cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic radiomics phenotypes of DCI from breast DCE-MRI: Demonstrating feasibility in interim analysis of the ECOG-ACRIN E4112 trial

Ductal in-situ carcinoma (DCIS) is a non-invasive proliferation that lacks the ability to metastasize. Over the past four decades, DCIS diagnoses have increased ten-fold, with treatments nearly as aggressive as those for small low-grade invasive breast cancer. In this study, we evaluate the potential of identifying intrinsic imaging phenotype of DCIS using radiomic signatures from breast DCE-MRI. The rationale is that such phenotypes may capture aspects of the heterogeneity of DCIS that can aid in identifying indolent from aggressive disease to better stratify patients for improved disease management. An initial analysis was performed on eighty- two DCIS cases from the ECOG-ACRIN E4112 trial. The Cancer Phenomics Toolkit (CapTK) was used to extract a total of 95 3-D radiomic features from each primary lesion volume in pre-treatment, pre-operative breast DCE-MRI images. Features were first filtered for robustness across the heterogeneous clinical sites of DCE-MRI acquisition and features deemed non-robust (59) were discarded. Dimensionality reduction was performed with the remaining thirty-six features via principle component analysis (PCA). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the resulting five principal components (PCs) capturing 85% of the original feature variance was applied. Two significant intrinsic DCIS radiomic phenotypes were identified (p<0.001). Our hypothesis is that DCIS imaging biomarkers could improve prognostic ability more reliably than biopsy alone. These findings will be further explored in the expanded analysis of ECOG-ACRIN E4112 trial.
AstroGeoVis v1.0 : Astronomical Visualizations and ScientificComputing for Earth Science Education

Abstract. Modern climate science, Earth system science, physical geography, oceanography, meteorology, and related disciplines have increasingly turned into highly quantitative, computational fields, dealing with processing, analysis and visualization of large numerical data sets. Students of these and many other disciplines thus need to acquire robust scientific computing and data analysis skills, which have universal applicability. In addition, the increasing economic importance and environmental significance of solar power and sustainable practices such as passive building design have recently increased the importance of understanding of the apparent motions of the Sun on the celestial sphere, for a wider array of students and professionals. In this paper, I introduce and describe AstroGeoVis v1.0: open-source software that calculates solar coordinates and related parameters and produces astronomical visualizations relevant to the Earth and climate sciences. The software is written in MATLAB©; while its primary intended purpose is pedagogical, research use is envisioned as well. Both the visualizations and the code are intended to be used in the classroom in a variety of courses, at a variety of levels (targeting high school students to undergraduates), including Earth and climate sciences, geography, physics, astronomy, mathematics, statistics and computer science. I provide examples of classroom use and assignment ideas, as well as examples of ways I have used these resources in my college-level teaching. Dedication Tihomir S. Kostadinov dedicates this paper to the memory of his parents, who instilled in him a deep interest in and appreciation of astronomy, mathematics, and science.
I’m Not Crazy or Anything: Exploring Culture, Mental Health Stigma, and Mental Health Service Use among Urban Community College Students

Despite best efforts among mental health service providers on community college campuses, students of color often feel hesitant to utilize such services, despite even the most urgent needs. The pur...
Refeeding syndrome in a miniature donkey

Objective To describe refeeding syndrome in an equid without a history of recognized risk factors. Case summary Refeeding syndrome with marked hypophosphatemia developed in an aged miniature donkey gelding during treatment of suspected enterocolitis. Hypophosphatemia (manifested clinically as ileus and neuromuscular weakness) developed despite a short (3 day) history of hyporexia, increased body condition (7/9), and adherence to nutritional recommendations for critically ill equids. Nutritional support included nasogastric enteral feeding with a commercial equine nutrition product claiming to provide 100% of the National Research Council's daily recommended protein, vitamin, and mineral requirements for equids. Hypophosphatemia developed despite this enteral supplementation and was ultimately corrected by intravenous administration of sodium phosphate solution. New or unique information provided This case report suggests that risk factors for refeeding syndrome in equids may be broader than previously recognized. Specifically, critically ill equids at risk for insulin dysregulation may have unique nutritional co-morbidities and requirements. This report highlights the need for both broader recognition of risk factors for refeeding syndrome, and revised best-practice nutritional guidelines and supplementation products to improve equine critical care.
Traditional Versus Digital Media-Based Hand Therapy After Distal Radius Fracture.

Purpose Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are common injuries with a rising incidence. A substantial portion of the cost of care is attributable to therapy services. Our purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-directed hand therapy program guided by digital media compared with that of traditional therapy. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial in patients aged 18 years or older who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of a DRF with volar plating . Subjects were randomized to traditional hand therapy using a 12-week protocol or an identical protocol presented in digital videos and performed at home. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand ( Quick DASH) scores were collected as the primary outcome at 2 weeks (baseline), 6 weeks, and 12 weeks or greater. Pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) scores, wrist and forearm range of motion, wrist circumference, and grip strength were recorded as secondary outcomes. Results Fifty-one patients were enrolled. Forty-nine patients were included in the analysis—21 in the digital media group and 28 in the traditional group. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in Quick DASH scores between baseline and 12-week or greater time points. The QuickDASH scores in the digital media group were slightly more improved than those in the traditional group at the 6-week and 12-week or greater time points; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Pain VAS and VR-12 scores were comparable between group differences at each time point. Conclusions Our digital media program was at least as effective as traditional therapy for patients undergoing volar plating of DRF. These results may help inform the design of future trials investigating the effectiveness of digital media–based hand therapy programs. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic II.
White Evangelical Racism: The Politics of Morality in America

First of all, the monograph under review is very well researched, written and edited. These are the first elements I look for in the review process. I highly recommend this monograph and plan to us...
The Fiduciary Duties

A fiduciary duty is a commitment to act in the best interests of another person or entity. That is, the fiduciary must act only in the best interests of a principal. The Board of directors and the directors of a corporation owe fiduciary duties to the shareholders. The three fiduciary responsibilities of all board directors are the duty of care, the duty of loyalty, and the duty of obedience, as mandated by state and common law. Under settled Delaware law, however, the directors and officers owe fiduciary duties to the corporation and its stockholders.
A Loose Affiliation of Alleluias: Tracing Genealogies of Technique and Power in Creative Practice

This article is written from our perspectives as a performer and a composer, focusing on our violin concerto, “a loose affiliation of alleluias”, which we created and premiered in 2019. Making this concerto was an exercise in excavating the material histories that guide our creative practice. Our purpose in doing so was to work towards a clear and necessarily complex appraisal of how our current practices are motivated by, and reproduce, historically-determined knowledge, authority, and cultural attitudes. We think through our own reproductions of historical knowledge via Ben Spatz’s exegesis of “technique”, and via Edward Said’s notion of “affiliations” as the networks which build up cultural associations and cultural authority. With this theoretical frame, we contextualize some of the musical techniques and tropes engaged in our concerto—for instance polyphony, ornamentation, and the concerto soloist as heroic subject. We contextualize our reflections next to critical positions staked circumscribed by what Ben Piekut calls “elite avantgardism”—an analytical category which we see ourselves as operating within. We discuss, for instance, the critical gestures of musical modernism which (per Adorno’s analysis) conspicuously arrest and negate historical musical grammars and logics – and yet continue to reproduce its structuring values. In our concluding statements we gesture towards some of the pedagogical implications of this work, considering how creative practice can be leveraged to re-appraise the histories shaping our practices of composition, improvisation, and performance.
Paris and the Spirit of 1919: Consumer Struggles, Transnationalism and Revolution

This transnational history of Paris in 1919 explores the global implications of the revolutionary crisis of French society at the end of World War I. As the site of the peace conference Paris was a victorious capital and a city at the center of the world, and Tyler Stovall explores these intersections of globalization and local revolution. The book takes as its central point the eruption of political activism in 1919, using the events of that year to illustrate broader tensions in working class, race, and gender politics in Parisian, French, and ultimately global society which fueled debates about colonial subjects and the empire. Viewing consumerism and consumer politics as key both to the revolutionary crisis and to new ideas about working-class identity, and arguing against the idea that consumerism depoliticized working people, this history of local labor movements is a study in the making of the modern world.
An Evaluation of the Potential for Clandestine Manufacture of 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) Analogs and Homologs

Encountering a novel controlled-substance analog (designer drug) has become a distinct possibility for all forensic drug laboratories. 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in particular is a receptive parent compound for the molecular modifications which produce such homologs and analogs. The identification of these compounds, however, can prove to be an arduous task. It would be desirable to direct the focus of the identification to those compounds which are the more likely candidates for clandestine-laboratory synthesis. The process of narrowing the range of theoretical possibilities to logical choices may be enhanced by using a suitable predictive scheme. Such a predictive scheme for MDA analogs is presented based on putative Central Nervous System activity, existence or formulation of a reasonable synthesis method, and availability of the required precursors.
An XML-based system for management and query of video databases with user identifiable and annotated scenes

Video is one type of document. However, unlike traditional documents and databases that are searchable, video is not. At the same time, video is typically lengthy and contains large amount of useful and/or useless information. Therefore, it is desired to make the video manageable and searchable. Metadata and scene annotation are two keys to resolve this challenge. In this thesis we designed and implemented an XML-based Movie Database Manager (MDM) as a proof of concept. The video information is well organized in its natural way and stored in one single XML file. Videos are divided into user defined scenes with annotations for quick and exact query with build-in query engine. Users can also create, edit, and delete scenes annotations without physically split them in the video files. MDM integrates the query builder to help users run pre-defined queries or create and maintain their own ones. These queries can be stored in the same XML file. A full functional video player is also implemented to help user play their query results, create / edit / delete scene annotations.
Production of interleukin-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by murine iris and ciliary body explants.

Purpose To examine the ability of murine iris-ciliary body explants to produce cytokines with proinflammatory activities. Methods Supernatants derived from murine iris-ciliary body (I-CB) tissue explants cultured (four per well in 1 ml medium) in the presence of indomethacin were analyzed for the production of IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha/beta (TNF alpha/beta) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Analysis was performed by thymocyte costimulation, growth factor-dependent cell proliferation, TGF-beta-sensitive mink lung epithelial cell proliferation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results Supernatants from I-CB explants cultured in vitro for 24 hours contained significant thymocyte costimulatory activity. This activity was fully neutralized by a combination of antisera to IL-1 and IL-6, and ELISA analysis confirmed that IL-6 was a significant component of the supernatant (402.7 pg/ml). TNF alpha/beta were also found in low concentrations (approximately 2.0 U/ml) by ELISA analysis, whereas IL-2 and IL-4 were not detectable. Significant amounts of GM-CSF (15.8 U/ml), but no IL-3, were detected. Conclusions These results demonstrate that normal I-CB tissue contains cells capable of producing IL-6, GM-CSF, and IL-1. Because of the proinflammatory nature of IL-6 and IL-1, and the ability of GM-CSF, IL-1, and IL-6 to enhance functional capabilities of antigen presenting cells, regulation of the production of these cytokines may contribute significantly to the maintenance of the immunologic status of this regional site.
Several endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins, including ERp72, interact with thyroglobulin during its maturation.

We have previously demonstrated that several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins, including BiP, ERp72, grp94, and protein disulfide isomerase, bind to a denatured thyroglobulin (Tg) affinity column and can be specifically eluted by ATP (Nigam, S.K., Goldberg, A.L., Ho, S., Rohde, M.F., Bush, K.T., and Sherman, M.Y. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 1744-1749). Using chemical cross-linking, we now demonstrate that BiP, ERp72, and grp94 associate with Tg in two types of cultured thyroid cells, FRTL-5 and PCC13. Whereas BiP could be coimmunoprecipitated with anti-Tg antibodies in the absence of cross-linking, only trace amounts of ERp72 and grp94 were coimmunoprecipitated. Likewise, in both cell types, anti-BiP antibodies were able to coimmunoprecipitate Tg in the absence of cross-linking, though ERp72 and grp94 were only minimally present. Coprecipitation of BiP and Tg was abolished when ATP and Mg2+ were added to cell lysates. In contrast, after cross-linking, there was a large increase in the amount of ERp72 and grp94 that coimmunoprecipitated with anti-Tg antibodies, although there was only a slight increase in BiP. Similarly, in cross-linked lysates, grp94 and ERp72 were also coimmunoprecipitated with anti-BiP antibodies. An apparently novel 200-kDa protein was also consistently immunoprecipitated by anti-BiP antibodies in both cell types. In addition, anti-ERp72 antibodies coimmunoprecipitated Tg, BiP, and grp94 only after cross-linking. Analysis of uncross-linked and cross-linked samples by sucrose density gradient centrifugation confirmed that Tg, BiP, grp94, and ERp72 are present together in high molecular weight complexes only after treatment of cells with cross-linking reagent. These results suggest that ERp72, as well as BiP and grp94, function as molecular chaperones in the maturation of Tg, potentially as part of a macromolecular complex.
Measurement of the electron attachment rates for SF6 and C7F14 at Te=0.2 eV in a magnetized Q machine plasma

Electron attachment rates for SF6 and C7F14 were measured in a magnetized Q machine plasma at an electron temperature of 0.2±0.02 eV and with neutral gas pressures of P∼10−4 Torr. The rate constants for attachment to SF6 and C7F14 were (7.6±2.0)×10−8 and (2.2±0.9)×10−7 cm3 s−1, respectively.
Effect of iron on the guaiac reaction

Most studies show that oral ingestion of iron does not cause a positive stool guaiac reaction. However, all in vitro studies show that iron does cause a positive guaiac reaction and some in vivo studies have shown a positive stool guaiac reaction in response to oral iron. This study examines this unresolved question. Twenty-five normal volunteers were given 900 mg of ferrous sulfate a day. Two Hemoccult II and two HemoQuant tests were obtained before and during iron therapy. All Hemoccult II tests were negative before and after oral iron. Four HemoQuant tests were slightly elevated before oral iron and one was slightly elevated after oral iron. Ferrous sulfate, 300 mg, was dissolved in 1 L of water. The solution was acidic (pH = 3.9) and produced a positive Hemoccult II test. When the solution was titrated with sodium hydroxide to a pH of greater than or equal to 6.0, iron precipitated out and the mixture no longer produced a positive Hemoccult II reaction. Our data show that ferric iron (Fe3+) in solution will give a positive guaiac reaction directly and ferrous iron (Fe2+) will give a positive guaiac reaction after hydrogen peroxide is added because it oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+. Iron solutions are acidic and when titrated toward a neutral pH, the iron is precipitated out and the solution is then guaiac-negative. Thus, our in vivo data confirm most previous in vivo studies; furthermore, the discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro studies can be explained as a pH-dependent phenomenon of in vitro iron solutions. Oral iron should not cause a positive guaiac reaction, and the HemoQuant results show no increase in occult blood loss in subjects on oral iron therapy.
Workload-Based Capacity for Air Traffic Management:

The charter of FAA is to promote the safe, orderly, and expeditious use of the National Airspace System (NAS). To ensure that traffic flow is safe and efficient, FAA needs to know the expected traffic demand on the sector and the sector’s capacity to accommodate that demand. When sector capacity is inadequate to meet the demand, congestion occurs. To ensure that safety is not compromised, FAA often takes action to reduce demand or increase capacity to avoid congestion. The MITRE Corporation’s Center for Advanced Aviation System Development developed a time-on-task workload model to assess capacity and congestion in en route NAS sectors. A metric was developed and used along with the workload generated by the model and a workload threshold to estimate sector capacity. The metric, as constructed, enabled equitable comparison of capacity of different sectors, regardless of size. A field and lab evaluation of the workload model was used to quantify the model’s task coverage and to calibrate its parameter valu...
Variation in eyespot ultrastructure in Chlamydomonas reinhardi (ac-31).

Several morphological variations in eyespot complex fine structure were exhibited in some cells of the pale-green mutant strain ac-31 of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. The cells were grown in minimal medium supplemented with 0.2 % sodium acetate and were harvested by centrifugation and prepared for electron-microscopic examination. Microtubules were seen near the flagella, confirming previous observations. Microtubules were also seen near the eyespot complex. Although a direct connexion between the microtubules of the flagellar and eyespot region was never observed, this does not exclude the possibility that it exists and thus provides a structural and functional connexion between the two organelles. Occasionally irregular curved bodies intimately associated with the eyespot complex of some cells appeared to displace the chloroplast and cell membranes. These bodies often appeared to be nearly covered by a limiting membrane and were found near empty ‘cavities’ in the eyespot plate. Crystalline arrays of dense bodies were observed in some sections. The significance of these bodies is discussed in relation to the functional state of the carotenoid pigments making up the eyespot granules. An hypothesis for the formation of the rod-like structures is presented, based upon the observation of granules which had fused together to form a helix.
Completion of Primary Care Referrals Among New York State Refugees

An important component of the New York State Refugee Health Program's (NYSRHP) mission is to ensure refugees with identified medial conditions are referred to primary and specialty care. A programmatic evaluation was conducted to assess the completion rate for primary care referral appointments made during the initial domestic health assessment among refugees in NYS (exclusive of New York City). Upon arrival in NYS, refugees may receive a domestic health assessment by one of NYSRHP contracted providers. As part of the assessment, referrals for primary and specialty care may be assigned. From July 2010 to June 2011, 69 % of NYS-bound refugees that received a primary care referral by a NYSRHP contracted provider completed their appointment.
CONVERSATIONAL CHAINING IN PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION

Abstract The study assesses conversational chaining as a technique in programming. It analyses the role of feedback in this type of programming. The study finds that: (a) conversational chaining is an effective means of programming, and (b) additional feedback other than that built into the program is not necessary. The study raises many unanswered questions regarding conversational chaining which are in need of further investigation.
Evidence for an elders' advantage in the naive product usability judgments of older and younger adults.

Objective: To determine whose naive judgments of consumer product usability are more accurate---those of younger or older adults. Accuracy is here defined as judgments compatible with results from performance-based usability tests. Background: Older adults may be better able to predict usability problems than younger adults, making them particularly good participants in studies contributing to the user-centered design of products. This advantage, if present, may stem from older adults' motivation for more usable products or from their experience adapting their own environments to meet their changing physical, cognitive, and sensory needs. Method: Sixty older participants (ages 65-75 years) and 60 younger ones (ages 18-22 years) evaluated illustrations of consumer products on specific criteria (e.g., readability, learnability, or error rates). They either rated a single design for each product or ranked six alternative designs. They also explained their choices, indicated which features were most critical ...
Ordering fuzzy sets over the real line: an approach based on decision making under uncertainty

Abstract The ordering of fuzzy sets over the real line is approached from the point of view of ordering intervals rather than ordering numbers. First, the maximax and maximin criteria which are commonly used for ordering intervals are expressed in terms of characteristic functions. These criteria and the Hurwicz criterion for decision making under complete ignorance are then reformulated in a manner that allows for their generalization to the fuzzy case. Transitivity is established for these ordering rules. A criterion based on the principle of diminishing marginal utility is also presented.
Characteristics and components of the TADS CBT approach

In this article, we describe the acute phase of a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) developed for and utilized in the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS). The acute phase of TADS CBT consists of 8 skills that were considered essential to any CBT intervention for adolescent depression (e.g., mood monitoring, increasing pleasant activities, identifying cognitive distortions, and developing realistic counterthoughts). In addition, 5 optional individual CBT skills (e.g., relaxation, affect regulation) can be incorporated into treatment, depending on the needs of the adolescent. We describe each of these individual skills by reviewing the rationale for their inclusion in the treatment protocol and describing the format that is used to teach the skill area. Recommendations are provided for dealing with common challenges that can occur in the teaching of each skill module. It is our hope that clinicians will find this a useful introduction to this particular form of treatment and a practical guide to dealing with clinical problems common to the delivery of any cognitive behavioral intervention with depressed teens.
High-temperature isopiestic studies on {(1-y)PbCl2 + y(1-t)NaCl + ytBaCl2}(l) at the temperature 873 K

Abstract The activities of PbCl2 in {(1-y)PbCl2 + y (1-t)NaCl + ytBaCl2} melts have measured at the temperature T = 873 K using an improved high-temperature isopiestic technique. Each entire isoactivity curve of PbCl2 was determined by only one experiment. All the measured isoactivity curves were found to be very nearly linear. The activities of PbCl2, in the ternary melts were calculated from the isopiestic results, taking {(1-y)PbCl2 + y AgCl} as a reference mixture. The activities of NaCl were then calculated using a Gibbs-Duhem procedure proposed previously.
The problem of stuttering: where are we in 1986?

A linear extension x 1 x 2 x 3 ... of a partially ordered set (X, <) has a bump whenever x i <x i +1. We examine the problem of determining linear extensions with as few bumps as possible. Heuristic algorithms for approximate bump minimization are considered.
Tabu Search and Perturbation Methods in the Construction of Supersaturated Designs

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTWe adapt the columnwise-pairwise algorithm (CP) of Li and Wu (1997) to the construction of multi- and mixed-level supersaturated designs. One inherent difficulty associated with the use of many heuristic algorithms is premature convergence to a local optima. Meyer and Nachtsheim (1988) discussed the use of simulated annealing method for constructing D-optimal designs. As an extension to their work, this research proposes two modified CP algorithms: tabu-enhanced CP and CP with perturbation. The performance of the two methods is evaluated in the construction of multi-level supersaturated designs. Using these algorithms yields a class of supersaturated designs that is more efficient than existing designs in terms of the optimality criteria. Results are also compared with Fang, Lin, and Ma (2000). The application of the CP algorithms to mixed-level supersaturated designs is examined as well.
Passive gravitational sedimentation of peripheral blood increases the sensitivity of microscopic detection of malaria.

Abstract Objective To determine if passive gravitational sedimentation of blood samples, followed by buffy coat thin smear preparation could increase the sensitivity of malaria diagnosis when compared to conventional thin smear preparation without the additional cost of centrifuges or molecular diagnostics. Methods Blood samples were collected from 205 patients. Each patient sample was analyzed using all three methods of sample preparation. Results Buffy coat analysis of centrifuged blood samples greatly increased the sensitivity of malaria diagnosis when compared to standard thin smear techniques. Sensitivity between mechanically centrifuged samples and gravitationally sedimented samples showed equal improvement in sensitivity when compared to standard thin smear preparation. Conclusions Passive gravitational sedimentation of red blood cells followed by buffy coat analysis dramatically improves the sensitivity of malaria diagnosis without the additional costs associated with centrifugation.
Deriving physical design constraints from functional topologies

An idealized microworld is defined, amenable to a well-posed statement of the design problem. Within this idealization, mathematical constraints on the distribution of material properties are derived, based on the functional characteristics required for satisfaction of specified design requirements. The design requirements derive from a dynamic synthesis process, considering the energetic behavior required by the original design specification. Design primitives derived include both normal and degenerate forms of inductances, capacitances, and conductances. The constraints are viewed as a semantic basis for the primitives, rigorously voicing their design function. Function is defined as the controlled application of power. A sketch of an automatic design process based on this system is given, and an example design problem is worked, both to illustrate the process and to highlight directions for future work.
Graphic design tips for desktop publishers

Since the introduction of the Macintosh, the LaserWriter, and PageMaker and the subsequent ability to create camera-ready or near-camera-ready documents on our desktops, document writers have found it necessary to become document designers as well. Yet, this entails a number of choices. For example, what style or size of type? How many columns? Where should headings be placed? Should there be illustrations? If so, how should they be arranged? Because most of us haven't been trained to make these choices, too often the result is badly designed and ineffective documents.However, by understanding some of the basic principles of graphic design, even design novices can use a desktop publishing system to improve the way their documents look and, more importantly, make them more readable and more understandable. Research has shown that certain design techniques dramatically expand a reader's capacity for information. In this session I will offer a number of simple design guidelines for creating effective desktop published documents and avoiding the common design pitfalls of overzealous desktop publishers without design training.Using before and after examples, I will discuss the graphic design choices available to desktop publishers and explain the best choices. Topics will include choosing and using type styles and sizes, column width, capitals and italics, alignment, leading, word and letter spacing, white space, and balance to create effective memos, brochures, manuals, flyers, and newsletters.Good graphic design is more than a simple list of do's and don'ts. By explaining the reasons for certain design choices, I hope that those who attend this session will leave with a basic understanding of graphic design that they can use as a resource when designing their own desktop-published documents and as a basis for further study in graphic design if they are interested.
Catabolism of hemocyanin in the American lobster, Homarus americanus

Abstract 1. 1. Cross-reactivity studies by double immunodiffusion suggest no immunological similarity between Homarus americanus hemocyanin and Panulirus argus hemocyanin. 2. 2. Slow hemolymph clearance rates ( t 1 2 of 15–30 days) for 125I-Homarus americanus and Panulirus argus hemocyanins were determined after injection in both species, suggesting similar structure of the two hemocyanins relative to clearance recognition sites. 3. 3. No single tissue emerged as the site of clearance and degradation of endogenous 125I-labelled hemocyanin in Homarus americanus, possibly due to its slow clearance rate. 4. 4. 125I-Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin was rapidly cleared from the hemolymph of Homarus americanus ( t 1 2 = 45 min ) with the epidermis indicated as the initial site of uptake and degradation.
SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION AND HERITABLE CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a non-atherosclerotic cause of acute coronary syndrome with a predilection for young women. Genetic risk factors for SCAD are not well characterized. We performed a retrospective single-center descriptive analysis of consecutive patients with SCAD (n
The Christian Heritage in Humanities Courses

the colleges and universities of America. Scripps and Stephens colleges in 1928, joined by Celgate and Chicago universities in 1930 and 1931, respectively, were innovators in this new educational enterprise. Since these beginnings a great number of institutions of higher learning have followed suit. These courses have been inter-departmental, including all or a part of what are known as the humanities in their subject content. Their expressed purposes have been to bring about greater integration of the student's educational experiences, to increase sensitivity and enjoyment in the values native to the humanities, to achieve a fuller understanding of our cultural heritage and the relatedness of its parts, and to emphasize the importance of critical thinking. Why has there been this revival of interest in the humanities? It appears that the objectives set for these courses are closely related to the recognized weaknesses in contemporary education and that the growth of interest in the humanities is an effort to remedy some of the weaknesses on which there is most agreement.
Growth kinetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mechanically-tenderized beef

A kinetic study was conducted to investigate the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mechanically-tenderized beef meat (MTBM) inoculated and internalized with a cocktail of 5 rifampicin-resistant (Rif(r)) or 3 arbitrarily selected wild-type strains of the bacteria. The storage was conducted at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 37 degrees C. No growth was observed at 5 degrees C and the growth was minimal at 10 degrees C. Above 15 degrees C, a sigmoid trend was observed for all growth curves. Three primary growth models (modified Gompertz, Huang, and Baranyi) were used to fit the growth curves. A new Belehdradek-type secondary model was found more suitable than the traditional Ratkowsky model for describing the temperature dependence of growth rate. The statistical analysis suggested that both bacterial strains and primary growth model affect the determination of growth rates (at alpha=0.05), with Rif(r) strains growing 10-20% slower than the wild-type strains. While there was no significant difference between the growth rates estimated by the modified Gompertz and Baranyi models, and between those of Huang and Baranyi models, the rates estimated from the Gompertz model were significantly higher than those estimated from the Huang model. The temperature dependence of growth rate of E. coli O157:H7 in MTBM was described by both a new Belehdradek-type rate model and the Ratkowsky square-root model. While the theoretical minimum growth temperatures determined by the Ratkowsky square-root model ranged from 1.5 to 4.7 degrees C, more realistic values, varying from 6.64 to 8.76 degrees C, were estimated by the new rate model. For the Baranyi model, the average h(0) value was 2.06+/-0.74 and 2.15+/-1.14 for Rif(r) and wild-type strains of E. coli O157:H7, respectively. For the Huang and modified Gompertz models, the inverse of square-roots of lag phases was found proportional to temperature, making it possible to estimate the lag phase duration from the growth temperature. The results of this work can be used to assess the microbial safety of MTBM during refrigerated and temperature-abused storage conditions.
On the relationship between the higher-order factor model and the hierarchical factor model

The relationship between the higher-order factor model and the hierarchical factor model is explored formally. We show that the Schmid-Leiman transformation produces constrained hierarchical factor solutions. Using a generalized Schmid-Leiman transformation and its inverse, we show that for any unconstrained hierarchical factor model there is an equivalent higher-order factor model with direct effects (loadings) on the manifest variables from the higher-order factors. Therefore, the class of higher-order factor models (without direct effects of higher-order factors) is nested within the class of unconstrained hierarchical factor models. In light of these formal results, we discuss some implications for testing the higher-order factor model and the issue of general factor. An interesting aspect concerning the efficient fitting of the higher-order factor model with direct effects is noted.
CONGRESS AT COURT: MEMBERS OF CONGRESS AS AMICUS CURIAE

Acts of Congress often contain provisions that are ambiguous, complex and/or contradictory, and it is often left to the courts to discern the meaning of the language. This paper examines the potential influence of one method of inter-branch communication—an amicus curiae brief filed by members of Congress in Supreme Court cases. Several characteristics of the briefs filed by members of Congress during the 1990s are coded and it is found that unlike the solicitor general, members of Congress have little impact on the decisions of the High Court. There is communication between members of Congress and the Court. Thus, this investigation provides no support for the rational actor model of judicial decision-making; however, the communication seems to serve the re-election goals of legislators.
Advances in river ice hydrology.

River ice is present in nearly all Canadian rivers, for periods ranging from days to many months. Whether moving or stationary, it interacts with the river flow in various ways, resulting in multiple impacts on the economy and ecosystem, and posing a major flood threat to riverside communities. In the past 4 years, Canadian research and development efforts have been directed at a variety of problems. A strong focus on ice breakup and ice jam processes resulted in improved understanding of the salient geomorphological and hydroclimatic factors, enhanced modelling and prediction capabilities, and development of techniques for in situ measurement of ice jam properties. Key contributions in the area of ecological impacts of river ice and ice jams have led not only to solid advances in knowledge, but also to an appreciation of the vast scope of this subject and its numerous links to environmental science. A closely related topic, the flux of suspended sediment in ice-laden rivers was studied for the first time, in order to delineate the effects of the ice on sediment and associated contaminant loads. In response to growing concern about climate change and variability, several studies addressed implications to ice regime, and thence, to ecology and economy. Although not fully explored, the potential impacts appear to be numerous and significant, owing to the high sensitivity of river ice processes to climatic factors. In the foreseeable future, research is likely to continue along the above noted lines, although an increased emphasis on climatic and ecological aspects is probable. Insights gained on the mechanisms of breakup and jamming may lead to increased modelling applications and testing of theoretical concepts.
Phase I study of low-dose cyclophosphamide and recombinant interleukin-2 for the treatment of advanced cancer.

We conducted a phase I study of low-dose cyclophosphamide and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) in 66 patients with advanced cancer resistant to standard therapy. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and 46 patients were evaluable for antitumor response. Patients evaluable for antitumor response included 23 with malignant melanoma, 10 with renal cell carcinoma, 4 with colon cancer, and 9 with various other solid tumors. All patients received i.v. cyclophosphamide (350 mg/m2) on day 1 followed by rIL-2 via 15 min i.v. infusion on days 4-8 and 11-15. The doses of rIL-2 ranged from 6.0 to 36.0 x 10(6) IU/m2. Each treatment cycle consisted of 21 days and a total of 113 cycles was administered. The number of treatment cycles administered per patient ranged from 1 to 8. The dose-limiting toxicities associated with rIL-2 included altered mental status, arthralgias, diarrhea, fatigue, fever, hypotension, nausea/vomiting, and peripheral edema. Twelve patients (18%) were removed from the study secondary to toxicity. Among the evaluable patients, 2 (4%) (malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma) developed a partial remission, 13 (29%) maintained stable disease, and 31 (67%) developed progressive disease. We conclude that the combination of low-dose cyclophosphamide and rIL-2 is tolerable in most patients but our data do not suggest an improved response rate for the combination vs. rIL-2 alone.
Decreased docosahexaenoic acid levels in retina and pigment epithelium of frogs fed crickets

Whole retina, rod outer segments, and retinal pigment epithelium of frogs (Rana pipiens) fed crickets for more than 1 year had significantly lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6n-3) than the same tissues of frogs fed crickets for less than 1 month. Decreases in 22:6n-3 levels in these tissues were compensated for by increases in the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), primarily 22:5n-6. There were no changes in the levels of saturated, monoenoic, or dienoic acids. Analysis of diacyl phospholipid molecular species (PLMS) revealed decreases in both the 22:6(n-3)-containing dipolyenoic molecular species in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, and the monopolyenoic molecular species in phosphatidylcholine. These PLMS were replaced by species containing 22:5n-6 or other n-6 PUFAs. Examination of fatty acid methyl esters of total lipids extracted from crickets revealed that less than 1 mol% fatty acids were of the n-3 family, while more than 30 mol% were of the n-6 family. Thus, frogs raised on an n-3-deficient diet have reduced levels of n-3 PUFA in their retinas, rod outer segments, and retinal pigment epithelium. Although such changes have been reported for mammals, this is the first report of the effects of n-3 deficiency on the lipids of amphibians.
Thermoelectric response of an interacting two-dimensional electron gas in a quantizing magnetic field

We present a discussion of the linear thermoelectric response of an interacting electron gas in a quantizing magnetic field. Boundary currents can carry a significant fraction of the net current passing through the system. We derive general expressions for the bulk and boundary components of the number and energy currents. We show that the local current density may be described in terms of ``transport'' and ``internal magnetization'' contributions. The latter carry no net current and are not observable in standard transport experiments. We show that although Onsager relations cannot be applied to the local current, they are valid for the transport currents and hence for the currents observed in standard transport experiments. We relate three of the four thermoelectric response coefficients of a disorder-free interacting two-dimensional electron gas to equilibrium thermodynamic quantities. In particular, we show that the diffusion thermopower is proportional to the entropy per particle, and we compare this result with recent experimental observations.
Problems of Statistical Inference in Health with Special Reference to the Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer Controversy

Abstract Disagreement about the role of cigarette smoking in lung cancer is traced to three sources of confusion. In the first, there is lack of agreement as to the definition of terms and what is implied when a specific factor is said to be a cause of a particular disease. A suggested definition is offered to clarify one of the issues causing dissent. The second area of disagreement concerns the method of measuring the strength of the relationship in a 2 × 2 table, and whether the relationship is more pronounced in one disease than another. There is no solution to this problem until the specific question to be answered is stated in detail. Slightly different questions can lead to radically different answers. The third area involves the making of decisions and the subsequent formulation of actions based upon existing data. In the present context, four specific action-type decisions are involved and the corresponding relative weight of evidence which is needed to substantiate each of them is considered.
A brief history of the tourniquet.

Abstract : The tourniquet is a device first used in antiquity; it has been praised or vilified throughout the ages, as it has been at times life-saving, and at other times limb-threatening.1 It interestingly has become a widely used tool in the current wars of Afghanistan and Iraq by most coalition medics, often with great success. Its current reputation is very positive among foot soldiers. Combat troops are reportedly going out on dangerous patrol missions with tourniquets already in place on extremities, as they wish to be fully ready to respond to extremity bleeding, if and when the mine or the improvised explosive device (IED) should go off. Some work has even been done on field uniforms, which have tourniquets actually sewn into sleeves, etc., in order to ensure the quickest access and application possible.2 Response times in this current conflict are so rapid and transportation by helicopter is so efficient that prolonged tourniquet times are rare. The data being collected would indicate that we are seeing few tourniquet-induced injuries because they are removed rapidly, and we are definitely saving lives because they are used liberally. The purpose of this report is to review the history of the tourniquet throughout the ages, as it has been modified and improved numerous times by a series of innovative physicians, up to the present day.
Response acquisition with immediate and delayed conditioned reinforcement

Groups comprising eight rats initially were exposed to response-independent water deliveries, then to conditions under which a lever-press response raised an empty dipper immediately or after a resetting delay of 15, 30, or 45 s. When their performance was compared to that of control animals using a 90% confidence level, six rats in the immediate-reinforcement group met the primary criterion for response acquisition during a single 6-h session; 4, 4, and 3 did so in the 15, 30, and 45 s delay groups, respectively. Similar evidence of acquisition was obtained when a 95% confidence level was used. With a 99% confidence level, however, evidence of acquisition was not compelling. Although these data appear to provide the first demonstration of response acquisition in the absence of handshaping or autoshaping under conditions where the putative reinforcer is both conditioned and delayed, they also demonstrate that whether response acquisition occurs depends, in part, on how it is defined.
Sources and handling of losses to follow-up in parallel-group randomized clinical trials in dogs and cats: 63 trials (2000-2005)

Objective—To determine the sources and handlingof losses to follow-up (LTF) in parallel-group randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Sample Population—63 parallel-group RCTs of > 24 hours' duration published from January 2000 through December 2005. Procedures—Journals were hand searched for eligible reports. Details concerning the presence, cause, and amount of LTF; statistical handlingof data missingbecause of LTF; type of analyses performed; number of animals randomly allocated and analyzed; and the acknowledgement of the potential impact of LTF were recorded. Results—In 81% (51/63) of trials, LTF were reported. In 80% (41/51) of those studies, losses in the analysis were ignored, and in only 18% (9/51) was the potential impact of LTF on study results acknowledged. Of the 47 studies in which sources of LTF were reported, 72% had loss of subjects because of investigator withdrawals, 30% because of deaths, and 26% because of owner withdrawals. Median loss of subjects for those studies was 12% because of inves...