cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SESAME OIL AS A VEHICLE FOR FAT SOLUBLE HORMONES1

ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE indicates that sesame oil, often used as a vehicle for fat soluble hormones, is not an inert substance. Pollia (1) found that sar - comatous rats exhibited serious injury to visceral organs after intraperitoneal injections of sesame oil. Spurr and Kochakian (2) reported that this oil decreased the survival time of adrenalectomizsed rats by an average of 1.6 days. Tobin (3) and Bruce and Tobin (4), on the other hand, found that while sesame oil was toxic to normal rats itprolonged the survival time of adrenalectomiged rats. Clauson(5) re ported that this oil would cause a decrease in the size of the thymus glands of adult male rats and Stein and Allen (6) found that it increased the number of mitoses in the germinal epithelium of the mouse ovary. From these reports it seems clear that sesame oil is not always physiologically inactive and that it may act either as a stimulator or as an inhibitor dependingupon the conditions of the experiment.
Micronized Fenofibrate: A New Fibric Acid Hypolipidemic Agent

OBJECTIVE:To review the efficacy and safety of fenofibrate in the management of hyperlipidemias.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search (1974–October 1998), Current Contents search, additional references from article bibliographies, and the package insert from the manufacturer were used to identify data for evaluation. Studies evaluating fenofibrate (peer-reviewed publications, package insert data) were considered for inclusion. Abstracts and data on file with the manufacturer were not considered for inclusion.STUDY SELECTION:English-language literature was reviewed to evaluate the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical use, and tolerability of fenofibrate. Data from animals and in vitro systems were included only when necessary to explain the drug's pharmacology.DATA SYNTHESIS:Micronized fenofibrate is a fibric acid derivative approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in February 1998 for the treatment of types IV and V hyperlipidemia. Data from the peer-reviewed literature also support the use of fenof...
A novel hybrid solution for load commutated inverter-fed induction motor drives

A novel, hybrid solution employing a combination of a load-commutated inverter and a voltage-source inverter is proposed for the induction motor drives. By avoiding the use of output capacitors and a forced DC-commutation circuit, this solution can eliminate all disadvantages related with these circuits in the conventional load commutated inverter based induction motor drives. In addition, improved quality of output current waveforms and faster dynamic response can be achieved. The proposed hybrid scheme features the following tasks: (1) the safe commutation angle for the load commutated inverter, controlled by the voltage source inverter in all speed region of the induction motor and (2) a DC-link current control loop to ensure minimum voltage source inverter rating. Advantages of the proposed solution over the conventional load commutated inverter based induction motor include the followings: (1) sinusoidal motor phase current and voltage based on the instantaneous motor speed control; (2) fast dynamic response by the voltage source inverter operation; (3) elimination of motor circuit resonance and motor torque pulsation. The feasibility of the proposed hybrid circuit for the high power drive system is verified by computer simulation for a 500 hp induction motor. Experimental results are also under way in our laboratory to show the validity of the proposed technique.
Using a Curvilinear Grid to Construct Symmetry-Preserving Discretizations for Lagrangian Gas Dynamics

The goal of this paper is to construct discretizations for the equations of Lagrangian gas dynamics that preserve plane, cylindrical, and spherical symmetry in the solution of the original differential equations. The new method uses a curvilinear grid that is reconstructed from a given logically rectangular distribution of nodes. The sides of the cells of the reconstructed grid can be segments of straight lines or arcs of local circles. Our procedure is exact for straight lines and circles; that is, it reproduces rectangular and polar grids exactly. We use the method of support operators to construct a conservative finite-difference method that we demonstrate will preserve spatial symmetries for certain choices of the initial grid. We also introduce a “curvilinear” version of artificial edge viscosity that also preserves symmetry. We present numerical examples to demonstrate our theoretical considerations and the robustness of the new method.
A detector for cosmic-ray nuclei at very high energies

Abstract We discuss the design and performance of a detector system that was developed to measure the elemental abundance distribution of cosmic-ray nuclei with energies up to several TeV/amu. The low flux of high-energy cosmic rays requires an instrument with large geometric factor, but of reasonably low weight to be carried on the Space Shuttle. To meet these conditions we designed a counter telescope with gas Cherenkov counters and transition radiation detectors for particle energy measurements. Scintillation counters determine the particle's atomic number. We describe design and performance of these individual detectors and their interplay in the instrument. The instrument was flown for eight days in the Spacelab-2 configuration on the Space Shuttle in July/August 1985.
Ponderal index and height.

The Ponderal Index is generally treated, on theoretical grounds, as if it were independent of height. Associations between values of the index and height have been reported at least twice, however, and, substantiating these reports, highly significant, nearly linear, positive regressions of values of the index on height are now found among Princeton freshmen. Routinely collected data on 801 entering students were separated into three age groups: less than 18, 18 and more than 18 years. The correlations between Ponderal Index and height were 0.32, 0.32 and 0.45 in these age groups respectively. The findings suggest that, for studies which involve gauging linearity of physique, the parameters describing the relationship between Ponderal Index and height be estimated on the basis of appropriate data if the Index is to be employed, or that some technique more suited to the purpose than the Ponderal Index be devised.
Characterization of T-Even Bacteriophage Substructures II. Tail Plates

Abstract Tail plates obtained from T4D amber mutants were examined with respect to sedimentation behavior, subunit molecular weights, amino acid composition, isoelectric points, and morphology. Intact plates had an S20,w of 77S from pH 5 to 9. The only conformational change noted was that below pH 5 tail plates readily dimerized yielding vis-a-vis dimers with an S20,w of 124S. Dissociated plates consisted of three major proteins with molecular weights of 53 K ± 5, 31 K ± 3, and 17 K ± 2 daltons. The amino acid analyses indicated that plates had a composition distinct from fibers and tubes and were relatively rich in tryptophan. Degradation studies with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) indicated that tail plates had a unique biological structure. After treatment with DMSO, and to some extent without DMSO, or from lysates of defective mutants, tetrad structures were observed in the electron microscope. These structures had an amino acid content and relative amounts of types of subunits similar but not identical to intact plates. It was proposed that plates were composed of nine such tetrads giving rise to a structure with six- and threefold symmetry.
Fine-tuning metabolism--how products of contraction regulate skeletal muscle adaptation.

BY DEFINITION, metabolism describes the sum of all reactions within the body that release chemical energy from substrate stores to power cellular activity (3). The most prevalent of these reactions in skeletal muscle is the catabolism of dietary lipid, carbohydrate, or protein stores to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to support organ and musculoskeletal function. Following the pioneering research by a collection of preeminent physiologists during the early/mid-20th century, we have a detailed understanding of the enzymes and chemical reactions that facilitate the breakdown and utilization of substrate stores (6 –9, 11). As appropriate for such an integrated system, cellular metabolism is tightly regulated, with a number of posttranslational modifications providing feedback and feedforward mechanisms, allowing switching from lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid stores depending on the level of cellular demand. With the emergence of molecular physiology (a synergy among classical physiology, biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology) research in the past decade has established that, in addition to acting as substrates, metabolic intermediates also function as adaptive signals in skeletal muscle. These cellular signals now appear to be pivotal in mediating the adaptive response to exercise above and beyond their role in the disposal of substrates in both the fasted and postabsorptive states. From a mechanistic perspective, it is logical that products of contraction feedback to 1) regulate their production, 2) affect their utilization, and 3) initiate changes in substrate selection. In light of this newfound appreciation of contractionderived intermediates, we are pleased to introduce this highlighted review series, titled “Intracellular Signals for Skeletal Muscle Adaptation”. The aim of this series, three reviews in each of the next three months in this Journal, is to provide a current viewpoint as to how metabolic intermediates may mediate adaptation in skeletal muscle. In this issue, Watt and Hoy (16) discuss the role of lipids in metabolic regulation and how lipids trigger transcriptional signals that both promote and suppress skeletal muscle function. Following a similar theme, Dodd and Tee (4) highlight the importance of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function. Placing a particular focus on leucine, Dodd and Tee discuss the molecular sensing of leucine in skeletal muscle and suggest reasons why leucine, above other BCAAs appears to function as such a potent stimulus. Finally, we (13) discuss the role that glycogen plays in regulating adaptation to muscle contraction. Specifically, our review focuses on the cellular processes that glycogen directly and indirectly regulates in skeletal muscle. The emergence of cellular glycogen sensors and the observation that reducing glycogen content has profound effects on a number of metabolic processes means that this substrate store will continue to be a focal point of research in skeletal muscle
Severe ventilatory compromise due to gastric distention during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation

We describe a child in cardiac arrest with severe ventilatory compromise due to gastric distention. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), positive pressure ventilation may lead to gastric insufflation because of decreased pulmonary compliance and decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone. Essentially, gas delivered will follow the path of least resistance, which may be to the stomach. In our patient, gastric distention precluded effective ventilation and gastric decompression relieved ventilatory compromise. The values and pitfalls of clinical evaluation and capnography are presented.
Endothelial progenitor cells and cardiovascular cell-based therapies

Since their initial discovery more than a decade ago, bone marrow (BM)-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have been reported to play a role in postnatal vasculogenesis through vessel regeneration and remodeling. These cells have been reported to mobilize into the blood stream in response to vascular injury, and differentiate into cells expressing a host of endothelial cell (EC) markers in vitro. Because of demonstrable regenerative capacity in animal models of human disease, EPC are thought to represent a novel treatment option for problematic cardiovascular conditions such as myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Various studies have been performed to test the clinical efficacy of EPC in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including the mobilization of EPC with pharmacologic agents in patients with heart disease, and harvesting of cells from the circulation and BM for autologous reinfusion in affected patients. The outcomes of these trials have been mixed and not as robust as predicted from the animal models, partly because of the variation in the definition of human EPC and the resulting heterogeneity in cell populations used in the treatments. This review will decipher a number of published studies that have been conducted to examine cell therapies for treatment of CVD, will attempt to explain why efficacy of treatment with putative EPC has been inconsistent, and predict which aspects of these trials may need to be redesigned for future successful treatment of CVD.
A 10‐year prospective clinical and radiographic study of one‐stage dental implants

Objective: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate one-stage dental implants clinically and radiographically after 10 years in function. Material and methods: Twenty-five patients with a total of 68 implants [46 hollow screws (HS) and 22 hollow cylinders (HC)] who previously participated in 5-year prospective clinical study returned for a 10-year follow-up. For each patient, informed consent was obtained, medical and dental history was reviewed and soft and hard tissue conditions were evaluated using the modified plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, suppuration, attachment level, distance from the implant crown margin to the coronal border of the peri-implant mucosa keratinized mucosa and periapical radiographs to calculate crestal bone-level changes. Results: As expected, the mean crestal bone-level changes were the greatest in the first year following restoration placement, while only minimal changes were noticed in the subsequent years. HC implants showed a statistically significant higher mean crestal bone loss when compared with HS implants at year 10. Gender was also statistically significantly related to the mean crestal bone loss at years 1, 3, 5 and 10, with male subjects exhibiting more bone loss than female subjects. However, age and peri-implant soft tissue parameters showed low levels of correlation with the mean crestal bone-level changes, and proved to be weak predictors for the mean crestal bone loss at years 5 and 10. Conclusions: This study confirms that the mean crestal bone loss rates of the HS and HC implants are well within the clinically acceptable parameters. In addition, some of the clinical parameters could be used to assess and predict future crestal bone loss.
Providing Physical Activity for Students with Intellectual Disabilities

(2010). Providing Physical Activity for Students with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 81, No. 5, pp. 23-28.
The Cuban Communist Party at the Cusp of Change

The Cuban Communist Party (PCC) stands at the center of economic, political and social change in Cuba. An extraordinarily conservative institution in its doctrinal development, the PCC has had to begin to move beyond the certainties of what appeared to be climax ideology after 2011. That process will accelerate as Cuba seeks to embed itself into global economic, social and political systems. This chapter briefly considers the issues facing the PCC as it seeks to emerge as an autonomous institutional force, free of the control of its creators and the personal power of those revolutionary leaders who conflation of party and personality deeply affected the character and development of the PCC through its first half century. Section II examines the history of the PCC in the context of its current challenges. Section III then considers the application of ideology to political construction of the Party-State apparatus. The heart of the chapter, Section IV, then considers the current state of PCC approaches to the challenges that face the Party-State apparatus if it is to retain its legitimacy and viability in the current stage of development into which Cuba will be thrust in the next decade. It focuses on some of the potential changes that may figure in the years to come. The context are the potentially profound changes to Cuba’s institutional structures and approaches to economic regulation t be considered in the 7th PCC Congress. The chapter suggests that the movement toward reform since the 6th PCC Congress suggests that Cuban elites may be willing to undertake the same approach to reform and opening up as their Eastern European and Soviet predecessors — a reluctance to move away from central planning as the core of economic policy and a willingness to engage in political reform that do not disturb the effective control of the PCC, but which also carry a substantial risk of revolutionary potential.
Stacking Layers by Renormalized Forward Scattering (RFS) Perturbation

We assume that the diffraction matrices of the layers (or even slabs) composing the surface have been obtained by any of the methods of Chap. 5–8. The Renormalized Forward Scattering (RFS) perturbation method [15] follows the principle that transmission through any layer should not be described by unperturbed plane waves, but rather by plane waves modified for forward scattering through that layer together with all other plane waves transmitted with various scattering angles. It is the reflection by any layer that is considered to be weak and the perturbation is therefore based on an expansion of the total reflectivity of the surface in terms of the number of reflections: the lowest order contains all paths that have been reflected only once, but transmitted any number of times; the next order contains only triple-reflection paths (odd numbers of reflections are needed to bring electrons back out of the surface), and so on.
A simulation model of home improvement with neighborhood spillover

Abstract This paper develops a simulation model of home improvement with neighborhood spillover. The goal is to explore how the household decisions between home improvement and moving shape urban land development and housing markets, and the role of neighborhood spillover. The model is implemented based on a monocentric city framework. The existence of neighborhood spillover effects slows down the pace of urban land development, while it also significantly increases average household duration of residence and amount of home improvement investment. In practice, the neighborhood spillover effects can be considered as a form of social capital which connects homeownership and neighborhood quality. Based on the simulation results and sensitivity analysis of key policy relevant parameters (social interaction strength, neighborhood size, transportation cost), the paper further explores implications for public policymaking related to transportation, housing markets, and land use. The dynamic simulation tool developed in this paper can also be found useful in other land use, urban and regional modeling.
Modification of low density lipoproteins by polymorphonuclear cell elastase leads to enhanced uptake by human monocyte-derived macrophages via the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway.

In previous studies we reported that polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) elastase cleaves apoB-100 of human plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) into seven or eight large Mr fragments (1, Polacek, D., R.E. Byrne, G.M. Fless, and A.M. Scanu. 1986. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 2057-2063). In the present studies we examined the interaction of native and elastase-digested LDL (ED-LDL) with primary cultures of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMD-M). For this purpose LDL was digested with purified PMN elastase, re-isolated by ultracentrifugation at d 1.063 g/ml to remove the enzyme, and radiolabeled with 125I. At all LDL concentrations in the medium, the degradation of 125I-labeled ED-LDL was 1.5- to 2.5-fold greater than that of 125I-labeled native LDL, and for both lipoproteins species it was further enhanced by prior incubation of the cells in autologous lipoprotein-deficient serum (ALPDS). ED-LDL incubated with HMD-M in a medium containing [14C]oleate stimulated cholesteryl [14C]oleate formation 2- to 3-fold more than native LDL. In competitive degradation experiments, unlabeled ED-LDL did not inhibit the degradation of 125I-labeled acetylated LDL, whereas it caused a 90% inhibition of the degradation of 125I-labeled native LDL. At 4 degrees C, the binding of both 125I-labeled native and 125I-labeled ED-LDL was specific and of a high affinity. At saturation (Bmax), the binding of 125I-labeled ED-LDL was 2-fold higher (68 ng/mg cell protein) than that of 125I-labeled native LDL (31 ng/mg), with Kd values of 6.5 x 10(-8) M and 2.1 x 10(-8) M, respectively. A possible explanation of the binding data was provided by electrophoretic analyses suggesting that ED-LDL was twice the size of native LDL and thus potentially capable of delivering proportionately more cholesterol to the cells. Taken together, the results indicate that 1) digestion of LDL by purified PMN elastase results in a greater mass of ED-LDL (relative to native LDL) being degraded per unit time by HMD-M; 2) uptake of ED-LDL occurs via the LDL receptor; and 3) LDL digested by PMN elastase undergoes a physical change that may be responsible for its unique interactions with HMD-M. We speculate that if this process were to occur in vivo during an inflammatory process, macrophages could acquire excess cholesterol and be transformed into foam cells which are considered to be precursors of the atherosclerotic process.
On the deformation and failure of Al 6061-T6 at low triaxiality evaluated through in situ microscopy

We investigate deformation and failure of Al 6061-T6 at low triaxiality conditions through in situ scanning electron microscopy. The global behavior of the specimen, as well as the local deformations of the matrix material, second phase particles, and preexisting voids, are observed with a combination of high temporal/low spatial resolution images and low temporal/high spatial resolution images. It is found that the matrix dominates the deformation response, with the second phase particles and voids imparting little influence on the deformation. Tracking of second phase particles is used to determine the local strain fields averaged over a suitable gage length and to correlate to the macroscopic behavior.
Management of a vesicovaginal fistula using holmium laser ablation

The objective was to demonstrate a surgical technique for the management of a small vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) involving a combination of cystoscopic holmium laser ablation and vaginal repair. A 55-year-old morbidly obese female presented with complaints of menometrorrhagia and complex adnexal mass. She underwent an attempted robotic hysterectomy, which was converted to open hysterectomy, omentectomy, and lymphadenectomy owing to an intraoperative diagnosis of endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium and dense pelvic adhesions. Postoperatively, the patient developed intermittent urinary leakage associated with position change. On evaluation, a speculum examination did not reveal any fistulous tract or leakage of fluid in the vagina. A tampon test was positive, but no evidence of a fistula was noted on a CT urogram. Cystourethroscopy was performed and identified a small VVF. The patient subsequently underwent repair of her VVF using a combination of cystoscopic holmium laser ablation and transvaginal excision of the suspected fistula opening. About 2 weeks after the surgery, a tampon test was negative and cystourethroscopy revealed healing bladder mucosa. The patient remains fistula-free at 12 months post-operatively. Holmium laser ablation combined with partial vaginal excision may be considered as a management option for a small VVF.
Stephen Crane's Metaphor of Decorum

To the girl who wanted a “man of fashion” Stephen Crane proclaimed himself “a savage,” “docile … only under great social pressure,” “by inclination a wild shaggy barbarian.” At the same time, however, this rebel against middle class conventionality strove to remain a gentleman, gallant if only to streetwalkers, chivalric to the declasse, ministerial to reckless youth, and grandly hospitable at Brede Place to friend and stranger alike. While his friends might grumble that he “had no sense of propriety,” Crane, self-conscious and self-deprecatory, tried to be both the isolated Bohemian and “Baron Brede.” Able to breathe only “in the slums or among aristocrats,” as a contemporary remembered him, he seems to have struggled all his life between the appeal of the “wild free son of nature” and the need to find a place in society and tradition. Like his Henry Fleming, he struggled to gain the respect of his fraternity without surrendering his life or his individuality to the “moving box” of tradition; he tried, like his Swede, to make a place for himself as a gentleman without impaling himself on his purchase. This apparent temperamental need for a role both docile and savage was transmuted into the impersonalities of his fiction, in which the fate of the hero—soldier, honey-mooner, outcast, or outlander—is the measure of his ability to establish the grounds for proper conduct. In that transmutation Crane defined himself as an artist; and to pursue a metaphor of decorum through his best stories is to discover anew his view of life and the courage of his response to it.
Market Functions and Market Evolution

T he articles in this section of the special issue deal with the nature, formation, evolution, and functioning of markets. Since the earliest days of marketing as a distinct field of study, the "market" has been one of its central concepts. Most of the pioneers in the field had studied economics, and they relied heavily on concepts drawn from that discipline in developing their own framework (Bartels 1962). In the early years, markets were viewed as "givens," and little if any attention was paid to how they were formed or changed over time. Today, it generally is recognized that proper definition of a market is a basic foundation for the design and modification of marketing strategies, the analysis of competition, and the evaluation of performance. For scholars, a market is a basic unit of analysis and the starting point for many kinds of research.
Oxidation of intra-arterially administered carbon14-labelled methane in sheep.

SummaryOxidation of methane was demonstrated in intact mammals by trapping radioactive respiratory carbon dioxide following arterial infusion of C14-labelled methane (C14H4). Only a small amount of the infused C14H4 was oxidized.
The Soviet Foreign Policy Belief System: Beliefs, Politics, and Foreign Policy Outcomes

Why do policies persist even when they produce consistently counterproductive results? When and why do they eventually change, and how does such change occur? The hypothesis explored here is that beliefs are a key intervening variable which shape foreign policy by defining the situation and the range of politically legitimate positions and priorities. This article traces the evolution of Soviet foreign policy beliefs, and suggests that a belief system approach provides a useful alternative to rational actor and domestic political theories for explaining the pattern of continuity and change in Soviet policy. The central argument is that the stability of core beliefs placed limits on the kinds of options available to policy-makers. Beliefs affected domestic politics and foreign policy by influencing the coalition-building process: coalitions which espoused platforms compatible with the requirements of the belief system had a powerful advantage over those which did not. Therefore, despite contradictory goals and problematic results, Soviet foreign policy remained essentially unchanged until Gorbachev, by which time failures in domestic and international performance combined to delegitimize prevailing beliefs. Only then, and only as mediated by a shift at the core level of the belief system, did Soviet policy depart from its traditional goals. Prior to Gorbachev, certain basic patterns in Soviet foreign policy had persevered almost intact from Stalin's time. This was true of Soviet high-handedness and interference in the affairs of other socialist states, opportunistic expansionism in the Third World, and the dual-track nature of Moscow's policy toward the capitalist West. The results consistently undercut Soviet security and prevented the pursuit of a more advantageous realpolitik. The puzzle is twofold. First, despite counterproductive outcomes, such tendencies stubbornly persisted. Second, when change finally did occur, under Gorbachev, it took the form of an abrupt, dramatic shift in every area: toward the West, Eastern Europe, China, and the Third World alike. This article addresses the following questions: first,
A Design Scheme of Test-bed for Electrical Pitch System of Megawatt Rated Wind Turbine-driven Generator

Large-scale variable speed constant frequency wind turbine-driven generator usually adopts adjustable pitch control technology to keep the output power above the rated wind speed stable,ensuring the safety of the system.Electrical pitch system has been widely applied in the adjustable pitch wind turbine because of its simple structure,easy to impose a variety of control strategy,and high reliability.The operating principle of the electrical pitch system of megawatt rated wind turbine-driven generator is introduced,and the permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) is chosen as the executive motor of the proposed system.Based on the analysis above,an electrical pitch control system composed of a PMSM and its load simulation test-bed are designed.It also provides an effective way to test the performance and reliability of the electrical pitch system in the ground.
Observation on the serum microelement levels of children with Rotavirus enteritis

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of zinc supplementation treatment besides conventional therapy on the basis of observation of the change of serum microelement levels of children with Rotavirus enteritis. Methods: The venous blood was collected from 176 cases of children with Rotavirus enteritis and 134 cases of healthy children at the age ranging from 6 months to 2 years from September 1,2013 to January 31,2014 and the levels of serum microelement,including zinc,ferrum,calcium,magnesium and copper were detected respectively. The 176 children with Rotavirus enteritis were randomly divided into control group( 80 cases),which received conventional therapy like oral rehydration salts,intestinal mucosa protector and probiotics,and treatment group( 96 cases),in which oral zinc gluconate was adopted in addition to the conventional therapy.The serum microelement levels and total effective rate were compared. Results: The level of serum zinc of children with Rotavirus enteritis was lower than that of the healthy children,the difference with statistical significance( P 0. 05); The levels of serum ferrum,calcium and magnesium of them were lower than those of the healthy children,but there was no statistic significance between the two groups( P 0. 05); The level of serum copper of them was higher than that of the healthy children,but the difference had no statistical significance( P 0. 05). The total effective rate in the Zinc supplementation treatment group was higher than that in the control group on a statistically significant difference( P 0. 05). Conclusions: The level of serum Zinc of children with Rotavirus enteritis is lower than that of the healthy children. Zinc supplementation treatment,combined with the diarrhea conventional therapy,can markedly enhance curative effects.
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON VEGETAION RECOVERY IN DRY-HOT VALLEYS OF HENGDUAN MOUNTAINOUS REGION IN SOUTHWEST CHINA

Dry-hot valley is a special and typical ecological fragile area of Hengduanshan areas,southwest of China.As a result of climate,terrain and landforms of high mountain canyon and human disturbance,vegetation and soil are degraded seriously,and the balance of water and heat is broken,therefore,it is very hot and droughty,and is very difficult for plant recovery and ecological control.In the paper,based on the experiences of plant recovery of dry-hot valley,some new ideas show that dry hot valleys belong to north tropical climate of China,and are an opposite type with seasonal dry-hot property of humidity type of northern tropical climate.On the side of suitable trees selection of plant recovery,with the exception of primary trees,some introduced trees from tropical area with seasonal drought are good for it.At the same time,the main vegetation of the plant recovery area of the dry hot valley might be savanna vegetation,however,forest vegetations mainly consist of trees growing in part of dry-hot valley areas,and shrubs with rare trees vegetations growing in most of dry-hot valley areas.Most of rainfall resources in rainy season could be better utilized with the help of human activities of vegetation recovery.
The role of cohesive zone properties on intergranular to transgranular fracture transition in polycrystalline solids

A cohesive zone model is employed to simulate the fracture evolution and crack propagation in polycrystalline solids. Numerical simulations of fracture growth with various cohesive zone properties ...
Innate Immunity in Asthma.

It is appreciated that the marked increase in the prevalence of asthma over the past few decades reflects changes in environmental exposures and living conditions associated with modern lifestyles.1 Of particular interest is the documentation of a protective effect of exposures associated with traditional farming, the influence of which has waned with increased urbanization and the advent of mechanized agriculture.2 On small family-based farms where children are reared in close proximity to farm animals and their sheds, increased exposure to the microbial products found in these environments, including lipopolysaccharides, has been associated with protection against asthma.3,4 It remains unclear . . .
A genome-wide association study of emotion dysregulation: Evidence for interleukin 2 receptor alpha.

Emotion dysregulation has been implicated as a risk factor for many psychiatric conditions. Therefore, examining genetic risk associated with emotion dysregulation could help inform cross-disorder risk more generally. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of emotion dysregulation using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array technology was conducted in a highly traumatized, minority, urban sample (N = 2600, males = 774). Post-hoc analyses examined associations between SNPs identified in the GWAS and current depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and history of suicide attempt. Methylation quantitative trait loci were identified and gene set enrichment analyses were used to broadly determine biological processes involved with these SNPs. Among males, SNP rs6602398, located within the interleukin receptor 2A gene, IL2RA, was significantly associated with emotion dysregulation (p = 1.1 × 10−8). Logistic regression analyses revealed this SNP was significantly associated with depression (Exp(B) = 2.67, p < 0.001) and PTSD (Exp(B) = 2.07, p < 0.01). This SNP was associated with differential DNA methylation (p < 0.05) suggesting it may be functionally active. Finally, through gene set enrichment analyses, ten psychiatric disease pathways (adjusted p < 0.01) and the calcium signaling pathway (adjusted p = 0.008) were significantly associated with emotion dysregulation. We found initial evidence for an association between emotion dysregulation and genetic risk loci that have already been implicated in medical disorders that have high comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. Our results provide further evidence that emotion dysregulation can be understood as a potential psychiatric cross-disorder risk factor, and that sex differences across these phenotypes may be critical. Continued research into genetic and biological risk associated with emotion dysregulation is needed.
Neurological Assessment of Developmental Delay

The etiologic or diagnostic yield of the neurologic examination in 60 children referred to a pediatric neurologist for evaluation of global developmental delay was determined at the Montreal Children’s Hospital-McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
Sorghum forage in precision-fed dairy heifer diets

Sorghum forage is an alternative crop that is more adapted to drier conditions and more resistant than corn to drought conditions. Thus, sorghum forage maximizes water utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate sorghum silage (SS), including digestibility and fermentation parameters, in precision-fed dairy heifers. Eight Holstein heifers (13.7±0.6mo of age and 364.8±17.64kg of body weight) fitted with rumen cannulas were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin Square design; treatments were 4 levels of forage to concentrate ratios (85:15, 75:25, 65:35, and 55:45). Rumen contents were sampled at various times to determine pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations. Dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in situ degradation kinetics were compared between SS and corn silage (CS) diets. Fecal total collection was used to estimate apparent total-tract digestibility. Fecal grab samples at 0, 6, 12, and 18h after feeding were used to estimate total-tract starch digestibility. Amount of concentrate in the diet affected the time that heifers spent eating as well as rumen pH. When the concentrate proportion of the diet increased, eating time and rumen pH decreased linearly. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were not affected by treatment, but butyrate increased as the proportion of concentrate increased in the diet. Digestibility of DM and starch were higher in diets with lower forage to concentrate ratio, but NDF, acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose digestibility were not affected. Corn silage had greater DM and NDF digestibility than SS. Also, fractional rate of digestion was faster for CS than SS (2.78 vs. 2.42% per hour, respectively). We conclude that fecal grab samples are suitable for predicting starch digestibility in heifers given the starch levels studied. In addition, SS was an adequate alternative forage in precision-fed dairy heifers with outcomes very similar to CS-based rations.
Speaking of Stories and Law

In a recent article about the relationship of narrative to law, Stephen Paskey gives us much food for thought. I applaud much of the article. Most importantly, I agree with what may be the article’s key stance — that “stories are central to law and legal reasoning in ways that lawyers and legal scholars have yet to fully explore.” As Paskey correctly points out, “stories are not simply a tool for persuasion: they are embedded in the structure of law itself. In a very literal sense, no one can make laws or practice law without telling stories.” From its title (The Law is Made of Stories) to its final paragraph and on nearly every intervening page, the article reminds us that law and narrative are inextricably linked. The article concludes that “the law is made of both stories and rules.” I couldn’t agree more. On other pages, The Law is Made of Stories seems to take a different position — not that rules are made of stories but that rules are stories. Stories and rules are the same thing, the article asserts, and any perceived differences are simply illusory matters of form. The article observes that no one else has yet staked out this bold position, and as far as I know, that claim is true. After characterizing existing narrative scholarship as having “stopped short” of collapsing distinctions between rules and stories, the article redefines the topic’s key terms: “rules,” “stories,” “stock stories,” and “narrative reasoning.” It then applies these new definitions to a set of examples, aiming to show that any perceived dichotomy between rules and stories is false. These three moves — the characterization of existing scholarship, the instrumental redefinition of key terms, and the set of examples offered to debunk distinctions — give me pause. What follows are some thoughts, respectfully offered as a concurring opinion, about these moves and about the points of disagreement between Paskey’s The Law is Made of Stories and my own earlier work in The Convergence of Analogical and Dialectic Imaginations in Legal Discourse.
A New Routing Protocol Based on Fuzzy Combination Model for Predicting Link Stability of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

In this article, we proposed a new routing protocol based on fuzzy combination model for link stability prediction-FCMSP. In this protocol, the fuzzy combination model was introduced to predict the move path of nodes and calculate the distance between nodes at next moment which was a measure of link stability. The geographical position of nodes was gotten by GPS. In addition, through predicting the link is to be unstable at next moment, we could do early start routing beforehand repair mechanisms before link failure in order to avoid link frequent fracture. Simulation was done on a NS2-based platform for comparing the properties of the new protocol presented and conventional AODV protocol. The simulation results showed that the packet delivery ratio, the average end-to-end delay and the normalized routing overhead have all improved better.
VISAR: Some Things You Should Know

VISAR performance can be improved while reducing cost, set up time, and required operator skill. Simple features that increase laser light efficiency, improve signal-to-noise ratio, reduce the number of data channels, greatly simplify data reduction, ease VISAR adjustments, and reduce laser wear and tear are discussed. These features were collected, developed, tried, and proven over the last few years and several hundred VISAR shots.
Heschel, Hiddenness, and the God of Israel

Drawing on the writings of the Jewish thinker, Abraham Joshua Heschel, I defend a partial response to the problem of divine hiddenness. A Jewish approach to divine love includes the thought that God desires meaningful relationship not only with individual persons, but also with communities of persons. In combination with John Schellenberg’s account of divine love, the admission of God’s desire for such relationships makes possible that a person may fail to believe that God exists not because of any individual failing, but because the individual is a member of a larger community that itself is culpable.
Discipline and Due Process in a Digital Age

License discipline requires due process by an impartial decision maker in a fair proceeding. This article discusses how board members' use of technology before, during, and after a license discipline proceeding can affect the validity of the proceeding, even if no harm is intended. This article explains the implications of delivering due process using technology and provides case examples from various states. The objective is to provide general guidance on the use of technology, most notably electronic communications, to protect the integrity of the license discipline process.
Scandal of Colonial Rule: “Only answerable to God and conscience”: justice unbounded by law

Having in the preceding chapter mapped the world forces within which William Fullarton set his career, we tighten our focus to reveal how empire was defined on the ground in Trinidad, particularly through the ruling practices of its first British governor. In 1797 Britain conquered Trinidad; in 1801 the island was ceded to Britain by the terms of the Peace of Amiens. This chapter starts at the point when control of Trinidad passed from Spain to Britain. As military governor, Colonel Thomas Picton was handed command at Trinidad with instructions vesting extraordinary power in his personal capacity to govern in both military and civilian matters. At best his command could be regarded as a temporary concentration of power before the island's cession to Britain; at worst Picton's mandate allowed for an authoritarianism defying legal definition or restraint. The violence of his rule, which he defended as a necessity of the times, appeared to operate outside the boundaries of the law; it also operated under a code of colonial permissibility. The inherent violence of colonialism was exacerbated by the instability of local rule; Trinidad was seen as vulnerable to external attack as well as to internal disorder. However, once the island became officially British, a group of British subjects pressed for the introduction of British law and constitutional guarantees; Picton's suppression of the campaign for British rights broke the silence of the colonial frontier as reports of his tyranny reached government ministers. This chapter details the prelude to the commission appointed to supersede Trinidad's governorship, and the sensational revelations that eventually brought the island's former governor to answer before Privy Council and the court of King's Bench. In considering the case of Trinidad, local conditions and contending parties were of crucial importance to negotiations of power on the ground. Personal rivalries that developed also played their part. But events at Trinidad must also be situated within the context of broader forces of change, manifesting themselves at the national, imperial, and global levels. The opening of the age of total war combined with the Haitian and French revolutions to destabilize the political order of Europe and empire in the Caribbean. The 1790s marked a turning point as traditional regimes struggled to reconstitute and legitimate the basis of their authority.
Conformational Heterogeneity and DNA Recognition by the Morphogen Bicoid

The morphogenic activity of the Drosophila transcription factor bicoid (Bcd), the first morphogenic protein identified, is controlled by its DNA binding homeodomain. Homeodomains mediate developmental processes in all multicellular organisms, but the Bcd homeodomain appears to be unique as it can bind multiple DNA sequences and even RNA. All homeodomain proteins adopt a three-helix fold, with residues of the third helix mediating recognition of the nucleic acid target via interactions with the major groove. Interestingly, previous studies have revealed that conformational heterogeneity is present in the Bcd residues that interact with bound DNA, suggesting that it may underlie the morphogen’s unique polyspecificity. To begin to directly characterize the conformational heterogeneity in the homeodomain, we have introduced C–D bonds within each structural element and characterized their absorptions in the free and bound states, as well as during thermal denaturation. The data reveal that while residues withi...
Management of Radiation Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancers.

Head and neck cancers account for approximately 3% of all cancers in the United States with 62,000 new cases diagnosed annually. The global incidence is approximately 700,000 new cases a year. There has also been a recent increase in human papilloma virus–related oropharyngeal cancers. External beam radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used as an effective therapy for head and neck (H&N) cancers. This is used as a definitive treatment (alone or in combination with chemotherapy) or as an adjuvant treatment after surgical resection of the tumors. Because of the complex anatomy of the H&N region, several critical structures in and around the area receive radiation treatment. This includes the neural structures (brainstem, spinal cord, and brachial plexus), salivary glands, mucosa, major blood vessels, and swallowing musculature. Careful RT planning is necessary to avoid or mitigate the side effects of treatment. This review discusses some of the major acute and late side effects of RT for H&N cancers and provides evidence-based guidelines for their management. Patient-reported outcomes and quality-of-life implications are also discussed.