cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vivo assessment of scapulohumeral rhythm during unconstrained overhead reaching in asymptomatic subjects

Background The contribution of scapulothoracic and glenohumeral motion to overall shoulder motion remains difficult to determine. We sought to determine the exact ratio between these two motion components in order to better understand overall shoulder kinematics in asymptomatic individuals in unconstrained reaching. Materials and methods This study assessed shoulder motion using bone-fixed sensors to quantify scapulohumeral motion during unconstrained raising and lowering of the arm. Electromagnetic tracking devices rigidly fixed to bone pins recorded active scapular and humeral motion. Results We found a significant difference in the ratio of glenohumeral elevation to scapular upward rotation during arm raising (2.3) and lowering (2.7). Each degree of glenohumeral elevation yielded scapular upward rotation of 0.43° (raising) compared with downward rotation of 0.37° (lowering), across the motion arc. Until 125° of glenohumeral elevation, the scapula internally rotated and then externally rotated with further elevation. Scapular upward rotation and posterior tilting progressively increased until maximal elevation. Scapulohumeral rhythm was greatest in the first increment of raising the arm and higher overall when lowering the arm. Discussion Understanding these data allows improved evaluation of potential motion abnormalities in patients with shoulder pathology and may improve treatment for restoration of normal shoulder motion.
The beginning television course

All too often, strong opinions are held without regard to detailed knowledge of the subject involved. Current controversies show that the question of course content in professional broadcasting education is no exception. Regardless of the viewpoint held, a supply of adequate data relevant to the question should be welcomed by all. The Journal undertakes to supply as much data as possible relevant to broadcasting education, the most recent example being Harold Niven's “Fourth Annual Survey of Colleges and Universities Offering Course Work in Radio and Television, 1958–1959”; published in the Fallissue.
Conformational selection in trypsin-like proteases

For over four decades, two competing mechanisms of ligand recognition — conformational selection and induced-fit — have dominated our interpretation of protein allostery. Defining the mechanism broadens our understanding of the system and impacts our ability to design effective drugs and new therapeutics. Recent kinetics studies demonstrate that trypsin-like proteases exist in equilibrium between two forms: one fully accessible to substrate (E) and the other with the active site occluded (E*). Analysis of the structural database confirms existence of the E* and E forms and vouches for the allosteric nature of the trypsin fold. Allostery in terms of conformational selection establishes an important paradigm in the protease field and enables protein engineers to expand the repertoire of proteases as therapeutics.
The Cross-Generational Transmission of Trauma: Ritual and Emotion among Survivors of the Holocaust:

This article investigates the role of ritual in the cross-generational transmission of trauma among first- and second-generation Holocaust survivors. Based on a qualitative study of thirty-five second-generation survivors, the research examines the extent to which Jewish rituals were maintained in the postwar home and the ways in which the ritual life of the survivors conveyed the traumas of the past through the emotional dynamics of ritual observance. The findings of the research suggest that ritual was an important site of emotional exchange within survivor families and that in adulthood, the children of survivors have engaged in ritual innovation to separate from their traumatized parents. The principles of self-in-relation theory are used to illuminate the social psychological dimensions of ritualized transference across generations.
Variability in the benthic Mn flux in coastal marine ecosystems resulting from temperature and primary production1

The flux of Mn2+ from estuarine sediments contained in large cylinders was studied over a 14-month period by periodically capping the entire 2.5-m2 sediment surface with a benthic chamber. The seasonal magnitude in the Mn 2+ flux could be described by an exponential function of the temperature. IIowcver, the flux at a given temperature varied by a factor of 6-10. During summer (June-September), Mn flux was strongly correlated not to temperature but to the average primary productivity during the month preceding the flux determination. Significant correlations between Mn flux and primary productivity were also obtained for discrete 15-day intervals up to 68 days before the flux measurement. Postflux correlations were not significant except for a 2-week interval immediately following the measurement when annual data were considered. The results suggest that the input of new organic matter to the sediments exerts a major control over the production of Mn”+ in anoxic sediments and that temperature relationships alone do not predict the magnitude nor variability in benthic Mn flux.
Preparation of some nitrile-ruthenium(II) complexes and their reactions with carbon monoxide

Abstract A new series of complexes of the type dichlorotetra(nitrile)ruthenium(II) [(RCN) 4 RuCl 2 ; R = CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , n-C 3 H 7 , i-C 3 H 7 , C 6 H 5 , C 6 H 5 CH 2 ] was prepared by the catalyzed reduction of “RuCl 3 , 3H 2 O” by hydrogen gas over Adam's catalyst in solution in the appropriate nitrile. (RCN) 4 RuBr 2 (R = CH 3 , C 2 H 5 ) were also prepared by both this direct method and by metathesis of the dichloride with lithium bromide in methanol. (CH 3 CN) 4 RuBrCl was prepared by a similar short-term metathesis. Far i.r. spectroscopy indicated a trans configuration for all the complexes. Reaction with carbon monoxide in boiling methanol produced (RCN) 3 (CO)RuCl 2 , while in boiling acetone (RCN) 2 (CO) 2 RuCl 2 resulted.
Lidar depolarization from multiple scattering in marine stratus clouds

The generation of ruby lidar depolarization from multiple scattering in marine stratus clouds has been examined systematically from a field site on the southern California coast. Investigated were the effects on the linear depolarization ratio δ of lidar receiver field of view (FOV), elevation angle, and laser alignment error. An approximately linear increase in maximum δ values was observed with increasing receiver FOV, and the importance of accurate transmitter/receiver alignment has been demonstrated. An elevation angle dependence to the δ values was observed as a consequence of the vertical inhomogeneity of water cloud content above cloud base. Time histories of the depolarization characteristics of dissipating stratus clouds revealed significant variability in δ values due to cloud composition variations. Employing a 1-mrad transmiter FOV, maximum δ values of 0.21 and 0.33 were observed with 1- and 3-mrad receiver FOVs, respectively.
A Novel Intranasal Stent for Functional Rhinoplasty and Nostril Stenosis

Objectives/Hypothesis: The surgical correction of nostril stenosis and external nasal valve collapse typically involves the addition of tissue to widen and strengthen these areas. However, over the ensuing months, postoperative scar contracture may act to reverse the surgical modifications. This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of the use of nasal stents fashioned from a nasopharyngeal airway tube to prevent postoperative contracture at these sites. Study Design: Retrospective review of six patients who underwent functional rhinoplasty with alar batten graft placement for nasal valve collapse and one patient who underwent composite graft repair of unilateral nostril stenosis. Methods: Patients completed a survey inquiring about the ease of use, discomfort, presence of infection, and ability to breathe with these nasal stents. Patients also completed the NOSE (nasal obstruction symptom evaluation) instrument to compare their overall level of preoperative and postoperative nasal breathing. The functional rhinoplasty patients were examined for degree of dynamic airway nasal wall collapse and position of the lateral nasal wall on intranasal examination. Results: Six of seven patients overall reported no to minimal discomfort, easy application, and no to minimal obstruction of nasal breathing with the use of the stents. One patient reported difficulty with application. Preoperative NOSE scores averaged 67.1 (SD 10.4), 18.6 (SD 14.6) at the time of splint removal, and 21.4 (SD 15.2) at 3 months after stent removal. Paired t test analysis showed significant differences between the NOSE scores preoperatively as compared with the time of splint removal (P = .0002) or 3 months after splint removal (P = .0003). All patients demonstrated a significant reduction of lateral nasal wall collapse with inspiration on physical examination. Conclusions: The use of nasal stents made from nasopharyngeal airway tubes is a safe, convenient, and economic treatment for the prevention of contracture after surgical correction of nostril stenosis or nasal valve insufficiency.
Staged repair of acute Type I aortic dissection and coarctation in pregnancy

A 29-year-old gravid female presented at 22 weeks gestation with an acute Type I aortic dissection and coarctation of the aorta. She underwent emergent repair of her aortic dissection using cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia. At 25 weeks gestation, she underwent repair of her coarctation of the aorta. The patient had a cesarean delivery of a viable, normal male infant at 39 weeks gestation.
Innate immune activation potentiates alloimmune lung disease independent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3

Background Pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and allograft rejection after lung transplant are parallel immunologic processes that lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Our murine model of pulmonary GVHD after inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suggests that innate immune activation potentiates pulmonary transplant-related alloimmunity. We hypothesized that the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3) receptor is necessary for the development of LPS-induced pulmonary GVHD. Methods Recipient mice underwent allogeneic or syngeneic HCT, followed by inhaled LPS. CXCR3 inhibition was performed by using CXCR3-knockout donors or by systemic anti-CXCR3 antibody blockade. Pulmonary histopathology, cellular sub-populations, cytokine proteins, and transcripts were analyzed. Results Compared with the lungs of LPS-unexposed and syngeneic controls, lungs of LPS-exposed allogeneic HCT mice demonstrated prominent lymphocytic peri-vascular and peri-bronchiolar infiltrates. This pathology was associated with increased CD4 + and CD8 + T cells as well as an increase in CXCR3 expression on T cells, a 2-fold upregulation of CXCR3 transcript, and a 4-fold increase in its ligand CXCL10/Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10). CXCR3 inhibition using gene-knockout strategy or antibody blockade did not change the severity of pulmonary pathology, with a mean pathology score of 6.5 for sufficient vs 6.5 for knockout ( p = 1.00) and a mean score of 6.8 for antibody blockade vs 7.4 for control ( p = 0.46). CXCR3 inhibition did not prevent CD3 infiltration or prevent production of interleukin-12p40 or significantly change other Th1, Th2, or Th17 cytokines in the lung. Conclusions In the setting of allogeneic HCT, innate immune activation by LPS potentiates pulmonary GVHD through CXCR3-independent mechanisms. Clinical strategies focused on inhibition of CXCR3 may prove insufficient to ameliorate transplant-related lung disease.
Dispersion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate

In the dispersion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n- butyl acrylate (BA), the particle size increases with an increasing MMA fraction in the comonomer. The power dependence of the particle size on the initiator concentration also increases with an increasing MMA concentration. Similar to what can be found in the homopolymerizations, two populations can be observed in the molecular weight dis- tributions of the copolymers. Core-shell structured particles with a poly(methyl methac- rylate)-rich core and a poly(n-butyl acrylate)-rich shell result from the copolymerizations because of the significantly different reactivity ratios. The reaction rates of the disper- sion copolymerization are lower than those of the homopolymerization of BA and close to or lower than those of the homopolymerization of MMA, depending on the ratio of the monomers. V C 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2105-2112, 2007
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for lower pole calculi : long-term radiographic and clinical outcome

AbstractPurpose: We evaluated the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL† †Dornier Medical Systems, Inc., Marietta, Georgia.) for lower pole calculi regarding immediate and long-term radiographic and clinical outcomes.Materials and Methods: A total of 206 patients with isolated pole calculi in 220 renal units underwent ESWL for stones 4 to 625 mm.[2] (mean 88). Clinical and radiographic followup was obtained at 1 month and every 6 to 12 months thereafter. An initial stone-free rate was determined, as was the subsequent radiographic outcome. Clinical outcome with regard to a symptomatic episode or requiring intervention was also determined. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probabilities of these outcomes with time were developed.Results: Of the 206 patients 99 (48 percent) were rendered stone-free by 1 month after ESWL. Another 13 patients (6.3 percent) spontaneously became stone-free within another 1 to 95 months (mean 17.5). Of the remaining patients residual stones were decreased, stable o...
Physiological and social influences on mounting behavior of troop-living female monkeys (Macaca fuscata)

Female mounting behavior was studied in a troop of Japanese macaques during one breeding season. Of 79 sexually active females, mounting behavior during consortships was shown by 50 females; 13 only with males, 20 with both males and females, and 17 only with females. Several factors associated with reproductive state influenced the expression of mounting activity. Recency of parturition influenced the mounting by females regardless of the type of partner. Females that had not given birth the previous spring (four to six months prior to the period of observation) were more likely both to mount partners and to produce an infant the following spring. These findings suggest the existence of a common factor, perhaps associated with lactation, inhibitory both to expression of mounting and to female fertility. Additionally, females that mounted were more likely to do so in consortships that followed than in those that preceded conception. This last finding suggests that, in this social context, the endocrine conditions of early pregnancy facilitated mounting to a greater extent than those associated with the cyclic ovary. Separate statistical analyses examined possible influences of age, dominance rank, and kinship on the likelihoods of mounting and being mounted. None of these factors influenced female mounting. Results suggest that the expression of mounting by females was more influenced by reproductive state than by social characteristics of the partner.
Architectural Semantics for Practical Transactional Memory

Transactional Memory (TM) simplifies parallel programming by allowing for parallel execution of atomic tasks. Thus far, TM systems have focused on implementing transactional state buffering and conflict resolution. Missing is a robust hardware/software interface, not limited to simplistic instructions defining transaction boundaries. Without rich semantics, current TM systems cannot support basic features of modern programming languages and operating systems such as transparent library calls, conditional synchronization, system calls, I/O, and runtime exceptions. This paper presents a comprehensive instruction set architecture (ISA) for TM systems. Our proposal introduces three key mechanisms: two-phase commit; support for software handlers on commit, violation, and abort; and full support for open- and closed-nested transactions with independent rollback. These mechanisms provide a flexible interface to implement programming language and operating system functionality. We also show that these mechanisms are practical to implement at the ISA and microarchitecture level for various TM systems. Using an execution-driven simulation, we demonstrate both the functionality (e.g., I/O and conditional scheduling within transactions) and performance potential (2.2× improvement for SPECjbb2000) of the proposed mechanisms. Overall, this paper establishes a rich and efficient interface to foster both hardware and software research on transactional memory.
Localization of a pigment-containing structure near the surface of Xenopus eggs which contracts in response to calcium

Contractions in surface structures of Xenopus eggs have been induced by application of the calcium ionophore A23187 or calcium ion. Local applications have shown that the contractile structure is present in both animal and vegetal hemispheres. It is, however, much stronger in the animal hemisphere and pigment embedded in it there defines the animal half. The injection of cytochalasin B (CB) into whole cells or the application of the antibiotic to half cells cannot prevent the induced contractions. By experimental means, the contraction of a deeper, pigment-containing structure can be uncoupled from a thin, more superficial and relatively pigment-free layer on the egg surface. By this means it has been possible to establish that the CB-resistant contraction is due, at least partially, to a structurally distinguishable layer subjacent to the outer egg cortex. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrate a dense grainy matrix near the egg surface in which pigment granules but little yolk are embedded. This structure is much thicker in the pigmented hemisphere. The presence of calcium ions in an isolation medium are shown to cause a loosening or dissolution of the structural connections between the dense, contractile structure near the surface and the cytoskeleton of the endoplasm.
Enhanced heat transfer in a micro-scale heat exchanger using nano-particle laden electro-osmotic flow

Abstract This research presents a multi-channel micro-scale heat exchanger for thermal management of microelectronics hot spots. Electro-osmotic flow (EOF) was implemented to drive the cooling liquid through the micro-channels of the heat exchanger. Various cooling liquids including, deionized water, distilled water, borax buffer, and Al2O3 nano-particle solution, were tested and compared based on their flow rates and increase in cooling liquid temperature. The micro-scale heat exchanger was fabricated using a combination of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silicon dioxide-coated substrate. A constant heat flux heater was used to simulate the heat generated by microelectronic devices. The flow rate of the cooling liquid and its temperatures at the inlet and the outlet reservoirs were measured. Deionized water produced a flow rate of 30.1 μL/min and 2 °C increase between the inlet and the outlet reservoir temperatures at 1 W heating power and 400 V of EOF. The flow rate and the increase in temperature of distilled water at the same conditions were 22.7 μL/min and 3 °C, respectively. For the borax buffer the flow rate was 33.1 μL/min and the increase in temperature was 2.7 °C. Most notably, there was an increase in temperature of 2.4 °C with a lower flow rate of 20.4 μL/min when the Al2O3 nano-particle solution was used. Among all cooling liquids, the Al2O3 nano-particle solution showed the highest scaled specific heat energy removal with a maximum of ~ 69% increase compared to deionized water. Further, the current micro-scale heat exchanger device was able to produce higher electro-osmotic flow rates due to the use of PDMS on three sides of the micro-channel; thus providing smoother walls and higher zeta-potential while the silicon surface allowed heat transfer to the cooling liquid. The increased flow rate allowed enhanced heat removal from higher heat flux areas (hot spots) of microelectronic devices without the need for high-pressure pumping systems.
NOTES: Laboratory Work

In the ongoing quest to perform increasingly less invasive surgical procedures, natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) represents the epitome of minimally invasive surgery by eliminating visible incisions altogether. Since the first reported case of a pure NOTES procedure, transvaginal nephrectomy in 2002 by Gettman et al. (Urology 59:446–450, 2002), numerous researchers, medical device engineers, and surgeons have pushed the envelope to develop innovative techniques, instruments, and operating platforms to accommodate various NOTES portals. Pure transvaginal, transgastric, and transvesical routes have been explored, as well as combinations of access portals with or without transabdominal ports, termed “hybrid” NOTES approaches.
Microwave imaging and microwave induced thermoacoustic tomography

Breast cancer imaging by microwaves has been investigated intensively over the past two decades due to the potentially high electrical contrasts between malignant tumors and normal breast tissue, but so far clinically successful systems have been rare. We will describe challenges in achieving such a system, and ways to improve the resolution of microwave imaging. We will also report on our recent progress in microwave induced thermoacoustic tomography (MITAT) for breast imaging.
Penalized Quantile Regression with Semiparametric Correlated Effects: An Application with Heterogeneous Preferences

This paper proposes new ?1-penalized quantile regression estimators for panel data, which explicitly allows for individual heterogeneity associated with covariates. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to assess the small sample performance of the new estimators and provide comparisons of new and existing penalized estimators in terms of quadratic loss. We apply the techniques to two empirical studies. First, the new method is applied to the estimation of labor supply elasticities and we find evidence that positive substitution effects dominate negative wealth effects at the middle of the conditional distribution of hours. The overall effect tends to be larger at the lower tail, which suggests that changes in taxes have different effects across the response distribution. Second, we estimate consumer preferences for nutrients from a demand model using a large scanner dataset of household food purchases. We show that preferences for nutrients vary across the conditional distribution of expenditure and across genders, and emphasize the importance of fully capturing consumer heterogeneity in demand modeling. Both applications highlight the importance of estimating individual heterogeneity when designing economic policy.
Very low voltage vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with low-resistance mirrors

Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have developed rapidly during the past few years, but their performance is still hampered by high mirror resistances. Alternate laser structures have been developed that bypass the mirrors1, giving threshold voltages of 1.7 V for 850 nm devices. We have demonstrated a VCSEL threshold voltage of 1.49 V at 956 run while maintaining conventional planar, implant-isolated VCSELs where current flows through the entire mirror stack. The reduction in threshold voltage results from greatly reduced mirror voltage drops due to low resistivity mirrors with completely linear current-voltage characteristic2 and low threshold current density VCSELs.
Broadly tunable OPGaAs OPO pumped by Cr:ZnSe laser

Coherent sources that are broadly and continuously tunable in the mid- and longwave infrared are of interest for a variety of scientific, commercial, and military applications. The advantages in an OPO of quasi-phasematched materials like orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OPGaAs) come at the cost of the angle tuning possible in birefringent nonlinear crystals. Temperature tuning is limited by the material’s dn/dT value, and lacks speed and stability. A better alternative is to tune the OPO by tuning the pump laser. Here we report an OPGaAs OPO pumped by a gain-switched Cr:ZnSe laser which was continuously tuned by an intracavity etalon. The etalon also narrowed the output linewidth to around 4 nm. The Cr:ZnSe laser operated at a repetition rate of 500 Hz with a 45 ns pulsewidth. The pump was focused to a spot size (1/e2) of 100 μm at the center of a simple linear resonator formed by two 5-cm ROC mirrors. The OPGaAs crystal was 14 mm long, with a period of 97 μm, and was mounted with no active cooling. Tuning the pump laser over a range of 90 nm (2385-2475 nm) produced OPO output over a range of almost 4.5 μm (3500-7450 nm). OPO tuning was ultimately limited by coatings on the crystals and the resonator mirrors, as the Cr:ZnSe laser is capable of much broader tuning as a pump source. A maximum slope efficiency of 21% was obtained, with a pulse energy threshold of 84 μJ.
Design of adaptive objective lens for ultrabroad near infrared imaging

We present a compound adaptive objective lens in which a water-filled membrane lens is inserted into a front group (one lens) and a back group (two lenses). This adaptive objective lens works in the ultrabroad near infrared waveband (760nm ~ 920nm) with the volume scan of > 1mm3 and the resolution of 2.8 μm (calculated at the wavelength of 840 nm). The focal range is 19.5mm ~ 20.5mm and the numerical number is 0.196. The size of the adaptive lens is 10mm (diameter) × 17mm (length). This kind of lens can be widely used in three-dimensional (3D) volume biomedical imaging instruments, such as confocal microscope, optical coherence tomography (OCT), two photon microscope, etc.
Within-unit relationship quality mediates the association between military sexual trauma and posttraumatic stress symptoms in veterans separating from military service.

OBJECTIVE Few studies have examined the impact of military sexual trauma (MST) on social functioning during deployment. Yet consideration of unit relationships during deployment may be important, given that military unit cohesion and support can provide protective effects against the stress of combat, and reduce the likelihood of developing posttraumatic stress disorder. METHOD Although prior research has posited that depleted social resources are one pathway through which MST is associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), no studies have statistically tested this theory. This study examined the association of MST and PTSS and evaluated the potential mediating role of decreased unit relationship quality. Mediational analyses were conducted on a sample of veterans following discharge from military service (N = 818; 328 women, 490 men). RESULTS Women were significantly more likely to experience MST than men. As hypothesized, experiences of MST during deployment were associated with higher PTSS. MST experiences were associated with less trust in and support from one's military unit, which partially mediated the association between MST and PTSS. The indirect effect of MST on PTSS through lower unit relationship quality accounted for 20.4% of the total effect of MST on PTSS. CONCLUSIONS While the retrospective study design precludes tests of causality, mediational findings provided statistical evidence that lower unit relationship quality partially explains the association between MST and PTSS. This finding is consistent with interpersonal theories of trauma response suggesting that the deleterious effects of MST may be in part due to its erosion of social resources during deployment. (PsycINFO Database Record
Modeling Membrane Displacements in the Sonic Fatigue Response Prediction Problem

Prediction of structural response due to high-intensity acoustic loading is important in the design of aircraft. Direct time integration of full-order, nonlinear, finite element models is accurate, but computationally prohibitive. Recent methods reduce the finite element model to a low order system of nonlinear equations that can be integrated much more efficiently. The major difference among the methods is the means by which induced membrane displacements are modeled. The most practical of these methods is the implicit condensation method. In this method, the effects of membrane displacements are condensed into the nonlinear stiffness terms of the bending equations. Membrane displacements are not explicitly computed so membrane basis vectors are not needed. However, the lack of membrane displacements means that linear membrane stresses and strains cannot be recovered using the standard finite element strain-displacement equations. In this paper, the method is improved by adding a step to recover membrane displacements using an estimated expansion basis. In addition, the estimated basis can serve as an adequate membrane basis set for explicit computation of membrane displacements. An example is given that demonstrates the viability of two new methods.
Magnetoresistance in Granular Metals

We review the origins of the magnetoresistance in granular metals with emphasis on the quantum coherence effects arising from the interference of electrons traveling by different paths. We discuss the maximum in the magnetoresistance expected from scaling arguments and observed in granular aluminum. Two theories of the magnetoresistance in the variable range hopping regime, one based on the magnetic-field induced shift of the mobility edge and the other dealing with ‘directed’ hopping, are compared with experiments.
Effects of free fatty acids on hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in conscious dogs

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and/or hyperglycemia on hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Intralipid was infused peripherally in...
Implications of "Going for a Walk for Prose Writing

"Going for a Walk "is a fine piece of prose written by Mo Huaiqi. In this piece of prose , the writer is skilful at expressing his feelings by describing conflicts in life , at making this prose text more lively in rhythm by depicting scenery, and at striking a sympathetic chord among the readers by planning the structure carefully. In a word , rereading this beautiful classic prose text , we can find the law governing prose writing.
Multifamily Energy Auditor Job/Task Analysis and Report: September 2013

The development of job/task analyses (JTAs) is one of three components of the Guidelines for Home Energy Professionals project and will allow industry to develop training resources, quality assurance protocols, accredited training programs, and professional certifications. The Multifamily Energy Auditor JTA identifies and catalogs all of the tasks performed by multifamily energy auditors, as well as the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) needed to perform the identified tasks.
Systematic Classification of Topic Relationships and Topization Processes in Carbogenic Molecules. Applications of the hedan Classification

This chapter applies the generalized HEDAN scheme for classifying geotopicity (homotopic, enantiotopic, diastereotopic, astereotopic, and nonequitopic) to the classification of molecular sites (homotopic, enantiotopic, diastereotopic, astereotopic and nonequitopic). The analogous hedan classification of geotopizations (homotopization, enantiotopization, diastereotopization, astereotopization and nonequitopization) is applied to the hedan classification of topization processes (homotopization, enantiotopization, diastereotopization, astereotopization, and nonequitopization). Time-resolved molecule M is represented by a static geometric figure G, and every site t in molecule M corresponds to a specific geometric site g in the corresponding figure G. This t-to-g (molecular site-to-geometric site) correspondence constitutes the basis for applying the universal HEDAN scheme to the classification of relationships of intramolecular/intermolecular sites, and of interchanges of molecular sites.
The Play of Authenticity in Thai Handicraft Markets

In village handicraft markets, the play is the thing wherein you’ll catch the conscience of consumption. The play itself teases the (potential) buyer in the multiple meanings that play suggests — a gay distraction, a past-time without consequences, a representation of the absent, a plot in the service of greed or envy. Through amusement, ritual, or trickery, handicraft markets are spaces of performance — enacted dramas staged, blocked, and riddled with props. Is the play of authenticity the mere amusement one feels by walking into a colorful place where one can see the carver carve, the painter paint, and ‘authentic’ cultural traditions be born-again? Is the shopper carefree, behaving playfully from one moment to the next in the midst of a shopping experience that has more to do with what one experiences than what one can ‘rationally’ assess about the qualities of the objects for sale? Regardless of the seller’s intentions or the irony of the outcomes, the buyer may participate in the market performance in order to be entertained, taught, or in some other way entangled. The nature of these entanglements is the subject of my investigation. Rather than exhaust the possibilities of play in a handicraft market, I will examine how I got played, and saw others in play in northern Thailand.
Relationship between bone turnover and density with teriparatide, denosumab or both in women in the DATA study.

Abstract Background While changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover (BTM) have been reported to predict changes in bone mineral density (BMD), the relationship between changes in BMD and BTMs with combined antiresorptive/anabolic therapy is unknown. Methods In the DATA study, 94 postmenopausal osteoporotic women (ages 51–91) received either teriparatide 20-mcg SC daily, denosumab 60-mg SC every 6 months, or both for 2 years. Pearson's correlation coefficients (R) were calculated to determine the relationship between baseline and early changes in BTMs (as well as serum sclerostin) and 2-year changes in BMD. Results In women receiving teriparatide, baseline BTMs did not correlate with 2-year BMD changes though 12-month increases in osteocalcin and P1NP were associated with 2-year increases in spine BMD. In women receiving denosumab, spine and hip BMD gains correlated with both baseline and changes in P1NP and C-telopeptide. In women receiving combined teriparatide/denosumab, while both baseline and decreases in P1NP were associated with spine BMD gains, distal radius increases were associated with less CTX suppression. Neither baseline nor changes in serum sclerostin correlated with BMD in any treatment group. Summary and conclusions In women treated with teriparatide or denosumab, early BTM changes (increases and decreases, respectively) predict 2-year BMD gains, especially at the spine. In women treated with combined teriparatide/denosumab therapy, BMD increases at the distal radius were associated with less suppression of bone turnover. These results suggest that efficacy of combination therapy at cortical sites such as the radius may depend on residual bone remodeling despite RANKL inhibition.
Functionalization of photonic bandgap materials

M surface-directed vapor-liquid-solid (SVLS) growth of nanostructures has been shown to be a promising platform for horizontal formation of nanowires (NWs) and their scalable interfacing. One of the benefits of this method is elimination of post-growth assembly processes and offering a direct route for in-situ device integration. We have been exploring thisapproach for growth of a variety of semiconductor heterojunctions and in this talk we present some of our latest data on growth and characterization of TiO2and CdSe on GaN and Sapphire. While lattices of the selected crystals theoreticallydo not show any matches, directed and horizontal growth indicates existence of a pseudo-lattice match in a preferred growth direction. Results show that this preferred direction is required to be along the width of a NW. However, in better lattice-matched heteroepitaxies, this match could be overshadowed by the lattice match along the NW length. We also present examples on influence of the substrate on defining thenanocrystal orientation and contrast them with other classes of crystals such as wurtzite or cubic that tends to growin specific crystal orientations regardless of the structure of the substrate.
The Paradox of Ge-stell

This chapter provides a critical interpretation of Heidegger’s theory of technology by focusing on its paradoxical dimension. Heidegger claims that the essence of technology or enframing (Ge-stell) reduces people, things, and nature to a heap of fungible resources. He wavers between what I call a total enframing, a version that allows for no way out of the enframing, and a partial enframing, a version that allows for the possibility of transcendence. I argue that if humans are totally enframed then their essence is compromised and no theory of enframing is conceivable. But if they are only partially enframed, then the essence of technology is compromised. The chapter concludes by suggesting how the paradox can be seen to support a feminist phenomenology of reproduction.
Our Family Studies

In our everyday clinical experiences, many of the concerns about the well-being of the family have appeared in all-too-human form as adults and children in distress. Their problems, the rapidly changing social scene, and our long-standing interest in the epidemiology of the mental disorders combined to stimulate us to undertake a series of family studies. Three other major factors coalesced to increase our interest. One was the influence of James Grier Miller, president of the University of Louisville and a professor in its Department of Psychiatry, and the publication of his definitive General Living Systems (1978), which supplied the theory needed for our studies. The second was the development of instruments for community studies of mental disorder, based on the new American Psychiatric Association diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM-III), that were being used effectively in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) studies (Freedman, 1984). The third was that after those studies were completed, there would be need for the field of psychiatric epidemiology to make a conceptual and methodological leap forward.
Synchronous bilateral lipoma arborescens of bicipitoradial bursa—a rare entity

Lipoma arborescens is a rare non-neoplastic condition that affects the synovial lining of joints and bursae accounting for less than 1% of all lipomatous lesions. Characterized by villous proliferation of the synovium, it is an uncommon cause of intra/periarticular mass presenting as a painless, slowly progressive longstanding swelling, and is sometimes accompanied by intermittent monoarticular effusions. We describe a rare case of bilateral lipoma arborescens in the bicipitoradial bursae in a young male referred for MRI evaluation of spontaneous bilateral elbow swelling. We chose to bring this case to light because of the rare simultaneous involvement of the bicipitoradial bursae bilaterally and the role of MR in providing a definite diagnosis, hence obviating the need for biopsy and avoiding consideration of other complex intra/periarticular masses.
Curious Magnetic Changes in a Quiet Region

We describe the evolution of weak magnetic fields in a quiet region observed at the Big Bear Solar Observatory on 1 October 1996. We observed puzzling changes in which one polarity changed without corresponding increases or decreases in the other. In the rest of the same field, no special changes were observed, and a search of nearby days revealed no similar changes. We do not wish to call Maxwell's laws into question, we simply state that there are surprising effects that we cannot understand with current models.
Elderly Living Arrangements in Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, and Romania

Using unique 1990-round census microdata, thepaper describes the household arrangements ofelderly people in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic,Estonia, Finland and Romania. We overview suchtopics as institutionalization, ``headship''rates, ``relationship to reference person,''general household composition, and solitaryliving. Few elders in any country lived withrelatives other than children or spouses. However, elder living arrangements in Finlandexhibit a more ``Northern European'' pattern,those in Bulgaria and Romania a ``SoutheasternEuropean'' pattern and those in the CzechRepublic a somewhat intermediate pattern. Thesituation in Estonia seemed again distinct.
Quantitative progression of retinitis pigmentosa by optical coherence tomography angiography

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a non-invasive alternative to fluorescein angiography that allows for the study of the retinal and choroidal vasculatures. In this retrospective cohort study of 28 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), we used OCT-A to quantify changes in perfusion density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and choriocapillaris blood flow over time and correlated these variables with ellipsoid zone (EZ) line width and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Perfusion density decreased by 2.42 ± 0.62% per year at the superior capillary plexus (SCP) (P = 0.001) and 2.41 ± 0.76% per year at the deep capillary plexus (DCP) (P = 0.004). FAZ area increased by 0.078 ± 0.021 mm2 per year (P = 0.001) at the SCP and 0.152 ± 0.039 mm2 per year (P = 0.001) at the DCP. No changes were observed in the choriocapillaris blood flow. EZ line width had the strongest correlation to perfusion density at the SCP (r = 0.660 and 0.635, first and second visit, respectively, P = 0.001), while BCVA most strongly correlated with FAZ area at the SCP (r = 0.679 and 0.548, P = 0.001 and 0.003). Our results suggest that OCT-A is a useful tool for monitoring RP disease progression and may be used to measure retinal vascular parameters as outcomes in clinical trials.
Somatotopic organization of central arbors from nociceptive afferents develops independently of their intact peripheral target innervation

Functionally important regions of sensory maps are overrepresented in the sensory pathways and cortex, but the underlying developmental mechanisms are not clear. In the spinal cord dorsal horn (DH), we recently showed that paw innervating Mrgprd+ nonpeptidergic nociceptors display distinctive central arbor morphologies that well correlate with increased synapse transmission efficiency and heightened sensitivity of distal limb skin. Given that peripheral and central arbor formation of Mrgprd+ neurons co-occurs around the time of birth, we tested whether peripheral cues from different skin areas and/or postnatal reorganization mechanisms could instruct this somatotopic difference among central arbors. We found that, while terminal outgrowth/refinement occurs during early postnatal development in both the skin and the DH, postnatal refinement of central terminals precedes that of peripheral terminals. Furthermore, we used single-cell ablation of Ret to genetically disrupt epidermal innervation of Mrgprd+ neurons and revealed that the somatotopic difference among their central arbors was unaffected by this manipulation. Finally, we saw that region-specific Mrgprd+ central terminal arbors are present from the earliest postnatal stages, before skin terminals are evident. In summary, we find that region-specific organization of Mrgprd+ neuron central arbors is present shortly after initial central terminal formation, which likely develops independently of peripheral target innervation. Our data suggest that either cell-intrinsic and/or DH prepatterning mechanisms are likely to establish this somatotopic difference.
Of best intentions and best practices: thinking beyond guidelines

Why do well-meaning cardiologists deviate from practice guidelines? In their Heart paper, Manja and colleagues tackle this timely topic1 and build on their earlier work evaluating drivers of guideline-discordant care.2 In the first phase of this study, cardiologists reviewed case vignettes and rated how various contextual factors influenced their clinical decisions. Manja et al found that the extent to which participating cardiologists prioritised safety, effectiveness and patient-centeredness in their decisions had little bearing on their adherence to guidelines.2 The second phase of this study uses qualitative methods to delve deeper into this discordance. After conducting standardised interviews with 21 cardiologists in various practice settings, the authors used an ecosystem theory framework to explore why clinicians’ decision-making may not reflect accepted guidelines. This elegant study was methodologically strong and considered patient-level, physician-level, system-level, and cultural-level influences on medical decision-making. In brief, the authors found that cardiologists experience tension between controlling costs through guideline-based care and weighing other factors such as peer pressure, local norms, patient expectations, medicolegal considerations and financial incentives.1 Ultimately, clinicians often succumb to these latter factors despite championing cost-effectiveness and evidence-based medicine. These findings are at once insightful and perhaps unsurprising. Though few studies have scrutinised decision-making within cardiovascular medicine, a large body of the literature corroborates this study’s conclusions. Synthesising findings from myriad sources, Saini et al previously categorised drivers of poor medical decisions into three domains: (1) economical, financial and organisational structures; (2) failures in the production, dissemination and application of medical knowledge and (3) the distribution of social power and tensions in interpersonal relationships.3 Clearly, the participants in the study by Manja and colleagues echoed how these domains translate into competing value systems that ultimately impact clinicians’ daily decisions. While Manja et al focused on factors that cardiologists could readily articulate, …
Influence of Microstructure on Elevated-Temperature Fatigue Resistance of a Titanium Alloy

The strain-controlled, elevated-temperature, low-cycle fatigue behavior of a near a titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si (Ti-6242S), has been studied in both air and vacuum (10 - 5 torr) at 525°C over a range of frequency and strain. Of particular interest in this investigation were the influence of microstructure and environment on fatigue behavior. Two different microstructures were obtained by combinations of mechanical processing and heat treatment above and below the β-transus temperature. Particular attention was given to these microstructural variations and to the effect of environment on the high-temperature low-cycle fatigue behavior of this alloy. The nature of fatigue crack initiation sites was examined by a precision sectioning method. The microstructure was found to have a pronounced effect on fatigue life as well as on the fatigue crack initiation process. Tests performed in vacuum revealed no influence of frequency on fatigue life, which indicated that environmental factors were responsible for the observed frequency effect on tests performed in air. It was also observed that testing in vacuum led to the formation of a number of subsurface crack nucleation sites and to a longer fatigue life. Crack origins in specimens tested in air were located at the surface, and the initiation sites were larger than those observed in vacuum. The features of a fatigue resistant microstructure in addition to environmental effects at elevated temperature are identified and discussed.