cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
harakiri, a novel regulator of cell death, encodes a protein that activates apoptosis and interacts selectively with survival-promoting proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L)

Programmed cell death is essential in organ development and tissue homeostasis and its deregulation is associated with the development of several diseases in mice and humans. The precise mechanisms that control cell death have not been elucidated fully, but it is well established that this form of cellular demise is regulated by a genetic program which is activated in the dying cell. Here we report the identification, cloning and characterization of harakiri, a novel gene that regulates apoptosis. The product of harakiri, Hrk, physically interacts with the death-repressor proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L), but not with death-promoting homologs, Bax or Bak. Hrk lacks conserved BH1 and BH2 regions and significant homology to Bcl-2 family members or any other protein, except for a stretch of eight amino acids that exhibits high homology with BH3 regions. Expression of Hrk induces cell death which is inhibited by Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L). Deletion of 16 amino acids including the conserved BH3 region abolished the ability of Hrk to interact with Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) in mammalian cells. Moreover, the killing activity of this mutant form of Hrk (Hrk deltaBH3) was eliminated or dramatically reduced, suggesting that Hrk activates cell death at least in part by interacting with and inhibiting the protection afforded by Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L). Because Hrk lacks conserved BH1 and BH2 domains that define Bcl-2 family members, we propose that Hrk and Bik/Nbk, another BH3-containing protein that activates apoptosis, represent a novel class of proteins that regulate apoptosis by interacting selectively with survival-promoting Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L).
HEAT TRANSFER ABOUT A VERTICAL PERMEABLE MEMBRANE.

Analyse du transfert de chaleur entre deux reservoirs de temperatures differentes separes par une membrane permeable
The suppression of deep moist convection near the southern Great Plains dryline

Abstract Deep moist convection failed to initiate over the Texas Panhandle on 6 May 1995 despite expectations to the contrary by the forecasters for the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX). The National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis is used to identify a midlevel migratory short-wave ridge propagating across the area during the time of maximum diurnal heating. Subsidence values of 1.0 × 10−3 hPa s−1 for a period exceeding several hours were associated with the ridge and led to substantial (∼3 K) warming in the midlevels and to the formation of a strong inversion around 600 hPa. A number of independent observations are examined to corroborate the hypothesis that the passage of the midlevel short-wave ridge at the time of maximum diurnal heating is ultimately responsible for the absence of deep moist convection. Twelve-hour forecasts of the 1995 NCEP operational model suite and the Pennsylvania State ...
Network footprint reduction through data access and computation placement in NoC-based manycores

Targeting network-on-chip based manycores, we propose a novel compiler framework to optimize the network latencies experienced by off-chip data accesses in reaching the target memory controllers. Our framework consists of two main components: data access placement and computation placement. In the data access placement, we separate the data access nodes from the computation nodes, with the goal of minimizing the number of links that need to be visited by the request messages. In the computation placement, we introduce computation decomposition and select appropriate computation nodes, to reduce the amount of data sent in the response messages and also to minimize the number of communication links visited. We performed an experimental evaluation of our proposed approach, and the results show an average execution time improvement of 21.1%, while reducing the network latency by 67.3%.
Dynamic Pipeline System Simulation of Multi-Stage Compressor Trains

An oil and gas company was facing process and mechanical related problems on the multiple-stage compressor trains at two important booster installations. The frequency of these problems has increased lately, and this has led to frequent trips and shut downs. These interruptions affect the operation of the plant leading to a loss in production and consequences of lost revenue for the company. The two platforms each contain one compressor train comprising a four-stage compressor with a gas turbine driver. Each train is fitted with an integrated turbine compressor control panel.Thus, a detailed dynamic pipeline system simulation of the subject compressor trains was performed in order to provide a series of recommendations that would improve the safe operation and increase the reliability of the compression systems. The analysis included a review of the existing compression systems including all the equipment and hardware related with the compression anti-surge system. In addition, a site visit was performed to review and understand the existing anti-sure control system at each facility. A detailed dynamic model of the multi-stage compression system was built for each train. These models included compressor performance maps, gas compositions for each stage and train, piping yard, recycle, isolation, check and blowdown valves, scrubbers, separators, and coolers.Several simulation cases were conducted for both the platform systems. These cases evaluated the effect of the delay and travel times of the existing anti-surge valves, delay the coast down action, failure of the non-return valves (NRVs), action of a blowdown valve on the emergency shutdown (ESD) sequences, recycle valve bypasses, check valve arrays, and process upset conditions. In addition, parametric studies were conducted for each of the most important parameters of the system to quantify their effect of any possible modification.The results of this analysis provide recommendations to solve some of the existing issues while understanding more of the dynamics of the system. It was found that any propose recommendation or change in the sequence or timing of one stage will affect the surrounding stages since they are not only connected through the piping as they are driven by the same gas turbine shaft. Therefore, a very comprehensive analysis was conducted for each train to provide recommendations that would be feasible for implementation while reducing the constant risk of mechanical failure and surge events. Thus, results of the analysis and some of the recommendations obtained are presented in this paper.© 2012 ASME
Topological analysis of an online social network for older adults

Social network systems on the Internet, such MySpace and LinkedIn, are growing in popularity around the world. The level of such activity is now comparable to that associated with email and blogs. Our research addresses the question of whether people in different demographic groups use these systems in the same way. Older Americans tend to use email the same way as Americans in general. The usage of blogs, however, is different, with significant differences in the topological and structural patterns of post and response in blogs being evident in different demographics. We discover important information about the topological structures of online social networks by examining topological patterns in blog posts, also known as cascades. To accomplish this, we create and study the blogosphere, blog and post networks of an online social network used primarily by older adults. We also study the topological patterns of cascades in greater detail, reporting their common shapes, properties and size distribution. Our research has implications for the design of social network software for older Americans, as well as the algorithms used in search engines for such systems.
Elastic modulus of poly(ethylene oxide) determined from the Raman longitudinal acoustic mode

The chain modulus of poly(ethylene oxide) is determined by the Raman longitudinal acoustic mode method with the aid of a normal coordinate analysis and found to be 1.3 × 1011 dyn/cm2. Our normal mode calculations provide a clear basis for explaining the discrepancy between chain moduli determined from Raman and x-ray experiments. They show that the uncorrected Raman modulus of helical polymers reflects the presence of interchain interactions and therefore should not be taken as the correct elastic modulus of a single chain.
“I’m Just Not That Sick”: Pain Medication and Identity in Mexican American Women With Chronic Pain

Purpose: To describe the beliefs and attitudes about self-identity and pain medication in a sample of Mexican American women with chronic pain living in the El Paso, Texas, area. The findings are d...
Field Evaluation of Truck Weigh Station Operations

Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) systems can improve the capacity of weigh-station operations by screening trucks traveling at high speeds and requiring only trucks within a threshold of a maximum permissible weight or axle load to be weighed on more accurate static scales. The efficiency of a weigh station is highly dependent on the accuracy of the WIM screening system. This article examines the operations at the Stephens City weigh station in Virginia. The case study evaluates the accuracy of the WIM technology, in addition to the operations of the weigh station, in terms of service time (time that the truck is on static scale), queued delay, and system time. Specifically, the study demonstrated that the WIM systems did not conform to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards for Type III WIM systems. The study also demonstrated that by incorporating a weight threshold of 96% only 16% of the trucks that were identified as possible violators actually violated the legal limits. Consequently, 84% of...
Immunodeficiency disease and dental caries in man.

Abstract The total caries experience of 45 immunodeficient subjects was compared with that of controls matched for age and sex. Immunodeficient subjects exhibited significantly greater values in decayed, missing and filled teeth; decayed, missing and filled surfaces, and greater prevalence of caries of approximal and other smooth surfaces. No statistical differences were noted in caries experience of occlusal surfaces between the two groups. When groups of patients were compared on the basis of age (less than 13yr, 13yr and older) and immunodeficiency classification, caries experience was greater in immunodeficiency. Only minimal differences were observed in plaque and gingivitis scores. Patients deficient in oral immunoglobulins had greater caries experience than immunologically competent individuals.
Chlorpromazine: Effect on Food Intake and Glucose Distribution in Obese and Nonobese Mice

Chlorpromazine, in doses of 1 mg./Kg., caused a significant reduction of food intake, weight loss, and oxygen consumption in both gold thioglucose-obese and normal nonobese mice as compared to saline-treated controls. Tissue activities after glucose-1-C-14 administration were reduced, but the blood levels were increased.
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase of Mouse and Maize: Target Site Selectivity and Thiol Effects on Peroxidizing Herbicide Action

Abstract The action of light-dependent peroxidizing herbicides involves inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox) at a high-affinity specific binding site readily assayed with our new N -aryltetrahydrophthalimide radioligand ([ 3 H]THP), the desmethyl analog of flumipropyn. Protox of mouse liver mitochondria and maize etioplasts is similar in sensitivity to most of the 14 herbicides and analogs examined as inhibitors of [ 3 H]THP binding, indicating that target site specificity is not a major factor in selective toxicity between mammals and plants. In assays using mouse protox, the 14 compounds fall into two groups upon correlating their ability to inhibit [ 3 H]THP binding (without added thiol) and enzymatic activity [with added glutathione (GSH) or dithiothreitol (DTT) as an antioxidant for the substrate]. The inhibitory potency of the THPs in protox activity assays is reduced ∼7-fold by GSH and ∼200-fold by DTT relative to their potency in [ 3 H]THP binding assays without added thiol. This "thiol effect" is only 2- to 4-fold with diphenyl ethers and oxadiazon. The reduction of THP potency by these thiols may be due to derivatization based on the identification of a N -aryl- cis -hexahydrophthalimide from incubation of flumipropyn with DTT.
Suffering for water, suffering from water: Emotional geographies of resource access, control and conflict

Abstract This article argues that resource access, use, control, ownership and conflict are not only mediated through social relations of power, but also through emotional geographies where gendered subjectivities and embodied emotions constitute how nature–society relations are lived and experienced on a daily basis. By engaging the insights from feminist political ecology literatures and emotional geographies literatures, the article demonstrates that resource struggles and conflicts are not just material challenges but emotional ones, which are mediated through bodies, spaces and emotions. Such a focus fleshes out the complexities, entanglements and messy relations that constitute political ecologies of resources management, where practices and processes are negotiated through constructions of gender, embodiments, and emotions. Abstractions of ‘resource struggles’ and ‘resource conflicts’ are thereby grounded in embodied emotional geographies of places, peoples, and resources, enabling us to better understand the ways resources and emotions come to matter in everyday survival struggles. This framing can enrich feminist political ecology theorizations and texture our understandings of commonly-used terms such as access, use, control, conflict and struggles vis-a-vis natural resources in any context. In other words, we are better able to conceptualize and explain how and why people access, use, and struggle over resources the ways they do. A case study of drinking water contamination from Bangladesh is used to develop the theoretical arguments in contributing to existing debates in (feminist) political ecologies.
Evaluation of the U. S. Navy's Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) Using South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) Data

The Navy’s Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) is an oceanographic tool to create high-resolution temperature and salinity on three-dimensional grids, by assimilating a wide range of ocean observations into a starting field. The MODAS products are used to generate the sound speed for ocean acoustic modeling applications. Hydrographic data acquired from the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) from April through June 1998 are used to verify the MODAS model. MODAS has the capability to provide reasonably good temperature and salinity nowcast fields. The errors have a Gaussian-type distribution with mean temperature nearly zero and mean salinity of −0.2 ppt. The standard deviations of temperature and salinity errors are 0.98°C and 0.22 ppt, respectively. The skill score of the temperature nowcast is positive, except at depth between 1750 and 2250 m. The skill score of the salinity nowcast is less than that of the temperature nowcast, especially at depth between 300 and 400, where the skill score is negative. Thermocline and halocline identified from the MODAS temperature and salinity fields are weaker than those based on SCSMEX data. The maximum discrepancy between the two is in the thermocline and halocline. The thermocline depth estimated from the MODAS temperature field is 10–40 m shallower than that from the SCSMEX data. The vertical temperature gradient across the thermocline computed from the MODAS field is around 0.14°C/m, weaker than that calculated from the SCSMEX data (0.19°–0.27 °C/m). The thermocline thickness computed from the MODAS field has less temporal variation than that calculated from the SCSMEX data (40–100 m). The halocline depth estimated from the MODAS salinity field is always deeper than that from the SCSMEX data. Its thickness computed from the MODAS field varies slowly around 30 m, which is generally thinner than that calculated from the SCSMEX data (28–46 m).
Anserine and carnosine in chicks (Gallus gallus) rat pups (Rattus rattus) and ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos): comparative ontogenetic observations.

1. 1. Muscle and brain from developing chick embryos, as well as from day-old chicks, rats, and ducks were analyzed for the histidine-containing dipeptides, anserine and carnosine. 2. 2. Anserine was found in the brain of all species studied, whereas in muscle, anserine was found only in chicks. 3. 3. At 15 days, the muscle of developing chick embryo contained 41 ± 9 μmoles/100 g anserine while carnosine was present at a level of < 3 μmoles/100 g. 4. 4. In day-old chicks the anserine level in muscle was 100 ± 35 μmoles/100 g while the carnosine level was 22.5 ± 1 μmoles/100 g. 5. 5. These findings cast doubt on earlier hypotheses relating anserine and carnosine to muscle activity.
Experimentelle Elektronendichten und chemische Bindung

In diesem Fortschrittsbericht werden einige neue Ergebnisse der Analyse von Ladungsdichten durch Rontgen- und Neutronenbeugung diskutiert. Zu den Problemen, die auf solche Weise in mehreren Laboratorien untersucht werden, gehoren die Natur von Einfach-, Doppel- und Dreifachbindungen, die Hybridisierung einsamer Elektronenpaare, die Bindungseigenschaften von Metallen, Metallegierungen und Organometallverbindungen sowie die Ableitung physikalischer Eigenschaften aus Rontgenbeugungsdichten. Beim jetzigen Entwicklungsstand der Methodik sind bereits Untersuchungen an Serien von verwandten Verbindungen moglich, was zu einer breiteren Anwendung fuhren sollte.
Modal reflectivity in finite-depth two-dimensional photonic-crystal microcavities

We present finite-difference time-domain calculations of the Q factor for an optical microcavity defined by a slab waveguide and two-dimensional photonic-crystal end mirrors. The effect of the finite depth of the photonic crystal on the cavity s optical modes is examined. From these calculations, we can optimize the performance of the photonic-crystal mirrors and determine the loss mechanisms within optical cavities defined by these structures. The Q of the cavity modes is shown to be strongly dependent on the depth of the holes defining the photonic crystal, as well as the refractive index of the material surrounding the waveguide core.
In the Eye of the Beholder: Cross Cultural Lessons in Leadership from Project GLOBE

Executive Overview Global leadership has been identified as a critical success factor for large multinational corporations. While there is much writing on the topic, most seems to be either general advice (i.e., being open minded and respectful of other cultures) or very specific information about a particular country based on a limited case study (do not show the soles of your shoes when seated as a guest in an Arab country). Both kinds of information are certainly useful, but limited from both theoretical and practical viewpoints on how to lead in a foreign country. In this paper, findings from the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) research program are used to provide a sound basis for conceptualizing worldwide leadership differences. We use a hypothetical case of an American executive in charge of four similar teams in Brazil, France, Egypt, and China to discuss cultural implications for the American executive. Using the hypothetical case involving five different count...
Rethinking Britain's Role in the World for a New Decade: The Limits of Discursive Therapy and the Promise of Field Theory

Debate over the future of British foreign policy will doubtless invoke Britain's ‘role in the world’, but the interconnection between Britain's role as an analytical concept within the academic field and as a category within the political field renders this starting point problematic. It underpins a tendency to take descriptive statements for objective analysis, leaving the language of British foreign policy saturated with cliches and tropes—like the ‘special relationship’—that constitute rather than describe Britain in the world. Given this, the present article assesses two theoretical approaches to UK foreign policy: discursive ‘therapy’, which denaturalises this language, and is both necessary but limited in its impact; and field theory, which enables a move beyond the level of discourse to the structure of British foreign policy knowledge and expertise creation. The latter approach is particularly promising for the attempt to say something new about Britain in world politics for the 2010s.
A man with small vessel vasculitis presenting with brachial diplegia, multiple cranial mononeuropathies and severe orthostatic hypotension in diabetes mellitus: a case report

We report a rare case of fulminant vasculitic mononeuropathy resulting in brachial diplegia, with suspected brainstem and autonomic nervous system involvement in a patient with diabetes mellitus. A 58-year-old Hispanic Caucasian man with diabetes mellitus presented with a 1-year history of progressive bilateral upper extremity weakness, orthostatic intolerance and progressive memory decline. Diagnostic evaluation including laboratory tests for progressive encephalopathies, systemic inflammatory and non-inflammatory neuropathies, cerebrospinal fluid analyses, electrodiagnostic studies, and nerve biopsy were performed. Clinical examination revealed moderate cognitive deficits on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale, bilateral facial weakness and weakness of bilateral shoulder girdle and intrinsic hand muscles. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses revealed elevated protein and an elevated immunoglobulin G synthesis rate, suggesting an immune-mediated process. Further laboratory work up was non-diagnostic. Electrodiagnostic studies demonstrated chronic asymmetric axonal mononeuropathies with ongoing denervation. A superficial radial nerve biopsy showed a chronic vasculitic neuropathy. Glucocorticosteroid treatment, symptomatic pharmacologic and supportive non-pharmacologic therapies resulted in improved clinical outcomes despite challenges with glycemic control. This case report emphasizes the importance of a thorough evaluation of atypical or uncommon neuromuscular presentations in diabetic patients without etiological presumptions. This is necessary in order to promptly establish a diagnosis, initiate appropriate therapies and prevent irreversible nerve injury.
Identical extraction behavior and coordination of trivalent or hexavalent f-element cations using ionic liquid and molecular solvents

The extraction of both UO22+ and trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions (Am3+, Nd3+, Eu3+) by dialkylphosphoric or dialkylphosphinic acids from aqueous solutions into the ionic liquid, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide has been studied and compared to extractions into dodecane. Radiotracer partitioning measurements show comparable patterns of distribution ratios for both the ionic liquid/aqueous and dodecane/aqueous systems, and the limiting slopes at low acidity indicate the partitioning of neutral complexes in both solvent systems. The metal ion coordination environment, elucidated from EXAFS and UV-visible spectroscopy measurements, is equivalent in the ionic liquid and dodecane solutions with coordination of the uranyl cation by two hydrogen-bonded extractant dimers, and of the trivalent cations by three extractant dimers. This is the first definitive report of a system where both the biphasic extraction equilibria and metal coordination environment are the same in an ionic liquid and a molecular organic solvent.
A New Biology for a New Century

Biology today is at a crossroads. The molecular paradigm, which so successfully guided the discipline throughout most of the 20th century, is no longer a reliable guide. Its vision of biology now realized, the molecular paradigm has run its course. Biology, therefore, has a choice to make, between the comfortable path of continuing to follow molecular biology's lead or the more invigorating one of seeking a new and inspiring vision of the living world, one that addresses the major problems in biology that 20th century biology, molecular biology, could not handle and, so, avoided. The former course, though highly productive, is certain to turn biology into an engineering discipline. The latter holds the promise of making biology an even more fundamental science, one that, along with physics, probes and defines the nature of reality. This is a choice between a biology that solely does society's bidding and a biology that is society's teacher.
NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE LOW EMISSION WINDOW OF HOMOGENEOUS CHARGE COMPRESSION IGNITION DIESEL COMBUSTION

Abstract This article describes a numerical study of the low emission window (lower than 10 g/kg-f CO, 10 g/kg-f HC, 0.5 g/kg-f NO and almost soot-less) of diesel HCCI combustion. In order to locate low emission operating conditions, parametric calculations were performed over wide ranges by changing equivalence ratio, inlet temperature, intake valve closure timing, engine speed and fuel amount under the assumption of ideal homogeneous charge. The CO, HC, NO and soot emissions are summarized on equivalence ratio-peak cycle temperature maps, and the low emission region was found to be located in the region approximately from 1,600 K to 1,800 K peak cycle temperature, and on the lean side of stoichiometric equivalence ratio. In addition, it is revealed that clean HCCI combustion is possible with reduced EGR levels by retarding the intake valve closure timing, and the low emission window moves toward higher temperatures as engine speed is increased.
Investigating Factors Influencing Web-Browsing Safety Efficacy (WSE) Among Older Adults

This research investigates the ability of older adults to perceive online threats. Specifically, the factors that influence web-browsing safety efficacy (WSE) among older adults are investigated. The factors investigated are: attitude towards unsolicited email senders, risk aversion, perceived efficacy in finding information, security education, and perceived social connectivity. Partial least squares regression analysis was used to analyze a sample of older adults age 55 years and older. The results showed that risk aversion, security education, and perceived ability in finding information online were positively associated with WSE among older adults. No relationship was found between social connectedness and attitude towards unsolicited e-mail senders.
Intercostal Artery Aneurysmosis

True intercostal artery aneurysms have been reported to occur in conjunction with neurofibromatosis, coarctation of the aorta, and Kawasaki disease. However, there has not been a previous report of a patient with intercostal artery aneurysmosis and no known or diagnosed associated condition. We describe the first such patient and review the literature.
Advanced space solar cells

This paper will present a brief overview of the status of research and development of advanced space solar cells from a variety of materials. Most of the investigations at present are focused on binary, ternary and quaternary III–V semiconducting compounds such as InP, GaInAs and GaInP2. Growth techniques used for producing laboratory cells include liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE), organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) or any of a number of variations of these techniques, such as atomic layer epitaxy (ALE), etc. Gallium arsenide is at present the only commercially available III–V compound solar cell. Compound III–V multiple bandgap cells are now under development in a jointly sponsored NASA/Air Force manufacturing technology demonstration program. In general, the decision to use a particular cell technology in space is determined by several factors, emphasis on any particular one depending on the mission environment: some are related to the properties of the photovoltaic material itself, such as efficiency and resistance to radiation damage, and some are related to details of the cell structure and associated materials, such as survivability under repeated thermal cycling and resistance to atomic oxygen erosion. The impact of these requirements on cell material selection and structural design is briefly discussed. This paper was produced under the auspices of the US Government and is therefore not subject to copyright in the USA
Nonlinear two-dimensional velocity profile inversion using time domain data

An iterative algorithm is developed to solve the nonlinear inverse scattering problem for two-dimensional lossless dielectric inhomogeneities using time-domain scattering data. The method is based on performing Born-type iterations on a volume integral equation and, hence, successively calculating higher-order approximations to the unknown object profile. Both the full-angle and the limited-angle problems are considered. Solutions are obtained for cases where the first-order Born approximation is severely violated. Wideband time-domain scattered field measurements make it possible to use sparse data sets and thus reduce experimental complexity and computation time. Several examples are given to show the ability of this method to invert arbitrarily shaped permittivity profiles using few transmitters and receivers. The high-resolution capability of the algorithm is also demonstrated. >
An Open Source Environment for Cell Broadband Engine System Software

The cell broadband engine provides the first implementation of a chip multiprocessor with a significant number of general-purpose programmable cores targeting a broad set of workloads. Open source software played a critical role in the development of the cell software stack. The system includes a power architecture processor and eight attached processor element. The cell team turned to open source software to accelerate the development of an ecosystem for the cell architecture. Using a quadword-based memory interface simplifies the data alignment logic and reduces operation latency.
A two-channel optical downconverter for phase detection

Experimental results for a two-channel optical downconverter link operating from 2 to 18 GHz are presented. Using low-noise preamplifiers results in a noise figure (NF) of 8.5-14 dB over the frequency range of 2-18 GHz. For the first time, relative phase measurements between optically downconverted signals have been performed. An in-phase/quadrature phase-measurement technique indicates a phase precision of /spl plusmn/2/spl deg/ with as little as -60 dBm radio frequency (RF) received power. Comparing the optical microwave downconverter to an electrical microwave downconverter in terms of phase detection reveals similar performance between the two systems.
Design and Implementation of an Analog Constant Power Load for Studying Cascaded Converters

One of the major issues in multi-converter power electronic systems is the constant power load (CPL) behavior of the tightly regulated converters. In order to have better system performance, output of the converters should be tightly regulated. DC/DC converters when tightly regulated act as constant power loads. The current through a constant power load increases/decreases when the voltage across it decreases/increases, respectively. As a result, CPLs have negative impedance characteristics. This is a destabilizing effect known as negative impedance instability. In order to analyze cascaded DC/DC converters in multi-converter systems, an analog constant power load (A-CPL) that has a fast time response is developed and presented in this paper. It can be used as an ideal CPL for studying the mentioned issue in the laboratory. Since it is analog, the proposed A-CPL separates the problem of sub-harmonic production from the problem of negative impedance instability for research purposes. By changing the position of a manual switch, the implemented A-CPL can also operate as an adjustable power resistor or a current source for the laboratory experiments. The experimental results showing the performance of the A-CPL are also presented.
The magnetosphere as a source of energetic magnetosheath ions

The dominant source of energetic ions upstream of the earth's bow shock remains controversial. Charge Composition Explorer (CCE) energetic (E>10--15 keV) ion and magnetic field measurements near the spacecraft's 8.8 R/sub E/ apogee during in a period of greatly increased solar wind dynamic pressure on November 1, 1984 determine the sense of energetic ion streaming in the dayside magnetosphere, the magnetosheath, and the solar wind. The ions stream away from an appropriately compressed model magnetopause at all times in the magnetosheath and solar wind. The flux of energetic ions in the magnetosheath and solar wind rises to, but never exceeds, that in the magnetosphere. The observations are consistent with a magnetospheric, rather than a bow shock (Fermi acceleration) source for the ions in the magnetosheath during this event. copyright American Geophysical Union 1987
Interactive gene-order comparison for multiple small genomes

Summary: The Genome Organization Analysis Tool (GOAT) is a program that performs comparative sequence analysis on ordered gene lists from annotated genomes, provides visual and tabular output, and provides means of accessing and analyzing related gene sequence data, for the purpose of comparing genome organization at the gene-order level. GOAT can be used to compare any two or more genomes or chromosomes on demand, or configured to provide access to precomputed comparisons of a specific group of genome sequences. Availability: Demonstration web server and software download, subject to the Virginia Tech Noncommercial License are available at http://gaia.biotech.vt.edu/goat/ Supplementary information: Updates, installation and configuration information are available at http://gaia.biotech.vt.edu/goat
Measurement of crystalline strain and orientation in diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition

We have used x-ray diffraction to characterize diamond films grown in three characteristic morphologies by chemical vapor deposition. Each morphology has a fiber texture about the growth direction; we report the crystal axis aligned in this direction for each morphology. In all cases the average lattice constant agrees with that of bulk diamond; we report the range of strain in each sample.
Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function: Comparative analysis of pulsed Doppler ultrasound and digitized M-mode echocardiography

The relation between Doppler and digitized M-mode echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function was analyzed. Diastolic variables obtained with these 2 techniques were compared in 19 normal volunteers and in 25 patients with a variety of cardiac diseases. The 2 techniques were in agreement in distinguishing normal from abnormal diastolic function in 20 of the 25 patients (80%) with cardiac disease. Furthermore, a close linear relation with a high correlation coefficient and a small standard error of the estimate was identified between measurements of isovolumic relaxation determined by Doppler and by M-mode echocardiography (r = 0.82, standard error of the estimate = 18 ms). Doppler indexes of diastolic filling such as the slope (descent) and the duration of the early diastolic flow-velocity peak did not show a close correlation with the peak rate and the time to peak rate of increase in LV internal dimension determined by digitized echocardiography. Thus, Doppler and digitized echocardiography were consistent in distinguishing normal from abnormal diastolic function in most of the study patients, although specific variables of LV ventricular filling determined by the 2 techniques were not closely related. In addition, Doppler and M-mode echocardiographic measurements of isovolumic relaxation showed an excellent correlation.
Direct Contact Vaginal Cytology Smear Technique

IT IS less than a decade since Papanicolaou introduced the practical use of the vaginal smear as another important diagnostic procedure in the armamentarium of the gynecologist. Today, the histopathological examination of cellular exudate and uterovaginal exfoliation is an established specialty. The cytologist is able to follow accurately the various cyclic ~hanges associated with normal and abnormal ovarian function and often to verify the presence of malignant neoplasms or to discover those previously unsuspected. Although generally accepted, vaginal smear diagnosis is not yet universally used for two reasons: first, an insufficient number of trained cytologists, and, second, the frequent inadequacy of the smears obtained. We believe that as the importance of this procedure becomes better established, the number of men trained in interpretation of the smears will also increase. The purpose of this paper is to rectify the second obstacle, i.e., to obviate the inadequate smear. Two methods of obtaining the vaginal detritus and exfoliation for the slide are used:
Expanding the Role of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioners in a State Psychiatric System: The New Hampshire Experience

Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) are assuming increasing clinical responsibilities in the treatment of individuals with mental illness as the shortage of psychiatrists and their maldistribution continues to persist in the United States. States vary widely in their statutes and administrative rules delineating PMHNP’s scope of practice. This column describes the legislative process of incremental changes in New Hampshire statute and rules changes over the past 15 years that have significantly expanded PMHNP’s ability to treat individuals with mental illnesses in the state mental health system. PMHNPs have worked closely with physician leaders and policy makers to allow this to occur.
THE ORIGIN OF THE DESIGNATION OF JESUS AS "SON OF MAN"

Taking up this well worked problem in New Testament scholarship may seem audacious to some, futile to others. At least one scholar has exulted over his own claim, supported by a few, to have solved the problem; whereas at least one other scholar has declared the problem insoluble. Although the problem is difficult, the elements of a solution are indeed present in the discussion. It is taken up again in this essay because of its importance for research on the historical Jesus and on the emergence of Christology.
Contributions Made by Occupational Therapists in RtI: A Pilot Study

Many school-based occupational therapy practitioners are collaborating with general education teachers and other professionals to implement response to intervention (RtI) frameworks in their schools. However, many individuals outside the profession of occupational therapy are struggling to understand the contributions that can be made by occupational therapists as part of these initiatives. The purpose of this article is to present the results of a pilot study aimed at documenting the contributions made by occupational therapists on teams implementing an RtI framework in one school district.
Nullifying Settler Democracy: William Apess and the Paradox of Settler Sovereignty

This essay examines the concept of “Indian nullification” in the political writings of William Apess by situating his defense of native self-determination in the context of debates about the legitimacy of nullification in U.S. constitutionalism. It illustrates how Indian nullification operates, not as a feature of constitutional design asserting minority rights over the tyranny of the majority, but rather as a rhetorical form of political contestation exposing the constitutive exclusions of American settler democracy. Apess illuminates how constitutional ideals of popular sovereignty cohere around regimes of settler colonialism and indigenous dispossession, highlighting the paradox of settler sovereignty that provides the basis for American democracy. Indian nullification is not a simple demand that the boundaries of liberal citizenship be expanded to include Indians. It is a way of narrating and rhetorically representing the forms of settler conquest that establish the material and conceptual foundation of popular self-rule for white settlers.
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Characteristics of Variations in Shapes of Ridges Formed on {100} Lithium Fluoride Surfaces

Channels with widths in the range from 5 μm to 25 μm were formed in {100} surfaces of LiF single crystals by a photolithographic technique. Specimens annealed at or above 0.90 T m , where T m is the melting point, and then quenched showed die channels and the ridges between them develop rounded profiles. Evolution of these profiles was evaluated for the various channel widths and for interchannel ridge spacings of 5 to 100 μm in terms of: a) an accepted theoretical model for a surface diffusion controlled process, and b) a model which assumes that shape changes depend only on the relative energies of attachment of atoms in surface sites with various surface curvatures. Either model is consistent with the experimental observations to within the reproducibility in measurements.
Armadillo cranioplasty for expansion and remodeling in craniosynostosis.

UNLABELLED Craniosynostosis is typically treated in the first year of life, when osteogenic potential is high and residual obligate skull defects heal. Delayed reconstruction can result in persistent skull defects because of diminished osteogenic potential. Adequately expanding the cranium yet minimizing residual skull defects in older patients presents a conundrum. Although secondary cranioplasty can be performed, primary cortical bone coverage is preferred. The authors present a technique of cranial expansion by sliding stairstep osteotomies, thus preventing residual skull defects when treating craniosynostosis at an advanced age. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, IV.
Solid-State Mesostructured Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 Solar Cells: Charge Transport, Recombination, and Diffusion Length

We report on the effect of TiO2 film thickness on charge transport and recombination in solid-state mesostructured perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 (via one-step coating) solar cells using spiro-MeOTAD as the hole conductor. Intensity-modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopies show that the transport and recombination properties of solid-state mesostructured perovskite solar cells are similar to those of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Charge transport in perovskite cells is dominated by electron conduction within the mesoporous TiO2 network rather than from the perovskite layer. Although no significant film-thickness dependence is found for transport and recombination, the efficiency of perovskite cells increases with TiO2 film thickness from 240 nm to about 650–850 nm owing primarily to the enhanced light harvesting. Further increasing film thickness reduces cell efficiency associated with decreased fill factor or photocurrent density. The electron diffusion length in mesostructured perovskite cell...
The Place of Self Psychology in Group Psychotherapy: A Status Report

ABSTRACTThis article reviews the growing contribution of self psychology to group psychotherapy. The basic self-psychological concepts as they are applied to group dynamics and the treatment process are explored. Tranference, countertransference, and self-restitutive patterns are illustrated in a clinical vignette that includes a “difficult” patient's impact upon the interactional and group-as-a-whole processes. Several directions for future investigation are described.
Induction of phenotypically altered mammary epithelial cells by neutrons and γ rays

These studies have examined alterations in the in vitro growth properties of mammary epithelial cells isolated at 1, 4, and 16 weeks after in vivo irradiation with-137Cs γ rays or fission-spectrum neutrons. Altered in vitro growth potential was characterized by the proliferation of epithelial foci (EF) from irradiated animals under conditions in which mammary cells from nonexposed animals senesced. These EF were further characterized based on their ability to be subcultured. Both γ and neutron irradiation resulted in the appearance of cells capable of forming EF. Further, with increased time in situ between irradiation and cell isolation, the frequency of EF which were capable of being subcultured indefinitely (EFs) increased. Reducing the γ-ray dose rate resulted in fewer EFs while reducing the neutron dose rate resulted in increased frequencies of EFs. These data confirm earlier observations following γ irradiation and show these cellular changes are also observed following neutron irradiation. In addit...
Phase stability of FeAlCrNi weld metal

Abstract The weld metal microstructures of three austenitic iron-based alloys have been examined analytically using electron microscopy techniques. These alloys, having the designations Fe2Al8Cr20Ni, Fe4Al10Cr20Ni and Fe5Al14Cr25Ni, are similar in composition to stainless steels with high aluminum additions. Electron microanalysis of the solidifications structure revealed that aluminum and chromium had segregated to the interdendritic volume. Nickel and iron were found to be depleted within the interdendritic volume. Austenite phase stability was evaluated by annealing each of the alloys. At a temperature of 750°C, δ phase was observed in both the Fe4Al10Cr20Ni and Fe5Al14Cr25Ni alloys after 2 h. The Fe2Al8Cr20Ni weld metal did not form δ phase after annealing for 100 h. Phase stability is a function of composition and as such is expected to change with position across solidification microstructures. New PHACOMP calculations have been used to describe this change in terms of a metal d level Md. The Md level was found to increase in traversing from the dendrite core towards the interdendritic volume. For each of the weld metals investigated the Md level calculated within the interdendritic volume exceeded the critical Md value for δ phase formation. The new PHACOMP results correlate with the changes in microstructure observed Fe5Al14Cr25Ni and Fe4Al10Cr20Ni weld metals. The behavior of Fe2Al8Cr20Ni weld metal can be explained by modifying the new PHACOMP model to account for compositional changes that occur during annealing. Homogenization provides a mechanism of reducing the Md level of the alloy, increasing its stability. If the maximum Md level can be reduced to some value below the critical Md level before nucleation of δ phase, then alloys which are unstable in the as-welded condition can be made stable during homogenization. The development of the modified version of New PHACOMP and the limitation of its application are presented.
HPV Vaccine recommendations: does a health care provider's gender and ethnicity matter to Unvaccinated Latina college women?

ABSTRACTObjectives: There are disparities in the uptake of HPV vaccine among racial/ethnic minority women. The strongest predictor of HPV vaccine uptake among adult women is health care provider (HCP) recommendation; however, it is unclear how issues relating to race/ethnicity may mitigate these recommendations. Research shows that racial/ethnic and gender concordance between a patient and HCP can improve patient satisfaction, access and quality of care. If concordance contributes to improved patient-provider interactions, then it may be a factor in patient decisions regarding HPV vaccination. The objectives of this study were to (1) explore gender and ethnicity HCP preference regarding HPV vaccination among unvaccinated; and (2) understand factors associated with those preferences.Design: Unvaccinated Latina college students (n = 187) completed a survey that assessed HCP preferences, medical mistrust, cultural assimilation and HPV vaccine recommendation. Logistic regression models evaluated associations ...