cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunological difference between glucose-6-P dehydrogenase and hexose-6-P dehydrogenase from human liver.

SHAW and Barto1 have demonstrated the presence of an autosomally inherited glucose-6-P dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the deer mouse. Subsequently, Ohno et al.2 found a similar enzyme in trout and showed that this enzyme and the autosomally inherited mouse enzyme differed from the sex-linked G6PD in possessing marked catalytic activity with galactose-6-P. This autosomally inherited G6PD was therefore named hexose-6-P dehydrogenase (H6PD)2,3. It was shown to oxidize glucose-6-P, galactose-6-P, mannose-6-P and 2-deoxy glucose-6-P with a Km of the order of 10−5 M. It also oxidizes glucose with a Km of 0.7 M3. It appears to be identical to the so-called “glucose dehydrogenase”. The enzyme utilizes both NAD and NADP and is microsome-bound. G6PD is localized in the soluble fraction of the cells of various tissues. Although it has been shown that two dehydrogenases from liver have different substrate specificity, molecular weight and elec-trophoretic mobility3,4, it has been suggested that the two enzymes are merely isozymes and they might be interconvertible5–7. We have now partially purified the two enzymes from human liver and show that they have different immunological properties.
Solvophoresis of latex

Abstract A novel effect, termed solvophoresis, that describes the motion of dispersed particles caused by a gradient in solvent composition is reported. Specifically, it is shown that the boundary of an aqueous polystyrene latex dispersion with another miscible liquid shifts in a direction that depends on the nature of the liquid and on the ionic strength. The phenomenon is explained in terms of the change in the solvation of the particles, which is affected by the diffusion of the solvent molecules into the aqueous phase, thus creating a gradient in the composition of the miscible liquids.
Electrodynamic Properties of Baryons in the Unitary Symmetry Scheme

Gell-Mann(1) recently introduced a theory of the components of strong interactions involving a new symmetry, called "unitary symmetry." The principal purpose of this note is to use this symmetry to express the magnetic moments of all the baryons in terms of those of the neutron and proton. We also derive a relation among baryon electromagnetic mass splittings.
Reduced temporal lobe blood flow in Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract We used single photon emission computed tomography with the blood flow tracer [ 123 I ]N- isopropyl P- iodoamphetamine (IMP) to study regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 50 mildly and moderately demented Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients to evaluate rCBF as a function of disease severity. Relative rCBF (normalized to occipital cortex) was significantly lower than controls in temporal cortex for both mildly and moderately demented patients. Similar numbers of patients in both groups demonstrated perfusion abnormalities in temporal neocortex. Parietal cortex was more variably involved with greater numbers of moderately than mildly demented patients showing perfusion abnormalities. Relative rCBF in dirsolateral frontal cortex was reduced only in the moderately demented patients. Disease severity, as measured by the Mini Mental Status Examination, was associated with relative rCBF only in dorsolateral frontal and parietal cortex. These results suggest that the temporal lobes are the first neocortical regions affected by AD and that other cortical areas become involved as the disease progresses.
Three-dimensional asymptotic stress fields at the front of a trimaterial junction

Abstract A recently developed eigenfunction expansion method is employed for obtaining three-dimensional asymptotic displacement and stress fields in the vicinity of the junction corner front of an infinite pie-shaped trimaterial wedge, of finite thickness, formed as a result of bimaterial (matrix plus reaction product or contaminant) deposit over a substrate or reinforcement. The wedge is subjected to extension/bending (mode I), inplane shear/twisting (mode II) and antiplane shear (mode III) far field loading. Each material is isotropic and elastic, but with different material properties. The material 2 (substrate) is always taken to be a half-space, while the wedge aperture angle of the material 1 is varied to represent varying composition of the bimaterial deposit. Numerical results pertaining to the variation of the mode I, II, III eigenvalues (or stress singularities) with various moduli ratios as well as the wedge aperture angle of the material 1 (reaction product/contaminant), are also presented. Hitherto unavailable results, pertaining to the through-thickness variations of stress intensity factors for symmetric exponentially decaying distributed load and its skew-symmetric counterpart that also satisfy the boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the trimaterial plates under investigation, bridge a longstanding gap in the stress singularity/interfacial fracture mechanics literature.
Component-oriented version management for hardware software co-design

Nowadays, the development of modern computing devices involves a substantial and growing part of software development. A great challenge for engineers is to manage the evolution of a system with several components in the face of mounting complexity due to concurrent hardware and software development. This paper presents our preliminary research results on a novel component-oriented version management mechanism that is capable of versioning the underlying logical contents of components in system design models and associated software artifacts in a cohesive manner. We have applied this approach to create a prototype of a versioning system for hardware software co-design.
Reversal of organophosphate-induced muscle block by neomycin

The organophosphate, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and the aminoglycoside antibiotic, neomycin, both independently block neuromuscular transmission. At the neuromuscular junction, neomycin reduces the presynaptic release of acetylcholine, whereas diisopropyl fluorophosphate irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase, thereby increasing the acetylcholine concentration. In the rat diaphragm preparation, the block in neuromuscular transmission caused by diisopropyl fluorophosphate could be reversed by adding neomycin.
Conservation laws in elasticity of the J-integral type

Conservation laws which are expressible as functionals linear in the strain energy and its derivatives are laws of the same type as theJ-integral. For finite elastic deformations of homogeneous bodies, relations between the conservation laws are shown through the use of inverse deformation results. Completeness of the laws are established for homogeneous materials and for materials whose strain energies satisfy objectivity, isotropy, or are homogeneous functions. Laws for a class of membranes inflated by pressure are derived and applied to a cylindrical membrane. For infinitesimal deformations of linear elastic bodies, new laws which relate two independent equilibrium states are presented and applied to the problem of a line crack in a plate under mixed-mode loading conditions. A relation is shown to exist between theJ-integral and the reciprocal work theroem of Betti.
Sediment-associated reactions of aromatic amines. 1. Elucidation of sorption mechanisms.

Sorption of aromatic amines to sediments and soils can occur by both reversible physical processes and irreversible chemical processes. To elucidate the significance of these sorption pathways, the sorption kinetics of aniline and pyridine were studied in resaturated pond sediment. Aniline and pyridine behaved quite differently in the sediment−water systems. The sorption kinetics of pyridine were quite fast, reaching equilibrium within 1−2 h. In contrast, the sorption kinetics of aniline were characterized by a rapid initial loss of aniline from the aqueous phase followed by a much slower rate of disappearance. The rapid initial sorption of aniline upon respiking after an equilibration period of 200 h, and results of sorption kinetic studies as a function of substrate concentration, demonstrated that sorptive sites were not being saturated at the nominal concentration of aniline. Sequential extraction of a sediment treated with 14C-labeled pyridine and aniline suggested that pyridine was bound primarily t...
LATEX AND LATICIFER STARCH CONTENT OF DEVELOPING LEAVES OF EUPHORBIA PULCHERRIMA

Laticifer starch accumulation was compared to laticifer growth for developing leaves of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. (poinsettia). Measurements of the laticifer-specific triterpenol, cycloartenol, in latex and in whole leaf extracts were used to calculate the total latex volume in leaves of different developmental stages. Latex volume and starch concentration in the latex were used to determine total laticifer starch and to compare laticifer growth and starch synthesis. Young leaves contained the highest latex and laticifer starch contents on dry wt and leaf area bases. In older expanding leaves, laticifer growth produced an increase in total latex volume accompanied by an increase in total laticifer starch. Laticifer growth and starch accumulation stopped upon cessation of leaf expansion. Starch concentration was similar in latex from all leaves, but differed between plant organs. Thus, laticifer starch accumulation correlated with laticifer growth, but mobilization of the starch out of the laticifer was not observed in old or senescent leaves. This is evidence that laticifer starch grains function within the laticifer independently of degradation or export to other cell types. STARCH GRAINS in latex of Euphorbia differ in their metabolic processes and biophysical-biochemical properties from grains of other plant cells (Biesboer and Mahlberg, 1978; Spilatro and Mahlberg, 1985). The period of laticifer starch grain accumulation in relation to growth and development of the laticifer is unclear. If starch grain formation only occurs in the laticifer tip, then the total starch content should be established prior to the expansion phase of laticifer and organ growth, as for a leaf. In this
Coronary and uterine vascular responses to raloxifene in the sheep

Abstract Objective: We sought to determine whether raloxifene increases coronary and uterine blood flow in ovariectomized ewes. Study Design: Twelve ewes were chronically instrumented for measurement of mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, coronary blood flow, and uterine blood flow. Sheep received 17β-estradiol, Estrace, raloxifene, or KY Jelly vehicle on separate days. Results: 17β-Estradiol increased uterine blood flow from 21 ± 3 to 254 ± 36 mL/min and coronary blood flow by 21% ± 2% within 2 hours. Estrace increased uterine blood flow from 30 ± 7 to 260 ± 62 mL/min and coronary blood flow by 8% ± 4% within 3 hours. Raloxifene increased uterine blood flow from 20 ± 3 mL/min to 220 ± 53 mL/min by 6 hours and coronary blood flow by 22% ± 5% within 24 hours. To determine whether hemodynamic responses were mediated by nitric oxide, L -nitroarginine methyl ester was administered and produced an approximate 50% decrease in uterine blood flow for all 3 compounds. L -Nitroarginine methyl ester attenuated increases in coronary blood flow induced by 17β-estradiol, Estrace, and raloxifene. Conclusion: Raloxifene has significant coronary and uterine vascular effects in the ovariectomized ewe. The coronary and uterine responses are partially mediated by nitric oxide. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:521-8.)
Low On-Resistance in 4H-SiC RESURF JFETs Fabricated with Dry Process for Implantation Metal Mask

We fabricated 4H-SiC lateral JFETs with a reduced surface field (RESURF) structure, which can prevent the concentration of electric field at the edge of the gate metal [1]. Previously, we reported on the 4H-SiC RESURF JFET with a gate length (LG) of 10 μm [2]. Its specific on-resistance was 50 mΩcm2, which was still high. Therefore, a Ti/W layer was used as an ion implantation mask so as to decrease the thickness of the mask and to improve an accuracy of the device process. A RESURF JFET with the gate length (LG) of 3.0 μm was fabricated, and the specific on-resistance of 6.3 mΩcm2 was obtained. In this paper, the fabrication process and the electrical characteristics of the device are described.
Synthesis of [14C]Azodicarbonamide

[14C]Azodicarbonamide, a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 was prepared by reaction of hydrazine sulfate with potassium [14C]cyanate, followed by oxidation of the resulting biurea. The overall radiochemical yield was 57% and the specific activity of the product was 1.48 GBq/mmol (39.9 mCi/mmol). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Attributional Model of Depression A Naturalistic Extension

Hypotheses concerning attributions for success and failure in relatively depressed and nondepressed students were tested in an actual course examination situation. Depressed students relative to nondepressed ascribed their performance more to luck and less to effort in both subjective success and failure outcomes. Depressed students attributed failure more and success less to their perceived ability. Underlying dimensions of locus and stability did not distinguish depressed and non-depressed students, but the groups did differ on controllability. The implications of the results for cognitive theories of depression are discussed, and it is urged that the findings not be generalized beyond achievement situations.
Stress analysis of imperfect composite laminates with an interlaminar bonding theory

Delamination is a major damage mode in laminated composites since it can cause severe structural degradation. Based on an interlaminar shear stress continuity theory and a linear shear slip theory, a so-called Interlayer Shear Slip Theory was presented in a previous study. This theory was verified to be feasible for shearing-mode delamination analysis. However, in order to account for opening-mode delamination in laminated composites, the continuity of interlaminar normal stress and the modelling of normal separation on the composite interface should also be considered. The present study gives a complete discussion on the Interlaminar Bonding Theory. The effects of interlaminar bonding condition on the laminate deformation and stress distribution are also presented. It is concluded from numerical results that the present theory is suitable for analysis of composite laminates with imperfect interfaces.
The financial impact of a comprehensive adolecent pregnancy program on a University Hospital

This study investigated the financial impact which an adolescent pregnancy program had on one of its sponsoring agencies, the University Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT. Financial data from hospital billings and collections on the 75 teens who delivered during a 12-month period were reviewed. A comparison of the money for salaries supplied to the special program by the hospital with the amount of estimated "new" money generated for the hospital by the program yielded an income to expenditure ratio greater than two. Eighteen teens who were in the lowest self-pay category were matched to self-pay teens delivering at the same hospital who received traditional prenatal care. The hospital collection rate for teens in the special program was not significantly greater than that of the comparison group. The investment in an adolescent pregnancy program was beneficial mainly from the viewpoint of recruitment of patients who were brought into the hospital system as a result of the adolescent pregnancy program.
In Vivo Effect of Thiolutin on Cell Growth and Macromolecular Synthesis in Escherichia coli

Thiolutin reversibly inhibits growth and ribonucleic acid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is now demonstrated that, at 5 mug/ml, thiolutin rapidly inhibits all incorporation of radioactive precursors into ribonucleic acid and protein in Escherichia coli, although the incorporation of deoxythymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid continues for some time. Concentrations of thiolutin of 5 mug/ml and above are bacteriostatic and do not lead to unbalanced growth, so that cell size remains constant. The antibiotic and its inhibitory effects are easily removed by washing, whereupon macromolecular synthesis and cell division resume unimpeded. These data are consistent with reversible inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis being the primary mode of action of thiolutin in E. coli, and suggest that thiolutin may be a useful tool for studies where such reversible inhibition is required.
Self-organization of growing and decaying particles

Because of thermocapillary flow or other mechanisms, particles move in temperature and concentration gradients. In a system undergoing a first-order phase transition via nucleation and growth, such gradients are caused by particles themselves. This leads to a long-range interaction in which particles will attract or repel, depending on their growth rates. For the case of attraction, particles organize into clusters, while repelling particles form more uniform particle distributions where fluctuations are leveled out. The implications of this effect for materials processing are discussed.
Ecology and Evolution of Host‐Pathogen Interactions in Nature

Abstract: The rates of new diseases outbreaking in natural ecosystems are on the rise. Although work on pathogens in natural ecosystems always lags far behind human and agricultural systems, substantial progress has been made in understanding these interactions. This special issue presents studies across a range of natural ecosystems, including terrestrial, freshwater, and marine. Theory of host‐pathogen interactions drives the focus on questions about natural controls on epizootics in nature, the source of new variant disease strains, the nature of host resistance and parasite virulence, the effects of host species diversity on pathogen prevalence, and the speed of evolution of hosts and pathogens. Studying these interactions in nature brings us to the heart of prominent issues in the evolution and maintenance of biodiversity. These studies pinpoint future priorities in understanding natural dynamics of host resistance and pathogen virulence and factors controlling infectious spread in multispecies commu...
Kringle 4 from human plasminogen:1H-nuclear magnetic resonance study of the interactions between ω-amino acid ligands and aromatic residues at the lysine-binding site

The interactions of theω-amino acid ligandse-aminocaproic acid andp-benzylaminesulphonic acid with the isolated kringle 4 domain from human plasminogen have been investigated by1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 300 and 600 MHz. Overall, the data indicate that binding either ligand does not cause the kringle to undergo significant conformational changes. When p-benzylaminesulphonic acid is in excess relative to the kringles, progressive exchange-broadening and high field chemical shifts are observed for the proton resonances of the ligand. The largest effect is seen at the amino end of the molecule, which indicates that the — NH3+ group of the ligand penetrates deeper into the binding site than does the — SO3-. Ligand-binding causes signals from the ring-current shifted Leu46 CH3δ.δ groups and from a number of aromatic side-chains to shift. Depending on the ligand, the latter include Tyr-II (Tyr50), Tyr-V (an immobile ring), His-II and His-III imidazole groups and the three Trp indole groups present in kringle 4. In particular,p-benzylaminesulphonic acid-binding induces large high field shifts on the Trp-II H6 triplet and the Trp-III (Trp72) H2 singlet. On the other hand,e-aminocaproic acid bound to kringle 4 exhibits large chemical shifts of its CH2 proton resonances, which indicates that the lysine-binding site is rich in aromatic side chains.
Flat panel CT detectors for sub-second volumetric scanning

This paper explores the potential of flat panel detectors in sub-second CT scanning applications. Using a PaxScan 4030CB with 600um thick CsI(Tl), a central section of the panel (16 to 32 rows), was scanned at frame rates up to 1000fps. Using this platform, fundamental issues related to high speed scanning were characterized. The offset drift of the imager over 60 seconds was found to be less than 0.014 ppm/sec relative to full scale. The gain stability over a 10 hour period is better than +/- .45%, which is at the resolution limit of the measurement. Two different types of lag measurements were performed in order to separate the photodiode array lag from the CsI afterglow. The panel lag was found to be 0.41% 1st frame and 0.054% 25th frame at 1000fps. The CsI(Tl) afterglow, however, is roughly an order of magnitude higher, dominating the lag for sub-second scans. At 1000fps the 1st frame lag due to afterglow was 3.3% and the 25th frame lag was 0.34%. Both the lag and afterglow are independent of signal level and each follows a simple power law evolution versus time. Reconstructions of anatomical phantoms and the CATPHAN 500 phantom are presented. With a 2 second, 1200 projection scan of the CATPHAN phantom at 600fps in 32 slice mode, using 120kVp and CTDI100 of 43.2mGy, 0.3% contrast resolution for a 6mm diameter target, can be visualized. In addition, 15lp/cm spatial resolution was achieved with a 2mm slice and a central CTDI100 of 10.8mGy.
Seismic energy partitioning and scattering in laterally heterogeneous ocean crust

We present finite difference forward models of elastic wave propagation through laterally heterogeneous upper oceanic crust. The finite difference formulation is a 2-D solution to the elastic wave equation for heterogeneous media and implicitly calculates P and SV propagation, compressional to shear conversion, interference effects and interface phenomena. Random velocity perturbations with Gaussian and self-similar autocorrelation functions and different correlation lengths (a) are presented which show different characteristics of secondary scattering. Heterogeneities scatter primary energy into secondary body waves and secondary Stoneley waves along the water-solid interface. The presence of a water-solid interface in the model allows for the existence of secondary Stoneley waves which account for much of the seafloor ‘noise’ seen in the synthetic seismograms for the laterally heterogeneous models.
Rapid spectral domain multiplex localization

We present a method to dynamically image structures at nanometer spatial resolution with far-field instruments. We propose the use of engineered nanoprobes with distinguishable spectral responses and the measurement of coherent scattering, rather than fluorescence.
Effect of actinomycin D on the production of acute phase protein in the rabbit.

La production de la proteine en phase aigue chez le lapin (CxRP), apres injection stimulante de therebenthine, a ete arretee par l'application i.p. d'actinomycine D. Cette inhibition durait environ 12 h.
Inhibition of RyR2-S2814 Phosphorylation Prevents Heart Failure by Reducing SR Ca Leak

Abnormal regulation of RyR2 by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMKII) has been suggested as a cause of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leakage and contractile dysfunction in heart failure. We hypothesized that CaMKII phosphorylation of RyR2 is crucial for heart failure development. We generated RyR2 knockin mice in which CaMKII phosphorylation site S2814 was mutated to alanine (S2814A) to prevent phosphorylation. Cardiac function and dimensions monitored by echocardiography were similar in S2814A and WT mice up to 12 months of age. WT (n=13) and S2814A mice (n=9) were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce pressure overload. At 8 weeks after TAC, S2814A mice displayed a similar hypertrophic response and decrease in ejection fraction (EF) as WT mice. At 16 weeks after TAC, however, EF was significantly lower in WT (32.5 +/- 3.4%) compared to S2814A mice (43.0 +/- 2.9%) suggesting inhibition of heart failure development in the latter. This rescue effect was further verified by a lower lung-weight-to-tibia-length ratio and a decrease in expression levels of the cardiac stress genes ANF and BNP in S2814A mice compared to WT mice at 16 weeks after TAC. Ca2+ imaging in cardiomyocytes, isolated from S2814A and WT mice at 16 weeks after sham or TAC surgery, demonstrated an decreased incidence of spontaneous SR Ca2+ release (SCR) events in S2814A (29.7% of myocytes) compared to WT (61.3% of myocytes; P<0.01). Whereas CaMKII inhibitor KN93 reduced the incidence of SCR events in WT to 36.1% (P<0.01 vs. WT TAC), KN93 did not have an effect of SCR in S2814A myocytes (30.0%; P=NS vs. S2814A TAC). Together, our results demonstrate that blocking CaMKII phosphorylation of RyR2 prevents SR Ca2+ leak, and inhibits or delays the progression to congestive heart failure in S2814A mice.
Negatively Charged Aerosols : Effect on Pulmonary Clearance of Inhaled 239PuO2 in Rats

Abstract Four-month-old female albino rats received a single 15 to 20 minute “nose-only” exposure to 239 PuO 2 dust (CMD 0.3μm). The animals were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 10, 12 and 18 rats each for three exploratory experiments. In experiments 1 and 2, the experimental rats were treated 3 1/2 hours daily with negatively charged electro-aerosol (1 percent NaCl solution dispersed by a Kuster-Barthel type aerosol generator, jet potential –26 kV, MMD of aerosol particles 3.8μm) and killed after three weeks. In experiment 3, the experimental rats were treated continuously with electro-aerosol and killed in groups of six after 5, 24 and 48 hours respectively. After death the lungs were removed and analyzed for 239 Pu. With the exception of the subgroup killed after 24 hours, the mean lung burden of 239 Pu was from 8 percent to 34 percent lower in the animals treated with electro-aerosol than in the controls treated with uncharged aerosol and those not treated with aerosol.
The common criteria: on the road to international harmonization

The Common Criteria is an effort of the United States, Europe, and Canada to align their existing Information Technology (IT) security criteria into one Common Criteria. The goals of the Common Criteria are to enhance existing IT product security development and evaluation criteria, to protect previous investments in IT product security, and to facilitate international harmonization of IT product security development and evaluation criteria. The Common Criteria has both functional and assurance requirements. These requirements can be combined to form Protection Profiles and Security Targets.
The Future of e-Markets: Multidimensional Market Mechanisms

1. Electronic commerce and electronic marketplaces 1.1. Market-based coordination 1.2. Fixed versus dynamic pricing 1.3. Advanced auction design for electronic markets 1.4. The structure of this book 2. Internet marketplaces - a technical perspective 2.1. The role of electronic brokers 2.2. Electronic brokerage services on the internet 2.3. Software architectures of electronic commerce applications 2.4 Services of an electronic broker 2.5. OFFER - a sample implementation 2.6. Technical challenges and directions 3. The difficulty of setting prices 3.1. Market structures 3.2. Setting optimal prices 3.3. Towards dynamic pricing 4. Methods for the analysis and design of electronic markets 4.1. Equilibrium theory 4.2. Game theory 4.3. Mechanism design theory 4.4. Experimental economics 4.5. Computational economics and simulation 5. Automated negotiations - a survey of state-of-the-art practices 5.1. A roadmap to negotiation situations in electronic commerce 5.2. One-on-one bargaining 5.3. Multilateral negotiations 5.4. A critical review of game-theoretical auction models 5.5. Experimental analysis of standard auction mechanisms 5.6. Towards new frontiers - multi-unit auctions 5.7. Analysis of online auctions 5.8. Summary 6. Experimental analysis of multi-attribute auctions 6.1. Multi-attribute procurement negotiations 6.2. Description of the analyzed mechanisms 6.3. Research questions 6.4. Trading financial derivatives - a sample scenario 6.5. Implementation of an electronic brokerage service 6.6. Results of a laboratory experiment 7. Economic models of multi-attribute auctions 7.1. Previous game-theoretical analysis 7.2. Comparison of conventional and multi-attribute auctions 7.3. Multi-unit extensions 7.4. Summary 8. Conclusions and perspectives 8.1. Applicability and prerequisites 8.2. The role of decision support Appendix: utility theory and decision analysis Techniques Basic ideas of utility theory Multi-objective decision analysis References Index.
Hydride, halide, methyl, carbonyl, and chalcogenido derivatives of permethylmolybdenocene

Abstract Cp 2 ∗ MoCl 2 (Cp* = C5Me5) is obtained via reaction of MoCl5 with a mixture of Cp*K and NaBH4 followed by treatment with CHCl3. Cp 2 ∗ MoCl 2 provides access to a large variety of other permethylmolybdenocene complexes which include Cp 2 ∗ MoH 2 , Cp 2 ∗ MoMe 2 , Cp 2 ∗ MoCO , Cp 2 ∗ MoO , Cp 2 ∗ Mo ( Me ) Cl , Cp 2 ∗ Mo ( H ) I , Cp 2 ∗ Mo ( EPh ) H (E = S, Se, Te), Cp 2 ∗ Mo ( η 2 - E 2 ) (E = S, Se, Te), Cp 2 ∗ Mo ( η 2 - E 4 ) (E = S, Se), Cp 2 ∗ Mo ( OSiMe 3 ) CN , Cp 2 ∗ Mo ( NCS ) 2 , and Cp 2 ∗ Mo ( N 3 ) 2 .
Bullous Pemphigoid-Associated Nephropathy: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Bullous pemphigoid has previously been reported in association with a variety of renal lesions. Two additional cases are presented in this report in which the nephropathy preceded the onset of the skin disease: one case with membranous glomerulopathy and one case of renal allograft rejection with concurrent membranous pathology. Both patients had positive immunofluorescence of the skin, typical of bullous pemphigoid. Institution of systemic corticosteroid therapy resulted in a satisfactory clinical response and cessation of the blistering process. These cases and a review of the literature suggest that the occurrence of an immune process involving these two different basement membranes is not merely coincidental. Many cases have been described in which the severity of the skin lesions paralleled that of the renal disease. Although the possibility of multiple distinct autoimmune processes cannot be excluded, anti-basement-zone antibody interactions or allograft rejection-induced immune stimulation are possible unifying mechanisms for the simultaneous skin and renal involvement observed in these two cases.
Inelastic response of compliant fault zones to nearby earthquakes in three dimensions

Abstract Using dynamic modeling of earthquake rupture on a strike-slip fault and seismic wave propagation in a three dimensional inhomogeneous elastoplastic medium, we investigate the inelastic response of compliant fault zones to nearby earthquakes. We primarily examine the plastic strain distribution within the fault zone and the displacement field that characterizes the effects of the presence of the fault zone. We find that when the fault zone rocks are close to failure in the prestress field, plastic strain occurs along the entire fault zone near the Earth's surface and some portions of the fault zone in the extensional quadrant at depth, while the remaining portion deforms elastically. Plastic strain enhances the surface displacement of the fault zone, and the enhancement in the extensional quadrant is stronger than that in the compressive quadrant. Inelastic response may be distinguished from elastic response by sympathetic motion (or reduced retrograde motion) exhibited in the fault-parallel horizontal surface displacement in conjunction with enhanced vertical surface displacement in a strike-slip faulting environment. These findings suggest that taking into account both elastic and inelastic deformation of fault zones to nearby earthquakes may improve our estimations of fault zone structure and properties from small-scale surface deformation signals. Furthermore, identifying the inelastic response of nearby fault zones to large earthquakes may allow us to place some constraints on the absolute stress level in the crust.
Temperature Dependent Barrier Crossover Regime in Tunneling Single Molecular Devices Based on the Matrix of Isolated Molecules

This paper reports analysis of direct (low bias regime that corresponds to Simmons model) and field emission, Fowler−Nordheim (FN) tunneling, and a crossover between these regimes in molecular nanojunction. We have fabricated molecular devices based on a heterogenius mixture of molecular wires of 2-[4-(2-mercaptoethyl)-phenyl]ethanethiol (Me-PET) as self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecules incorporated into the matrix of molecular insulator spacers [penthane 1-thiol (PT)] at a concentration ratio of r = 10−6 wires/spacers. The monolayer is sandwiched between two gold (Au) electrodes. A temperature-depended conductivity in this structure was analyzed at both low and elevated biases using models of direct tunneling (Simmons model) and field emission (FN) regime. A crossover voltage, Vtrans, between these two regimes was determined at different temperatures. Comparison of temperature-dependent Simmons and FN barriers, (ΦBSim(T) and ΦBFN(T)), and transition bias (Vtrans(T)) reveals an anomaly in position of V...
A Contract for Excellence in Scientific Education May I Have Your Signature Please

Recent advances in biology and digital technology represent unique opportunities for teacher educators to rethink the programmatic experiences of prospective secondary science and mathematics teachers. This article discusses the importance of teacher education programs that connect mathematics and science where appropriate, recognize the hybridization of science, and integrate biological and digital features into program learning experiences. In addition, recommendations for incorporating these design features into teacher education are offered.
Irradiance fluctuations of a spherical wave propagating under saturation conditions

The physical model of strong optical scintillation of plane waves is extended to the case of spherical-wave propagation. The spherical-wave amplitude filter function is derived and compared to the corresponding plane-wave result. Specifically, we calculate the spherical- to plane-wave log-amplitude-variance ratio. For weak fluctuations, our results are identical to the results of perturbation theory, with which the spherical-wave log-amplitude variance is less than the corresponding plane-wave result. On the other hand, for strong fluctuations (i.e., in the saturation regime), the plane- and spherical-wave log-amplitude variances saturate to the same constant value. Expressions are presented, in the saturation regime, for the plane- and spherical-wave log-amplitude covariance function and compared with the corresponding results in the regime of weak fluctuations.
A segmentation framework towards automatic generation of boost subvolumes for FDG-PET tumors: A digital phantom study

Potential benefits of administering nonuniform radiation dose to heterogeneous tumors imaged with FDG-PET have been widely demonstrated; whereas the number of discrete dose levels to be utilized and corresponding locations for prescription inside tumors vary significantly with current existing methods. In this paper, an automated and unsupervised segmentation framework constituted mainly by an image restoration mechanism based on variational decomposition and a voxel clustering scheme based on spectral clustering was presented towards partitioning FDG-PET imaged tumors into subvolumes characterized with the total intra-subvolume activity similarity and the total inter-subvolume activity dissimilarity being simultaneously maximized. Experiments to evaluate the proposed system were carried out with using FDG-PET data generated from a digital phantom that employed SimSET (Simulation System for Emission Tomography) to simulate PET acquisition of tumors. The obtained results show the feasibility of the proposed system in dividing FDG-PET imaged tumor volumes into subvolumes with intratumoral heterogeneity being properly characterized, irrespective of variation in tumor morphology as well as diversity in intratumoral heterogeneity pattern.
Reduction Pneumoplasty for Giant Bullous Emphysema: Implications for Surgical Treatment of Nonbullous Emphysema

A review of the literature on reduction pneumoplasty for giant bullous emphysema was undertaken to identify current criteria for this surgical treatment and in the hope of obtaining insights into evaluating reduction pneumoplasty for nonbullous emphysema. Twenty-two retrospective case series, published since 1950, were retrieved by a computer search of the literature and a search of the Index Medicus prior to 1966. Reduction pneumoplasty is most effective when bullae are larger than one third of a hemithorax with evidence of compression of adjacent lung tissue and an FEV 1 of less than 50% predicted; the presence of emphysema in nonbullous lung and the amount of compression are best judged by CT. The rationale for reduction pneumoplasty for nonbullous emphysema is supported by the similar early functional changes after reduction pneumoplasty for bullous and nonbullous—improvement of blood gas values and lung mechanics. A single study showing that decline of lung function after surgery for bullous emphysema was less in those who stopped smoking than in those who continued to smoke supports the need for preoperative and maintained smoking cessation in patients receiving reduction pneumoplasty. After 4 decades, the duration of improvement in lung function, whether worsening of emphysema occurs in remaining lung, and late morbidity and mortality after reduction pneumoplasty for bullous emphysema are not well defined. A registry with an unoperated-on comparison group could more rapidly accumulate such data after reduction pneumoplasty for nonbullous emphysema.
Rapid alignment of the interference mask in the ultracentrifuge

Abstract A procedure is given for measuring the degree of misalignment of the interference mask in the analytical ultracentrifuge. A simple apparatus is described which allows the mask alignment to be corrected by precise lateral movement of the mask.
Synthesis and Structure of Intermediates in Copper-Catalyzed Alkylation of Diphenylphosphine

Cu(I) catalysts for alkylation of diphenylphosphine were developed. Treatment of [Cu(NCMe)4][PF6] (1) with chelating ligands gave [CuL(NCMe)][PF6] (2; L = MeC(CH2PPh2)3 (triphos), 3; L = 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene (XantPhos)). These complexes catalyzed the alkylation of PHPh2 with PhCH2Br in the presence of the base NaOSiMe3 to yield PPh2CH2Ph (4). The precursors Cu(dtbp)(X) (dtbp =2,9-di-t-butylphenanthroline, X = Cl (5) or OTf (6)), CuCl, and 1 also catalyzed this reaction, but dtbp dissociated from 5 and 6 during catalysis. Both 2 and 3 also catalyzed alkylation of PHPh2 with PhCH2Cl/NaOSiMe3, but XantPhos dissociation was observed when 3 was used. When CH2Cl2 was used as the solvent for alkylation of PhCH2Cl with precursors 2 or 3, or of PhCH(Me)Br with 2, it was competitively alkylated to yield PPh2CH2Cl (7), which was formed exclusively using 2 in the absence of a benzyl halide. Cu(triphos)-catalyzed alkylation of PhCH(Me)Br gave mostly PPh2CHMePh (8), along with some Ph2P-PPh2 ...
Formal online methods for voltage/frequency control in multiple clock domain microprocessors

Multiple Clock Domain (MCD) processors are a promising future alternative to today's fully synchronous designs. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) in an MCD processor has the extra flexibility to adjust the voltage and frequency in each domain independently. Most existing DVFS approaches are profile-based offline schemes which are mainly suitable for applications whose execution char-acteristics are constrained and repeatable. While some work has been published about online DVFS schemes, the prior approaches are typically heuristic-based. In this paper, we present an effective online DVFS scheme for an MCD processor which takes a formal analytic approach, is driven by dynamic workloads, and is suitable for all applications. In our approach, we model an MCD processor as a queue-domain network and the online DVFS as a feedback control problem with issue queue occupancies as feedback signals. A dynamic stochastic queuing model is first proposed and linearized through an accu-rate linearization technique. A controller is then designed and verified by stability analysis. Finally we evaluate our DVFS scheme through a cycle-accurate simulation with a broad set of applications selected from MediaBench and SPEC2000 benchmark suites. Compared to the best-known prior approach, which is heuristic-based, the proposed online DVFS scheme is substantially more effective due to its automatic regulation ability. For example, we have achieved a 2-3 fold increase in efficiency in terms of energy-delay product improvement. In addition, our control theoretic technique is more resilient, requires less tuning effort, and has better scalability as compared to prior online DVFS schemes.We believe that the techniques and methodology described in this paper can be generalized for energy control in processors other than MCD, such as tiled stream processors.
Explaining urban–rural income and wage differentials: a study using aggregate data for India

Probabilistic migration models generally assume the existence of an exogenous and large gap between wages in the urban and rural sectors. Yet empirical support for this assumption is scarce. An attempt has been made to estimate urban and rural expenditures and wages across states in India to measure the size of the urban-rural gap. Using principal components, a hedonic wage differential equation is estimated to determine whether the gap can be explained by differences in the structures of the two sectors. On an average, nominal urban earnings are 40% larger than rural earnings. The real gap is roughly 17%. More than 70% of this differential is explained by compensating differentials.
Differential Diagnosis of Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement

Purpose To present the differential diagnosis of paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM) and its distinguishing features. Methods The authors provide an overview of PVFM by drawing from 30 years of ...
Automated Multi-graceful Degradation: A Case Study

We focus on the problem of multi-graceful degradation. In multi-graceful degradation, the system provides successively reduced guarantees in the presence of increasingly severe faults. We present an automated technique for generation of a multi-graceful-degraded program from its original fault-intolerant/ideal version. In this algorithm, we begin with (1) an ideal program that satisfies all its specification in the absence of faults, (2) a set of faults that need to be tolerated and (3) reduced requirements in their presence. We subsequently generate several gracefullly degrading programs that only satisfy the reduced requirements. This step also identifies new states to which program needs to recover to satisfy the reduced specification. Subsequently, we utilize the original input program and the generated programs that ensures that (1) in the absence of faults, the entire specification is satisfied and (2) in the presence of faults, the program recovers to states from where the corresponding reduced specification is satisfied. We illustrate our technique with a case study of a system in the fuelcell lab of the Ohio Coal Research Center (OCRC). In this system, it is important to satisfy safety of lab personnel as well as safety of people in the building in which it is located. Moreover, in case of device failures, it is necessary to provide weaker guarantees that capture the best possible protection. In our example, we begin with an ideal model for this system and successively add multi-graceful degradation to obtain the same program (with some abstractions) as the one that was designed manually for this system.
“LOEX” of the West: Collaboration and Instructional Design in a Virtual Environment, edited by Kari Anderson, Elizabeth Babbitt, Emily Hull, Theresa Mudrock and Helene Williams

In “LOEX” of the West: Collaboration and Instructional Design in a Virtual Environment, the editors—librarians involved in instruction—provide a useful collection of papers from the second LOEX of ...
Bioequivalence of Orally Administered Generic, Compounded, and Innovator-Formulated Itraconazole in Healthy Dogs

Background Itraconazole is commonly used to treat systemic fungal infections in dogs, but problems exist with absorption and cost. Objective To determine oral bioequivalence of generic and compounded itraconazole compared to original innovator (brand name) itraconazole in healthy dogs. Animals Nine healthy, adult research Beagle dogs. Methods A randomized, 3-way, 3-period, crossover design with an 8-day washout period. After a 12-hour fast, each dog received 100 mg (average: 10.5 mg/kg) of either innovator itraconazole, an approved human generic capsule, or compounded itraconazole (compounded using a commercially available compounding vehicle) with a small meal. Plasma was collected at predetermined intervals for high pressure liquid chromatography analysis. Concentration data were analyzed using noncompartmental pharmacokinetics to determine area under the curve (AUC), peak concentration (CMAX), and terminal half-life. Bioequivalence tests compared generic and compounded itraconazole to the reference formulation. Results Average ratios of compounded and generic formulations to the reference formulation of itraconazole for AUC were 5.52% and 104.2%, respectively, and for CMAX were 4.14% and 86.34%, respectively. A test of bioequivalence using 2 one-sided tests and 90% confidence intervals did not meet bioequivalence criteria for either formulation. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Neither generic nor compounded itraconazole is bioequivalent to the reference formulation in dogs. However, pharmacokinetic data for generic formulation were similar enough that therapeutic concentrations could be achieved. Compounded itraconazole produced such low plasma concentrations, it is unlikely to be effective; therefore, compounded itraconazole should not be used in dogs.
Combination active optical and passive thermal infrared sensor for low-level airborne crop sensing

An integrated active optical, and passive thermal infrared sensing system was deployed on a low-level aircraft (50 m AGL) to record and map the simple ratio (SR) index and canopy temperature of a 230 ha cotton field. The SR map was found to closely resemble that created by a RapidEye satellite image, and the canopy temperature map yielded values consistent with on-ground measurements. The fact that both the SR and temperature measurements were spatially coincident facilitated the rapid and convenient generation of a direct correlation plot between the two parameters. The scatterplot exhibited the typical reflectance index-temperature profile generated by previous workers using complex analytical techniques and satellite imagery. This sensor offers a convenient and viable alternative to other forms of optical and thermal remote sensing for those interested in plant and soil moisture investigations using the ‘reflectance index-temperature’ space concept.
Sequential ortho effects: characterization of novel [M - 35](+) fragment ions in the mass spectra of 2-alkyl-4, 6-dinitrophenols.

High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), hybrid tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) (EBqQ), and photoelectron-photoion coincidence (PEPICO) experiments were conducted to examine a possible ortho-ortho effect resulting in a novel [M - 35]+ fragment ion in 2-alkyl-4, 6-dinitrophenols. For compounds having ethyl or larger alkyl substituents, [M35]+ was observed only when [M - 18]+ ions were present, with the ortho nitro group being involved in the reaction to [M- 35]+. For [M - 18]+ and [M - 35]+, HRMS results were consistent with losses of H2O and H2O + OH, respectively, whereas MS/MS results indicated a sequential reaction due to metastable dissociations. The appearance energy determined by PEPICO for [M - 35]+ was found to be greater than the appearance energy for [M - 18]+, thus supporting a sequential reaction. 69–75).