cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ContextAlert: context‐aware alert mode for a mobile phone

Purpose – Mobile computing research has been focused on developing technologies for handheld devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, and mobile IP. Today, emphasis is increasing on context‐aware computing, which aims to build the intelligence into mobile devices to sense and respond to the user's context. The purpose of this paper is to present a context‐aware mobile computing model (ContextAlert) that senses the user's context and intelligently configures the mobile phone alert mode accordingly.Design/methodology/approach – The paper proposes a three‐step approach in designing the model based on the embedded sensor data (accelerometer, GPS antenna, and microphone) of a G1 Adriod phone. As adaptivity is essential for context‐aware computing, within this model a new learning mechanism is presented to maintain a constant adaptivity rate for new learning while keeping the catastrophic forgetting problem minimal.Findings – The model has been evaluated in many aspects using data collected from human...
Crystal structure of Escherichia coli malate dehydrogenase: A complex of the apoenzyme and citrate at 1·87 Å resolution

The crystal structure of malate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli has been determined with a resulting R-factor of 0.187 for X-ray data from 8.0 to 1.87 A. Molecular replacement, using the partially refined structure of porcine mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase as a probe, provided initial phases. The structure of this prokaryotic enzyme is closely homologous with the mitochondrial enzyme but somewhat less similar to cytosolic malate dehydrogenase from eukaryotes. However, all three enzymes are dimeric and form the subunit-subunit interface through similar surface regions. A citrate ion, found in the active site, helps define the residues involved in substrate binding and catalysis. Two arginine residues, R81 and R153, interacting with the citrate are believed to confer substrate specificity. The hydroxyl of the citrate is hydrogen-bonded to a histidine, H177, and similar interactions could be assigned to a bound malate or oxaloacetate. Histidine 177 is also hydrogen-bonded to an aspartate, D150, to form a classic His.Asp pair. Studies of the active site cavity indicate that the bound citrate would occupy part of the site needed for the coenzyme. In a model building study, the cofactor, NAD, was placed into the coenzyme site which exists when the citrate was converted to malate and crystallographic water molecules removed. This hypothetical model of a ternary complex was energy minimized for comparison with the structure of the binary complex of porcine cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. Many residues involved in cofactor binding in the minimized E. coli malate dehydrogenase structure are homologous to coenzyme binding residues in cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. In the energy minimized structure of the ternary complex, the C-4 atom of NAD is in van der Waals' contact with the C-3 atom of the malate. A catalytic cycle involves hydride transfer between these two atoms.
Recombinational Telomere Elongation Promoted by DNA Circles

Yeast mutants lacking telomerase are capable of maintaining telomeres by an alternate mechanism that depends on homologous recombination. We show here, by using Kluyveromyces lactis cells containing two types of telomeric repeats, that recombinational telomere elongation generates a repeating pattern common in most or all telomeres in survivors that retain both repeat types. We propose that these patterns arise from small circles of telomeric DNA being used as templates for rolling-circle gene conversion and that the sequence from the lengthened telomere is spread to other telomeres by additional, more typical gene conversion events. Consistent with this, artificially constructed circles of DNA containing telomeric repeats form long tandem arrays at telomeres when transformed into K. lactis cells. Mixing experiments done with two species of telomeric circles indicated that all of the integrated copies of the transforming sequence arise from a single original circular molecule.
A simple approach to quantile regression for panel data

Summary This paper provides a set of sufficient conditions that point identify a quantile regression model with fixed effects. It also proposes a simple transformation of the data that gets rid of the fixed effects under the assumption that these effects are location shifters. The new estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal as both n and T grow.
High power X-band TWT amplifiers

Our recent research into multi-stage X-Band TWT's producing output powers of 100-200 MW has shown that it is essential to minimize the reflections in each stage of the amplifier in order to avoid sideband development. These reflections also cause fluctuations in the RF output power envelope. Following extensive MAGIC code simulations we have designed tapers that adiabatically increase the iris diameter in the output sections of the amplifier to provide a smooth, broad-band transition from the slow-wave structure to cylindrical waveguide. We report results, extracting in the TM/sub 01/ mode, showing smooth output pulses in the range 30-50 MW, with no evidence of sidebands. A second approach seeks to isolate the first amplifier stage with a drift tube beyond cutoff. The second stage and output section are quasi-periodic structures designed to minimize reflections, and allow the radial or longitudinal RF power extraction to be distributed over an extended region. The first stage of this system has been developed and initial operation results using an 0.8-1.0 MV, 0.5-1.0 kA, 50 ns cylindrical beam will be reported.
Fire, flow and dynamic equilibrium in stream macroinvertebrate communities

SUMMARY 1. The complex effects of disturbances on ecological communities can be further complicated by subsequent perturbations within an ecosystem. We investigated how wildfire interacts with annual variations in peak streamflow to affect the stability of stream macroinvertebrate communities in a central Idaho wilderness, USA. We conducted a 4-year retrospective analysis of unburned (n = 7) and burned (n = 6) catchments, using changes in reflectance values (DNBR) from satellite imagery to quantify the percentage of each catchment’s riparian and upland vegetation that burned at high and low severity. 2. For this wildland fire complex, increasing riparian burn severity and extent were associated with greater year-to-year variation, rather than a perennial increase, in sediment loads, organic debris, large woody debris (LWD) and undercut bank structure. Temporal changes in these variables were correlated with yearly peak flow in burned catchments but not in unburned reference catchments, indicating that an interaction between fire and flow can result in decreased habitat stability in burned catchments. 3. Streams in more severely burned catchments exhibited increasingly dynamic macroinvertebrate communities and did not show increased similarity to reference streams over time. Annual variability in macroinvertebrates was attributed, predominantly, to the changing influence of sediment, LWD, riparian cover and organic debris, as quantities of these habitat components fluctuated annually depending on burn severity and annual peak streamflows. 4. These analyses suggest that interactions among fire, flow and stream habitat may increase inter-annual habitat variability and macroinvertebrate community dynamics for a duration approaching the length of the historic fire return interval of the study area.
Ultrasensitive response of a CW dye laser to selective extinction

The sensitivity of a broad-band dye laser to selective intracavity absorption is proportional to the number of oscillating modes. This result is obtained from a rate equation model, taking into account the spectral homogeneity, but spatial inhomogeneity of the laser saturation. An increase of absorption sensitivity by a factor of 105, compared to a single-pass measurement, is observed in an experiment with an iodine vapor absorption cell inside the cavity of a CW dye laser. The fluorescence of an external iodine vapor cell provides a convenient selective absorption monitor.
The interaction of vasodilating drugs and sympathetic blockade in normal and ischemic canine hindlimbs.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if intraarterial vasodilating drugs could augment the vasodilation produced by sympathetic blockade, such as occurs during epidural anesthesia. Papaverine (2 mg/min), nitroglycerin (1 μg/kg/min), and saline were infused into the femoral artery before and after lumbar sympathectomy in six arterially isolated canine hindlimbs. Femoral blood flow was controlled with a perfusion circuit at baseline (80 ml/min), half-baseline (40 ml/min), and low (5 ml/min) flow rates so that hindlimb mean arterial pressure served as an index of peripheral vasodilation. At low flow, hindlimb arteriovenous oxygen content difference increased from 1.4 (baseline) to 6.2 ml O 2 /dl, consistent with peripheral ischemia. At baseline flow before sympathectomy, papaverine and nitroglycerin caused a decrease in hindlimb mean arterial pressure of 30% and 18%, respectively ( p p p p p
Habitat manipulation in potato affects Colorado potato beetle dispersal

Increased habitat complexity in agricultural fields can alter the movement of pests into or within a field. Using a mark‐release‐recapture method with Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)], we compared the tenure time and dispersal of marked insects released within experimental potato fields to those released at the field borders in three trials in summer 2006. Plots within fields had rye, vetch or no plant residues. Movement of marked Colorado potato beetles into the tilled plots was significantly higher than into vetch or rye cover treatments. The abundance of naturally occurring beetles in the three cover treatments followed the general patterns of the number of marked immigrants over all releases. Marked beetles released inside the potato field tended to move along the release row rather than across rows; this pattern was stronger for the tilled treatment than for the two mulch cover treatments. Marked beetles disappeared from within the potato fields differently, depending on the cover crop treatment, but the patterns were not consistent over the season. Incorporation of dispersal patterns into pest management strategies should improve methods of pest population regulation, especially for the initial colonization of fields.
Potassium stimulates fungal epidemics in Daphnia by increasing host and parasite reproduction

As natural enemies, parasites can dramatically harm host populations, and even catalyze their decline. Thus, identifying factors that promote disease spread is paramount. Environmental factors can drive epidemics by altering traits involved in disease spread. For example, nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) can stimulate reproduction of both hosts and parasites or alter rates of disease transmission by stimulating productivity and nutrition of food resources of hosts. Here, we demonstrate nutrient–trait–epidemic connections between the greatly understudied macronutrient potassium (K) and fungal disease (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) in a zooplankton host (Daphnia dentifera). In a three-year survey, epidemics grew larger in lakes with more potassium. In laboratory assays, potassium enrichment of low-K lake water enhanced both host and parasite reproduction. Parameterized with these data, a model predicted that potassium addition catalyzes disease spread. We confirmed this prediction with an experiment...
A graph-theoretic approach to testing associations between disparate sources of functional genomics data

Motivation: The last few years have seen the advent of high-throughput technologies to analyze various properties of the transcriptome and proteome of several organisms. The congruency of these different data sources, or lack thereof, can shed light on the mechanisms that govern cellular function. A central challenge for bioinformatics research is to develop a unified framework for combining the multiple sources of functional genomics information and testing associations between them, thus obtaining a robust and integrated view of the underlying biology. Results: We present a graph-theoretic approach to test the significance of the association between multiple disparate sources of functional genomics data by proposing two statistical tests, namely edge permutation and node label permutation tests. We demonstrate the use of the proposed tests by finding significant association between a Gene Ontology-derived predictome and data obtained from mRNA expression and phenotypic experiments for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, we employ the graph-theoretic framework to recast a surprising discrepancy presented elsewhere between gene expression and knockout phenotype, using expression data from a different set of experiments. Availability: An R software package, GraphAT, containing the data and statistical procedures is available from Bioconductor: http://www.bioconductor.org
The Prediction of Graduate School Success in Psychology

Traditional graduate school admissons indices (three GRE tests, MATs, and GPAs) were used to predict performance on a screening examination called the Master's Comprehensive. The 114 students admitted between 1974 and 1978 were grouped by both year of entrance and doctoral program (clinical or experimental psychology). With respect to the five predictors, no mean differences were found relating to year of entrance, however, the results yielded significant mean differences between experimental and clinical students on four of the five predictors. Separate regression analyses were performed for the two programs. For both equations a significant portion of the Master's Comprehensive score variance was explained using GRE-Verbal alone. Addition of the other four predictors did not significantly improve the predictability of the equation. A regression equation combining both programs produced a similar multiple R, again using GRE-V alone.
Recent Clinical Drug Trials Evidence in Marfan Syndrome and Clinical Implications

Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder of connective tissue with principal manifestations in the cardiovascular, ocular, and skeletal systems. Cardiovascular disease, mainly progressive aortic root dilation and aortic dissection, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The primary aims of this report were to examine the evidence related to medical therapy for Marfan syndrome, including recently completed randomized clinical trials on the efficacy of β-blockers and angiotensin II receptor blockers for the prophylactic treatment of aortic enlargement in Marfan syndrome, and to provide recommendations for medical therapy on the basis of available evidence. Medical therapy for Marfan syndrome should be individualized according to patient tolerance and risk factors such as age, aortic size, and family history of aortic dissection. The Pediatric Heart Network trial showed that atenolol and losartan each reduced the rate of aortic dilation. All patients with known or suspected Marfan syndrome and aortic root dilation should receive medical therapy with adequate doses of either β-blocker or angiotensin receptor blocker. The Pediatric Heart Network trial also showed that atenolol and losartan are more effective at reduction of aortic root z score in younger subjects, which suggests that medical therapy should be prescribed even in the youngest children with aortic dilation. For patients with Marfan syndrome without aortic dilation, the available evidence is less clear. If aortic dilation is severe and/or progressive, therapy with a combination of β-blocker and angiotensin receptor blocker should be considered, although trial results are mixed with respect to the efficacy of combination therapy vs monotherapy.
Effects of Diet, Drugs, and Activity Levels on δ13C of Breath and Hair of Humans

Stable isotope analyses of body tissues and exhaled breath can be useful in considerations regarding diet, but the effects of metabolism-altering drugs on body δ13C and δ15N are not known. Hair samples and exhaled breath were sampled from 212 university students. Carbon and nitrogen isotope values were related to gender, age, diet, activity, and drug consumption. δ13C of exhaled CO2 became heavier with increasing consumption of caffeine and tobacco. δ13C values of hair were significantly higher than exhaled CO2 and became heavier with increased consumption of meat, alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco. δ15N of hair was significantly correlated to meat intake. In addition, there were numerous biological and sociological correlations between subjects in the study. Males and females differed in their likelihood of consuming meat, seafood, alcohol, appearance enhancing drugs (e.g., diet pills or exercise supplements), vitamins, and other drugs. Subjects who consumed alcohol were also more likely to consume nicotine...
Room-Temperature Luminescence from Kaolin Induced by Organic Amines

Several new, room-temperature luminescent phenomena, resulting from the interaction of kaolin and various amino compounds, have been observed. The emission of light from kaolin pastes (treated with quinoline, pyridine, hydrazine, monoethanolamine, n-butylamine, and piperidine) was shown to decay monotonically over a period of hours to days. More light was released by a given amino compound after it was dried and purified. Hydrazine, in addition to the monotonically decaying photon release, produces delayed pulses of light with peak emission wavelength of 365 nm which last between several hours and several days. These photon bursts are acutely sensitive to the initial dryness of the hydrazine, both in the number of bursts and the integrated photon output. The amount of light and the capacity of the kaolin to produce the delayed burst appeared to be strongly dependent on preliminary heating and on gamma-irradiation, analogous to the dehydration-induced light pulse previously reported from the Ames Research Center. A small, delayed burst of photons occurred when piperidine and n-butylamine were removed by evaporation into an H2SO4 reservoir.
Increased Incidence of Perforated Appendicitis in Children With Obesity

Based on their clinical impression, the authors hypothesized that children with obesity may more commonly present with perforated appendicitis. Therefore, the authors reviewed their experience from 2008 to 2010 to determine whether obesity affected the clinical presentation of appendicitis. Variables studied were height, weight, use of diagnostic imaging, and clinical findings of appendicitis at presentation. Outcomes assessed were length of stay and complication rate. The study identified 319 patients with appendicitis. Children with obesity were more likely (P = .026) to present with perforation (28/62, 45%) than nonobese patients (78/257, 30%). Neither length of stay nor complication rate was affected by the presence of obesity. The data suggest that children with obesity are more likely to present with perforated appendicitis. This finding suggests that the diagnosis of appendicitis may be more difficult in obese patients or their presentation may be delayed. Practitioners should have heightened aware...
Enabling 3D-IC foundry technologies for 28 nm node and beyond: through-silicon-via integration with high throughput die-to-wafer stacking

High density through-silicon-via (TSV) and cost-effective 3D die-to-wafer integration scheme are proposed as best-in-class foundry solutions for high-end CMOS chips at 28 nm node and beyond. Key processes include: TSV formation, extreme thinning of the TSV wafer and die-to-wafer assembly. The impact of extreme thinning on device threshold voltage, leakage currents, and I on -I off characteristics of bulk CMOS devices with and without e-SiGe/CESL stressors has been minimized. The presence of TSV caused no significant changes in Cu/ELK reliability. These excellent characteristics suggest the 300mm 3D-IC processes are promising and suitable for adoption in next generation integrated circuits and interconnects.
Mistaken ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

A 66-year-old female was transferred from an outside hospital for possible ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The patient reported feeling poorly for the last day, with epigastric pain, nausea, and multiple episodes of vomiting. Patient’s medical history was significant for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and multiple sclerosis. Electrocardiogram (EKG) was as noted (Figure). Initial troponin was 0.14 (<0.03ng/mL). The patient was taken emergently to the cardiac cath lab for possible posterior STEMI. Angiogram demonstrated no significant evidence of coronary artery disease, with an EF of 75%. Figure Initial electrocardiogram of patient with elevated digoxin concentration Digoxin concentration subsequently returned at 8.8ng/mL (reference range 0.5–1ng/mL). The ST segment changes gradually improved as the digoxin concentration declined. An echocardiogram demonstrated moderate concentric left-ventricular hypertrophy with estimated ejection fraction of 80%, rheumatic heart disease, and possible hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy physiology. Troponin peaked at 0.29ng/mL and then returned to baseline. Creatine kinase remained within normal limits.
Safe Zone for Neural Structures in Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy: A Cadaveric and Radiographic Investigation.

Background:We aimed to define reference lines on standard lateral ankle radiographs that could be used intraoperatively to minimize iatrogenic nerve injury risk in medial displacement calcaneal ost...
Individual and social meanings in the classroom: Narrative discourse as a boundary phenomenon.

AbstractThis article explores narrative discourse in the classroom as individual and social meaning construction. Drawing largely on the work of Bakhtin—in particular, his theory of consciousness as a dialogic "boundary phenomenon"—the article positions classroom narrative discourses as co-constructions of meaning. The primary goal of the article is methodological in that it articulates how one might go about studying narratives as neither "inside" the individual nor "out there" in culture. A set of focusing questions are developed for exploring narratives in the classroom. Four focusing questions explore such aspects of narrative discourses as the sociocognitive history of activity settings, the moment-to-moment enactment of meaning, the individual child's reconstruction of meaning (his or her "internalization" of discourses), and developmental changes that occur in how children construct meaning from within textual contexts. These four questions are then applied to a case study of one child's classroom narrative discourses. This study of one first-grader serves as an exemplar of how such overlapping forms of textual inquiry could be applied to a developmental study of children's classroom discourse and learning. Last, issues of a societal-ethical nature are discussed as an important dimension of the theoretical and methodological positioning of narrative as a boundary phenomenon. (Classroom Discourse; Education)
Galerina Hypnorum Fruiting on Cattail and in Pure Culture

A gilled fungus identified according to descriptions by Smith and Singer (2) and by Kauffman (1) as Galerina hypnorum (Schrank ex Fr.) Kiihner fruited on the leaf sheaths of cattails (Typha latifolia L. and T. angustifolia L.) that had been transplanted into water tanks in the greenhouse. Eight fruit bodies developed on five different cattails during a 4-wk period in late June and early July. All of them developed on the shady side of the stem and on a portion of the leaf sheath that appeared to be senescent; typical examples are shown in FIGS. 1, 2. According to Smith and Singer (2), many species of Galerina require a special habitat such as mosses, conifer needles, burned ground, and hardwood logs. Kauffman (1) recorded that G. hypnorum usually occurs on mosses, but, so far as we are aware, this is the first report of its occurrence on Typha. Cultures of the fungus were obtained readily from cast spores placed on sterile agar, and were subsequently transferred to a number of media -potato dextrose, malt, cornmeal, Czapek Dox, and water agar with and without pieces of Typha leaves. Fruit bodies (FIG. 3) developed on the water agar containing portions of Typha leaves, but not on the other media tested, usually only one fruit body per dish or flask. 879
P-128 Ven120, A Plant Derived Human Protein, Attenuates Murine Ileitis Through Activation of Treg Function

Current hypotheses suggest that Crohns disease (CD) may develop through a dysregulated mucosal immune response toward the commensal enteric flora in genetically susceptible individuals. Multiple animal studies indicate that regulatory T cells (Treg) regulate the immune response in normal intestinal mucosa and thereby prevent colitis development. A breakdown of this tolerance to luminal antigens plays a pivotal role in IBD development. We hypothesize that a plant produced human milk protein, Ven120, can modulate the adaptive immune system in Crohn's disease to ameliorate inflammation. We aimed to validate this hypothesis using a TNF-driven model of CD the TNFDARE mouse model, in which a 69bp deletion of the AU-rich element confers increased TNF mRNA stability leading to spontaneous chronic murine ileitis. The Ven120 was provided by oral gavage or by subcutaneous Alzet pump to 10-12 week old TNFDARE mice with ileitis. After 2 weeks these mice were evaluated for intestinal permeability by FITC dextran flux, inflammation by histology, cell isolation and flow cytometry as well as Treg function. Finally, IL-10 and IL17 output was measured both by ELISA and by intracellular cytokine staining. Isolated CD4+CD25− T cells had decreased proliferation in the presence of Ven120. These cells produced increased quantities of IL-10. In the TNFDARE mouse model of IBD after 2 weeks of treatment with Ven120 versus vehicle there was a significant drop in influx of Naive CD44lowCD62Lhi T cells into the lamina propria of the intestine. In addition to this there was a significant increase in Treg numbers and these cells produced increased quantities of IL-10. Histology of the intestines from these mice was evaluated by a pathologist in blinded fashion and all indices of inflammation were improved. Similar studies were carried out in the DSS model of colitis and similar anti-inflammatory effects were noted. Our studies have effectively demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Ven120 in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Specifically, Ven120 administration significantly decreased naive T cell infiltration and proliferation in the intestinal lamina propria, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen of 12 weeks old TNFDARE mice. An increase in CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells was noted in the Ven120-treated mice. These Ven120 treated mice also exhibited improved histological indices and had improved intestinal barrier function, indicating efficacy for Ven120 to decrease inflammation in a preclinical model of CD.
Dislocation Emission at Surfaces

An exact expression for the elastic energy associated with a semicircular shear dislocation loop emanating from a free surface, such as that of a stressed thin film, is derived (within continuum dislocation theory) and compared with earlier approximations. The energy required to activate a semicircular dislocation loop into its unstable “saddle-point” configuration is then re-calculated, based on the modified expression for the self-energy. It is found that the shear stress necessary to emit a loop, as a function of temperature, is almost 50% less than earlier estimates. The effects of ledges on the surface, as well as loop geometry, are discussed. The principal drawback to this type of calculation is pointed out, namely, that the critical radius of an incipient dislocation loop can be on the order of one atomic spacing, which is too small for a continuum theory to be valid.
Commentary: Writing and Evaluating Qualitative Research Reports

Objective To provide an overview of qualitative methods, particularly for reviewers and authors who may be less familiar with qualitative research. Methods A question and answer format is used to address considerations for writing and evaluating qualitative research. Results and conclusions When producing qualitative research, individuals are encouraged to address the qualitative research considerations raised and to explicitly identify the systematic strategies used to ensure rigor in study design and methods, analysis, and presentation of findings. Increasing capacity for review and publication of qualitative research within pediatric psychology will advance the field's ability to gain a better understanding of the specific needs of pediatric populations, tailor interventions more effectively, and promote optimal health.
Technology of rotary-wheel continuous casting process of aluminum alloy ingots of high and moderate strength for overhead conductors

Analysis was carriedout on the effects of technology parameters on the quality of aluminum alloy ingots of the high and moderate strength for overhead conductors during rotary-wheel casting process. An introduction was made on typical defects of ingots and the method to eliminate the defects during rotary-wheel casting process. Combined with the actual situation of the production,it was proposed to optimize the rotary-wheel casting process of aluminum alloy. And high-quality aluminum alloy ingots of the high and moderate strength for the overhead conductors were successfully produced by the rotary-wheel casting process.
Coherence-Free Multiview: Enabling Reference-Discerning Data Placement on GPU

A Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) system is typically equipped with many types of memory (e.g., global, constant, texture, shared, cache). Data placement determines what data are placed on which type of memory, essential for GPU memory performance. Prior optimizations of data placement always require a single view of a data object on memory, which limits the optimization effectiveness. In this work, we propose coherence-free multiview, an approach that allows multiple views of a single data object to co-exist on GPU memory during a GPU kernel execution. We demonstrate that under certain conditions, the multiple views can remain incoherent while facilitating enhanced data placement. We present a theorem and some compiler support to ensure the soundness of the usage of coherence-free multiview. We further develop reference-discerning data placement, a new way to enhance data placements on GPU. It enables more flexible data placements by using coherence-free multiview to leverage the slack in coherence requirement of some GPU programs. Experiments on three types of GPU systems show that, with less than 200KB space cost, the new data placement technique can provide a 1.6X average (up to 4.27X) speedup.
Memory consequences of looking back to notice change: Retroactive and proactive facilitation

Three experiments contrasted recollection of change with differentiation as means of avoiding retroactive interference and proactive interference. We manipulated the extent to which participants looked back to notice change between pairs of cues and targets (A-B, A-D) and measured the effects on later cued recall of either the first or second response. Two lists of word pairs were presented. Some right-hand members of pairs were changed within List 2, whereas others were changed between lists. Participants in a Within-List Back condition were instructed to detect changes that occurred only during List 2, in an effort to reduce noticing changes in pairs between lists while simultaneously differentiating the 2 lists. In contrast, participants in an N-Back condition were instructed to detect both within-list and between-list changes. Recall of first list responses that changed between lists produced retroactive facilitation for the N-Back condition but not for the Within-List Back condition. Similarly, recall of second list responses that changed between lists produced proactive facilitation for the N-Back condition but not for the Within-List Back condition. The greater extent of looking back increased detection of change and later recollection of change, which produced facilitation. When change was not recollected, detected change produced proactive interference. The recursive reminding produced when change is noticed contrasts with the simple associations of classic interference theory, and memory performance when change is recollected contrasts with the predictions of interference theory.
Providing Guided Practice in Discourse Synthesis

In this article, the authors discuss the importance of the skill of synthesis in university-level writing. They outline specific challenges faced by students of English as a second language with synthesis as a writing skill. They then describe a lesson that they created for an English for academic purposes class for graduate students in the field of social work. Examples of texts are presented that contrast unsuccessful with successful synthesis of various sources on the topic of homelessness. The authors provide guidelines and language suggestions for teachers to introduce to students to use as this skill is addressed. Finally, they present positive testimonials provided by their students after having completed this lesson.
Primary Urethral Neoplasms: Review of 30 Cases

AbstractThe recent literature shows our findings on primary urethral neoplasms to be consistent with others, although we did not show an increased incidence of these neoplasms in female over male subjects. Similarly, we recommend an operation with or without irradiation, depending on the stage and location of the lesion. The over-all prognosis of urethral neoplasms remains poor. However, the distal urethral lesions in male and female subjects are easier to approach surgically and seem to be diagnosed earlier in the progression of this disease than the more proximally advanced tumors. These early staged and distal neoplasms greatly improve the chances of long survival. The delay in diagnosis gives this neoplasm its poor prognosis. In men the prognosis probably could be improved by more aggressive evaluation of stricture disease, especially when the need for dilation becomes frequent. In women we believe that the caruncle should be biopsied if it shows signs of progression or remains symptomatic (pain, blee...
Cumulative burden of comorbid mental disorders, substance use disorders, chronic medical conditions, and poverty on health among adults in the U.S.A.

AbstractThe health of individuals in the U.S.A. is increasingly being defined by complexity and multimorbidity. We examined the patterns of co-occurrence of mental illness, substance abuse/dependence, and chronic medical conditions and the cumulative burden of these conditions and living in poverty on self-rated health. We conducted a secondary data analysis using publically-available data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), which is an annual nationally-representative survey. Pooled data from the 2010–2012 NSDUH surveys included 115,921 adults 18 years of age or older. The majority of adults (52.2%) had at least one type of condition (mental illness, substance abuse/dependence, or chronic medical conditions), with substantial overlap across the conditions. 1.2%, or 2.2 million people, reported all three conditions. Generally, as the number of conditions increased, the odds of reporting worse health also increased. The likelihood of reporting fair/poor health was greatest for people w...
Introduction and Epidemiology of Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive condition caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein [1]. CFTR plays a central role in the regulation of ion transport across the cell membrane. CF affects multiple organ systems, although, gastrointestinal and pulmonary complications are responsible for the vast majority of morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. When CF was initially described in the 1930s, patients rarely survived beyond infancy or early childhood [2]. Since then advances in care have resulted in marked improvements in survival. The development of patient registries and quality improvement initiatives has led to more consistent care; the results of which can be tracked on a regular basis. Today, half of all patients with CF in the US are adults, and estimated median survival is >40 years [3]. The future of CF care has become even brighter with the development of CFTR modulators; medications that can target the underlying defect causing CF. Currently available CFTR modulators target only a small proportion of patients with CF or lack potency, although, newer more effective compounds are under development. At the same time, there are large numbers of patients with CF that will continue to require close monitoring and treatment of ongoing CF issues. Advances in understanding the genetics of CF and the spread of CF newborn screening have also affected how patients with CF are diagnosed. For all of these reasons, this handbook is very timely and will be a valuable resource for clinicians caring for patients with CF. In this handbook we will review the genetics and diagnosis of CF, the clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of CF, and monitoring and treatment of the disease.
An Unusual Case of Alternating Ventricular Morphology on the 12-Lead Electrocardiogram

Abstract Background One of the principal tasks of an emergency physician is identifying potentially life-threatening conditions in the undifferentiated patient; cardiac dysrhythmia is an example of such a condition. A systematic approach to a patient with atypical dysrhythmia enables proper identification of such-life threatening conditions. Case Report We describe a 31-year-old man presenting to the emergency department with an undifferentiated dysrhythmia after naloxone reversal of an opiate overdose. A systematic approach to the electrocardiogram led to the rare diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) alternans. We review the differential diagnosis of this dysrhythmia and the initial evaluation of a patient with the WPW pattern present on their electrocardiogram. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Emergency physicians should be prepared to use a systematic approach to an undifferentiated dysrhythmia to identify potentially life-threatening conditions.
“These People Are Never Going to Stop Labeling Me”: Educational Experiences of African American Male Students Labeled with Learning Disabilities

ABSTRACTThis investigation employs Disability Critical Race Studies as a theoretical framework to determine the interdependence of racism and ableism in school settings. African American male students with learning disabilities are queried about their interpretations of special education placement and labeling while attempting to secure educational opportunities during high school. Their responses were used to determine the consequences of labeling as they intersect with factors such as race, gender and, to a lesser extent, social economic status. Subsequently, as a result of this investigation, implications for empowering students through self-advocacy and enhancing teachers' knowledge of diverse learning styles are discussed.
Urban Middle School Students, Twenty-First Century Skills, and STEM-ICT Careers: Selected Findings from a Front-End Analysis

As part of the design and development of an informal learning environment meant to increase urban middle school students’ interest in technology-focused STEM careers, and to support their twenty-first century skill development, researchers developed and administered the ICT/Twenty-First Century Skills Questionnaire. Both STEM-ICT professionals and middle school students completed the survey. STEM-ICT professionals indicated that problem solving, critical thinking and communication were the most valued and the most frequently used skills in their environments. Students underestimated the amount of critical thinking and systematic design, and overestimated the amount of coding and digital research that occurs in STEM-ICT workplaces. Among skills highly valued by ICT professionals, students reported significantly lower ability levels in problem solving, critical thinking, communication, use of technical systems and information literacy. The researchers discuss implications of this research on future curriculum and program design.
Water-Leaving Contribution to Polarized Radiation Field Over Ocean

The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation field from a coupled atmosphere-ocean system (CAOS) includes contributions from the atmosphere, surface, and water body. Atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery is to retrieve water-leaving radiance from the TOA measurement, from which ocean bio-optical properties can be obtained. Knowledge of the absolute and relative magnitudes of water-leaving signal in the TOA radiation field is important for designing new atmospheric correction algorithms and developing retrieval algorithms for new ocean biogeochemical parameters. In this paper we present a systematic sensitivity study of water-leaving contribution to the TOA radiation field, from 340 nm to 865 nm, with polarization included. Ocean water inherent optical properties are derived from bio-optical models for two kinds of waters, one dominated by phytoplankton (PDW) and the other by non-algae particles (NDW). In addition to elastic scattering, Raman scattering and fluorescence from dissolved organic matter in ocean waters are included. Our sensitivity study shows that the polarized reflectance is minimized for both CAOS and ocean signals in the backscattering half plane, which leads to numerical instability when calculating water leaving relative contribution, the ratio between polarized water leaving and CAOS signals. If the backscattering plane is excluded, the water-leaving polarized signal contributes less than 9% to the TOA polarized reflectance for PDW in the whole spectra. For NDW, the polarized water leaving contribution can be as much as 20% in the wavelength range from 470 to 670 nm. For wavelengths shorter than 452 nm or longer than 865 nm, the water leaving contribution to the TOA polarized reflectance is in general smaller than 5% for NDW. For the TOA total reflectance, the water-leaving contribution has maximum values ranging from 7% to 16% at variable wavelengths from 400 nm to 550 nm from PDW. The water leaving contribution to the TOA total reflectance can be as large as 35% for NDW, which is in general peaked at 550 nm. Both the total and polarized reflectances from water-leaving contributions approach zero in the ultraviolet and near infrared bands. These facts can be used as constraints or guidelines when estimating the water leaving contribution to the TOA reflectance for new atmospheric correction algorithms for ocean color imagery.
Th17 cells are associated with protection from ventilator associated pneumonia.

Background CD4+ T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and Interleukin (IL)-17A play an important role in clearing pathogens in mouse models of pneumonia. We hypothesized that numbers of Th17 cells and levels of IL-17A are associated with risk for nosocomial pneumonia in humans. Methods We collected bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from mechanically ventilated (n = 25) patients undergoing quantitative bacterial culture to evaluate for ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). We identified Th17 cells by positive selection of CD4+ cells, stimulation with ionomycin and PMA, then staining for CD4, CD45, CCR6, IL-17A, and IFN-γ followed by flow cytometric analysis (n = 21). We measured inflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-17A, in BAL fluid by immunoassay. Results VAP was detected in 13 of the 25 subjects. We identified a decreased percentage of IL-17A producing Th17 cells in BAL fluid from patients with VAP compared to those without (p = 0.02). However, we found no significant difference in levels of IL-17A in patients with VAP compared to those without (p = 0.07). Interestingly, IL-17A levels did not correlate with Th17 cell numbers. IL-17A levels did show strong positive correlations with alveolar neutrophil numbers and total protein levels. Conclusions Th17 cells are found at lower percentages in BAL fluid from mechanically ventilated patients with VAP and IL-17A levels correlated with Th17 cell percentages in non-VAP subjects, but not those with VAP. These findings suggest that Th17 cells may be protective against development of nosocomial pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation and that alveolar IL-17A in VAP may be derived from sources other than alveolar Th17 cells.
Actical Accelerometry Cut-Points for Quantifying Levels of Exertion: Comparing Normal and Overweight Adults.

Weight, body fatness and ambulatory pattern all have the potential to affect accelerometer output and cause differences in output between overweight and normal-weight adults. The purpose of this study was to determine if Actical (Philips Respironics, Bend, OR) activity count cut-points for moderate and vigorous intensity exercise are different for overweight adults compared to normal-weight adults. Overweight adults with BMI >25 kg/m(2) (n=29) and Normal-Weight adults (n=25) walked at 3.2 and 4.8 km·h(-1) and ran at 6.4 km·h(-1) on a treadmill while simultaneously wearing an Actical accelerometer and obtaining measurements of oxygen uptake. Counts per minute (counts·min(-1)) were determined at 3 METS (moderate) and 6 METS (vigorous) using ROC curves. The counts·min(-1) at 3 METs was 1726 and 1923 counts·min(-1) for Overweight and Normal-Weight groups, respectively. The cut-points at 6 METs were 4117 and 4032 counts·min(-1) for Overweight and Normal-Weight groups, respectively. The differences between groups were not statistically significant (p>0.73 for both). Correlations between BMI and counts·min(-1) were not significant (p>0.05) at any speed for the Normal-Weight group but were significant at 3.2 and 4.8 km·h(-1) for the Overweight group. Although there appears to be some relationship between activity counts·min(-1) and BMI, the results suggest that similar cut-points may be used for normal weight and overweight adults. However, the greater variability in counts at each speed and lower ROC curve areas for overweight adults suggest that it is harder to classify the activity intensity of overweight subjects compared to normal weight subjects.
Novel Wars: David Malouf and the Invention of the Iliad

In this chapter, I explore the representation of war in David Malouf’s novel Ransom , published in 2009 but written soon after September 11. What is it that makes this novel, set in ancient Greece during the last days of the Trojan War , an entirely contemporary response to war and the legacies and memories of September 11 ? The novel valorises newness, or invention, as a way beyond certain impasses of difference, particularly in terms of an unexpected and unprecedented response to what might be read as escalating acts of terror. I argue that this exploration of the possibility of an inventive response to war echoes aspects of Derrida’s and Žižek’s responses to September 11 , but that it also stresses the significant effect of an individual mourning and memory in response to war, which in the novel produces the break with custom that Priam feels might allow something new to emerge. Malouf considers the novelty the form of the novel introduces to the representation of war. His understanding of invention as reshaping and repurposing existing ideas is demonstrated in the novel itself as it looks anew at old material. By positioning itself as a reworking of The Iliad, the novel challenges the ways in which war is represented, and what it means to use particular forms to do so.