cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing Inter-Institutional Attention to and Influence on Government Regulations

The US federal bureaucracy implements the nation's laws while juggling its own preferences and the preferences of numerous stakeholders. This article begins to unpack the conditions under which the bureaucracy responds to its stakeholders during rule making, and it is argued that bureaucratic responsiveness is conditioned on the level of attention provided by Congress and the President. This argument is tested with a dataset of forty rules and 1,444 interest group comments. Interest group influence is found to be constrained by congressional – but not presidential – attention to rule making. The results also shed light on Wilson's interest group theory of politics and suggest that the fragmentation of group preferences is less important than the central message sent by groups.
Epoxides and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase in Cardiovascular Physiology

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are arachidonic acid metabolites that importantly contribute to vascular and cardiac physiology. The contribution of EETs to vascular and cardiac function is further influenced by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) that degrades EETs to diols. Vascular actions of EETs include dilation and angiogenesis. EETs also decrease inflammation and platelet aggregation and in general act to maintain vascular homeostasis. Myocyte contraction and increased coronary blood flow are the two primary EET actions in the heart. EET cell signaling mechanisms are tissue and organ specific and provide significant evidence for the existence of EET receptors. Additionally, pharmacological and genetic manipulations of EETs and sEH have demonstrated a contribution for this metabolic pathway to cardiovascular diseases. Given the impact of EETs to cardiovascular physiology, there is emerging evidence that development of EET-based therapeutics will be beneficial for cardiovascular diseases.
Real-Time Implementation of a Fuzzy Logic Controller for Switch-Mode Power-Stage DC–DC Converters

This paper presents a successful implementation of a fuzzy logic controller structure for switch-mode power-stage dc-dc converters and evaluates experimentally its sensitivity for variable supply voltages and load resistance variations. The optimum topology of the controller structure is determined using experimental tests. An advanced test-bed system is used to evaluate the robustness capacities of the controller under varying loading conditions and input voltage variations. The experiment is performed using a low-cost microcontroller PIC16F877 to verify the design performance over a wide range of operating conditions. The controller shows very interesting tracking features and is able to cope with load changes and input voltage variations. The proposed controller structure is general and can be directly applied to any dc-dc converter topologies. The fuzzy controller structure is compared experimentally with the existing proportional-integral control used in industry. It yields a better dynamic performance without overshoot
When is Changing Policy Positions Costly for Politicians? Experimental Evidence

Although changing policy positions is often thought of as costly for politicians, this may not always be the case. We present findings from two survey experiments designed to assess how people respond to politicians who change positions on an issue. We examine the direct effects of position changes on both summary evaluations of a candidate and ratings of a candidate’s character. We find that the effect of changing positions varies across issues and that the passage of time attenuates the negative effects of a change of position. We also find that although individual voters prefer a candidate who moves closer to their own preferred policy position to one who sticks to a disliked policy position, in the aggregate changing policy positions may be costly unless the prospective new position is supported by a supermajority of the public.
High and Moderate-Level Vacuum Packaging of Vibratory MEMS

We report vacuum packaging procedures for low-stress die attachment and versatile hermetic sealing of resonant MEMS. The developed in-house infrastructure allows for both high and moderate-level vacuum packaging addressing the requirements of various applications. Prototypes of 100 m silicon-on-insulator Quadruple Mass Gyroscopes (QMGs) were packaged using the developed process with and without getters. Characterization of stand-alone packaged devices with no getters resulted in stable quality factors (Q-factors) of 1000 (corresponding to 0.5 Torr vacuum level), while devices sealed with activated getters demonstrated Q-factors of 1.2 million (below 0.1 mTorr level inside the package). Due to the high Q-factors achieved in this work, we project that the QMG used in this work can potentially reach the navigation-grade performance, potentially bridging the gap between the inertial silicon MEMS and the state-of-the-art fused quartz hemispherical resonator gyroscopes.
Regulation and Development: Universal service obligations in LDCs

This paper develops a simple model in which the government has asymmetric information about a monopolistic firm's marginal costs of providing an infrastructure service. The model is used to analyze the impact of asymmetric information and the threat of regulatory capture on optimal universal service policy in the public utilities of LDCs. The optimal universal service policy is implemented using 2 regulatory instruments: pricing and network investment. Under discriminatory pricing (between rural and urban areas), asymmetric information leads to a higher price and smaller network in the rural areas than under full information. Under uniform pricing, the price is lower but the size of the network is even smaller. Moreover, under both pricing regimes, taxpayers also have incentives to collude with the regulator. This hardens the coalition incentive constraint for the regulator and the firm.
Catalysts of plant cell wall loosening

The growing cell wall in plants has conflicting requirements to be strong enough to withstand the high tensile forces generated by cell turgor pressure while selectively yielding to those forces to induce wall stress relaxation, leading to water uptake and polymer movements underlying cell wall expansion. In this article, I review emerging concepts of plant primary cell wall structure, the nature of wall extensibility and the action of expansins, family-9 and -12 endoglucanases, family-16 xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH), and pectin methylesterases, and offer a critical assessment of their wall-loosening activity
An appraisal of the electronic particle counter as a screening technic for cervical neoplasia.

equipped with an automatic plotter, a graphout is made of the frequency volume distribution profile of the particle popula­ tion under study. The operation of the instrument is readily mastered, and 2 to 3 min. usually suffice for the processing and analyzing of each specimen. The electronic principles of the Coulter Counter have been adequately described elsewhere. 8,10 In the preliminary study by Ladinsky and associates 9 of more than 150 patients, including 19 with preinvasive cervical neo­ plasms, the graphouts of vaginal washings from patients with various uterine neo­ plasms were characterized by a bimodal volume distribution profile, whereas those from normal patients usually had a unimodal profile. These results suggested that exfoliated neoplastic cells differed in volume from exfoliated benign cells. We have applied a similar method to study a larger group of women with cytologically estab­ lished carcinoma in situ (CIS) and dysplasia of the uterine cervix. In addition, the volume distribution profiles of certain isolated components of the vaginal washings have been studied separately.
A death to justice (The shooting of Michael Brown—Summer 2014)

Years ago,I had “the talk” with my son,before he was old enough to learnthat justice in our Americais not color blind.He had to know;how to act wherever he may gohow to walk, and never run,how to s...
γ Irradiation as a Quarantine Treatment for Walnuts Infested with Codling Moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Irradiation may be a potential quarantine treatment for either diapausing or nondiapausing codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), larvae in walnuts. Exposure of larvae to 51.9 Gy from a 60Co γ source significantly reduced emergence of normal adults. The dose required for quarantine security (99.9968% mortality) was 230 Gy based on emergence of adults from treated larvae. Normal adults did not emerge from larvae exposed to 177 Gy in walnuts.
Institutional change and job-shift patterns in urban China, 1949 to 1994

Using life-history data on 4,600 respondents from 17 cities in China from 1949 to 1994, the authors offer two contributions to the literature on transitions from state socialism : (1) they focus on access to workplaces as reflected in individuals' job shifts across types of organizations and economic sectors. Patterns of job shifts over time reflect both institutional change and evolving mechanisms of stratification and they therefore provide information relevant to theoretical arguments about reforming China's state socialist economy. (2) The life-history data indicate that, despite growing opportunities in workplaces outside the state sector since the early 1980s, only limited changes have occurred in job-shift patterns and the underlying mechanisms of stratification. Thus, redistributive institutions continue to shape job-shift patterns in urban China, in spite of reforms
Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics studies of textile dyes adsorption on modified Tunisian clay

The adsorption capacity of two anionic textile dyes (RR120 and BB150) on DMSO intercalated Tunisian raw clay was investigated with respect to contact time, initial dye concentration, pH and Temperature. The equilibrium data were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. The kinetic parameters were calculated using pseudo-first order, pseudo second-order, intra-particle diffusion and Elovich kinetic models. The thermodynamic parameters (DH°, DS° and DG°) of the adsorption process were also evaluated.
Different molecular forms of bovine adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase.

The sedimentation coefficients of native and trypsin-treated bovine adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase were determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and compared with protein standards whose sedimentation coefficients were known. Native tyrosine hydroxylase was found to have a sedimentation coefficient of 9.20 S 0.725 20.w , and that of trypsin-treated tyrosine hydroxylase was 3.45 S 0.725 20.w . Using this information and known molecular weights of the protein standards, it was possible to make a rough estimation of time molecular weights of the two forms of the enzyme. Sephadex gel filtration was also used to estimate the molecular weights of the two forms of tyrosine hydroxylase. A Stokes radius of 23.7 A and a frictional ratio of 1.12 were also determined for trypsin-treated tyrosine hydroxylase by gel filtration; these determinations were not possible for the native form of the enzyme because of the presence of urea, which was necessary to avoid time aggregation of tyrosine hydroxylase. The sedimentation coefficients and the Stokes radius of trypsin-treated tyrosine hydroxylase were used to calculate the molecular weight of this enzyme, which was found to be 34,000. It was also determined that the molecular weight of native tyrosine hydroxylase is approximately 4 times that of time trypsin-treated enzyme. These results indicate that trypsin-treated tyrosine hydroxylase is only a fragment of the native form.
The memorial at Srebrenica: Gender and the social meanings of collective memory in Bosnia-Herzegovina

This research examines the way in which the collective memory of the 1990s conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina has been established and preserved at the memorial to genocide at Srebrenica. Based on extensive fieldwork at the site and in other regions of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the study explores the ways in which gender is represented at Srebrenica in the narratives and texts that commemorate Serbian aggression against Bosnian Muslim populations. Within the structures of memory that Srebrenica represents, the findings reveal the ways in which fathers and sons are recalled as victims of Serbian genocide and the importance of maternal tropes of memory for post-war nation building. Furthermore, the study reveals the absence of a rape discourse in the memorialization of war and genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and the challenges of commemorating sexual atrocities in the aftermath of mass trauma. The work that is presented here contributes to the emerging literature on gender and collective memory and the ways in which w...
Effects of opiates and opioid peptides on motor behaviors: sites and mechanisms of action

In addition to their analgesic effects, opiates have profound effects on motor behaviors. This is not surprising since extrapyramidal as well as mesolimbic structures which have been shown to have important functions in regulating motor activity (Costall et al., 1977; Kelly et al., 1975) are among the highest in opiate receptor concentration (Atweh and Kuhar, 1977; Hiller et al., 1973; Kuhar et al., 1973), enkephalin content (Hong et al., 1977) and enkephalinergic terminals (Elde et al., 1976; Simantov et al., 1977).
The Right Superior Frontal Gyrus and Individual Variation in Proactive Control of Impulsive Response.

A hallmark of cognitive control is the ability to rein in impulsive responses. Previously, we used a Bayesian model to describe trial-by-trial likelihood of the stop signal or p(Stop) and related regional activations to p(Stop) to response slowing in a stop signal task. Here, we characterized the regional processes of conflict anticipation in association with intersubject variation in impulse control in 114 young adults. We computed the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and a measure of motor urgency, indexed by the reaction time (RT) difference between go and stop error trials or “GoRT − SERT,” where GoRT is the go trial RT and SERT is the stop error RT. Motor urgency and SSRT were positively correlated across subjects. A linear regression identified regional activations to p(Stop), each in correlation with SSRT and motor urgency. We hypothesized that shared neural activities mediate the correlation between motor urgency and SSRT in proactive control of impulsivity. Activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) during conflict anticipation correlated negatively with the SSRT. Activation of the right SFG also correlated negatively with GoRT − SERT. Therefore, activation of the right SFG was associated with more efficient response inhibition and less motor urgency. A mediation analysis showed that right SFG activation to conflict anticipation mediates the correlation between SSRT and motor urgency bidirectionally. The current results highlight a specific role of the right SFG in translating conflict anticipation to the control of impulsive response, which is consistent with earlier studies suggesting its function in action restraint. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Individuals vary in impulse control. However, the neural bases underlying individual variation in proactive control of impulsive responses remain unknown. Here, in a large sample of young adults, we showed that activation of the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) during conflict anticipation is positively correlated with the capacity of inhibitory control and negatively with motor urgency in the stop signal task. Importantly, activity of the right SFG mediates the counteracting processes of inhibitory control and motor urgency across subjects. The results support a unique role of the right SFG in individual variation in cognitive control.
Photon-induced selenium migration in TiSe2

TiSe2 is a member of the transition metal dichalcogenide family of layered van der Waals materials that exhibits some distinct electronic and optical properties. Here, we perform the Raman spectroscopy and microscopy studies on single crystal TiSe2 to investigate the thermal and photon-induced defects associated with the diffusion of selenium to the surface. Additional phonon peaks near 250 cm−1 are observed in the laser-irradiated regions that are consistent with the formation of amorphous and nanocrystalline selenium on the surface. Temperature dependent studies of the threshold temperature and laser intensity necessary to initiate selenium migration to the surface show an activation barrier for the process of 1.55 eV. The impact of these results on the properties of strongly correlated electron states in TiSe2 is discussed.
On a Conjecture for Higher-Order Szegő Theorems

We disprove a conjecture of Simon for higher-order Szegő theorems for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle and propose a modified version of the conjecture.
The Origins of Charmian Kittredge, Jack London’s Mate-Woman

Charmian Kittredge was a sophisticated San Francisco stenographer with an active social life in Berkeley when she married the handsome and wildly popular writer Jack London in 1905. She had already...
MALPRACTICE OR MALOCCURRENCE: A Detailed Analysis of Two Cases

This article seeks to elucidate cases of maloccurrence that occur when a patient's diagnosis is not foreseeable. The eventuality of legal suit in such undiagnosable cases requires neurologists to make notes on patient charts that are accurate, clear, and show current reasoning if they are to be defensible in court. Although neurological malpractice is relatively infrequent measured against the weight of cases occurring in orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery, the possibility of a high monetary award in settlement or adjudication for permanent clinical consequences of the malpractice is a major consideration. The material for these cases is derived from actual hospital and office charts, the depositions of the various parties, and legal allegations and testimony at trial. The names of those involved and other identifying data have been redacted for reasons of sensitivity.
Universal linear and nonlinear electrodynamics of a Dirac fluid

A general relation is derived between the linear and second-order nonlinear ac conductivities of an electron system in the hydrodynamic regime of frequencies below the interparticle scattering rate. The magnitude and tensorial structure of the hydrodynamic nonlinear conductivity are shown to differ from their counterparts in the more familiar kinetic regime of higher frequencies. Due to universality of the hydrodynamic equations, the obtained formulas are valid for systems with an arbitrary Dirac-like dispersion, ranging from solid-state electron gases to free-space plasmas, either massive or massless, at any temperature, chemical potential, or space dimension. Predictions for photon drag and second-harmonic generation in graphene are presented as one application of this theory.
Viral Video Ads: Examining Motivation Triggers to Sharing

Advertisers need a better understanding of online video sharing to design strategies for creating viral advertising. Previous studies have focused on users' deeper psychological motivations for sha...
Gross Trunnion Failure of a Cobalt-Chromium Femoral Head on a Titanium Stem at Midterm Follow-up: A Report of 3 Cases.

Case: Three patients underwent uncomplicated primary total hip arthroplasty with cobalt-chromium femoral heads (36+5 mm) on titanium V40 tapers. At 6 to 9 years of follow-up, severe effects of corrosion at the trunnion were noted in all 3 patients, along with elevated levels of serum cobalt ions and normal levels of serum chromium ions. Gross trunnion failure, apparently caused by corrosion, required femoral stem revision in all of the patients. Conclusion: Decreased neck diameter, longer trunnion length, and large-sized cobalt-chromium heads are possible contributors to early failure after primary total hip arthroplasty due to trunnionosis. Surgeons should be mindful of trunnionosis as a cause of pain and a mechanism of failure following total hip arthroplasty, and serum metal ions should be monitored in these patients.
A Higher Altitude Is an Independent Risk Factor for Venous Thromboembolisms After Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background High altitudes lead to physiological changes that may predispose to venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE). No prior study has evaluated if there is also a higher risk of VTEs for total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed at higher elevations. The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify if undergoing THA at a higher altitude center (>4000 feet above sea level) is an independent risk factor for a postoperative VTE. Methods A thorough evaluation of the Pearl Diver Database was performed for patients undergoing THAs from 2005 to 2014. Using International Classification of Diseases Ninth Edition facilitated in ascertaining patients who underwent THA. Using the ZIP codes of the hospitals where the procedure occurred, we separated our groups into high-altitude (>4000 ft) and low-altitude ( Results In the first 30 postoperative days, patients undergoing THA at a higher altitude experienced a significantly higher rate of PEs (odds ratio, 1.74; P = .003) when compared to similar patients at lower altitudes. This trend was also present for PE (odds ratio, 1.59; P Conclusion THAs performed at higher altitudes (>4000 feet) have a higher rate of acute postoperative PEs in the first 30 days and also 90 days postoperatively when compared to matched patients receiving the same surgery at a lower altitude (
Measurement of Sirtuin Enzyme Activity Using a Substrate-Agnostic Fluorometric Nicotinamide Assay

The sirtuins are NAD(+)-dependent, multifunctional lysine deacylases that play key roles in cellular homeostasis. They are increasingly being found to target a variety of substrates including acetyl-, butyryl-, malonyl-, and succinyl-lysines. Early assays for measuring sirtuin activity in vitro were criticized for their use of fluorophores on the peptide substrates used, which may alter the results obtained and not be representative of the in vivo situation. We describe a new protocol for the measurement of sirtuin activity by detecting the production of nicotinamide (NAM). The assay is amenable to any substrate and any modification removed by sirtuins. The assay may also be used to measure glycohydrolase (e.g., CD38) and ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (e.g., mARTs and PARPs).
Urban Wildlife Behavior

Wild animals in urban areas face unique challenges. They live in environments modified by and for humans without having evolved in these environments, but unlike domesticated animals, they remain under the auspices of natural selection. We do not yet know how living in urban areas will ultimately affect the animals that share our urban environments, but we are at the beginning of a new and important scientific effort to study the effects of urbanization on wildlife. Early signs suggest that animals that can tolerate urbanization are quite different in behavior and physiology than those that are limited in distribution to natural areas.
In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Mammalian Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is a complex process involving the organization of proliferating endothelial cells into new blood vessels. Both in vivo models and in vitro models are important for investigating angiogenesis and for defining the involvement of specific molecules. This chapter describes a basic mouse model of vascular endothelial growth factor-driven angiogenesis in mouse skin together with a modified version of this model in which retrovirus-packaging cells are included as a means to efficiently achieve retroviral transduction in vivo. With this approach, the contributions of specific proteins to angiogenesis can be defined. In addition, we describe a model of capillary morphogenesis in vitro that uses microvascular endothelial cells transduced with retrovirus in culture. This in vitro model provides a complementary strategy for investigating the importance of specific molecules for angiogenesis.
Effect of polymer charge on functional reconstitution of membrane proteins in polymer nanodiscs

Although there is a growing interest in using polymer lipid-nanodiscs, the polymer charge poses limitations for studies on membrane proteins. Here, we demonstrate the functional reconstitution of a large soluble-domain containing positively-charged ∼57 kDa cytochrome-P450 and negatively-charged ∼16 kDa cytochrome-b5 in lipid-nanodiscs, and the role of the polymer charge for high-resolution studies on membrane proteins.
What makes a material printable? A viscoelastic model for extrusion-based 3D printing of polymers

Abstract This article presents a practical model for evaluating polymer feedstock materials as candidates for 3D printing across a variety of extrusion-based platforms. In order for a material to be successfully utilized for 3D printing operations, a series of fundamental conditions must be met. First, pressure-driven extrusion must occur through a given diameter nozzle at a specified flow rate. Second, the extruded material must form and sustain the desired shape. Third, the extruded structure must be able to bridge a specified gap and serve as a mechanically sound foundation for successive deposits. Finally, the deposited structure must be dimensionally stable during the transition to the final state (i.e. fully cured at room temperature). This article presents a framework for extrusion-based printing and a simple viscoelastic model for each of these conditions based on the rheological and thermo-physical properties of the candidate material and the processing parameters of the extrusion-based deposition platform. The model is demonstrated to be a useful tool for the evaluation of example test cases including: high temperature thermoplastics (polyphenylsulfone), fiber reinforced thermoplastics (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), low-viscosity thermosets (epoxy resins), and thermoplastics with a high coefficient of thermal expansion (polypropylene).
Towards a Working Profile of Medical Bankruptcy

Medical bankruptcy refers to individuals with serious medical conditions who feel compelled to file for bankruptcy to seek relief from their medical debts. Noticeably lacking in the literature is a consistent, evidence-based criterion to define who may be classified as medically bankrupt. A more concrete definition would allow policy makers to understand the magnitude of the problem and allow financial counselors to better inform certain households about seeking bankruptcy protection when faced with medical bills. This study uses data drawn from the U.S. Bankruptcy Court’s Eastern Washington District to create an empirical profile of bankruptcy petitioners with medical debt. We then identify those characteristics statistically associated with being “at-risk” of a medical bankruptcy to better understand and define medical bankruptcy.
Intractable Disagreements About Futility in the PICU

Much distress may be felt within the PICU setting regarding the impression that “futile,” or “inappropriate” care is being provided. While a clear definition of futility remains elusive in the medical community, efforts have been made by critical care societies to differentiate between appropriate therapeutic options from potentially inappropriate and inappropriate treatments. Inappropriate treatments should not be offered. However, it can be challenging to know when some benefit is worthy of pursuit (such as a “slow code” for the sake of the family). Families may have cultural or religious values which may translate into a treatment having benefit to them. Healthcare workers typically are most concerned when issues surrounding futility lead to intractable disagreements. These issues seem to occur rarely in pediatric critical care settings, but can lead tension with consequences to medical care. However, intractable disagreements about medical treatments are most frequently resolved through excellent communication. Understanding the values and information that underpin parents’ requests is the first step to resolution and may reveal that a therapy is not truly without some benefit.
Examining 1:1 vs. 4:1 Packed Red Blood Cell to Fresh Frozen Plasma Ratio Transfusion During Pediatric Burn Excision

Blood transfusions following major burn injury are common due to operative losses, blood sampling, and burn physiology. While massive transfusion improves outcomes in adult trauma patients, literature examining its effect in critically ill children is limited. The study purpose was to prospectively compare outcomes of major pediatric burns receiving a 1:1 vs. 4:1 packed red blood cell to fresh frozen plasma transfusion strategy during massive burn excision. Children with >20% total body surface area burns were randomized to a 1:1 or 4:1 packed red blood cell/fresh frozen plasma transfusion ratio during burn excision. Parameters examined include patient demographics, burn size, pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) scores, pediatric logistic organ dysfunction scores, laboratory values, total blood products transfused, and the presence of blood stream infections or pneumonia. A total of 68 children who met inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups (n = 34). Mean age, PRISM scores, estimated blood loss (600 ml (400-1175 ml) vs. 600 ml (300-1150 ml), P = 0.68), ventilator days (5 vs. 9, P = 0.47), and length of stay (57 vs. 60 days, P = 0.24) had no difference. No differences in frequency of blood stream infection (20 vs. 18, P = 0.46) or pneumonia events (68 vs. 116, P = 0.08) were noted. On multivariate analysis, only total body surface area burn size, inhalation injury, and PRISM scores (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with infections.
Waiting to Inhale: Reducing Stigma in the Medical Cannabis Industry:

When a new industry category is predicated on a product or activity subject to “core” stigma—meaning its very nature is stigmatized—the actors trying to establish it may struggle to gain the resour...
D-particles on T 4 /Z n orbifolds and their resolutions

Abstract We formulate the effective field theory of a D-particle on orbifolds of T 4 by a cyclic group as a gauge theory in a V -bundle over the dual orbifold. We argue that this theory admits Fayet-Iliopoulos terms analogous to those present in the case of non-compact orbifolds. In the n = 2 case, we present some evidence that turning on such terms resolves the orbifold singularities and may lead to a K 3 surface realized as a blow up of the fixed points of the cyclic group action.
Indirect Exchange Interaction Mediated by Dirac Fermions

Based on the model of s-d interaction discussed in Chap. 6, the indirect exchange interaction between a pair of magnetic impurities is calculated. The interaction carries the signature of the topological surface states. The chapter discusses possible magnetic textures induced by the indirect exchange.
A Systematic Review of the Orthopaedic Literature Involving National Football League Players.

Background:Orthopaedic injuries of National Football League (NFL) players can have a deleterious effect on their health, with minimal to no high-level evidence on the management of these injuries.P...
HCMMCNVs: Hierarchical Clustering Mixture Model of Copy Number Variants Detection using Whole Exome Sequencing Technology

Summary In this article, we introduce a hierarchical clustering and Gaussian mixture model with expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for detecting copy number variants (CNVs) using whole exome sequencing (WES) data. The R shiny package "HCMMCNVs" is also developed for processing user-provided bam files, running CNVs detection algorithm, and conducting visualization. Through applying our approach to 325 cancer cell lines in 22 tumor types from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), we show that our algorithm is competitive with other existing methods and feasible in using multiple cancer cell lines for CNVs estimation. In addition, by applying our approach to WES data of 120 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples, our algorithm, using the tumor sample only, exhibits more power in detecting CNVs as compared with the methods using both tumors and matched normal counterparts. Availability and implementation HCMMCNVs R shiny software is freely available at github repository https://github.com/lunching/HCMM_CNVs. and Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4593371. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Capital Markets, COVID-19 and Policy Measures

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated policy responses triggered a historically large wave of capital reallocation between markets and asset classes. Using high-frequency country-level data, this paper examines if and how the number of COVID cases, the stringency of the lockdown, and the fiscal and monetary policy response determined the dynamics of portfolio flows. Despite more dominant global factors, we find that these domestic factors played an important role, particularly for emerging markets and bond flows, contributing to a global wave of reallocation to safer asset classes. Our results indicate that rising domestic COVID cases had a strong positive effect on portfolio flows, which responded to an increase in financing needs in affected economies. Lockdown and fiscal policy measures also led to an increase in portfolio flows; however, evidence from the CDS market suggests that the increase in flows was dominated by supply forces, reflecting investors' preference for stronger policy responses. In contrast, we find that interest rate cuts led to a decline in portfolio flows as investors searched for higher yield. Finally, we show that COVID policy responses also affected countries' exposure to the global shock and that pre-COVID macroeconomic conditions, such as lower sovereign risk and higher trade openness, contributed to larger flows during the COVID episode.
Right Paralumbar Omentopexy for the Correction of Left Displaced Abomasum

Left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) is a very important disease of dairy cattle. Until effective and economical preventive measures are discovered veterinarians will be asked to treat a large number of these cases. The most effective treatment at present is surgical correction. Rolling is recommended only on average cows since about 50% of these cows redisplace in two to three days. This results in lost time and added expense especially if they eventually require surgery. Therefore, valuable cows are operated immediately. All of the highly successful surgical procedures for LDA involve correction of the displacement and fixation of either abomasum or omentum (1,2,3). Cows are not fasted prior to surgery because the ketosis which most cows have would be aggravated and the displacement can be corrected with little difficulty from the right flank approach even if the rumen is full. Cows which are very dehydrated and/or suffering from other concurrent diseases such as metritis are also operated immediately. Attempts at building them up with fluid therapy and antibiotics is usually ineffective as long as the displacement exists.
Severe peripartum cardiomyopathy complicated by COVID-19 infection and small intestinal obstruction

COVID-19 infection can be a possible trigger for peripartum cardiomyopathy. Multidisciplinary teamwork was crucial for the favorable outcome in our patient. Small bowel strangulation is a rare complication post-cesarean section.
Aerodynamic flow control using paraelectric and peristaltic acceleration of a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma

Summary form only given. Plasma actuators based on the One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP/spl trade/) can be used to accelerate and reattach flows, increase the stall angle of airfoils, and modify the aerodynamic boundary layer of aircraft at the relatively low power cost of 5 to ten watts per linear foot of actuator. The characteristics and performance of OAUGD plasma actuators have been measured in the 7/spl times/11 Low Speed Wind Tunnel located at the NASA Langley Research Center. This wind tunnel was used to conduct drag measurements, smoke visualization studies, boundary layer velocity profile measurements, and flow attachment tests. This paper discusses two EHD (electrohydrodynamic) processes that utilize RF displacement currents to produce the body forces that accelerate the plasma: paraelectric and peristaltic (traveling wave) flow acceleration. Paraelectric flow acceleration results when the applied electric field acts on the net charge density of the plasma to provide a body force capable of accelerating the neutral gas to velocities up to 10 m/sec. During this process, the plasma moves paraelectrically towards increasing electric field gradients, and drags the neutral gas along with it as the result of frequent ion-neutral collisions. Peristaltic flow acceleration uses a polyphase power supply to energize successive OAUGDP/spl trade/ plasma actuators at progressive voltage phase angles. The resulting horizontal electric field of the traveling electrostatic wave produces a body force that accelerates the plasma, analogous to the apparent motion of light in a phased array of bulbs on a theatre marquee. A OAUGDP/spl trade/ plasma actuator intended for aerodynamic applications consists of electrodes flush mounted on either side of a dielectric panel. The panels are energized by a RF power supply that characteristically operates at voltages between 0 and 10 kV, and frequencies between 0.5 kHz and 8 kHz. During our plasma actuator development program, many electrode geometries were designed and investigated to obtain optimum operating conditions. Parametric dependencies from the flow visualization and velocity profile tests are presented for a wide range of operating conditions, and the need to establish an optimum operating condition is discussed.
The Range of an Analytic Function

In this chapter the range of an analytic function is investigated. A generic problem of this type is the following: Let ℱ be a family of analytic functions on a region G which satisfy some property P. What can be said about f (G) for each f in ℱ? Are the sets f(G) uniformly big in some sense? Does there exist a ball B(a; r) such that f(G) ⊃ B(a; r) for each f in ℱ? Needless to say, the answers to such questions depend on the property P which is used to define ℱ.
A Preliminary Study of Injectable Collagen in Human Vocal Fold Augmentation

Soluble bovine collagen was injected for vocal fold augmentation in 27 patients with glottic insufficiency. Preliminary observations show that glottic closure was enhanced in all patients with no serious complications. Subjective and objective measures of vocal efficiency indicated improvement with reduction in airflow, improved glottic closure, and increased vocal intensity. Recent studies that reveal distant migration of injected Teflon suggest the need for the development of a safe biologic material for soft tissue augmentation. Collagen appears to satisfy criteria as an ideal bioimplant, tends to soften scar tissue, and is structurally similar to natural collagen in the human vocal fold. Further longitudinal studies and the development of potentially more stable cross-linked collagen preparations seem indicated.
Nonresident land-ownership. A potential factor in rural change.

Abstract Landownership, the ultimate in usage control, has a limited literature because primary information is localized and detailed. Summarizing six ownership studies in the Appalachian sections of four states in the USA, this paper compares the extent of the holdings, the attributes of the owners, and their management and plans for the land. The article notes that patterns did not vary much from area to area, and that in the counties concerned, abandoned farmlands shift to the special use category as nonresidents purchase them for personal or recreational uses.
Ballots del Barrio: An Investigation of Latino Participation

This research examines the disjuncture between Hispanic strength in population and Hispanic participation in politics. This paper examines the nature of this disjuncture: its severity, its causes, and its consequences. Hispanics currently comprise 11.2% of the U.S. population, but the Hispanic vote in the 1998 elections comprised only 4.7% of all ballots cast.
Complex lipid determines tissue-specific replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in the world resulting from a single bacterial infection1. Despite its enormous burden on world health, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bacterial multiplication and concomitant tissue damage within an infected host, including experimentally infected mice, occurs primarily in the lungs—the favoured niche of M. tuberculosis2. Although it has been proposed that the distinctive cell wall of M. tuberculosis is important for virulence, rigorous genetic proof has been lacking. Here, using signature-tagged mutagenesis, we isolated three attenuated M. tuberculosis mutants that cannot synthesize or transport a complex, cell wall-associated lipid called phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) which is found only in pathogenic mycobacteria3,4. Two mutants have transposon insertions affecting genes implicated in PDIM synthesis; the third has a disruption in a gene encoding a large transmembrane protein required for proper subcellular localization of PDIM. Synthesis and transport of this complex lipid is only required for growth in the lung; all three mutants are unaffected for growth in the liver and spleen. This clearly shows that a lipid is required for M. tuberculosis virulence.
Floer Homology on the Extended Moduli Space

Starting from a Heegaard splitting of a three-manifold, we use Lagrangian Floer homology to construct a three-manifold invariant in the form of a relatively \(\mathbb{Z}/8\mathbb{Z}\)-graded abelian group. Our motivation is to have a well-defined symplectic side of the Atiyah–Floer conjecture for arbitrary three-manifolds. The symplectic manifold used in the construction is the extended moduli space of flat SU (2)-connections on the Heegaard surface. An open subset of this moduli space carries a symplectic form, and each of the two handlebodies in the decomposition gives rise to a Lagrangian inside the open set. In order to define their Floer homology, we compactify the open subset by symplectic cutting; the resulting manifold is only semipositive, but we show that one can still develop a version of Floer homology in this setting.
Measurement of Particle and Drop Velocities in a Mixed Abrasive Water Jet Using a Forward-Scatter LDV System

The development of improved mixing tube designs for abrasive water jets has been hindered by the lack of a reliable, non-intrusive method for measurement of the velocities achieved by particles and drops in the three-phase jet leaving the mixing tube. Unless these velocities can be determined, it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of momentum transfer from the coherent pure water jet to abrasive particles in the mixing process. This paper describes a method used for abrasive water jet velocity measurements which uses a forward-scatter LDV system. Using the forward-scatter technique makes it possible to utilize a thin, low power laser to produce a small probe volume. Results are presented for velocity measurements obtained over a range of operating conditions and mixing tube sizes.
A modelling approach for MOF-encapsulated metal catalysts and application to n-butane oxidation

Metal nanoparticles (NP) encapsulated by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are novel composite materials that have shown promise as regioselective catalysts. The regioselectivity in these materials arises from steric constraints imposed by the porous MOF structure, which limit the way molecules approach and interact with the metal surface. Here we introduce a conceptually simple DFT approach to model reactions under such steric constraints. This approach is computationally efficient and accounts for the steric constraints imposed by a MOF pore in a general way. The adsorption of reactants, intermediates, and products associated with oxidation of n-butane to 1-butanol (and 2-butanol) on clean and oxygen-covered palladium surfaces is investigated with (and without) the constraints of a pore. Reaction energies are calculated, and we find that the thermodynamic favorability of the intermediate reactions is affected by the presence of steric constraints, oxygen coverage, and the exposed crystal surface of the metal. Based on these results, the Pd(111) surface with 0.25 ML oxygen coverage and steric constraints (which could be provided by a suitable MOF) seems promising to favor the desired sequence of reactions that would lead to the conversion of n-butane to 1-butanol.
Evaluation of a maximal predictive cycle ergometer test of aerobic power

A maximal predictive cycle ergometer (CE) test for estimating maximal oxygen uptake ( $$\dot V$$ O2 max) was evaluated in 15 male and 12 female subjects. The test consisted of pedalling a cycle ergometer (Monark) at 75 rev·min−1, beginning at an intensity of 37.5 watts and increasing by this amount each min until the subject could no longer maintain pedal rate. The highest work rate achieved was recorded as the endpoint of the test and used to construct regression equations to predict $$\dot V$$ O2 max. This was compared with two direct measures of $$\dot V$$ O2 max [an interrupted treadmill (TM) run and an interrupted CE procedure at 60 rev·min−1] and with the submaximal predictive test of astrand-Rhyming. When compared to TM $$\dot V$$ O2 max, $$\dot V$$ O2 measured during the final 30 s of the maximal predictive CE test was 16.0% and 16.2% lower for males and females respectively; compared to $$\dot V$$ O2 max determined by the direct CE test, it was lower by 2.9% for males and 5.2% for females. Correlation coefficients for $$\dot V$$ O2 max predicted from the maximal predictive CE test and $$\dot V$$ O2 max measured directly by CE and TM were 0.89 and 0.87 for males and 0.88 and 0.83 for females (p<0.01), respectively. The $$\dot V$$ O2 max predicted from the astrand-Rhyming test correlated significantly with $$\dot V$$ O2 max max measured by CE and TM only in the male group. Test-retest reliability coefficients for intensity (watts) on the maximal predictive CE test were 0.95 and 0.81 for males and females respectively (p<0.01). The data suggest that this CE test gives a reliable and valid estimate of $$\dot V$$ O2 max.
A methodology for coupling a visual enhancement device to human visual attention

The Human Variation Model views disability as simply "an extension of the natural physical, social, and cultural variability of mankind." Given this human variation, it can be difficult to distinguish between a prosthetic device such as a pair of glasses (which extends limited visual abilities into the "normal" range) and a visual enhancement device such as a pair of binoculars (which extends visual abilities beyond the "normal" range). Indeed, there is no inherent reason why the design of visual prosthetic devices should be limited to just providing "normal" vision. One obvious enhancement to human vision would be the ability to visually "zoom" in on objects that are of particular interest to the viewer. Indeed, it could be argued that humans already have a limited zoom capability, which is provided by their highresolution foveal vision. However, humans still find additional zooming useful, as evidenced by their purchases of binoculars equipped with mechanized zoom features. The fact that these zoom features are manually controlled raises two questions: (1) Could a visual enhancement device be developed to monitor attention and control visual zoom automatically? (2) If such a device were developed, would its use be experienced by users as a simple extension of their natural vision? This paper details the results of work with two research platforms called the Remote Visual Explorer (ReVEx) and the Interactive Visual Explorer (InVEx) that were developed specifically to answer these two questions.