cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From "noikokyra' to "lady": Greek immigrant women, assimilation and race

This paper examines how upward mobility among Greek immigrant women in NYC affects their perceived roles in the family and also the narratives the women construct to frame their experiences. Class and labor market incorporation (formal vs. informal) mainly affect the type of narrative the women construct. Working class women use the ideology of the «noikokyra» to frame their experiences and responsibilities in the home and the community, while lower middle and middle class women select competing elements from American gender and class ideologies to construct their narratives. These two latter groups construct an American-based version of the «lady» as a goal which they aspire to. Despite the differences in gender ideologies between the lower middle and middle class women’s narratives, these two categories of women share the idea of «whiteness» as a goal to be achieved. The paper is based on one-hundred fifteen in-depth interviews with Greek immigrant women in New York between the ages of twenty-two and seventy.
CNT Extracted Lithography

High quality nanoscale gaps were fabricated using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as shadow masks for metal deposition. We used electric-field guided assembly to deposit and individual multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) across a pair of electrodes. Metal was deposited by electron-beam evaporation on the substrate where MWCNT was assembled. Then, the MWCNT was removed by sonication, leaving a pattern that replicates the shape of the MWCNT. This approach enables a mass fabrication of well-defined nanoscale features aligned and positioned with high accuracy.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Concerning the Logical Consistency of Multivariate Market Share Models

Naert and Bultez have examined the logical consistency of market share models [3]. They raise serious questions about the logical consistency of my previous study, a market share model of the sales of several competing brands [1, 2]. I believe their criticism is misplaced. There are two basic questions: (1) whether a linear stochastic process could have generated the sum-constrained data, and (2) whether a linear model can predict sum-constrained estimates of the dependent variable. After resolving these two questions, the uses of logically consistent models and the implications for my original study will be considered.
Effect of Injecting Crystalline Tetanal Toxin and Tetanal Antitoxin Into Mice.

SummaryThe administration of 25 units of tetanal antitoxin to white Swiss mice which had previously received 1 M.L.D. of crystalline tetanal toxin, produced no discoverable lesions in the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, or skeletal muscles, irrespective of whether the animals developed clinical tetanus, or af how long they survived. Like-wise, the intraperitoneal injection of either 25 or 2500 units of tetanal antitoxin caused no changes which could be detected by ordinary histopathological technics.
Topical and oral antibiotics in wound care

Treating clinically uninfected venous leg ulcers or superficial diabetic foot ulcers with systemic antimicrobial agents does not accelerate healing, even when pathogens grow from cultures of the wounds. Topical antibiotics do not prevent infections following routine dermatologic surgical procedures or minor wounds in an emergency department, but they are effective in reducing infections following minor trauma in children.
Peroxymonosulfate Rapidly Inactivates the Disease-Associated Prion Protein

Prions, the etiological agents in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, exhibit remarkable resistance to most methods of inactivation that are effective against conventional pathogens. Prions are composed of pathogenic conformers of the prion protein (PrP(TSE)). Some prion diseases are transmitted, in part, through environmental routes. The recalcitrance of prions to inactivation may lead to a persistent reservoir of infectivity that contributes to the environmental maintenance of epizootics. At present, few methods exist to remediate prion-contaminated land surfaces. Here we conducted a proof-of-principle study to examine the ability of peroxymonosulfate to degrade PrP(TSE). We find that peroxymonosulfate rapidly degrades PrP(TSE) from two species. Transition-metal-catalyzed decomposition of peroxymonosulfate to produce sulfate radicals appears to enhance degradation. We further demonstrate that exposure to peroxymonosulfate significantly reduced PrP(C) to PrP(TSE) converting ability as measured by protein misfolding cyclic amplification, used as a proxy for infectivity. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that exposure to peroxymonosulfate results in oxidative modifications to methionine and tryptophan residues. This study indicates that peroxymonosulfate may hold promise for decontamination of prion-contaminated surfaces.
Optical Communication: Its History and Recent Progress

This chapter begins with a brief history of optical communication before describing the main components of a modern optical communication system. Specific attention is paid to the development of low-loss optical fibers as they played an essential role after 1975. The evolution of fiber-optic communication systems is described through its six generations over a 40-year time period ranging from 1975 to 2015. The adoption of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) during the 1990s to meet the demand fueled by the advent of the Internet is discussed together with the bursting of the telecom bubble in 2000. Recent advances brought by digital coherent technology and space-division multiplexing are also described briefly.
Abstract #1688: Pathways conferring sensitivity to etoposide and other topoisomerase II targeting agents

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO Topoisomerase II (Top2) is the principal target for highly active anticancerdrugs. Etoposide, anthracyclines and other clinically active agents have been termed Top2 poisons, because the drugs generate DNA damage by trapping the enzyme when it is covalently bound to DNA. Our previous work has demonstrated that many DNA repair proteins that are required for repair of double strand breaks arising from ionizing radiation. These include all components of the two major double strand break repair pathways (homologous recombination and NHEJ), repair nucleases such as Rad2, Tdp1, and Mms4/Mus81, proteins involved in checkpoint responses, as well as other proteins whose role in DNA repair remains less certain. We have carried out a genome wide screen in the yeast S. cerevisiae to identify additional proteins that alter etoposide sensitivity. A novel aspect of our screening procedure was the use of an artificialtranscriptional repressor that blocks the expression of several yeast genes that are involved in the efflux of small molecules. We identified more than 50 genes that confer hypersensitivity to etoposide that had not been previously identified in genome wide screens of genes important for surviving DNA damage. All gene deletions identified in the primary screen were verified using an independent assay that tests sensitivity to an intercalating Top2 targeting drug. Therefore, all of the identified genes are likely to be important for surviving Top2 mediated DNA damage. We have identified several pathways that are critical for surviving exposure to etoposide. One pathway, which includes previously identified repair genes, is important for repairing double strand breaks that occur during S phase. This result supports the hypothesis that double strand breaks induced during replication are important for cell killing by Top2 targeting drugs. We also identified several genes that are involved in ubiquitination and proteasome mediated degradation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that degradation of Top2 by the proteasome plays an important role in repairing Top2 mediated damage. Finally, we also identified several unexpected classes of proteins. One group includes several ribosomal proteins. We suggest that the ribosomal proteins may be important in modulating translational responses to DNA damage or cellular stress. Although the genes described here were identified in yeast, many of these genes have homologs in mammalian cells and are likely to be important in the sensitivity of mammalian cells to etoposide and other Top2 targeting agents. Current experiments are assessing this hypothesis. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1688.
Are the Qualities of Adolescents’ Offline Friendships Present in Digital Interactions?

Today’s youth often connect with friends online. Although decades of research have explored the core qualities of face-to-face friendships, less is known about how these qualities differ when friends interact via technology. Through a synthesis of research on friendship in digital spaces, we examine whether the core qualities of face-to-face friendships are evident in cyberspace. Six key components of friendships were identified from the large canon of research on friendships and studies that addressed these topics (i.e., self-disclosure, validation, companionship, instrumental support, conflict, and conflict resolution) were reviewed. The findings suggest that, while peer interactions in online spaces may be novel, the core qualities of friendships identified in research on offline spaces persist. Future research directions are identified.
Linguistics, feminism, and Three Sisters

AbstractDiscourse analysis theories, along with feminist studies theories, can be applied to the four main female characters in the Russian drama Three Sisters, written in 1900 by Anton Chekhov. In this presentation, I show how these characters, living in late nineteenth-century Russia, a patriarchy that restricts women both legally and socially, demonstrate agency, autonomy, and power despite their discriminatory society. Using methodology from various theories of discourse analysis and feminist studies, such as framing, positioning, facework, speech acts, and agency, I present evidence that these women find ways to establish a positive identity. This study contributes to the field of discourse analysis and expands the textual sources of such analysis to nineteenth-century Russian drama. It also contributes to the subfield of Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis by demonstrating how linguistic strategies can be a positive force against a restrictive environment.
Procrastination in Organizations: Role of Trait-State Anxiety and Leadership

The notion that procrastination may be related to motivational disturbances and counterproductive behaviors has received scant attention within organizational science. To better understand this phe...
Addressing Birth Parent Trauma: Pathway to Reunification

Recognizing and addressing birth parent trauma is increasingly recognized as a critical component of achieving the longstanding goals of the child welfare system. This chapter describes the negative impact of psychological trauma on parents’ coping, parenting capacity, and ability to successfully navigate the system itself. The author delineates a three-step approach for dealing with this issue: screening; adopting general trauma-informed principles, practices, and procedures; and application of specific trauma interventions. A review of 17 interventions found in the National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices and/or the California Evidence-Based Clearing House for Child Welfare, that specifically address adult trauma, is highlighted. In acknowledgment of the focused efforts necessary for child and family-serving systems to become trauma-informed, the author provides a discussion of challenges and offers suggestions for successful application of what should be considered best practice.
Prognostic Value of Pretreatment FDG-PET Parameters in High-dose Image-guided Radiotherapy for Oligometastatic Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer.

Abstract Background Emerging data support aggressive local treatment of oligometastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We sought to determine whether the metabolic burden of disease found by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography at the time of high-dose radiotherapy (RT) for oligometastatic NSCLC can serve as a prognostic biomarker. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 67 RT treatment courses in 55 patients with oligometastatic NSCLC who had undergone high-dose RT to all sites of active disease at our institution. The metabolic tumor volume, total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and maximum standardized uptake value of all lesions were measured on the pretreatment fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the influence of imaging and clinical factors on overall survival (OS). Results On univariate analysis, a greater metabolic tumor volume and TLG were predictive of shorter OS (hazard ratio of death, 2.42 and 2.14, respectively; P = .009 and P = .004, respectively). The effects remained significant on multivariate analysis. Neither the maximum standardized uptake value nor the number of lesions was significantly associated with OS. Patients within the highest quartile of TLG values (> 86.8 units) had a shorter median OS than those within the lower 3 quartiles (12.4 vs. 30.1 months; log-rank P = .014). Conclusion The metabolic tumor burden was prognostic of OS and might help to better select oligometastatic NSCLC patients for locally ablative therapy.
Prognostication in periodontics – science or art?

Abstract: It has long been assumed that clinicians are able to predict the course of periodontal disease and advise patients about the longevity of individual teeth; the evidence challenges this co...
Financial Models and Tools for Managing Lean Manufacturing

Introduction Historical Background of the Problem Objectives of the Study Important Questions for the Study Importance of this Study References Impact of Management Accounting Methods on Lean Implementation Management Accounting Transition in Focus from Internal to External Difficulties Presented by the Current forms of Financial Reporting Just-in-Time (JIT) and Lean Manufacturing Practices Related Studies and Missing Elements Problems with Previous Studies Contributions of this Study References Multi-Period Simulation Model of a Factory with Lean Manufacturing Experimental Design, Statistical Hypothesis, and Data Analysis Experimental Design Proposed Hypotheses Data Analysis Methods Diagrams Experimental Factors Generation of a Random Sales Demand Inventory Policy Management Accounting Method Detailed Description of Data Generation Process Simulation Model Design Simulated Factory Parameters Model Manufacturing Operations Production Planning Tool Calculation of the Coming Month Production Schedule Tracking On-Hand Inventories Calculation of Income Statements by Accounting Method Model Execution - Data Generation Technical Issues with the Simulation Model References Analytical Findings from Lean Manufacturing Factory Operation Raw Data and Descriptive Statistics Test of Hypotheses Results by Performance Measure and Period Gross Profit Net Profit Sensitivity to Sales Variability Service Level Sensitivity Analysis References Conclusions and Implications of Lean Manufacturing Factory Operation Summary of Research Findings Comparison to Previous Studies Implications for Practice Limitations Suggestions for Future Research Expansion of Time Horizon Expansion of the Number of Inventory Reduction Policies Modeled per Dataset Customer Service Level Measures Reduction in Reporting Cycle Expansion of Income Statements Use of Distribution Other than Normal Further Development of the Order-Activity Product Costing Method References Impact of the Pareto Distribution on Product Cost Calculations Introduction Definition of Problem Research Questions Methods Results Discussion Conclusions and Implications of This Research References Apendices
Role of Parvalbumin in Relaxation of Frog Skeletal Muscle

Experiments were done to test the hypothesis that parvalbumin (PA) promotes relaxation in frog skeletal muscle. Single fibers and purified PA from R. temporaria skeletal muscle were used to determine the relationship between Ca2+ and Mg2+ dissociation rates from PA and changes in relaxation rate as a function of isometric tetanus duration at 0°C. Relaxation rate slows as a function of tetanus duration with a rate constant of 1.18 s-1. Recovery of relaxation rate after a prolonged tetanus exhibits a rate constant of 0.12 s-1. Dissociation rate constants for Mg2+ and Ca2+ from purified PA are 0.93 S-1 and 0.19 S-1, respectively. Thus rates of slowing and recovery of relaxation rate may be controlled by Mg2+ and Ca2+ dissociation from PA, respectively. The influence of temperature on relaxation rate and on Ca2+ and Mg2+ dissociation rates from purified PA also was examined. The magnitude of slowing of relaxation rate with increasing tetanus duration, relative to the final, steady value of relaxation rate, is greater at 0 than at 10°C. In the 0 to 10°C range, the Q10 for relaxation rate increases with increasing tetanus duration. Both of these observations can be explained if the Q10 for Ca2+ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is greater than the Q10 for Ca2+ sequestration by PA during relaxation. When Ca2+ and Mg2+ dissociation rates from PA at various temperatures are compared to other proposed indicators of PA function, it is concluded that PA facilitates relaxation of frog skeletal muscle in the 0 to 20°C range.
How Long Until a Random Sequence Decreases

0.0478, 0.1429, 0.1667, 0.2204, 0.8124, 0.8226, 0.3101 ..., with the first decrease occurring in the seventh position, you might feel that this was an unusually long time to wait for that first decrease—even if you’re not exactly sure how long such a run “usually” lasts in a random sequence. The average position of the first decrease in a stream of random numbers depends on precisely what you mean by random; that is, it depends on the distribution of random numbers that you’re sampling. Surprisingly, though, for continuous distributions, the question has a very specific (and delightful) answer that is independent of how the random numbers are distributed. We will uncover the answer in due time—in Proposition 2, to be precise. In the meantime, exercise your intuition by making a guess in advance about how long, on average, a monotone run like the one above will last in a sequence of random numbers. If you’ve been around math much, you can probably make a shrewd guess based solely on the fact that I described the answer as “delightful.” But we will start by discussing a special case of the problem, when the random numbers are generated simply by rolling dice.
The impact of obesity on treatment choices and outcomes in operable breast cancer.

Abstract Introduction Obesity has been associated with negative oncologic outcomes in breast cancer. Methods Retrospective review of patients with operable breast cancer at a single institution from 2009 to 2012. Patients with carcinoma in situ or metastatic disease were excluded. Variables included utilization of MRI, surgical treatment, perioperative, and long-term oncologic outcomes. Primary outcome was rate of breast conserving surgery. Secondary outcomes included MRI utilization, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy, and perioperative outcomes. Results There were 1566 patients included for the study, 596 (38%) of whom were obese. MRI was utilized less in obese patients (62.4% vs 51.2%, p Conclusion Obese patients with operable breast cancer receive different treatment than non-obese patients, however survival and recurrence outcomes were similar among the two groups.
Spiders did not repeatedly gain, but repeatedly lost, foraging webs

Much genomic-scale, especially transcriptomic, data on spider phylogeny has accumulated in the last few years. These data have recently been used to investigate the diverse architectures and the origin of spider webs, concluding that the ancestral spider spun no foraging web, that spider webs evolved de novo 10-14 times, and that the orb web evolved at least three times. These findings in fact result from a particular phylogenetic character coding strategy, specifically coding the absence of webs as logically equivalent, and homologous to, 10 other observable (i.e., not absent) web architectures. "Absence" of webs should be regarded as inapplicable data. To be analyzed properly by character optimization algorithms, it should be coded as "?" because these codes-or their equivalent-are handled differently by such algorithms. Additional problems include critical misspellings of taxon names from one analysis to the next (misspellings cause some optimization algorithms to drop terminals, which affects taxon sampling and results), and mistakes in spider natural history. In sum, the method causes character optimization algorithms to produce counter-intuitive results, and does not distinguish absence from secondary loss. Proper treatment of missing entries and corrected data instead imply that foraging webs are primitive for spiders and that webs have been lost ∼5-7 times, not gained 10-14 times. The orb web, specifically, may be homologous (originated only once) although lost 2-6 times.
Protocols for Reporting Speech Outcomes following Palatoplasty or Velopharyngeal Surgery: A Literature Review.

Background To determine best practices, surgeons who perform cleft palate surgery or surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency need to be able to compare their outcomes in normalizing the velopharyngeal valve. Methods We conducted a comprehensive review of articles that reported speech/resonance outcomes following palatoplasty or surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency. We analyzed protocols that were used and how the results were reported. We found 170 articles, published between 1990 and 2014, that met our inclusion criteria. Results Most studies (66%) had a sample size of <50 subjects, were retrospective (67%), were not blinded (83%), and did not report the use of reliability (68%). Most studies included 1 evaluator (27%) or 2 evaluators (30%). Only 80% of the articles specified that at least one speech pathologist was an evaluator. Most articles (56%) did not specify the speech samples used, and 65% used an informal test or did not specify the type of test used. Most studies used a perceptual rating scale for articulation (75%) and resonance (83%). Only 39% of the studies included an evaluation of velopharyngeal function. Finally, objective measures were used in only 28% of the studies (9% used aerodynamic measures and 19% used nasometry). Conclusions Because these articles showed significant variability in how speech/resonance is evaluated and how the outcomes are reported, it is virtually impossible to compare results to determine best surgical procedures. Suggestions are given to standardize outcome measures to improve comparability of data.
Jacobi Series for General Parameters via Hadamard Finite Part and Application to Nonhomogeneous Hypergeometric Equations

The representation of analytic functions as convergent series in Jacobi polynomials is reformulated using the Hadamard principal part of integrals for all . The coefficients of the series are given as usual integrals in the classical case (when ) or by their Hadamard principal part when they diverge. As an application it is shown that nonhomogeneous differential equations of hypergeometric type do generically have a unique solution which is analytic at both singular points in .
Visuals as a method of coastal environmental communication

Abstract This study explores the influence of visual imagery on individuals' perception of complex scientific information on coastal land loss. It investigates how mass media channels use visual frames to convey an environmental issue's outcomes and how these frames might influence perceptions of issue urgency and issue importance. The primary message frames explored in this study were gain/loss frames and temporal context. A content analysis was conducted to collect online images of coastal land loss in Louisiana and the potential message frames used to communicate this issue's outcomes to the public were identified for each image and coded. Focus group discussions were then used to evaluate the effectiveness of these message frames. Results suggest that visual cues can shape public understanding of coastal change and its risk to coastal communities. Particularly, images that refer to future environmental conditions (temporal context) are more likely to convey the urgency and importance of an issue. Images that emphasize environmental and economic losses may be more engaging to an audience, however these types of images may also reduce motivation to mitigate losses. Willingness to support environmental solutions appears to be a result of public's ability to visualize short-term goals and successes. Best practices for coastal managers to produce and deliver environmental imagery are discussed.
Coming undone: hemiparasite presence and effects in a prairie grassland diminish over time

Root hemiparasites acquire resources from neighboring plants' vascular systems and can limit host growth, depress community productivity, and exert keystone effects. The strength of these effects is posited to be greater where hosts are nutrient-stressed but studies of annual hemiparasites show effects to be short-lived and variable. We conducted a 10-year experiment testing whether fertilizer addition alters the impact of the clonal, perennial hemiparasite Pedicularis canadensis on a prairie community and examine whether short-term trends reflect longer-term effects on community dynamics. Hemiparasite removal in 1-m2 plots increased productivity over the first three field seasons, but later the difference between removal and non-removal plots diminished as P. canadensis disappeared from 24 of the 48 non-removal plots. Effects of hemiparasite removal were context independent relative to fertilizer and shade treatments, but fertilizer initially increased, and then subsequently suppressed P. canadensis biomass. In non-removal plots, hemiparasite biomass was negatively associated with total community dry mass, which was greater in fertilized plots. Initially, fertilizer promoted graminoids, but after seven more field seasons, non-legume forbs responded most strongly. Measures of biodiversity tended to increase with hemiparasite cover. Demographic data collected at two different times for P. canadensis show high survivorship of established plants, high seed input, with seedling survival greater in taller vegetation. Unlike annual hemiparasite populations, well-established P. canadensis buffer populations against large demographic swings. At the scale of a few square meters, this keystone species produces significant heterogeneity in a prairie, but its presence at that scale is transient over approximately one decade.
Outcomes from a single-intervention trial to improve interprofessional practice behaviors at a student-led free clinic

Abstract Background Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is the practice of two or more healthcare professionals working together and learning from one another to improve health outcomes. IPC is important for quality training, typically improving individual and group level outcomes. Students value the opportunity for leadership and teamwork development when IPC is offered in their curriculum. The Indiana University Student Outreach Clinic (IUSOC) is a student run clinic that provides free primary care services to underserved residents residing in Indianapolis, Indiana. The IUSOC partner leaders identified a need to enhance knowledge about partner roles, scope of practice, and professional training with the hopes of improving quality of care through IPC and utilization of clinic resources. Methods A cluster randomized design consisted of education session days and control days. Participants had an equal selection probability. Student partners from ten different disciplines were involved. Two survey instruments were used for data collection: 1) The Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale and 2) The Professional Consciousness Raising Questionnaire. The former measured the attitudes and beliefs that underlie interprofessional socialization, while the latter assessed pre/post student knowledge of the roles and responsibilities of each partner. Results The control arm of the study was composed of 167 student participants and the intervention arm had 170 participants. Participants in the intervention arm had greater scores for “ability to work with others”, “value in working with others”, and “comfort in working with others.” The intervention arm also had significantly increased odds of correctly identifying the roles responsibilities of the nursing, law, dental, and global health disciplines. Conclusions Results of this study demonstrate that administering a short interprofessional education exercise to healthcare professional students leads to improved IPC through increased interprofessional knowledge about other professions and change in beliefs and values toward the value of interprofessional collaboration among healthcare professionals.
Evidence of changes in sedimentation rate and sediment fabric in a low-oxygen setting: Santa Monica Basin, CA

Abstract. The Southern California Bight is adjacent to one of the world's largest urban areas, Los Angeles. As a consequence, anthropogenic impacts could disrupt local marine ecosystems due to municipal and industrial waste discharge, pollution, flood control measures, and global warming. Santa Monica Basin (SMB), due to its unique setting in a low-oxygen and high-sedimentation environment, can provide an excellent sedimentary paleorecord of these anthropogenic changes. This study examined 10 sediment cores, collected from different parts of the SMB between spring and summer 2016, and compared them to existing cores in order to document changes in sedimentary dynamics during the last 250 years, with an emphasis on the last 40 years. The 210Pb -based mass accumulation rates (MARs) for the deepest and lowest oxygen-containing parts of the SMB basin (900–910 m) have been remarkably consistent during the past century, averaging 17.1±0.6 mg cm −2 yr −1 . At slightly shallower sites (870–900 m), accumulation rates showed more variation but yield the same accumulation rate, 17.9±1.9 mg cm −2 yr −1 . Excess 210Pb sedimentation rates were consistent with rates established using bomb test 137Cs profiles. We also examined 14C profiles from two cores collected in the deepest part of the SMB, where fine laminations are present up to about 450 yr BP. These data indicate that the MAR was slower prior to ∼1900 CE (rates obtained were 9 and 12 mg cm −2 yr −1 ). The δ13Corg profiles show a relatively constant value where laminations are present, suggesting that the change in sediment accumulation rate is not accompanied by a change in organic carbon sources to the basin. The increase in sedimentation rate towards the Recent occurs at about the time previous studies predicted an increase in siltation and the demise of a shelly shelf benthic fauna on the SMB shelf. X-radiographs show finely laminated sediments in the deepest part of the basin only, with centimeter-scale layering of sediments or no layering whatsoever in shallower parts of the SMB basin. The absence of finely laminated sediments in cores MUC 10 (893 m) and MUC 3 (777 m) suggests that the rate at which anoxia is spreading has not increased appreciably since cores were last analyzed in the 1980s. Based on core top data collected during the past half century, sedimentary dynamics within SMB have changed minimally during the last 40 years. Specifically, mass accumulation rates, laminated sediment fabric, extent of bioturbation and % Corg have not changed. The only parameter that appeared to have changed in the last 450 years was the MAR, with an apparent > 50 % increase occurring between ∼ 1850 CE and the early 1900s. The post-1900 CE constancy of sedimentation through a period of massive urbanization in Los Angeles is surprising.
Selective herbicides for control of hen's eyes (Ardisia crenata) in forests and natural areas

Hen’s eyes (Ardisia crenata Sims) is a shade-tolerant invasive shrub displacing native understory in forests of the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. Few studies have explored herbicide effectiveness on A. crenata, with foliar applications of triclopyr amine or triclopyr ester typically referenced as the standard treatments. This study evaluated efficacy of eight foliar herbicide treatments and a nontreated check at three locations at 12 mo after the first treatment (12MAT1) and 12 mo after the second treatment (12MAT2) on established (greater than 8-cm high) and seedling (less than 8-cm high) A. crenata. Treatments were four triclopyr formulations: amine, ester, choline, and acid (all at 4.04 kg ae ha−1); imazamox (1.12 and 2.24 kg ae ha−1); flumioxazin (0.43 kg ai ha−1); and triclopyr amine plus flumioxazin (4.04 + 0.43 kg ae ha−1). At 12MAT1, triclopyr ester, the high rate of imazamox, and triclopyr acid resulted in greater control of established A. crenata than any other herbicide (68%, 66%, and 64%, respectively). At 12MAT2, all herbicides except flumioxazin resulted in some control of A. crenata. Triclopyr ester, triclopyr acid, and the high rate of imazamox provided 95%, 93%, and 92% control, respectively. Triclopyr choline did not perform as well as the acid or ester formulations, and the tank mix of flumioxazin and triclopyr amine did not improve control over triclopyr amine alone. This study identified triclopyr acid and imazamox (2.24 kg ae ha−1) as new options for A. crenata control and indicated variation in the performance among the four triclopyr formulations.
Chapter 27 – The Future

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the future prospects of energy. The energy future of the world is not clear, because both optimistic and pessimistic predictions have been made. The population growth of the world remains excessive, with growth rates in underdeveloped countries being highest. Nuclear power may play an important role in achieving sustainable development and in easing international energy tensions. Research and development are seen as key ingredients in the quest for adequate energy. Goals for the future are recycling and breeding, desalination with nuclear power, and the production of hydrogen for transportation both to help prevent global warming and to reduce the need for imported oil. The Very High Temperature Reactor is regarded as the best candidate for the next generation nuclear system.
Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation After Radiofrequency Ablation: What to Expect

Recurrent atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation is observed in up to 50% of patients within 3 months. Early and multiple recurrences predict late recurrences within 1 year, which occurs in 20% to 50% of patients. Although no consensus exists regarding patient selection and timing of redo ablation, we refer symptomatic patients with multiple recurrences and persistent atrial fibrillation for ablation. Reisolation of reconnected pulmonary veins and ablation of nonpulmonary vein triggers is the primary ablation strategy. In addition to repeat ablation, we recommend weight loss, treatment of sleep-disordered breathing, and management of comorbid conditions for durable maintenance of sinus rhythm.
Reflections on Study Strategy Modifications Using Cognitive Load Theory and Dual Processing Theory in the First Year of Medical School.

Navigating the beginning of medical school can be challenging for students. The new learning environment and the increased volume and complexity of information presented within a short period of time demand more efficient and effective study strategies. We describe the experience and perspective of a first-year medical student, as well as the adjustment of study strategies based on the application of cognitive load theory and dual processing theory. We provide practical approaches that promote intentional and individualized studying planning and better knowledge retention, which may also improve the wellbeing of the new medical students.
Metasequents and Tetravaluations

In this paper we treat metasequents—objects which stand to sequents as sequents stand to formulas—as first class logical citizens. To this end we provide a metasequent calculus, a sequent calculus which allows us to directly manipulate metasequents. We show that the various metasequent calculi we consider are sound and complete w.r.t. appropriate classes of tetravaluations where validity is understood locally. Finally we use our metasequent calculus to give direct syntactic proofs of various collapse results, closing a problem left open in French (Ergo, 3(5), 113–131 2016).
Social Support is Associated with Survival in Patients Diagnosed with Gastrointestinal Cancer.

The aim of this study was to examine the link between psychological, behavioral, and social factors and survival in patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer. A cohort of gastrointestinal cancer patients were administered a battery of questionnaires that assessed trauma, depression, social support, sleep, diet, exercise, quality of life, tobacco and alcohol use, pain, and fatigue. Analyses included Pearson’s correlations, analyses of variance, Kaplan Meier survival, and Cox regression analyses. Of the 568 patients, the majority were male (57.9%) and Caucasian (91.9%), with a mean age of 61 (S.D. = 10.7). The level of perceived social support was comparable to patients with other medical conditions. Sociodemographic predictors of social support included the number of years of education (r = 0.109, p = 0.05), marital status (F(6,387) = 5.465, p ≤ 0.001), and whether the patients’ income met the family’s basic needs (F(1,377) = 25.531, p < 0.001). Univariate analyses revealed that older age (p < 0.001), male gender (p = 0.007), being black (p = 0.005), diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (p = 0.046), higher body mass index (p = 0.022), larger tumor size (p = 0.032), initial treatment including chemotherapy rather than surgery (p < 0.001), and lower level of perceived social support (p = 0.037) were associated with poorer survival. Using multivariate Cox regression and adjusting for all factors found to be significant in univariate survival analyses, older age (p = 0.024) and lower perceived social support (HR = 0.441, 95% CI = 0.233, 0.833; p = 0.012) were the factors that remained significantly associated with poorer survival. There are several biological and psychosocial factors that predict cancer mortality. Social support appears to be a robust factor affecting mortality in gastrointestinal cancer patients.
The development of solid-state NMR of membrane proteins

Most biological functions are carried out in supramolecular assemblies. As a result of their slow reorientation in solution, these assemblies have been resistant to the widely employed solution NMR approaches. The development of solid-state NMR to first of all overcome the correlation time problem and then obtain informative high-resolution spectra of proteins in supramolecular assemblies, such as virus particles and membranes, is described here. High resolution solid-state NMR is deeply intertwined with the history of NMR, and the seminal paper was published in 1948. Although the general principles were understood by the end of the 1950s, it has taken more than fifty years for instrumentation and experimental methods to become equal to the technical problems presented by the biological assemblies of greatest interest. It is now possible to obtain atomic resolution structures of viral coat proteins in virus particles and membrane proteins in phospholipid bilayers by oriented sample solid-state NMR methods. The development of this aspect of the field of solid-state NMR is summarized in this review article.
Deep Ecology's contributions to social work: A ten-year retrospective

Besthorn FH. Deep Ecology's contributions to social work: A ten-year retrospective In the last decade, a new generation of social workers have made great strides incorporating environmental awareness into their theoretical formulations and practice modalities. This is a welcome development for a profession often conspicuously absent in the emerging international consensus that Earth's capacity to support life is in deep trouble. Beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, a few intrepid North American social workers began to raise the alarm concerning the scope and extent of environmental decline. Several social work scholars implored the profession to play a more active role in raising ecological awareness and take a seat at policy and practice forums debating environmental issues. Deep Ecology, founded by the late Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess, offers a comprehensive philosophical framework upon which social work might draw in the development of its conceptual orientations. This article examines the current manifestations of Deep Ecology as a philosophy and socio-political movement. It briefly assesses the evolution of social work's nascent interest in the natural environmental, examines historical precursors influencing Deep Ecology, reviews several key concepts of Deep Ecology, discusses ongoing applications of deep ecological ideas to several disciplines and suggests how deep ecological ideas might help inform social work's understanding of social justice.
Further Study is Needed to Define and Measure the Use of Reflective Practice in Library and Information Science

A review of: Grant, Maria J. “The Role of Reflection in the Library and Information Sector: A Systematic Review.” Health Information and Libraries Journal (2007) 24: 155-166. Objectives - To identify and review the literature of reflective practice in Library and Information Science (LIS) in order to understand its role, particularly with regard to health libraries. Design - Systematic review Setting - LIS English-language articles indexed in the Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) database and published between 1969 and 2006. Subjects - 929 citations retrieved from the LISA database. Methods - The author conducted free text searches in the LISA database for the terms ‘reflective’ or ‘reflection*’ or ‘reflexion*.’ An initial search series was conducted in 2004 in order to retrieve items published between 1969-2003, then in 2007, for articles published between 2004-2006. In all, 929 article citations were retrieved. Exclusion criteria included those articles addressing the facilitation of reflective practices in others, as well as non-English language, and materials predating 1969. After review, 55 articles met the author’s relevance standard. Citation tracking then added 10 articles to the total. From this dataset, full text articles were obtained where possible, if determined on initial scrutiny to be deserving of further examination. Thirteen articles (.013%) were ultimately selected for analysis. These articles were categorized as analytical or non-analytical, with respect to perspective (individual or organizational), and recency of events (retrospective or recent). In addition, a determination was made about whether the articles’ focus was reflection occurring on (in retrospect to) or in (during) practice. Main results - Of 13 articles, 5 were found to be non-analytical, with the other 6 being analytical. Three of the non-analytical items were the reflections of an individual, while the remaining 2 offered an organizational perspective. The non-analytical accounts were found to be mostly descriptive accounts by an individual, mostly retrospective and offering no consideration of implications for LIS practice. Analytical reflective accounts attempt to systematically appraise events from the recent past, and draw conclusions in order to improve future actions. Conclusion – A gradual increase in the use of analytical reflective practice is demonstrated over the period from 1969-2006, although insufficient examples of the practice were found in the published literature. Reflective practice is likely to be beneficial to LIS practitioners, especially when time is spent in considering the implications of lessons learned from practice.
Latent ectopic pulmonary choriocarcinoma associated with renal cell carcinoma

Abstract A case of latent ectopic pulmonary choriocarcinoma associated with renal cell carcinoma is reported. The pulmonary choriocarcinoma appeared in a 48-year-old woman, 26 years after her last pregnancy and 8 years after a total hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy. The various possible mechanisms of latent ectopic choriocarcinoma are discussed.
A probabilistic approach to crack instability

A probabilistic model of brittle fracture is examined with reference to two-dimensional problems. The model is illustrated by using experimental data obtained for 25 macroscopically identical specimens made of short-fiber-reinforced composites. It is shown that the model proposed here provides a predictive formalism for the probability distributions of critical crack depth, critical loads, and crack arrest depths. It also provides similarity criteria for small-scale testing.
Preparation and characterization of lithium thio-germanate thin film electrolytes grown by RF sputtering for solid state Li-ion batteries

In this study, lithium thio-germanate thin amorphous films were prepared as electrolytes for lithium rechargeable batteries by RF sputtering deposition in Ar atmosphere. The targets for RF sputtering were prepared by milling the appropriate amounts of the starting materials in the nLi2S+GeS2(n = 1, 2, and 3), Li2GeS3, Li4GeS4 and Li6GeS5, binary system. The ~1 μm thin film electrolytes were grown onto a variety of substrates using 50 W power and 25 mtorr gas pressure. Films were sputtered in inactive Ar atmospheres. IR, Raman spectroscopy and XRD were used to characterize the chemical bonding and the local structures in the films. XPS spectroscopy was used to further characterize the composition and electronic structures of the films. Ionic conductivity measurements of the electrolyte film using impedance spectroscopy were used to examine the Li2S dependence of the conductivity. The conductivities of the thin films at 25 C is 1.7 × 10 (S/cm). This ionic conductivities of the thin films are two order magnitude higher than oxide thin films (LiPON) which are commercial thin film electrolytes. Therefore, lithium thio-germanate thin film electrolytes are very promising materials for use Li-ion batteries.
What is the role of flap reconstruction in salvage total laryngectomy

BACKGROUND Given the results of the Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group investigations in the 1990s and the subsequent publication of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 91-11 (RTOG 91-11) study in 2003, treatment for advanced staged laryngeal carcinoma has focused on organ preservation strategies involving chemotherapy and radiation. Analysis of these studies reveals that pharyngocutaneous fistula occurred in at least 30% percent of patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy, and other series have reported even higher fistula rates after organ preservation treatment. Development of a postoperative fistula is a multifactorial process, and the surgeon’s assessment of the patient’s clinical situation could help select those patients who are at a higher risk for fistula development. Fistula development results in increased hospitalization, time before initiation of an oral diet, and use of healthcare resources. Investigators have reported decreased fistula rates following salvage laryngectomy when using flap reconstruction. In addition, patients with primary flap reconstructions that did develop fistulas healed at a faster rate than those without primary flap reconstruction. Reconstructions in these salvage laryngectomy surgeries have involved free flaps or pedicled myocutaneous flaps. This review will seek to answer the question of best practice with regard to flap reconstruction of laryngectomy defects for salvage laryngectomy following failed organ preservation treatment.