cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The interdependence of inventory management and retail shelf management

Acknowledges that the effect of displayed inventory on retail sales is widely recognized in the logistics, marketing and operations management literature and has been empirically verified. However, neither the marketing literature (shelf‐space allocation models) nor the operations management literature (inventory control models) has appropriately modeled this effect. The displayed‐inventory news‐vendor problem is developed and analyzed, utilizing a simple model to illustrate the interdependencies between the inventory and space‐allocation decisions. The model is then extended to the multi‐item case, which can be incorporated as part of a comprehensive shelf‐management system.
Truncation of nonimaging cusp concentrators

Abstract Truncation of nonimaging cusp reflectors which concentrate sunlight onto cylindrical receivers leads to collector designs which are more cost effective through substantial reductions in mirror height and length with small reductions in concentration ratios. In this paper, reflector shapes for truncated nonimaging cusp concentrators having various acceptance angles are presented, as well as curves for height/aperture and mirror arc length/aperture ratios versus concentration ratio. In addition to their general utility in concentrator design, the latter curves have special significance for thermoformed plastic reflector substrates. The reflector height/aperture ratio is the “draw”, and the reflector arc length/aperture ratio is the “stretch” to which the material is subjected during forming. With this information, important considerations in plastics fabrication can be addressed easily in the early design stages.
Processing of temporal fine structure as a function of age

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to determine whether the processing of temporal fine structure diminishes with age, even in the presence of relatively normal audiometric hearing. Temporal fine structure processing was assessed by measuring the discrimination of interaural phase differences
Public health and pipe breaks in water distribution systems: Analysis with internet search volume as a proxy

Drinking water distribution infrastructure has been identified as a factor in waterborne disease outbreaks and improved understanding of the public health risks associated with distribution system failures has been identified as a priority area for research. Pipe breaks may pose a risk, as their occurrence and repair can result in low or negative pressure, potentially allowing contamination of drinking water from adjacent soils. However, measuring this phenomenon is challenging because the most likely health impact is mild gastrointestinal (GI) illness, which is unlikely to result in a doctor or hospital visit. Here we present a novel method that uses data mining techniques and internet search volume to assess the relationship between pipe breaks and symptoms of GI illness in two U.S. cities. Weekly search volume for the terms diarrhea and vomiting was used as the response variable with the number of pipe breaks in each city as a covariate as well as additional covariates to control for seasonal patterns, search volume persistence, and other sources of GI illness. The fit and predictive accuracy of multiple regression and data mining techniques were compared, with the best performance obtained using random forest and bagged regression tree models. Pipe breaks were found to be an important and positively correlated predictor of internet search volume in multiple models in both cities, supporting previous investigations that indicated an increased risk of GI illness from distribution system disturbances.
Teaching for physical literacy: Implications to instructional design and PETE

Abstract Physical education teachers play an important role in helping students' development of the motor skills needed to be physically literate individuals. Research suggests that teacher made instructional design decisions can lead to enhanced motor skill learning. After presenting a model of evidence-based research this paper presents information that will help teachers plan and execute lessons designed to improve students' motor skills. Variables that impact motor skill learning in physical education including time, type of practice, content, presentation and organizational strategies, and student skill level are presented and discussed. A brief section on student attitudes, their relation to motor skill learning and to physical literacy is included. Motor skills are needed for physically literate people to enjoy lifelong physical activity. Physical education teachers and the decisions they make contribute to students' learning and whether the goal of physical literacy is met.
NEUTRONS OF POSSIBLE THERMONUCLEAR ORIGIN

Neutrons were produced from a deuterium plasma compressed by a rising axial magnetic field. The device used, named Scylla, at present employs three single-turn coils. The emission of both x rays and neutrons were observed during the second and to a lesser extent later compressions. X rays, when observed, occur during the beginning and the end of a compression cycle when the electric fleld is high. In contrast, neutrons occur only in summetrical bursts lasting about 1 mu sec centered on the instant of compression. (M.H.R.)
Midtrimester amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor-alpha does not predict small-for-gestational-age infants.

PROBLEM: To evaluate the independent ability of midtrimester amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the prediction of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. METHOD OF STUDY: In this case-control study, patients delivering a SGA infant were matched with controls based on GA at delivery, maternal age, race, and parity. Patients with immune disease, chronic hypertension, diabetes, asthma, congenital hearts disease, multiple gestation, and fetal anomalies were excluded. Amniotic fluid samples were immunoassayed for TNF-α. Potential confounding variables evaluated were maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level, smoking history, pregnancy induced hypertension, and neonatal gender. Statistical analysis included Fisher's exact test and ANOVA after log transformation with P < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Eighteen patients delivered SGA neonates and were matched with 41 controls. No significant differences were identified in the confounding variables between patients with SGA neonates and controls. Amniotic fluid TNF-α levels were not significantly different between patients subsequently delivering SGA neonates and controls [median 7.63 (range 0.25-16.1) pg/mL versus 9.39 (0.25–66.9) pg/mL, P = 0.8]. CONCLUSIONS: Midtrimester amniotic fluid TNF-α levels are not predictive of SGA neonates when compared with controls matched for gestational age at delivery.
Quantum hydrodynamics with trajectories: The nonlinear conservation form mixed/discontinuous Galerkin method with applications in chemistry

We present a solution to the conservation form (Eulerian form) of the quantum hydrodynamic equations which arise in chemical dynamics by implementing a mixed/discontinuous Galerkin (MDG) finite element numerical scheme. We show that this methodology is stable, showing good accuracy and a remarkable scale invariance in its solution space. In addition the MDG method is robust, adapting well to various initial-boundary value problems of particular significance in a range of physical and chemical applications. We further show explicitly how to recover the Lagrangian frame (or pathline) solutions.
Pulsed laser annealing of ion implanted Ge

Ion backscattering/channeling and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the annealing behavior of ion implanted Ge single crystals using a Q-switched ruby laser. The impurities studied were Bi, In, Sb and Pb, which were implanted at liquid nitrogen temperature into both (100) and (111) crystal orientations. A rather unique damage structure which can form during room temperature implantation of Ge is discussed. Maximum substitutional concentrations, which far exceed the retrograde maxima, are reported for all the dopants studied in (100)Ge. The maximum concentrations were limited by an interfacial instability during epitaxial growth following laser irradiation which led to the formation of a well-defined cellular structure.
Effect of Manganese Ions on the Fermentative Activity of Frozen-Thawed Lactobacilli

The lactic acid fermentation of monoand disaccharides by frozenthawed Lactobacillus plantarum in modified All Purpose Tween (MAPT) broth was stimulated by manganese ions (Mn2+). Beaker sausage formulated with either dextrose or sucrose attained pH 5.0 faster with Mn2+. L. plantarum frozen stored for 2 wk was stimulated by Mn2+ more than the same culture frozen stored for 2 yr. The fermentation period of sucrose with Mn2+ was shorter than that of dextrose. CaC12 (as a substitute for NaCI) and Mn2+ reduced the fermentation period more than NaCI. The fermentation of dextrose by L. lactis was reduced the most by Mn2+, followed by L. casei subspecies casei, L. plantarum and L. casei subsp. alactosus. Calcium ions were not efficient in reducing the fermentation time of dextrose by lactobacilli in summer sausage.
Oxygen separation from air by a combined pressure swing adsorption and continuous membrane column process

Abstract The separation of O2 from air, by a process in which the adsorption of N2 on a zeolite is combined with a subsequent O2 enrichment by permeation through a polymer membrane, was investigated. It was found that a higher degree of O2 separation from air is obtained with the combined pressure swing adsorption (PSA)—continuous membrane column (CMC) process than by either one of the two processes. With its good agreement between experimental and the numerically simulated data, the theoretical model for the CMC process was used to design a PSA-CMC apparatus with improved O2 separation. Based on the separation performances and materials that are already available, the possibility to develop a PSA-CMC process for the small-scale continuous production of 99.5% O2 from air was explored. The results obtained show that the economics of this process compare favorably with those of gaseous O2 supply from high-pressure cylinders.
Finding the Sacred in Unexpected Places: Religious Evanescence and Evocation

This address examines the complex processes whereby cultural understandings of the sacred and, consequently, religious identity are negotiated in the contemporary social world. Two key processes of negotiation are delineated, namely, religious evanescence and religious evocation. Religious evanescence reflects efforts to deemphasize or sever connections to the sacred. By contrast, religious evocation consists of activities that emphasize or enhance linkages to sacred things. Groups actively manage their relationship to the sacred, and thus their religious identities, by engaging in evanescent or evocative practices. Moreover, the rejection of sacred things (evanescence) and the affirmation of them (evocation) are not mutually exclusive processes. They can be enlisted strategically, selectively, and even in combination with one another to suit a wide variety of social contexts and normative expectations. Boundaries in relation to the sacred are, therefore, sites for contradictory and innovative social processes. The contested and fluid boundaries that define the genre of “Christian rock” serve to illustrate these processes.
Cold Start of a Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cell III. Optimization of Operational and Configurational Parameters

The two-dimensional cold-start model developed in Part I of this study and verified in Part II is deployed to determine a cold-start protocol and cathode catalyst-layer properties that enable cell performance to meet the Department of Energy's start-time target of 30 s to 50% power from −20°C. Constraints include eliminating the cathode catalyst layer's (cCL's) exposure to high ice pressures, reducing fuel consumption, and increasing the power available from the cell during the cold-start process. It is shown that neither a galvanostatic nor a potentiostatic protocol holds a significant advantage with respect to meeting the start-time target. On the other hand, in either case, operating at a higher current density (corresponding to a lower cell potential) results in high ice pressures within the cCL, primarily near the membrane/cCL interface. Finally, for a given initial start-up temperature, increasing the porosity and the ionomer content of the cCL reduces both start time and the amount of the cCL that experiences high ice pressure.
Exploring Fundamental Concepts for Home Economics and Family and Consumer Sciences Practice Using A Philosophy of Home Economics by Fusa Sekiguchi

This article explores fundamental concepts in Sekiguchi’s 2004 English translation of A Philosophy of Home Economics and their similarity to the critical science conceptualization of family and consumer sciences in the United States. Like Brown and Paolucci’s landmark 1979 Definition of Home Economics, Sekiguchi’s book draws from many scholars from different disciplines and countries. She builds on existential philosophy, but goes beyond it through the work of German philosopher and educator Otto Friedrich Bollnow (1903–1991), who was influential in the human science movement in German education partly because of his book, translated in 2008 as Human Space, one of the most comprehensive studies of space as we experience it. His work is said to lie within and between existentialism and phenomenology, dwelling on the home as the primary world of human existence and the center of security and protection from the larger world. Sekiguchi and her colleagues worked 10 years to develop their conceptualization of the principles of the profession, which the authors of this article encourage family and consumer sciences professionals to discuss.
The changing nature of competition in the US manufacturing sector, 1950-2002

Recent work in several disciplines has established that the volatility of performance for US firms has greatly increased over the last 50 years. Yet, it is the differences in durable performance of firms that have been the primary focus of inquiry in competition and business strategy. This study documents the sharply increased within-industry heterogeneity of returns in the US manufacturing sector from 1950 to 2002, and links these changes to the documented increases in volatility. The evidence supports a broad, monotonic shift towards a new, more dynamic form of competition, which some have called hypercompetition.
Quantitative Assessment of Habitat Preferences for the Puerto Rican Terrestrial Frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui

Abstract We conducted a quantitative analysis of adult and juvenile Eleutherodactylus coqui (coqui) habitat preferences in Puerto Rico. The analysis consisted of two surveys: one to quantify potential habitat and another to quantify habitat use. Coquis were found to use most habitats available to them; however, adults and juveniles preferred different plant species, habitat structural components, and heights from the forest floor. Adult and juvenile coquis had opposite associations with many important plant species in the forest (e.g., Prestoea montana and Heliconia carabea) and habitat structural components. Adults had a negative association with leaves and a positive association with leaf litter. Juveniles showed the opposite trend. Adults were more evenly distributed with respect to height than were juveniles, with adults preferring heights around 1.1 m and juveniles preferring heights closer to the forest floor. The quantitative survey technique for determining habitat preferences used in this study g...
System identification with binary-valued sensors

The problem of system identification is investigated for plants which are equipped only with binary-valued sensors. Optimal identification errors, time complexity, optimal input design, and impact of disturbances and unmodelled dynamics on identification accuracy and complexity are explored. It is revealed that switching sensors impose fundamental limitations on identification accuracy and time complexity, and carry distinct features beyond identification with regular sensors. Furthermore, it is shown that the time complexity of such identification problems is intimately related to the Kolmogorov /spl epsi/-entropy of parameter uncertainty sets.
Phase behavior in HIQ40 liquid crystalline polymers

The thermotropic copolyester consisting of 40 mol%p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 30 mol% isophthalic acid/30 mol% hydroquinone (HIQ40), prepared by two different synthetic routes (“acidolysis” or “phenylester”) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. All these samples show a glass transition temperature in the range of 125–141°C, dependent on the sample thermal history. A crystal to nematic transition is observed between 300 and 375°C. The samples prepared by the acidolysis route, when compared to those producedvia the phenylester reaction, have higher crystallinity which is due to the formation of “IA/HQ” crystals. The crystallinity can be increased significantly (as much as twice) by annealing the polymers at 300°C. The heat of fusion (X → N, crystal to nematic) of the annealed acidolysis samples is also higher than that of the polymers prepared by the phenylester process. The nematic to isotropic (N → I) transitions are broad, exhibiting no definite clearing points. Several mesogenic transitions as suggested by X-ray studies and two crystallization peaks were found for all samples studied. This may be an indication that the samples consist of two, distinct polymeric compositions or that there are two crystal forms. Furthermore, since the intensity ratio of the two crystallization peaks changes as a function of annealing, it is clear that the chemical/physical state of the polymer depends on the thermal history of the samples. Attempts to prepare amorphous HIQ40 and nematic HIQ40 glass by quenching from the isotropic state (480°C and 400°C, respectively) were unsuccessful, however, it can be prepared by precipitation of the acidolysis polymer from solution.
Ethics in Rehabilitation: Access to Prosthetics and Quality Care Following Amputation.

Health outcomes for people who have had amputations are affected not only by barriers to access, such as race, socioeconomic status and cost, but also by the type of facility where they receive treatment and rehabilitative services.
Flavonoids Can Protect Maize DNA from the Induction of Ultraviolet Radiation Damage

Diverse flavonoid compounds are widely distributed in angiosperm families. Flavonoids absorb radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the spectrum, and it has been proposed that these compounds function as UV filters. We demonstrate that the DNA in Zea mays plants that contain flavonoids (primarily anthocyanins) is protected from the induction of damage caused by UV radiation relative to the DNA in plants that are genetically deficient in these compounds. DNA damage was measured with a sensitive and simple assay using individual monoclonal antibodies, one specific for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer damage and the other specific for pyrimidine(6,4)pyrimidone damage.
Ultra thin HCG in a NEMO tunable VCSEL

The authors present nano-electromechanical optoelectronic (NEMO) tunable VCSELs utilizing an ultra-thin, electrostatic-actuated single-layer (140 nm), high-contrast subwavelength grating designed to strongly reflect TE-polarized light. A 2 mW single-mode (SMSR ~45 dB) VCSEL with ultra-fast tuning speed ~90 ns is experimentally demonstrated.
"Miriam Took her Timbrel out and all the Women Danced:" A Midrashic Motif of Contemporary Jewish Feminism

In Exodus 15:20, following Moses‚Ao Song at the Sea, we encounter an interesting passage: ‚AuAnd Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a drum in her hand; and all the women went out after her with drums, dancing.‚Au Whereas Biblical tradition has tended to ignore, or at least minimize women‚Aos experience, here Torah provides a very clear description of a public women‚Aos celebration, led by Moses‚Ao older sister Miriam Ha-Neviah, Miriam the Prophetess. This scene of women celebrating together with musical creativity, fervor and devotion has become a powerful image and rallying point for contemporary Jewish feminism. Over the past twenty-five years, Midrashic extrapolations of the Miriam motif have burgeoned within the North American Jewish community. Concomitant with the full empowerment of women as rabbis, teachers and ritual leaders, the motif
Reduced-Order Modeling of Flexible Structures

An alternate procedure for deriving a reduced-order model is presented. The Routh expansion method is used and preserves the original system impulse response energy. This procedure does not acquire knowledge of the system eigenvalues/eigenvectors and guarantees a stable reduced-order model if the original system is stable. The method is illustrated on a simply supported beam subjected to moment excitation. A comparison is made with reduced-order models obtained using other methods.
Cis-dimerization Mediates Function of Junctional Adhesion Molecule A

Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane component of tight junctions that has been proposed to play a role in regulating epithelial cell adhesion and migration, yet mechanistic structure–function studies are lacking. Although biochemical and structural studies indicate that JAM-A forms cis-homodimers, the functional significance of dimerization is unclear. Here, we report the effects of cis-dimerization–defective JAM-A mutants on epithelial cell migration and adhesion. Overexpression of dimerization-defective JAM-A mutants in 293T cells inhibited cell spreading and migration across permeable filters. Similar inhibition was observed with using dimerization-blocking antibodies. Analyses of cells expressing the JAM-A dimerization-defective mutant proteins revealed diminished β1 integrin protein but not mRNA levels. Further analyses of β1 protein localization and expression after disruption of JAM-A dimerization suggested that internalization of β1 integrin precedes degradation. A functional link between JAM-A and β1 integrin was confirmed by restoration of cell migration to control levels after overexpression of β1 integrin in JAM-A dimerization-defective cells. Last, we show that the functional effects of JAM dimerization require its carboxy-terminal postsynaptic density 95/disc-large/zonula occludins-1 binding motif. These results suggest that dimerization of JAM-A regulates cell migration and adhesion through indirect mechanisms involving posttranscriptional control of β1 integrin levels.
Persistent sciatic artery aneurysm treated with concomitant tibial bypass and vascular plug embolization

The presence of a persistent sciatic artery is a rare congenital vascular malformation. Complications associated with aneurysmal degeneration of this aberrant vessel include rupture, thrombosis, and embolization with obliteration of outflow vessels. We describe the case of an 82-year-old female presenting with critical limb ischemia due to embolization from a partially thrombosed persistent sciatic artery aneurysm. Successful treatment was achieved via a common femoral to posterior tibial artery bypass with the great saphenous vein and vascular plug embolization of the aneurysm.
A numerical analysis of NOx formation and control in radiatively/ conductively-stabilized pulverized coal combustors

Abstract In an attempt to study ways for reducing NO x emissions from radiatively/conductively-stabilized combustors (RCSC) for pulverized coal, a comprehensive conjugate heat and mass transfer and reaction kinetics model of that combustor was developed. As compared with a much simpler three-reaction model, the radiation intensity distribution obtained by the new model shows a substantial decrease in the flame region. The analysis has shown that (1) the effect of a 10% deviation in the diffusion coefficients on the results was found to be negligible, indicating that the use of binary coefficients instead of those for a multi-component system may be good enough in such combustion modeling, (2) flame location was found to have little effect (∼6%), and internal wall emittance an insignificant effect, on NO emissions, (3) the mass fraction of these emissions could be lowered by lowering the flame temperature, accomplished by increasing the excess air ratio, (4) at the same time, the overall mass of NO emitted with the thicker lower-temperature flames produced by such increases in excess air was much higher, indicating that the RCSC with its capability for producing a high temperature thin flame is much more effective for the reduction of NO emissions than lower temperature combustion alternatives.
Encoding Probabilistic Brain Atlases Using Bayesian Inference

This paper addresses the problem of creating probabilistic brain atlases from manually labeled training data. Probabilistic atlases are typically constructed by counting the relative frequency of occurrence of labels in corresponding locations across the training images. However, such an ldquoaveragingrdquo approach generalizes poorly to unseen cases when the number of training images is limited, and provides no principled way of aligning the training datasets using deformable registration. In this paper, we generalize the generative image model implicitly underlying standard ldquoaveragerdquo atlases, using mesh-based representations endowed with an explicit deformation model. Bayesian inference is used to infer the optimal model parameters from the training data, leading to a simultaneous group-wise registration and atlas estimation scheme that encompasses standard averaging as a special case. We also use Bayesian inference to compare alternative atlas models in light of the training data, and show how this leads to a data compression problem that is intuitive to interpret and computationally feasible. Using this technique, we automatically determine the optimal amount of spatial blurring, the best deformation field flexibility, and the most compact mesh representation. We demonstrate, using 2-D training datasets, that the resulting models are better at capturing the structure in the training data than conventional probabilistic atlases. We also present experiments of the proposed atlas construction technique in 3-D, and show the resulting atlases' potential in fully-automated, pulse sequence-adaptive segmentation of 36 neuroanatomical structures in brain MRI scans.
Nonmaximally decimated filterbank based precoder/post-equalizer for blind channel identification and optimal MMSE equalization

A novel nonmaximally decimated multirate filterbank structure is proposed for blind identification of communication channels. This structure is shown to be very similar to a form proposed earlier in the literature. The proposed blind channel identification algorithm is not sensitive to the characteristics of the unknown channel, including mixed phase and zeros on the unit circle. An optimal minimum mean square error based linear equalizer using the blind channel identification scheme is investigated. It is shown that the proposed system outperforms the existing zero-forcing blind equalization algorithms in the literature. It can simultaneously cancel the intersymbol interference (ISI) and suppress the noise enhancement. The reconstructed signal to noise ratio is maximized by the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show the superior performance and robustness of the proposed blind identification and equalization scheme.
Halogenation of 3-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)sydnone

Most 3-arylsydnones (e. g., 1, R = Ar) react with halogenating agents such as bromine,1 chlorine,2 N-bromosuccinimide,3 N-chlorosuccinimide,4 potassium bromate or potassium chlorate,5 dichloroiodobenzene,6 or iodine monochloride7 to give the corresponding 4-halo derivatives (e. g., 2, R = Ar). The lack of halogenation on the 3-aryl ring reflects the electron-withdrawing nature of the sydnone ring.8 However, a number of years ago we reported the first examples of bromination on the aryl substituent where the latter was sufficiently activated. Thus, bromination of 3-(2-aminophenyl)sydnone (3a) with one equivalent of bromine gave a mixture of products including 3b (13%) and 3c (25%).9 With five equivalents of bromine, only the tribromo compound 3d was formed. We described also the selective aryl ring bromination of an iminophosphorane derived from 3a.10
Compartment-specific Synthesis of Phosphatidylethanolamine Is Required for Normal Heavy Metal Resistance

Control of lipid composition of membranes is crucial to ensure normal cellular functions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two different phosphatidylserine decarboxylase enzymes (Psd1 and Psd2) that catalyze formation of phosphatidylethanolamine. The mitochondrial Psd1 provides roughly 70% of the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis in the cell with Psd2 carrying out the remainder. Here, we demonstrate that loss of Psd2 causes cells to acquire sensitivity to cadmium even though Psd1 remains intact. This cadmium sensitivity results from loss of normal activity of a vacuolar ATP-binding cassette transporter protein called Ycf1. Measurement of phospholipid levels indicates that loss of Psd2 causes a specific reduction in vacuolar membrane PE levels, whereas total PE levels are not significantly affected. The presence of a phosphatidylinositol transfer protein called Pdr17 is required for Psd2 function and normal cadmium tolerance. We demonstrate that Pdr17 and Psd2 form a complex in vivo that seems essential for maintenance of vacuolar PE levels. Finally, we refine the localization of Psd2 to the endosome arguing that this enzyme controls vacuolar membrane phospholipid content by regulating phospholipids in compartments that will eventually give rise to the vacuole. Disturbance of this regulation of intracellular phospholipid balance leads to selective loss of membrane protein function in the vacuole.
Hereditary ovarian and breast cancer: what have we learned?

An autosomal-dominant inherited trait predisposing women to both breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) was first described in 1971. Subsequent strides were made in identifying mutations in the eventually cloned genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 as being responsible for hereditary BC and OC (HBOC) in many women with early-onset HBOC. More recently, modifiers of BC risk have also been identified and are under study. The biological and molecular genetic pathways for malignant transformation in OC (ovarian epithelium and/or epithelium of the fallopian tube or, possibly, the endometrium and endocervix) remain elusive. The answer to the question 'What have we learned?' which is part of our chapter title unfortunately remains incomplete. However, intensive worldwide research indicates that its malignant transformation is the product of a multi-step process where there is an array of mutations which account for three or more classes of genes, inclusive of proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and mutator genes. This causal uncertainty heralds an enormous clinical-pathology dilemma, given the fact that epithelial OC, together with related Mullerian duct carcinoma, harbor the highest fatality rates of all gynecologic malignancies.
It offshoring and American labor

This article presents an overview of the offshoring of information technology (IT), especially software and IT-enabled services, and its impacts on American labor. Topics include the history of offshoring politics in the United States, differences in attitudes between politicians and economists in their attitudes about the severity of the offshoring “problem,” national differences in types of offshoring providers, technological and other drivers of offshoring, reasons to offshore, characteristics of work amenable to offshoring, the employment impact in the United States, political and educational responses to offshoring in the United States, and the roles of labor unions and big business.
Intensive Culture of Larval Walleyes with Dry or Formulated Feed: Note on Swim Bladder Inflation

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of modified feeding techniques and three dry or formulated diets on the survival, growth, and swim bladder inflation of larval walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum). In experiment 1, duplicate lots of 3,000 fish/tank were fed either a gelatin–casein diet (Gel), a semimoist extruded diet (Biotrainer), or dehydrated, decapsulated brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) cysts (Decaps). Mean survival to 21 d was greater for fish consuming Biotrainer (12.3%) than for fish fed Decaps (1.6%) or Gel (0.5%). Fish consuming Decaps were longer at the end of the trial (P < 0.01) than either Biotrainer- or Gel-fed groups (18.2 mm versus 16.7 and 13.1 mm total length, respectively), but the proportion with inflated swim bladders was less (44% Decaps versus 83% Biotrainer and 94% Gel; P < 0.01). In experiment 2, Biotrainer and Decaps were fed to triplicate lots of 2,000 fish/tank. Mean total length at 28 d was greater (P < 0.01) for fish consuming Decaps (21.3 versus 17.3 mm), bu...
Chemical Doping of Graphene Nanoribbon Field-Effect Devices

In this paper, the first air-stable n-type and p-type chemical doping in graphene via charge transfer have been demonstrated, and shown that the doping does not deteriorate the majority carrier mobility. The top-gated graphene structures have been further fabricated and demonstrated p-n junction in graphene nanoribbon (GNR) devices.
Prefrontal functioning during context processing in schizophrenia and major depression: An event-related fMRI study

Patients with schizophrenia frequently demonstrate hypofrontality in tasks that require executive processing; however questions still remain as to whether prefrontal cortex dysfunctions are specific to schizophrenia, or a general feature of major psychopathology. Context processing is conceptualized as an executive function associated with attention and working memory processes. Impairment in the ability of patients with schizophrenia to represent and maintain context information has been previously reported in a number of studies. To examine the question of the specificity of a context processing deficit to schizophrenia, we used functional MRI and an expectancy AX continuous performance task designed to assess context processing in a group of healthy controls (n=9), depressed patient controls (n=10), and patients with schizophrenia (n=7). The behavioral performance was consistent with a context processing deficit in patients with schizophrenia, but not those with depression. The imaging data replicate previous results in showing abnormal activity in the right middle frontal gyrus (BA9) in schizophrenia patients related to context processing. D 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Study of power system harmonics in an unbalanced system using the three-phase bus impedance matrix

The authors study the effect of harmonic current injected at a certain bus on the voltages at the other buses using the three-phase bus impedance matrix of an unbalanced system at normal and abnormal conditions. The effects of the system capacitors (grounded or ungrounded) in the presence of harmonic distortion is also studied. The results show that for both normal and abnormal system conditions, the highest voltage variations occur when the system capacitors are disconnected. The best case (smallest voltage variation) occurs when the system capacitors are grounded. In the case of ungrounded capacitors, the voltage variation falls in between the other two cases. These conclusions apply to higher harmonic orders. It is also found that the buses closest to the source of injected harmonic current are subject to extremely high voltage variation. >
Survey of Coherent Approximately 1 Hz Waves in Mercury's Inner Magnetosphere from MESSENGER Observations

We summarize observations by the MESSENGER spacecraft of highly coherent waves at frequencies between 0.4 and 5 Hz in Mercury's inner magnetosphere. This survey covers the time period from 24 March to 25 September 2011, or 2.1 Mercury years. These waves typically exhibit banded harmonic structure that drifts in frequency as the spacecraft traverses the magnetic equator. The waves are seen at all magnetic local times, but their observed rate of occurrence is much less on the dayside, at least in part the result of MESSENGER's orbit. On the nightside, on average, wave power is maximum near the equator and decreases with increasing magnetic latitude, consistent with an equatorial source. When the spacecraft traverses the plasma sheet during its equatorial crossings, wave power is a factor of 2 larger than for equatorial crossings that do not cross the plasma sheet. The waves are highly transverse at large magnetic latitudes but are more compressional near the equator. However, at the equator the transverse component of these waves increases relative to the compressional component as the degree of polarization decreases. Also, there is a substantial minority of events that are transverse at all magnetic latitudes, including the equator. A few of these latter events could be interpreted as ion cyclotron waves. In general, the waves tend to be strongly linear and characterized by values of the ellipticity less than 0.3 and wave-normal angles peaked near 90 deg. Their maxima in wave power at the equator coupled with their narrow-band character suggests that these waves might be generated locally in loss cone plasma characterized by high values of the ratio beta of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure. Presumably both electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves and electromagnetic ion Bernstein waves can be generated by ion loss cone distributions. If proton beta decreases with increasing magnetic latitude along a field line, then electromagnetic ion Bernstein waves are predicted to transition from compressional to transverse, a pattern consistent with our observations. We hypothesize that these local instabilities can lead to enhanced ion precipitation and directly feed field-line resonances.
Perceptual subcategories within non-native English

Abstract Listeners׳ ability to distinguish native from non-native speech has been robustly attested, but less is known about the nature of perceptual subcategories within non-native speech. This study examined American English-speaking listeners׳ abilities to perform auditory free classification by talker native language (L1) background on the basis of CV- and word-length excerpts of English productions by L1 American English, L1 Hindi, L1 Korean, L1 Mandarin, and L1 Spanish talkers. Results are examined in terms of classification accuracy and perceptual similarity, and the phonetic properties predicting listeners׳ classification responses are explored. Overall, L1 American English talkers were grouped together, as were L1 Hindi talkers. Talkers from L1 Korean and L1 Mandarin were perceptually similar to one another, although they did not comprise a single shared group. Deviation from native norms in VOT and in spectral and temporal properties of vowels predicted listeners׳ classification responses. These results suggest that listeners can use specific phonetic properties of the speech signal to group talkers on the basis of very little input, and that L1 Hindi talkers form a clear and consistent subcategory of non-native talkers for American English-speaking listeners.
Importance of small-scale paleo-oceanographic conditions to interpret changes in size of California mussel (Mytilus californianus). Late Holocene, Santa Cruz island, California

Abstract Several authors have highlighted the difficulties in disentangling human from natural effects when studying shellfish foraging strategies and archeo-malacogical records. In coastal settings, one of the reasons for this difficulty is the lack of understanding of small-scale oceanographic conditions and their influence on coastal and marine species used by people in the past. The present study evaluated the influence of environmental conditions on shellfish harvesting during the Late Holocene around Santa Cruz Island (Southern California) considering small-scale nearshore oceanographic variability around the Island and its effect on M. californianus (main shellfish species exploited through prehistory along the coast of California). Fluctuations in size and abundance of M. californianus shells through time and local past sea surface temperature (SST) values from oxygen isotope analysis of mussel shells are correlated throughout the stratigraphy of two shell midden sites (2200–500 cal B.P.) nearby coasts with different paleo-oceanographic characteristics. Despite the fact that human harvesting seems to have been the main force shaping length and availability of M. californianus , no clear evidence of human pressure was found on archaeological mussel assemblages. Results also show that fluctuations in regional SST records (Santa Barbara Basin marine core) do not represent local SST variations (oxygen isotope analyses on mussel shells), especially if the archaeological site is located on a coast exposed to strong and consistent upwelling activity. By re-evaluating human impact on mussel beds during the Late Holocene around Santa Cruz Island, the research presented here demonstrates the importance of considering small-scale nearshore oceanography for understanding the archaeological evidence of prehistoric human foraging on important intertidal shellfish species.
The Role of TMTs Competitor-Specific & Competitor-Related Human Capital on IPO Performance

This study draws on research on human capital, organizational learning, and competitive dynamics to explore the role that top management team (TMT) members’ competitors-specific and competitor-related human capital has on young entrepreneurial firms’ IPO performance. Employing a multi-year panel data of new IPOs between the periods of 1995-2010 from the U.S. semiconductor industry, the results of this study show that the prevalence of competitor- specific and competitor-related knowledge in the TMTs of IPO firms leads to higher market valuations of the IPO firm. Additionally, the results show that the employment characteristics such as tenure and the position held at the source firm, the product-market diversity and the learning emphasis of the source firm moderate the relationship between competitor-specific (and competitor-related) human capital and IPO performance.
TWO NEW AUSTRALASIAN SPECIES OF AMOEBIDIALES ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC INSECT LARVAE, AND COMMENTS ON THEIR BIOGEOGRAPHY

The Amoebidiales, traditionally included in the fungal class Trichomycetes, consists of two genera (Paramoebidium and Amoebidium) and six valid species associated with freshwater crustaceans and insect larvae. Some of these commensals are common and generally widespread. A new species Paramoebidium papillatum is described from the hindgut of Siphlonuridae mayflies in New Zealand streams. The only other known New Zealand species P. bibrachium is closely allied and is found in Leptophlebiidae mayflies. The genus Paramoebidium is apparently rare in New Zealand but common in Australia. The only species of Amoebidium found in Australia and New Zealand to date is the new species A. australiense; it lives commensalistically on the external cuticle of a species of bloodworm (Chironomidae) in Western Australia. The biogeography of the Amoebidiales in Australia and New Zealand is discussed.
System-level Optimization and Concurrent Engineering: A Comparative Experiment

‡One method for rapid conceptual design is integrated concurrent engineering. This generally involves a team of designers manually exploring a design space, while attempting to satisfy all requirements. By including system-level optimization techniques in the integrated concurrent engineering process, it is possible to improve the efficiency and results of the design process. This experimental study was performed to confirm and quantify those improvements. A two-stage liquid rocket model was used as the focus of the study. This model represented a complex and coupled multidisciplinary design problem in which several input parameters could be varied to affect the outputs of rocket performance and cost. Several design teams were given the task of optimizing the rocket by simultaneously maximizing mass capability and minimizing cost. Some of the design teams used systemlevel optimization in parallel with integrated concurrent engineering, while the other teams used integrated concurrent engineering only. The results of the design sessions were compared with respect to several metrics, and it was shown that optimization shows significant advantages, with over 90% confidence in certain categories.
Evaluating binding avidities of populations of heterogeneous multivalent ligand-functionalized nanoparticles

Ligand-functionalized, multivalent nanoparticles have been extensively studied as targeted carriers in biomedical applications for drug delivery and imaging. The chemical synthesis method used, however, generates nanoparticles that are heterogeneous with respect to the number of ligands on each nanoparticle. This article examines the role this heterogeneity in ligand number plays in multivalent interactions between nanoparticle ligands and targeted receptors. We designed and synthesized a model heterogeneous multivalent nanoparticle system and developed a unique kinetic analysis to quantify the avidity interactions. This system used mono-dispersed poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers that were then chemically functionalized with ssDNA oligonucleotides as to yield the heterogeneous nanoparticle platform (ligand valencies n = 1.7, 3.1, 6), and employed complementary oligonucleotides as targeted receptors on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor to evaluate the multivalent binding of the nanoparticle po...
Race, Structural Violence, and the Neoliberal University: The Challenges of Inhabitation

This article connects the existence of structural violence to neoliberalism, by which we mean the economic and social philosophy that imposes free-market fundamentalism on all human interactions. W...
Inhibition of flavone from Glycyrrhiza uralensis on capsaicin-induced cough reflex in guinea pig

Objective To investigate the antitussive activity and action sites of flavone from Glycyrrhiza uralensis(FGU) in guinea pig.Methods Cough reflex was induced by capsaicin aerosol in guinea pigs.The cough number of times was recorded by MedLab data adoption system. Results FGU 30,100,and 300 mg/kg(ig) inhibited capsaicin-induced cough reflex in a dose-dependent manner.Inhibitory rates of cough reflex were 32.7%,49.3%,and 59.6%,respectively.There was a significantly different comparison with those of model group(P0.01,0.001, respectively).FGU 100 mg/kg markedly decreased cough reflex number of times induced by capsaicin at 1,4,and 6 h after ig administration(P0.01,0.05),but had no effect at 8 and 12 h(P0.05).Pretreatment with Naloxone(0.3 mg/kg,ip) partly blocked the effects of FGU,but neither methysergide(3 mg/kg,ip) nor glibenclamide(20 mg/kg,ip) worked.Conclusion FGU inhibits capsaicin-induced cough reflex in guinea pig in a dose-dependent manner.FGU(100 mg/kg,ig) had a continuous antitussive effect more than 6 h.Partly block effect of Nalo-(xone) on FGU suggests that FGU might indirectly influence endogenous opium system.
The use of osseointegrated implants in craniofacial trauma

The objective in treating patients with injuries sustained in craniofacial trauma is to reinstate preinjury facial projection and function. The capability of providing spatially related facial reconstruction is predicated on basic craniofacial surgical principles, generally accepted as the standard of care. These principles include early surgical intervention, immediate bone grafting, and the use of internal rigid fixation. The introduction of osseointegrated dental implants has significantly improved the overall reconstruction of patients with cranio-maxillofacial injuries, including soft tissue repair and cosmetic surgery. The purpose of this article is to review the utilization of dental implants in the context of maxillofacial trauma, using three cases to document the clinical procedure.