cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 361: Neuregulin Transcriptional Programming of Embryonic Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Embryonic Stem Cells

Jijun Hao, Cristi L. Galindo, Radwan N. Safa, Truc-Linh Tran, Douglas B. Sawyer Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) plays a critical role in heart development by signaling through type I receptor tyrosine kinases...
Monitor Technology - Pat Tallon

Pat Tallon is the corporate attorney for Monitor Technology's parent company and has been asked to mediate a job-performance conflict between Chris Kerns, the manager of MT Engineering, and Shannon Allen, an engineering-support technician who works for Kerns.
RAPID PROTOTYPING OF HARDWARE USING REAL-TIME HWIL SIMULATION ENVIRONMENTS.

The Navigation, Guidance, and Control (NGC) Department at Sandia National Laboratories conducts flight test programs where rapid prototyping is essential. To successfully maintain schedule it is critical to have high confidence in the NGC hardware and software prior to integration testing. The NGC Department has developed a V-Model diagram approach to ensure high confidence with hardware and software prior to integration testing within a rapid prototyping environment. The V-Model detailed design process flow describes a design approach for testing hardware and software early and often using hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) and software-in-the-loop (SWIL) simulations.
Abstract PL04-03: Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases: From basic principles to cancer therapy

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) comprise a family of cell surface receptors that control many critical cellular processes. Various human diseases are caused by dysfunction in RTKs or in their intracellular signaling pathways. Stem Cell Factor (SCF) initiates its multiple cellular responses by binding to the extracellular region of the RTK KIT resulting in receptor dimerization and tyrosine kinase activation. We have determined the crystal structure of the entire extracellular region of KIT before and after SCF stimulation. The structures show that KIT dimerization is driven by SCF binding whose sole role is to bring two KIT molecules together. We have used X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy (EM) and biochemical experiments to determine the three dimensional structure of intact, SCF-stimulated KIT dimers. Several forms of dimeric KIT molecules with different asymmetric arrangements of the two tyrosine kinase domains were identified. These asymmetric contacts may represent specific interactions occurring between two KIT tyrosine kinase domains poised towards trans autophosphorylation. We propose that cooperative interactions mediated by multiple weak homotypic contacts between the extracellular, transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of KIT are responsible for tyrosine kinase activation and cell signaling in normal and transformed cells. Sutent is a drug that blocks the tyrosine kinase activities of several RTKs including KIT and VEGFR2. Sutent has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced kidney cancers, gastrointestinal tumors and for endocrine pancreatic cancers. A scaffold-based drug discovery approach was developed enabling the development of new families of inhibitors for protein kinases and other enzymes that play a role in cell signaling. V600E B-RAF mutant is an oncogenic mutation identified in approximately 50% of melanomas and in 4% of all solid tumors. By using a scaffold-based drug discovery approach, a potent inhibitor of V600E B-RAF mutant has been discovered designated PLX 4032 (Vemurafenib). Phase-I and-II clinical trials in multiple medical centers revealed 80% responses such as tumor shrinkage, delay in tumor progression and survival of melanoma patients harboring the B-RAF mutation. Primary endpoints of phase-III clinical trials in multiple medical centers were achieved to support Vemurafenib registration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr PL04-03. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-PL04-03
Lethal infection with coxsackie virus of adult mice given cortisone.

Summary1. Adult mice, ordinarily insusceptible to Coxsackie virus infection, may be lethally infected if preliminarily administered cortisone. 2. Multiplication, serial passage, and specific neutralization of Coxsackie virus in adult mice have been demonstrated. 3. Recovery of Coxsackie virus from a human source has been accomplished in adult mice.
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid metastatic to the parapharyngeal space.

The parapharyngeal space is a complex anatomic area which can give rise to a variety of both primary and metastatic neoplasms. Squamous cell carcinoma can also present as a parapharyngeal space mass, either by direct extension or by metastases. Occult thyroid carcinoma presenting as a parapharyngeal space mass is a rare clinical occurrence which has been only sporadically reported in the medical literature. We present case of occult papillary thyroid cancer with parapharyngeal space metastasis in the form of an isolated tumor, as well as a review of the literature on similiar presentations. This rare situation has been previously described only once in the medical literature. Metastatic thyroid cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a parapharyngeal space mass.
Application of Process Analytical Technology-Based Feedback Control for the Crystallization of Pharmaceuticals in Porous Media

The purpose of this work is to implement a feedback control approach during the cooling crystallization of paracetamol (PCM) in porous media to increase the amount of PCM in the alginate beads (i.e., drug loading) and minimize the heterogeneous nucleation occurring in the bulk system. Two types of cooling profiles were considered: fast linear and programmed cooling. In addition, the model-free direct nucleation control (DNC) strategy was evaluated and compared to controlled cooling crystallization scenarios. A mean drug loading from 49 to 69% was achieved through the various scenarios. The application of DNC increased or maintained the mean drug loading achieved compared to that of the cooling-only scenarios, while a decrease of about 75% was observed in the batch-to-batch variability. This work demonstrates the benefits of using feedback control approaches to increase drug loading, decrease batch-to-batch variability, and control dissolution behavior of drug-loaded polymer microspheres.
Ultimate Reality according to Augustine of Hippo

L'A., apres avoir presente rapidement la vie de saint Augustin, s'attache a ses rapports avec le neoplatonisme et explique sa conception de la hierarchie de l'univers, ou Dieu se trouve au sommet comme source de tout existant et de toute intelligibilite
Implementing and Evaluating the Communities That Care Prevention System in Rural Pennsylvania

Communities That Care (CTC) is a prevention-planning system that helps community members plan, implement, and evaluate evidence-based prevention strategies that target common behavioral problems among youth. Recent evaluations of the system have indicated promising results. To date, most of these studies have examined broad effects across multiple implementation sites. The purpose of the current study was to determine if such promising results could be replicated in a single rural county that has been implementing the CTC system for more than a decade. The results of this utilization-focused evaluation indicate a variety of positive effects on outcomes among adolescents.
Ensuring science has a history

Scientists often take the word "records" to refer to publications. When I contact scientists and ask to see their records, they usually start by showing me their preprints. History, to them, seems to mean old journal articles and personal recollections.
Understanding deviance through the dual systems model: Converging evidence for criminology and developmental sciences

Abstract According to the dual systems model, adolescent risk-taking is related to asynchronous development of two distinct neurobiological subsystems; this difference leads to a discrepancy or gap that is responsible for an increased propensity for risky behaviors among youth. The current study a) replicated Steinberg et al.'s (2008) findings based on a large, cross-cultural sample; b) tested for potential sex differences in the development of sensation seeking and impulsivity over time; c) tested whether the discrepancy (or gap) between the two traits was associated with deviant behaviors. Based on 15,839 adolescents and young adults from eleven countries, findings largely support basic tenets of the model, among them (1) the sudden increase in sensation seeking, (2) important differences in the quasi-developmental course of risk seeking and impulsivity (impulse control) in male versus female youth, and (3) that the gap between the two is strongly associated with deviance. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the age-crime curve and associated conceptual work in criminology focused on maturational reform or crime desistance.
Gender and gender typicality in autobiographical memory: A replication and extension.

Gender differences in autobiographical memory (AM) are commonly reported, but often inconsistent across studies using varied measurement techniques. The current study aimed to provide more clarity ...
On the Origin of Grooming

The concept of grooming has long been identified with language in child sexual abuse. This article reviews a brief history of child sexual abuse with regard to efforts to identify and classify abus...
Recently Characterized Chlorophylls

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights chlorophylls that have been characterized most recently. It focuses on chlorophyll d and chlorobium chlorophylls 650 and 660, whose structures have been determined within the past several years. The problem of whether chlorophyll d exists in vivo and is not an artifact of isolation remains to be solved. Certain thalli of Gigartina papillata gave relatively good yields of chlorophyll d while others gave none. Sagromsky has claimed to have isolated chlorophyll d and to have found that more was formed in strongly illuminated plants than in shaded ones; also that it can be produced on standing in alkaline methanol. No chemical evidence for the presence of a 2-formyl group was presented, however. Recently, trace amounts of a chlorophyll d-like pigment in Chlorella extracts were reported. These pigments constitute the bulk of the chlorophylls of two different groups of Chlorobacteriaceae. They are divided according to the wavelengths of the “red” absorption maxima of their ether solutions; in vivo they absorb at 725mμ and 746mμ, respectively. Pigments with absorption spectra corresponding to those of the 660 and 650 pheophorbides have recently been reported from extracts of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides grown in media containing 8-hydroxy-quinoline.
Civil War, Economic Governance & State Reconstruction in the Arab Middle East

Civil wars currently underway in Libya, Syria, and Yemen demonstrate that patterns of economic governance during violent conflict exhibit significant continuity with prewar practices, raising impor...
The effects of estrogen deficiency on cortical bone microporosity and mineralization

Recent studies have demonstrated matrix-mineral alterations in bone tissue surrounding osteocytes in estrogen-deficient animals. While cortical bone porosity has been shown to be a contributor to the mechanical properties of bone tissue, little analysis has been done to investigate the effects of estrogen deficiency on bone's microporosities, including the vascular and osteocyte lacunar porosities. In this study we examined alterations in cortical bone microporosity, mineralization, and cancellous bone architecture due to estrogen deficiency in the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Twenty-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either ovariectomy or sham surgery. Six weeks post-surgery tibiae were analyzed using high-resolution micro-CT, backscattered electron imaging, nanoindentation, and dynamic histomorphometry. Estrogen deficiency caused an increase in cortical bone vascular porosity, with enlarged vascular pores and little change in tissue mineral density in the proximal tibial metaphysis. Measurements of cancellous architecture corresponded to previous studies reporting a decrease in bone volume fraction, an increase in trabecular separation, and a decrease in trabecular number in the proximal tibia due to estrogen deficiency. Nanoindentation results showed no differences in matrix stiffness in osteocyte-rich areas of the proximal tibia of estrogen-deficient rats, and bone labeling and backscattered electron imaging showed no significant changes in mineralization around the vascular pores. The findings demonstrate local surface alterations of vascular pores due to estrogen deficiency. An increase in cortical vascular porosity may diminish bone strength as well as alter bone mechanotransduction via interstitial fluid flow, both of which could contribute to bone fragility during postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Of Plans and Plants: How Nuclear Power Gained a Foothold in Soviet Energy Policy

The article contrasts efforts by Soviet scientists and engineers in the 1950s and 1960s, who successfully persuaded planners to support expensive, still unproven nuclear technologies, and to establish a nuclear industry from scratch, with contemporary efforts by nuclear energy advocates to maintain at least a sliver of relevance for nuclear power in the carbon-friendly energy mix of the 21st century - efforts that have proven very challenging. Nuclear power not only promised to facilitate modernization, it also offered a solution to the imbalance in resource and demand distribution. Despite its cost, creating a nuclear industry made sense to many nations in the 1950s and 1960s. Today, the picture is more fragmented, and different criteria are being used to evaluate the benefits of nuclear energy, including the possibility of severe accidents, and the still unresolved waste management issue. Some countries with nuclear industries have decided to phase out nuclear, while others are engaging in aggressive new build, with most others ambivalent. Relying on archival resources and contemporary policy documents, this essay takes a big-picture view of Soviet energy policy. It examines the shifting criteria for evaluating the potential of nuclear energy in the Soviet and post-Soviet context, with a particular focus on the role of scientific authority, and of institutional inertia, for dealing with the fundamental challenges posed by the Chernobyl accident and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The essay concludes that the notion of viability (technical or economical) is negotiable, and will always remain tied up with dreams of and hopes for a better future.
Four-electron reduction chemistry using a uranium(III) phosphido complex

The first uranium(III) phosphido complex is reported. The reaction of (C5Me5)2UI(THF) with KP[(C6H2Me3-2,4,6)(SiMe3)] affords (C5Me5)2U[P(C6H2Me3-2,4,6)(SiMe3)](THF), 1. The reactivity of 1 was explored with two equivalents of N3SiMe3 and N3Ad, Ad = adamantyl, both of which produce U(VI) bis(imido) complexes via four-electron reduction of the azides.
Interaction of Gaussian acoustic beams with plane and cylindrical fluid-loaded elastic structures

Nonspecular reflection effects for ultrasonic beams incident from a fluid onto solid surfaces have been studied continuously since the early investigations by Schoch [1]. He calculated the reflected held for both the fluid-loaded halfspace and the plate using a series expansion for the phase of the reflection coefficient. A more accurate expression for Gaussian beam reflection has been derived by Bertoni and Tamir [2], who approximated the reflection coefficient by leading terms in a Laurent series, performing the resulting integrals analytically. Many researchers have contributed to this literature from the experimental [3–5], theoretical [6,7], and numerical sides [8,9].
Continuum X-Ray Emission in Adiabatic Heavy Ion-Atom Collisions

A brief review of the current status of experiments on quasimolecular x-ray production in heavy ion collisions is given. Facts about continuum x-ray emissions learned from measurements on lighter systems provide the groundwork for the extension of studies to the heaviest possible collision systems. Increasingly detailed experiments explore the differential properties of the molecular orbital x-rays and provide for simpler and more direct comparisons between experiment and calculation.
Do Vaccines Cause Hypersensitivity Reactions

Vaccines can very rarely cause immediate hypersensitivity reactions (i.e. anaphylaxis, angioedema, and/or hives) usually within minutes, but up to several hours of vaccination in persons with allergy to a vaccine component. Also, vaccines can cause large local swelling reactions or nodules at the injection site due to delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. International consensus for evaluation and management of allergic reactions to vaccines can be found at the following link: https://waojournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40413-016-0120-5.
TIC NO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM DO CICLO DA ÁGUA: UMA PROPOSTA TRANSVERSAL NO ENSINO MÉDIO

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratoria descritiva que buscou investigar as possiveis contribuicoes dos diferentes usos de Tecnologias de Informacao e Comunicacao (TIC) em uma estrategia educativa contextualizada nas aulas de Biologia, com enfoque no ciclo da agua, na perspectiva da transversalidade. O estudo foi realizado em 2017, com alunos da primeira serie do ensino medio de uma escola publica estadual, localizada em Guarapari, ES. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em tres etapas: 1) selecao e avaliacao docente dos objetos de aprendizagem para trabalhar o ciclo da agua; 2) avaliacao pelos alunos dos recursos didaticos selecionados e 3) avaliacao da aprendizagem. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de questionarios e dos registros das aprendizagens construidas a partir dos debates e das respostas as questoes problematizadoras com base nos textos colaborativos escritos pelos alunos. A carencia de infraestrutura adequada e a dificuldade de agendamento no laboratorio de informatica foram alguns dos obstaculos encontrados, ainda assim, os resultados foram muito positivos. Os estudantes mostraram-se bastante receptivos em relacao a insercao de TIC no ensino de Biologia. A participacao, a interacao e a troca de saberes constituiram contribuicoes significativas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
Optimisation of rapid STR analysis using a standard DNA forensic pipeline

Previous studies in published literature have reported on various alterations to STR mastermixes, protocols and instrumentation in order to reduce the time taken to generate forensic DNA profiles from reference and casework type samples. In this study, we demonstrate how altering default PCR amplification and capillary electrophoresis protocols in our existing DNA profiling pipeline can reduce the overall time taken to generate a DNA profile from buccal cell reference samples. GlobalFiler Express STR mastermix was used with direct PCR from FTA cards, run on altered PCR protocols and CE settings, and results compared to the standard evaluated settings used in our laboratories. This study demonstrated that full DNA profiles could be recovered in less than 80 minutes in comparison to our standard time of 97 - 102 minutes whilst utilising existing reagent kits and instrumentation, with only minor modifications to protocols.
A Compact Model for Si-Ge Avalanche Photodiodes Over a Wide Range of Multiplication Gain

Silicon-germanium (Si-Ge) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) have superior gain bandwidth product due to the low impact ionization ratio of silicon. To enable efficient optical transceiver systems, cosimulation environments are essential for optimization of optical devices and transceiver circuitry. A compact Si-Ge APD circuit model, which captures both electrical and optical dynamics over a wide range of multiplication gain, is presented. This model includes effects of carrier transit time, avalanche buildup time and electrical parasitics. Model parameters are extracted by small-signal measurement and impulse response measurement where three gain regimes are discussed corresponding to the different mechanisms of carrier transit time and electrical parasitics. Simulated and measured bandwidth versus gain have a good agreement for APD multiplication gains from M = 1 to M = 17. Excellent matching between simulated and measured 25 Gb/s eye diagrams at M = 2 and M = 5.9 is achieved.
Salmonella invasion is controlled through the secondary structure of the hilD transcript.

Virulence functions of bacterial pathogens are often energetically costly and thus are subjected to intricate regulatory mechanisms. In Salmonella, invasion of the intestinal epithelium, an essential early step in virulence, requires the production of a multi-protein type III secretion apparatus. The pathogen mitigates the overall cost of invasion by inducing it in only a fraction of its population. This constitutes a successful virulence strategy as invasion by a small number is sufficient to promote the proliferation of the non-invading majority. Such a system suggests the existence of a sensitive triggering mechanism that permits only a minority of Salmonella to reach a threshold of invasion-gene induction. We show here that the secondary structure of the invasion regulator hilD message provides such a trigger. The 5’ end of the hilD mRNA is predicted to contain two mutually exclusive stem-loop structures, the first of which (SL1) overlaps the ribosome-binding site and the ORF start codon. Changes that reduce its stability enhance invasion gene expression, while those that increase stability reduce invasion. Conversely, disrupting the second stem-loop (SL2) represses invasion genes. Although SL2 is the energetically more favorable, repression through SL1 is enhanced by binding of the global regulator CsrA. This system thus alters the levels of hilD mRNA and is so sensitive that changing a single base pair within SL1, predicted to augment its stability, eliminates expression of invasion genes and significantly reduces Salmonella virulence in mice. This system thus provides a possible means to rapidly and finely tune an essential virulence function.
Production of the cyanogenic glycoside dhurrin in yeast.

Abstract Cyanogenic glycosides are defense compounds found in a wide range of plant species, including many crops. We demonstrate that the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin, naturally found in sorghum, can be produced at high titers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, constituting the first report of cyanogenic glycoside production in a microbe. Genetic modifications to increase the supply of the dhurrin precursor tyrosine enabled dhurrin production in excess of 80 mg/L. The dhurrin-producing yeast strain was used as a chassis to investigate previously uncharacterized enzymes identified close to the biosynthetic gene cluster containing the dhurrin pathway enzymes. This work shows the potential of heterologous expression in yeast to facilitate investigations of plant cyanogenic glycoside pathways.
Pituitary regulation in endogenous depression.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the pituitary regulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and b-endorphin in endogenous depression. The advantages and difficulties are very well exemplified in the study of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in endogenous depression. The design and interpretation of the endocrine studies in depression depends upon the understanding of pituitary regulatory strategies in normal and disease states. The chapter reviews the general feedback regulatory strategies at the pituitary level. The chapter presents the basic science studies on pituitary regulatory strategies in chronic stress animal models and pituitary regulation in diseases of the HPA axis with special emphasis on Cushing's disease, one of the best-characterized pituitary regulatory diseases. With this, it is easy to explore the question of pituitary regulation in endogenous depression. This chapter also focuses on the factors controlling the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and related peptides. The delineation of the ACTH precursor, the isolation and sequencing of CRF, and the development of sensitive radioimmunoassays for ACTH and related peptides to replace less sensitive bioassay methods, have lent great impetus to the exploration of the HPA axis. These new tools enable a new level of sophistication in the studies of pituitary regulation in normal and disease states.
Intermediate-Term Outcomes of Trapeziectomy With a Modified Abductor Pollicis Longus Suspension Arthroplasty

Purpose There is limited literature characterizing intermediate-term surgical and clinical outcomes of basal thumb arthritis after trapeziectomy and modified abductor pollicis longus suspension arthroplasty (APLSA). We hypothesized that patients who underwent APLSA would have favorable intermediate-term outcomes. Methods Patients were contacted after APLSA at a median follow-up of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 3.0–6.0 years). Follow-up clinical evaluation included grip, key pinch, and tip pinch strength. We obtained patient-reported outcomes surveys: visual analog pain score and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score. Information on demographics, surgical information, and complications was obtained from the electronic medical record and patient interviews. Results This study evaluated 66 hands in 60 patients (51 women and 9 men, average age 60.4 years at surgery). At the time of index surgery, 8% of hands had prior ipsilateral surgery (not involving the carpometacarpal joint), 56% had concurrent ipsilateral surgery (35% carpal tunnel release, 32% hemitrapezoid resection, 22% other soft tissue procedures (mucous cyst excision, ganglion cyst excision, or trigger finger release), 5% metacarpal capsulodesis, and 5% metacarpal arthrodesis. Median time between operation and most recent evaluation was 4.8 years (interquartile range, 3.0–6.0 years). Operative hand grip (18.7 ± 11.1 kg), key pinch (4.7 ± 2.1 kg), and tip pinch (3.2 ± 1.7 kg) strength was 94%, 84%, and 86%, respectively, of nonsurgical grip, key pinch, and tip pinch strength. Median (interquartile range) outcomes were a visual analog pain score of 0.0 (0.0–2.0) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score of 9.1 (2.3–26.1). Conclusions Results at 4.8 years for APLSA demonstrated 84% to 94% grip, key pinch, and tip pinch compared with the contralateral side. Patients experienced little to no pain in the operated joint and minimal disability of the upper extremity at intermediate-term follow-up. Abductor pollicis longus suspension arthroplasty is a favorable procedure for achieving pain relief and functional use associated with basal thumb arthritis. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic IV.
Crowds, Bread and Fame: John 6.1-15 and History Revisited:

From the nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century it was common to regard the unique conclusion to the Johannine account of the Feeding of the Five Thousand (6.15) as one of the most important episo...
trLRET microscopy: Ultrasensitive imaging of lanthanide luminophores

Abstract In principle, the long emission lifetimes of lanthanide chelates should enable their ultrasensitive detection in biological systems by time-resolved optical microscopy. However, most lanthanide-imaging systems cannot achieve sensitivities that exceed those of conventional fluorescence microscopes, since they are limited by inefficient lanthanide excitation, the low photon flux of excited lanthanide luminophores, and optics-derived background photoluminescence. We recently reported a new lanthanide-imaging modality, trans-reflected illumination with luminescence resonance energy transfer (trLRET), which overcomes each of these constraints. Here we provide a detailed procedure for visualizing endogenous protein expression in zebrafish embryos, using lanthanide-labeled antibodies, Q-switched laser illumination, and trLRET microscopy. These methods allow ultrasensitive molecular imaging in cells and organisms, establishing a new paradigm for biological exploration and discovery.
O PRINCÍPIO DO PROMOTOR NATURAL E A CONSOLIDAÇÃO DO SISTEMA PROCESSUAL PENAL ACUSATÓRIO

O sistema processual penal brasileiro e, conforme entendimento majoritario, de natureza acusatoria, embora nao puro. E dentro desse sistema que a jurisdicao e acionada e exercida, por meio do processo que comporta diferentes procedimentos. A atuacao das partes processuais assume importância decisiva para definir a forma de sistema adotado, se inquisitivo, misto ou acusatorio. Dentro dessa conjuntura destaca-se a funcao dos membros do Ministerio Publico, em especial quando se aborda o principio do promotor natural como forma de consolidacao do sistema acusatorio. O sistema acusatorio e um regime que encontra espaco para existir dentro de ambientes democraticos em que as garantias constitucionais sao respeitadas. Trata-se da adocao do Estado Democratico de Direito. Tal sistema e um todo composto por outras pecas que o funcionalizam, uma delas e o principio do promotor natural, postulado com previsao constitucional, que tem a possibilidade de modelar uma parte processual pro-ativa quanto ao respeito dos direitos basicos do cidadao-reu, um aliado para a consolidacao da natureza acusatoria do sistema e peca-chave para o devido processo legal.
A retrospective study of salivary gland diseases in 179 dogs (2010-2018).

Salivary gland diseases are well characterized in human medicine but are uncommonly reported in dogs. Herein we describe the clinical and pathologic features of 179 canine salivary gland biopsy sub...
Constraining early dark energy with gravitational waves before recombination

We show that the nonperturbative decay of ultralight scalars into Abelian gauge bosons, recently proposed as a possible solution to the Hubble tension, produces a stochastic background of gravitational waves which is constrained by the cosmic microwave background. We simulate the full nonlinear dynamics of resonant dark photon production and the associated gravitational-wave production, finding the signals to exceed constraints for the entire parameter space we consider. Our findings suggest that gravitational-wave production from the decay of early dark energy may provide a unique probe of these models.
Understanding Risk Communication and Willingness to Follow Emergency Recommendations Following Anthropogenic Disasters

Communities in close proximity to petrochemical and industrial pursuits are at particular risk of anthropogenic hazards. It is vital for these communities to have an effective and functioning warni...
Feasibility of characterizing subsurface brines on Ceres by electromagnetic sounding

Abstract Electromagnetic sounding of Ceres can be accomplished using the solar wind as a source. The depths to a deep global brine or mud layer and shallow briny intrusions can be assessed simultaneously.
The utility of a novel mapping algorithm utilizing vectors and global pattern of propagation for scar-related atrial tachycardias.

Background Activation maps of scar-related atrial tachycardias (AT) can be challenging to interpret due to difficulty in inaccurate annotation of electrograms, and an arbitrarily predefined mapping window. A novel mapping software integrating vector data and applying an algorithmic solution taking into consideration global activation pattern has been recently described (Coherent™, Biosense Webster "Investigational"). Objective We aimed to assess the investigational algorithm to determine the mechanism of AT compared with the standard algorithm. Methods This study included patients who underwent ablation of scar-related AT using the Carto 3 and the standard activation algorithm. The mapping data was analyzed retrospectively using the investigational algorithm, and the mechanisms were evaluated by two independent electrophysiologists. Results A total of 77 scar-related AT activation maps were analyzed (89.6% left atrium, median tachycardia cycle length of 273 milliseconds). Of those, 67 cases with confirmed mechanism of the arrhythmia were used to compare the activation software. The actual mechanism of the arrhythmia was more likely to be identified with the investigational algorithm (67.2% vs 44.8%, P=0.009). In 5 patients with dual-loop circuits, 3/5 (60%) were correctly identified by the investigational algorithm compared to 0/5 (0%) with the standard software. The reduced atrial voltage was prone to lead to less capable identification of mechanism (P for trend: 0.05). The investigational algorithm showed higher inter-reviewer agreement (Cohen's kappa 0.62 vs 0.47). Conclusions In patients with scar-related ATs, activation mapping algorithms integrating vector data and "best-fit" propagation solution may help in identifying the mechanism and the successful site of termination. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Overview of Non-CB1/CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors: Chemistry and Modeling

To date, two cannabinoid receptors, CB1R and CB2R, have been isolated by molecular cloning. The CB1R and CB2R cannabinoid receptors are Class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind constituents of Cannabis sativa, such as the classical cannabinoid agonist (−)-trans-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [(−)-Δ9-THC (1)]. CB1R and CB2R bind four other structural classes of ligands (see Fig. 2.1): nonclassical cannabinoid agonists typified by 2-[5-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-cyclohexyl]-5-(1-methyl-heptyl)-phenol (CP55,940 (2)), endogenous cannabinoids typified by N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA (3)) and sn-2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG, (4)) (Biochem Pharmacol 50(1):83–90, 1995), aminoalkylindole (AAI) agonists typified by (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpho-linylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (WIN55,212-2 (5)), and biarylpyrazole antagonists typified by N-(piperidiny-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR141716A (6)) and 1-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-(4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide (AM251 (7)). A large number of physiological processes are controlled by the endogenous cannabinoids (Cannabinoids, Handbook of experimental pharmacology, Springer, Berlin, 2005). Most of these effects have been attributed to action at either the cannabinoid CB1R or CB2R receptors. Yet there are effects that clearly are not CB1R- or CB2R-mediated. Some of these cannabinoid effects may in fact not be receptor mediated at all. However, there is mounting evidence that suggests the involvement of additional GPCRs in cannabinoid effects, as well as the involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, such as the TRPV1 channel, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. This chapter examines the chemistry of compounds at GPCRs for which a strong link with the other cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R) has been made. Open image in new window Fig. 2.1 The structures illustrated here are CB1R/CB2R ligands
NGF induces the expression of the VGF gene through a cAMP response element.

NGF is a peptide growth factor that plays a key role in the differentiation and survival of neurons in both the PNS and CNS. NGF acts through both transcription-dependent and transcription-independent mechanisms to regulate the differentiation of PC12 cells. To better understand the regulation of gene expression by NGF, we have defined a cis-acting sequence that is immediately upstream of the transcription start site of the VGF (a2/NGF33.1) gene that is required for induction by NGF. Within this sequence is a consensus cAMP response element (CRE) embedded in a 14 base pair palindrome. Mutations in this CRE eliminate induction of the VGF gene both by NGF and by agents that act via cAMP. Although this sequence confers transcriptional induction by both NGF and cAMP, it is not sufficient to allow induction by epidermal growth factor, acidic or basic fibroblast growth factor, or phorbol 12- myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Thus, this sequence defines an element that is selectively activated by NGF and cAMP. Promoter fragments from the VGF gene that include the core CRE efficiently bind the inducible transcription factor CREB, while fragments bearing mutations that eliminate NGF and cAMP inducibility fail to do so. Sequence comparisons and hybridization studies indicate that there are at least two alternatively spliced forms of VGF mRNA, and the accumulation of both of these forms is similarly regulated by NGF and cAMP.
SEX-ROLE DIFFERENTIATION: EXPLORING RACE DIFFERENCES

Studies have shown contradictory patterns regarding sex role differentiation when comparing the black and white community. Researchers have reported that black males and females, when compared to white males and females, either do not perceive sex roles in bipolar terms and create an atmosphere of little sex role differentiation, or are more sex role stereotyped and create an environment where the roles of men are clearly distinguished from the roles of women. The results of this analysis support the argument that there is little sex role differentiation between black males and females when compared to white males and females. Furthermore, the sex role differentiation which exists within the white community is dependent upon educational attainment.
Effects of soil extracts from repeated plantation woodland of Chinese-fir on microbial activities and soil nitrogen mineralization dynamics

Effects of soil extracts from repeated plantation woodlands of Chinese-fir on soil fungi growth, the activities of microbial communities, and rates of net soil nitrogen mineralization were investigated. Soil extracts from replanted woodlands significantly inhibited soil non-pathogenic fungi growth, reduced soil respiration activities, and net soil nitrogen mineralization rates. However, soil extracts from replanted woodland increased the growth of pathogenic fungi. The combination of soil extracts and pathogenic fungi did not significantly reduce the growth of Chinese-fir seedlings when compared to the soil extracts alone. The combination of soil extracts with pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi significantly increased the growth of Chinese-fir seedlings when compared to the combination of soil extracts and pathogenic fungi. The results suggest that the allelochemicals from soil extracts, rather than pathogenic fungi, are the key factor regulating the productivity and nitrogen cycling in repeated plantation woodlands.
Evolution of the insulin gene superfamily : sequence of a preproinsulin-like growth factor cDNA from the Atlantic hagfish

Complementary DNAs encoding a preproinsulin-like growth factor (prepro-IGF) have been cloned from a primitive vertebrate species, the Atlantic hagfish, by using a DNA amplification strategy based on the polymerase chain reaction. A composite sequence containing a 414-nucleotide open reading frame encoding 138 amino acids and 164 nucleotides in the 3'-untranslated region was obtained. The deduced partial sequence of hagfish prepro-IGF reveals that it is organized like the mammalian prepro-IGFs with an unusually large (greater than 39-amino acid) signal peptide (initiator methionine residue is missing), 29-amino acid B, 15-amino acid C, 21-amino acid A, 10-amino acid D, and 26-amino acid E domains. All the invariant residues necessary to form the correct tertiary fold of an insulin-like molecule have been conserved in hagfish IGF. Sequence comparisons revealed that the A and B domains of hagfish IGF are equally similar to those of human IGF-I (35 out of 50 amino acids) or IGF-II (37 out of 53 amino acids). In contrast, the similarity between hagfish and mammalian pro-IGFs in the C, D, and E domains is relatively low. Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from hagfish brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and islet organ, however, indicated that hagfish IGF, like mammalian IGF-I, is expressed predominantly in the liver as a 4.2-kilobase transcript. DNA blot analysis revealed that hagfish IGF is a single copy gene. The predicted sequence of hagfish prepro-IGF thus demonstrates that the divergence of the IGF and insulin genes occurred prior to the separation of the Agnatha and that the organization and tertiary structure of IGF have been well maintained throughout 550 million years of vertebrate evolution.
Heptulose Synthesis from Nonphosphorylated Aldoses and Ketoses by Spinach Transketolase

Abstract 1. The enzyme present in spinach leaves that catalyzes the transfer of a 2-carbon fragment from hydroxypyruvate to d-ribose, l-lyxose, d-xylose, and l-arabinose to form the corresponding free heptuloses was purified to near electrophoretic homogeneity and found to be identical with transketolase. The maximum velocity for the reaction of these pentoses with a saturating concentration of hydroxypyruvate was the same, whereas the Michaelis constants were different. The Michaelis constants were 45 mm for d-ribose, 55 mm for l-lyxose, 120 mm for l-arabinose, and 230 mm for d-xylose. It may thus be possible to account for the production of free heptuloses in plants which have been infiltrated with pentoses, without invoking the participation of phosphorylated pentose intermediates or of a new ligase. 2. Also serving as donors with transketolase when ribose was the acceptor were d-fructose and l-sorbose. When unlabeled d-sedoheptulose and ribose-5-3H were incubated with the enzyme, sedoheptulose-7-3H was formed, showing that sedoheptulose was also a donor. Moreover, 14C-gluco-heptulose was formed from sedoheptulose and l-arabinose-1-14C. 3. The molecular weight of transketolase was estimated as 100,000 ± 10,000 from gel filtration, electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate on polyacrylamide, and sedimentation equilibrium experiments.
The Poverty Draft? Exploring the Role of Socioeconomic Status in U.S. Military Recruitment of Hispanic Students

The end of the U.S. military draft in 1973 re-established the all-volunteer Armed Forces. Some have argued that this change caused a shift in the racial/ethnic and economic composition of the USAF. Much of this work has focused on the motivation of an all-volunteer force and whether military service is viewed more as a job or one’s patriotic duty (Moskos 1977). Scholars have paid little attention to the methods by which the military targets and recruits potential enlistees. The conventional wisdom is that the military has created a “poverty draft” (Mariscal 2007) by targeting low-income African-Americans and Latinos/as. While a great deal of anecdotal evidence exists documenting this phenomena, little empirical analysis has been undertaken to address the reality of the “poverty draft.” We attempt to identify military recruitment strategies in the Rio Grande Valley in Deep South Texas by questioning current high school juniors and seniors regarding their experiences with military recruiters. We intend to assess whether military recruiters are more active in recruiting students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.
Families of the Lesbian Baby Boom: Maternal Mental Health and Child Adjustment

Summary This article reports a study of maternal mental health, household composition, and children's adjustment among 37 families in which 4- to 9-year-old children had been born to or adopted early in life by lesbian mothers. Results showed that maternal reports of both self-esteem and psychological symptoms were within the normal range. Consistent with findings for heterosexual parents and their children, assessments of children's adjustment were significantly associated with measures of maternal mental health. These results underline the importance of maternal mental health as a predictor of children's adjustment among lesbian as well as among heterosexual families.
Chapter 5 Intrinsic Point Defects in Silicon

Publisher Summary The chapter presents a discussion on the intrinsic point defects in silicon. The chapter discusses swirl defect manifestation of intrinsic point defects, thermal defects in silicon, point defects and self-diffusion, and several other related concepts. Evidence from a wide variety of experimental observations indicates that both the vacancy and the self-interstitial coexist in silicon in almost equal roles. They have comparable energies of formation and of migration. They all contribute to the self-diffusion and the diffusion of substitutional impurities in silicon; but their relative roles vary for different impurities. The silicon self-interstitial has a number of different configurations and moves through the lattice via different migration paths. First-principles total-energy calculations, using local-density approximation to achieve self-consistency in defect potential, have given some surprisingly good results that are compatible with experiments. But there are some limitations and the question of reliability of such calculations. Possible errors, some quite large, arise from two main causes: (1) the size of clusters or supercells, sufficiently large to avoid the convergence and dispersion problems, cannot be handled by modern computers; (2) the inherent problem of the inability of the local-density approximation to handle excited states.
Why the Law Matters to You: Citizenship, Agency, and Public Identity

This book develops an account of legality that identifies the law as a constitutive feature of the identities of citizens of modern states. The law co-constitutes practical identities by maintaining the external preconditions that are necessary for actions performed under its authority. The book is a defense of the necessity of social institutions that employs resources from action theory as well as from social, political, and legal philosophy.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy pathology in a neurodegenerative disorders brain bank

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder linked to repetitive traumatic brain injury (TBI) and characterized by deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau at the depths of sulci. We sought to determine the presence of CTE pathology in a brain bank for neurodegenerative disorders for individuals with and without a history of contact sports participation. Available medical records of 1721 men were reviewed for evidence of past history of injury or participation in contact sports. Subsequently, cerebral cortical samples were processed for tau immunohistochemistry in cases with a documented history of sports exposure as well as age- and disease-matched men and women without such exposure. For cases with available frozen tissue, genetic analysis was performed for variants in APOE, MAPT, and TMEM106B. Immunohistochemistry revealed 21 of 66 former athletes had cortical tau pathology consistent with CTE. CTE pathology was not detected in 198 individuals without exposure to contact sports, including 33 individuals with documented single-incident TBI sustained from falls, motor vehicle accidents, domestic violence, or assaults. Among those exposed to contact sports, those with CTE pathology did not differ from those without CTE pathology with respect to noted clinicopathologic features. There were no significant differences in genetic variants for those with CTE pathology, but we observed a slight increase in MAPT H1 haplotype, and there tended to be fewer homozygous carriers of the protective TMEM106B rs3173615 minor allele in those with sports exposure and CTE pathology compared to those without CTE pathology. In conclusion, this study has identified a small, yet significant, subset of individuals with neurodegenerative disorders and concomitant CTE pathology. CTE pathology was only detected in individuals with documented participation in contact sports. Exposure to contact sports was the greatest risk factor for CTE pathology. Future studies addressing clinical correlates of CTE pathology are needed.