cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactive Power Planning and Management under Power Market Conditions

Reactive power service has its own characteristics and forms in electric power market.Competitions increase uncertainties to reactive power compensation planning,and safety concerns make it necessary to reconsider the optimization issue.Comprehensive,rational and optimum measures based on current status of our nation's electric market should be taken in such aspects as pricing system constraining mechanism,reactive power compensation devices,and user side reactive power compensation of the reactive power planning and management under market conditions.
Analysis on the test results of purified protein derivative in infant of tongling city vaccinated by bacillus calmette guerin

Objective To evaluate the vaccination quality of bacillus calmette guerin(BCG),and to analyze the problems and impact factors so as to promote safe and effective vaccination.Methods 300 children vaccinated by BCG were selected randomly to survey the result of tuberculin skin Test(TST) at the third month after BCG vaccination.Result BCG-PPD test positive rate was 86.33%.Urban children BCG-PPD test positive rate was higher than that of rural children.The size of BCG scar was positive correlation with the test positive rate.The TST positive rate of children vaccinated by BCG in the obstetric department of county or urban hospital was higher than that in rural town hospital.Conclusion Staff technical training of BCG vaccination,especially in rural areas,should be improved.
Diode-pumped composite-cavity electro-optically tuned microchip laser

Microchip lasers1 have been frequency tuned using a variety of techniques including thermal tuning, piezoelectric tuning,2 and pumpdiode modulation.3 Each of these techniques provides frequency modulation at low excursion rates and has advantages for a given set of applications. However, for applications including frequency-modulated optical communications and chirped coherent laser radar, extremely high rates of tuning are required. These rates can only be achieved electro-optically.4 Composite-cavity electro-optically tuned microchip lasers provide linear voltage-to-frequency conversion with constant-, high-sensitivity tuning at rates from dc to several gigahertz. This, coupled with their simplicity, small size, robustness, high mode quality, and potential for low-cost mass production, should make them attractive for a large range of applications.
The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

Background In the era following the publication of results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial / Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study, care for patients with type 1 diabetes has dramatically improved. Objective/methods The present review specifically focused on the epidemiology of cardiovascular complications among adults with type 1 diabetes, summarizing evidence on the prevalence, incidence, mortality, as well as on predictors of cardiovascular disease in this population. The review covered papers published until December 2015. Conclusion Despite these significant advancements in knowledge regarding the management of this chronic disease, however, individuals with type 1 diabetes continue to experience increased morbidity and mortality compared to the general population.
Mobile robots as remote sensors for spatial point process models

Spatial point process models are a commonly-used statistical tool for studying the distribution of objects of interest in a domain. We study the problem of deploying mobile robots as remote sensors to estimate the parameters of such a model, in particular the intensity parameter λ which measures the mean density of points in a Poisson point process. This problem requires covering an appropriately large section of the domain while avoiding the objects, which we treat as obstacles. We develop a control law that covers an expanding section of the domain and an online criterion for determining when to stop sampling, i.e., when the covered area is large enough to achieve a desired level of estimation accuracy, and illustrate the resulting system with numerical simulations.
Phase 2 study of low-dose clofarabine plus cytarabine for patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome who have relapsed or are refractory to hypomethylating agents.

BACKGROUND The outcome of patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) after hypomethylating agent (HMA) failure is poor. This study evaluated the safety and activity of a combination of low-dose clofarabine and cytarabine for these patients. METHODS Seventy patients with higher-risk MDS who had no response, progressed, or relapsed after at least 4 cycles of HMA therapy were treated. RESULTS The median age was 72 years. Thirty-nine percent of the patients had high-risk disease according to the International Prognostic Scoring System, and 50% of the patients had poor-risk cytogenetics. Twenty-three percent of the patients had therapy-related MDS. The median number of prior cycles of HMA was 6 (range, 4-45). The overall response rate was 44%. The 6-week mortality rate was 9%. Grade 3 and higher nonhematologic toxicities were rare, but infections occurred in 52% of the patients, and fever of unknown origin occurred in 33%. The median overall survival (OS) was 10 months (95% confidence interval, 1-37 months). Thirteen percent of the patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The responding patients had a median OS of 22 months, whereas the nonresponding patients had a median OS of 4 months. A complex karyotype was associated with worse response rates and OS. CONCLUSIONS The combination of low-dose clofarabine and cytarabine is clinically active in these patients with few treatment options. Cancer 2017;123:629–637. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
MCNPTM simulations for identifying environmental contaminants using prompt gamma rays from thermal neutron capture reactions

Abstract The primary purpose of the Multispectral Neutron Logging (MSN) project was to assess the effectiveness of existing neutron-induced spectral gamma-ray logging techniques for identifying environmental contaminants along boreholes, to further improve the technology, and to transfer that technology to industry (Conaway and Frankle, 1993). The logging instrument incorporated a pulsed 14 MeV neutron source and HPGe detector. Gamma-ray spectra from thermal neutron capture reactions were used to identify contaminants in the borehole environment. This type of technique complements physical sampling and is useful in environmental restoration projects where characterization of contaminated sites is required and long-term monitoring may be needed. We used an enhanced version of the Monte Carlo N-Particle computer code (MCNPTM) to investigate many more potential contaminants than could be accomplished experimentally. MCNP was tested and benchmarked with experimental data for Cl provided by our collaborators (Myers, 1988; Frankle, 1994) and experimental data for Cl, Cd, Sm, Gd and Hg obtained as part of this project (Conaway and Duray, 1994). A number of enhancements were developed for MCNP as a result of this project, some of which will be part of the next major code release. The results from the benchmarking effort, estimates of minimum detection thresholds for our instrument based on MCNP simulations, and some of the MCNP code enhancements will be discussed.
Trafficking receptor signatures define blood plasmablasts responding to tissue-specific immune challenge

Antibody-secreting cells are generated in regional lymphoid tissues and traffic as plasmablasts (PBs) via lymph and blood to target sites for local immunity. We used multiparameter flow cytometry to define PB trafficking programs (TPs, combinations of adhesion molecules and chemoattractant receptors) and their imprinting in patients in response to localized infection or immune insults. TPs enriched after infection or autoimmune inflammation of mucosae correlate with sites of immune response or symptoms, with different TPs imprinted during small intestinal, colon, throat, and upper respiratory immune challenge. PBs induced after intramuscular or intradermal influenza vaccination, including flu-specific antibody-secreting cells, display TPs characterized by the lack of mucosal homing receptors. PBs of healthy donors display diverse mucosa-associated TPs, consistent with homeostatic immune activity. Identification of TP signatures of PBs may facilitate noninvasive monitoring of organ-specific immune responses.
Waxing and Waning of a Cotton Rat (Sigmodon toltecus) Monoculture in Early Tropical Restoration

As part of an experimental restoration of seed-dispersal processes in a fragmented agricultural landscape, we recorded rodent colonization of fenced plots in active cattle pasture over 10 years. Th...
Effects of Pheromone Trap Design and Placement on Capture of Male Cydia caryana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) in Alabama Pecan Orchards and the Relationship of Trap Captures to Fruit Infestation

The Pherocon Ic trap captured the greatest number of Cydia caryana (Fitch) adult males and all trap designs appeared to represent population trends equally well. Pooled data from all trap height experiments indicate that traps placed 9.14 m above the orchard floor captured significantly more adult males than those placed at 4.57 m height. Horizontal placement of traps within the tree canopy indicated a significantly greater capture in the central portion of the canopy than at other locations. Correlations between the total capture of male adults and the rate of fruit infestation were not significant.
In vitro head-to-head comparison of the durability, versatility and efficacy of the NGage and novel Dakota stone retrieval baskets

Background: To compare head to head two end-engaging nitinol stone retrieval devices available to urologists, in terms of durability, versatility and efficacy. Methods: For durability testing, 30 NGage and Dakota baskets were cycled 20 times between grasping and releasing synthetic stone models and evaluated for damage or device failure. For versatility and efficacy testing, baskets were assessed in their ability to capture and release stone models from 1 to 11 mm. Each stone was raised above the capture site and the basket was opened to passively release the stone. If the stone did not release, the basket handle was shaken and the OpenSure feature employed if needed. Manual release was used as a last resort. Results: Durability—the Cook NGage demonstrated a statistically significant increased rate of visible device breakdown (P=0.0046) in 8 of 30 (26.7%) devices vs. 0 of 30 Dakota devices, with mean damage at 13.5 cycles. Versatility and efficacy—both 8 mm baskets successfully captured stones from 1–8 mm. The Dakota more effectively released 7–8 mm stones (P Conclusions: Both baskets showed similar durability characteristics. The Dakota basket more effectively captured and released stones over 7 mm, as compared to the NGage basket. The OpenSure aspect conferred an advantage in handling and release of larger stones. These in vitro results demonstrate potential versatility, durability and efficacy of the Dakota basket.
Identification and characterization of monoclonal antibodies suitable for development of influenza A vaccine seed virus (VAC11P.1101)

The seed viruses for influenza A vaccine production are high-yield (hy) reassortant viruses generated in embryonated chicken eggs by reassorting wild type (wt) viruses with a hy donor virus, A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8). Currently, reassortants with wt hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are selected for growth by using polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) against PR8. The efficiency and reproducibility of reassortment will be greatly enhanced with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which not only provide high specificity against PR8 but could also be prepared as defined reagents with guaranteed activity in unlimited quantities. In this study, from a panel of hybridoma clones prepared against PR8 surface glycoproteins, we found four HA specific mAbs with complete neutralization of PR8 virus in an in vitro plaque inhibition assay, which are designated as mAb-1B3, mAb-1H6, mAb-2A6, and mAb-2D11. All four mAbs have been shown highly specific in both in vitro and in ovo neutralization activity to PR8. Furthermore the epitopes of all four mAbs were mapped to the area around the receptor binding site (RBS) at the membrane-distal tip of HA. Their epitopes are composed of four regions of HA residues 158-172, 183-197, 208-222, and 253-267 (H1 numbering with signal sequence). The HA residues 158-172 and 253-267 are two common regions for all four mAbs, while residues 183-197 is specific for mAb-1H6 and mAb-2A6, and residues 208-222 is specific for mAb-2D11.
Science with a Soul: James Freeman Clarke and the Promise of Mesmerism

From the 1840s through to the end of his life in 1888, James Freeman Clarke’s influence permeated newspapers, churches, and lecture halls in Boston. A graduate of Harvard Divinity School, Clarke was an educated and active participant in his community and a respected voice amongst Boston intellectuals. At a time when sciences of the mind were rapidly expanding, Clarke neither ceded authority nor turned a blind eye. Instead, he studied emerging psychologies himself, approaching them as ways to enhance his understanding of the human being—body, soul, and spirit. In his private writings, including journals and letters, Clarke discusses his applications of experimental science, and he appears especially enthusiastic about mesmerism. However, from the pulpit and the lectern, Clarke was almost silent on the topic. This article examines Clarke’s private letters, journals, and sermon notes, accessed in the archives at the Massachusetts Historical Society, for evidence of the role mesmerism played in Clarke’s relig...
Glomerular disease augments kidney accumulation of synthetic anionic polymers

Abstract Polymeric drug carriers can alter the pharmacokinetics of their drug cargoes, thereby improving drug therapeutic index and reducing side effects. Understanding and controlling polymer properties that drive tissue-specific accumulation is critical in engineering targeted drug delivery systems. For kidney disease applications, targeted drug delivery to renal cells that reside beyond the charge- and size-selective glomerular filtration barrier could have clinical potential. However, there are limited reports on polymer properties that might enhance kidney accumulation. Here, we studied the effects of molecular weight and charge on the in vivo kidney accumulation of polymers in health and disease. We synthesized a panel of well-defined polymers by atom transfer radical polymerization to answer several questions. First, the biodistribution of low molecular weight (23–27 kDa) polymers composed of various ratios of neutral:anionic monomers (1:0, 1:1, 1:4) in normal mice was determined. Then, highly anionic (1:4 monomer ratio) low molecular and high molecular weight (47 kDa) polymers were tested in both normal and experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) mice, a model that results in loss of glomerular filtration selectivity. Through these studies, we observed that kidney-specific polymer accumulation increases with anionic monomer content, but not molecular weight; experimental FSGS increases kidney accumulation of anionic polymers; and anionic polymers accumulate predominantly in proximal tubule cells, with some distribution in kidney glomeruli . These findings can be applied to the design of polymeric drug carriers to enhance or mitigate kidney accumulation.
The Effect of Televised Legislatures on the Output of Legislation

Critics charge that televised legislative sessions become studios for political campaigning. Normal legislative business cannot proceed as usual. Senator Russell Long and others used this argument to kill 1984 legislation that would have allowed live television and radio broadcasts of the U.S. Senate.1 This argument sounds sensible, but exactly how does television change legislative proceedings? This chapter analyzes this question. The U.S. Senate began live broadcasts of its sessions in 1986, and over half of the state legislatures have implemented television. If television distorts normal legislative operations, distortions are all around us.
Alternative therapies for chronic refractory coronary artery disease

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) appears to be well embedded into the American culture [1]. This phenomenon, coupled with the explosive growth of the Internet, has provided patients and consumers dramatically increased access to information about a variety of alternative treatments that were relatively unheard of a decade or two ago. Most studies suggest that at least 40% of US adults have used some form of CAM in the past year. Interest in CAM is particularly high in those patients who are facing chronic illnesses, and patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) are no exception.
School Integration in the New Jim Crow: Opportunity or Oxymoron?:

In this article, I consider the limitations of school integration research that overlooks Black research perspectives, White policy interests, and the paradox of race in the New Jim Crow—America’s ...
MRI-TRUS fusion-guided biopsy in obese patients: Does it reduce risk of prostate cancer upgrade on final pathology compared to systematic 12-core biopsy?

110Background: Epidemiologic data suggests a link between obesity and increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, the accurate detection of prostate cancer is paramount in obese ...
Complexity, self-organization and selection

Recent work on self organization promises an explanation of complex order which is independent of adaptation. Self-organizing systems are complex systems of simple units, projecting order as a consequence of localized and generally nonlinear interactions between these units. Stuart Kauffman offers one variation on the theme of self-organization, offering what he calls a ``statistical mechanics'' for complex systems. This paper explores the explanatory strategies deployed in this ``statistical mechanics,'' initially focusing on the autonomy of statistical explanation as it applies in evolutionary settings and then turning to Kauffman's analysis. Two primary morals emerge as a consequence of this examination: first, the view that adaptation and self-organization should be seen as competing theories or models is misleading and simplistic; and second, while we need a synthesis treating self-organization and adaptation as geared toward different problems, at different levels of organization, and deploying different methods, we do not yet have such a synthesis.
Super-Resolution Optical Lithography with DNA

We developed an efficient, versatile, and accessible super-resolution microscopy method to construct a nanoparticle assembly at a spatial resolution below the optical diffraction limit. The method utilizes DNA and a photoactivated DNA cross-linker. Super-resolution optical techniques have been used only as a means to make measurements below the light diffraction limit. Furthermore, no optical technique is currently available to construct nanoparticle assemblies with a precisely designed shape and internal structure at a resolution of a few tens of nanometers (nm). Here we demonstrate that we can fulfill this deficiency by utilizing spontaneous structural dynamics of DNA hairpins combined with single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) microscopy and a photoactivated DNA cross-linker. The stochastic fluorescence blinking due to the spontaneous folding and unfolding motions of DNA hairpins enables us to precisely localize a folded hairpin and solidify it only when it is within a predesigned target area whose size is below the diffraction limit. As the method is based on an optical microscope and an easily clickable DNA cross-linking reagent, it will provide an efficient means to create large nanoparticle assemblies with a shape and internal structure at an optical super-resolution, opening a wide window of opportunities toward investigating their photophysical and optoelectronic properties and developing novel devices.
Automation for Safety and Precision in Flight Testing

Abstract. The first flight of any new aircraft remains a potentially dangerous event. Test pilots face many unknowns when a prototype leaves the ground for the first time. In a time when remotely p...
The “Iron Law of Paternalism” in Employee Grievances and Arbitration? A Comparison of Disciplinary and Nondisciplinary Cases

In the criminology literature, the “iron law of paternalism” suggests that women receive less serious sanctions in the judicial system. This examination of three years of grievance outcomes (n= 1216) and arbitration outcomes (n= 1146) tests this “iron law” in the context of organizational disciplinary and dispute resolutions. These data, across several levels of outcomes (win, lose, compromise), controlling for the severity of grievances (disciplinary/nondisciplinary) and arbitrations (termination/nontermination) provide no support for the paternalistic thesis. Moreover, we find no support for the paternalistic thesis with regard to either the incidence or length of suspensions as a function of gender.
Thiocarbonyl, thiocarbyne and thiocarbene complexes of tungsten

83 INTRODUCTION 84 EXPERIMENTAL 86 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 98 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 112 REFERENCES 113 SECTION IV. THERMAL AND PHOTOLYTIC PROMOTION OF A116 THIOLATE (RS") MIGRATION IN [HB(pz)3] (CO)2W[Ti2-C(SR)2 (SR) ] TO GIVE CARBYNE COMPLEXES [HB(pz)3](RS)2W=C-SR ABSTRACT 117 INTRODUCTION 118 EXPERIMENTAL 120 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 128 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 144 REFERENCES 145 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 149117 INTRODUCTION 118 EXPERIMENTAL 120 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 128 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 144 REFERENCES 145 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 149
Basmati Rice Production and Research in Pakistan

Basmati is a special type of rice with long, slender grains having a specific smell of aroma. Historical and scientific evidences clearly show that traditional basmati quality is ecologic specific in terms of climatic and edaphic characteristics and can only be achieved when basmati cultivars are grown in the traditional basmati area locally named as ‘kallar tract’ of Punjab province of Pakistan and explicit areas of India. Pakistan earns about 2 billion US$ through its export annually. Since establishment of explicit rice research station in 1926, twenty seven (27) basmati rice varieties have been released for Basmati rice growers of Pakistan. First ever basmati variety ‘Basmati 370’ was released in 1933 for rice farming by Rice Farm, Kala Shah Kaku (now Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku). This basmati variety “Basmati 370” has been utilized as mother variety of almost all basmati varieties released hereafter. In 1968, another famous basmati variety ‘Basmati Pak’ with extra-long grain length was released by Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku using Basmati 370 as parent variety through conventional hybridization technique. The world’s famous ‘Super Basmati’ rice variety was released in 1996 by RRI KSK; that is still famous in international market due to its exceptional cooking quality. Super Basmati is also a famous cultivar among basmati growers in Pakistan due to its export price, agro-physiological traits and unwavering yield returns. Strenuous research efforts resulted in drastic increase in yield potential from 3.0 t/ha to 7.5 t/ha, reduction in plant height from 170 cm to 115 cm, increase in grain length from 6.5 mm to 8.1 mm and reduction in maturity period from 130 days to 98 days. Modern molecular breeding approaches were also deployed for development of new basmati rice varieties having tolerance for biotic (bacterial leaf blight) and abiotic (drought, submergence and salinity) stresses. Development of basmati hybrids is one of major research emphases these days in basmati research & Development. So far, a number of cytoplasmic male strile (CMS) lines, restorers and maintainers have been developed in basmati background for evolving basmati hybrids.
Protonation states in SARS-CoV-2 main protease mapped by neutron crystallography

Abstract The main protease (3CL Mpro) from SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is an essential enzyme for viral replication, possessing an unusual catalytic dyad composed of His41 and Cys145. A long-standing question in the field has been what the protonation states of the ionizable residues in the substrate-binding active site cavity are. Here, we present the room-temperature neutron structure of 3CL Mpro from SARS-CoV-2, which allows direct determination of hydrogen atom positions and, hence, protonation states. The catalytic site natively adopts a zwitterionic reactive state where His41 is doubly protonated and positively charged, and Cys145 is in the negatively charged thiolate state. The neutron structure also identified the protonation states of other amino acid residues, mapping electrical charges and intricate hydrogen bonding networks in the SARS-CoV-2 3CL Mpro active site cavity and dimer interface. This structure highlights the ability of neutron protein crystallography for experimentally determining protonation states at near-physiological temperature – the critical information for structure-assisted and computational drug design.
A Patient perspective of Complementary and Integrative Medicine (CIM) for Migraine Treatment: A social media survey

To survey persons with migraine who use social media about Complementary and Integrative Medicine (CIM) for the treatment of migraine. CIM encompasses medical treatments that are not part of but are used in concert with mainstream medicine. Between 28 and 82% of people with migraine use non-drug approaches, and approximately 50% of people with migraine do not discuss non-drug treatments with their healthcare providers (HCPs). It is important for providers to be conversant with CIM treatments and the available evidence-based data. To further this effort, people with migraine were surveyed directly through social media to identify CIM practices in which they engage. In collaboration with the American Migraine foundation (AMF) and Yakkety Yak, a digital marketing agency, we conducted a cross-sectional survey study. Participants were recruited from the Move Against Migraine (MAM) Facebook group which has 20,000+ members. The goals of the survey were to assess the attitudes toward CIM among this group, to identify which CIM modalities are being used and to determine what patients considered to be the most effective CIM modalities. While Yakkety Yak posted the survey link on the group page, the survey itself was hosted on Qualtrics, a confidential survey service. 372 MAM members (approximately 2%) responded to the questionnaire, of which 335 reported using CIM; between 114 and 139 (34–42%) found CIM modalities to be at least mildly effective. Of note, 164 (49%) reported using cannabis derivatives or cannabinoids, specifically with, 64/164 (39%) reporting that cannabis was not effective for them. This study provides an initial investigation into the demographic and practice patterns of migraine patients who use CIM. While this sampling may not reflect CIM use across all individuals with migraine, it does strongly suggest the need for better education on the role of, and evidence for, CIM among headache care providers, and the need to ask patients specifically about their use of and interest in CIM.
Public interest litigation in comparative perspective

At this conference on comparative perspectives on public interest litigation, I speak to you today as someone whose primary focus has been on the American public interest law system, and my comment...
Social Determinants of Health: the Impact of Racism on Early Childhood Mental Health

Despite increased literature on the impact of racism in the past decades, relatively few studies have focused on the effects of racism on younger children. This article reviews research from the past 5 years focusing on the impact of racism on infant and early childhood mental health and socioemotional development. Longitudinal studies provide evidence that very young children are highly influenced by exposure to multiple and interconnecting levels of racism and discrimination. These forms of exposure (structural and personally mediated, which can be further divided into direct and indirect exposure) are particularly nefarious to young children’s socioemotional development and have implications for adolescent and adult mental health with lasting sequelae. Furthermore, the effects of racism on parenting practices and maternal/caregiver mental health appear to indicate mechanisms through which racism affects young children. Although more studies are needed in this area, recent literature indicates that racism is a social determinant of health that adversely impacts infant and early childhood socioemotional, and behavioral development. Future studies should focus on understanding the mechanisms through which racism impacts early childhood development and health, and interventions to prevent and mitigate the effects of racism.
An Omics Analysis Search and Information System (OASIS) for Enabling Biological Discovery in the Old Order Amish

The "Omics Analysis Search and Information System" (OASIS), developed at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, enables discovery by allowing researchers to mine results from genome wide association studies (GWAS). When interesting signals are found, the research can immediately ask follow-up questions and get answers in real-time. OASIS provides this unique capability with a web-based, scientist-friendly search system and a variety of real-time analysis tools (linkage disequilibrium calculations, conditional analysis, and direct variant comparison) plus on-demand visualizations (boxplots, histograms, LocusZoom & Haploview plots, and pedigree charts). Because OASIS uses a web-based user interface, an understanding of programming or the UNIX operating system is not required. The OASIS application has been used to enable discovery from whole-exome, whole-genome, metabolome, transcriptome and methylome association results for Old Order Amish studies at the University of Maryland School of Medicine.
The Immediate Effects of Foam Rolling and Stretching on Iliotibial Band Stiffness: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

# Background Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) is a common clinical condition likely caused by abnormal compressive forces to the iliotibial band (ITB). Stretching interventions are common in ITBS treatment and may predominantly affect tensor fascia latae (TFL). Another ITBS treatment is foam rolling, which may more directly affect the ITB. Shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWUE) measures real-time soft tissue stiffness, allowing tissue changes to be measured and compared. # Purpose To examine effects of foam rolling and iliotibial complex stretching on ITB stiffness at 0˚ and 10˚ of hip adduction and hip adduction passive range of motion (PROM). # Study Design Randomized controlled trial. # Methods Data from 11 males (age = 30.5 ± 9.0 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) = 27.8 ± 4.0) and 19 females (age = 23.5 ± 4.9, BMI = 23.2 ± 2.1) were analyzed for this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, stretching, and foam rolling. Shear wave ultrasound elastography measurements included ITB Young’s modulus at the mid-thigh, the distal femur and the TFL muscle belly. ITB-to-femur depth was measured at mid-thigh level. Hip adduction PROM was measured from digital images taken during the movement. # Results No significant interactions or main effects were found for group or time differences in ITB Young’s modulus at the three measured locations. The ITB stiffness at the mid-thigh and distal femur increased with 10° adduction, but TFL stiffness did not increase. A main effect for adduction PROM was observed, where PROM increased 0.8˚ post-treatment (p = 0.02). # Conclusion A single episode of stretching and foam rolling does not affect short-term ITB stiffness. The lack of ITB stiffness changes may be from an inadequate intervention stimulus or indicate that the interventions have no impact on ITB stiffness. # Levels of Evidence 1b
Short-Term Sleep Fragmentation Dysregulates Autophagy in a Brain Region-Specific Manner

In this study, we investigated autophagy, glial activation status, and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling in the brains of mice after 5 days of sleep fragmentation (SF). Three different brain regions including the striatum, hippocampus, and frontal cortex were selected for examination based on roles in sleep regulation and sensitivity to sleep disruption. For autophagy, we monitored the levels of various autophagic induction markers including beclin1, LC3II, and p62 as well as the levels of lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 and 2 (LAMP1/2) and the transcription factor EB (TFEB) which are critical for lysosome function and autophagy maturation stage. For the status of microglia and astrocytes, we determined the levels of Iba1 and GFAP in these brain regions. We also measured the levels of CRF and its cognate receptors 1 and 2 (CRFR1/2). Our results showed that 5 days of SF dysregulated autophagy in the striatum and hippocampus but not in the frontal cortex. Additionally, 5 days of SF activated microglia in the striatum but not in the hippocampus or frontal cortex. In the striatum, CRFR2 but not CRFR1 was significantly increased in SF-experienced mice. CRF did not alter its mRNA levels in any of the three brain regions assessed. Our findings revealed that autophagy processes are sensitive to short-term SF in a region-specific manner and suggest that autophagy dysregulation may be a primary initiator for brain changes and functional impairments in the context of sleep disturbances and disorders.
A Portfolio Choice Problem Under Risk Capacity Constraint.

This paper studies an optimal investing problem for a retiree facing longevity risk and living standard risk. We formulate the investing problem as a portfolio choice problem under a time-varying risk capacity constraint. We derive the optimal investment strategy under the specific condition on model parameters in terms of second-order ordinary differential equations. We demonstrate an endogenous number that measures the expected value to sustain the spending post-retirement. The optimal portfolio is nearly neutral to the stock market movement if the portfolio's value is higher than this number; but, if the portfolio is not worth enough to sustain the retirement spending, the retiree actively invests in the stock market for the higher expected return. Besides, we solve an optimal portfolio choice problem under a leverage constraint and show that the optimal portfolio would lose significantly in stressed markets. This paper shows that the time-varying risk capacity constraint has important implications for asset allocation in retirement.
Nonfiction Strategies That Work: Do This--Not That!

1 Select and instruct nonfiction support strategies with purpose 2 Provide students with a range of scaffolds for effective summary writing 3 Implement quality, differentiated nonfiction texts to teach language arts standards 4 Purposely select and study vocabulary words to support nonfiction reading 5 Work with content area colleagues to select nonfiction topics that cross the curriculum 6 Work with students to develop strategies to cite evidence when working with all texts 7 Create and scaffold varied and interesting nonfiction writing assignments that range from informal to formal, depending on purpose 8 Use text structure as both a reading and writing tool to assist students in analyzing any nonfiction text 9 Encourage independent reading of nonfiction texts as part of balanced self-selected reading diet 10 Use nonfiction for active comprehension strategies like Readers' Theatre, Tableaux and Character Walks
A Phenomenological Investigation of Information and Communications Technology at a Public Sector Enterprise in India

This paper applies the method of “phenomenology” to a comprehensive study of information and communications technology (ICT) deployment at one of the largest government sector banks in India. The efficacy of the phenomenological approach for academic investigation of global ICT issues is argued in this paper. The study finds that the emerging architecture of ICT strategy in this corporation contains five dimensions. In declining order of their importance, these dimensions are (1) organizational ICT culture, (2) organizational politics, (3) organizational sociology (4) economics of ICT, and (5) ICT infrastructure. The significance of these findings is discussed in the paper and an extended note on the methodology of phenomenology is included. The ranking of ICT strategy dimensions and demystification of phenomenology are the contributions of this research to the Information Systems discipline.
Individualistic and Collectivist Values in Business: A Retail Management Perspective in Privatizing Economies

The globalization and intensification of competition in markets have generated considerable interest in those factors affecting business performance. Among those factors, managers’ values and attitudes are important because they affect their perceptions of the world, which in turn determine the formulation of their marketing strategy. An increasing body of research identifies individualistic and collectivist values as domains which have an important impact on business behavior. However, there is insufficient understanding of the specific ways in which individualistic and collectivist values influence marketing managers. The purpose of this paper is to offer a conceptual discussion of the relative influence of managers’ individualistic versus collectivist values on business practice, in the context of the privatizing economies in Central and Eastern Europe. The dynamics of the social and economic changes of transition have created a context in which traditional collectivist value systems coexist with new entrepreneurial values of a more individualistic nature. This situation makes privatizing countries ideal research laboratories for comparing marketing practices used by managers with different values and attitudes.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid on the t RNA Methylase Activity of Barley Aleurone Cells

In barley endosperm, gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment causes enhanced synthesis of RNA (Chandra and Varner, 1965; Chandra and Duynstee, 1968). In addition, there appears to be a need for a continuous synthesis of RNA (Chrispeels and Varner, 1967 a,b) to support the hormone-evoked synthesis of alpha-amylase (Varner and Chandra, 1964; Filner and Varner, 1967). Whether or not special kinds of RNA’s are synthesized in response to the hormone is still an open question. Recently, we (Chandra and Duynstee, 1971) reported that the in vivo methylation of the purine residues of the t- and h-r RNA is enhanced in the tissue treated with GA3. L-Ethionine inhibited the incorporation of (Me-14C) methionine into RNA, altered the incorporation of (5-3H) uridine into RNA’s and decreased the specific activity of (UL-14C) tyrosine labeled alpha-amylase. These results suggest that the methylation of nucleic acids is important for the hormone-evoked synthesis of alpha-amylase. In this communication, I present evidence that enzyme preparations from hormone-treated tissue have enhanced capacity to transfer methyl groups of (Me-14C) S-adenosyl-L-methionine into heterologous t RNA.
Someone to watch over me: The integration of privacy and corporate social responsibility

Abstract Firms’ relationships with key stakeholders are increasingly threatened by privacy concerns. Given the role of firm corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in strengthening and enhancing these relationships, this article examines the intersection between privacy issues and CSR activities, and creates a framework for assessing privacy-related activities as an element of broader CSR strategy. Specifically, the present research considers a firm versus customer focus in privacy-related activities, as well as privacy-related activities in the form of business practices versus goods and services. We identify four areas of overlap between CSR and privacy. We highlight the potential opportunities to better manage privacy-related issues of stakeholders, and integrate these concerns into the broader CSR agenda.
Correlation of Red Mud Consolidation with its Soil Properties

Consolidation tests of red muds from various bauxites allow the prediction of the extent of settlement in a mud lake and the rate of consolidation. Differences in the consolidation properties have been shown to correlate with the moisture contents at which the various muds change from a liquid to a plastic state, as indicated by the Atterberg Liquid and Plastic Limits.
KCNQ and ERG channels control the rate of diastolic depolarization and electrical pacemaking frequency in lymphatic muscle (666.3)

The spontaneous contractions of lymphatic muscle cells are critical for propulsion of lymph. We investigated the ionic basis of pacemaking in the muscle layer of pressurized rat mesentery and mouse...
Groups acting on quasiconvex spaces and translation numbers

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.
Detrital zircon and isotopic constraints on the crustal architecture and tectonic evolution of the northeastern Pamir

[1] New detrital zircon and isotopic (Nd and Sr) analyses from the eastern Pamir provide information on the depositional age and tectonic terrane affiliation of regional metamorphic terranes. Our results show the following. First, detrital zircon analyses from metasedimentary units along the Kongur Shan extensional system dominantly yield Triassic maximum depositional ages, with a similar age distribution to the Tibetan Songpan-Ganzi terrane. Further, zircon analyses from quartzofeldspathic gneisses in the core of the Muztaghata massif show the protoliths are Triassic granites. These units are interpreted to be part of the Permian-Triassic Karakul-Mazar arc-accretionary complex terrane. Second, eNd(0) compositions of Triassic granites overlap with other metasedimentary units not analyzed for detrital zircons and are also interpreted to be part of the Karakul-Mazar terrane. Third, schists in the Sares-Muztaghata gneiss dome structurally above Triassic orthogneisses yield an Ordovician maximum depositional age with a distinct detrital age distribution similar to the Tibetan Qiangtang terrane and are interpreted to be part of the Central Pamir terrane. Finally, Triassic and Ordovician schists along the Muztaghata massif record an Early Jurassic metamorphic event interpreted to date south-directed subduction of the Karakul-Mazar terrane beneath the Central Pamir during final closure of the Paleo-Tethys. These results, integrated with previously published results and field relations, reveal a complex Mesozoic to Cenozoic interleaving of tectonic terranes in the eastern Pamir with emplacement of the Karakul Mazar terrane both above and below the Kunlun and Central Pamir terranes to the north and south, respectively.
Response of the prairie–forest border to climate change: impacts of increasing drought may be mitigated by increasing CO2

Summary 1.Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak) is the dominant tree species along much of the prairie–forest border in the northern-central United States, and movement of Q. macrocarpa in response to climate change may determine the rate at which the prairie–forest ecotone shifts. To investigate likely controls over Q. macrocarpa performance at the edge of its range, we used tree rings to establish the links between drought, growth-rate and mortality for three sites spanning the prairie–forest border in Minnesota. 2.Quercus macrocarpa growth during the 20th century correlates strongly with the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and more weakly with raw temperature and precipitation values for all three sites. However, the sensitivity of annual growth rates to drought has steadily declined over time as evidenced by increasing growth residuals and higher growth rates for a given PDSI value after 1950 compared with the first half of the century. We hypothesize that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration may lead to increased water-use efficiency, although we cannot rule out other environmental factors. 3. Because growth is an excellent predictor of Q. macrocarpa mortality, growth–climate relationships provide information on whether oak forests will contract, because of individual tree death, when climate changes. For Q. macrocarpa, declining sensitivity of growth to drought translates into lower predicted mortality rates at all sites. At one site, declining moisture sensitivity yields a 49% lower predicted mortality from a severe drought (PDSI = −8, on par with the worst 1930s ‘American Dust Bowl’ droughts in our study region). 4. Unless the changing relationship between growth and climate is incorporated into forest simulation models, the predicted rate of established tree dieback in a warmer, drier climate may be exaggerated. 5.Synthesis. Adult Quercus macrocarpa trees appear to be increasingly insensitive to drought-induced mortality. Because the species is dominant at the prairie–forest ecotone in the northern-central United States, movement of the ecotone in response to climate change may be delayed for decades.
Telemetered Recording of Hormone Effects on Hippocampal Neurons

Frequency-modulated telemetry was used to record the effects of hormones on single-unit activity in the brains of freely moving rats. Corticosterone decreased unit activity in the dorsal hippocampus. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone had the opposite effect.
Inequality and Market Failure

We argue that market failure is a major and growing source of income inequality in the United States and in liberal market economies (LMEs) more generally. This market failure takes the form of occ...
Comparison of semiconductor technologies used in display fabrication

There are a number of semiconductor materials that have been brought to bear on the display market. Several technologies are actively being pursued to fabricate active matrix liquid crystal displays, including Amorphous silicon (a-Si), Polysilicon (p-Si), Single Crystal silicon (x- Si), and Cadmium Selenide (CdSe). A comparison is made between the various technologies to assess their relative suitability for avionics displays.
Electrophoretic isolation of circumoval precipitins in the serum of individuals infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

Summary Sera from humans infected with Schistosoma mansoni and from non-infected controls were fractionated by continuous flow paper curtain electrophoresis. The circumoval precipitin test was performed on all fractions obtained. It was observed that the circumoval precipitin antibody present in the blood sera of individuals infected with Schistosoma mansoni is located in the gamma- 1-globulin fraction. The other fractions, i.e., albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta and gamma- 2 were negative for circumoval precipitins.
Characterization of ion channels in the plasma membrane of epidermal cells of expanding pea (Pisum sativum arg) leaves.

Ion channels in isolated patches of the plasma membrane of pea (Pisum sativum arg) epidermal cells were studied with the patch-clamp technique. One anion and one cation channel were dominantly present in most trials. The anion channel conducts nitrate, halides and malate, with a conductance in symmetrical 100 mm Cl− of 300 pS and can be blocked by SITS when applied to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The cation channel poorly discriminates between potassium, sodium and lithium, is not blocked by either TEA or Ba2+, and has a conductance of 35 pS in symmetrical 100 mm K+. The open probability of the cation channel increases with increase of the Ca2+ concentration on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane from 0.1 to 1 μm. The possible role of these two channels in the physiology of epidermal cells is discussed.