We provide guidance through sharing our successes, best practices, challenges, case studies, and hopes for the future. We recognize that every reservation is unique, and what works for one may not work for others. Community outcomes include significant capacity building where partners assemble evidence-based research that strengthens the tribal college and tribal government, allowing them to better manage resources. The OSSPEEC program includes undergraduate, graduate and faculty researchers in water resources, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), geology, surveying, structures, and cross-disciplinary endeavors. Community partners include tribal governmental agencies, reservation-based interest groups, and non-profit organizations. The program is sustainable because the tribal college builds a variety of lasting partnerships offering mutual benefits.
Tourr: An R package for exploring multivariate data with projections

This paper describes an R package which produces tours of multivariate data. The package includes functions for creating different types of tours, including grand, guided, and little tours, which project multivariate data (p-D) down to 1, 2, 3, or, more generally, d (≤ p) dimensions. The projected data can be rendered as densities or histograms, scatterplots, anaglyphs, glyphs, scatterplot matrices, parallel coordinate plots, time series or images, and viewed using an R graphics device, passed to GGobi, or saved to disk. A tour path can be stored for visualisation or replay. With this package it is possible to quickly experiment with different, and new, approaches to tours of data. This paper contains animations that can be viewed using the Adobe Acrobat PDF viewer.
Capturing Multiple Markets: A New Method of Capturing and Analyzing Local Television News:

This paper focuses on the importance of local news as the primary source of information for most Americans, emphasizing the need for additional research about local TV news content across a variety of topics and about elections and crime in particular. In addition, we present a detailed methodology of a new capture, coding, and digital archiving process that significantly advances current tools available to researchers, journalists, educators, policymakers, and that portion of the general public interested in local TV news content. Finally, the paper presents initial findings from an ongoing study of local TV coverage as an example of how researchers can capture and analyze large amounts of local TV news data in multiple media markets at a comparatively low cost, thus overcoming a reliance on single market studies with relatively small sample sizes.
Nonclassical oxygen atom transfer reactions of oxomolybdenum(VI) bis(catecholate)

Mechanistic studies indicate that the oxomolybdenum(VI) bis(3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate) fragment deoxygenates pyridine-N-oxides in a reaction where the oxygen is delivered to molybdenum but the electrons for substrate reduction are drawn from the bound catecholate ligands, forming 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone.
PERI - auto-tuning memory-intensive kernels for multicore

We present an auto-tuning approach to optimize application performance on emerging multicore architectures. The methodology extends the idea of search-based performance optimizations, popular in linear algebra and FFT libraries, to application-specific computational kernels. Our work applies this strategy to Sparse Matrix Vector Multiplication (SpMV), the explicit heat equation PDE on a regular grid (Stencil), and a lattice Boltzmann application (LBMHD). We explore one of the broadest sets of multicore architectures in the HPC literature, including the Intel Xeon Clovertown, AMD Opteron Barcelona, Sun Victoria Falls, and the Sony-Toshiba-IBM (STI) Cell. Rather than hand-tuning each kernel for each system, we develop a code generator for each kernel that allows us to identify a highly optimized version for each platform, while amortizing the human programming effort. Results show that our auto-tuned kernel applications often achieve a better than 4X improvement compared with the original code. Additionally, we analyze a Roofline performance model for each platform to reveal hardware bottlenecks and software challenges for future multicore systems and applications.
Chronic alpha-adrenoceptor blockade with trimazosin in congestive heart failure

We evaluated chronic adjunctive alpha-1 receptor blockade with trimazosin in congestive heart failure. This agent produced hemodynamic effects consistent with venodilation (reduced left ventricular volume and filling pressure with increased left ventricular ejection fraction), but only during exercise. Resting hemodynamic parameters and exercise duration were not significantly altered by chronic alpha-1 receptor blockade.
Elektronenmikroskopische Befunde zur Aureomycin-Therapie der Toxoplasmose

Elektronenmikroskopische Beobachtungen an Toxoplasmen aus aureomycinbehandelten Mausen lassen an den Erregern eine Beeinflussung des Nucleinsaurestoffwechsels und der Zellteilung erkennen. Das Antibioticum fuhrt bei einem Teil der Erreger zu lytischen Prozessen, wahrend ein anderer Teil offenbar morphologisch unbeeinflust zu bleiben scheint. Diese letzte, zumindest morphologisch unbeeinfluste, Gruppe durfte als aureomycinresistent gelten und, wenn auch verzogert, den Tod der Versuchstiere herbeifuhren.
Cross-cultural family therapy: The escape model

Abstract Family therapists are commonly from the middle-class and represent the majority culture. They are educated in majority institutions, supervised by trainers from the dominant culture, and taught culturally grounded, normative, family behavior. These therapists may have little knowledge of subcultural values and how those values affect family functioning. This paper focuses on the problems that family therapists may have in adopting culturally sensitive perceptions and appropriate techniques. Critical issues in culturally conscious family therapy are discussed, and classical family therapy techniques as they might be modified for Mexican-American or Appalachian families are presented.
The effect of familiarization on reading comprehension

College students (N = 35) familiarized on paralogs which signified many of the important concepts and relationships in a story were able to answer correctly significantly more recall comprehension questions about the story than were subjects (N = 33) who were familiarized on paralogs that were irrelevant to the story. The data indicated that the facilitation from the relevant familiarization was fairly uniform across the questions. The implications of the findings for teaching were briefly discussed.
The Problem of Interactions in World History.

JERRY BENTLEY, in proposing a periodization of world history, offers us more than a set of periods. He defends a specific criterion for evaluating world-historical change, develops his set of periods out of that criterion, and utilizes the periods to suggest long-term interpretations of history. His criterion focuses on cross-cultural interaction. More precisely, he identifies three main kinds of processes (mass migration, empire building, and long-distance trade) as having had "significant repercussions across the boundary lines of societies and cultural regions." In applying his criterion to develop a periodization, Bentley relies on documented changes in the scale and character of these three "kinds of processes" to identify six major periods in the history of the Afro-Eurasian land mass.1 Then, within the framework of this periodization, he offers a narrative of periodic expansion in scale and transformation in character of cross-cultural interactions. The latter point is worthy of underscoring: if Bentley's interpretation focused mainly on expansions in the scale of cross-cultural contacts, we would have yet another narrative of progress. Instead, he sidesteps a linear interpretation of world history by emphasizing successive changes in the character of cross-cultural interactions along with their growing magnitude.2 I find Bentley's presentation to be elegant and comprehensive, and I am inclined to accept cross-cultural interaction as an appropriate criterion for periodizing world history. But the implications of Bentley's scheme may be broader than they first appear.3 For if one accepts cross-cultural interaction as the criterion for periodization in world history, one tends at the same time to accept such interactions as the main subject matter of world history. This big step requires some discussion.
Revision total hip arthroplasty without bone graft of high-grade acetabular defects

Mixed results have been reported with bulk and cancellous bone graft to fill defects during acetabular revision arthroplasty. Jumbo cups have been used to maximize host bone contact, and if adequate initial stability can be achieved, this approach may provide a superior long-term outcome. We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 107 acetabular revisions performed using jumbo cups without bone graft. Bone defects were assessed using a validated radiographic classification system that yielded 64 hips with significant bone defects for inclusion. Mean change in American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons lower extremity core and pain scores and in Short Form-12 scores showed increases of 22.01, 37.52, and 17.08 points, respectively. Postoperative radiographs consistently demonstrated host bone ingrowth into the jumbo acetabular shells, except for 3 failures. Careful incremental reaming up to a size that optimizes host bone support and contact may eliminate the need for bone graft in most acetabular revision arthroplasties.
Stress Intensity Factors and Crack Paths for Cracks in Photoelastic Motor Grain Models

Computational analysis and two dimensional tensile tests on single motor grain fins suggest that cracks in fin tips are most likely to originate at the coalescence of the fin end tip radius with a small radius emanating from the side of the fin. Prior studies have indicated that under internal pressure, cracks on the fin axis are subject to similar stress peaks and may grow more readily than the former types due to an absence of shear modes. The present study focuses upon two types of cracks emanating from the former location called “off-axis” cracks and attempts to differentiate from the two types by their paths and SIF values, determined by the frozen stress photoelastic method.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
The Binding and Cleavage by Lysozyme of N-acetylglucosamine Oligosaccharides

In the first part of this Discussion the beautiful crystallographic results obtained at the Royal Institution were described (Blake, Mair et al ., p. 365, Blake, Johnson et al ., p. 378). Particular attention was paid to the nature of certain lysozymesaccharide complexes, some involving oligosaccharides of N -acetylglucosamine. This paper describes reactions of these same sugars, namely, their binding and cleavage by the enzyme.
The peculiar circumstances of the iarc working group on radio-frequency electromagnetic fields and cellular telephones [telecommunications health & safety]

An International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) working group reviewed hundreds of scientific articles, and then reached the conclusion that current evidence is sufficiently strong to support a classification of possibly carcinogenic to humans for radio-frequency electromagnetic fields including those employed by cellular mobile telephones. It is curious to note that just days before the working group was scheduled to convene for a week, an invited participant was removed from the panel of experts for "possible perception of conflict of interest," but another (a sole proprietor of a consulting firm) was allowed to stay.
Dense plasma effects on K-shell dielectronic satellite lines

The dielectronic satellite lines from the $n=2$ doubly excited levels of lithiumlike and heliumlike ions have been studied theoretically in dense-plasma environments. A comprehensive level structure including ground, singly excited, and doubly excited levels was included in a collisional-radiative equilibrium model to calculate level populations and the satellite intensities self-consistently for carbon, aluminum, and argon plasmas. The effects of inner-shell excitation rates (calculated via the distorted-wave approximation with configuration mixing) and collisional ionization and recombination of the doubly excited levels are included in the model and their effects on the satellite intensities assessed. The well-known heliumlike intercombination-to-resonance line ratio, used in density determinations, is shown to be strongly affected by blended satellite lines at high density, causing significant error in the measured density when their intensities are not accounted for.
Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Inventory Coastal Prairie Wetlands Along the Upper Gulf Coast, Texas

This study developed a Geographic Information System (GIS) framework using datasets such as light detection and ranging (lidar) data, soils, and land use/land cover for analyzing distribution and structure of over 10,000 coastal prairie wetlands (CPWs) around Galveston Bay, Texas, USA. Lidar data were used to estimate volumes and catchment areas. The CPWs were small (median 0.37 ha) with 72% of wetlands less than 1 ha in size. However, CPWs and their catchments occupy 40.8% of the land area within the study area. Field data from 12 CPWs were used to assess the accuracy of selected structural features. Error analysis suggests that relative elevation, land use/land cover and NWI datasets were reasonably accurate, while National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) derived vegetation cover and Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) soils data were less reliable. This approach not only provides a detailed inventory of wetland resources, it also supports cumulative estimates of regional wetland functions that are critical to regional policy makers and wetland scientists. Additionally, correlations of geospatial datasets to field measurements should interest those who use geospatial datasets to estimate wetland condition.