cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infantile and juvenile focal migraine

Klinische und EEG-Verlaufsbeobachtungen bei 8 Patienten mit schwerer fokaler Migrane im Alter von 9–15 Jahren werden mitgeteilt. Gefasanomalien wurden jeweils durch Carotisangiographie ausgeschlossen. Cerebrale Herdsymptome waren bei 5 Patienten auf die Dauer der Migraneattacke beschrankt, bei 1 Patienten dauerten sie 2 Tage lang an, bei 1 Kranken blieb als Komplikation eine Parese (wahrscheinlich durch ischamischen Insult) bestehen. Das EEG zeigte in 7 Fallen langerdauernde, schwere Herdveranderungen, die klinischfokale Symptome zeitlich uberdauerten und sich bei 2 Patienten innerhalb von 4–6 Wochen zuruckbildeten. Diagnostische Schwierigkeiten und die Indikation zur Arteriographie werden besprochen.
The Aftermath of the Cash Balance Controversy: Defining Age Discrimination for Traditional Defined Benefit Pensions

The appellate decisions upholding cash balance pensions against the claim of age discrimination are unconvincing. Nevertheless, these decisions reach the proper result as a matter of pension policy. These decisions read the statutory term "benefit accrual" as meaning employer contributions for purposes of measuring for age-based pension discrimination in the defined benefit context. However unpersuasive this reading may be as a textual matter, it reaches a sound outcome in terms of pension policy. In particular, this reading of the pension age discrimination statutes enables employers sponsoring traditional, annuity-paying defined benefit pensions to control their costs by decreasing the annual growth of the accrued benefits earned by older employees. This ability to subdue costs will encourage employers to remain with their traditional defined benefit plans rather than move to the cash balance format or 401(k). On the other hand, controlling costs by reducing the rates at which older workers accrue additional benefits will disappoint the reasonable pension expectations of some, perhaps many, of those older workers.
A graph search and neural network approach to adaptive nonlinear model predictive control

Systems with a priori unknown and time-varying dynamic behavior pose a significant challenge in the field of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC). When both the identification of the nonlinear system and the optimization of control inputs are done robustly and efficiently, NMPC may be applied to control such systems. This paper considers stable systems and presents a novel method for adaptive NMPC, called Adaptive Sampling Based Model Predictive Control (Adaptive SBMPC), that combines a radial basis function neural network identification algorithm with a nonlinear optimization method based on graph search. Unlike other NMPC methods, it does not rely on linearizing the system or gradient based optimization. Instead, it discretizes the input space to the model via pseudo-random sampling and feeds the sampled inputs through the nonlinear model, producing a searchable graph. For this discretization, an optimal path is found using Lifelong Planning A*, an efficient graph search method. Adaptive SBMPC is used in simulation to identify and control a simple plant with clearly visualized nonlinear behavior. In these simulations, both fixed and time-varying dynamic systems are considered. Results are compared with an adaptive version of Neural GPC, an existing NMPC algorithm based on Newton-Raphson optimization and a back propagation neural network model. When the cost function exhibits many local minima, Adaptive SBMPC is successful in finding a low-cost solution that appears close globally optimal while Neural GPC converges to a solution that is only locally optimal. This paper presents the method, soundness and completeness theory, and two simulated NMPC examples. The first is a transparent single-input single-output example, and the second considers a more complex power plant combustion process with two inputs and three outputs.
Beyond the factory: Struggling with class and class struggle in the post-industrial context

A dominant strand of literature adopting an identity-oriented approach towards industrial decline and post-Fordist flexibilisation argues that we are in a ‘post-industrial’ world in which class struggles and ‘old’ labour movements have been replaced by struggles around identity. This article examines working-class politics in the city of Ahmedabad, India, in the pre- and post-liberalisation phases in order to understand whether class struggle is indeed being replaced by identity struggle. In juxtaposing Marx with E.P. Thompson, the article re-visits concepts such as class, class struggle and exploitation in order to understand them in new ways in an increasingly ‘post-industrial’, ‘post-Fordist’ world.
Liquor store density and acute pancreatitis hospitalization

AbstractObjectives: Alcohol use is a known risk factor for acute pancreatitis, and there is a higher alcohol outlet density in areas of greater deprivation. Undetected or untreated condition with gallstones is another preventable risk factor for acute pancreatitis. This study sought to examine the rate of acute pancreatitis hospitalizations as a possible outcome of the local liquor store density and the concentration of long-term uninsured (LTU) patients.Methods: We used a universe of all inpatient visits to licensed South Carolina (SC) healthcare providers during 2012–2013 with ZIP code level covariates extracted from the American Community Survey. A loglinear regression model was used to explore environmental correlates of severe acute pancreatitis.Results: The logged liquor store density was a significant, positive predictor of the annual acute pancreatitis hospitalization rate (p = .018). Higher LTU concentration was positively associated with acute pancreatitis hospitalization rate.Conclusions: Acute...
Homologous recombination mediated by the mycobacterial AdnAB helicase without end resection by the AdnAB nucleases

Current models of bacterial homologous recombination (HR) posit that extensive resection of a DNA double-strand break (DSB) by a multisubunit helicase-nuclease machine (e.g. RecBCD, AddAB or AdnAB) generates the requisite 3' single-strand DNA substrate for RecA-mediated strand invasion. AdnAB, the helicase-nuclease implicated in mycobacterial HR, consists of two subunits, AdnA and AdnB, each composed of an N-terminal ATPase domain and a C-terminal nuclease domain. DSB unwinding by AdnAB in vitro is stringently dependent on the ATPase activity of the 'lead' AdnB motor translocating on the 3' ssDNA strand, but not on the putative 'lagging' AdnA ATPase. Here, we queried genetically which activities of AdnAB are pertinent to its role in HR and DNA damage repair in vivo by inactivating each of the four catalytic domains. Complete nuclease-dead AdnAB enzyme can sustain recombination in vivo, as long as its AdnB motor is intact and RecO and RecR are available. We conclude that AdnAB's processive DSB unwinding activity suffices for AdnAB function in HR. Albeit not excluding the agency of a backup nuclease, our findings suggest that mycobacterial HR can proceed via DSB unwinding and protein capture of the displaced 3'-OH single strand, without a need for extensive end-resection.
Highly flexible, freestanding tandem sulfur cathodes for foldable Li–S batteries with a high areal capacity

Li–S batteries with a high theoretical capacity are considered as the most promising candidate to satisfy the increasing demand for batteries with a high areal capacity. However, the low sulfur loading (<2 mg cm−2) and poor flexibility of current Li–S batteries limit their application in establishing foldable Li–S batteries with a high areal capacity. To solve this problem, we employ here a free-standing flexible tandem sulfur cathode with a remarkably high sulfur loading to demonstrate foldable, high-areal-capacity Li–S batteries. The design of the tandem cathode readily increases the sulfur loading and effectively retards the migration of polysulfides. Therefore, the Li–S cell employing the tandem cathode exhibits a high initial areal capacity of 12.3 mA h cm−2 with stable cycling stability even with a high sulfur loading of up to 16 mg cm−2. These tandem cathodes are promising for foldable Li–S cells with a high areal capacity and energy density.
Digital media technologies in everyday life

We have, in the opening months of 2017, reports of technology industry workers in California boasting that they ‘helped meme a president into office’ (Harkinson, 2017). Digital media technologies s...
Research support services in agriculture at Clemson University: survey results from faculty with implications for library services.

In 2016, Clemson University Libraries (CUL) participated in a nationwide study conducted by Ithaka S+R to learn more about agriculture researchers' experiences and attitudes about their research. This article is the local report based on interviews with Clemson University agriculture researchers about the ways they conduct research, their publication practices, their perceptions of the scholarly communication process, and ways they use the library. A total of eight interviews were conducted at Clemson, and the transcripts were coded to reveal commonalities and differences. Implications for CUL include new directions for services, collections, and outreach, with a particular focus on off-campus research.
Freedom, faith, and humanitarian governance: the spatial politics of church asylum in Europe

ABSTRACTIn the context of increasing numbers of vulnerable migrants in Europe, many churches and other faith-based organizations have provided sanctuary to those at risk of deportation. This paper sheds light on the rationalities and practices of actors such as these, and in what ways their beliefs may be different from liberal norms. Investigating both liberal and faith-based understandings of space, time, and freedom I look at the ways that multiple webs of belief intersect to form new constellations of power in humanitarian governance.
Alternatives to Simple Multiple-Choice Questions: Computer Scorable Questions that Reveal and Challenge Student Thinking (Abstract Only)

When creating assessments, computer science educators and researchers must balance items? cognitive complexity and authenticity against scoring efficiency. In this poster, the author reports results from an end-of-course assessment administered to over 500 high school students in an introductory block-based programming course. The poster focuses on three atypical multiple-choice items, in which students had to select all the correct responses. The items were designed to be more cognitively complex than simple multiple choice questions while remaining easy to score. Results show that this type of item was challenging for students but was predictive of their overall performance.
Coping with Access Control Requirements in the Context of Mutual Dependencies between Business and IT

IT security is ever more important due to rising cybercrime incidents, obligatory security laws and the need for organization-wide security strategies. Consequently, the business level of an organization, service design managers and compliance managers according to ITIL, have to focus increasingly on: a) compliance to the rising amount of laws, b) organization-wide IT security and c) the establishment of security strategies to secure critical business data. Therefore, a close cooperation with the IT is needed. This paper proposes an approach to close the gap between the business level and the IT with focus on access control requirements, coming from the business level. The approach eases the role engineering process for role based access control and establishes a traceability between business processes and access control requirements as well as enterprise architectures. Furthermore, it increases the compliance between enterprise architectures and access control requirements from business processes and allows understanding the mutual dependencies of business processes, access control requirements and enterprise architectures in evolution scenarios.
Robotic Transthoracic Diaphragm Plication

Patients with unilateral diaphragm paralysis may present with dyspnea. For those patients unable to improve with physical and respiratory therapy, diaphragm plication may provide significant respiratory improvement. Patient and bedside cart position and port placement are described to provide an efficient procedure to remove the laxity from the ipsilateral diaphragm.
Pilot study to diagnose nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with dynamic 18 F-FDG PET

OBJECTIVE. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are major causes of chronic liver disease characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Diagnos...
Husserl and the Pittsburgh School

The essay describes what might be called the “pragmatism idealism” of several Pittsburgh philosophers (Sellars, McDowell, Brandom, Rescher). It looks to the connections of ideas and doctrines with the philosophical vision of Edmund Husserl.
Greener and rapid access to bio-active heterocycles: one-pot solvent-free synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles

Abstract A novel one-pot solvent-free synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles by condensation of acid hydrazide and triethyl orthoalkanates under microwave irradiations is reported. This green protocol was catalyzed efficiently by solid supported Nafion®NR50 and phosphorus pentasulfide in alumina (P4S10/Al2O3) with excellent yields.
Image distortion, pupil coma, and relative illumination

Relative illumination is affected by image distortion, pupil coma, and pupil magnification. Image and pupil aberrations have a known relationship that also can be written in terms of pupil magnification. Pupil coma is the stretching or compression of the pupil along the field axis, which directly affects relative illumination. Front-stopped designs have pupil aberrations on the exit pupil while rear-stopped systems have pupil aberrations on the entrance pupil. Of the primary pupil aberrations, pupil coma can have the largest effect on the relative illumination in optical designs with significant image distortion (ex: fisheye lens). The Lagrange invariant holds for systems with image distortion using a paraxial approximation of pupil coma. Relative illumination can be written in terms of % distortion, pupil magnification, and object–space field angle.
An 860 MHz Wireless Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor With a Metal-Organic Framework Sensing Layer for CO 2 and CH 4

Wireless and passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices with nanoporous metal-organic framework (MOF) sensing layers are attractive gas sensors for applications in many fields such as energy industries and air pollution control. Here, we report on enhancing the sensitivity and detection limit of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) MOF-coated SAW reflective delay line mass sensors by increasing the operating frequency for sensitive detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) at ambient conditions. In particular, we show at least four times higher sensitivity of an 860 MHz (4- $\mu \text{m}$ periodicity) SAW reflective delay line coated with a 240 nm thick ZIF-8 compared to the sensitivity of a 430 MHz (8- $\mu \text{m}$ periodicity) otherwise identical sensor device to the targeted gases. The detection limits of the higher frequency wireless devices for CO2 and CH4 were estimated to be 0.91 vol-% and 7.01 vol-%, respectively. The enhanced sensitivity for higher frequency devices is explained in terms of the frequency dependent acoustic wave energy confinement.
Investigating the Use of Social Media in Supporting Children with Cognitive Disabilities and Their Caregivers from Saudi Arabia

This study investigates the use of social media in supporting and empowering Saudi caregivers of children with cognitive disabilities. Through interviews with 13 caregivers, we examined the motivations and concerns around using social media in relation to their children or students’ conditions. We also investigated the role of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that caregivers used social media with caution to seek information and emotional support, to spread awareness, and to communicate and build communities. Our findings also suggest that caregivers face a great deal of challenges in security and privacy, social stigma and negative discussions, misinformation, and lack of resources.
Topological surface states of Mn Bi 2 Te 4 at finite temperatures and at domain walls

$\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{4}$ has recently been the subject of intensive study, due to the prediction of axion insulator, Weyl semimetal, and quantum anomalous Hall insulator phases, depending on the structure and magnetic ordering. Experimental results have confirmed some aspects of this picture, but several experiments have seen zero-gap surfaces states at low temperature, in conflict with expectations. In this work, we develop a first-principles-based tight-binding model that allows for arbitrary control of the local spin direction and spin-orbit coupling, enabling us to accurately treat large unit-cells. Using this model, we examine the behavior of the topological surface state as a function of temperature, finding a gap closure only above the N\'eel temperature. In addition, we examine the effect of magnetic domains on the electronic structure, and we find that the domain wall zero-gap states extend over many unit-cells. These domain wall states can appear similar to the high-temperature topological surface state when many domain sizes are averaged, potentially reconciling theoretical results with experiments.
Attributions to Discrimination Against Black Victims in a Multiracial Society: Isolating the Effect of Perpetrator Group Membership.

As the United States becomes more racially and ethnically diverse, interactions between Black people and other minority groups have become increasingly common. The present research examined how a p...
Radial Basis Function Interpolation and Galerkin Projection for Direct Trajectory Optimization and Costate Estimation

This work presents a novel approach combining radial basis function (RBF) interpolation with Galerkin projection to efficiently solve general optimal control problems. The goal is to develop a highly flexible solution to optimal control problems, especially nonsmooth problems involving discontinuities, while accounting for trajectory accuracy and computational efficiency simultaneously. The proposed solution, called the RBF-Galerkin method, offers a highly flexible framework for direct transcription by using any interpolant functions from the broad class of global RBFs and any arbitrary discretization points that do not necessarily need to be on a mesh of points. The RBF-Galerkin costate mapping theorem is developed that describes an exact equivalency between the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions of the nonlinear programming problem resulted from the RBF-Galerkin method and the discretized form of the first-order necessary conditions of the optimal control problem, if a set of discrete conditions holds. The efficacy of the proposed method along with the accuracy of the RBF-Galerkin costate mapping theorem is confirmed against an analytical solution for a bang-bang optimal control problem. In addition, the proposed approach is compared against both local and global polynomial methods for a robot motion planning problem to verify its accuracy and computational efficiency.
Anatomic variations in right liver living donors.

Abstract Background Anatomic knowledge is crucial in right liver living donor transplantation. Study design We reviewed radiologic and surgical findings in right liver donors. Arterial and portal anatomy was assessed in 96 donors, biliary anatomy in 77, and hepatic venous anatomy in 65. Results Portal vein (PV): 86.4% had classic anatomy; 6.3% had a trifurcated PV; 7.3% had a right anterior PV taken off the left PV. Hepatic artery (HA): 70.8% had classic anatomy; 12.5% had a left HA arising from the left gastric artery; 13.5% had a right HA arising from the superior mesenteric artery; 2.1% had a double replaced left HA and right HA; and in 1.0% the common HA arose from the superior mesenteric artery. Biliary tree: 55.8% had normal anatomy; 14.3% had a trifurcated biliary anatomy; in 5.2% the right anterior bile duct and in 15.6% the right posterior bile duct opened into the left bile duct; in 2.6% the right anterior and in 6.5% the right posterior ducts opened into the common bile duct. Hepatic veins: S5 and S8 accessory hepatic veins had incidences of 43% and 49%, respectively. The incidence of S6 or S7 short hepatic vein was 38%. Conclusions Anatomic variations are common but do not contraindicate donation; surgeons should be prepared to recognize and manage them.
Interfacial Shear Stresses in Sic and Al2O3 Fiber‐Reinforced Glasses

Single fiber pullout tests were performed on silicon carbide and sapphire filaments embedded in glass matrices to determine the interfacial shear strengths both as a function of residual stress and as a function of fiber coating. The effect of residual stress on the interfacial shear stress was studied by altering the glass matrix composition, and hence, the thermal mismatch between fiber and matrix. The interfacial shear strength exhibits a maximum with increasing thermal mismatch after which it drops precipitously and levels off. The presence of a carbon coating on sapphire is sufficient to reduce the interfacial shear stress to measurable levels, while excess carbon at the SiC/glass interface increases the interfacial shear stress. In the silicon carbide-reinforced systems, the interfacial shear strengths are also shown to be stressing-rate dependent.
Similarity and duplicate detection system for an OAI compliant federated digital library

The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) is making feasible to build high level services such as a federated search service that harvests metadata from different data providers using the OAI protocol for metadata harvesting (OAI-PMH) and provides a unified search interface. There are numerous challenges to build and maintain a federation service, and one of them is managing duplicates. Detecting exact duplicates where two records have identical set of metadata fields is straight-forward. The problem arises when two or more records differ slightly due to data entry errors, for example. Many duplicate detection algorithms exist, but are computationally intensive for large federated digital library. In this paper, we propose an efficient duplication detection algorithm for a large federated digital library like Arc.
Prevention as an Explicit Part of the Social Work Profession: A Systematic Investigation

Historically, social workers have espoused a philosophy of prevention. However, this philosophy has not consistently translated into prevention-focused social work practice. This gap in social work practice is of concern given the growing federal attention placed on prevention efforts in key social work arenas, such as health, mental health, and substance abuse. In an effort to illustrate this practice gap, this article presents a systematic investigation of the status of prevention and social work through the examination of three seminal indicators including: the social work literature, the 2009-2012 National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Social Work Speaks, and the 2008 Educational Policy Accreditation Standards (EPAS). Results indicate that the social work profession lacks an emphasis on prevention, as well as cohesiveness regarding prevention across social work practice, education, and scholarship. Opportunities for integrating prevention into the profession are highlighted for key stakeholders, namely social work scholars, educators, and practitioners.
Baryon correlators containing different diquarks from lattice simulations

Point to point vacuum correlators containing diquarks in the color anti-triplet representation are computed both in the quenched approximation and dynamical overlap simulations with two flavors. The scalar, pseudoscalar and axial vector diquarks are combined with light quarks to form color singlets. The scalar (“good") diquark channel shows a stronger attraction than the axial vector (“bad") channel in the quenched data set. The pseudoscalar diquark channel shows a finite volume zero mode artifact: the correlator becomes negative at large distance when the quark mass is small. By separating configurations without zero modes from those with zero modes, we found that the zero modes have an important contribution in both the attraction in the scalar channel and the repulsion in the pseudoscalar channel. In the axial vector diquark channel, we did not find apparent zero mode effects.
N-H stretching modes around 3300 wavenumber from peptide backbones observed by chiral sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy.

We present a detailed analysis of the molecular origin of the chiral sum frequency generation (SFG) signals of proteins and peptides at interfaces in the N-H stretching vibrational region. The N-H stretching can be a probe for investigating structural and functional properties of proteins, but remains technically difficult to analyze due to the overlapping with the O-H stretching of water molecules. Chiral SFG spectroscopy offers unique tools to study the N-H stretching from proteins at interfaces without interference from the water background. However, the molecular origin of the N-H stretching signals of proteins is still unclear. This work provides a justification of the origin of chiral N-H signals by analyzing the vibrational frequencies, examining chiral SFG theory, studying proton (hydrogen/deuterium) exchange kinetics, and performing optical control experiments. The results demonstrate that the chiral N-H stretching signals at ~3300 cm-1 originate from the amide group of the protein backbones. This chiral N-H stretching signal offers an in situ, real-time, and background-free probe for interrogating the protein structures and dynamics at interfaces at the molecular level. Chirality 26:521–524, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast Decimal Counting with Binary-Decimal Logic

Speed limits of decimal counting schemes based on binary-to-decimal conversion are considered. A simple "1-2-4-8" decimal logic is described, which is inherently as fast as the basic bistable. A decade for counting in 100-200 Mc/sec range, based on this logic and the tunnel diode-transistor bistable, is presented.
Annealing of Quenched Defects in Gold

The slope-change method for determination of activation energies of migrating defects is examined using computer-generated data based on a simplified model of the annealing of quenched gold. It is shown that there are two well-defined activation energies. One is the instantaneous activation energy which is characteristic of the defect-annihilating step. The second is the apparent activation energy which is characteristic of the rate-limiting annealing step. The two activation energies can be obtained only if accurate time derivatives of the defect concentration are examined. These ideas are applied to the annealing of high-purity gold quenched from 975\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The resistance-annealing curves and their first and second derivatives are studied using a new measuring technique which yields continuous plots of the resistance. The annealing curves are consistent with a simple model involving single vacancies, divancies, and a time-dependent sink concentration. The instantaneous activation energy is 0.52 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.03 eV and is identified with the divacancy-motion energy. The apparent activation energy is between 0.70 and 0.95 eV.
Suicide and Alzheimer's pathology in the elderly: a case-control study.

Abstract Background: The single most important risk factor for Alzheimer's pathology is age. Elderly individuals are also at increased risk for suicide, but comprehensive studies of the association between Alzheimer's pathology and suicide are lacking. We designed the current study to determine if Alzheimer's disease changes are overrepresented in elderly people committing suicide. Methods: The design is a case–control study. Cases ( n = 28) were subjects older than 60 years of age who completed suicide. For each case, two age- and gender-matched individuals who died naturally were selected as control subjects ( n = 56). Neuropathologic examination of hippocampal sections was performed blindly and included a modified Braak scoring system and semiquantitative assessment of neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid deposition, Lewy bodies, and Lewy-associated neurites. Data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression. Results: The brains of individuals who committed suicide had higher modified Braak scores than those of matching control subjects ( p = .0028). The number of neurofibrillary tangles in CA1 was not an independent predictor of suicide status in the statistical analysis ( p = .16), although the distribution was more highly skewed among the cases (75th percentile of 10.5 for cases, vs. 2 for control subjects). Conclusions: Severe Alzheimer's disease pathology is overrepresented in elderly patients who complete suicide.
How to Create a Quality Assurance Program for Radiation Safety in Interventional Radiology

The practice of medicine is becoming increasingly complex with regard to its economic and academic aspects. In a climate of increasing cutbacks and reduced reimbursements, health care providers are being held more accountable for proving that the services they render are top quality and worthy of the cost of the care provided. Furthermore, patient safety is currently in the public eye and a driving force behind the Pay for Performance initiative. Therefore, quality assurance programs and practice quality improvement systems have been developed to promote patient safety, improve current practice patterns, and help practitioners maintain their board certification. This article very briefly describes one simple example of a radiation safety quality assurance program.
The Amino Terminus of the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein Vhs Mediates Membrane Association and Tegument Incorporation

Assembly of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) is a poorly understood process involving multiple redundant interactions between large number of tegument and envelope proteins. We have previously shown (G. E. Lee, G. A. Church, and D. W. Wilson, J. Virol. 77:2038-2045, 2003) that the virion host shutoff (Vhs) tegument protein is largely insoluble in HSV-infected cells and is also stably associated with membranes. Here we demonstrate that both insolubility and stable membrane binding are stimulated during the course of an HSV infection. Furthermore, we have found that the amino-terminal 42 residues of Vhs are sufficient to mediate membrane association and tegument incorporation when fused to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter. Particle incorporation correlates with sorting to cytoplasmic punctate structures that may correspond to sites of HSV assembly. We conclude that the amino terminus of Vhs mediates targeting to sites of HSV assembly and to the viral tegument.
Aspects of mathematical modelling related to optimization

Abstract Many practical optimization problems involved mathematical models of complex real-world phenomena. This paper discusses some aspects of modelling that influence the performance of optimization methods. Information and advice are given concerning the construction of smooth models, the transformation of an optimization problem from one category to another, scaling, formulation of constraints, and techniques for special types of models.
Regulating the Way to Obesity: Unintended Consequences of Limiting Sugary Drink Sizes

Objectives We examined whether a sugary drink limit would still be effective if larger-sized drinks were converted into bundles of smaller-sized drinks. Methods In a behavioral simulation, participants were offered varying food and drink menus. One menu offered 16 oz, 24 oz, or 32 oz drinks for sale. A second menu offered 16 oz drinks, a bundle of two 12 oz drinks, or a bundle of two 16 oz drinks. A third menu offered only 16 oz drinks for sale. The method involved repeated elicitation of choices, and the instructions did not mention a limit on drink size. Results Participants bought significantly more ounces of soda with bundles than with varying-sized drinks. Total business revenue was also higher when bundles rather than only small-sized drinks were sold. Conclusions Our research suggests that businesses have a strong incentive to offer bundles of soda when drink size is limited. Restricting larger-sized drinks may have the unintended consequence of increasing soda consumption rather than decreasing it.
The in-context slider: a fluid interface component for visualization and adjustment of values while authoring

As information environments grow in complexity, we yearn for simple interfaces that streamline human cognition and effort. Users need to perform complex operations on thousands of objects. Human attention and available screen real estate are constrained. We develop a new fluid interface component for the visualization and adjustment of values while authoring, the In-Context Slider, which reduces physical effort and demand on attention by using fluid mouse gestures and in-context interaction. We hypothesize that such an interface will make adjusting values easier for the user. We evaluated the In-Context Slider as an affordance for adjusting values of interest in text and images, compared with a more typical interface. Participants performed faster with the In-Context Slider. They found the new interface easier to use and more natural for expressing interest. We then integrated the In-Context Slider in the information composition platform, combinFormation. Participants experienced the In-Context Slider as easier to use while developing collections to answer open-ended information discovery questions. This research is relevant for many applications in which users provide ratings, such as recommender systems, as well as for others in which users' adjustment of values on concurrently displayed objects is integrated with extensive interactive functionality.
Nielsen generating sets and quasiconvexity of subgroups

Abstract Let H be a subgroup of a group G. We say that a finite generating set S of H is weakly Nielsen if for any g ∈ H and for any shortest word w representing g there exist si ∈ S, 1 ≤ i ≤ m and a decomposition si ≡ liniri with ni≢1 such that g = s1 … sm and w ≡ l1n1n2 … nmrm. We prove that a subgroup of a finitely generated group is quasiconvex if and only if it has a finite weakly Nielsen generating set, which implies that if a subgroup of a negatively curved group has a weakly Nielsen generating set, then it is negatively curved. It follows that the generalised word problem is solvable for locally quasiconvex negatively curved groups. We also prove that for any finitely generated group G and for any K ≥ 0 the set of K-quasiconvex subgroups of G is finite.
Molecular and Cellular Basis of Addiction

Drug addiction results from adaptations in specific brain neurons caused by repeated exposure to a drug of abuse. These adaptations combine to produce the complex behaviors that define an addicted state. Progress is being made in identifying such time-dependent, drug-induced adaptations and relating them to specific behavioral features of addiction. Current research needs to understand the types of adaptations that underlie the particularly long-lived aspects of addiction, such as drug craving and relapse, and to identify specific genes that contribute to individual differences in vulnerability to addiction. Understanding the molecular and cellular basis of addictive states will lead to major changes in how addiction is viewed and ultimately treated.
Bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation in a young and healthy man without obvious cause.

Abstract Bilateral shoulder dislocations are rare. Many cases are associated with trauma, but other mechanisms have been reported. We report on the case of a healthy 20-year-old man who presented with bilateral anterior shoulder dislocations without obvious cause.
The effects of a harm reduction housing program on the viral loads of homeless individuals living with HIV/AIDS.

Abstract Although the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapies has increased survival rates for many individuals living with HIV/AIDS, chronically homeless individuals with the disease continue to experience poor clinical outcomes and high mortality rates in comparison to the general population living with HIV. Housing as a structural intervention for homeless people living with HIV/AIDS has been shown both to be feasible and to improve access to care. However, few studies report the impact of accessing stable housing on residents' viral load counts, even though viral load has been accepted as the best predictor of clinical prognosis for over a decade. The Open Door is a nonprofit agency that utilizes a harm reduction, housing first model of care to improve clinical outcomes for homeless people living with HIV. This article describes the first study that utilizes viral load to assess the effectiveness of a housing first approach. During the study period, we found that 69% of residents of The Open ...
The wear mechanisms of impregnated diamond bits

Abstract An experimental study was carried out to investigate the wear mechanisms of impregnated diamond bits in hard rock drilling. Rock cutting experiments with single-diamond were performed to measure the coefficient of friction and to understand the tribological process at the diamond/rock interface. The coefficient of friction strongly depended on the characteristics of rock fracture at contacting rock surface. It ranges from 0.035 to 0.065 if diamonds slid over the rock surface without significant local bulk fracture. Otherwise, the coefficient of friction between the diamond and rock could vary from 0.05 to 0.5 depending on the rock types tested. Impregnated diamond micro-bit drilling tests were conducted to observe the wear processes of both diamond and metal matrix at various drilling conditions. It was found that the penetration per revolution was the predominant parameter influencing the wear behavior of the impregnated diamond bits. The study indicated that the wear characteristics of impregnated diamond bits depended not only on their structure and material properties but also on the operational parameters of rock drilling.
Developmental patterns of sex differences in delinquency among African American adolescents: A test of the sex-invariance hypothesis

This paper addresses a developmental issue concerning longitudinal patterns of sex differences in delinquency. Hirschi and Gottfredson argue that the age-delinquency relation is invariant across sex and that sex differences in delinquency are invariant over time as well. A combination of these two propositions generates a hypothesis, called here the sex-invariance hypothesis, that sex differences in delinquency are invariant over developmental stages of adolescents. To test the sex-invariance hypothesis, nine waves of panel data collected from a representative urban sample of African American adolescents are analyzed. The overall findings show that sex differences in delinquency tend to vary as the subjects grow older, rather than remain constant as the invariance thesis posits. Specifically, sex differences in delinquency peak at the age of 15 and thereafter declines with age. We also find that parental supervision significantly explains sex differences in delinquency for younger adolescence, but not for older adolescence.
Middle ear development. III: Morphometric changes in the conducting apparatus of the Mongolian gerbil.

Abstract Middle-ear structural ontogeny was examined in 12 age groups of Mongolian gerbils between 2 and 42 days after birth. Measurements of tympanic membrane surface area; depth of the tympanic membrane cone; the lengths of the malleus and incus long processes; and stapes footplate, annular space, and oval window areas were obtained using video micrographs and computer digitization techniques. The incus long process matured first at 3.5 days after birth, while the pars flaccida surface area was the last middle-ear variable studied to reach adult size (26 days after birth). The incus long process increased its length by 30% from 0.5 mm to 0.65 mm. The malleus long process, however, demonstrated much more relative growth (47%). Pars tensa area expanded from 6.35 mm 2 at two days after birth to its adult size of 16.9 mm 2 and the stapes footplate expanded by 50%. The developmental changes observed in middle-ear anatomy are then discussed with regard to their contribution to the functional maturation of both the middle ear and more central auditory function.
Inhibition of peptidyltransferase and possible mode of action of a dipeptidyl chloramphenicol analog.

A dipeptidyl chloramphenicol analog, D-threo-2-(L-phenylalanylglycyl)amino-3- p -nitrophenyl-1,3-propanediol, has been prepared and examined as an inhibitor of ribosomal peptidyltransferase. The analog is a more effective inhibitor of poly (U,C) directed protein biosynthesis in an Escherichia coli cell-free system than chloramphenicol and shows inhibitory activity equal to the parent antibiotic in the transpeptidation reaction. These results and the common structural features of puromycin and this compound suggest a model for the binding modes of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol analogs. This proposal invokes four major binding pockets at the A-site of the peptidyltransferase center.
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion Does Not Correlate With Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome After Fontan Palliation

Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) reflects longitudinal myocardial shortening, the main component of right ventricular (RV) contraction in normal hearts. To date, TAPSE has not been extensively studied in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and systemic RVs after Fontan palliation. This retrospective study investigated HLHS patients after Fontan with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) performed between 1 January 2010 and 1 August 2012 and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) performed within 6 months of CMR. The maximal apical displacement of the lateral tricuspid valve annulus was measured on CMR (using four-chamber cine images) and on TTE (using two-dimensional apical views). To create TTE-TAPSE z-scores, published reference data were used. Intra- and interobserver variability was tested with analysis of variance. Inter-technique agreement of TTE and CMR was tested with Bland-Altman analysis. In this study, 30 CMRs and TTEs from 29 patients were analyzed. The age at CMR was 14.1 ± 7.1 years, performed 11.9 ± 7.8 years after Fontan. For CMR-TAPSE, the intraclass correlation coefficients for inter- and intraobserver variability were 0.89 and 0.91, respectively. The TAPSE measurements were 0.57 ± 0.2 cm on CMR and 0.70 ± 0.2 cm on TTE (TTE-TAPSE z score, -8.7 ± 1.0). The mean difference in TAPSE between CMR and TTE was -0.13 cm [95 % confidence interval (CI) -0.21 to -0.05], with 95 % limits of agreement (-0.55 to 0.29 cm). The study showed no association between CMR-TAPSE and RVEF (R = 0.08; p = 0.67). In patients with HLHS after Fontan, TAPSE is reproducible on CMR and TTE, with good agreement between the two imaging methods. Diminished TAPSE suggests impaired longitudinal shortening in the systemic RV. However, TAPSE is not a surrogate for RVEF in this study population.
O1, P1, N2 models of the global ocean tide on an elastic earth plus surface potential and spherical harmonic decompositions for M2, S2, and K1

The models of M2, S2, and K1 presented in Parke and Hendershott (1980) are supplemented with models of O1, P1, and N2. The models satisfy specified elevation boundary conditions and are generated by fighting a small number of test functions to island data. Maps are presented of the geocentric tide, the induced free space potential, the induced vertical component of the solid earth tide, and the induced vertical component of the gravitational field for each new component. Maps of the tidal potential seen by an observer fixed to the surface of the solid earth are also presented for all six constituents. Spherical harmonic coefficients up to order four and the rms magnitude of the coefficients to order fifteen are presented for each constituent. The rms magnitudes of the P1 and K1 coefficients normalized by their respective equilibrium amplitudes are compared to determine the effect of the diurnal core resonance.
Male security and art style in traditional societies

Summary In an early holocultural study of the relation of art style to social organization Fischer found that artists in societies characterized by polygynous marriage systems and male solidarity in residence tended to produce art products in which curved lines were present more often than straight lines. To explain these findings Fischer advanced a psychological variable he labeled “male security.” This paper suggests that Fischer's conceptualization of this variable is not adequate and decomposes the variable into two components: male security in the domain of heterosexual interaction and male security in the domain of father-son interaction. Cross-cultural statistical tests indicate that the latter may be more important than the former in explaining the line shape preferences of a society.
Bacteremic Nonmenstrual Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Associated with Enterotoxins A and C

We report a case of bacteremic nonmenstrual staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) producing staphylococcal enterotoxins A and C. The bloodstream isolation of Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the production of enterotoxins A and C, are unusual as separate entities, and distinctly uncommon when found together.
Coronary stent implantation in acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to provide an overview on stenting in acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results A search of MEDLINE and the scientific sessions abstracts in peer review journals through May 1998 was carried out to identify any publications on stenting in MI. The settings were retrospective and prospective case series on stenting in MI, nonrandomized and randomized trials comparing primary stenting and primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in MI, and stenting in cardiogenic shock complicating MI. Reported outcomes included procedural success, reocclusion, restenosis, and target vessel revascularization rates; incidence of death, MI, recurrent ischemia, major bleeding, and vascular complications; and incidence of cerebrovascular accidents. Procedural success rates were better for stenting than primary PTCA, and postprocedural minimum luminal diameters were larger. This resulted in lower reocclusion and restenosis rates and a lesser need for target vessel revascularization with primary stenting. The incidence of death, MI, and recurrent ischemia was also reduced with primary stenting. Major bleeding and vascular complications were confined to patients receiving anticoagulation as opposed to antiplatelet agents after stenting. Finally, a strategy of bailout stenting for failed PTCA in MI appears to be inferior to a primary stenting strategy. Conclusions Stenting in MI is an effective and safe reperfusion strategy with many advantages compared with primary PTCA. (Am Heart J 1999;137:603-11.)
Effects of a cryoprotective agent on thermal properties of solutions at subzero temperatures

The study focuses on evaluating the effects of adding a cryoprotective agent (CPA) on the thermal properties of solutions. Preliminary results for Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) with glycerol at subzero temperatures are reported. A Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) was used to measure the specific heat and to observe latent heat release. Cryomicroscopy was performed using a cryostage to control the cooling and heating rate of the sample and visually observe microscopic changes. The specific heat data obtained from the DSC is also used for predicting bulk thermal conductivity by a transient heat transfer model using a thermistor. Thermal properties measurement results show opposing trends prior to and after devitrification and melting events with respect to glycerol concentration.Copyright © 2004 by ASME