cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Event-by-Event Physics at the CERN SPS

Event-by-event physics in nuclear collisions has been an active field of research for more than a decade. Jet production in p-p and e-e collisions and flow in heavy-ion collisions have been extensively studied at LEP, CSPS, TEVATRON, BEVALAC and AGS among other facilities. Jets and flow are large-amplitude and/or large-scale effects which are detectable despite the rather small particle multiplicities per event from these collision systems. Multiplicities have been limited by small system size (p-p, e-e) or low energy densities (heavy ions). Both jet and flow phenomena are manifestations of symmetry reduction or increased correlation with respect to a nominally thermalized system of produced particles.
Development of the Burn Frailty Index: A prognostication index for elderly patients sustaining burn injuries.

Abstract Background Frailty has demonstrated enhanced prognostic ability for elderly patient morbidity. The aim was to create a burn-specific frailty index for elderly patients and compare it to commonly used scoring systems in burn management. Methods From 2013 to 2017, we prospectively surveyed a randomized cohort of patients ≥65-years-old previously admitted to our burn unit. Prognostic comparisons with 6 commonly used indices and multivariate risk analyses were performed. Results Of 100 included patients, n = 32 were classified as frail. The mean patient age was 73.0 ± 6.8-years with a median follow up of 20.9 months. There were 13 moralities in total, 12 occurred in the frail group including 5 in-house mortalities. Patients classified as frail had significantly more complications (p Conclusions The Burn Frailty Index accurately predicts morbidity and mortality in elderly frail patients suffering burn injuries.
Paired Related Homeobox Protein 1 Regulates Quiescence in Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitors

Human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (hOPCs) persist into adulthood as an abundant precursor population capable of division and differentiation. The transcriptional mechanisms that regulate hOPC homeostasis remain poorly defined. Herein, we identify paired related homeobox protein 1 (PRRX1) in primary PDGFαR+ hOPCs. We show that enforced PRRX1 expression results in reversible G1/0 arrest. While both PRRX1 splice variants reduce hOPC proliferation, only PRRX1a abrogates migration. hOPC engraftment into hypomyelinated shiverer/rag2 mouse brain is severely impaired by PRRX1a, characterized by reduced cell proliferation and migration. PRRX1 induces a gene expression signature characteristic of stem cell quiescence. Both IFN-γ and BMP signaling upregulate PRRX1 and induce quiescence. PRRX1 knockdown modulates IFN-γ-induced quiescence. In mouse brain, PRRX1 mRNA was detected in non-dividing OPCs and is upregulated in OPCs following demyelination. Together, these data identify PRRX1 as a regulator of quiescence in hOPCs and as a potential regulator of pathological quiescence.
An Exploration into the Relationships of Ethical Decision Making and Moral Reasoning Among IT Specialists with Ethics Training, Education, and Ethical Leadership

This paper explores the current gap that exists in the relationships with IT specialists and ethics training concerning their decision-making and moral reasoning. The theoretical basis for this study is grounded on Kohlberg's moral development model. The methodology used in the study was a qualitative method with the use of two surveys as a means of data collections. A group of IT specialists from a variety of occupational field utilizing IT systems participated by completing the Defining Issues Test 2 and the Ethics in IT Survey. Structural equation modeling and multiple regression testing was used to compare the relationships between all variables in the study.
Application of Environment Noise Classification towards Sound Recognition for Cochlear Implant Users

The ability of cochlear implant (CI) users in speech recognition decreases significantly in background noise. Various approaches have been proposed that optimize algorithms for specifically determined noisy environments with the ability to restore speech for cochlear implant users. This paper presents an approach to classifying different noise environments in our daily lives such as factory floor, jet cockpit, babble noise and etc. The noise classification system described here can be used to recognize different background noises and then optimize the coding strategies for hearing aids and cochlear implant devices. Seven types of noise environments are selected as the training data, and noise segments randomly cut from different noise recordings will be used as the test data. Classifiers based on Gaussian Mixture Models and Bayesian classifiers are developed and evaluated as well as KNN clustering. Features are extracted using MFCC feature extraction. In this paper, we aim to describe the automated solution for noise reduction in known types of noisy environments, and implement models in cochlear implant device. It is shown that training the classifier with 80% of the data resulted in 100% classification performance of all classes except the babble noise. By employing feature sub selection, the performance of the classifier was examined for every class using each single feature, and the role of each of the features in classifying each class was quantified. It was also found that by using only two of the features 100% performance could be enhanced for all classes except two of them.
Music Participation Among School-Aged Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

Purpose Music is an important part of life for many people. Furthermore, music training has been shown to improve a variety of cognitive functions among children and adults. However, little research exists on how children who are hard of hearing (HH) perceive or participate in music. In particular, it is unknown whether hearing loss limits participation in music activities among school-aged children with mild-to-severe hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hearing loss limits participation among children who are HH compared to children with normal hearing (NH). Method Participants were parents of 2 cohorts of children finishing 5th grade (approximately 11 years old). Parents were asked to complete a survey (online or paper) regarding the role of music in their child's life. A total of 88 surveys were completed (67 from parents of children who are HH and 21 from parents of children with NH, with an overall response rate of 74%). Results Hearing loss did not limit music participation among children. Children who are HH listened to recorded music, attended live concerts, and practiced an instrument at the same rates as children with NH. Listening to recorded and live music, practicing an instrument, and playing in an ensemble were equally as important to children who are HH as children with NH. Children who are HH were significantly more likely to regularly play in an ensemble than children with NH. Parent participation in music significantly influenced music participation for children who are HH but not children with NH. Descriptive data about music genres, instruments, and ensembles are also presented. Conclusions Children who are HH participate in music at the same or greater rates as children with NH. Parent participation in music may be particularly important for children who are HH. In light of this, music listening should be a consideration when fitting children with hearing aids.
Machine learning based quantification of ejection and filling parameters by fully automated dynamic measurement of left ventricular volumes from cardiac magnetic resonance images.

Abstract Background Although analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images provides accurate and reproducible measurements of left ventricular (LV) volumes, these measurements are usually not performed throughout the cardiac cycle because of lack of tools that would allow such analysis within a reasonable timeframe. A fully-automated machine-learning (ML) algorithm was recently developed to automatically generate LV volume-time curves. Our aim was to validate ejection and filling parameters calculated from these curves using conventional analysis as a reference. Methods We studied 21 patients undergoing clinical CMR examinations. LV volume-time curves were obtained using the ML-based algorithm (Neosoft), and independently using slice-by-slice, frame-by-frame manual tracing of the endocardial boundaries. Ejection and filling parameters derived from these curves were compared between the two techniques. For each parameter, Bland-Altman bias and limits of agreement (LOA) were expressed in percent of the mean measured value. Results Time-volume curves were generated using the automated ML analysis within 2.5 ± 0.5 min, considerably faster than the manual analysis (43 ± 14 min per patient, including ~10 slices with 25–32 frames per slice). Time-volume curves were similar between the two techniques in magnitude and shape. Size and function parameters extracted from these curves showed no significant inter-technique differences, reflected by high correlations, small biases ( Conclusion ML software for dynamic LV volume measurement allows fast and accurate, fully automated analysis of ejection and filling parameters, compared to manual tracing based analysis. The ability to quickly evaluate time-volume curves is important for a more comprehensive evaluation of the patient's cardiac function.
Cellular Oxidative Stress in Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma Patients Undergoing Treatment Is Associated with Protein Consumption

Over and under nutrition are associated with worse outcomes for children with leukemia and lymphoma; however, the molecular basis for this clinical observation is not well understood. Many chemotherapeutics used for leukemia treatment are known to generate oxidative stress in vitro; therefore, we evaluated redox status and diet in pediatric leukemia patients during therapy in order to ascertain relationships between nutrition and oxidative stress. Dietary intake and redox measures in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 32 pediatric leukemia and lymphoma patients were collected over six months during treatment. Baseline measures when patients were off chemotherapy and subsequent assessments were collected after one, two and six months. Oxidative stress increased over time in all patients, consistent with chemotherapy-induced redox effects. Older and younger children showed significantly different baseline levels of reactive oxygen species, which increased over time in all age ranges. Diet was assessed at points proximal to oxidative stress measurements and revealed a novel association with consumption of animal protein, vegetable protein, and total protein intake. Our findings demonstrate that chemotherapy increases oxidative stress in pediatric leukemia patients, and raises the possibility that dietary protein or altered protein metabolism could contribute to clinical outcomes.
Determining the Constant PIN Diode Impedance Point for Broadband Reconfigurability

Broadband, high power, fast switching RF control and reconfigurable circuits frequently use PIN diodes as the controlling element. An assumption often made by circuit designers is that the PIN diode resistance is constant over frequency (not considering parasitics). PIN diode impedance is influenced by the junctions and the I-region carrier lifetime (τ) at frequencies as high as several hundred MHz, and so a means to define the onset of the high frequency resistance will provide these designers a guideline for that constant-resistance assumption. This paper provides such a guideline and shows how measurements of PIN diode impedance as a function of frequency can provide this metric, which analysis shows to be approximately 10/πτ. The procedure is validated with measurements on packaged PIN diodes.
Beyond the Emoticon: Are There Unintentional Cues of Emotion in Email?:

Email and text-based communication have become ubiquitous. Although recent findings indicate emotional equivalence between face-to-face and email communication, there is limited evidence of nonverbal behaviors in text-based communication, especially the kinds of unintentional displays central to emotion perception in face-to-face interactions. We investigate whether unintentional emotion cues occur in text-based communication by proposing that communication mistakes (e.g., typos) influence emotion perception. Across six studies, we show that communication errors amplify perceptions of email sender's emotions-both negative (Studies 1A-2, 4, 5) and positive (Study 3). Furthermore, by contrasting perceptions of message senders who make mistakes in emotional versus unemotional contexts (Study 5), we show that people partially excuse message sender communication errors in emotional (versus unemotional) contexts, attributing such mistakes to the sender's emotional state rather than solely their intelligence level. These studies suggest that nonverbal behavior in text-based and face-to-face communication may be more comparable than previously thought.
Cartography: the ideal and its history: by Matthew Edney University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2019, 296 pp., $30.00 USD (approximately £24.40) (pbk), ISBN 9780226605685, or $90.00 USD (approximately £73.21) (hbk), ISBN 9780226605548

Cartography is dead, long live cartography! Ancients built a palace, moderns garrisoned it, postmoderns stole its furniture. Amid the ruins, historians are left with the fractured authority of a du...
On the global stability of large solutions for the Boussinesq equations with Navier boundary conditions

In this paper, we first prove the local existence of strong solutions to the 3D Boussinesq equations in a bounded domain with Navier boundary conditions. Then we show the global stability of strong large solutions under a suitable integral condition.
Constitutional Remedies and Public Interest Balancing

The conventional account of our remedial tradition recognizes that courts may engage in discretionary public interest balancing to withhold the specific remedies typically administered in equity. But it generally does not acknowledge that courts possess the same power with respect to the substitutionary remedies usually provided at law. The conventional account has things backwards when it comes to constitutional remedies. The modern Supreme Court frequently requires the withholding of substitutionary constitutional relief under doctrines developed to protect the perceived public interest. Yet it has treated specific relief to remedy ongoing or imminent invasions of rights as routine, at least when the underlying claim is justiciable and subject to neither a judicial federalism doctrine nor statutory preclusion.This paper details the reversal of the conventional account of remedial power and advances a two-part hypothesis that the Court’s behavior traces an appropriate con- stitutional boundary. The hypothesis is as follows. First, substitutionary constitutional remedies, while integral to the proper functioning of our constitutional order, are individually contingent and susceptible of legislative or judicial expansion, contraction, or replacement as the perceived public interest dictates. But second, specific relief must be available for justiciable and meritorious claims of constitutional right to which neither a judicial federalism nor a statutory diversion doctrine applies, and an effective constitutional remedy ultimately must be available even in these exceptional cases.
Confronting the Challenging Asymmetric Addition of Vinyl Arene Pronucleophiles into Ketones: Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Processes Through a Dearomatized Allyl-Cu Species

The selective reductive coupling of vinyl arenes and ketones represents a versatile approach for the rapid construction of enantiomerically enriched tertiary alcohols. Herein, we demonstrate a CuH-catalyzed regiodivergent coupling of vinyl arenes and ketones, in which the selectivity is controlled by the ancillary ligand. This approach leverages an in situ generated benzyl- or dearomatized allyl-Cu intermediate, yielding either the dearomatized or exocyclic addition products, respectively. The method exhibits excellent regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity, and tolerates a range of common functional groups and heterocycles. Computational studies suggest that the regio- and enantioselectivity are controlled by the ancillary ligand, while the diastereoselectivity is enforced by steric interactions between the alkyl-Cu intermediate and ketone substrates in a six-membered cyclic transition state.
Sources of the Strategic Management Challenge

What we might think of as the conventional portrait of organizational management is based on a much-cited, three-part taxonomy distinguishing between Strategic Planning, Managerial Control and Operational Control.1 What’s generally understood is that the strategic planning function is designed to answer for the long-run integrity of the organization as a whole. In contrast, managerial control is oriented towards the nearer-term and is concerned with regulating the performance of some major segment of an organization (e.g., a division) with respect to whatever goals or standards might have been set at the strategic level. Finally, operational control is concerned with managing the day-to-day activities of an individual unit (a department) in light of criteria established at the managerial control level. Thus, each of these activities in effect applies to a different level of management, i.e.: Strategic Planning —-> Higher Management Managerial Control —-> Middle Management Operational Control —-> Line Management There’s much in both concept and real-world experience to support this sort of distribution.
Turbulent stresses in the surf-zone: Which way is up?

Velocity observations from a vertical stack of three-component Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADVs) within the energetic surf-zone are presented. Rapid temporal sampling and small sampling volume provide observations suitable for investigation of the role of turbulent fluctuations in surf-zone dynamics. While sensor performance was good, failure to recover reliable measures of tilt from the vertical compromise the data value. We will present some cursory observations supporting the ADV performance, and examine the sensitivity of stress estimates to uncertainty in the sensor orientation. It is well known that turbulent stress estimates are highly sensitive to orientation relative to vertical when wave motions are dominant. Analyses presented examine the potential to use observed flow-field characteristics to constrain sensor orientation. Results show that such an approach may provide a consistent orientation to a fraction of a degree, but the inherent sensitivity of stress estimates requires a still more restrictive constraint. Regardless, the observations indicate the degree to which stress estimates are dependent on orientation, and provide some indication of the temporal variability in time-averaged stress estimates.
Changing Concepts Of Plant Nutrient Behavior And Fertilizer Use

Publisher Summary Agricultural workers and farmers are continually striving to correct nutrient deficiencies in order that the yields will more nearly approach the genetic limits of crop plants. As a result of this effort, great progress in the knowledge of plant–nutrient behavior and use has been made. Soil testing is an important connecting link between soils research and fertilizer usage. Agronomists are becoming increasingly aware that only a fraction of the amounts of nutrients necessary to produce top profitable yields are being applied. Fertilizer use first started on the very infertile soils where it was essential to grow any crop. It has gradually spread to areas where the need is not quite so obvious but nearly as great.
Preparation of Equipment for a Physical Education Class

The plaintiff, a student at a high school owned and operated by the defendant, Community Unit School District 300, allegedly was injured in her school's gymnasium when a volleyball net crank she was turning either “broke loose” or “snapped back” and struck her in the face. The plaintiff alleged that the defendant was negligent or engaged in willful and wanton conduct.
Instructional Technology: Some Concerns and Desiderata'

This paper is focused on three basic concerns: the first is conceptual; the second, methodological; and the third, political. The conceptual problem involves the choice between two extremely different, almost mutually exclusive conceptions of instructional technology. Certain methodological difficulties have arisen because of these conflicting conceptions. Of even greater concern, however, is the question of political control, and the role education should play in its own technological development. While government and industry, for example, each determines, in large part, its own research and development, education remains almost wholly dependent on derived technologies which, if applied, often conflict with educational goals and purposes. This situation clearly calls for a dramatic shift in political power so that education can begin to shape and direct its own technological development rather than continue to be controlled by it. Any one of these concerns, taken individually, is sufficiently
B cell activating factor (BAFF) in the natural history of chronic hepatitis C virus liver disease and mixed cryoglobulinaemia.

B cell activating factor (BAFF) plays a crucial role in the process of development, maturation and activation of B lymphocytes. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by multiple B cell disorders. It is a major cause of type II mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC). We measured serum BAFF levels in several clinical situations to elucidate the potential role of BAFF in chronic HCV infection. We used a commercially available solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We estimated serum BAFF in stored sera from uninfected controls (n = 8), patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection HBV (n = 5) and chronic HCV infection with (n = 16) and without mixed cryoglobulinaemia (n = 14). In two patients with HCV and MC we correlated BAFF with HCV RNA after pegylated interferon (peg-I). We correlated serum BAFF levels at baseline and at 12 weeks with treatment response: sustained virological response SVR (n = 5), non-responders (n = 6) and relapsers (n = 2). Finally, we estimated BAFF levels after complete depletion of B cells with rituximab in patients with chronic HCV with MC (n = 3). Serum levels of BAFF were increased in chronic HCV with MC, but not in chronic HBV infection, suggesting an association between BAFF and cryoglobulinaemia. Peg-I increased BAFF levels in serum and this paralleled HCV RNA very closely. Serum BAFF levels at week 12 of therapy with peg-I and R were significantly higher in responders than non-responders. Finally, B cell depletion was associated with markedly increased levels of BAFF.
Kinematic bias in cosmological distance measurement

Recent calculations using non-linear relativistic cosmological perturbation theory show biases in the mean luminosity distance and distance modulus at low redshift. We show that these effects may be understood very simply as a non-relativistic, and purely kinematic, Malmquist-like bias, and we describe how the effect changes if one averages over sources that are limited by apparent magnitude. This effect is essentially identical to the distance bias from small-scale random velocities that has previously been considered by astronomers, though we find that the standard formula overestimates the homogeneous bias by a factor 2.
Alloplasmic male sterility in AD allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum upon replacement of its resident A cytoplasm with that of D species G. harknessii.

Alloplasmic male sterile (cms) and restoration-of-fertility (Rf) lines of the AD allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum were earlier derived from the presumed introgression of the cytoplasm of the D species G. harknessii. To confirm that this happened and address its significance, cytoplasms of the maternal progenitor, backcross intermediates, derived breeding lines, related A, D, and F species, and a synthetic AD tetraploid were examined by agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 140 restriction enzyme fragments of chloroplast DNA. Length mutations of 10–50 nucleotides predominate over site loss/gain mutations. Chloroplast DNA is maternally inherited and that of G. harknessii has been maintained in the cms lines for at least 13 successive generations without detectable alteration. Chloroplast DNA divergence is consistent with current nuclear genome classification and shows that the A progenitor was the maternal parent of the AD tetraploids. As predicted from incompatability models of cms, the degree of male sterility in alloplasmic Gossypium tetraploids is correlated with the extent of evolutionary divergence of their cytoplasms. It is suggested that the A genome in the AD tetraploids dominates those nuclear-cytoplasm interactions reflected by male fertility.
Kinetic and Product Study of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH Radicals, NO3 Radicals, and O3 with (C2H5O)2P(S)CH3 and (C2H5O)3PS

Rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals and NO3 radicals with O,O-diethyl methylphosphonothioate [(C2H5O)2P(S)CH3; DEMPT] and O,O,O-triethyl phosphorothioate [(C2H5O)3PS; TEPT] have been measured using relative rate methods at atmospheric pressure of air over the temperature range 296−348 K for the OH radical reactions and at 296 ± 2 K for the NO3 radical reactions. At 296 ± 2 K, the rate constants obtained for the OH radical reactions (in units of 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1) were 20.4 ± 0.8 and 7.92 ± 0.27 for DEMPT and TEPT, respectively, and those for the NO3 radical reactions (in units of 10-15 cm3 molecule-1 s-1) were 2.01 ± 0.20 and 1.03 ± 0.10, respectively. Upper limits to the rate constants for the reactions of O3 with DEMPT and TEPT of <6 × 10-20 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 were determined in each case. Rate constants for the OH radical reactions, measured relative to k(OH + α-pinene) = 1.21 × 10-11 e436/T cm3 molecule-1 s-1, resulted in the Arrhenius expressions k(OH + DEMPT) = 1.08 × 10-11 e(871±...
Hepatectomy is Superior to Thermal Ablation for Patients with a Solitary Colorectal Liver Metastasis

Hepatic resection is the mainstay of treatment for solitary colorectal liver metastases (mCRC); however, some patients are not ideal candidates. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes for patients with solitary mCRC who underwent resection or ablation. A retrospective review of a hepatobiliary database identified patients with solitary mCRC. Patients who were treated with hepatectomy were compared to patients who underwent thermal ablation. The median follow-up time was 25.9 months. Ninety-four patients (67.1%) underwent resection whereas 46 patients (32.8%) underwent ablation. Of the resected patients, most (60%) required a major hepatectomy. Tumor ablation was a significant predictor of overall survival (p = 0.002, OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.696–8.284). Overall, the median disease-free survival was 55.2 months for patients undergoing resection vs. 42.6 months for ablated patients (p = 0.073). Median overall survival was 112.7 months for patients undergoing resection vs. 50.2 months for patients undergoing ablation (p = 0.005). Patients with solitary hepatic colorectal cancer metastases should be considered for hepatic resection as this provides superior survival when compared to thermal ablation.
Mental patients and the community: a critical note.

The transfer of mental patients to the community has formed part of a larger movement to decarcerate the deviant in both Britain and the United States. The term decarceration, a rather ugly neologism, began to be used in the United States some time in the late 1960s originally as a term of approbation (see, e.g., Rothman 1973). The concept was, obviously enough, intended to designate the opposite of incarceration. Basically, for its cheerleaders, decarceration marked a major shift in social styles and practices, away from the pattern that had developed in Western societies during the 18th and 19th centuries. That earlier system of social control had rested heavily on programs to isolate the deviant be he bad or madboth physically and symbolically from the larger society. The new approach, so we were assured by its supporters, rested instead on the opposite principle: alternative dispositions and treatment that would emphasize the retention and if possible the expansion of contacts between the deviant and the larger community. At the levels of both rhetoric and practice, deinstitutionalization (as it has also been called) acquired many of the trappings of a social movement during the 1960s and 197Os, most dramatically in the United States and on a somewhat lesser scale in Britain. Over time, it became a movement not confined to the mental health sector, but one that spilled out to encompass the treatment of juvenile delinquents and adult criminals, and even into some more esoteric areas of the social control apparatus. In the long run, however, the patterns that have developed in the mental health sector have diverged quite sharply from those in the criminal justice arena. And since there are many complications associated with trying to generalize about both responses to the mentally ill and responses to the criminal, in this paper attention will be restricted to the former group. (For a comparative discussion of developments in the two sectors, see Scull, 1984a, Afterword.) For many years, decarceration was presented rather unambiguously as a reform. Essentially, it appeared that we were shifting away from an earlier phase in our civilization, wherein the mental hospital had been portrayed as a substitute for the defects of the community (Jones, 1955; Grob, 1966, 1973; Rothman, 197 1; Scull, 1979), towards a policy which urged us to avoid the
Improved Fermentation and Aerobic Stability of Ensiled, High Moisture Corn with the Use of Propionibacterium acidipropionici

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of a bacterial bio-inoculant that produced propionic acid on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of ensiled, high moisture corn. Addition of Propionibacterium acidipropionici DH42 (previously isolated from ensiled, high moisture corn) increased propionic acid content [0.35 vs. 0.03 g/100g of dry matter (DM)] after ensiling for 42 d. In addition, corn treated with P. acidipropionici DH42 had a greater acetic acid concentration, a lower pH, lower numbers of yeasts and molds, and a higher recovery of DM after ensiling for 42 d. The temperature of control corn increased after 3 d of aerobic exposure, and the temperature of corn treated with P. acidipropionici DH42 remained unchanged from the ambient temperature. After 5 d of aerobic exposure, pH and numbers of yeasts, molds, Acetobacter spp., and total aerobic bacteria increased for the control corn, indicating poorer aerobic stability. Propionic acid concentration was higher (0.61 vs. 0 g/100g of DM) after 5 d of aerobic exposure in high moisture corn ensiled with P. acidipropionici DH42. In addition, recovery of organic matter from inoculated corn was greater after 5 d of aerobic exposure. Inoculation of high moisture corn with P. acidipropionici DH42 improved fermentation during ensiling and reduced the aerobic instability of ensiled, high moisture corn.
Air pollution control costs and consumption pattern effects A regional analysis

Abstract The purpose of this study was to ascertain, through the use of an input-output model, the impact of air pollution control costs on income groups in the Philadelphia Region. The range of increases in consumption expenditure was found to be fairly narrow, with the middle-income group bearing the largest increase (2.9%) and the highest and lowest groups slightly lower increases (about 2%). This finding lends support to the proposition that all income groups would probably share the costs of control equally, which leads to a slightly regressive effect on income distribution. The sharing of the region's air quality costs by other areas was also analyzed.
Fluorescent feulgen staining of fungal nuclei.

Abstract A rapid and alternative method for staining nuclei and chromosomes in fungal cells is reported. The method involves use of fluorescent dyes, specifically, auramin-O and acrinol as Schiff reagents. Micrographs depicting the distribution and division of nuclei in cells of four fungi are presented. These micrographs illustrate the potential of fluorescence microscopy for karyological investigations in fungi.
Facetedpedia: enabling query-dependent faceted search for wikipedia

Facetedpedia is a faceted search system that dynamically discovers query-dependent faceted interfaces for Wikipedia search result articles. In this paper, we give an overview of Facetedpedia, present the system architecture and implementation techniques, and elaborate on a demonstration scenario.
Soma-Germ Cell Interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans: Multiple Events of Hermaphrodite Germline Development Require the Somatic Sheath and Spermathecal Lineages

Germ cells complete multiple events to form functional oocytes and sperm. In the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite, germ cells develop in proximity to the somatic gonad sheath and spermathecal cells. We present evidence from cellular laser ablation studies indicating that cells of the somatic sheath and spermathecal lineages play critical roles in four events of hermaphrodite germline development. (1) Cells of the sheath and spermathecal lineage support germline proliferation; ablation of sheath/spermathecal precursor cells reduces mitotic proliferation. (2) These cells also play a role in the exit of germ cells from the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase and/or gamete differentiation; ablation can result in undifferentiated germ cells arrested in pachytene. (3) Proximal sheath and distal spermatheca cells are required for ovulation of the oocyte. During wild-type ovulation, the mature oocyte is expelled from the gonad arm by contraction of the proximal myoepithelial sheath and dilation of the distal spermatheca. Ablation of these cells traps mature oocytes in the gonad arm where they endomitotically replicate their DNA (the Emo phenotype). (4) Cells of the sheath and spermathecal lineage also appear to promote the male germ cell fate since ablation of one sheath/spermathecal precursor cell can feminize the hermaphrodite germ line. These somatic ablation-induced germline phenotypes demonstrate that the somatic gonad is required for multiple events in C. elegans germline development. Further, these results suggest that soma to germline cell-cell interactions in C. elegans are physiological in character (i.e., contraction during ovulation) as well as regulatory.
Early prediction of corn yields from daily weather data and single predetermined seasonal constants

Abstract Since a large portion of year-to-year fluctuation in crop yields is due to weather variations, there have been many efforts to model crop—environment relationships and develop operational yield-prediction systems. However, this effort has been complicated by the fact that the end result (yield) is the summation of many diverse daily responses of plants to environmental factors. Further, most plant responses are not linear, therefore effects of extreme conditions are lost if daily weather variables are averaged over periods of days or weeks and then correlated with plant growth and/or development. The objective of this study was to quantify daily growth responses of maize (Zea mays L.), determine generalized growth—environment relationships, and develop a yield-prediction system adapted to daily input of commonly published weather variables for large areas of production. Daily growth rates obtained in Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota (1978–1979), from measurements of leaf extension, were regressed on selected environmental variables to obtain a growth-prediction equation applicable to average temperature and rainfall data for areas such as crop reporting divisions. Daily values of the growth-prediction equation applied to recorded weather data from Iowa (by crop reporting divisions) for the period 1950–1973 were summed each year for 20, 40 and 60 days from the date 50% of the crop was planted (beginning date), to obtain growth indices for subsequent use in the analysis of growth—yield relationships. Recorded yields 1950–1973 (USDA) were regressed on: growth index, latitude, beginning date, running 15-day sum of maximum temperature, running 15-day sum of percent estimated soil moisture, sum of percent estimated soil moisture from beginning date to prediction, fertilizer applied (nitrogen); and various transformations of these seven basic variables. The prediction equation (specific for Iowa) obtained from this regression (along with the growth-prediction equation) applied to independent data for 1974-177, resulted in yield predictions a few days to a month earlier, and equal or better than the first CRB-SRS-USDA forecasts each year. To extend the system to other states the same procedure is applied for development of appropriate coefficients.
Factor structure and scoring of the SKT test battery

The SKT (Syndrom Kurztest) has been used in the assessment of treatment responses in numerous clinical trials for treatment of dementia in German-speaking Europe. Data from 265 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease in a study conducted in the U.S. were analyzed to evaluate factor structure, common and specific subtest content, reliability, and concurrent validity. Results confirm the presence of two primary factors of memory and attention. Test-retest reliability of the factor scores was estimated to be .75 and .93. Test-retest reliability of the composite SKT total score was .90. The correlations between the SKT memory and attention factor scores and the MMSE and ADAS measurements of dementia also support validity with regard to the broader construct of cognitive dysfunction.
An axiomatic characterization of adaptive-liquidity market makers

Prediction markets offer contingent securities with payoffs linked to future events. The market price of a security reveals information about traders' beliefs, but prediction markets often suffer from low liquidity, which can prevent trades from occurring. One way to inject liquidity into a market is through the use of an automated market maker, an algorithmic agent willing to accept some risk in order to facilitate trades. Abernethy et al. [2013] proposed a general framework for the design of automated market makers, defining a set of axioms that a market should satisfy, and characterizing the class of market makers that satisfy these axioms. However, the liquidity of any market in their class, quantified in terms of the rate at which prices adapt to trades, is fixed a priori and does not change as the volume of trade increases. Othman and Sandholm [2011] proposed a class of liquidity-adaptive markets, but gave little guidance for how to choose a market from within this class. Combining ideas from Abernethy et al. [2013] and Othman and Sandholm [2011], we provide an axiomatic characterization of a parameterized class of automated market makers with adaptive liquidity. A primary advantage of our framework is the ability to analyze important market properties, such as its ability to aggregate information or make a profit, in terms of market parameters, which we do using techniques from convex analysis and geometry. For example, we show that the curvature of the price space can be used to manage a trade-off between information loss and profit. This analysis offers guidance for market designers who wish to choose a particular market maker to implement.
Some interesting observations in chlorine oxyfluoride chemistry

Abstract A new synthesis of FOC10 3 was discovered involving the fluorination of ClO 4 − with ClF 6 + . An unexpected oxygen abstraction from ClF 4 O − was observed when CsClF 4 O was reacted with FOSO 2 F.
Inhibition of β‐galactosidase biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: Effect of alterations of the outer membrane permeability on sensitivity to environmental toxicants

The use of bacteria as test organisms in rapid ecotoxicity assays is under investigation in several laboratories worldwide. However, little attention has been given to the question of permeability of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria to toxicants of environmental interest. We have investigated the effect of physical, chemical, and genetic alterations on the sensitivity of Escherichia coli to environmental toxicants, as measured via inhibition of β-galactosidase biosynthesis. Polymyxin treatment (2 mg/L) was the most promising treatment tested, significantly increasing the sensitivity of wild-type E. coli to pentachlorophenol and sodium dodecyl sulfate. A mutant strain of E. coli (EW1b), with an outer membrane protein alteration (tol C gene), was found to be the most sensitive to hydrophobic compounds and to detergent. EW1b, further sensitized via polymyxin treatment, appears to be a sensitive microorganism for toxicant assay.
Analysis of cell surface glycoconjugates in fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis

Although the basic biochemical defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) is unknown, previous studies have indicated that errors in protein glycosylation may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Utilizing human skin fibroblasts, the present study was designed to quantitatively analyze glycosylation of cell surface glycoconjugates in CF and normal cells. Cell surface glycoconjugates were analyzed using 125I-concanavilin A (Con A), 125I-WGA, and Con A-ferritin conjugates. Under our binding conditions, Con A was used as a probe for mannose residues and WGA was used as a probe for N-acetylglucosamine residues. Saturable binding of both probes was observed and appropriate sugar controls confirmed the specificity of each lectin. When compared on a DNA basis, iodinated lectin binding studies indicated that no consistent differences existed between CF and normal strains of human skin fibroblasts. Ultrastructural quantitative morphometric analysis of Con A-ferritin conjugate binding indicated that neither proteolysis of cell surface glycoconjugates or internalization of lectin probes was occurring at saturable binding concentrations. In summary, our results indicated that no consistent differences in cell surface mannose and N-acetylglucosamine residues could be detected between the normal and CF strains of human skin fibroblasts used in these studies.
Pediatric Lateral Patellar Dislocation: Is There a Role for Plain Radiography in the Emergency Department?

Abstract Background Osteochondral fractures are reported to complicate patellar dislocations in 5–95% of patients. For this reason, post-reduction radiographs are recommended for the routine evaluation of patellar dislocations in all patients. To date, no data have been reported regarding the impact plain radiography has on the Emergency Department (ED) management of pediatric patients with lateral patellar dislocations. Study Objectives To estimate the incidence of fractures detected by post-reduction plain radiographs in pediatric patients presenting with unreduced lateral patellar dislocations and to examine differences in ED management between patients with and without radiographically apparent fractures. Methods Retrospective review of records for pediatric patients who presented to an ED, received a diagnosis of lateral patellar dislocation, and underwent a reduction procedure. Results Of 80 patients who met criteria for inclusion in the study, 8 patients (10%; 95% CI 3–17) had a fracture identified. All patients, regardless of their radiographic findings, had their dislocation reduced uneventfully and were discharged with knee immobilization and a plan for outpatient follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences between those patients who had a detected fracture as compared to those without in terms of intravenous line placement ( p = 1.000), parenteral analgesic administration ( p = 0.965), procedural sedation administration ( p = 0.922), ED length of stay ( p = 0.706), or provision of a prescription for an oral analgesic upon discharge ( p = 0.103). Conclusion Osteochondral fractures were detected by plain radiography in 10% of patients presenting with lateral patellar dislocation and did not alter ED management. Pediatric patients with lateral patellar dislocations may be candidates for discharge from the ED after reduction without plain radiography. The modality by which to best determine the presence of a complicating osteochondral fracture (i.e., plain radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or arthroscopy) may be left to the discretion of the orthopedic surgeon accepting the child in follow-up. Further study is needed to determine if forgoing plain radiographs in the ED decreases length of stay and reduces patient costs.
Healers and strangers. Immigrant attitudes toward the physician in America--a relationship in historical perspective.

The current wave of immigration to the United States—mostly Asians and Latin Americans—may well be the largest in the 20th century. Many newcomers practice habits of health and hygiene deficient by American standards. Some prefer the shaman to the physician and traditional herb remedies to modern medical therapies. Physicians find themselves practicing at an invisible border separating them from their foreign-born patients, where differences of language and culture can lead to misunderstanding and frustration, impeding a physician's ability to gain cooperation with prescribed therapy. Similar issues faced physicians at the turn of the century. Newly arrived Italians, East European Jews, and Chinese were often ambivalent toward physicians and their therapies. Quacks further undermined the physician's credibility among immigrants. Today, some physicians try collaborating with shamans and herbalists to accommodate patients' cultural preferences. Respect for the customs and taboos of immigrant patients pays dividends in physician effectiveness and efficiency. (JAMA. 1990;263:1807-1811)
Semen parameters in adolescents with varicocele: association with testis volume differential and total testis volume.

Purpose: We evaluated the relationship between testicular volume differential, total testis volume and total motile sperm count in adolescents with varicocele. Prior reports have been inconclusive regarding the association of testis volume with semen analysis parameters.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a single institution database of Tanner 5 adolescents with nonoperated left varicocele with at least 1 semen analysis available. Patients were included in analysis if they had clinical left varicocele, ultrasound measurement of testis volume and no prior inguinal or scrotal surgery.Results: We analyzed the records of 100 patients. Mean ± SD age at presentation was 15.2 ± 3.5 years. The mean testicular volume differential was 8% ± 23% and 31 patients (31%) had a greater than 20% testicular volume differential. Mean total testis volume was 30.4 ± 13.3 cc. Varicocele was grade 3 in 39 patients, grade 2 in 50, grade 1 in 8 and ungraded in 3. Median total motile sperm count in the cohort was 42...
A PREDICTIVE MODEL OF EDGE EFFECTS

Edge effects are among the most extensively studied ecological phenomena, yet we lack a general, predictive framework to understand the patterns and variability observed. We present a conceptual model, based on resource distribution, that predicts whether organismal abundances near edges are expected to increase, decrease, or remain unchanged for any species at any edge type. Predictions are based on whether resources are found predominantly in one habitat (decreased abundance in preferred habitat, increase in non-preferred), divided between habitats (predicts an increase near both edges), spread equally among habitats (predicts a neutral edge response), or concentrated along the edge (increase). There are several implications of this model that can explain much of the variability reported in the edge literature. For instance, our model predicts that a species may show positive, negative, and neutral responses, depending on the edge type encountered, which explains some intraspecific variability observed ...