cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early Experience With a Novel Hybrid Vascular Graft for Hemodialysis Access Creation in Patients With Disadvantaged Anatomy.

Purpose: To describe the use of the Hybrid vascular graft in disadvantaged anatomy for hemodialysis access creation and compare outcomes to standard-wall polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts. Methods: In a retrospective analysis, 25 patients (mean age 65±14 years; 13 men) who received the Hybrid graft were compared with 35 contemporaneous patients (mean age 63±12 years; 20 men) who received a standard PTFE graft for hemodialysis access over a 2-year period. Criteria for Hybrid graft placement were (1) exhausted or inadequate peripheral veins for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation and concomitant small target veins that precluded conventional PTFE graft placement, (2) previous graft anastomosis or a stent in the venous target at the level of the axilla, or (3) failed brachial-basilic or brachial-brachial upper arm transposition AVF with a small target vein at the axilla. Efficacy, anatomic and clinical considerations, and technique were reviewed; patency rates, complications, and reinterventions were ex...
Morphometric analysis of gray matter integrity in individuals with early-treated phenylketonuria

The most widely-reported neurologic finding in individuals with early-treated phenylketonuria (PKU) is abnormality in the white matter of the brain. In contrast, much less is known regarding the impact of PKU on cortical gray matter (GM) structures. Presently, we applied advanced morphometric methods to the analysis of high-resolution structural MRI images from a sample of 19 individuals with early-treated PKU and an age- and gender-matched comparison group of 22 healthy individuals without PKU. Data analysis revealed decreased GM volume in parietal cortex for the PKU group compared with the non-PKU group. A similar trend was observed for occipital GM volume. There was no evidence of group-related differences in frontal or temporal GM volume. Within the PKU group, we also found a significant relationship between blood phenylalanine levels and GM volume for select posterior cortical sub-regions. Taken together with previous research on white matter and gray matter abnormalities in PKU, the present findings point to the posterior cortices as the primary site of neurostructural changes related to early-treated PKU.
Optimization of drayage operations with time-window constraints

This paper addresses a version of the drayage problem in which the intermodal terminal requires trucks to have an appointment, and each truck must pick up or drop off the container at a customer location within a specified time window. This problem is mathematically formulated as an extension of the multiple traveling salesman problem with time windows (m-TSPTW). To efficiently solve the model, an algorithm based on reactive tabu search (RTS) is developed. The RTS solutions demonstrate that the developed integrated model is capable of finding the optimal solutions and is solvable within reasonable time for an operational problem. Experimental results indicate that (1) the appointment quota per time period set by the terminal operator has a significant effect on drayage operation time, (2) for a given change in appointment quota, there is no correlation between problem size and drayage operation time, (3) the adoption of an efficient truck appointment system could considerably reduce operation time for drayage firms, and (4) truck depots should be sited close to the terminal and empty container depot.
Usury and the Efficiency of Market Control Mechanisms

This article presents the authors’ commentary on an accompanying article entitled Usury in English Law, in which Professor R.M. Goode analyzes the English law of usury. Based on opinions garnered from the authors’ recent study of usury law in Arizona and the United States, this article raises directly several issues which Professor Goode’s article raises by implication. Specifically, both his treatment and this analysis have some implications for the ongoing debate about the efficiency of the common law. Furthermore, this article provides some insights into the form and province of usury laws in future years. The authors frame this analysis around a recent postulate made by Judge Richard Posner in the general debate on the efficiency of the common law, claiming that the common law is economically efficient in the sense that it maximizes social wealth. The empirical results of the authors’ study of lenders’ practices in Arizona and the United States, focused primarily in the 1970’s demonstrated that effective usury limits hurt lower income groups by reducing the quantity of credit available. Financial institutions, unable to charge fees sufficient to cover risk premiums, refused to lend to high-risk borrowers. Faced with the barriers of usury laws, borrowers inevitably and constantly have demanded loan money outside the legal limits. Due to frequent drifting form legal limits and repeated collisions with inescapable market forces, usury laws have evolved into an efficient and only mildly intrusive modern mode. Today, usury has been defined as a variable concept, depending on the market sector affected. Furthermore, the authors consider both the influence of the legislative process in responding to efficiency criteria by permitting expensive credit and allowing an expansive credit market, and the United States courts’ response toward permitting a free market by refusing to apply usury limits strictly and literally. In the authors’ opinion, Professor Goode has an optimistic view of the English approach, and the analysis in Usury in English Law misconstrues the trend of usury laws in the United States and elsewhere. The authors also think that the judicial branch should exercise broad discretion in its review of loan agreements, and the prior exercise of such discretion has contributed materially to a viable control system for the money market in Arizona and the United States. This may not, however, assist the more helpless elements in the credit market and only sophisticated borrowers may take advantage of judicial discretion. Instead, the weakest consumers in the market may be helped the most by fostering disclosure and competition.
Small-Signal Admittance of Forward-Biased a-Si:H p+-i-n+ Diodes by Time Domain Analysis

In order to study the observed frequency variation of small-signal admittance of forward- biased amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) p-i-n diodes, we performed time-resolved measurements of currents induced by application of a small voltage step superimposed on a constant DC bias. The small amplitude ensures a linear behavior of the system under study. The transient current response includes all the details necessary to explain the stationary response to small sine-wave excitation. Details are obtained through a Fourier transform of the transient current. The real and imaginary parts of the resulting complex current are related to the capacitance and conductance spectra. This approach can explain phenomena taking place in the stationary regime such as negative capacitance values measured at low frequencies. In the frequency domain, measured capacitances do show negative values, as well as a clear dependence on the applied forward bias voltage. Namely, higher voltages extend the region in which the phenomenon occurs to higher frequencies of the probe signal. In the time domain, all measured transient currents exhibit common features such as an initial decay after the displacement current and, for higher DC biases, a gradual increase. A physical explanation of the current transient is proposed which accounts for the dependence on applied DC bias. A mathematical model is used to show how a delayed increase in the current leads to a modulation of the capacitance and conductance in the frequency domain, the two being related to each other. This finally allows the comprehension of the observed frequency domain behavior.
Innovation by Dissent: Theorizing the Innovation Strategies of Public-Sector Professionals in the Context of Complex Innovation

ABSTRACTThis article presents a new theory of innovation by dissent to conceptualize the strategies of innovating professionals in the context of nonadministrative complex innovation. It constructs these strategies as three dissent options—exit, voice, and loyalty—that innovating professionals use in relation to their organizations and professions. The resulting matrix of nine possible strategies adds to existing conceptual instruments that address the strategies of innovating professionals. The case of the diffusion of natural childbirthing in Ukraine illustrates the usefulness of the new theory, which expands the organizational dissent literature by offering a more nuanced description of dissent strategies.
Study on New Country Informatization Construction Pattern and Countermeasure

According to the important promotion effect of informatization in the New Country construction,this article analyses current status and existing problems during New Country information construction in China,using the method of comparative analysis,analysing the main contents and characteristics of America,Japan and India which took in the country information costruction patterns,using the experiences of above countries for reference,combining the practical situation of our country's New Country construction,to do innovation research in the New Country contruction pattern,and to explore the "cooperate pattern" of Government instructs,Enterprise acts,Society participates,Market operates and Farmer benefits,and finally putting forward some measures in the way of policy,law,education to speed up the development of new country information construction.
Marketing Strategies Used to Promote Children’s Medicine Sold on Internet Sites of Pharmaceutical Stores

Retail sales of over the counter (OTC) medications have risen steadily over the years; however, these products are not without potential risk. The aim of this study was to describe the marketing strategies used to promote OTC medicines to children and their parents. Data were collected from 187 product packaging of fever reducer, allergy, and cough medicines posted on the Internet sites of three of the largest pharmacies in the United States. Specific marketing information was collected related to flavorings and pictures appearing on the packaging. There was no significant difference between the type of medicine and whether they were flavored or not, as almost every product (95.7 %) indicated that it resembles a food flavoring. On almost all the packaging (92.5 %) the flavor was also indicated by words in different font sizes. Most of the products (83.4 %) showed a picture of a food product on their packaging. There was a significant difference between the medicine types by picture, with fever medicines having more pictures of food than either cough or allergy medicine. Stronger regulations of marketing strategies of these products are needed.
Developing a Section Labeler for Clinical Documents

Natural language processing (NLP) technologies provide an opportunity to extract key patient data from free text documents within the electronic health record (EHR). We are developing a series of components from which to construct NLP pipelines. These pipelines typically begin with a component whose goal is to label sections within medical documents with codes indicating the anticipated semantics of their content. This Clinical Section Labeler prepares the document for further, focused information extraction. Below we describe the evaluation of six algorithms designed for use in a Clinical Section Labeler. These algorithms are trained with N-gram-based feature sets extracted from document sections and the document types. In the evaluation, 6 different Bayesian models were trained and used to assign one of 27 different topics to each section. A tree-augmented Bayesian network using the document type and N-grams derived from section headers proved most accurate in assigning individual sections appropriate section topics.
Alterations in the substrate specificities of tumor-derived methionine adenosyltransferase isozymes

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (Ado-Met), the principal biologic methyl donor and the source of aminopropyl groups in polyamine biosynthesis, participates in numerous biochemical reactions essential to normal cellular growth and function. Talalay and coworkers (Lombardini et al., 1970; Coulter et al., 1974a,b,c; Sufrin et al., 1979) recognized the pharmacologic potential of designing selective inhibitors of the enzymatic synthesis of Ado-Met and carried out extensive studies of the inhibitory properties of a diverse group of structural and conformational analogues of L-methionine. These studies using isofunctional methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) enzyme preparations isolated from yeast, E. coli and rat liver were reviewed by Talalay at the 1974 International Symposium on the Biochemistry of Adenosylmethionine (Chou et al., 1977). Additional studies on L-methionine analogue inhibitors were reported at the 1978 Conference on Transmethylation (Sufrin, 1979).
Effective Properties of Heterogeneous Materials

This chapter discusses the problem of effective properties that were defined and briefly discussed in Chap. 2. While focusing on the current state of knowledge, we start with remarks on the pioneering works that date back to nineteenth century; we refer to Markov [336] for in-detail review of history of the subject.
Genetic variations in chemotherapy drug action pathways modulate therapeutic response in esophageal cancer

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 6167 Elucidating the role of genetic variants in critical drug action pathways may provide informative blueprints for optimizing individualized chemotherapy. In this study, we genotyped 235 patients with resectable adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus or GE junction. Patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery, or induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and then surgery. We determined frequencies of polymorphisms in more than 40 genes in pathways relevant for the activity or disposition of platinum analogs, 5-FU and taxols, including drug metabolism, multidrug resistance, cell uptake, cell cycle checkpoints and apoptotic pathways. We then correlated these genetic markers with clinical outcomes, including complete pathologic response, recurrence and survival. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, we found that in patients treated with 5-FU, the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR) 1298 AC+CC genotypes were associated with significantly improved survival with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.35 - 0.87) as compared to those with the AA genotype. Using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, carriers of the MTHFR 1298 AC+CC genotype exhibited significantly longer survival (median survival of 51.30 months) compared to patients with the AA genotype (median survival of only 25.37 months, p=0.01). When combining the MTHFR (C677T), MTHFR (A1298C), thymidylate synthase(TS) +157, TS +227and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase ( MTR) D919G g enotypes, there was evidence of improved survival as the number of putative protective alleles increased ( P <0.05). For patients treated with platinum analogs, the MDR1 I1144M variant genotype was associated with reduced recurrence rate (HR=0.16, 95% CI: 0.05-0.55) and improved survival (HR=0.32 95% CI: 0.14-0.72), a pattern more evident when we combined the two MDR1 gene polymorphisms ( S892A and I1144M ), (P<0.05). In addition, we found that variant genotypes of the base excision repair gene, XRCC1 (R399Q) , and oxidative damage repair gene, OGG (S326C) , both involved in the radiotherapy response pathway, were associated with reduced complete pathologic response with HRs of 2.54 (1.15-5.64) and 2.21 (1.06-4.60), respectively. Our results support the concept that genetic profiles can be used to predict treatment response and assist in developing tailored chemotherapeutic regimens in esophageal cancer. Supported by NCI grants CA 74880 and CA 91846, and an M.D. Anderson Cancer Center MRP grant for esophageal cancer.
Inter-turn short-circuit fault model for magnetically coupled circuits: A general study

Inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) fault is one of the most typical fault in different types of magnetically coupled circuits such as transformers and rotating or linear electrical machines. This paper presents a general study to approach the ITSC understanding and modeling as long as the circuit can be represented in state-space (SS) equations. The ITSC in any magnetically coupled windings can be accurately modelled by means of step-down autotransformer circuit in the faulty winding. Moreover, considerations about the leakage inductances estimation are studied and generalized. A case of study of ITSC is proposed: three-phase squirrel-cage induction machine. SS representation of the system is presented and simulated in MatLab environment by means of ODE and Simulink. Also, equivalent circuits derived from the SS representation are shown. For verification purposes Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experimental test are conducted. A comparison between the proposed theoretical models, simulations and experimental results is performed.
ISOLATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM INDIGENOUS MONTANA FLORA AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTIVENESS AS A NON-TOXIC STERILIZING REAGENT AGAINST BACTERIA THAT CAUSE FOOD BORNE ILLNESS

Bacterial resistance and the negative effects of chemicals used to kill them have become a growing worldwide public health concern. The widespread use of antibiotics in medicine and animal husbandry have caused bacteria adaptation to antibiotics. New drug discovery has become vital in fighting the war against drug-resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella epidermis, which have posed considerable medical problems. Essential oils are a safe, generally non-toxic and relatively inexpensive alternative to synthetic chemical based antibiotics. Essential oils hydro-distilled from indigenous Montana flora will be explored for their antimicrobial effectiveness as a non-toxic sterilizing reagent against bacteria. We hypothesis that the oils of Lomatium dissectum, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.), Chimaphila umbellate (L.), W. Bart Prunella vulgaris L , Artemisia dracunculus L, Spreng Medicago lupulina L., and Balsamorhiza sagittata will have significant anti-bacterial properties and variability that works to reduce bacterium’s resistance.
The Apprentice, Twitter, and the Summer of Trump

Since Trump’s national celebrity derived in part from his role in the reality-TV series The Apprentice, we need to interrogate this popular TV phenomenon to help explain the Trump phenomenon. The opening theme music “For the Love of Money”, a 1973 R&B song by The O’Jays, established the capitalist ethos of the competition for the winning contestant to get a job with the Trump organization, and obviously money is the key to Trump’s business and celebrity success, although there is much controversy over how rich Trump is, and, so far, he has not released his tax returns to quell rumors that he isn’t as rich as he claims, that he does not contribute as much to charity as he has stated, and that many years he pays little or no taxes.
Critical density gradients for small‐scale plasma irregularity generation in the E and F regions

Electron density gradients that can make plasma unstable in the ionospheric E- and F-regions are analyzed. We focus on critical gradient values required for plasma instability to become operational to produce decameter-scale plasma irregularities observed by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) without any nonlinear wave cascade. Analytic expressions are developed for the critical gradients using a recently developed general formalism for arbitrary geometry and with the ion inertia and stabilizing thermal diffusion effects included. It is demonstrated that the problem can be analyzed using a single equation applicable in both the E- and F-regions that only differs in the sign of the main term related to convection strength. Analytic expressions are obtained and results are presented for (1) critical gradient strength for arbitrary gradient and propagation directions, (2) range of propagation directions with unstable primary waves, (3) most favorable configuration and minimum critical gradient, and (4) most favorable propagation direction for arbitrary gradient direction. It is shown that the most favorable configuration is achieved for propagation along the differential drift and gradient perpendicular to it and that an unexpected exception is the F-region under strong convection when propagation and gradient are both rotated by a certain angle. It is estimated that in the F-region, from which most of the SuperDARN backscatter comes, primary decameter waves can be generated for gradient scales as large as 100 km for favorable orientations and strong plasma convection > 500 m/s and that much smaller scales of 200–1000 m are required for unfavorable orientations.
Scheduling primary care appointments online: Differences in availability based on health insurance

Abstract Background Digital platforms that allow patients to go online or use smartphone applications to view and schedule physician appointments have not been well evaluated. Methods We conducted systematic searches for primary care physician appointments in 20 cities using ZocDoc, an online appointment scheduling platform. Availability was determined for three insurance types (self-pay, Medicare, and Medicaid) in states with and without Medicaid expansion. We collected data on physician characteristics, number of appointments available, and distance to clinics. Results The sample comprised 4150 physician observations across 17 states. Overall, the mean distance to clinic was 8.9 miles (SD: 8.4 miles), mean total number of appointments available within 3 days for the 10 closest physicians was 20.1 (SD: 27.1), and the mean number of physicians available within 5 miles was 5.4 (SD: 6.6). There were no differences in physician characteristics by insurance type. Access to appointments did not differ between Medicare and self-pay. However, compared to self-pay, appointments for Medicaid were further away (Mean difference in miles: 5.4, P Conclusions There were a substantial number of available appointments at close distances. However, Medicaid patients had less access to appointments within proximity than self-pay or Medicare patients.
Over-Signing in College Football: Why Does It Occur?

This study sought to determine what factors influence the decision-making processes of college football coaches when over-signing a recruiting class and/or roster. NCAA Bylaws limit the number of scholarships Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) members can award for their program (85) and annually (25) in recruiting. Over-signing is the term used to describe the practice of college programs signing prospective collegiate athletes to a National Letter of Intent (NLI) that may exceed the maximum number of athletic scholarships permitted by the NCAA, or when a team brings in a recruiting class that pushes the team’s number of players on scholarship past 85. This action results in coaching staffs taking a scholarship away from a returning player or later informing an incoming player he will not be extended a scholarship. Although many sport journalists have written about this issue (Bachman, 2011; Doyel, 2010; Feldman, 2007; Gordon, 2011; Towers, 2011; Whiteside, 2011), it has not yet been examined through an empirical study. Seventeen college football coaches and personnel staff were interviewed for this study. Our findings show that over-signing occurs because it is an accepted practice that can give coaches a competitive advantage, while also compensating for general attrition and indecisive recruits.
Impact response of a low-cost randomly oriented fiber foam core sandwich panel:

Three-dimensional fiber-reinforced foam cores may have improved mechanical properties under specific strain rates and fiber volumes. But its performance as a core in a composite sandwich structure has not been fully investigated. This study explored different manufacturing techniques for the three-dimensional fiber-reinforced foam core using existing literature as a guideline to provide a proof of concept for a low-cost and easily repeatable method comprised of readily available materials. The mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced foam were determined using a three-point bend test and compared to unreinforced polyurethane foam. The foam was then used in a sandwich panel and subjected to dynamic loading by means of a gas gun (103 s−1). High-strain impact tests validated previously published studies by showing, qualitatively and quantitatively, an 18–20% reduction in the maximum force experienced by the fiber-reinforced core and its ability to dissipate the impact force in the foam core sandwich pan...
Learning from Teaching Teachers: A Lesson Experiment in Area and Volume with Prospective Teachers.

Learning from the practice of teaching teachers is a promising approach for mathematics teacher educators to attain the extensive knowledge and abilities needed for their roles. As mathematics teacher educators ourselves striving to develop across our professional lifespans, we used one such approach, known as a lesson experiment, to investigate how our instruction affected prospective elementary teachers' conceptual understandings of area and volume. Classroom evidence included audio recordings of ten prospective teachers’ work on lesson activities as well as written work on three post-assessments. Our analysis for the lesson experiment consisted of two phases, first determining to what extent the learning goals were achieved and then evaluating our hypotheses and instruction for how they supported or hindered the learning goals. Findings revealed the prospective teachers enhanced their understandings of area and volume, yet some unexpected complexities in their thinking arose. The lesson experiment led to instructional recommendations for improving the lesson and enhanced our knowledge as mathematics teacher educators. Implications include the value of lesson experiments as a reflective process to help mathematics teacher educators develop over time as well as practical advice for helping prospective teachers enhance their understandings of area and volume.
Chronic Juvenile Offenders: Exploring Risk Factor Models of Recidivism

This study examined the relationship between known risk factors for youthful offenders and rates of recidivism using Poisson regression models. The sample consisted of 564 male and female juvenile ...
Picture (im)perfect: Illusions of recognition memory produced by photographs at test

Photographs have been found to affect a variety of psychological judgments. For example, nonprobative but semantically related photographs may increase beliefs in the truth of general knowledge statements (Newman, Garry, Bernstein, Kantner, & Lindsay, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19(5), 969-974, 2012; Newman et al., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41(5), 1337-1348, 2015). Photographs can also create illusions of memory (Cardwell, Henkel, Garry, Newman, & Foster, Memory & Cognition, 44(6), 883-896, 2016; Henkel, Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25(1), 78-86, 2011; Henkel & Carbuto, 2008). A candidate mechanism for these effects is that a photograph increases the fluency with which a statement or an event is processed. The present study was conducted to determine whether photos at test can induce illusions of recognition memory and to test the viability of a conceptual fluency explanation of these effects. The results of the present study suggest that photographs enhance the fluency of related words (Experiment 1), that false memories can be produced by the mere presence of a related photo on a recognition memory test for words (Experiments 2 & 3), and that these effects appear to be limited to conceptually based recognition tests (Experiments 4 & 5). The results support the notion that photograph-based illusions of memory stem from the ability of related photographs to increase the speed and ease of conceptual processing.
Molecular Modeling of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Melts and Poly(Ethylene Oxide)-Based Polymer Electrolytes

Property structure relationships in materials can be studied by a number of computational approaches such as ab initio quantum chemistry calculations, ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, classical MD and Monte-Carlo simulations, finite element modelling, etc. A choice of the computational method depends on the time and length scales and computational resources available. At the current stage of method and hardware development, ab initio quantum chemistry calculations are best suited for studying energy-structure relationships in relatively small systems consisting of tens of atoms. Ab initio MD simulations allow one to study dynamics of systems on a picosecond time scale for systems consisting of hundreds of atoms. Energy and forces in ab initio MD simulations are obtained from solving the electronic structure problem “on the fly”. Parameterization of the energy a system as a function of the relative atom positions, e. g., development of a classical force field, significantly speeds up calculations of the energies and forces in MD simulations, positioning classical MD simulations as the most suitable tool to obtain properties of the systems containing 10-10 atoms on the time scales from 10 to 10 s. However, the value of the property predictions using classical MD simulations is limited to the accuracy of the force field used, making a consistent derivation of a high quality classical force fields central to accurate prediction of the property-structure relationship from MD simulations.
Foster Children and ADHD: Anger, Violence, and Institutional Power

This paper explores the ways in which foster children and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) intersect as social and medical categories. Through the method of interpretive biography based on the official case file, this paper shows how the experiences of violence and ADHD become linked in the child's life through the emotion of anger. In this way, it is possible to see how the power dynamics of the medical, educational and welfare systems lock the diagnosis with its embedded meanings into the child's life. It is also possible to see how counter forces like a caring foster family can challenge medical and welfare authorities.
Viral and cellular determinants of equine infectious anemia virus replication in primary equine macrophage cultures in vitro

52 Introduction 53 Materials and Methods 55 Animals and cells 55 Activation and infection of HMC 56 Virus replication 56 TNF-a bioassay 57 Isolation and amplification of proviral DNA 58 Isolation and amplification of viral mRNA species 59 Results 60 Dose-dependent relationship of endotoxin treatment and EIAV replication 60 Effects of endotoxin treatment on EIAV reverse transcription 61 Detection of EIAV mRNA transcripts from HMC 62 Effects of macrophage activation on the production of EIAV mRNAs 65 Discussion 68 Acknowledgements 73 Literature Cited 73 GENERAL CONCLUSION 91 ADDITIONAL LITERATURE CITED 93 APPENDIX A. DEVELOPMENT OF AN EQUINE MACROPHAGE CELL LINE 102 APPENDIX B. IMPORTANCE OF HOST CELL SPECIFICITY IN EIAV TRANSCRIPTION ...105
Systemic Risk in Networked Services over Time: Implications for Governance

Government increasingly relies on complex arrangements of contracted providers to implement public policy but does not consider the possibility of systemic risk- the risk the contract system will collapse. Most public management research on contract management focuses on dyadic interactions between funders and contractors while interorganizational network scholarship overlooks the potential for network failure. This study examines systemic risk in complex, networked services funded by government and produced by a mix of public, nonprofit, and for-profit actors. I employ affiliation network methods to understand network level systemic risk and to develop an index ranking the importance of individual actors in maintaining system stability. The empirical context for this study is state funded juvenile justice services over a five year period. Findings indicate that though the state has a well-designed contract management system, it does not consider systemic risk when awarding individual contracts. Over time...
Quantification and Initial Absolutives

This chapter is last because it provides support of a particularly interesting kind for two of the central assumptions of this book: the assumption that ditransitive clauses involve 32A, and the assumption that the representation of coreference crucially involves overlapping arcs.
Pricing and Public Policy: A Research Agenda and an Overview of the Special Issue:

The core element of a free-market economy is price competition. When firms engage in pricing behaviors such as price collusion, price fixing, deceptive price advertising, predatory pricing, resale ...
Optophysiology and calorimetry based on quantitative phase imaging (Conference Presentation)

Nanometer-scale movements of the cell membrane associated with changes in cell potential can reveal the underlying electrical activity. Using wide-field quantitative phase imaging, we observed deformations of up to 3 nm (0.9 mrad) during the action potential in spiking HEK cells, and about 0.3 nm in neurons. The time course of the optically-recorded action potential is similar to intracellular recordings based on patch clamp, while time derivative of the rising edge of the optical spike matches the timing and duration of the extracellular electrical recording. Sufficiently fast QPI may enable non-invasive and label-free monitoring of cellular physiology. Imaging of the optical phase changes induced by transient heating provides a sensitive measure of material properties associated with refractive index dependence on temperature and thermal expansion. Using fast (50 kHz) QPI, we demonstrate the shot-noise limited sensitivity of about 3.4 mJ/cm2 in a single pulse. Phase-resolved OCT can detect energy deposition of 4.7 mJ/cm2 between two scattering interfaces producing signals with about 45 dB SNR. Integration of the phase changes along the beam path helps increase temperature sensitivity during perturbation. For example, temperature rise of about 0.8 C can be detected in a single cell layer, while hundred times lower heating produces the same phase change in 100-fold thicker tissue layer. Time course of thermal relaxation in QPI can reveal the size and shape of the hidden objects. Methods based on fast phase imaging may enable multiple applications, ranging from temperature control in retinal laser therapy to subsurface characterization of semiconductor devices.
Wisdom of the Goddess: Uncovering the Provenance of a Twelfth-Century Indian Sculpture at the National Gallery of Australia:

The history of Prajnaparamita, Goddess of Wisdom, a twelfth-century Indian Buddhist sculpture in the National Gallery of Australia collection, has been researched and evaluated through a dedicated Asian Art Provenance Project. This article describes how the sculpture was traced from twelfth-century Odisha, India, to museums in Depression-era Brooklyn and Philadelphia, through dealers and private collectors Earl and Irene Morse, to Canberra, Australia, where it has been since 1990. Frieda Hauswirth Das (1886–1974), previously obscured from art-collecting records, is revealed as the private collector who purchased the sculpture in India in around 1930. Incidental discoveries are then documented, extending the published provenance of objects in museum collections in the United States and Europe. Finally, consideration is given to the sculpture’s changing legal and ethical position, and the collecting rationales of its various collectors. The case study illustrates the contributions provenance research can ma...
E-041 Aneurysm Remodeling Following Flow Diversion Mitigates Risk of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background Flow diversion has revolutionized treatment of wide-neck aneurysms in the past decade. While the ideal aim of flow diversion is complete elimination of aneurysm filling, with parent vessel reconstruction, some cases result in incomplete occlusion, especially those involving a branch emerging from the aneurysmal sac. The rupture risk of such aneurysms is unknown. We followed patients with pipeline reconstruction but incomplete aneurysmal occlusion, to evaluate long-term subarachnoid hemorrhage risk. Methodology All patients who were treated at Westchester Medical Center between 2012–18, undergoing elective placement of the Pipeline Flex flow diverter, with at least 1 follow up angiogram 6 months after the device placement, were screened. Patients with incomplete occlusion of the aneurysm in the follow up angiogram were included in this series. All patients were followed until Feb 2019 for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Demographic data and aneurysmal characteristics were derived from chart review. Angiographic remodeling without occlusion was defined as continued aneurysm filling in the neck, reduced or unchanged compared to control angiography, 6+ months after initial treatment. In patients with multiple angiograms, the last angiogram showing persistent aneurysmal filling was used. Results A total of 225 patients treated with pipeline flex flow diversion from January 2012-December 2018 were screened. 30 aneurysms with incomplete occlusion on follow up angiography were included in this series. Mean age was 60 years (29–76 years), with a male to female ratio of 1:3. The majority (21/30) of the aneurysms with incomplete occlusion were adjacent to an emerging vessel, of which 7 were para-ophthalmic, 6 Pcom, 3 MCA, and 5 PICA. The remaining 9 aneurysms were without emerging branches and included 6 supraclinoid ICA and 3 intradural cavernous ICA aneurysms. The mean size of the aneurysm before pipeline embolization was 7.8 mm (range 2–18 mm). All aneurysms adjacent to an emerging vessel were classified as Raymond class 5. All aneurysms showed a decrease in size following flow diversion, with a mean residual of 2.3 mm (1–11 mm). Incomplete occlusion was seen on the angiogram at a mean of 13 months (6–30 months). Zero cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage were noted, during a mean follow up of 33 months (8–87 months). Conclusion The use of Pipeline flow diversion to treat cerebral aneurysms significantly reduces subsequent risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage, even in cases of incomplete aneurysm occlusion. In our series, the long-term risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in remodeled but uncured aneurysms was zero percent. This group of aneurysms typically, although not exclusively, involves a locally emerging branch vessel with continued vascular demand. While the goal of Pipeline treatment is to cure the aneurysm, we propose that the process of remodeling following flow diversion appears to confer protection in aneurysms with continued filling. Disclosures G. Kaur: None. J. Cooper: None. F. Al-Mufti: None. C. Gandhi: None. J. Santarelli: None.
Changes in Smoke-Taint Volatile-Phenol Glycosides in Wildfire Smoke-Exposed Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes throughout Winemaking

When grapes are exposed to wildfire smoke, several smoke-related aroma compounds can be transferred to the berries and become glycosylated. Although the compounds do not contribute to grape aroma in the glycosylated form, the free volatile phenols can be released throughout winemaking and wine aging to produce undesirable “smoke tainted” wines. Measurement of the intact glycosides provides insight on the potential flavor of a wine and provides information on the effect of winemaking practices on release of volatile aroma compounds from glycosidic precursors. Smoke taint-associated volatile-phenol glycosides in Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries were tentatively identified and semi-quantitated using a comprehensive database coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and accurate-mass time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Eight trisaccharide volatile-phenol glycosides were tentatively identified for the first time in grapes. The method developed here was applied to monitor changes associated with smoke exposure in 31 volatile-phenol glycosides during winemaking. The most hydrolytic time period during the winemaking process was the first half of fermentation with Saccharomyces yeast (EC-1118), after which there was little effect on the phenolic glycosidic profile of fermenting wines. This is the first report to monitor changes of these 31 phenolic glycosides during winemaking using direct measurement of the glycosides. The information can be used to improve knowledge of the changes in smoke-taint glycosides and release of phenolic compounds that affect sensory properties of smoke-affected grapes and wines.
Diffusion/Contagion Processes on Social Networks:

This study models how new ideas, practices, or diseases spread within and between communities, the diffusion of innovations or contagion. Several factors affect diffusion such as the characteristics of the initial adopters, the seeds; the structure of the network over which diffusion occurs; and the shape of the threshold distribution, which is the proportion of prior adopting peers needed for the focal individual to adopt. In this study, seven seeding conditions are modeled: (1) three opinion leadership indicators, (2) two bridging measures, (3) marginally positioned seeds, and (4) randomly selected seeds for comparison. Three network structures are modeled: (1) random, (2) small-world, and (3) scale-free. Four threshold distributions are modeled: (1) normal; (2) uniform; (3) beta 7,14; and (4) beta 1,2; all of which have a mean threshold of 33%, with different variances. The results show that seeding with nodes high on in-degree centrality and/or inverse constraint has faster and more widespread diffusion. Random networks had faster and higher prevalence of diffusion than scale-free ones, but not different from small-world ones. Compared with the normal threshold distribution, the uniform one had faster diffusion and the beta 7,14 distribution had slower diffusion. Most significantly, the threshold distribution standard deviation was associated with rate and prevalence such that higher threshold standard deviations accelerated diffusion and increased prevalence. These results underscore factors that health educators and public health advocates should consider when developing interventions or trying to understand the potential for behavior change.
High pressure melt curve of iron from atom-in-jellium calculations

This paper describes a generalized Lindemann criterion for melting, based on oscillations of the nucleus from atom-in-jellium calculations of electronic structure. It enables for an efficient extrapolation of melting curves to high pressures, without molecular dynamics simulations. The authors apply this result to exoplanet cores and explore the onset of magnetic fields in these
Paths to Effective CO2 Utilization: A Roadmap for Several Options

CO2 utilization (CO2U) is a hotly debated option for improving carbon dioxide management. Proponents have anointed it as a future money-making option to pay for carbon capture, while opponents have denounced it as smoke and mirrors without potential to achieve real carbon reductions. Rather than evaluate current options per se, we evaluated the research agenda that would be useful in improving CO2U options to the point that they are, in fact, useful for actual carbon reduction. We chose to evaluate two important but very different pathways: Concrete and carbonate materials: This case looks at CO2U pathways with large market potential and helpful thermodynamics (little energy is needed to make these products). The market value of the products is relatively low. Given technical and market readiness, this represents an opportunity for near-term deployment (3-10 years). Commodity chemicals: This case looks at CO2U pathways with modest markets and CO2 volumes. In some cases, the technology is fairly mature; less so in others. In most cases, substantial energy inputs are required. However, the value of some of these intermediates is quite high. These chemicals are anticipated as feedstocks for long-lived products (e.g. polymers). Given technical and market readiness, this represents an opportunity for near- to medium-term deployment (5-20 years). We conclude that while the case for the benefits of CO2U is far from complete, nations and industries that are interested in pursuing the issue have a common set of activities that will improve the odds of success.
Abstract P171: A Longitudinal Study Of Maternal Thyroid Hormone Trajectories And Neonatal Anthropometric Measures

Introduction: Maternal thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for fetal growth and development. While prior studies have examined associations of TH with birthweight (BW), data on other neonatal anthr...
Case Study Analysis-Ghost Students & Plagiarism

Community colleges across the country are experiencing exponential growth in online learning and academic integrity and quality is a topic of interest for major stakeholders including administrators and faculty. Research suggests that approximately 7.1 million students are enrolled in online courses and academic dishonesty is increasing, yet outpacing face-to-face courses.
Abstract LB046: Evaluation of TP53 mutations in Pap test and blood DNA as novel biomarkers of ovarian cancer risk

Objective: The use of Pap tests as a molecular diagnostic for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is a promising concept, but studies to detect tumor DNA report limited sensitivity. “Cancer-like” somatic mutations from clonal expansions in non-neoplastic tissue can be detected in Pap tests and blood, and could potentially be utilized for cancer risk-assessment. We aimed to determine whether TP53 somatic mutations in blood and Pap test DNA are associated with HGSC or with inherited ovarian cancer susceptibility. Methods: Peripheral blood and Pap samples were collected from 26 women with HGSC and 35 women without cancer, all of whom underwent gynecologic surgery at a single academic institution. Blood samples alone were available for an additional four women as part of an ongoing study. DNA was extracted from the blood buffy coat layer and Pap samples. The coding region of TP53 was deeply sequenced (mean depth ~3800x) using duplex sequencing, an ultra-accurate error-correction sequencing approach. Mutations frequently found in the UMD TP53 Cancer Database were termed “cancer-like”. Mutation frequencies (total coding mutations divided by nucleotides sequenced, MF) were compared between groups using t-tests. Age-related trends were explored with fitted linear regression models. Results: 572 coding-region TP53 mutations were identified in DNA from Pap tests from 26 women with HGSC (300 mutations) and 35 women without cancer (272 mutations). 287 mutations were identified in the DNA from blood from 29 women with HGSC (161 mutations) and 36 without cancer (226 mutations). DNA from Pap tests demonstrated a higher MF in patients with HGSC than those without cancer (2.5x10-6 vs. 1.6x10-6, p=0.03). Cancer-like MF was also significantly higher in patients with HGSC (8.8x10-7 vs. 5.0x10-7, p=0.01). There were no significant differences in MF amongst cases without cancer with or without germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Cancer-like mutations increased with age in Pap test samples from women without cancer (p Citation Format: Talayeh Ghezelayagh, Jeanne Fredrickson, Jeffrey D. Krimmel-Morrison, Brendan Kohrn, Marc R. Radke, Enna Manhardt, Barbara S. Norquist, Elizabeth M. Swisher, Rosa Ana Risques. Evaluation of TP53 mutations in Pap test and blood DNA as novel biomarkers of ovarian cancer risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB046.
Spontaneous Arterial Lesions in Normal Pigs and Pigs with Von Willebrand’s Disease

To evaluate how significant is the role played by platelets in the initiation of atherosclerosis we thought that a good deal of information might be obtained by investigating whether experimental animals known to have an impairment in platelet function are less prone to the development of atherosclerosis than normal control animals.