cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Throwing heat and light on Walther Nernst

Walther Nernst (1864–1941) is a central figure in the history of physical chemistry and an important figure in late nineteenth and early twentieth century German science. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1920 for his discovery of the Third Law of Thermodynamics. In addition, he made fundamental contributions to electrochemistry, the theory of solutions, thermodynamics, solid state chemistry and photochemistry. His textbooks in physical chemistry were central to the field. Nernst was also an inventor whose research and inventions flowed from a nexus of linked theoretical and technological issues. Nernst helped found the KaiserWilhelm-Gesellschaft (later the Max Planck Society) and was the host of and a regular participant in the famous Friday afternoon physics discussions in the early 1920s that included Einstein, Planck, von Laue, and Schrodinger among others. Given Nernst’s stature and influence, it is perhaps surprising that until now we have had no biography in English that covers his entire life. Diana Barkan focuses her excellent book, Walther Nernst and the Transition to Modern Physical Science (Cambridge, 1999), primarily on Nernst’s scientific and technological interests before the First World War. An earlier biography by Mendelssohn is, as its title accurately conveys, more about The World of Walther Nernst (Pittsburgh, 1973) than about Nernst himself. Bartel and Huebener’s biography of Nernst’s entire life attempts to fill this gap, paying special attention to his work during and after World War I. They cover Nernst’s early life; his years as a student; his marriage and family life; his assistantship with Ostwald in Leipzig; his first university position in Gottingen; his move to Berlin to assume the chair as Professor of Physical Chemistry; his brief sojourn as director of the Physikalish-Technische Reichsanstalt (PTR) from 1922 until 1924; his move back to the University of Berlin for the rest of the 1920s; and
Progressive joint coding, estimation and transmission censoring in energy-centric wireless data gathering networks

Energy-constrained wireless sensor networks often are designed to measure a spatio-temporal process that is correlated in space, time, or both. The goal of these data-gathering networks is a description of the process that provides the required fidelity with a minimum expenditure of energy. Our approach combines (1) channel coding and estimation/decision processing of coded messages for in-network data censoring with (2) estimation of the encoded and censored information at a fusion center where energy is plentiful. Nodes examine their own messages together with messages from preceding nodes, and compute the fidelity of the estimate at the next node as a function of data censoring proposals. Our algorithm exploits redundancy of two types: intra-message redundancy from channel coding, and inter-message redundancy due to spatio-temporal correlation of the samples. This redundancy is used to alleviate overall energy consumption and message congestion near the fusion center by allowing relaying nodes to censor messages that might otherwise be forwarded, if those messages can be inferred from other messages, given the correlation model. The effect of censoring on fidelity and energy consumption is characterized, and our censoring algorithm shown to provide significant energy savings.
GEOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS DURING ARTIFICIAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE: SOIL-WATER INTERACTIONS OF INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS

Abstract Six soils from two vadose-zone injection wells were used in conjunction with three types of recharge waters (microfiltered reclaimed wastewater; reverse osmosis-treated reclaimed wastewater and membrane-filtered Colorado River water) to evaluate soil–water chemical processes that may alter water quality during recharge of these waters. Batch studies (soil–water slurries; 30-day contact time) and flow-through column studies (upflow mode columns; ∼100 pore volumes over 30 to 100 days) showed that F, Ba and As were leached in appreciable concentrations, whereas leaching of B, Cr, Pb and Se was minimal. In the column study, concentrations often peaked during the first few days of operation (a “washout” phenomenon) and then declined. Precipitation and dissolution reactions may be important from a standpoint of sustained infiltration rates.
Application of phi29 motor pRNA for targeted therapeutic delivery of siRNA silencing metallothionein-IIA and survivin in ovarian cancers.

Ovarian cancer is a highly metastatic and lethal disease, making it imperative to find treatments that target late-stage malignant tumors. The packaging RNA (pRNA) of bacteriophage phi29 DNA-packaging motor has been reported to function as a highly versatile vehicle to carry small interference RNA (siRNA) for silencing of survivin. In this article, we explore the potential of pRNA as a vehicle to carry siRNA specifically targeted to metallothionein-IIa (MT-IIA) messenger RNA (mRNA), and compare it to survivin targeting pRNA. These two anti-apoptotic cell survival factors promote tumor cell viability, and are overexpressed in recurrent tumors. We find that pRNA chimeras targeting MT-IIA are processed into double-stranded siRNA by dicer, are localized within the GW/P-bodies, and are more potent than siRNA alone in silencing MT-IIA expression. Moreover, knockdown of both survivin and MT-IIA expression simultaneously results in more potent effects on cell proliferation in the aggressive ovarian tumor cell lines than either alone, suggesting that therapeutic approaches that target multiple genes are essential for molecular therapy. The folate receptor–targeted delivery of siRNA by the folate-pRNA dimer emphasizes the cancer cell–specific aspect of this system. The pRNA system, which has the capability to assemble into multivalent nanoparticles, has immense promise as a highly potent therapeutic agent.
Intra-Socket and Inter-Socket Communication in Multi-core Systems

The increasing computational and communication demands of the scientific and industrial communities require a clear understanding of the performance trade-offs involved in multi-core computing platforms. Such analysis can help application and toolkit developers in designing better, topology aware, communication primitives intended to suit the needs of various high end computing applications. In this paper, we take on the challenge of designing and implementing a portable intra-core communication framework for streaming computing and evaluate its performance on some popular multi-core architectures developped by Intel, AMD and Sun. Our experimental results, obtained on the Intel Nehalem, AMD Opteron and Sun Niagara 2 platforms, show that we are able to achieve an intra-socket small message latency between 120 and 271 nanoseconds depending on the hardware platform, while the inter-socket small message latency is between 218 and 320 nanoseconds. The maximum intra-socket communication bandwidth ranges from 0.179 (Sun Niagara 2) to 6.5 (Intel Nehalem) GBytes/s. We were also able to obtain an inter-socket communication performance of 1.2 and 6.6 GBytes/s for AMD Opteron and Intel Nehalem, respectively.
Pictorial recognition using affine-invariant spectral signatures

This paper describes an efficient approach to pose invariant object recognition employing pictorial recognition of image patches. A complete affine invariance is achieved by a representation which is based on a new sampling configuration in the frequency domain. Employing Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), the affine transform is decomposed into slant, tilt, swing, scale and 2D translation. From this decomposition, we derive an affine invariant representation that allows to recognize image patches that correspond to object surfaces which are roughly planar-invariant to their pose in space. The representation is in the form of Spectral Signatures that are derived from a set of Cartesian logarithmic-logarithmic (log-log) sampling configuration in the frequency domain. Unlike previous log-polar representations which are not invariant to slant (i.e. foreshortening only in one direction), our new configuration yields complete affine invariance. The proposed log-log configuration can be employed both globally or locally by a Gabor or Fourier transforms. Local representation enables to recognize separately several objects in the same image. The actual signature recognition is performed by multidimensional indexing in a pictorial dataset represented in the frequency domain. The recognition also provides 3D pose information.
Discretization Error Analysis and Adaptive Meshing Algorithms for Fluorescence Diffuse Optical Tomography in the Presence of Measurement Noise

Quantitatively accurate fluorescence diffuse optical tomographic (FDOT) image reconstruction is a computationally demanding problem that requires repeated numerical solutions of two coupled partial differential equations and an associated inverse problem. Recently, adaptive finite element methods have been explored to reduce the computation requirements of the FDOT image reconstruction. However, existing approaches ignore the ubiquitous presence of noise in boundary measurements. In this paper, we analyze the effect of finite element discretization on the FDOT forward and inverse problems in the presence of measurement noise and develop novel adaptive meshing algorithms for FDOT that take into account noise statistics. We formulate the FDOT inverse problem as an optimization problem in the maximum a posteriori framework to estimate the fluorophore concentration in a bounded domain. We use the mean-square-error (MSE) between the exact solution and the discretized solution as a figure of merit to evaluate the image reconstruction accuracy, and derive an upper bound on the MSE which depends upon the forward and inverse problem discretization parameters, noise statistics, a priori information of fluorophore concentration, source and detector geometry, as well as background optical properties. Next, we use this error bound to develop adaptive meshing algorithms for the FDOT forward and inverse problems to reduce the MSE due to discretization in the reconstructed images. Finally, we present a set of numerical simulations to illustrate the practical advantages of our adaptive meshing algorithms for FDOT image reconstruction.
The relationship between acculturation and infant feeding styles in a Latino population

Objective To assess the relationship between parental acculturation and infant feeding style in a sample of Latino parents. Methods A post hoc analysis was performed using data from an ongoing four-site randomized controlled trial to promote early childhood obesity prevention. Cross-sectional data of parent–child dyads at the 12-month well-child visit who self-reported their Latino ethnicity were analyzed. The Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (SASH) and a subset of the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire (IFSQ) that assessed four primary feeding styles were administered. SASH level (low vs. high) with each feeding style was compared by analyses. Results Complete SASH data were available for 398 of 431 Latino dyads. Median SASH score was 1.8 (IQR 1.4-2.7); 82% of participants had low acculturation (score < 3). Of the nine outcome variables, four were significantly associated with SASH: “Laissez-Faire/attention” (AOR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.06-5.13; P = 0.004), “Laissez-Faire/diet quality” (AOR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.7-8.75; P = 0.005), “Pressuring as soothing” (AOR: 3.6; 95% CI:1.63-8.05; P = 0.007), and “Restrictive/diet quality” (AOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.19-0.94; P = 0.031). Conclusions Latino parents with lower acculturation were more likely than those with higher acculturation to endorse feeding styles that are associated with child obesity. Further research is needed to determine why acculturation and feeding style relate.
Low-Complexity and Distributed Energy Minimization in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks

In this work, we study the problem of minimizing the total power consumption in a multi-hop wireless network subject to a given offered load. It is well-known that the total power consumption of multi-hop wireless networks can be substantially reduced by jointly optimizing power control, link scheduling, and routing. However, the known optimal cross-layer solution to this problem is centralized, and with high computational complexity. In this paper, we develop a low-complexity and distributed algorithm that is provably power-efficient. In particular, under the node exclusive interference model, we can show that the total power consumption of our algorithm is at most twice as large as the power consumption of the optimal (but centralized and complex) algorithm. Our algorithm is not only the first such distributed solution with provable performance bound, but its power-efficiency ratio is also tighter than that of another sub-optimal centralized algorithm in the literature.
Cohort Changes in Active Life Expectancy in the U.S. Elderly Population: Experience From the 1982–2004 National Long-Term Care Survey

Methods. We computed active life expectancy and life expectancy using the six National Long-Term Care Surveys done from 1982 to 2004 and linked to continuous-time Medicare service data for the same time period by using a stochastic process model based on disability scores calculated using grade of membership analyses. We simultaneously estimated continuous-time disability dynamic and mortality functions to calculate life tables for specific disability states and for temporally changing mixtures of disability states. Results. Disability dynamics, measured as changes in grade of membership scores, showed significant variation across two birth cohorts followed for 24 years. Disability dynamics and disability-specific hazard functions were significantly improved in the younger cohort (persons aged 65–74 in 1982). Discussion. Our results, supporting the hypothesis of morbidity compression, indicate that younger cohorts of elderly persons are living longer in better health. The methods describe individual disability transitions and mortality and other factors associated with disability changes, making it possible to better evaluate interventions to promote future declines in disability.
Nonparametric Density Estimation, Hypotheses Testing, and Sensor Classification in Centralized Detection

In distributed sensing, the statistical model of the data collected by the sensor elements is often unavailable. In addition, these statistics may vary among the sensors and over time, for instance due to: 1) hardware variations; 2) the sensors' geographical locations; 3) different noise statistics; 4) diverse channel conditions between the sensor elements and the fusion center (FC); and 5) the presence of misbehaving sensors sending false data to the FC. In this paper, we consider the problem of centralized binary hypothesis testing in a wireless sensor network consisting of multiple classes of sensors, where the sensors are classified according to the probability density function (PDF) of their received data (at the FC) under each hypothesis. The sensor nodes transmit their observed data to the FC, which must classify the nodes and detect the state of nature. To optimally fuse the data, the FC must also estimate the PDFs of the sensors' observations. We develop a method based on the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the PDFs for each sensor class, to classify the sensors, and to detect the underlying hypotheses. The estimation of PDFs is nonparametric in that no prior model is assumed. Simulation results using fewer than three iterations of the EM algorithm demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
NAD-dependent dehydrogenase bioelectrocatalysis: the ability of a naphthoquinone redox polymer to regenerate NAD

Electron mediation between NAD-dependent enzymes using quinone moieties typically requires the use of a diaphorase as an intermediary enzyme. The ability for a naphthoquinone redox polymer to independently oxidize enzymatically-generated NADH is demonstrated for application to glucose/O2 enzymatic fuel cells.
Professional Distress and Meaning in Health Care: Why Professional Empathy Can Help

For human service care providers working in hospitals, balancing the motivation for interpersonal engagement with patients alongside self-protective emotional boundaries is a familiar struggle. Empathy is a critical, although not thoroughly understood, aspect of patient care as well as an important ingredient for feeling work satisfaction and meaning. However, empathy can lead to feelings of sympathetic emotional distress and even burnout. This article uses an illustrative case study from a medical social worker in the emergency room to explore these themes of empathy, burnout, and the search for meaning in work. The discussion examines areas for further empirical study and intervention to support care-provider empathy and avoid burnout.
Inter-Nation Simulation and Contemporary Theories of International Relations*

The purpose of this article is to compare the Inter-Nation Simulation (INS)—developed by Harold Guetzkow and his colleagues at North-western University and now employed in a number of universities throughout the country—to verbal theories of international relations. It will not be a discussion of the methodological foundations of the simulation but an analytical comparison, primarily on the level of middle-range theory, of the substantive assumptions contained in INS with contemporary international relations theory. Although the primary purpose of this article is to compare the two bodies of theory, it will inevitably raise questions concerning the validity of the Inter-Nation Simulation model and the value of simulation as a general approach to theory. In terms of the former question, it is necessary to remember that the simulators themselves are theorists, albeit a special type. Consequently, the comparison is more a reliability check on simulation and verbal theorists than a validity check on either. The lack of congruence between the assumptions of the simulation and the assumptions of the verbal theorists does not necessarily indicate that the simulation model lacks validity, since the verbal theorist has no monopoly on valid hypotheses. If the author's assumption that simulation is a way of theorizing about international relations is correct, the following comparison should yield some idea about the value of simulation in building a firm theoretical basis for a science of international relations. Forced to be abstract as well as explicit and parsimonious, those using simulation must approach the task of theorizing with a different operational code than the verbal theorists.
Effect of Propolis and Ginkgo Extract on Lowering Blood Lipids

Objective To study the effect of propolis and ginkgo extract on blood lipids in patients with high blood lipids.Methods A total of 106 adult patients with hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into test group and control group.The patients in test group were given propolis and ginkgo extract,while the patients in control group took the placebo for 45 days.The relevant safety and efficacy indicators were measured at the beginning and the end of the test.Results There were statistically significant differences in CHOL and TG between before and after eating the test food(P0.05),moreover,as compared with before the test,the CHOL and TG decreased by 10.25% and 19.77% respectively after the test.There were statistically significant differences in the CHOL and TG between before and after the test in test group as well as between test group and control group after the test(P0.05).After the test,no statistically significant difference was found in the HDL-C between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusions Propolis and ginkgo extract can decrease the blood lipid of hyperlipemia patients effectively.
Implementation of SWPBIS in high school: Why is it different?

ABSTRACTSchoolwide Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports (SWPBIS) is a framework for establishing a schoolwide positive social culture with a continuum of behavior supports and an effective learning environment for all students. This framework was initially implemented in elementary and middle schools and more recently in high schools. Coaches for high schools implementing SWPBIS often comment on how implementation looks different in high schools and takes longer. This article explores how the high school context (i.e., size of school and organizational culture, developmental age of students) impacts the foundational systems of the SWPBIS framework (i.e., leadership system, communication system, data system) and how coaches and others can take this into consideration when supporting high schools in implementation.
The role of vasopressin V1A receptors in cytotoxic brain edema formation following brain injury.

The hormone and neuropeptide arginine-vasopressin is designated to the maintenance of osmotic homoeostasis and blood pressure regulation. While experimental data show vasopressin V1A receptors to regulate aquaporin (AQP)4 water channel dependent brain water movement, the specific role in vasogenic and cytotoxic edema formation remains unclear. The present study was designed to quantify the V1A receptor mediated regional brain edema formation in two clinically relevant experimental models, brain injury combined with secondary insult and focal ischemia. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a continuous infusion of vehicle (1 % DMSO) or the selective non-peptide V1A antagonist SR49059 (83nM = 1 mg/kg) starting before controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury plus hypoxia and hypotension (HH, 30 min), or middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (2 h + 2 h reperfusion). A global analysis of brain water content by the wet/dry weight method allowed optimizing the SR49059 dosage, and demonstrated the down-regulation of brain AQP4 expression by immunoblotting. Microgravimetrical quantification in 64 one mm3 samples per animal (n = 6 per group) from bregma +2.7 to −6.3 mm analysis demonstrated brain edema to be reduced at 4 h by SR49059 treatment in the injured and contralateral cortex following CCI + HH (p = 0.007, p < 0.001) and in the infarct area following MCA occlusion (p = 0.013, p = 0.002, p = 0.004). Our findings demonstrate that an early cytotoxic brain edema component following brain injury plus secondary insult or focal ischemia results from a vasopressin V1A receptor mediated response, and occurs most likely through AQP4 up-regulation. The V1A antagonist SR49059 offers a new avenue in brain edema treatment and prompts further study into the role of vasopressin following brain injury.
Determination of consistent semiempirical one-centre integrals based on coupled-cluster theory

ABSTRACTWe examine the one-centre integrals used in semiempirical molecular orbital theory, for the elements H–Ne. The currently used parameters do not provide good estimates for the relative energies of ionised states of atoms. Directly calculating the one-electron integrals Uss and Upp with coupled-cluster theory and fitting the two-electron repulsion integrals Gss and Gpp to accurate coupled-cluster ionisation curves improves this behaviour. Since all the remaining parameters can be derived from these, the number of fitted variables is reduced from seven to two. The two-parameter model provides qualitative agreement with coupled-cluster theory for all ionisation potentials (IPs) and the principal electron affinity (EA). To obtain quantitative agreement for the principal IP and EA, Uss and Upp are included as variables in a four-parameter model. We discuss the new parameters and implications for the development of new, consistent semiempirical Hamiltonians.
Evolutions in exhibition catalogues of African art

Since their appearance in the early 20th century, catalogues prepared for exhibitions of African art have undergone a gradual transformation. Beginning as mere checklists many of these publications have, in the 1970s and 80s, evolved into major scholarly works whose significance transcends their original purpose as guides to the exhibitions. Changes occurring over the years are traced through examination of the form and content of representative catalogues and by review of the reception by art historians of many of these works into the corpus of literature of African art. The growing importance of exhibition catalogues as important art historical documents is also demonstrated by a chronological analysis of bibliographic citations in the major scholarly journal of African art in the United States. Finally, scrutiny of sources and annotations included in an important bibliographic guide to the literature of African art indicates how firmly established the exhibition catalogue has become as one of the most important publication forms for the dissemination of scholarly writing on African art. [This paper won the ARLIS/NA Gerd Muehsam Award for 1986. We hope to publish a sequel in a future issue, on exhibitions of African art in Africa and the development of catalogues written by Africans. Editor].
Specific Antibody Deficiency with Normal Immunoglobulins

Specific antibody deficiency (SAD) is a common antibody immunodeficiency defined as a poor antibody response to unconjugated pneumococcal polysccharides present in the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23). All immunoglobulin concentrations, including IgG subclasses, are normal, and antibody responses to protein antigens (e.g., tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid) are also normal in most patients. In some patients with SAD, the response to the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines is also normal. The clinical manifestations of specific antibody deficiency include recurrent otitis media; sinopulmonary infections such as sinusitis; bronchitis; and pneumonia. In SAD patients these infections are more frequent or severe than infections observed in normal children or adults. There is not a single pathogenic mechanism for specific anti-polysaccharide antibody deficiencies. The variable conditions in which an inability to respond to polysaccharides is found suggest that many different immunologic phenotypes may lead to the same clinical phenotypic antibody deficiency. The interpretation of anti-pneumococcal antibody concentration results is based on increased post-immunization antibody concentrations over pre-immunization concentrations (immune response) and on the final post-immunization antibody concentrations, regardless of increase from pre-immunization concentrations (antibody concentration). The management of SAD, including prevention and treatment of recurrent infections, can be classified into the following broad categories: additional immunization, antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment, and immune serum globulin therapy. The immunologic phenotypes of SAD may be transient or permanent. Even in permanent phenotypes, the natural history of SAD is usually benign with proper management of these patients. Further insights into the pathogenesis of this immunodeficiency will allow further understanding of the correlation between immunologic and clinical phenotypes of SAD.
Computational Prediction and Analysis of the NAPP – DR6 Interaction: Implications for Alzheimer's Research

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that involves a devastating clinical course and lacks an effective treatment. A biochemical model for neuronal development that might have implications for AD, recently proposed by Nikolaev and co-workers, hinges on a novel protein-protein interaction between the death cell receptor six (DR6) ectodomain and an N-terminal fragment of amyloid precursor protein (NAPP). The model provides a coherent and satisfying framework for better understanding AD pathophysiology. Moreover, the DR6-NAPP interaction offers a tempting target for novel pharmacological intervention. Given all of this, we constructed a structural model of the DR6-NAPP interaction using the neurotrophin p75 receptor as a template. Importantly, crucial steps in the modeling pipeline were independently validated using the p75 receptor. The final docked model shows excellent agreement with a variety of biophysical and theoretical data sets. Particularly worth noting is the excellent observed agreement between the theoretically calculated DR6-NAPP binding free energy and the corresponding experimental quantity. In brief, the balance of the evidence suggests that the DR6-NAPP model proposed here should prove useful in future studies, modeling work and efforts aimed at structure-based drug design.
PTSD: from neurobiology to pharmacological treatments

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic debilitating psychiatric disorder characterized by symptoms of re-experience, avoidance, and hyperarousal that can arise immediately or many years after exposure to a traumatic event and injury. Although extensive research has been done over the past 30 years, the etiology of PTSD remains largely unknown. Several neurobiological systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology and vulnerability for developing PTSD; however, first-line pharmacotherapies are limited. Less than 30% achieve full remission, and even then, approved pharmacological treatments often take weeks for therapeutic effect. This article aims to review the pathophysiology of PTSD within multiple neurobiological systems and how these mechanisms are used as pharmacologic targets of treatment, as well as their potential for future targets of intervention.
Determination of acoustic waveguide invariant using ships as sources of opportunity in a shallow water marine environment

The waveguide invariant (WGI) is a property that can be used to localize acoustic radiators and extract information about the environment. Here the WGI is determined using ships as sources of opportunity, tracked using the Automatic Identification System (AIS). The relationship between range, acoustic intensity, and frequency for a ship in a known position is used to determine the WGI parameter β. These β values are interpolated and a map of β is generated. The method is demonstrated using data collected in a field experiment on a single hydrophone in a shallow water environment off the coast of Southern California.
A 16 b Multi-Step Incremental Analog-to-Digital Converter With Single-Opamp Multi-Slope Extended Counting

This paper presents a multi-step incremental analog-to-digital converter (IADC) using multi-slope extended counting. Only one active integrator is used in the three-step conversion cycle. The accuracy of the IADC is extended by having it configured asmulti-slope ADCs in two additional steps. The proposed IADC uses the same circuitry as a first-order IADC (IADC1), but it exhibits better performance than a second-order IADC. For the same accuracy, the conversion cycle is shortened by a large factor (by more than 29 for the implemented device) compared with that of a conventional single-step IADC1. Fabricated in 0.18 $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process, the prototype ADC occupies 0.5 mm2. With a 642 kHz clock, it achieves an SNDR of 52.2 dB in the first step. The SNDR is boosted to 79.8 dB in the second step and to 96.8 dB in the third step, over a 1 kHz signal band. The power consumption is 35 $\mu \text{W}$ from a 1.5 V power supply. This gives an excellent Schreier figure of merit of 174.6 dB.
Queer Korean cinema, national others, and making of queer space in Stateless Things (2011)

ABSTRACTThis article examines the spatial politics and aesthetics of queer Korean cinema through a close reading of Stateless Things (Jultak dongsi, Kim Kyung-mook, 2011). The focus of this article is twofold. Firstly, it explores the way in which the film experiments with both narrative and formalistic elements in critiquing South Korean national logic of progress and their ethnocentrism. Secondly, it delineates the queer use of space in the film. Through a careful examination of the film, this article argues that the virtue of queer Korean cinema lies in its ardent effort to reinstate the history of socially marginalized people on screen and to disclose the aspects of queer lives that cannot be subsumed under the heteronormative logic of progress.
Sex differences during place learning in the túngara frog

The adaptive specialization hypothesis states that sex differences in cognition are shaped by differences in cognitive demands to solve ecological problems. While it is widely accepted that female mate choice can lead to the evolution of exaggerated male traits, mate choice might also select for different cognitive abilities in males and females. In the tungara frog, Physalaemus (= Engystomops) pustulosus, males call from a fixed position in breeding ponds while females visit multiple males before returning to the preferred mate. Thus, we predicted that females have better place memory than males. We tested this prediction in a place-learning task in which the rewarded arm of a maze was associated with a visual cue. We found that females were able to use the visual cue to solve the task while males were not, even though both males and females could discriminate the cues in an optomotor test. In contrast, males attempted to solve the task using egocentric cues (remember body-turn direction) in spite of the fact that our training procedure interrupted their use of such cues. Finally, we found that males and females had similar motivation to solve the task but females showed a greater ability to inhibit incorrect responses, leading to improved learning. Our finding that females could use a visual cue to remember locations in space is consistent with the idea that place memory could improve sequential mate assessment in tungara frogs.
SAR imagery via frequency shift keying Costas coding

This paper develops methods for using frequency shift keying (FSK) Costas-coded transmission waveforms in order to generate synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. This analysis examines the use of a specific Costas sequence waveform in order to generate FSK modulation. A matched correlation receiver is used to form SAR imagery corresponding to the transmitted Costas-coded waveforms. This investigation demonstrates the ability to generate SAR images via simulated radar measurement data collected by a notional radar platform that transmits and receives Costas-coded waveforms. This analysis examines the resulting spotlight-mode SAR imagery that are generated through the use of the Costas-coded transmission waveforms.
Survival impact of initial local therapy selection for men under 60 with high risk prostate cancer.

5082Background: The impact of initial local therapy selection on survival for high risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients remains uncertain. We sought to assess this effect, while limiting competing c...
Embedded memories for mobile, IoT, automotive and high performance computing

Embedded memories play an important role to enable applications for mobile, IoT, security and high performance computing. In this paper, we presented the SRAM and non-volatile memories for different applications.
DNA damage, metabolism and aging in pro-inflammatory T cells: Rheumatoid arthritis as a model system.

The aging process is the major driver of morbidity and mortality, steeply increasing the risk to succumb to cancer, cardiovascular disease, infection and neurodegeneration. Inflammation is a common denominator in age-related pathologies, identifying the immune system as a gatekeeper in aging overall. Among immune cells, T cells are long-lived and exposed to intense replication pressure, making them sensitive to aging-related abnormalities. In successful T cell aging, numbers of naive cells, repertoire diversity and activation thresholds are preserved as long as possible; in maladaptive T cell aging, protective T cell functions decline and pro-inflammatory effector cells are enriched. Here, we review in the model system of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) how maladaptive T cell aging renders the host susceptible to chronic, tissue-damaging inflammation. In T cells from RA patients, known to be about 20years pre-aged, three interconnected functional domains are altered: DNA damage repair, metabolic activity generating energy and biosynthetic precursor molecules, and shaping of plasma membranes to promote T cell motility. In each of these domains, key molecules and pathways have now been identified, including the glycolytic enzymes PFKFB3 and G6PD; the DNA repair molecules ATM, DNA-PKcs and MRE11A; and the podosome marker protein TKS5. Some of these molecules may help in defining targetable pathways to slow the T cell aging process.
A Combinatorial Approach to Wilson’s Theorem for Finite Abelian Groups

Here, we will obtain a few results in group theory without using the standard theorems of Lagrange and Cauchy, or even the basic algebraic concepts of subgroups, quotient groups, or homomorphisms. ...
Reduced Antifungal Susceptibility of Vulvovaginal Candida Species at Normal Vaginal pH Levels: Clinical Implications

ObjectiveThe aims of the study were to assess for differences in antifungal in vitro potency at pH 7 and pH 4 and to discuss any potential clinical implications of that difference.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of 217 first positive yeast cultures from 217 patients. Yeast isolates und
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of orally administered torsemide in healthy horses

BACKGROUND Diuretic treatment is the mainstay for management of congestive heart failure in horses, and its use has been restricted to injectable medications because no currently data supports the use of PO administered loop diuretics. OBJECTIVES To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of PO administered torsemide and, determine if PO administered torsemide, could be used as an alternative to injectable diuretics in the horse. ANIMALS Six healthy adult mares. METHODS A 2-phase, prospective study, that consisted of pharmacokinetic profiling of a single dose (6 mg/kg PO) and pharmacodynamic effects of long-term torsemide administration (2 mg/kg PO q12h) for 6 days in healthy horses. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic analysis identified a peak concentration (Cmax ) of 10.14 µg/mL (range, 6.79-14.69 µg/mL) and elimination half-life (T1/2 ) 9.2 hours (range, 8.4-10.4 hours). The area under the plasma drug concentration over time curve (AUC) was 80.7 µg × h/mL (range, 56.5-117.2 µg × h/mL). A statistically significant increase in urine volume and decrease in urine specific gravity were found from day 0 (baseline) to day 6 (P < .0001). Significant alterations in biochemical variables included hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and increased serum creatinine concentration. Mean arterial blood pressure significantly decreased on day 6 (57.7 ± 8.8 mm Hg, P = .001) as compared with baseline (78 ± 6.1 mm Hg). Serum aldosterone concentrations significantly increased after 6 days of torsemide administration (P = .0006). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE PO administered torsemide (4 mg/kg/day) successfully reached therapeutic concentrations in blood, induced clinically relevant diuresis, and resulted in moderate pre-renal azotemia and electrolyte disturbances.
Investigation of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Highly Porous Calcium Aluminates

The problems of skeletal attachment have stimulated biomaterials researchers to examine high strength porous materials designed to accept bone tissue ingrowth as a means of attaching load bearing devices to the skeletal system. In this application, the porous material provides a scaffolding into which tissue will grow and thus anchor the porous body to the living tissue and at the same time distribute the mechanical load over a large area, thereby minimizing the problem of local stress concentrations.
Advocacy for Art Education: Beyond Tee-Shirts and Bumper Stickers.

(2012). Advocacy for Art Education: Beyond Tee-Shirts and Bumper Stickers. Art Education: Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 20-23.
Confidence Intervals vs Bayesian Intervals (1976)

We come now to the most polemical of all my articles. There are several reasons for this heated style. Firstly, most of it was written in 1963, as a reply to the ‘astonishing article’ of Bross referred to, whose polemics make mine seem unimaginative. Indeed, his anti-Bayesian tirade contained nothing but polemics, unsupported by a single technical fact. But had he taken the trouble to read Jeffreys, he would have found demonstrations, on the level of technical fact with no polemics, of the falsity of his charges.
Adhesion of Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus to Surfactant-Decorated Dodecane Droplets.

We investigate the effect of interfacial properties on the adhesion of bacteria at oil/water interfaces using confocal microscopy. Surfactant-decorated dodecane droplets of diameter 20–60 μm are generated using a coflow microfluidic device, introduced into an aqueous saline suspension of Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus bacteria, and imaged in 3-D over time. Using image analysis algorithms, we determine the number of bacteria adhering at oil/water interfaces over time in the presence of dioctyl sodium succinate (DOSS), a component of the dispersant used in oil-spill recovery. The adsorption of bacteria at the oil/water interface follows Langmuir first-order kinetics for all droplet sizes, with the greatest areal number density of bacteria adhered to the smallest droplets. We vary the surfactant type [DOSS, dicyclohexyl sodium sulfosuccinate, dibutyl sodium sulfosuccinate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and Tween 20] and concentration and examine the effects on long-time adhesion of bacteria. For a fixe...
1422-P: Human Milk Composition in Type 2 Diabetes Imparts Higher Insulin Exposure

Little is known about human milk (HM) composition in T2 diabetes (T2DM) and data support that HM insulin may be absorbed from the immature newborn gut and be metabolically active. We characterized HM composition and measured fasting and 90 min postprandial insulin and glucose (gluc) in HM (mid-feed) and plasma in 12 T2DM mothers (BMI 32± 4) after a 60 g carb meal at 2 weeks postpartum. We compared fasting HM samples with 12 normoglycemic (NGT) and 10 GDM mothers who were matched by BMI and infant sex. The study was powered on our hypothesis that fasting HM insulin would be higher in T2DM (2 insulin requiring). All macronutrients and energy density (Miris) in HM of T2DM were in the expected range (mean fat 4.1; protein 1.6; carbs 7.2 g/100mL; energy 74 kcal/100ml) and did not differ postprandially. Notably, paired fasting HM insulin in T2DM was 30.2 and 16.1 μIU/mL higher in the NGT (p Disclosure R. Rodel: None. J. Martin Carli: None. N. Hirsch: None. K.P. Heiss: None. T.L. Hernandez: None. N.F. Krebs: None. L.A. Barbour: None. B. Young: None. Funding Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (UL1TR000154); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR002535); National Institutes of Health (T32DK007658-28), (R01DK101659 to T.L.H.), (F32-HD0978068), (T32-DK007658-21); Thrasher Research Fund; University of Colorado Center for Women’s Health Research
'-Omics' shed light on B cells in lupus.

Epigenetic and transcriptional analyses of B cell subsets from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus reveal extensive effects of the disease environment and identify previously unknown connections and regulators of DN2 B cells and ABC-like cells.
Examining the Experiences of Remaining Employees after a Coworker Dismissal: Initial Message Characteristics, Information Seeking, Uncertainty, and Perceived Social Costs:

Organizational exit can be turbulent. This study examines the communication surrounding coworker dismissal, including how remaining employees learn about a coworker’s dismissal and what predicts re...
XRD and SEM/EDS characterization of two quaternary fuel alloys (U-2.5Mo-2.5Ti-5.0Zr and U-1.5Mo-1.5Ti-7.0Zr in wt. %) for fast reactors

Abstract The current study focuses on characterization of two potential fuel alloys for sodium-cooled fast reactors: U-2.5Mo-2.5Ti-5.0Zr (U-MT5Z) and U-1.5Mo-1.5Ti-7.0Zr (U-MT7Z) in wt. %. As-cast alloys and annealed (600 °C, 500 h) alloys are studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) for their bulk structures, and scanning electron microscopy / energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) for their microstructures and phase constituents. For as-cast alloys, the XRD results show that U-MT5Z mainly contains γ, while U-MT7Z alloy contains α. In both alloys, there are three phases indicated by EDS, a U-rich phase, secondary phase, and Zr-rich phase. The elemental compositions varied in different phases and in different alloys. After annealing, both alloys exhibit the structures of α-U and U2Ti according to XRD. The EDS results suggest there are five phases found in both alloys.
Variability in adherence to goal-directed transfusion protocols and inter-physician variability: an odd phenomenon

Introduction On May 15, 2019, we implemented an institutional goal-directed transfusion protocol based on thromboelastography (TEG) for cardiac surgeries in an effort to eliminate unjustifiably high non-RBC blood product usage [1]. Standardization of care delivery attenuates inter-provider variability and improves clinical, operational and financial outcomes for patients and the healthcare system [2,3]. The objective of this prospective single-center study is to describe overall guideline adherence and inter-physician variability to protocol adherence. Methods We prospectively collected transfusion data on all consecutive cardiac surgeries performed between May 2019 and January 2020. Based on our transfusion guideline recommendations, we calculated the observed to expected (O:E) transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), platelet, and cryoprecipitate for all 6 cardiac surgeons and 8 anesthesiologists on staff; O:E 1 refer to under-transfusion, adequate-transfusion, and over-transfusion per guideline recommendations, respectively. Descriptive data is described as percentages, means and standard deviations. Results Between May 2019 and January 2020, we collected 128 cases. Protocol adherence (O:E = 1) was 57% after adjusting to surgeons, and 65% after adjusting for anesthesiologists. Over-transfusion (O:E >1) is most common for FFP followed by platelets, and the variability is pronounced especially amongst surgeons, when stratified by specialty. Under-transfusion (O:E Discussion Herein, we observe two important phenomena related to implementing an institutional goal-directed transfusion protocol for cardiac surgery; 1. Despite an agreed-upon protocol, close to 30% of surgeons and anesthesiologists deviate, and 2. Despite efforts at standardization, inter-physician variability in care delivery remains. Future work will be directed at identifying barriers to physician adherence to recommended guidelines as they relate our institutional transfusion practices [3].
Disorder or Disadvantage: Investigating the Tension Between Neighborhood Social Structure and the Physical Environment on Local Violence:

A renewed interest in understanding the relationship of the built environment with neighborhood crime patterns has encouraged researchers to utilize novel methods (e.g., risk terrain modeling) to b...
Convergence properties of a pulsed neural network

Summary form only given, as follows. A neural network based on pulse-width-modulated signals is described. Simulation results for the pulsed equivalent of a two-neuron Hopfield network show that proper convergence is achieved with only meager low-pass filtering. This suggests that temporal information may be of little importance in a certain class of pulsed neural network architectures. >