cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Removing Guns From Batterers Findings From a Pilot Survey of Domestic Violence Restraining Order Recipients in California

Persons under certain domestic violence restraining orders in California are required to surrender any firearms in their possession within 24 hours of service. The California Department of Justice funded a pilot program in which Sheriff's Offices in two counties developed a system for better enforcing the firearm surrender requirement. As part of a larger process evaluation, 17 restraining order recipients were interviewed about their experiences with and feelings about the removal of firearms from their abusers. Most women surveyed wanted firearms removed and felt safer as a result of their removal. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Performance Analysis for Matched-Field Source Localization: Simulations and Experimental Results

Matched-field methods concern estimation of source locations and/or ocean environmental parameters by exploiting full wave modeling of acoustic waveguide propagation. Typical estimation performance demonstrates two fundamental limitations. First, sidelobe ambiguities dominate the estimation at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), leading to a threshold performance behavior. Second, most matched-field algorithms show a strong sensitivity to environmental/system mismatch, introducing biased estimates at high SNR. In this paper, some theoretical developments on matched-field performance analysis are summarized, including Bayesian performance bounds and probabilistic ambiguity analysis, both incorporating environmental/system uncertainty/mismatch. Performance analysis is then implemented for source localization in a typical shallow water environment chosen from the Shallow Water Evaluation Cell Experiments (SWellEX). The performance predictions describe the simulations of the maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) well, including the mean-square error (MSE) in all SNR regions as well as the bias at high SNR. The threshold SNR and bias predictions are also validated through SWellEX experimental data processing. The results suggest the current environmental, acoustic, and statistical modeling has developed to such a level that the optimum theoretical matched-field performance can be achieved in a well-controlled experiment
Insider and outsider status: An African American perspective

This chapter addresses the dual status of African American faculty in adult education as both a marginalized group and as a group central to the collective identity of adult education in the United States.
An enhanced data model for CAD/CAM database systems

The record-based conventional data models have been criticized as not powerful enough to model a complex data domain of CAD/CAM. This paper proposes a Semantic Network plus Model (SN+M) as a data model for an integrated CAD/CAM database system. The SN+M basically is a model coupling semantic network capability developed in artificial intelligence and relational table capability developed in database in order to naturally accommodate the features of a complex data domain.In this paper, we first discuss some of the special features of a CAD/CAM data domain which make it very desirable to have a higher level data model. The SN+M data model concept is then briefly discussed. We then discuss on how the proposed model can be used adequately and naturally to model some of the important and representative information of CAD/CAM data domain. Finally, a conclusion is made to summarize the major advantages of the proposed use of SN+M as compared the use of conventional data models.
Alliance management teams and entrainment: Sharing temporal mental models

Creating and administrating successful strategic alliances poses a significant challenge to interorganizational managerial teams. Using shared mental model theory as a framework, we propose that the effectiveness of these managerial teams can be increased if the team shares a common temporal mental model with regard to the alliance. Specifically, a shared mental model in terms of the elements of entrainment (e.g. cycle, pace, time orientation) will allow team members to actively assess and better manage entrainment issues which we suggest are a crucial component of strategic alliances, although not one that has been studied to a great extent.
Energy, Performance, and Probability Tradeoffs for Energy-Efficient Probabilistic CMOS Circuits

The scaling trend of semiconductor devices has raised several issues such as energy consumption and heat dissipation, as well as the increasing probabilistic behavior of devices. Motivated by the necessity to consider probabilistic approaches to future designs, probabilistic CMOS (PCMOS) based computing has been proposed. PCMOS devices are inherently probabilistic devices that compute correctly with a probability p. This paper investigates the tradeoffs between the energy, speed (or performance), and probability of correctness (p) of PCMOS circuits. For given constraints on p, performance, and energy delay product (EDP), and using analytical models of energy, delay, and p, the optimum values of EDP and probability are found for PCMOS circuits. The analytical models are validated using circuit simulations for PCMOS circuits designed in a 0.13-mum process. The results show that, to minimize EDP, it is preferable to operate PCMOS circuits at lower supply voltages. On the other hand, to maximize p, the highest possible supply voltage under the given constraints is preferable. Our analysis makes it possible to achieve an optimal circuit design that satisfies the p , performance, and EDP requirements for a given application. An analysis of the impact of variations in temperature, threshold voltage, and supply voltage on optimal EDP and probability values is also included.
Digital divide and purchase intention: Why demographic psychology matters

The author examines the issue of digital divide from a demographic perspective. The influence of gender, age, education, and income on the likelihood to purchase over the Internet is empirically examined. Hypotheses are framed in the context of psychological correlates of the demographic variables. Findings show that these variables significantly influence the likelihood to purchase over the Internet and can be used to profile, segment, and target markets and develop public policies to bridge the digital divide.
Leukocyte rolling and extravasation are severely compromised in P selectin-deficient mice

P selectin, expressed on surfaces of activated endothelial cells and platelets, is an adhesion receptor for leukocytes. We report that P selectin-deficient mice, generated by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells, exhibit a number of defects in leukocyte behavior, including elevated numbers of circulating neutrophils, virtually total absence of leukocyte rolling in mesenteric venules, and delayed recruitment of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity upon experimentally induced inflammation. These results clearly demonstrate a role for P selectin in leukocyte interactions with the vessel wall and in the early steps of leukocyte recruitment at sites of inflammation. These mutant mice should prove useful in deciphering the contributions of P selectin in various inflammatory responses as well as in platelet functions.
Economics of scale and scope in multiproduct firms: evidence from US railroads

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in analysing scale economies in US railroad firms. The analysis of scale economies in existing studies is, however, limited in view of recent advances in the theory of the multiproduct firm. In this paper, the previous work is extended to address the issue of scale and scope economies in multiproduct firms. The findings show that US railroads experience mild overall economies of scale, but rather marked product-specific economies of scale with respect to both freight and passenger services. However, there appear to be diseconomies of scope associated with the joint production of the two services. Based on these results, this study indicates that US railroad firms would have no tendency to behave as a natural monopoly in the absence of regulation.
The new Rapid-i carrier is an effective system for human embryo vitrification at both the blastocyst and cleavage stage

The Rapid-i is a new FDA cleared closed carrier for embryo vitrification. The cooling rate of - 1220°C/min is far lower than that reported with open vitrification systems such as the cryoloop (−15,000°C/min). Little published data is currently available on this device. This study presents our initial clinical data, as well as live birth outcomes, with the Rapid-i. The efficacy of this device for the cryopreservation of cleavage, as well as blastocyst stage human embryos is also analyzed. We further compare outcomes to those achieved with the cryoloop, an “open” vitrification system routinely used in our laboratory. Human embryos were vitrified at either the 8–10 cell stage or else the blastocyst stage. The vitrification protocol was: 7.5% DMSO/7.5% ethylene glycol (EG) (2–3 min) followed by incubation in 15% DMSO /15% EG (45 sec) before loading on the vitrification carrier. Cryoprotectant was removed during warming by sequential washes in 0.25 M and 0.125 M sucrose in culture medium. Clinical outcome data for frozen cycles between January 2011 and August 2012 were stratified according to carrier and cell stage. The student t-test and chi square test were used to compare results. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. A total of 486 vitrified-warmed embryos were assessed and 92% of them were transferred. The clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and implantation rate (IR) with Rapid-i vitrified blastocysts were 59% and 49%, versus 47% and 37%, respectively for cleavage stage embryos. This was not statistically different from results with the cryoloop vitrified blastocysts (CPR 46%, IR 38%) nor the cleavage stage vitrified embryos (CPR 49%, IR 35%). To date, there have been 31 deliveries of 34 healthy infants from Rapid-i vitrified embryos, with another 12 pregnancies still on-going. The Rapid-i offers an excellent alternative to existing open vitrification devices for embryo cryopreservation at the 8–10 cell stage as well as the blastocyst stage. Use of this type of “closed” sealed system that prevents direct contact between the embryos and liquid nitrogen reduces the potential risk of sample cross-contamination or infection. These preliminary data and live birth outcomes have paved the way toward transitioning to a closed vitrification system in our own IVF program.
Defining Rules for the Shape Evolution of Gold Nanoparticles

The roles of silver ions and halides (chloride, bromide, and iodide) in the seed-mediated synthesis of gold nanostructures have been investigated, and their influence on the growth of 10 classes of nanoparticles that differ in shape has been determined. We systematically studied the effects that each chemical component has on the particle shape, on the rate of particle formation, and on the chemical composition of the particle surface. We demonstrate that halides can be used to (1) adjust the reduction potential of the gold ion species in solution and (2) passivate the gold nanoparticle surface, both of which control the reaction kinetics and thus enable the selective synthesis of a series of different particle shapes. We also show that silver ions can be used as an underpotential deposition agent to access a different set of particle shapes by controlling growth of the resulting gold nanoparticles through surface passivation (more so than kinetic effects). Importantly, we show that the density of silver ...
Social Marketing Campaigns and Children's Media Use

Summary Media-related commercial marketing aimed at promoting the purchase of products and services by children, and by adults for children, is ubiquitous and has been associated with negative health consequences such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity. But, as Douglas Evans points out, not all marketing in the electronic media is confined to the sale of products. Increas ingly savvy social marketers have begun to make extensive use of the same techniques and strategies used by commercial marketers to promote healthful behaviors and to counter some of the negative effects of conventional media marketing to children and adolescents. Evans points out that social marketing campaigns have been effective in helping to prevent and control tobacco use, increase physical activity, improve nutrition, and promote condom use, as well as other positive health behaviors. He reviews the evidence from a number of major recent campaigns and programming in the United States and overseas and describes the evaluation and research methods used to determine their effectiveness.
Self-esteem in a palliative care population

Objective.To study the effects of palliative care treatment in cancer patients, on their self-esteem.Design and setting.It was a cross-sectional study conducted at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Ho...
The Effect of Depression on Physician–Patient Communication Among Hispanic End-Stage Renal Disease Patients

End-stage renal disease is associated with increased level of depression. Depression is associated with a reduction in the ability of people to effectively communicate in interpersonal settings. The interaction between end-stage renal disease patients and their physicians has important implications for the course of the treatment of this disease; however, there is limited research examining the influence of depression on general patient-physician communication. This study examines the association between depression and physician-patient communication in a sample of Hispanic end-stage renal disease patients. Participating patients filled out the Beck Depression Inventory and self-reported their feelings about meeting with physicians. Patients then met with a physician, and a nurse practitioner observed the interaction. Results indicate that depression was negatively associated with patients' self-reported perceptions of their readiness for the appointment (r =-.20) and with self-reported communication efficacy (r =-.19). Moreover, the nurse practitioner rated patients with depression as being significantly less likely (a) to ask for clarification (r =-.40), (b) to be engaged in the conversation (r =-.46), and (c) to be forthcoming with the physician (r =-.37). Results of this study have significant implications for communication between physicians and end-stage renal disease patients and for the influence of depression on patient-physician communication.
Studies in Interactive Communication: III. Effects of Similar and Dissimilar Communication Channels and Two Interchange Options on Team Problem Solving

16 teams of 2 college students each solved four credible “real world” problems for which computer systems have been or could be useful. Each of the 4 problems was solved on four successive days. A team member sent messages either by voice or by typewriter, and every team was tested with all 4 combinations of the 2 message channels assigned to individual team members. Half the teams could interrupt their partners at any time; half could not. Dependent measures were time to solution, number of messages exchanged, total number of words used per team, message length, messages communicated per minute of channel time, and words communicated per minute of channel time. The results show that communication by voice is much more rapid and wordy than is communication by typewriter. Giving Ss the freedom to interrupt had no effect on the time required to solve problems, on the number of words used in the solution of problems, or on the rate at which words were communicated. When Ss had the freedom to interrupt, they ...
Probabilistic analysis of the held and Karp lower bound for the euclidean traveling salesman problem

We analyze probabilistically the classical Held-Karp lower bound derived from the 1-tree relaxation for the Euclidean traveling salesman problem ETSP. We prove that, if n points are identically and independently distributed according to a distribution with bounded support and absolutely continuous part fxdx over the d-cube, the Held-Karp lower bound on these n points is almost surely asymptotic to βHKdn d-1/d â« fx d-1/d dx, where βHKd is a constant independent of n. The result suggests a probabilistic explanation of the observation that the lower bound is very close to the length of the optimal tour in practice, since the ETSP is almost surely asymptotic to βTSPdn d-1/d â« fx d-1/d dx. The techniques we use exploit the polyhedral description of the Held-Karp lower bound and the theory of subadditive Euclidean functionals.
The state of cost–effectiveness analysis in American managed care

In 1996, the US Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine published detailed recommendations for the conduct and use of cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) of medical technologies. These recommendations were expected to promote the use of CEA to inform the resource allocation decisions of a diverse audience including, among others, American managed care organizations. Yet, nearly 10 years later, the limited explicit use of CEA in the USA remains a prominent discussion topic, with few signs of resolution. Its limited use within managed care is especially striking given the industry's stated interest in efficient healthcare and historically unstable finances in the face of continually rising healthcare costs.
Phosphorylation of Mammalian Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 6 and Its Saccharomyces cerevisiae Homologue Tif6p: Evidence that Phosphorylation of Tif6p Regulates Its Nucleocytoplasmic Distribution and Is Required for Yeast Cell Growth

The synthesis of 60S ribosomal subunits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires Tif6p, the yeast homologue of mammalian eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6). In the present work, we have isolated a protein kinase from rabbit reticulocyte lysates on the basis of its ability to phosphorylate recombinant human eIF6. Mass spectrometric analysis as well as antigenic properties of the purified kinase identified it as casein kinase I. The site of in vitro phosphorylation, which is highly conserved from yeast to mammals, was identified as the serine residues at positions 174 (major site) and 175 (minor site). The homologous yeast protein Tif6p was also phosphorylated in vivo in yeast cells. Mutation of Tif6p at serine-174 to alanine reduced phosphorylation drastically and caused loss of cell growth and viability. When both Ser-174 and Ser-175 were mutated to alanine, phosphorylation of Tif6p was completely abolished. Furthermore, while wild-type Tif6p was distributed both in nuclei and the cytoplasm of yeast cells, the mutant Tif6p (with Ser174Ala and Ser175Ala) became a constitutively nuclear protein. These results suggest that phosphorylatable Ser-174 and Ser-175 play a critical role in the nuclear export of Tif6p.
Properties of the k-norm pruning algorithm for decision tree classifiers

Pruning is one of the key procedures in training decision tree classifiers. It removes trivial rules from the raw knowledge base built from training examples, in order to avoid over-using noisy, conflicting, or fuzzy inputs, so that the refined model can generalize better with unseen cases. In this paper, we present a number of properties of k-norm pruning, a recently proposed pruning algorithm, which has clear theoretical interpretation. In an earlier paper it was shown that k-norm pruning compares very favorably in terms of accuracy and size with minimal cost-complexity pruning and error based pruning, two of the most cited decision tree pruning methods; it was also shown that k-norm pruning is more efficient, at times orders of magnitude more efficient than minimal cost-complexity pruning and error based pruning. In this paper, we demonstrate the validity of the k-norm properties through a series of theorems, and explain their practical significance.
Progress towards Boron Neutron Capture Enhancement of Fast Neutron Therapy at the Harper Hospital Neutron Therapy Facility

The neutron beam at the Gershenson Radiation Oncology Center is produced in a unique gantry mounted superconducting cyclotron.1 A 48.5 MeV deuteron beam is incident on an internal beryllium target and a beam current of up to 15µA produces a fast neutron dose rate of 48cGy per minute. The beam current is presently limited by the power dissipation characteristics of the target, but a relatively simple target modification will allow this limit to be increased by a factor of 3–3.5. Although the thermal neutron fluence is reasonable compared to that produced in a reactor, the physical dose enhancement due to the boron neutron capture reaction is only 2 to 4% for a 15cm × 15cm field at depths between 2.5 and 15cm with a 10B concentration of 50µgg−1 (Figure 1). Therefore, in order to have a fast neutron beam which is suitable for boron neutron capture enhanced fast neutron therapy (BNCEFNT) it is necessary to increase the thermal neutron component of the beam relative to the fast neutron dose by filtration and/or moderation or some other strategy. Using a high Z target to increase the yield of low energy neutrons through spallation reactions may be one option, although it is desirable to retain the fast neutron characteristics of the beam. In particular a fast neutron component with a reasonable depth dose characteristic is required if the fast neutron component of the dose is going to be effectively exploited. It has been shown that beams with a suitable mix of dose components (i.e. 50–60% of the biological effect due to fast Open image in new window Figure 1 Results of dose enhancement measurements in a d(48.5)-Be (circles) and a d(48.5)-W (square) fast neutron beam for a 15 cm × 15 cm with 50 µgg−1. Measurements were made using the dual microdosimetric counter technique described in the text. neutrons, 10% due to gamma rays and 25–35% due to boron neutron capture products) can be produced by using an iron or tungsten filter.2,3
Local business ownership and local economic performance: evidence from US counties

ABSTRACTLocal business ownership and local economic performance: evidence from US counties. Regional Studies. A rich US county-level dataset is utilized to obtain a statistical characterization of the relationship between the size of the local-based business sector and local economic performance. The study also disaggregates the local businesses sector by establishment size. The results do not provide conclusive evidence that the size of the local businesses sector is positively and significantly associated with local economic performance. The disaggregated results show some evidence of a significant and positive association of smaller local businesses with local economic performance compared with larger local businesses.
Interference in Fatty Acid Metabolism of Laying Hens Caused by Cottonseed Oil Feeding

Abstract EGGS laid by hens fed rations containing either crude cottonseed oil or Sterculia foetida seeds contained higher levels of stearic acid and lower levels of oleic acid than eggs produced by hens fed a normal laying ration (Evans et al., 1961). Livers, blood plasma, and ovaries of these hens also contained more stearic acid and less oleic acid than those of normal hens, but only slight changes occurred in fatty acid distribution of heart lipides or of depot fat (Evans et al., 1962). Both crude cottonseed oil and S. foetida seed oil contain some materials that interfere with fatty acid metabolism in the hen. The interference causes the hen to produce more saturated fatty acids and less monoenoic fatty acids than are produced by hens not fed these oils rather than causing the hen to deposit more stearic acid and less oleic acid in the eggs (Evans et al., 1962).
Occupational health survey of the enterprises used n-hexane in Bao'an district of Shenzhen

Objective To survey the occupational health situation of the enterprises used n-hexane in Bao'an district of Shenzhen.Methods The n-hexane CTWA of the workplace air was monitored by solvent desorption-gas chromatographic method,the occupational Health surveillance was analyzed,and the workers were investigated on their personal protection by questionnaires.Results The qualified rate of the n-hexane among all the enterprises was 93.7%.Electronic and printing enterprises were the most,about 60 percent,operating posts of printing and washing were the most hazardous.2 431 workers had the occupational health inspection,none suspected occupational disease,but 12 occupational contraindications had been found;92.2 percent of the workers had personal protection in the workplace,but only 70.9 percent of the workers worn rubber gloves and gas masks.The usage rate of rubber gloves and gas masks in the electronic enterprises was the lowest,which was 68 percent.Conclusion The occupational health situation of the enterprises used n-hexane in Bao'an district is relatively good,but the usage rate of rubber gloves and gas masks is low,and the personal protection of electronic enterprises is worse than the others.
Refrigeration methods of the chamber for measuring burning rate

The heat transfer model of the chamber is established to meet the demand for measuring propellant strand burning rate at low temperature It is proved that liquid state CO 2 pressure adjustment refrigeration is the best refrigeration method by comparing the different refrigeration methods and properties of the chamber.
Collective intention recognition and elder care

The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we present a new method for collective intention recognition based on mainstream philosophical accounts. Second, we extend our previous Elder Care system with collective intention recognition ability for assisting a couple of elderly people. The previous system was just capable of individual intention recognition, and so it has now been enabled to deal with situations where the elders intend to do things together.
Evolutionary Energy Method (EEM): An Aerothermoservoelectroelastic Application

Abstract Evolution means a process of change in a particular direction, evolutionary being the adjectival form of the word. This chapter is based on a novel theoretical foundation introduced by the author as the Evolutionary Energy Method (EEM) finding its root in the natural law of energy conservation, specifically the First Law of Thermodynamics. To this end, the Law ofEvolutionary Energy (LEE) is introduced as the encompassing foundational evolutionary equation, where the evolutionary operator Ð is a directional change operation via parameter alterations on the energy-quantities satisfying the energy-conservation law along the actual dynamic path, and acts on the total evolving energy, which is defined as the time integral of the total actual energy interactions in a dynamic system. The EEM is an algebraic (direct) energy method; that is, it uses and needs no knowledge of differential equations of the system for response and/or control studies of dynamic systems. Introduction of the concept of Assumed-Time Modes (ATM) for the generalized response variables and generalized control inputs of a dynamic system in conjunction with the Law of Evolutionary Energy culminates in elimination of time from the system dynamics completely, yielding the Algebraic Evolutionary Energy description of the system dynamics for response and control studies. As an application of the EEM, an aerothermoservoelectroelastic system is described completely algebraically and illustrated for studying the feasibility of structural skin temperature control in Mach 10 hypersonic flight by using optimal distributed control actuation. The structural temperature and the structural deformation are controlled simultaneously by using only temperature-feedback optimal control laws via elastothermoelectric actuation.
Short and Long Term Physiological and Neurochemical Adaptations to Social Conflict

Social conflict engenders behavioral and physiological phonemena that are relevant to the concept of stress. Attack and threat by an opponent leads to profound behavioral, physiological and neurochemical reactions, some adaptative, others maladaptative, by animals that exhibit defensive and submissive responses (Miczek et al., 1989 in press). Here, we focus on the short-and long-term submissive reactions at the level of behavior, endocrine and cardiovascular physiology as well as certain neurochemical systems in mice and rats that confront an aggressive opponent.
Primary cutaneous adenosquamous carcinoma of the penis: the first characterization of HPV status in this rare and diagnostically challenging entity with review of glandular carcinomas of the penis

Glandular and pseudoglandular tumors of the penile skin are extremely uncommon and can present diagnostic challenges. Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the penis is an extremely rare tumor, composed of distinct areas of malignant squamous and glandular cells, making it a diagnostically challenging entity. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes several subtypes of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), each with its own distinctive pathologic appearance, clinical associations and prognosis. Among these variants is the exceedingly uncommon adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), representing 1%-2% of all SCC of the penis. Recent large studies have interrogated the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in malignant penile tumors and have shown specific morphologic patterns and clinical presentations to associate with HPV status. However, given the rarity of the adenosquamous variant of SCC, it has largely been excluded from these studies. The glandular components of these lesions can present a confusing appearance, particularly when a large tumor is represented on a small biopsy. Here we describe a difficult histologic presentation of this rare tumor, with the first published characterization of the HPV status of this subtype. This case represents a distinctly unusual case of metastatic HPV-positive primary cutaneous adenosquamous carcinoma of the penis.
Field Trials to Determine the Efficacy of an Oral Plague Vaccine for Prairie Dogs

North American prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) and black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) have been severely affected by plague, an exotic zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis during the last 100 years. Plague has contributed to population declines of prairie dogs, near extinction of black-footed ferrets, and has caused human illness and fatalities. An oral sylvatic plague vaccine (SPV) developed and tested jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center and University of Wisconsin (Madison, WI) shows great promise as an effective, pre-emptive method for controlling plague in prairie dogs. Field trials to evaluate the efficacy of SPV were initiated in 2013 and include 4 species of prairie dogs on study areas in 7 states, including Montana. This presentation is a status report after the second year of a planned 4 year study. The primary objectives are to measure vaccine/bait uptake and to assess prairie dog survival rates at paired study sites, with and without vaccine application. At the north-central Montana study site, about 8,000 baits, half with SPV and half placebos, were distributed across 5 pairs of study sites (totaling 81 ha) in 2013 and over 13,000 in 2014 on the same 5 pairs of study sites (totaling 107 ha). In addition to ear tagging and microchip-marking each individual, flea, hair, whisker and blood samples were collected each year. A total of 584 individual prairie dogs were marked during 929 capture events in 2013 and 814 individuals during 1,293 capture events in 2014.
The crossed phrenic phenomenon

The cervical spine is the most common site of traumatic vertebral column injuries. Respiratory insufficiency constitutes a significant proportion of the morbidity burden and is the most common cause of mortality in these patients. In seeking to enhance our capacity to treat specifically the respiratory dysfunction following spinal cord injury, investigators have studied the “crossed phrenic phenomenon”, wherein contraction of a hemidiaphragm paralyzed by a complete hemisection of the ipsilateral cervical spinal cord above the phrenic nucleus can be induced by respiratory stressors and recovers spontaneously over time. Strengthening of latent contralateral projections to the phrenic nucleus and sprouting of new descending axons have been proposed as mechanisms contributing to the observed recovery. We have recently demonstrated recovery of spontaneous crossed phrenic activity occurring over minutes to hours in C1-hemisected unanesthetized decerebrate rats. The specific neurochemical and molecular pathways underlying crossed phrenic activity following injury require further clarification. A thorough understanding of these is necessary in order to develop targeted therapies for respiratory neurorehabilitation following spinal trauma. Animal studies provide preliminary evidence for the utility of neuropharmacological manipulation of serotonergic and adenosinergic pathways, nerve grafts, olfactory ensheathing cells, intraspinal microstimulation and a possible role for dorsal rhizotomy in recovering phrenic activity following spinal cord injury
Altruistic Prison Programmes in America: A Platform for Transformation

Correctional programmes with elements of altruism or ‘giving back’ have grown increasingly popular over the last 20 years across the United States and other Western countries. This type of programming includes dog training, food bank, and Habitat for Humanity programmes, all of which provide a service to the community. The limited, but growing, literature on these programmes suggests that they promote desistance and have a restorative effect, which theorists have suggested can go hand-in-hand. Supporting the potential mechanisms of change suggested by this literature, correctional and desistance theorists have noted avenues for transformation embedded in altruistic acts. This chapter will expand on the current literature by examining the findings from an evaluation of dog-training programmes. Theoretical mechanisms underlying how altruism programmes can promote desistance are examined. Finally, this chapter will examine the potential future of altruism programmes in American corrections and worldwide.
New Venture Strategies: Transforming Caterpillars into Butterflies

Newly launched ventures face an uncertain future. Careful planning and organizing in the pre-launch stage can reduce this uncertainty. However, as these ventures are launched, they have to manage the powerful and unpredictable forces of the market and competition. They have to learn to maneuver and fly their way into existence and survival. They need also to be clever in selecting their markets, assembling their resources, defining their strategic thrusts and determining their competitive weapons. These ventures need to learn and conceive of new ways to compete. By crafting creative competitive, cooperative and political strategies, entrepreneurs give their ventures the power to survive, make a profit and grow.
Polycythemia Associated with Myeloma

Four cases of polycythemia associated with myeloma are described. Three of four had polycythemia vera with IgA monoclonal gammopathy. The possible relationship between chronic myeloproliferative disorder and myeloma is discussed. Review of the literature revealed 11 such cases, four of which had a history of 32P therapy for polycythemia vera.
A potential source of false-positive sentinel nodes: immunostain misadventure.

Abstract The clinical and pathologic aspects of sentinel lymph node biopsy have generated much attention. Pitfalls in the pathologic handling of sentinel lymph node specimens have received little attention. We report a case in which a false-positive diagnosis might have been rendered on a sentinel lymph node because of an inadvertent immunostaining error. Attention was drawn to the problem by an unusual pattern of distribution of immunoreactive cells—which proved to be plasma cells rather than metastatic carcinoma cells.
Organic and conventional coffee differentiation by NMR spectroscopy

Abstract The present study reports the application of 1H NMR profiling for the differentiation of organic and conventional Coffea arabica roasted coffee samples. NMR data of coffees with different geographical origins have been analyzed by chemometrics for a possible metabolite differentiation. Classification methods like OPLS-DA allowed to highlight fatty acids, β-(1-3)- d -galactopyranose, β-(1-4)- d -mannopyranose, quinic acid and its cyclic ester as the characteristic metabolite for organic coffee, while trigonelline, CGA isomers, caffeine and acetate for conventional ones. The use of Orthogonal Signal Correction (OSC) filters improved the samples differentiation confirming fatty acids, β-(1-3)- d -galactopyranose, quinic acid and its cyclic ester as the major metabolites characterizing organic roasted coffee, while conventional resulted enriched in trigonelline and CGA isomers. The preliminary data here presented indicated 1H NMR spectroscopy as a valid method for farming differentiation of C. arabica roasted coffee.
The Longest Amyloid-β Precursor Protein Intracellular Domain Produced with Aβ42 Forms β-Sheet-Containing Monomers That Self-Assemble and Are Proteolyzed by Insulin-Degrading Enzyme

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease resulting in dementia. It is characterized pathologically by extracellular amyloid plaques composed mainly of deposited Aβ42 and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Recent clinical trials targeting Aβ have failed, suggesting that other polypeptides produced from the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) may be involved in AD. An attractive polypeptide is AICD57, the longest APP intracellular domain (AICD) coproduced with Aβ42. Here, we show that AICD57 forms micelle-like assemblies that are proteolyzed by insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), indicating that AICD57 monomers are in dynamic equilibrium with AICD57 assemblies. The N-terminal part of AICD57 monomer is not degraded, but its C-terminal part is hydrolyzed, particularly in the YENPTY motif that has been associated with the hyperphosphorylation of tau. Therefore, sustaining IDE activity well into old age holds promise for regulating levels of n...
A sad thumbs up: incongruent gestures and disrupted sensorimotor activity both slow processing of facial expressions.

Recognising a facial expression is more difficult when the expresser's body conveys incongruent affect. Existing research has documented such interference for universally recognisable bodily expres...
CDK12-mediated transcriptional regulation of noncanonical NF-κB components is essential for signaling

Members of the family of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factors are critical for multiple cellular processes, including regulating innate and adaptive immune responses, cell proliferation, and cell survival. Canonical NF-κB complexes are retained in the cytoplasm by the inhibitory protein IκBα, whereas noncanonical NF-κB complexes are retained by p100. Although activation of canonical NF-κB signaling through the IκBα kinase complex is well studied, few regulators of the NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK)-dependent processing of noncanonical p100 to p52 and the subsequent nuclear translocation of p52 have been identified. We discovered a role for cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) in transcriptionally regulating the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. High-content phenotypic screening identified the compound 919278 as a specific inhibitor of the lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 12A (FN14)-dependent nuclear translocation of p52, but not of the TNF-α receptor-mediated nuclear translocation of p65. Chemoproteomics identified CDK12 as the target of 919278. CDK12 inhibition by 919278, the CDK inhibitor THZ1, or siRNA-mediated knockdown resulted in similar global transcriptional changes and prevented the LTβR- and FN14-dependent expression of MAP3K14 (which encodes NIK) as well as NIK accumulation by reducing phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. By coupling a phenotypic screen with chemoproteomics, we identified a pathway for the activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway that could serve as a therapeutic target in autoimmunity and cancer.
University Governance: Structures, Roles, and Responsibilities

This chapter begins with the proposition that the sustainability of our public colleges and universities is ultimately a function of enlightened, effective governance. However, university governance is viewed more “holistically” which means including the critical role of governors, legislators, and systems in the governing “network.” The constitutional and statutory bases for public higher education are described and discussed as important considerations in governance that are almost always overlooked. Special attention is devoted to the role of the governor. Long overlooked, it is increasingly apparent that any significant reform of public higher education must start with or include states’ governors. Equally important are university governing boards and the role they must take in creating a sustainable system of public higher education. The chapter concludes with a discussion of “autonomy and accountability,” key components of public university governance.
Characterization of UAV hover patterns in support of super resolution research

Prior work has demonstrated the efficacy of a hierarchical super-resolution technique for enhancing image data similar to that collected by UAVs. This technology relies on sub-pixel movement between images (which was artificially created during the prior work). This paper characterizes a UAV’s hover movement pattern to evaluate whether this (1) may produce the requisite level of movement and (2) to characterize the distances from the target at which this hover pattern movement provide a suitable level of shifting. The impact of being able to utilize the hover movement to aid super-resolution is discussed and future work is considered.
Spinal macrophage migration inhibitory factor and high mobility group box 1 mediate persistent bladder pain

Abstract Repeated intravesical PAR4 (protease activated receptor 4) activation elicits persistent bladder pain lasting 5 days after the last treatment. Persistent bladder pain was fully reversed by a systemic HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) inhibitor while a MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) antagonist partly reversed it. Since there is growing evidence that spinal MIF and HMGB1 mediate inflammatory and neuropathic pain we examined whether there were spinal changes occurring during persistent bladder pain that may be responsible for maintaining bladder pain. In addition, we tested whether we could modulate persistent bladder pain with spinal MIF or HMGB1 antagonists. Persistent bladder pain was elicited in female C57 mice by repeated (3x) intravesical instillation of PAR4-activating peptide while control animals received scramble peptide treatment. On day 4, spinal cord (L6-S1) changes in c-fos (non-specific marker of spinal activation) was assessed with immunofluorescence while MIF and HMGB1 were assessed with immunofluorescence, western blotting and real-time PCR. On day 7, mice received an intrathecal injection of a neutralizing MIF monoclonal antibody (15 μg in 5 μl PBS) or a HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin (25 μg in 5 μl of 5% alcohol in PBS) and abdominal mechanical threshold was tested. On day 9, mice were treated with vehicle or control and abdominal mechanical threshold was tested. Immunofluorescence showed that c-fos and MIF in the dorsal horn, dorsal grey commissure and intermediolateral areas significantly increased in PAR4-treated mice while HMGB1 was decreased. In addition, intrathecal treatment with MIF neutralizing mAb or glycyrrhizin significantly alleviated abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity at 1 and 2 h and the analgesic effect diminished at 6 h. Vehicle or control treatment had no effect. Persistent bladder pain is associated with spinal changes in MIF and HMGB1 levels. Furthermore, spinal treatment with MIF monoclonal antibody and HMGB1 inhibitor temporarily reversed bladder pain. Our findings suggest that spinal MIF and HMGB1 participate in persistent bladder pain induced by repeated intravesical PAR4 and may be potential therapeutic targets in chronic bladder pain conditions.
Media Coverage of Lesbian Athletes

This chapter discusses prior research about media coverage of women athletes in general, as well as lesbian athletes, and analyzes of the coming out stories of prominent athletes. Scholars have uniformly found that women’s sports receive little coverage, whereas the subject of lesbianism in women’s sports is routinely ignored or presented as a problem. But, recent studies of coming out stories have found reporting to be strongly favorable, suggesting a more hospitable societal and media environment for gay and lesbian athletes.
Racial Differences in the Utilization of Guideline-Recommended and Life-Sustaining Procedures During Hospitalizations for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

There was an error in Fig. 1 as published in this article, and the Hemodialysis and Palliative Care titles in the figure are reversed.
Preoperative Opioid Use Is a Risk Factor for Revision Surgery, Complications, and Increased Resource Utilization After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair:

Background:Studies have shown preoperative opioid use to influence outcomes after various surgical procedures. Researchers have not assessed this relationship after rotator cuff repair (RCR).Hypoth...
Pulsed laser deposition of epitaxial Ba x Sr 1−x TiO 3 /YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 bilayers on LaAlO 3 substrates

YBa2Cu3O7/BaxSr1−xTiO3 bilayers were grown epitaxially on LaA103 substrates using the pulsed laser deposition method. A microstructural investigation revealed that all compositions of BaxSr1−xTiO3 investigated from x = 0 to x = 1 showed (001) orientation and epitaxy across the interface as analyzed by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy channel yields of < 8% for BaTiO3 on YBa2Cu3O7 films. Dielectric properties including the dielectric constant, k, and the loss tangent, tan δ, were measured as a function of composition, and it was found that the highest k-values (k = 400) existed for the x = 0.72 composition.
Envisioning the Future of TCR

Leveraging the strengths of the journal, welcoming more inclusivity, and enhancing their digital presence animates new directions for engaging the broader national and international educational com...
Restitution in America: Why the US Refuses to Join the Global Restitution Party

In the past generation, restitution law has emerged as a global phenomenon. From its Oxbridge home, restitution migrated to the rest of the Commonwealth, and ongoing Europeanization projects have brought the common law of restitution into contact with the Romanist concept of unjust enrichment, further internationalizing this movement. In contrast, in the United States, scholarly interest in restitution, in terms of books, articles, treatises, symposia and courses on restitution, is meager. Similarly, while restitution, equity and tracing cases receive considerable treatment at the highest levels of the English judiciary, US courts seem uninterested in these issues, rarely producing the theory-laden opinions that have become quite common in the House of Lords. The situation is particularly curious because restitution is generally thought to be the invention of late nineteenth-century American scholars. This article explains this divergence. I argue that the Commonwealth restitution discourse is largely a product of pre- or anti-realist legal thought which generates scepticism within the American academic-legal establishment. The article identifies the two dominant camps in American private law thought—left-leaning redistributionalists and the centre-right legal economists—and shows that neither has any use for the Commonwealth's discourse. I conclude by analysing the emerging drafts of the Restatement of Restitution and forecast the future of American restitution law.
Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking

Review of policy-related research on human trafficking and contemporary slavery, with an emphasis on U.S. foreign policy implications.