cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Indications and Techniques for the Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Shoulder

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has recently been a topic of significant interest in the orthopedic community. In addition to the numerous basic science studies regarding the in vitro effects of PRP, there is more literature regarding the use of PRP in the clinical setting. PRP is overall very safe and carries minimal risk for the patient, making it appealing even if there is a small improvement in the final outcome. There appears to be significant interest in using it in the shoulder, particularly in conjunction with rotator cuff repair. We briefly outline the basics of PRP and discuss a few potential operative and nonoperative indications, such as rotator cuff tendinitis, biceps tendinitis, rotator cuff tears, and superior labrum anterior-posterior lesions.
Implementing Health Behavior Change in Primary Care: Lessons From Prescription for Health

PURPOSE Our objective was to identify themes that emerged from the evaluation of 17 interventions funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Prescription for Health that aimed to enhance adherence to healthy behaviors in the primary care setting. METHODS We performed a content analysis of diary data from this 16-month ini- tiative. Other data sources used to complement this analysis include funded grant applications and fi eld notes from interviews with investigative teams and a lim- ited number of site visits. Participants were 17 practice-based research networks (PBRNs) that had projects funded during Round 1 of Prescription for Health. RESULTS Five themes emerged regarding implementation of health behavior change: (1) health behavior change resources are enthusiastically received by prac- tices and patients, and when given a choice, patients prefer methods of assistance that involve personal contact; (2) practice extenders require extensive training, as well as careful case management and support, in order to function fully and avoid burnout; (3) integrating behavior change tools into the primary care setting requires time, effort, and often specialized expertise; (4) even simple interventions require practice change, and use of a practice change model to guide implementation efforts is crucial; and (5) research philosophy and project management approaches vary across PBRNs and have implications for the potential sustainability of an intervention. CONCLUSIONS A more versatile, multifaceted solution involving new tools, tech- nologies, and multidisciplinary care teams is needed in order to integrate health behavior change into everyday primary care routines. Even the best interventions require a model to articulate how to integrate an innovation into practices.
1.2 MW DC-DC converter

A DC-DC power converter has been developed to charge power capacitors to 16 kV from a 400 V battery bank. It is designed to charge an 8.5 MJ bank nine times in 3 min. The converter is composed of six modules, each producing 12.5 A of charging current, and an enclosure which houses the modules and provides control power and a master controller. The six 200 kW modules have a combined power rating of 1.2 MW. The pulse width modulation converter system operates at 24 kHz and contains inverters with power metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) as the principal inverter components, 200 kW power transformers and power inductors, and full-bridge rectifiers with fast recovery diodes. The converter modules have a volume power density of 1.0 MW/m/sup 3/ and a mass power density of 1.2 kW/kg. The converter design and test results are described. >
Sentence Topics, Syntactic Subjects, and Domains in Texts.

In sentences with validity markers in the syntactic subject and adjacent positions, the frequent correspondence between syntactic subject and sentence topic in English sentences is broken. Because this correspondence has been shown to have substantial and positive effects upon readers' processing of and perceptions about texts, breaking the correspondence might have significant negative effects on readers. This study begins to explore how such syntactic subjects affect readers. It shows that readers recall such subjects very poorly, but it also suggests that in order to discover more precisely how readers represent such subjects in memory, new and rich models of language and of possible domains in texts will be needed.
Interactive ray tracing of time varying data

We present a simple and effective algorithm for ray tracing iso-surfaces of time varying data sets. Each time step is partitioned into separate ranges of potentional iso-surface values. This creates a large number of relatively small files. Out-of-core rendering is implemented by reading for each time step the relevant iso-surface file, which contains its own spatial subdivision as well as the volumetric data. Since any of these data partitions is smaller than a single time step, the I/O bottleneck is overcome. Our method capitalizes on the ability of modern architectures to stream data off disk without interference of the operating system. Additionally, only a fraction of a time-step is held in memory at any moment during the visualization, which significantly reduces the required amount of internal memory.
Operational Experience with a Prototype Fast Kicker Modulator

The modulator built to test components for the proposed AGS fast kicker operated at 800 MW peak output for 1700 hours. Its unique circuit is described and the operating conditions are listed. The results of the testing of various high power components are discussed.
Development of a Macroscopic Yield Function for Polymeric Foams

A macroscopic yield function is proposed here to characterize a polymeric foam under a full range of loading conditions. The principal stresses of a stress tensor and the second invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor are the main parameters in the yield function. The yield function is expressed in terms of a linear combination of non-quadratic functions of the relative principal stresses and the second invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor. The non-quadratic yield function can be used to describe the yield behavior of a polymeric foam in Deshpande and Fleck [1] under a full range of loading conditions. A comparison of different macroscopic yield functions to describe the yield behavior of the foam is also presented.
Quantitative and qualitative methods in psychotherapy research

In 2009, a special issue of Psychotherapy Research was devoted to “Quantitative and Qualitative Methods.” It contained a collection of informative articles examining quantitative, qualitative, and ...
Angel or demon? Self-monitoring differences in the mental representations of current versus former romantic partners

AbstractWe investigated whether high and low self-monitors had (a) segregated/integrated and (b) uniformly favorable (angelic)/uniformly unfavorable (demonic) mental representations of actual romantic partners. Self-monitoring was assessed using the 25-item Self-Monitoring Scale and the structure of mental representations was calculated using a modified segregation/integration measure. In Study 1, low self-monitors were more likely than high self-monitors to have (a) segregated and (b) disproportionally favorable mental representations of their current romantic partners. In Study 2, low self-monitors were more likely than high self-monitors to have (a) segregated and (b) generally unfavorable mental representations of their former romantic partners. Self-monitoring differences were not moderated in either study by relationship longevity or conflict.
‘Put me in, coach, I’m ready to play’: sexuality education for adults at Good Vibrations

AbstractAlthough sex education is often provided to young people, there is a lack of spaces where adults can go to learn more about sex from experts in a free and welcoming environment. One place that provides an opportunity for adult sex education is adult sexual retail stores. While these stores aim to be commercially successful, they also fulfil a role of educating adults about sex and sexuality. This study explains how Good Vibrations (GV), a sex-positive adult sexual retail store company in the USA, disseminates sexuality education for adults. Using qualitative methods including observations, interviews and textual analysis, I show how GV serves as a coach to its patrons. The coaching framework described here promotes shared responsibility through inclusive and accessible education, highlighting communication and focusing on pleasure and positivity. This paper provides one of the first evidence-based accounts of how an adult sexual retailer educates its customers and provides a model for sexuality ed...
"The Insatiable Maw of Bureaucracy": Antistatism and Education Reform in the 1920s.

Like most other people, political historians are attracted to winners. Thus, they have focused on successful candidates and on enacted legislation. But battles waged and lost are just as revealing of political, social, and cultural context as those waged and won. A case in point is the attempt in the 1920s to establish a federal department of education. The struggle over the department of education illuminates important components of the political climate of that decade, including the persistence of Progressive reform efforts and the importance of ethnic and religious conflict. The focus here, however, will be on examining the successful opposition to the department as a means of analyzing the pervasive antistate sentiment in the 1920s, which not only hampered reform during that decade but also deepened an already potent tradition of hostility to federal power. Largely forgotten now, the proposed education department aroused a debate so heated that the New York Times described it as "a controversial discussion that spreads in an accelerating wave over the whole country, until every village is lined up pro or con."1 On the pro side stood the National Education Association (NEA), which proposed the bill in 1918 as a comprehensive reform measure. Also lined up in support of the measure were fraternal orders, such as the Masons, who viewed it as a vehicle for promoting one-hundred-percent Americanism. Their efforts indicate the continuation into the 1920s of the Progressive Era faith in state solutions, but they also reveal the complexity of motives shaping that faith. The fight against the education bill united such unlikely allies as the Catholic church, states' rights politicians, former Progressives, and the elitist, conservative Sentinels of the Republic in a shared rhetoric of hostility to an expanding federal, bureaucratic presence. By revealing the diverse sources of antistate thought, the opposition to the bill indicates that the antistate tradition has not been inherited solely from the nineteenth-century "mainstream" American political tradition of federalism, states' rights, localism, and laissez-faire. Although these attitudes were a
The Effect of Counseling on Adjustment in Prison

Great variations in interest profiles were found among students both between and within the engineering, agriculture, business, science, and liberal arts academic fields. The highest mean interest percentile scores found were 80 for the scientific interest for science students, 79 for the persuasive interest for business students, 76 for the persuasive interest for liberal arts students, and 71 for the mechanical interest for engineering students.
Methodological issues in linking costs and health outcomes in research on differing care delivery systems.

OBJECTIVES This article discusses, from an economist's point of view, issues in designing and conducting research including cost and outcomes variables among differing care delivery systems. METHODS Issues were identified, and selected research purporting to link cost and outcomes with variations in care delivery systems was reviewed. RESULTS Current literature on nursing care delivery systems and costs in hospitals, ambulatory care, and nursing homes is focused mainly on group-specific costs linked to patient-specific outcomes. It suffers further from focusing primarily on single-discipline components of care, omitting the contributions of other providers beyond nursing personnel. CONCLUSIONS Multidisciplinary teams, including economists who can speak clinical language, are recommended.
Chronic glucagon administration enhances intestinal transport in the rat.

SummaryHyperglucagonemia, induced experimentally in rats by 6-hourly injections of glucagon, resulted in increased intestinal transport of amino acids and sugar as measured by the everted ring technique. Glucagon administration enhanced both accumulation and rate of uptake into the intestinal rings. The effect was observed after a lag of 2 days and increased thereafter with the length of treatment. Glucagon added in vitro was without effect.This experimental system, like diabetes and partial starvation, provides a technique for studying the effect of relative or absolute hyperglucagonemia on the intestine.
Control of microstructures propelled via bacterial baths

In this work, we explore a unique approach to harvest energy from active matter in order to independently power and control many untethered, mobile microrobots. More specifically, we investigate microstructure transport caused by stochastic collisions between freely swimming cells and rigid microstructure boundaries in a dense bacterial bath. We characterize the motion of asymmetrically shaped microstructures, specifically gears and chevrons, and demonstrate control of these microrobots by altering the motility of swimming cells with high intensity blue light. We demonstrate both rotational and translational motion control using a custom system for tracking and real-time automated exposure of local bath regions using visual feedback. These experiments are supported by a mathematical model and simulations which describe the dynamics of a microstructure propelled by many stochastic cellstructure collisions. This model allows us to predict microrobot trajectories and to develop improved strategies for microrobot design and control.
Independently addressable multispot native-oxide confined (AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P quantum well lasers

Oxidation of aluminum-based III–V compounds has attracted a great deal of interest in fabricating edge-emitting and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers recently.1
Reasoning Geo-Spatial Neutral Similarity from Seismic Data Using Mixture and State Clustering Models

Conventionally, earthquake events are recognized by guided and well established geographical region confines. However, explicit regional schemes are prone to overlook patterns manifested by cross-boundary seismic relations that are regarded vital to seismological research. Rather, we investigate a statistically motivated system that clusters earthquake impacted places by similarity in seismic feature space, and is hence impartial to geo-spatial proximity constraints. To facilitate our study, we have acquired hundreds of thousands recordings of earthquake episodes that traverse an extended time period of forty years. Episodes are split into groups singled out by their affiliated geographical place, and from each, we have extracted objective seismic features expressed in both a compact term-frequency of scales format, and as a discrete signal representation that captures magnitude samples spaced in regular time intervals. Attribute vectors of the distributional and temporal domains are further applied towards our mixture model and Markov chain frameworks, respectively, to conduct clustering of presumed unlabeled, shake affected locations. We performed comprehensive cluster analysis and classification experiments, and report robust results that support the intuition of geo-spatial neutral similarity.
Outreach and Engagement for Clients Experiencing Co-occurring Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders

Consumers with co-occurring substance use and behavioral health disorders present a particular challenge to the health care system. For example, only approximately half of all psychiatric inpatients receive follow-up behavioral health care. This is undoubtedly a result of various systemic problems; however, failure to properly engage consumers in care is a significant contributor. Authors Sawh and Smelson review practical strategies such as Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) as they apply to this population. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding the MISSION program (Maintaining Independence and Sobriety through Systems Integration, Outreach, and Networking), an approach developed by Smelson and colleagues based on five evidence-based components.
CREATIVE DESIGN IN THE SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLES: A MEMORIAL TO PROFESSOR IGOR V. MAGEDOV

How to Cite Kornienko, A. Chem. Heterocycl. Compd. 2014 , 50 , 117. [ Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin. 2014 , 137.] For this article in the English edition see DOI 10.1007/s10593-014-1454-y
Rattling Spears: A History of Indigenous Australian Art

‘The crucial starting point of this book’, art historian Ian McLean states in his introduction to Rattling Spears, ‘is that Indigenous art has a modern history; it is one of the many modernisms pro...
Factors associated with attrition in substance using patients enrolled in an intensive outpatient program.

Background and Objectives Data suggest individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) have high rates of attrition from treatment and exhibit impairments on measures of executive functioning (EF). The primary aim of this pilot study was to investigate if EF is associated with attrition from a 1 month intensive outpatient program (IOP) for SUD, and examine the feasibility of implementing the project. Methods Baseline neurocognitive functioning was assessed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and the self-reported Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF-A) questionnaire. Results Thirty subjects enrolled in the pilot study: including 20 “completers” (age 39.5 ± 13.1 years) and 10 “drop-outs” who discontinued the IOP prior to completion (age 32 ± 11.1 years). IOP drop-out was associated with earlier age of substance use onset (all p-values <0.05) and male gender, as well as greater SUD, opiate use, and past week substance use. Overall a high level of executive dysfunction was found on the BRIEF-A and CANTAB assessments, and specific differences emerged between completers and drop outs. However, no statistically significant differences were found between these groups on measures of depression, anxiety, or ADHD. Conclusions and Scientific Significance Overall, findings from this pilot study suggest high levels of self-reported executive dysfunction, but EF's predictive association with drop-out was limited. Measures of addiction severity were more strongly associated with attrition, suggesting potential utility of brief motivational interventions prior to commencing an IOP may improve retention. Further investigations with larger and more diverse samples are warranted. (Am J Addict 2017;26:780–787)
Validation of the LupusPRO version 1.8: an update to a disease-specific patient-reported outcome tool for systemic lupus erythematosus:

Objectives LupusPRO has shown good measurement properties as a disease-specific patient-reported outcome tool in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). For the purpose of clinical trials, the version 1.7 (v1.7) domain of Pain-Vitality was separated into distinct Pain, Vitality and Sleep domains in v1.8, and the psychometric properties examined. Methods A total of 131 consecutive SLE patients were self-administered surveys assessing fatigue (FACIT, SF-36), pain (Pain Inventory, SF-36), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index), emotional health (PHQ-9, SF-36) and quality of life (SF-36, LupusPRO) at routine care visits. Internal consistency reliability (ICR) for each domain was obtained using Cronbach's alpha. The convergent construct validity of LupusPRO domains with corresponding SF-36 domains or tools were tested using Spearman correlation. Varimax rotations were conducted to assess factor structures of the LupusPRO v1.8. Results Mean (SD) age was 40.04 (14.10) years. Scores from the LupusPRO-Sleep domain strongly correlated with insomnia scores, while LupusPRO-Vitality correlated strongly with fatigue (FACIT) and SF-36 vitality. The LupusPRO-Pain domain correlated strongly with pain (SF36 Bodily-Pain, Pain Inventory) scores. Similarly, the LupusPRO domains of Physical and Emotional Health had significant correlations with corresponding SF-36 domains. The ICR for HRQoL and non-HRQoL were 0.96 and 0.81. LupusPRO (domains HRQoL and QoL) scores correlated with disease activity. Principal component analysis included seven factor loadings presenting for the HRQOL subscales (combined Sleep, Vitality, and Pain), and three factors for the NHRQoL (Combined Coping and Social Support). Conclusions LupusPRO v1.8 (including its Sleep, Vitality, and Pain domains) has acceptable reliability and validity. Use of LupusPRO as an outcome measure in clinical trials would facilitate responsiveness assessment.
Reducing the photocatalysis induced by hot electrons of plasmonic nanoparticles due to tradeoff of photothermal heating.

Silver nanotetrahedron (AgNT) two-dimensional arrays on a glass substrate generate nonthermal hot electrons, which induced photocatalytic oxidation of 4,4-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) adsorbed onto its surface. The rate of the photocatalytic oxidation of DMAB is found to decrease upon increasing the intensity of the excitation light, unlike traditional photocatalysis reactions. The amount of 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) resulting from the photocatalytic oxidation of DMAB is lower than expected, suggesting the partial desorption of DMAB or 4-NTP molecules from the surface of the AgNTs. However, the hot electrons remaining from the photocatalysis reaction thermalize and transfer their energy to the nanoparticle lattices, generating heat. The photothermal heat is sufficient to dissociate the Ag–S bond causing desorption of both DMAB and 4-NTP.
Young adults’ contact experiences and attitudes toward aging: age salience and intergroup anxiety in South Korea*

From the theoretical perspectives of communication accommodation and intergroup contact, this study examined South Korean young adults’ (N = 301) perceptions of their communication experiences with...
On the vortices for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in higher dimensions.

We consider the nonlinear Schrdinger equation in n space dimensions and study the existence and stability of standing wave solutions of the form and For n2k, (rj,j) are polar coordinates in , j1,2,...
Radiographic evaluation of subcutaneously injected, water-soluble, iodinated contrast for lymphography in dogs

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is common in many types of human cancers, and is gaining utility in veterinary medicine. There are currently many different methods described in veterinary medicine for pre-operative SLN mapping, however, most of these are restricted to referral institutions due to cost and need for specialized equipment. The purpose of this prospective, pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of radiographic evaluation of water-soluble, iodinated contrast (WIC) injected subcutaneously for lymphography in dogs. Eight dogs were injected with 1-2 milliliters of WIC into the subcutaneous tissues overlying the tarsus in 4 separate locations mimicking a circumferential, peri-tumoral injection. Radiographs were taken at select time points up to 50 minutes. Image sequences were evaluated by a single, board-certified radiologist. All 8 dogs had visible contrast-enhancing lymphatic channels. Median time to lymphatic enhancement was immediately post-injection. Seven dogs (88%) had 8 contrast enhancing lymph nodes (7 popliteal and 1 superficial inguinal). Median time to lymph node enhancement was 20 minutes. In this study, the plantar aspect of the pes drained to the superficial inguinal lymph node, and the dorsal aspect of the pes drained to the popliteal lymph node. Subcutaneously-injected WIC was readily identifiable in the lymphatic channels and draining lymph node(s). Subcutaneously injected WIC may offer a practical alternative to previously described pre-operative methods of SLN mapping. Additionally, one cannot assume that the popliteal lymph node alone, drains lesions of the distal pelvic limb.
Spectral element boundary integral method for rapid and accurate simulations of inhomogeneous objects in layered media in nanophotonics

We recently developed an efficient numerical solver, the spectral element boundary integral (SEBI) method with the periodic layered medium dyadic Green's functions, to perform rapid and accurate simulations in nanophotonic applications. The problem is Bloch (Floquet) periodic in the lateral directions but has a multilayer background medium in the vertical direction, and arbitrary objects are embedded in the layered medium. We employ the periodic layered medium dyadic Green's function, and the surface integral equations as the radiation boundary condition to truncate the top and bottom computation boundaries of the interior domain that is simulated by the spectral element method. Therefore, all multiple scatterings within the top and bottom layered media have been analytically accounted for in the radiation boundary condition, and the computational domain is only limited to the inhomogeneous objects embedded in the layered medium. Consequently, this SEBI solver can be much more efficient than conventional methods. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this solver for several typical nanophotonic applications.
Temperature Dependence of the Surface Tension between Liquid Helium-4 and Cesium

Pricaupenko and Treiner 1 predicted a small but non-negligible temperature dependence of the surface tension between liquid helium and cesium. However, when the effects of bulk phonons in both liquid and solid are taken into account, the temperature dependence is found to be significantly weaker. The effect of surface adsorption, surface stress and surface elasticity are also considered, and found to be negligible. Experimental results have so far been contradictory.
Vitamin D and arthritis

Vitamin D is a pleiotropic steroid molecule that exerts its physiological effects through the ubiquitous vitamin D receptor. Vitamin D is formed from its precursor in the skin upon exposure to the sunlight. Its importance in calcium homeostasis has been well known for a century, but recently several non-calcemic effects have been recognized. Vitamin D regulates several genes involved in cellular differentiation, apoptosis and has immunomodulatory effects. Epidemiologic data suggest that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of common cancers and autoimmune diseases. In experimental animal models, autoimmune diseases can be ameliorated by treatment with active vitamin D metabolites. Potential use of vitamin D supplementation to modify these diseases would certainly be a novel approach. Preliminary data from cross-sectional studies show that low vitamin D levels may be associated with increased disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Other studies show a possible increased risk of osteoarthritis with low vitamin D levels. These findings, while interesting, are not confirmed by all studies. Moreover, the cross-sectional design of these studies does not establish causality. Currently, the optimal and minimal level of vitamin D required for its physiological functions in humans is unknown. We, thus, await more research and randomized controlled interventional trials to answer these critical questions.
Applications of MP -1 anion exchange resin and Eichrom LN resin in berkelium-249 purification

Purification of berkelium-249 (249Bk) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory requires a multi-step process with Bk Finishing as the final step. The current multi-process takes 6–7 months, including ~ 3 months spent on Bk Finishing. Recent trials of using columns of either LN resin or MP-1 anion exchange resin adsorbing the tetravalent 249Bk4+ in 8M HNO3-0.5M NaBrO3, followed by eluting impurities (e.g. Ce4+, Cf3+) and stripping 249Bk resulted in a new dual column method of selectively separating 249Bk from other trans-curium elements and fission product impurities, which is proposed to replace the current Bk Finishing with higher Bk purification efficiency and shorter processing period. This paper displays the experimental results and describes the dual column method with relevant chemistry issues.
A Two-Stage Cepstral Analysis Procedure for the Classification of Rough Voices

Summary Objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a two-stage method of cepstral peak identification to effectively discriminate rough vs breathy vs typical voice in sustained vowel productions. It was hypothesized that a dual-stage search for cepstral peak prominences (CPP's) above and below specified quefrency/F0 cutoffs would result in a CPP difference that would be characteristic of the rough, diplophonic voice type. Methodology. Central one-second portions of sustained vowel /a/ productions were obtained from 90 subjects (rough, breathy, and normophonic voices). All voice samples were analyzed using a a two-stage cepstral analysis process in which a CPP H i g h − L o w difference value was obtained by identifying cepstral peaks above and below a lower limit for expected F0 (150 Hz for females and 90 Hz for males), called CPPHigh and CPPLow respectively. Results. The CPP H i g h − L o w difference value was observed to be a highly significant predictor, with negative values for this parameter characteristic of a dominant subharmonic in the voice signal and the perception of diplophonic, rough voice. Correct classification of rough vs nonrough voice samples was 82.2% (sensitivity 0.80 and specificity 0.833). In the consideration of three group classification (breathy vs. normophonic vs. rough), models incorporating two predictors (the CPP obtained from a single search through a 60 to 300 Hz frequency range (CPPDefault) and the CPP H i g h − L o w difference value) correctly classified 78.88% of the voice samples. Conclusions. Rough, diplophonic voices were consistently observed to have a subharmonic peak that was greater in amplitude than the cepstral peak obtained within the region of the expected F0, resulting in a negative value for the CPP H i g h − L o w difference. The two-stage cepstral analysis process described herein is visually intuitive from the graphical display of a cepstrum and is a simple extended calculation derived from cepstral analysis procedures that have been recommended as essential in the acoustic description of vocal quality.
Within-crown plasticity in leaf traits among the tallest conifers.

Premise of the study Leaves are the sites of greatest water stress in trees and a key means of acclimation to the environment. We considered phenotypic plasticity of Pseudotsuga menziesii leaves in their ecological context, exploring responsiveness to natural gradients in water stress (indicated by sample height) and light availability (measured from hemispherical photos) to understand how leaf structure is controlled by abiotic factors in tall tree crowns. Methods After measuring anatomy, morphology, and carbon isotope composition (δ13 C) of leaves throughout crowns of P. menziesii >90 m tall, we compared structural plasticity of leaves among the three tallest conifer species using equivalent data from past work on Sequoia sempervirens and Picea sitchensis. Key results Leaf mass per projected area (LMA) and δ13 C increased and mesoporosity (airspace/area) decreased along the water-stress gradient, while light did not play a detectable role in leaf development. Overall, leaves of P. menziesii were far less phenotypically responsive to within-crown abiotic gradients than either P. sitchensis, whose leaves responded strongly to light availability, or S. sempervirens, whose leaves responded equally strongly to water stress. Conclusions P. menziesii maintain remarkably consistent leaf structure despite pronounced vertical gradients in abiotic factors. Contrasting patterns of leaf structural plasticity underlie divergent ecological strategies of the three tallest conifer species, which coexist in Californian rainforests.
Industry Competencies and the Optimal Hospitality Management Curriculum: An Empirical Study

The purposes of this study were to investigate hospitality managers’ perceptions of the skills and knowledge of hospitality students and compare them to U.S. hospitality management undergraduate cu...
Analysts’ earnings forecasting behavior surrounding uncertain regulatory events: evidence from the Tax Reform Act of 1986

This study examines analysts’ forecasting behaviour in the presence of significant tax policy uncertainty. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86) was preceded by a lengthy debate, allowing us to invest...
Female resistance to sexual coercion can evolve to preserve the indirect benefits of mate choice

Sexual conflict over the indirect benefits of mate choice may arise when traits in one sex limit the ability of the other sex to freely choose mates but when these coercive traits are not necessarily directly harmful (i.e. forced fertilization per se). Although we might hypothesize that females can evolve resistance in order to retain the indirect, genetic benefits (reflected in offspring attractiveness) of mating with attractive males, up to now it has been difficult to evaluate potential underlying mechanisms. Traditional theoretical approaches do not usually conceptually distinguish between female preference for male mating display and female resistance to forced fertilization, yet sexual conflict over indirect benefits implies the simultaneous action of all of these traits. Here, we present an integrative theoretical framework that draws together concepts from both sexual selection and sexual conflict traditions, allowing for the simultaneous coevolution of displays and preferences, and of coercion and resistance. We demonstrate that it is possible for resistance to coercion to evolve in the absence of direct costs of mating to preserve the indirect benefits of mate choice. We find that resistance traits that improve the efficacy of female mating preference can evolve as long as females are able to attain some indirect benefits of mating with attractive males, even when both attractive and unattractive males can coerce. These results reveal new evolutionary outcomes that were not predicted by prior theories of indirect benefits or sexual conflict.
Portal vein thrombosis leading to pre-sinusoidal non-cirrhotic portal hypertension resulting in decreased synthetic function of the liver

Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH), defined as elevated portal pressures in the absence of cirrhosis, is a relatively rare cause of elevated portal pressures in western countries. In NCPH decompensated liver disease is common, but complications are often mitigated by appropriate medical therapy. Liver synthetic function loss is uncommon. We present a unique case of a patient with biopsy proven NCPH, who eventually developed progressive loss of hepatic synthetic function in the setting of long standing portal hypertension. This loss of synthetic function corresponded with the interval development of incomplete septal cirrhosis (ISC), and progression of previously noted nodular regenerative hyperplasia in biopsies performed 7 years apart. Our patient's clinical course was complicated by multiple hospitalizations for gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Patients with ISC have higher rates of bleeding varices when compared to patients with macronodular cirrhosis. While patients with NCPH typically have better overall survival and fewer bleeding complications than cirrhotic patients, this is typically attributed to the former having preserved synthetic function. It appears that the presence of ISC may be a poor prognosticator in patients with NCPH.
Demographic Imperatives for Educational Reform for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students

Rapid demographic changes in culture, race/ethnicity, and language in the United States have exerted a powerful influence on public schools, raising significant concerns or issues relative to the ability of the educational system to successfully educate all of its children as future citizens of a democratic society. Educational outcome data for students from nondominant sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds highlight the failure of public schools to successfully educate all students. This lack of success is reflected in higher rates of retention, attrition, and placement in special education; lower rates of high school graduation and college entrance; and fewer degrees awarded. Implications for the future of society and policy priorities are suggested.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an established and routine examination in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Currently, the MRI-derived metrics are the most sensitive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for MS patients. The accumulating evidence of previously undetected widespread disease activity and progressive neurodegeneration emphasizes the need for better understanding of the disease pathophysiology. This review addresses the significance of a large variety of nonconventional MRI techniques including measurement of brain atrophy, use of iron-based contrast agents, magnetization transfer imaging (MTI), diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), functional MRI (fMRI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), and quantitative MRI (qMRI). Their future perspectives in use for clinical MS and new drug discovery are also discussed. Before clinical implementation of the nonconventional MRI modalities, further standardization is still warranted.
The Impact of Local Heart Allocation on Post-Transplant Survival

Purpose The heart allocation system allocates hearts based on geographic distance between donor and transplant centers, blood type and severity of illness. The Donor Service Area (DSA) designation and fixed distance radii may be abolished if a continuous allocation is implemented. This study sought to assess whether donor heart allocation within the DSA is associated with a survival benefit. Methods Heart transplant recipients between 2010 and 2018 were identified in the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN). Following adjustment for the expected post-transplant graft survival, a Bayesian logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of DSA versus extra-DSA allocation of donor hearts. The primary outcome was one-year graft survival adjusted for risk of graft failure using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipient's (SRTR) January 2019 adjustment model. Results Locally allocated donor hearts were more likely younger and gender matched and had lower prevalence of donor diabetes and smoking when compared to those imported from another DSA (Table 1). The proportion of locally shared organs between regions varied significantly (p Conclusion Following adjustment for recipient and donor factors, we found that allocation of organs within the DSA did not reduce one-year graft failure rates.
Submesoscale current effects on surface waves

Abstract We present a numerical study of current effects on waves (CEW) at submesoscales (100’s of m–10’s of km) with a realistic model configuration in Southern California. CEW is analyzed by comparing solutions forced by winds with and without current forcing through relative differences. The modulation of wave field due to currents is larger for the wave-breaking variables (i.e., whitecap coverage, air-entrainment, and energy dissipation) followed by the resolved mean square slope, surface Stokes drift, and the significant wave height. Background currents on average increase the directional spreading by 0.9°and modulate the mean wave direction within ± 5°. CEW decreases with increasing wind speed because the rms current gradients also decrease while the wind forcing and breaking restore the wave field towards equilibrium faster at higher winds. Empirical scalings based on the mean wave period, rms current gradients, and friction velocity are found to explain 80% or more of the variability for the model differences due to CEW except for the significant wave height, explaining 66% of the variability. The statistics of model differences due to CEW are approximately Gaussian for the significant wave height, symmetric with finite excess kurtosis for the higher spectral moments, and positively skewed with excess kurtosis for the wave-breaking variables.
102. HACKING OUR WAY TO IMPROVEMENT: LEVERAGING THE HEALTHCARE HACKATHON TO ENGAGE HOUSESTAFF IN QI

Residents and fellows are uniquely positioned to identify opportunities to improve systems of care delivery, yet are often underrepresented in quality improvement (QI) initiatives. Healthcare Hackathons have gained traction over the past decade as a successful innovation tool that relies on a multidisciplinary team tackling modern healthcare problems. In order to engage trainees in the quality and safety mission of our institution, the Housestaff Quality and Safety Council hosted a Healthcare Hackathon with the goal of quickly identifying quality and safety priorities of trainees. The hackathon was hosted over 3 hours. The event was divided into 4 parts: problem identification, solution generation, solution creation, and presentation. All attendees participated in discussion for problem identification and solution generation. Attendees then divided into teams to discuss concrete solutions. Lastly, each team gave a short presentation about their problem and next steps and received feedback on their ideas. Over 40 people attended the event including pediatric residents, clinical fellows across multiple divisions, improvement advisors, and hospital leaders in education, QI, safety, and informatics. Over 40 problems were identified spanning 5 themes: 1) Error Reporting, 2) Handoffs, 3) Intra-hospital Communication, 4) Health Equity, and 5) High Value Care. A post-hackathon survey allowed attendees to vote on 1 housestaff-led project to focus on for the upcoming academic year. The survey also indicated that 100% of attendees felt the hackathon stimulated creativity and discussion and would attend again in following years. Housestaff have an intimate knowledge of the hospital healthcare ecosystem but are often underrepresented in improvement efforts throughout the hospital. The modified healthcare hackathon is a novel approach that provides trainees a place for rapid generation of ideas and problem-solving. This model is a powerful platform to launch innovative ideas quickly institution-wide and has the potential to engage a large interdisciplinary group of learners.
Effectiveness of a Group-Based Lifestyle Change Program Versus Usual Care: An Electronic Health Record, Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.

Introduction Translational lifestyle change programs for community and clinical settings have been available for a decade, yet there are limited data on their comparative effectiveness. This study examines the effectiveness of a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–aligned lifestyle change program relative to usual care in clinical practice. Methods This was an electronic health record–based retrospective cohort study conducted in a community-based healthcare system. Investigators identified adult program participants and usual-care patients in the electronic health record between 2010 and 2018 and defined their index date (baseline) as the first lifestyle change program encounter or a random encounter date, respectively. Participants were matched 1:2 to usual-care patients on baseline demographics and clinical characteristics using propensity-score methods. Changes in body weight and blood pressure were examined from baseline through 24 months. Results The authors identified 2,833 program participants and 438,432 usual-care patients meeting study eligibility criteria. A total of 2,833 program participants were matched to 4,776 usual-care patients; the average age was 54 years, and 80% of the participants were female. Program participation was associated with a 1.9- and 1.6-fold higher prevalence of clinically meaningful (≥5%) weight loss at 12- and 24-month follow-up than usual care and a higher prevalence of blood pressure control at 12 months but not at 24 months. Patients without type 2 diabetes at baseline had more pronounced outcomes than those with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions This study demonstrates the effectiveness of an evidence-based, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–aligned lifestyle change program in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors compared with usual care in clinical practice, with long-term reductions in weight and transient reductions in blood pressure.
The treatment of western prisoners of war in Nazi Germany: Rethinking reciprocity and asymmetry:

Given that the Geneva Convention of 1929 placed prisoners of war under the laws of the detaining state, Nazi courts martial could sentence prisoners of war for offences that did not exist in the we...
A Secure Hardware-Assisted AMI Authentication Scheme for Smart Cities

In this article, an area-efficient dynamic ring oscillator-based physical unclonable function design utilizing field-programmable gate arrays technology is proposed. An enormous amount of secret keys are generated to securely authenticate advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) nodes throughout their useful lifetime meting National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) real-time authentication key and security standards. A secure key exchange scheme between a smart meter and utility center is implemented within an AMI network while preserving the privacy and identity of the meter using lightweight encryption. The proposed framework is demonstrated for six different security levels (L0 to L5), which have authentication keys with different length and robustness according to the NIST standards. Experimental results show that our AMI scheme meets the NIST real-time requirements (efficiency) with security levels, L1 and L2, taking, respectively, 6.45 ms and 12.9 ms, which is considerably smaller than the existing techniques.
Ex-post Impact Evaluation of Improved Sorghum Varieties on Poverty Reduction in Kenya: A Counterfactual Analysis

This paper uses data collected from 452 sampled households to estimate the impact of improved sorghum varieties (ISVs) on poverty reduction in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Consumption expenditure per adult equivalent is used as the poverty indicator. Different matching methods complemented by endogenous switching regression model were used to ensure robustness of the estimated results. The impact results generated by the three models are consistent and affirm poverty reducing effects of adopting ISVs. Therefore, this study recommends formulation and implementation of adoption-stimulating policies that target to raise resource endowment of households, improve access of extension service and rural infrastructure.
Time-temperature-superposition analysis of diverse datasets by the minimum-arclength method: long-term prediction with uncertainty margins

In a recent publication, we carried out an extensive analysis of an unsupervised method of determining optimum shift factors in time-temperature-superposition of accelerated-aging data that involves minimizing the vertical arclength to obtain the master curve. For synthetic Arrhenius data with a variety of noise distributions, the work showed that, in conjunction with bootstrap-resampling, the method can produce reliable estimates of the mean activation energy along with uncertainty quantification. The present work applies the above method to six different datasets taken from the published literature and demonstrates accurate prediction of mean activation energy from the data as-is without the need for any pre-processing or fitting. It also compares uncertainty margins computed by second-order bootstrap with that by linear regression theory and shows that the former appears to provide consistent margins in the presence of common noise types in real data, including intra-isotherm measurement-errors, sample-to-sample variations, and intrinsic deviation from perfect Arrhenius behavior.