cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Death as Gendered Genocide: The Fate of Women and Children

This paper uses two contemporary ethnic genocides to underscore the impacts of war on women described in biblical texts, particularly Num. 31:17-18, Judges 21, and Deuteronomy 21. The analysis uncovers gendered patterns of warfare aimed at group annihilation. Rape and other forms of gender-targeted violence are intentional means of diluting the purity of the victims’ group that result in the social death of women, an erasure of their past identities. The identities of children born from intermarriages of victims and conquerors are contested in light of connections among patrilineal descent, virginity, and purity. The concept of contested identity is important also for interpreting the stories of Hagar, Ruth, and Esther. Comparative study of these texts makes apparent how women in the biblical world suffer particular consequences during warfare that otherwise would seem to be only ethnic or tribal in nature.
Time for a different story

The older generation has not done what is necessary to avert the threat posed by climate change. They cannot, as some hope, wait for a more environmentally aware generation to follow and solve the problem. And yet children do have a role to play as they have the ability to influence the environmental attitudes of adults for the better
Effect of Elevated-Temperature Irradiation on Hastelloy N

The tensile properties of Hastelloy N have been determined after irradiation at 700° C to a dose level of 7 × 1020 n/cm2 (E > 1 MeV) and 9 × 1020 n/cm2 (thermal). The strength and ductility of the ...
A monoclonal IgM with antibodylike specificity for phospholipids in a patient with lymphoma.

Both murine and human myeloma proteins have been shown to have antibodylike activity for serum lipoproteins. We studied a 58-yr-old woman (M.L.) with a lymphoma and a VDRL titer of 1:4096 and a nonreactive FTA-ABS. Serum electrophoresis revealed an M-component which was shown to be IgM-kappa by immunoelectrophoresis and 2-mercaptoethanol treatment of the serum reduced the VDRL titer to 1:64. Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) of the purified IgM against sonicates of the specific components of the VDRL antigen (cardiolipin, lecithin, cholesterol) produced a precipitin line with both cardiolipin and lecithin. All IgM in the serum could be removed by absorption with cardiolipin, and elution experiments demonstrated the specificity of this reaction. A quantitative precipitin test demonstrated that at the point of equivalence, 0.009 mg of antigen (cardiolipin) reacted with 0.4 mg of IgM (antibody). Additional studies showed that purified IgM (M.L.) gave a positive reaction with nine of 15 phospholipids tested. Similar studies on sera from 50 normal individuals, ten patient’s sera without M-components giving false positive VDRL reactions, and serum from one patient with a congenital absence of IgA and IgG and increased IgM showed no evidence of such a precipitin reaction with any phospholipid tested. Thus, it appeared that the IgM-kappa monoclonal protein behaved like an antibody directed against specific phospholipid antigenic components. The role of lipid antigens in the initiation of such neoplastic and immunologic abberrations should be further investigated and monoclonal proteins screened more extensively against such antigens.
A More Unified Administration: Of College Health, Required Physical Education, and Athletics

(1933). A More Unified Administration. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 7-59.
Schoolteachers' and Administrators' Perceptions of Concussion Management and Implementation of Return-to-Learn Guideline.

BACKGROUND Concussions are a public health concern and concussion management in school requires a team approach. We examined schoolteachers' and administrators' perceptions of concussions, management, and implementation of return-to-learn (RTL) guidelines. METHODS We audio-recorded and transcribed semistructured interviews with teachers (N = 16) and administrators (N = 6) from a public school system. We analyzed data using an analytic induction and constant comparison approach. RESULTS Two themes emerged: different understanding, and school context. Participants with no sport coaching experience were less familiar with concussions than those who coached a sport. Participants with personal experience with concussions were more sympathetic toward concussed students' needs. Teachers expressed feeling ill-equipped to implement RTL guidelines without specific instructions in the complex school environment. However, school administrators had minimal understanding of teacher-described challenges. CONCLUSIONS Teachers and administrators recognize that concussions are a health concern, but differ in their perceptions of concussions, management, and implementation of RTL guidelines. Personal experiences mediate individual perceptions about concussions. The daily realities of a school environment complicate teachers' capacity to implement RTL guidelines. Conversely, school administrators did not express awareness of any challenges with concussion management. To best facilitate students' recovery schools should include all stakeholders when devising concussion management policies.
Harmonic Functions and Applications

There are many important applications of complex analysis to real-world problems. The ones studied in this chapter are related to the fundamental differential equation $$\begin{aligned} \varDelta u=\frac{\partial ^2 u}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial ^2 u}{\partial y^2}=0, \end{aligned}$$ known as Laplace’s equation. This partial differential equation models phenomena in engineering and physics, such as steady-state temperature distributions, electrostatic potentials, and fluid flow, just to name a few. A real-valued function that satisfies Laplace’s equation is said to be harmonic. There is an intimate relationship between harmonic and analytic functions. This is investigated in Section 6.1 along with other fundamental properties of harmonic functions.
Student Success in Online and Hybrid Courses

In recent years, there has been more of an emphasis on student success in colleges and universities. This paper is a comparison of student success, specifically course completion, in an introductory programming course. Three sections of the course were offered in two consecutive semesters. The same instructor taught each section each term. One section of the course was taught completely online; the other two sections were hybrid courses: a blend of online and classroom instruction. To help improve student success, some new strategies were added to the course in the second semester. Statistics show that course completion improved in the second semester, particularly in the online course section.
Geospatial Analysis of Birth Records to Target Programming for Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Michigan, 2013.

Objectives:The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the United States has increased during the past several decades. The objective of this study was to use birth records and a combin...
SMALL-LABS: Measuring Single-Molecule Intensity and Position in Obscuring Backgrounds

Abstract Single-molecule and super-resolution imaging relies on successful, sensitive, and accurate detection of the emission from fluorescent molecules. Yet, despite the widespread adoption of super-resolution microscopies, single-molecule data processing algorithms can fail to provide accurate measurements of the brightness and position of molecules in the presence of backgrounds that fluctuate significantly over time and space. Thus, samples or experiments that include obscuring backgrounds can severely, or even completely, hinder this process. To date, no general data analysis approach to this problem has been introduced that is capable of removing obscuring backgrounds for a wide variety of experimental modalities. To address this need, we present the Single-Molecule Accurate LocaLization by LocAl Background Subtraction (SMALL-LABS) algorithm, which can be incorporated into existing single-molecule and super-resolution analysis packages to accurately locate and measure the intensity of single molecules, regardless of the shape or brightness of the background. Accurate background subtraction is enabled by separating the foreground from the background based on differences in the temporal variations of the foreground and the background (i.e., fluorophore blinking, bleaching, or moving). We detail the function of SMALL-LABS here, and we validate the SMALL-LABS algorithm on simulated data as well as real data from single-molecule imaging in living cells.
Impact of Heart Rate and Left Ventricular Mass on Survival Following Heart Transplantation

Purpose Small studies suggest increased left ventricular (LV) mass and resting heart rate (HR)are associated with increased mortality following heart transplantation. We aimed to validate these prior findings and determine if resting HR is correlated with increased LV mass. Methods Retrospective chart review was conducted on 326 consecutive patients following heart transplantation at a single transplant center. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate correlation between HR and LV mass. Transplant free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival was compared between groups using the log rank test. Results A total of 326 consecutive heart transplant patients between September 2005 and July 2018 were identified. The average age was 53.6 (± 14.3) years old, 238 patients (73%) were male, and the median follow-up time was 3.7 years. The average HR was 93 (12) beats per minute (BPM) at 1 month and 95 (12) BPM at 1 year. The average LV mass index was 87.1 g/m2 (21.8) at 1 month and 79.2 g/m2 (17.6) at 1 year. No correlation was present between HR and LV mass at 1 month (r=-0.25) or 1 year (r=-0.07). Stratification by resting HR at 1 year (HR ≥ 90 vs Conclusion Resting HR and LV mass following heart transplant were not correlated in our patient cohort. While a trend toward reduced survival in patients with a HR ≥ 90 bpm at 1 year was present, further research is needed to determine whether treatment targeting HR reduction would result in improved survival.
Testing the Validity of an Internal Power Theory of Interpersonal Violence

The assertion that the motive behind battering is "power and control" is commonly accepted. Indeed, the most commonly cited "theory" behind Batterer Intervention Programs, a primary criminal justice system response to domestic violence, is that domestic violence offenders are motivated by their need to obtain "power and control." However, this theory has not been fully developed or empirically tested. Researchers have argued for the need to turn attention back to developing better theoretical models with clear conceptualizations and operationalizations of the power construct. Wagers articulated such a theory and introduced a "super construct" called internal power. This article seeks to further develop and empirically test Wagers's theory. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to examine the viability of the internal power construct, and structural equation modeling is used to test the relationship between the internal power factor and self-reported interpersonal abusive behaviors. Findings indicate internal power is a viable construct that warrants further exploration and offer preliminary support for internal power theory as an explanation of intimate partner violence.
Maxwell's methodology of estimating effective properties: Alive and well.

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive review of the far-field-based methodology of estimation of the effective properties of multi-phase composites that was pioneered by Maxwell in 1873 in the context of effective electrical conductivity of a particle-reinforced material. Maxwell suggested that a cluster of particles embedded in an infinite medium subjected to a uniform electrical field has the same far-field asymptotic as an equivalent sphere whose conductivity is equal to the effective one; this yields closed-form formula for the effective conductivity. Our review focuses on subsequent developments of Maxwell’s idea in various applications and on its range of applicability. The conclusion is that, 145 years later, the methodology is still alive and well.
Predictors of preoperative endovascular embolization of meningiomas: subanalysis of anatomic location and arterial supply.

Introduction Endovascular embolization of intracranial meningiomas is commonly used as an adjunct to surgical resection. We sought to describe the anatomic locations and vascular supplies of meningiomas to identify characteristics predictive of successful preoperative endovascular embolization. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 139 meningioma cases receiving cerebral angiograms for possible preoperative endovascular embolization at our institution between December 2000 and March 2017. The extent of embolization, arterial supply, anatomic location, and procedural complications were recorded for each case. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify tumor characteristics that predicted successful embolization. Results Of the total meningioma patients undergoing preoperative angiography, 78% (108/139) were successfully embolized, with a 2.8% periprocedural complication rate (3/108). Within the subset of patients with successful embolization, 31% (33/108) achieved complete angiographic embolization. Significant multivariate predictors of embolization (either partial or complete) were convexity/parasagittal locations (OR 5.15, 95% CI 0.93 to 28.54, p=0.060), meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT, OR 4.65, 95% CI 1.63 to 13.23, p=0.004), middle meningeal artery (MMA, OR 10.89, 95% CI 3.43 to 34.64, p Conclusions Tumor characteristics can be used to predict the likelihood of preoperative meningioma embolization. Parasagittal and convexity meningiomas, and those with APA supply, are most likely to achieve complete angiographic embolization.
Proapoptotic protein BIM as a novel prognostic marker in mantle cell lymphoma

Summary Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Numerous studies have demonstrated many genetic aberrations in MCL in addition to the characteristic t(11:14), including frequent biallelic deletions of Bim, a proapoptotic member of the BCL-2 family. In mice, Bim deletion coupled with cyclin D1 overexpression generates pathologic and molecular features of human MCL. Since the regulation of apoptosis is crucial in MCL pathogenesis, we hypothesize that BIM expression may be associated with tumor cell survival. Clinical data and tissue from 100 nodal MCL cases between 1988 and 2009 were collected from three large academic medical centers. The average patient age of our MCL cohort was 65.5 years old (range, 42-97) with a 2:1 male to female ratio. Immunohistochemistry was performed with a validated anti-BIM antibody. Patients were separated into low and high BIM-expressing categories with a cutoff of 80%. As expected for a proapoptotic tumor suppressor, patients with high BIM expression were less likely to have progressive disease and more likely to have a complete response (P = .022). In addition, high BIM-expressing MCL tumors revealed a trend toward increased overall survival with this trend persisting in sub-analysis of Ann Arbor stages III and IV. No correlation between BIM expression, Ki-67 index, and MIPI score was observed, suggesting a role for BIM as a novel independent prognostic factor. While BIM is only one member of a complex family of apoptosis-regulating proteins, these findings may yield clinically relevant information for the prognosis and therapeutic susceptibility of MCL.
Selective Catalytic Chemistry at Rhodium(II) Nodes in Bimetallic Metal–Organic Frameworks

We report the first study of a gas-phase reaction catalyzed by highly dispersed sites at the metal nodes of a crystalline metal-organic framework (MOF). Specifically, CuRhBTC (BTC3- =benzenetricarboxylate) exhibited hydrogenation activity, while other isostructural monometallic and bimetallic MOFs did not. Our multi-technique characterization identifies the oxidation state of Rh in CuRhBTC as +2, which is a Rh oxidation state that has not previously been observed for crystalline MOF metal nodes. These Rh2+ sites are active for the catalytic hydrogenation of propylene to propane at room temperature, and the MOF structure stabilizes the Rh2+ oxidation state under reaction conditions. Density functional theory calculations suggest a mechanism in which hydrogen dissociation and propylene adsorption occur at the Rh2+ sites. The ability to tailor the geometry and ensemble size of the metal nodes in MOFs allows for unprecedented control of the active sites and could lead to significant advances in rational catalyst design.
FineText: Text Classification via Attention-based Language Model Fine-tuning.

Training deep neural networks from scratch on natural language processing (NLP) tasks requires significant amount of manually labeled text corpus and substantial time to converge, which usually cannot be satisfied by the customers. In this paper, we aim to develop an effective transfer learning algorithm by fine-tuning a pre-trained language model. The goal is to provide expressive and convenient-to-use feature extractors for downstream NLP tasks, and achieve improvement in terms of accuracy, data efficiency, and generalization to new domains. Therefore, we propose an attention-based fine-tuning algorithm that automatically selects relevant contextualized features from the pre-trained language model and uses those features on downstream text classification tasks. We test our methods on six widely-used benchmarking datasets, and achieve new state-of-the-art performance on all of them. Moreover, we then introduce an alternative multi-task learning approach, which is an end-to-end algorithm given the pre-trained model. By doing multi-task learning, one can largely reduce the total training time by trading off some classification accuracy.
Durational characteristics of vocal and subvocal speech: implications concerning phonological organization and articulatory difficulty

Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether phonetic sequences which are considered to be “difficult” to articulate show evidence of difficulties at an organizational level and/or at the level of overt articulation. In the first experiment, subjects produced rapid vocal and subvocal repetitions of a variety of bi-syllabic stimuli that were judged to differ in articulatory difficulty (e.g. “toy boat” vs. “tow boat”). With each repetition of a stimulus, subjects tapped on the silent switch of a response box in order to provide a measure of stimulus duration. A substantial range of durations was observed across both the vocal and the subvocal stimuli, suggesting that some stimuli were indeed more difficult to repeat than others. In addition, stimuli which were found to be longer in duration in the vocal condition also tended to be longer in the subvocal condition. This was interpreted as an indication that certain words are difficult to produce not only due to articulatory (i.e. execution) factors, but also due to planning factors. In the second experiment, subjects performed a task similar to that of the first experiment, except that they repeated the individual monosyllables which made up the bi-syllabic stimuli of Experiment 1 (e.g. “tow,” “toy,” “boat,” etc.). Bi-syllabic stimulus durations were then obtained in Experiment 2 by adding the durations of appropriate monosyllables together (e.g. “toy” + “boat”). Based on comparisons that were made between the “summed” bi-syllables of Experiment 2 and the original bi-syllables of Experiment 1, it was concluded that words such as “toy boat” (vs. “tow boat”) are difficult to produce not so much because of properties of the particular segments they consist of, but because of “interference” effects among various segments. One of the primary sources of this interference seemed to be a result of similar segments occurring in similar syllable positions.
Legal Literacy and Communication Skills: Working with Law and Lawyers (Chapter 1)

Legal Literacy and Communication Skills: Working with Law and Lawyers is a first-of-its-kind text, designed expressly for students in Juris Master, Master of Jurisprudence, and Master of Legal Studies programs. This book empowers students coming from fields such as risk management, regulatory compliance, human resources, and contract management—but whose professional background is outside of law. They will obtain a foundational understanding of the U.S. legal system, along with insight into what lawyers do. Legal Literacy and Communication Skills covers key concepts, including: * Understanding the roles of legislatures, agencies, and courts * Recognizing and using basic legal vocabulary in context * Reading a variety of legal documents efficiently and effectively * Writing law-related reports and correspondence * Reading and understanding the function of primary sources of law, including statutes, regulations, and cases * Understanding the basic elements of a contract and participating in contracting processes * Recognizing and avoiding the unauthorized practice of law. Students will develop skills to help them find and use legal information for themselves or as part of a collaborative project. The text includes exercises built around an ongoing case study and helpful “Traditions and Trends” commentary, which puts today’s legal landscape into a broader context. This excerpt includes the table of contents for the entire book, along with Chapter 1, "Foundations of Legal Literacy." The opening chapter describes the broad outline of the book, including its pedagogical and theoretical framework for bringing legal analysis and skills education to an audience that, for many law schools, is a new and growing piece of their educational mission of reaching professionals in fields adjacent to the traditional legal profession.
Wavelet-enriched adaptive hierarchical FE model for coupled crystal plasticity-phase field modeling of crack propagation in polycrystalline microstructures

Abstract This paper develops a novel, wavelet-enriched adaptive finite element model for solving coupled crystal plasticity-phase field models to simulate crack propagation in polycrystalline microstructures . No a-priori assumption of the crack path is needed. Crack propagation under conditions of finite deformation is driven by stored elastic energy that accounts for material anisotropy and tension–compression asymmetry, and defect energy resulting from slip system dislocation glide and hardening. The resulting finite element model is capable of simulating both brittle and ductile crack propagation in material microstructures . A major contribution of this work is the creation of the adaptive, multi-resolution wavelet-based hierarchical enrichment of the FE model. The adapted enrichment follows the path of crack growth and is able to successfully overcome the challenges of high resolution required for the regularized crack in the coupled model. The multi-resolution wavelet basis functions adaptively construct optimal enrichment basis for the high gradients in the phase field order parameter near the crack path. The wavelet-enriched adaptive finite element model is found to be robust with excellent convergence characteristics in multiple validation tests conducted with the polycrystalline Ti–6V–4Al alloy.
Clinical Uses and Impacts of Emergency Manuals During Perioperative Crises.

Background Performing key actions efficiently during crises can determine clinical outcomes, yet even expert clinicians omit key actions. Simulation-based studies of crises show that correct performance of key actions dramatically increases when emergency manuals (EMs) are used. Despite widespread dissemination of EMs, there is a need to understand in clinical contexts, when, how, and how often EMs are used and not used, along with perceived impacts. Methods We conducted interviews with the anesthesia professionals involved in perioperative crises, identified with criterion-based sampling, occurring between October 2014 and May 2016 at 2 large academic medical centers with a history of EM training and implementation. Our convergent, mixed-methods study of the interview data extracted quantitative counts and qualitative themes of EM use and nonuse during clinical crises. Results Interviews with 53 anesthesia professionals yielded 80 descriptions of applicable clinical crises, with varying durations and event types. Of 69 unique patients whose cases involved crises, the EM was used during 37 (54%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 41-66). Impacts on clinician team members included decreased stress for individual anesthesia professionals (95%), enabled teamwork (73%), and calmed atmosphere (46%). Impacts on delivery of patient care included specific action improvements, including catching errors of omission, for example, turning off anesthetic during cardiac arrest, only after EM use (59%); process improvements, for example, double-checking all actions were completed (41%); and impediments (0%). In 8% of crises, EM use was associated with potential distractions, although none were perceived to harm delivery of patient care. For 32 EM nonuses (46%; 95% CI, 34-59), participants self-identified errors of omission or delays in key actions (56%), all key actions performed (13%), and crisis too brief for EM to be used (31%). Conclusions This study provides evidence that EMs in operating rooms are being used during many applicable crises and that clinicians perceive EM use to add value. The reported negative effects were minimal and potentially offset by positive effects.
Blind Persons in Data Processing: The Attitude of Industry:

□ In summary, the introduction of blind persons into the field of data processing gives us much to take satisfaction in and much to be proud of. We must, however, work toward the day when the prese...
Greening Reliability of Virtual Network Functions via Online Optimization

The fast development of virtual network functions (VNFs) brings new challenges to providing reliability. The widely adopted approach of deploying backups incurs financial costs and environmental impacts. On the other hand, the recent trend of incorporating renewable energy into computing systems provides great potentials, yet the volatility of renewable energy generation presents significant operational challenges. In this paper, we optimize availability of VNFs under a limited backup budget and renewable energy using a dynamic strategy GVB. GVB applies a novel online algorithm to solve the VNF reliability optimization problem with non-stationary energy generation and VNF failures. Both theoretical bound and extensive simulation results highlight that GVB provides higher reliability compared with existing baselines.
Case 40-2020: A 24-Year-Old Man with Headache and Covid-19.

A Man with Headache and Covid-19 A 24-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a 3-week history of headache and a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. MRI showed multiple small hyperintense foci...
A Radical Interactionist’s Theory of Societal Change: Going beyond Park

A major blind spot in the development of a radical interactionist’s perspective is the lack of an explanation of societal change, whether it be revolutionary or only reformatory in scope. Robert Park began to develop a cyclical theory of societal change, but he was unable to finish it. Nevertheless, in our development of a theory of societal change from a radical interactionist’s perspective, we were able to follow up and launch this project with the valuable clues that he left behind. First, we expanded the number of phases in his cycle from three to five, so that each type of social interaction that he and Burgess identified could be incorporated under one of the different phases. Second, the cycle was refined to operate on a contingent rather than a strictly deterministic model allowing the occurrence of a truncated cycle. Next, we filled-in various missing details needed for this cycle’s on going operation, such as circular reaction, social contagion, and social unrest. Fourth, we drew on his distinction between “societies” and “communities” to demarcate clear-cut starting, mid- and end points of the expanded cycle. Fifth, we replaced his dated notion of dominance with the newer and more nuanced one of domination, as well as updated his conception of the dynamics of super-ordination by incorporating the role of power within it. By improving on Park’s ideas in these different ways, it was demonstrated that unlike symbolic interactionism, radical interactionism squarely addresses societal change on both the micro- and macroscopic planes. Unlike functionalist and conflict theories of social change, it stresses cooperation as much as conflagration.
Optimal Adaptive Regulation of Uncertain Linear Continuous-time Systems with State and Input Delays

In this paper, the optimal adaptive regulation of uncertain linear continuous-time systems with state and input delays is introduced using state feedback. First, an adaptive identifier is proposed to estimate the system dynamics. Subsequently, by using a quadratic cost function, a Bellman type equation is derived to obtain the optimal regulation via stationarity condition. Finally, the adaptive identifier and the optimal approach are integrated together to design the optimal adaptive regulator in the presence of uncertain system dynamics. The Lyapunov theory is utilized to show the boundedness of the state vector, parameter estimation and identification errors when the initial parameters lie within a compact set. A simulation example is employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Novel Approach to Design 3D Models in Medical Education.

In this paper, we describe a novel process for creating high-resolution, 3D PDF, 3D printed, and holographic anatomic and pathology models using inexpensive consumer grade electronics, which can be incorporated in any undergraduate or graduate medical school curriculum.
Abstract P51: Temporal Changes In Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoform Expression And Function In Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke Prone Rats

Introduction: Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). NO is produced by three NO synthase (NOS) isoforms including endothelial (eNOS), neu...
A Novel Approach to Dose De-Escalation in HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Chemoradiotherapy Utilizing Adaptive Planning Based on Voxel-Level FDG Response.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Definitive chemoradiation for HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ OPC) is associated with high cure rates, but also with significant patient morbidity. Using previously described techniques to create heterogenous radiotherapy dose level selection, combined with data from patients followed by serial FDG-PET/CT during definitive chemoradiation, we generated hypothetical adaptive radiation plans with the goal of decreasing dose to normal tissues while maintaining equivalent local control. MATERIALS/METHODS Five patients with HPV+ OPC enrolled on a prospective single-institution protocol with serial FDG-PET/CT imaging during the course of definitive chemoradiation were analyzed. Two radiotherapy plans were then generated for each patient: one in which gross disease was prescribed a uniform dose of 60 Gy, and a second using adaptive tumor response to progressively reduce the prescription dose to gross disease in a heterogenous fashion. Voxel-level changes in FDG avidity were combined with a previously described tumor voxel control probability model to guide dose de-escalation in radiosensitive regions of tumor while maintaining equivalent local control. Dose accumulation to nearby organs at risk (OARs), incorporating changes due to progressive de-escalation, were then compared for the two sets of plans using the paired samples Wilcoxon test. RESULTS The de-escalated plans created using voxel-level tumor response resulted in treatment plans with significantly reduced dose to all evaluated OARs. Significant improvements included a decreased spinal cord maximum dose, brainstem maximum dose, parotoid gland mean dose, constrictor muscle mean and maximum dose, and mandible maximum dose (P = 0.03). Projected tumor control probability remained high, despite de-escalation of dose in PET-sensitive areas of gross disease. CONCLUSION Adaptive FDG-PET response can be used to guide de-escalation to reduce dose to nearby OARs. Using a novel technique for dose selection based on voxel-level tumor response, heterogeneous de-escalation can further reduce toxicity while maintaining optimal local control in most patients with HPV+ OPC. This concept will be used to design a non-randomized prospective trial investigating the role of heterogeneous de-escalation in this patient population.
Palliative Radiation for Pulmonary Widespread Disease

A 41-year-old woman had an adrenal carcinoma removed 2 years ago and was subsequently put on chemotherapy for liver metastases which failed. She then underwent a partial hepatectomy. One morning she coughed two cups of blood, and a bronchoscopy showed blood coming from the basal segment of the right lower lobe. Chest radiographs showed widespread pulmonary metastases with a large mass in the medial segment of the right lower lobe.
Boronnitrogen compounds : LXXXIX. New boron derivatives of pyrazole and imidazole

Abstract New monomeric N -borylated pyrazole and imidazole derivatives have been synthesized and some of their characteristic features have been explored. The suggested structures are supported by spectroscopic data.
Cellulose Metabolism by the Termite Flagellate Trichomitopsis termopsidis

The end products of cellulose metabolism by the trichomonad flagellate Trichomitopsis termopsidis from the termite Zootermopsis sp. were investigated by growing axenic flagellates on [14C]cellulose. The growth of T. termopsidis resulted in the release of label into the supernatant fraction of the culture fluid, and > 75% was volatile under acid conditions. The label was analyzed for 14CO2 and for [14C]volatile compounds by vacuum distillation under acid and alkaline conditions in disposable micro-distillation vessels. The distillate and undistilled culture supernatant fluid were chromatographed on cellulose thin layers to identify the labeled end product. T. termopsidis produced 14CO2 and [14C]acetate which accounted for 25 to 30% and 55 to 60% of the labeled end products, respectively. The ratio of label in CO2 to acetate suggests that they are produced in equimolar amounts. No neutral volatile compounds were produced. The remaining unidentified end product (10 to 20%) was not volatile nor extractable into ether. Hydrogen was produced by T. termopsidis, and the cells were killed by the drug metronidazole. Enzymatic activities were found which account for these end products: pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and hydrogenase. The results indicate that acetate is the end product of T. termopsidis cellulose metabolism and is available to the termite for energy metabolism and biosynthesis.
Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) as a quantitative pharmacodynamic parameter for tacrolimus

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a family of transcription factors involved in regulating the immune response. The canonical NFAT pathway is calcium-dependent and upon activation, NFAT is dephosphorylated by the phosphatase, calcineurin. This results in its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and transcription of downstream target genes that include the cytokines IL-2, IL-10, and IFNγ. Calcineurin inhibitors including tacrolimus inhibit the NFAT pathway and are used as immunosuppressants in transplant settings to prevent graft rejection. There is, as yet, no direct means to monitor tacrolimus pharmacodynamics. In this study, a rapid, quantitative, image cytometry-based measurement of nuclear translocation of NFAT1 is used to evaluate NFAT activation in T cells and its tacrolimus-induced inhibition. A strong dose-dependent correlation between NFAT1 inhibition and tacrolimus dose is demonstrated in vitro. Time kinetic analysis of NFAT1 inhibition in plasma from stable renal transplant recipients before and after an in vivo dose with tacrolimus correlated with the expected pharmacokinetic profile of tacrolimus. This was further corroborated by analysis of patients' autologous CD4 and CD8 T cells. This is the first report to show that the measurement of NFAT1 activation potential by nuclear translocation can be used as a direct, sensitive, reproducible and quantitative pharmacodynamic readout for tacrolimus action. These results, and the rapid turnaround time for this assay, warrant its evaluation in a larger clinical setting to assess its role in therapeutic drug monitoring of calcineurin inhibitors.
Lectures on curves on varieties -- Lisbon, 2009

These lectures give a short introduction to the study of curves on algebraic varieties. After an elementary proof of the dimension formula for the space of curves, we summarize the basic properties of uniruled and of rationally connected varieties. At the end, some connections with symplectic geometry are considered.
Unique Protein Moieties for 30S and 50S Ribosomes of Escherichia coli

Each major component of the proteins of 30S ribosomes from Escherichia coli was compared with the proteins of 50S ribosomes. The comparisons were done by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in urea with differentially labeled proteins. The data show that no major protein is common to both ribosomes.
Diluvios de grandeza: agua, territorio y poder en el río Mayo en el noroeste de México, 1880-1910

El actual distrito de riego 038 o valle del Mayo, que forma parte del espacio de riego del noroeste de Mexico, surge de luchas historicas por construir un orden oficial en un mundo diverso de signos, simbolos, procesos, lugares y personas. Es el hogar ancestral de los yoremes (mayos), un grupo indigena para el que la colonizacion y el desarrollo agricola han significado la perdida de autonomia y de la movilidad estacional que requieren para subsistir en un terreno arido. Es el lugar donde nacio el presidente Alvaro Obregon, otrora productor de garbanzo, que transformo las practicas de riego de fines del siglo XIX en las leyes e instituciones para la administracion del agua del siglo XX. Reconfigurar el territorio con el fin de centralizar ("federalizar") los recursos hidricos ha probado ser excesivamente dificil en la zona del Mayo, pero esto fue asi en particular al inicio del proceso de federalizacion, una epoca de modernizacion dinamica bajo la direccion del presidente Porfirio Diaz (1876-1910). La investigacion sobre la politica hidraulica de Mexico, con algunas importantes excepciones, ha tendido a enfocarse en la centralizacion. Los estudiosos le han prestado menor atencion a los momentos y lugares en los que el agua escapa al control de las autoridades. Este trabajo explora la importancia de la administracion del agua (y mas ampliamente la formacion del Estado) a finales del siglo XIX, en visperas de la Revolucion Mexicana de 1910, como una serie continua, siempre incipiente de derechos y proyectos relativos a las tierras. Entender las debilidades e incompetencias de dichos proyectos ofrece un discernimiento crucial acerca de la politica hidraulica posrevolucionaria o contemporanea
PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF THE EXTRACELLULAR HEMOLYSIN OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Berk, Richard S. (Wayne State University, College of Medicine, Detroit, Mich.). Partial purification of the extracellular hemolysin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 88:559–565. 1964.—Through a series of chemical fractionation steps, the extracellular hemolysin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was purified 126-fold with a recovery of 49%. Hemolytic activity of crude preparations was irreversibly lost upon contact with anionic exchange materials such as diethylaminoethyl Sephadex or ECTEOLA-Cellulose, but traveled with the solvent front during passage through Sephadex G-200 and carboxymethyl Sephadex. The hemolysin was soluble in water and ethanol, and was partially extractable with ether, but not with trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon). Although normal serum and serum albumin blocked hemolytic activity, it was unaffected by trypsin, deoxyribonuclease, or ribonuclease. Partially purified hemolysin was studied in vivo, but did not exert dermonecrotic activity in mice or rabbits in the concentrations tested. Although preparations were toxic to mice, lethality appeared to be more a reflection of the nonhemolytic protein content of the preparations rather than of hemolytic activity.
Fully Coupled Well Models for Fluid Injection and Production

Abstract Wells are the primary engineered component of geologic sequestration systems with deep subsurface reservoirs. Wells provide a conduit for injecting greenhouse gases and producing reservoirs fluids, such as brines, natural gas, and crude oil, depending on the target reservoir. Well trajectories, well pressures, and fluid flow rates are parameters over which well engineers and operators have control during the geologic sequestration process. Current drilling practices provide well engineers flexibility in designing well trajectories and controlling screened intervals. Injection pressures and fluids can be used to purposely fracture the reservoir formation or to purposely prevent fracturing. Numerical simulation of geologic sequestration processes involves the solution of multifluid transport equations within heterogeneous geologic media. These equations that mathematically describe the flow of fluid through the reservoir formation are nonlinear in form, requiring linearization techniques to resolve. In actual geologic settings, fluid exchange between a well and reservoir is a function of local pressure gradients, fluid saturations, and formation characteristics. In numerical simulators, fluid exchange between a well and reservoir can be specified using a spectrum of approaches that vary from totally ignoring the reservoir conditions to fully considering reservoir conditions and well processes. Well models are a numerical simulation approach that account for local conditions and gradients in the exchange of fluids between the well and reservoir. As with the mathematical equations that describe fluid flow in the reservoir, variation in fluid properties with temperature and pressure yield nonlinearities in the mathematical equations that describe fluid flow within the well. To numerically simulate the fluid exchange between a well and reservoir the two systems of nonlinear multifluid flow equations must be resolved. The spectrum of numerical approaches for resolving these equations varies from zero coupling to full coupling. In this paper we describe a fully coupled solution approach for a well model that allows for a flexible well trajectory and screened interval within a structured hexahedral computational grid. In this scheme, the nonlinear well equations have been fully integrated into the Jacobian matrix for the reservoir conservation equations, minimizing the matrix bandwidth.
Generation Open: Contested Creativity and Capabilities

ABSTRACTOpen design has emerged as a topic generated by a new logic of thinking: the internet with its rhizomatic creative networks and open software. Over the last decades the network has become a new conceptual technology by which to think and describe the world in a new way, and collaborative networks have also become the main actors in the new economy, generating questions of what ‘open’ actually means. As a new generation of knowledge and design workers set out to engage with networked and post-Fordist labour they also generate new forms of conflict. The power over standards and protocols guides the use of the creative platforms, both enabling collaborative and co-creative design as well as shaping it according to the aims of those setting the standard. Similarly, on an organizational and political scale it seems open design may ‘bite back’ in an increasingly conflicting form of ‘immaterial labour’, fragmenting any organized resistance and making every creative act freely exploitable under the irresi...
Effect of preliminary radiation-oxidation treatment on electrophysical properties of zirconium

The effect of preliminary radiation-oxidation treatment on the current density and on the current-voltage characteristic of zirconium is studied. The contribution of the preliminary radiation-oxidation treatment to the change in the electrophysical characteristics is determined in heat and radiation-and-heat tests of zirconium in contact with water.
How can we speed up matrix multiplication

Due to the new algebraic methods of algorithm design, recently it became possible to perform multiplication and inversion of $N \times N$ matrices using $O(N^{2.496} )$ rather than $O(N^3 )$ arithmetical operations. Consequently, algorithms for several other computational problems of linear algebra and combinatorics have been accelerated. The major ideas and techniques that have led to that progress are surveyed.
Spectral function of a hole in a Hubbard antiferromagnet.

The Green's function G(k,\ensuremath{\omega}) is calculated for a hole in a Hubbard antiferromagnet by a new nonperturbative, variational method for an infinite square lattice. The quasiparticle and excited-state wave functions show that the substantial structure in the ``incoherent'' spectrum is related to string states for large U. The strength of the quasiparticle pole and the anisotropic effective mass are obtained as a function of (U/t). The quasiparticle lifetime is infinite for most k.
Hemothorax after Percutaneous Cryoablation of the Kidney

Pleural effusions have not been reported after percutaneous cryoablation of the kidney. In our initial experience, we identified and treated two patients who had the complication of hemothorax after percutaneous cryoablation for renal malignancy. The occurrence of pleural effusions is frequently related to technical aspects of the procedure. The pathogenesis of this serious complication is discussed and preventive measures are highlighted.
Size exclusion at the external surfaces of spherical packing used in high-performance liquid chromatography

Experimental observations from several laboratories, including our own, have demonstrated that the elution volume of very large macromolecules or particles shows a small dependence on size even when the packing gels are impermeable to these substances. We call this process “external size exclusion”, but it has also been termed “hydrodynamic chromatography/rd. We have derived a quantitative expression for the phenomenon based on an equilibrium process in which spherical macromolecules of radius r pass through a column filled with uniform spheres of radius R in hexagonal close packing. The final expression gives the ratio of the elution volume Ve of a sphere of radius r to the total volume of the column Vt. The range of practical usefulness is 0.01 < r/R < 0.1. “Premature” elution of aggregated tobacco mosaic virus is explained by the use of this equation.