cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Velocity and thermal slip at the moving contact line

The no-slip boundary condition is known to produce stress and velocity singularity at the moving contact line. Recent molecular dynamics simulations have shown that this is not the case, rather in the vicinity of the contact line velocity slip is observed, with the contact line undergoing perfect slip. It is known that velocity slip is often accompanied by thermal slip, resulting in a temperature jump at the interface. The degree of thermal slip is defined by Kapitza length which is analogous to slip length and is of the same order of magnitude as it. It has been recently shown that the standard Navier and Maxwell's velocity slip model is not sufficient to capture slip in the vicinity of moving contact line. Here we first present a universal velocity slip model and then explore using molecular dynamics simulations, the extent of thermal slip in the vicinity of the contact line and the impact it has on nano-/micro-fluidic applications.
Prologue: the Productive Miracle and the Specific Pattern of Social Problems Engendered by It

High-technology industrial capitalism has transformed the economic, social and political relationships of the modern world. Industrial production itself now involves computerization, automation, robotization and global sourcing. Both financial markets and labor markets are organized on a global basis, while white-collar administration has become fully computerized and blue-collar labor increasingly robotized.
Ready Rhetorics: Political Homophobia and Activist Discourses in Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda

Since the late 1990s political leaders in several African countries have pursued legislation to expand criminal penalties for same-sex sex. Yet, much of the research on efforts to expand criminalization of same-sex sexualities in Africa has focused on individual country cases, neglecting the role of national and transnational sociopolitical contexts and economic flows. Focusing on discourses present in news media data from 2000 to 2014 in three African countries pursuing regressive policies targeting homosexuality—Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda—we examine: 1) the different antihomosexual discourses and constellations of actors that emerge over time; 2) the linkages among antihomosexual discourses and other social or cultural logics that allow individuals and collective actors to make sense of antihomosexual discourses in a particular historical moment; and 3) the relationships among discourses vying for power in a given discursive field. In these data we observe episodic public debates around homosexuality that engage different arguments and constellations of actors over time. The intensity of public debates has increased since the mid-2000s in each country, and debates reflect strong linkages among transnational and national actors. Ultimately, we contend that the particular debates occurring around the regulation of same-sex sex in Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda reflect larger conflicts over social change, political power, and global status hierarchies. We conclude with implications for the study of homophobia and LGBT movements in sub-Saharan Africa.
Physical and Sensory Characteristics of Beef Packaged in Modified Gas Atmospheres.

One hundred and ninety-six boneless beef roasts (longissimus muscles) were vacuum packaged. Twenty-eight roasts remained vacuum packaged to serve as controls while the remaining packages were injected with one of six gas mixtures: (a) 100% O2, (b) 20% CO2 + 80% N2, (c) 50% CO2 + 50%O2, (d) 20% CO2 + 80% O2, (e) 25% CO2 + 25% O2 +50% N2 or(f) 51% CO2 + 30% O2 + 18% N2 + 1% CO. Five cuts from each packaging treatment were stored in a 1-3-C cooler for 7, 14, 21, 28 or 35 days and subsequently evaluated for relative percentages of various gases in the intact packages, off-odor, surface discoloration. overall appearance, metmyoglobin percentages and palatability. Packages initially injected with modified gas atmospheres containing O2 increased in relative percentages of CO2 with advancing storage times. Roasts stored in modified atmospheres initially containing high levels of O2 exhibited a greater incidence of off-odor, more surface discoloration, lower overall appearance ratings, shorter retail caselife and ...
Enhancing psychotherapy process with common factors feedback: A randomized, clinical trial.

In this study, we developed and tested a common factors feedback (CFF) system. The CFF system was designed to provide ongoing feedback to clients and therapists about client ratings of three common factors: (a) outcome expectations, (b) empathy, and (c) the therapeutic alliance. We evaluated the CFF system using randomized, clinical trial (RCT) methodology. Participants Clients were 79 undergraduates who reported mild, moderate, or severe depressive symptoms at screening and pretreatment assessments. These clients were randomized to either: (a) treatment as usual (TAU) or (b) treatment as usual plus the CFF system (TAU + CFF). Both conditions entailed 5 weekly sessions of evidence-based therapy delivered by doctoral students in clinical psychology. Clients completed measures of common factors (i.e., outcome expectations, empathy, therapeutic alliance) and outcome at each session. Clients and therapists in TAU + CFF received feedback on client ratings of common factors at the beginning of Sessions 2 through 5. When surveyed, clients and therapists indicated that that they were satisfied with the CFF system and found it useful. Multilevel modeling revealed that TAU + CFF clients reported larger gains in perceived empathy and alliance over the course of treatment compared with TAU clients. No between-groups effects were found for outcome expectations or treatment outcome. These results imply that our CFF system was well received and has the potential to improve therapy process for clients with depressive symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record
Infrared remote sensing of sea surface temperature

The surface temperature TS of the ocean and solid earth can be derived from the radiance data measured in the 3.7 micron transparent region between 2700 and 2500 per cm as well as from the 11 micron water vapor continuum between 960 and 775 per cm. The effects on the accuracy of the recovered values of TS of surface emissivity, reflection of solar radiation and variations in the concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere are different in the two bands. In this paper, the accuracy of the surface temperature derived from each of these two transparent spectral regions is discussed. The possibility of determining the difference between the air temperature at the surface and the true skin surface temperature is also considered.
Detection of Ambient Oxidation of Ultrasmall Supported Platinum Nanoparticles with Benchtop Powder X-Ray Diffraction

The ability of a benchtop powder X-ray diffractometer with a solid state detector to observe the ambient oxidation of ultrasmall (sub 2.5 nm) Pt particles, previously seen only with synchrotron XRD, is demonstrated. The oxidation is corroborated with STEM imaging and fast Fourier transform analysis.
Liver Anatomy and Function

The liver’s primary physiologic functions include: lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism; coagulation factor production; albumin production; detoxification of xenobiotics; storage of vitamins and glycogen; and bile processing and secretion. Disease processes affecting these functions are usually directed at hepatocytes, blood vessels, or bile ducts within the liver, and can produce a wide spectrum of liver disease. There are three basic morphologic appearances of the failed liver: massive hepatic necrosis, chronic liver disease resulting in cirrhosis, and hepatic dysfunction without overt necrosis. Of these, cirrhosis is the most common cause of liver related deaths and is the twelfth leading cause of death in the United States. The primary pathophysiologic influence behind the vast majority of decompensating events—such as gastrointestinal bleeding—in cirrhotic patients is portal hypertension, i.e. the increased resistance to portal blood flow that creates an increased gradient of pressure between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava. When the portal pressure increases beyond 12 mm Hg, patients are prone to develop ascites, varices, and hepatic encephalopathy. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) alleviate portal hypertension, and therefore some of its complications, by lowering the portal pressure below the threshold of 12 mm Hg. Still, despite advances in medical care, many patients with cirrhosis require an evaluation for liver transplantation. The Child-Turcotte-Pugh score has been a mainstay for assessing severity of cirrhosis. Additionally, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score—a value ranging from 6 to 40, derived from a patient’s serum creatinine, total bilirubin, and international normalized ratio (INR)—is used to predict mortality in patients with end stage liver disease and has been used for liver transplant allocation system in the United States. Since 2016, serum sodium was formally added to the MELD equation, based on data that hyponatremia is predictive of mortality in cirrhotic patients.
Clinical psychopathology in youth at familial high risk for psychosis

Aim While the course of psychopathology has been explored from an index mental health diagnosis onwards, there are few detailed, prospective studies of the occurrence of clinical psychopathology in youth with familial risk for severe mental illnesses such as psychosis. We sought to describe the appearance of Axis I psychopathology in a unique sample of adolescents with a family history of schizophrenia (FHR). Methods One hundred and sixty two first- and second-degree relatives (mean age 15.7 ± 3.6; range 8-25) of probands with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were assessed at baseline and annual intervals for up to 3 years, focusing on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) Axis I psychopathology. Results Fourteen individuals (8.6%) developed a psychotic disorder. One hundred and five subjects (65%) met criteria for an Axis I disorder over the course of the study, the most common of which was a depressive episode (40 subjects; 25%). Of the 148 individuals who did not develop psychosis, 91 (61%) had one or more Axis I disorders compared with 10/14 converters who had a comorbid Axis I disorder (71%). Ordered by increasing age of onset, diagnoses included cognitive and externalizing disorders, anxiety disorders, affective disorders, substance use disorders and psychotic disorders. Conclusions In addition to an elevated risk of psychosis, young FHR relatives manifest a broad range of non-psychotic Axis I psychopathology in childhood and adolescence. This breadth of diagnoses has implications for the structure and function of mental health services for young people.
Why the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean has now become broadly accepted as a frame of analysis in literature, history, and social studies, and particularly among European scholars. Nevertheless, there remains significant resistance to its use among medieval historians within Anglo-American spheres. Typical objections include the intimation that it does not reflect historical reality the way that established paradigms such as “Europe,” and the “Islamic World” do, that it is a consequence of an urge to “Political Correctness,” rather than a response to the data of history. However, while it may not offer a historical unity in terms such as institutional history, the present chapter argues that there are many underlying unities that mark the region as historically and cultural coherent, and that deploying it as a frame allows us to answer questions that traditional approaches do not.
The Vanishing Vanishing-Point: Violence prevention through civil imagination

In their video The Vanishing Vanishing-Point (2015), contemporary artists Effi & Amir depict the death of a mundane yet exceptional olive tree. Utilizing Google Street View and Google Earth, the video highlights temporal ruptures in the tree’s photographic documentation in order to expose a field of socio-political violence surrounding the tree’s demise. In this essay, I demonstrate how the artwork adopts a lens of ‘forensic aesthetics’ both to interrogate this complex field of culpability and to advocate an approach of violence prevention through civil imagination. The Vanishing Vanishing-Point emphasizes the need for a plural, ‘civil gaze’ (Azoulay, 2012) in order to understand the composite, multiple ‘events of photography’ surrounding the tree’s untimely death and to prevent such future acts of aggression.
Ab Initio Screening of Metal Catecholates for Adsorption of Toxic Pnictogen Hydride Gases

Density functional theory was used to study interactions between phosphine and 17 functional groups, revealing that only the functional groups containing metal ions bind phosphine strongly. This led to a detailed examination of the adsorption of the pnictogen hydride gases ammonia, phosphine, and arsine on 33 metal catecholates in order to examine periodic trends in the binding strength for these adsorbates. Phosphine and arsine adsorption is primarily driven by donation of electron density from the adsorbate molecule to the metal atom, while ammonia binding involves both electron donation and a significant Coulomb attraction between the negatively charged N atom and the positive metal atom. This Coulomb effect results in notably different binding behavior for ammonia than for phosphine and arsine, which are quite similar to each other. Generally, for metals on the left side of the periodic table, the Coulomb effect dominates in ammonia adsorption, and metals on the right side of the periodic table have l...
New Seeds, New Harvests Thirty Years of Tilling the Mystic Field

This article offers a retrospective on the last thirty years of scholarship on medieval mystics. After surveying some recent resources, such as Bernard McGinn's multivolume history, the Companions to Christian Mysticism, and the journal Spiritus, it discusses the varied approaches of late-twentieth and early-twenty-first century work, notably the material turn and the linguistic turn. The former, embracing studies of the body and gender, emotions and eroticism, art and material objects, reacts against earlier conceptions of mysticism as concerned exclusively with the timeless, invisible, and transcendent dimension of human existence. Feminist scholarship, queer theory, history of the emotions, and the study of visual culture have all figured prominently, while the relationship between mysticism and political activism is identified as an area ripe for further study. Complementing the material turn, the linguistic turn has brought new interest in apophatic theology in the wake of Derridean deconstruction, but also entails fresh work on vernacular mystics and the role of vernacularity in disseminating spiritual wisdom. The essay closes with an account of imaginative theology and a call for more reading across linguistic and disciplinary boundaries, as well as the artificial boundary between sacred and secular writing.
Survey: representation methods for three-dimensional objects.

This paper surveys methods of representing three-dimensional objects. A review of techniques for obtaining three-dimensional data precedes the detailed discussion of the representation methods. Current research ideas are stressed with the intent of giving a broad overview and of indicating possible future directions of research.
Warming induced changes in soil carbon and nitrogen influence priming responses in four ecosystems

Abstract Soil contains the largest terrestrial pool of carbon (C), but how this pool will be affected by global change remains unknown. Warmer temperatures generally increase soil respiration, while additional C inputs from plants to soil can increase or decrease soil C decomposition rates through a phenomenon known as priming. Priming occurs when soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition rates change in response to a fresh substrate, though the mechanisms underlying priming are poorly understood. Here, we measured priming in four ecosystems during a seven-week incubation with weekly glucose additions. Soil was collected from field warming experiments in the four ecosystems, so our experiment assessed the influence of long-term warming on priming. All treatments exhibited negative priming (reduced SOM decomposition) after the first substrate pulse. Subsequent substrate pulses elicited variable responses, and the effect of long-term warming on priming was ecosystem-dependent. Priming was correlated with changes in soil C and N in response to warming: ecosystems that lost soil C and N over nine years of experimental warming exhibited low rates of priming (decreased SOM decomposition), while ecosystems that gained soil C and N in response to warming had high priming. Consequently, priming may accelerate C losses in ecosystems that exhibit warming-induced C increases, and vice versa, thus partially buffering soil C content against change.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition of subepithelial masses

Abstract Difficult to diagnose on routine endoscopy, subepithelial masses typically require further investigation given their potential for malignancy. Endoscopic ultrasound has become an indispensable addition to the clinical algorithm; however, tissue sampling may still be necessary to provide an accurate diagnosis. Several modalities and variations within each modality exist for endoscopic tissue acquisition. While bite-on-bite techniques have traditionally produced disappointing results, newer techniques may improve clinical use. Fine-needle aspiration, currently recognized as the standard bearer, is plagued by modest diagnostic yields in randomized studies. Similar to fine-needle aspiration in technique, fine-needle biopsy is emerging as safe and successful with the introduction of improved needle technology. Additionally, new and exciting endoscopic techniques such as submucosal tunneling may change the paradigm of subepithelial management in the future. The following article will discuss techniques specific to endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition.
Evaluating weed control and response of newly planted peach trees to herbicides

Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina to determine peach response to herbicides. Mesotrione, rimsulfuron, and sulfentrazone did not injure newly planted peach trees. However, halosulfu...
Conservative finite-volume forms of the Saint-Venant equations for hydrology and urban drainage

Abstract. New integral, finite-volume forms of the Saint-Venant equations for one-dimensional (1-D) open-channel flow are derived. The new equations are in the flux-gradient conservation form and transfer portions of both the hydrostatic pressure force and the gravitational force from the source term to the conservative flux term. This approach prevents irregular channel topography from creating an inherently non-smooth source term for momentum. The derivation introduces an analytical approximation of the free surface across a finite-volume element (e.g., linear, parabolic) with a weighting function for quadrature with bottom topography. This new free-surface/topography approach provides a single term that approximates the integrated piezometric pressure over a control volume that can be split between the source and the conservative flux terms without introducing new variables within the discretization. The resulting conservative finite-volume equations are written entirely in terms of flow rates, cross-sectional areas, and water surface elevations – without using the bottom slope ( S0 ). The new Saint-Venant equation form is (1) inherently conservative, as compared to non-conservative finite-difference forms, and (2) inherently well-balanced for irregular topography, as compared to conservative finite-volume forms using the Cunge–Liggett approach that rely on two integrations of topography. It is likely that this new equation form will be more tractable for large-scale simulations of river networks and urban drainage systems with highly variable topography as it ensures the inhomogeneous source term of the momentum conservation equation is Lipschitz smooth as long as the solution variables are smooth.
Application of Laser Holographic Interferometry to Natural Convection in Enclosures

The understanding of the natural convection processes occurring within and around a closed vessel is crucial to many proposed “alternate” energy schemes. Solar energy extraction, for example, is concerned with both convective losses from the collectors and long term stability of liquid filled thermal storage tanks. With respect to the nuclear industry, a long list of natural convection in enclosures exists. Transportation of spent fuel and storage of thermally active wastes are only two of the problems falling into this category.
Abstract 746: T Cells Play an Important Role in the Pathogenesis of Angiotensin II Induced Hypertension.

Hypertension has been attributed to NADPH oxidase activation in the vessel, brain and kidney. How these systems interact to cause hypertension remains unclear. A circulating cell might mediate hypertension, perhaps by interacting with these organs. Lymphocytes possess an NADPH oxidase and angiotensin II causes their proliferation. Accordingly, we investigated the role of lymphocytes in angiotensin II dependent hypertension. The hypertension caused by angiotensin II (Ang II; 500 ng/kg/min) was markedly reduced in RAG-1 −/− mice, which lack both T and B lymphocytes, compared to wild-type animals as measured by telemetry (MAP:124±4 vs. 142±4; n=12; p 2 ·− caused by Ang II was also blunted in RAG-1 −/− mice (25±5 vs 217±30%; p 2 ·− (210±50%). Adoptive transfer of T cells from p47phox −/− mice only partially restored the hypertensive response to Ang II (MAP: 139±4 vs. 157±5 mmHg; p −/− mice also displayed an intermediate response to Ang II. Ang II infusion caused a significant aortic T cell infiltration. Ang II infusion caused CD4 + cell activation as shown by increased CD69 + (6.0±1.3% vs 9.9±1.5% of CD4 + ; p + (7.6±0.5% vs 11.1±1.5% of CD4 + ; p 2 ·− from T cells in Ang II treated animals (11.7 ± 3 vs 30.1 ± 8 pmol/mln). These data indicate that T cells play important role in Ang II mediated hypertension. We hypothesize that angiotensin II activates T cells, which infiltrate the kidney and vessels and release cytokines which in turn stimulate oxidant production in these tissues, leading to vasoconstriction, sodium retention and hypertension. T cell activation likely contributes to the inflammation associated with hypertension and provides a link between atherosclerosis and hypertension.
The effect of chemical composition and milling conditions on composite microstructure and ignition thresholds of Al Zr ball milled powders

Abstract Specific energetic applications such as biological and chemical agent defeat, benefit from Al/metal composite materials that are easy to ignite and burn for long durations. Ignition is enabled when Al mixes with a second metal at low temperatures to form an intermetallic compound with a large, exothermic heat release. The exothermic reaction lowers the ignition threshold dramatically and raises the temperature of the powder to enable prolonged combustion even in large powders. This paper explores the effect of chemical composition and synthesis conditions on the resulting microstructure and the ignition of Al/Zr composite powders. The powders are prepared by arrested reactive ball milling (ARM) using two ball to powder mass ratios (BPR) 5 and 10, with a milling time of one hour. Here we report on the size, the microstructure and the reaction properties of the as-milled, composite powders for six different compositions: Al:3Zr, 2Al:3Zr, Al:Zr, 3Al:2Zr, 3Al:Zr and 4Al:Zr. The as-milled Zr-rich and Al-rich powders are typically larger than powders with chemistries approaching a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, and the BPR 10 powders are consistently smaller than the BPR 5 powders. The particle interiors consist of Zr inclusions in an Al matrix, with larger Zr inclusions seen for more Al-rich chemistries and for BPR 5 samples. X-ray diffraction data suggests that the as-milled Al-rich chemistries and the BPR 5 samples have less intermixing of Al and Zr as well. The lowest ignition temperatures (639 K ± 15 K and 646 K ± 18 K) were measured for BPR 5 3Al:2Zr and Al:Zr powders, respectively, and were correlated with larger heats of Al Zr formation reactions as measured by differential thermal analysis. While intermetallic reactions were initiated in all powders, combustion was not enabled for the two most Al-rich compositions. The factors that influence the ignition of exothermic reactions in the Al/Zr based composite powders are discussed.
Navigating assigned roles for asynchronous online discussions: Examining participants’ orientation using conversation analysis

Asynchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools, such as asynchronous online discussions (AODs), are widely used in higher education. Particularly for online-only classes the organization of AOD forums is of pedagogical importance, as these discussions are one of the major opportunities for participants to develop understanding of course content. This study examines participant orientations to a common AOD practice, assigning roles. The data were gathered from a graduate-level teacher education course that used forum discussion module included in Sakai. Using a conversation analytic perspective, data were examined to understand patterns in participants’ uptake of Discussion Starter and Devil’s Advocate roles in the forum. The findings demonstrate how assigning roles established a frame for participants’ understanding of course content and delimited possibilities for participation. Further, patterns of engagement related to these roles encouraged participants to distance themselves epistemically from the content of their posts. Specifically, students took up the Devil’s Advocate role in both expected and unexpected ways. While students did use this role as an opportunity to disagree with others in the forum, they also took up the role of Devil’s Advocate to pose non-critical questions as well. Pedagogical insights and the usefulness of conversation analysis as an analytical approach are discussed.
Characteristics of Observed Internal Waves in the Straits of Florida

Study and analysis of velocity, temperature and conductivity data recently acquired in the Straits of Florida over a period of time are described, in support of identifying presence of internal waves in the flow. The velocity profiles were measured using two Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs), bottom mounted in 260m water depth. The temperature and conductivity data are from periodic conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts from a surface ship and previous CTD data gathered from gliders (Todd, 2016). The spectra of the measured velocity time series at the site are compared to the Garrett-Munk spectrum, which provides the framework for confirming presence of internal wave activity.
An Exploratory Survey Study of Grand Rounds as an Interprofessional Education Tool for Graduate Students in the Health Professions

Purpose Interprofessional education (IPE), collaboration, and training are essential for health programs at the graduate level, but there are often challenges in implementing initiatives that trans...
Effect of Tapioca Flour on Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Descriptive Profiles of Chicken Breast Meat Patties

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tapioca flour (TF) on physicochemical properties and sensory qualities of chicken breast meat patties. The effects were also compared with some other commonly used meat binders. Ground chicken breast meat was either mixed with different concentrations of TF (1%, 2%, or 4% w/w) or mixed with 2% TF, potato flour, garbanzo flour, or egg white. Raw meat pH, color and cook loss and cooked meat expressible moisture, shear force, and sensory flavor and texture profiles were evaluated. The addition of TF reduced pH, cook loss, expressible moisture, and shear force and increased L* values (P 0.05) in pH, L*, and b* values; however, they had lower cook loss, expressible moisture, and shear force (P
Emotional expressions facilitate human–human trust when using automation in high-risk situations

This study investigated the utility of emotional expression for human decision aids, when human aids conflict with an automated decision support system (DSS). The increasing presence of automation ...
Inclusion and Exclusion in the White Space: An Investigation of the Experiences of People of Color in a Primarily White American Meditation Community

More people of color have begun to attend American convert Buddhist communities that have, until recently, been almost exclusively white in composition. This study seeks to explore the ways in which people of color experience racialized inclusion and exclusion in one such community. Utilizing a phenomenological methodology to examine the experiences of eleven participants of color, the present study extrapolates six distinct themes related to their experiences of racialized inclusion and exclusion. These themes are Interpersonal Barriers to Full Participation, Institutional Barriers to Full Participation, Strategies for Coping with Racialized Exclusion, Failures of Leadership Support for People of Color, Range of POC Experiences, and Promoting Equity and Inclusion. Following the explication of themes, the authors offer recommendations for primarily white meditation communities to help guide their efforts toward greater inclusion and equity for people of color.
Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies among Active Duty Soldiers, Military Retirees, and Family Members at a Military Hospital

ABSTRACT Objective: To survey soldiers, retirees, and spouses about their use and interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies. Methods: We used an anonymous, self-administered survey. Results: Of 291 completed surveys, 81% used one or more CAM therapy. The most commonly used were massage and herbal/food supplements. The most common reasons were pain, stress, and anxiety. In addition, 69% wanted CAM therapies offered at the medical treatment facility (MTF), whereas 24% would pay for the services, and 44% were undecided. Conclusion: A high percentage of soldiers, retirees, and dependents are using CAM therapies and most would prefer that they be made available at the MTF. The implications of such high CAM usage within the military suggests a need for nurses and providers to become educated in CAM therapies to better assist patients in making appropriate choices between two very different forms of medical treatment options and for consideration to provide these services within the MTF.
Experimental Demonstration and Calibration of a 16-Element Active Incoherent Millimeter-Wave Imaging Array

In this article, an active incoherent millimeter-wave imaging array is presented, along with its calibration procedure. Active incoherent millimeter-wave imaging uses the transmission of incoherent signals from multiple transmitters to mimic the properties of thermal radiation, enabling interferometric image reconstruction that can be realized in a snap-shot mode, without beamsteering. Due to the use of transmitters, the sensitivity requirement on the receivers is significantly relaxed compared with passive millimeter-wave imaging systems that detect low-power thermal radiation, making it possible to use standard commercial hardware, therefore decreasing the cost considerably. No exact knowledge of the transmit illumination is needed; thus, the coordination of the transmitters is minimal, further simplifying the system implementation. In this work, a 16-element Ka-band millimeter-wave imager is built and presented using commercial components and in-house fabricated antennas, along with a calibration procedure to account for amplitude and phase variations in the hardware. Experimental 2-D snapshot image reconstructions are presented.
Investigation of heat capacity and viscosity enhancements of binary carbonate salt mixture with SiO2 nanoparticles

Abstract A binary carbonate salt mixture (Li2CO3-K2CO3 at 62:38 molar ratio) was doped with SiO2 spherical nanoparticles at 1% concentration by weight. A differential calorimeter and a rheometer were used to study the thermal and rheological characteristics of the binary carbonate salt mixture & its nanofluids mixed with SiO2 nanoparticles. The results showed that the viscosity was enhanced by 34.0–94.4% and the heat capacity was enhanced by 19%. Furthermore, the nanofluids showed significant non-Newtonian behavior (shear-thinning). Nanofluids are known to show non-Newtonian behavior when nanoparticles have a high aspect ratio (e.g., rod-like structure, nanotube, etc.) at high concentrations. Literature study showed salt mixture can be micro-segregated near a nanoparticle. The segregated salts can crystallize on the nanoparticle surface and grow further to form dendritic nanostructures. To verify the nanostructural change, we added a minute concentration of hydroxide (0.03 wt.%) into a nanofluid to disrupt the nanostructural change and measured their properties as reported in the literature. The result showed that the heat capacity enhancement decreased from 19% to 9%. Also, the viscosity decreased from 34.0% to 8.4% (at the highest shear rate) and 94.4% to 62.8% (at the lowest shear rate), respectively. Moreover, the theoretical viscosity model predicted well at the highest shear rate (250/s), where the effect of the nanostructural change is minimal, while it failed to predict the viscosity enhancement at a low shear rate, where the nanostructural change is expected to dominate the flow. Our experimental results support that the dendritic salt nanostructures are primarily responsible for increasing both heat capacity and the shear-thinning behavior of molten salt nanofluids.
Transient exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to cytokines leads to persistent increased expression of ICAM-1.

Effects of several cytokines on kinetics of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression were studied on a bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). VCAM-1 was neither constitutively expressed on BEAS-2B cells nor induced by Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IFN-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 or Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF). ICAM-1 was constitutively expressed on BEAS-2B cells. IFN-γ and TNF-α upregulated ICAM-1 expression on these cells. The functional importance of IFN-γ plus TNF-α upregulation of ICAM-1 expression on BEAS-2B cells was demonstrated by neutrophil-BEAS-2B cell adhesion assays. Cytokines are rapidly released and cleared in animals. Therefore, transient cytokine(s) exposure might occur on the bronchial mucosa. Brief incubation of BEAS-2B cells with IFN-γ plus TNF-α led initial upregulation of ICAM-1 expression followed by a protracted downregulation. Our findings stress the importance of studying the mechanism(s) controlling the persistent increased expression of ICAM-1 after brief cytokine(s) exposure.
Identification of a Plasmodium malariae infection case by nested PCR amplificaiton of SSUrRNA gene

Objective In order to reduce misseddiagnosis and misdiagnosis,Plasmodium malariae cases can be identified by nested-PCR amplification of 18SSU rRNA gene fragements.Methods Compared with the blood samples of P.vivax and P.falciparum,a suspicious febrile patient was tested by nested PCR amplification of 18SSU rRNA gene fragments.Results By using the interspecific primers amplification,specific fregaments were amplified from the blood samples of P.vivax and P.falciparum with 120 bp and 205bp respectively,and 144 bp from the suspicious febrile patient with Plasmodium malariae specific primers.All samples did not have the specific fregments of P.ovale.Conclusion Through nested-PCR amplification of 18SSU rRNA gene fragements,it was comfirmed that the patient was infected by P.malariae. Key words: Plasmodium malariae; Small subunit ribosomal RNA; Imported malaria
Museums and Mud: An Experiential Undergraduate Geology Course for Pre-service Teachers

This chapter provides reflection on the origins, development, support and challenges, and feedback on experiential learning (EL) in my GEO 204 “Geology for Teachers” course. Many fundamental observations in geology take place outdoors, i.e., during fieldwork. The course is an introductory geology class for preservice teachers. I describe how I incorporated more hands-on, inquiry-based experiential experiences to mirror current best practices which state that science is taught more effectively at the K-16 level using hands-on, inquiry EL. The course features three or four field experiences per semester, that range from: visiting a museum to understand the diversity of minerals or a part of the history of life on earth; investigating a road cut in rural Ohio to gain insights into what southwestern Ohio was like 450 million years ago when tropical seas covered the area; measuring the orientation of scratches (glacial striations) left on bedrock by a moving glacier transporting sediment (clay, sand, pebbles, and boulders) during the “Ice Age,” in a nearby city park. Other experiences have included understanding the development of a cave system and its cave formations (stalactites, stalagmites, etc.), examining local river environments and processes, and also a “trip to Mars” at a Challenger Center—a NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) curriculum-based experiential educational facility. The incorporation of field trips allows for the investigation of real, local geology rather than textbook examples and provides opportunities to integrate geological concepts, scientific observation, and to think like a geologist.
Influence of Hormonal Fluctuations, Pregnancy, and the Postpartum Period on the Career of the Female Physician

Hormonal fluctuations throughout a woman’s lifetime have far-reaching physical and behavioral implications. For female physicians, symptoms and consequences related to menstruation, pregnancy, the postpartum period, and menopause may impact career and personal life trajectories. Various treatment options exist to help mitigate challenges that arise during these times. Cultural changes in the medical training and practice environment could help to enable female physicians to reach both career and reproductive goals. Doing so may also minimize stressors and burn out related to the difficulties faced from hormonal fluctuations, pregnancy, the postpartum period, and menopause.
Transcriptome Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Reveals Altered Proteolytic and Neuromuscular Junction Associated Gene Expressions in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemic Stroke

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability in patients worldwide. Skeletal muscle is the primary systemic target organ of stroke that induces muscle wasting and weakness, which predominantly contribute to functional disability in stroke patients. Currently, no pharmacological drug is available to treat post-stroke muscle morbidities as the mechanisms underlying post-stroke muscle wasting remain poorly understood. To understand the stroke-mediated molecular changes occurring at the transcriptional level in skeletal muscle, the gene expression profiles and enrichment pathways were explored in a mouse model of cerebral ischemic stroke via high-throughput RNA sequencing and extensive bioinformatic analyses. RNA-seq revealed that the elevated muscle atrophy observed in response to stroke was associated with the altered expression of genes involved in proteolysis, cell cycle, extracellular matrix remodeling, and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). These data suggest that stroke primarily targets muscle protein degradation and NMJ pathway proteins to induce muscle atrophy. Collectively, we for the first time have found a novel genome-wide transcriptome signature of post-stroke skeletal muscle in mice. Our study will provide critical information to further elucidate specific gene(s) and pathway(s) that can be targeted to mitigate accountable for post-stroke muscle atrophy and related weakness.
Effects of allergic airway inflammation and chronic intermittent hypoxia on systemic blood pressure.

Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are highly prevalent chronic conditions, and both are associated with systemic hypertension. Additionally, asthma and OSA reciprocally interact, mutually ex...
Precious Metals in SDSS Quasar Spectra II: Tracking the Evolution of Strong, 0.4 < z < 2.3 MgII Absorbers with Thousands of Systems

We have vastly increased the CIV statistics at intermediate redshift by surveying the thousands of quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data-Release 7. We visually verified over 16,000 CIV systems with 1.46 5 (infrared) surveys, we see an approximately 10-fold increase in dN_CIV/dX over z ~ 6 --> 0, for W_r >= 0.6 \AA. This suggests a monotonic and significant increase in the enrichment of gas outside galaxies over the 12 Gyr lifetime of the universe.
555 Inhibition of FOXP3 by stapled alpha-helical peptides alters Regulatory T Cell function

Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been a therapeutic target of interest since early pre-clinical work revealed that their depletion led to enhanced tumor control. Despite continuing advances in the development of novel cellular-, antibody- and chemotherapeutic-based strategies to increase anti-tumor immunity, Treg presence and activity within the tumor microenvironment remains a complicating factor to their clinical efficacy. To overcome dosing limitations and off-target effects from antibody-based Treg deletional strategies, we investigated the ability to target FOXP3, the master regulator of Treg development, maintenance, and suppressive function using hydrocarbon stapled alpha-helical peptides (SAHs). We developed SAHs in the likeness of a portion of the native FOXP3 antiparallel coiled-coil homodimerization domain, in an effort to impede FOXP3 transcriptional function. SAHs overcome three major protein-protein interaction (PPI) therapeutic hurdles, namely: cellular penetrance, target specificity, and secondary structure stability. Our overall goal is to use these SAHs as investigatory drugs to demonstrate proof-of concept of the druggability of FOXP3. We aim to show their utility to further understand FOXP3 transcriptional dynamics and explore their potential use in altering the immune landscape in combination with other immune-focused therapies. Methods Utilizing the FOXP3 crystal structure as a guide, we developed a number of single and double SAH peptides corresponding to the leucine zipper homodimerization domain (DD) of FOXP3 (SAH-FOXP3DDs). We tested the ability of SAH-FOXP3DDs to bind FOXP3, to access the intracellular compartment, to alter Treg transcriptional and phenotypic profiles, and to inhibit Treg-mediated immune suppression. Results Select SAH-FOXP3DDs bound recombinant FOXP3ΔN and the FOXP3 leucine zipper (LZCC) domain with high affinity and dose-dependently inhibited binding of FOXP3 to cognate DNA in vitro. Lead SAH-FOXP3DDs were cell permeable and showed no non-specific toxicity to T cells at high concentrations. Flow cytometric and qRT-PCR analysis of treated Tregs revealed dose-dependent changes in protein and gene expression of several FOXP3 targets suggestive of FOXP3-specific transcriptional alteration. Treatment of Tregs with lead SAHs effectively inhibited in vitro Treg-mediated T cell suppression and induced global gene expression changes corresponding to loss of function Foxp3 in vivo. Conclusions This work supports the ability of SAHs to target transcription factors, particularly as a method of interrogating specific PPI functions, and provides strong proof-of-principle evidence that FOXP3 is druggable. SAH-FOXP3DDs will not only further our understanding of FOXP3 transcriptional control but will serve as prototype therapeutics whereby we can explore their ability to amplify anti-tumor immunity in pre-clinical tumor models.
Research on Low Voltage Early Warning of Distribution Network Based on Improved DNN-LSTM Algorithm

The voltage control scheme of distribution network is mainly aimed at the current situation, the load of distribution network is constantly changing, and the transformation of power grid has a certain time effect, so it is necessary to evaluate the voltage control scheme of distribution network considering the load growth. Based on the local comprehensive voltage qualification rate index and load voltage sensitivity index, the change of local comprehensive voltage qualification rate of distribution network in a period of time is analyzed. Based on the whole period of time, the increment of unit cost comprehensive voltage qualification rate is calculated, and the effect of low-voltage control of distribution network is evaluated dynamically. The effectiveness is verified by an example, which provides the time efficiency evaluation for low-voltage transformation project of distribution network. Theoretical basis.
Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract: A single-institute study of 43 cases.

Abstract Objectives To characterize the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) in the gastrointestinal tract. Design A total of 43 cases were identified and reassessed based on modern classification. Results The cohort (27M, 16F; median age: 66 years) included 16 (37%) large cell NEC, 12 (28%) small cell NEC, 5 (12%) NEC not otherwise specified, and 10 (23%) mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas. Tumor predominantly involved the colon (n = 14, 33%), rectum (n = 13, 30%), and esophagus (n = 9, 21%). Immunohistochemically, INSM1 was the most sensitive marker for neuroendocrine differentiation (28/28, 100%), followed by synaptophysin (40/43, 93%), CD56 (22/35, 63%), and chromogranin (18/40, 45%). SATB2, CDX2, CK20, CK7, abnormal p53, and PD-L1 was positive in 21/26 (81%), 26/37 (70%), 11/35 (31%), 10/35 (29%), 19/24 (79%), and 12/23 (52%) cases, respectively. Three of 25 (11%) were mismatch repair protein deficient. Of 21 resected tumors, 19 (90%) were ≥ pT3 and 13 (62%) had nodal metastasis. Twenty-eight (65%) had distant metastasis. The 5-year survival rate was 21%. The prognosis was stage dependent (p Conclusion Gastrointestinal NECs are aggressive neoplasms. INSM1, synaptophysin, and SATB2 are sensitive markers, although not site or tumor type specific.
The Utility of Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Endoscopy has become an indispensable tool in the diagnosis, classification, and management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Modern developments in endoscopic evaluations and therapy in IBD like small bowel capsule endoscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy, and small bowel enteroscopy have revolutionized the management of IBD. These advancements have reduced the need for more invasive modalities like surgical procedures and excessive biopsies. They have also greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy for IBD endoscopy and provided gastroenterologists the ability to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract in its entirety. This article reviews screening guidelines, typical endoscopic findings, postoperative endoscopic evaluations, specialized endoscopic evaluations (like small bowel capsule endoscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), and therapeutic endoscopy in IBD (like endoscopic stricture dilatation, endoscopic drug delivery, stent placement, and fecal microbiota transplant). Different scoring systems like the Montreal classification for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis and the Mayo classification for ulcerative colitis are also discussed.