cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Household Travel Analysis Using Bayesian Negative Binomial Models

One critical component in transportation planning is the relationship between household travel patterns and socioeconomic factors. The 2009 National Household Travel Survey in the U.S. provides data to characterize such a relationship. Although NHTS is considered the most informative dataset for house travel patterns on national level, the depth and frequency of the survey are constrained by available budget. The goal of this study is to develop a better model to produce more reasonable parameter estimations and better prediction performance. This paper examines the conventional negative binomial regression model for household trips production analysis. This approach incorporates prior information, has optimal small-sample properties and allows for tractable inference. Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation, parameters are estimated a randomly sampled dataset. It is found that Bayesian negative binomial model is effective in enhancing model estimation performance when sample size is limited but reliable prior information is available. INRODUCTION As the most important indicator of household travel patterns, the number of daily trips by one household has been studied by many researches using a wide spectrum of approaches. Statistical analysis is probably the most prevailing approach as it quantifies the relationship between household trip generation and the large set of potential influential factors (Hanson and Hanson 1981; Schmocker, Quddus et al. 2005). In the 1950s and 1960s the development of computers technology facilitated widespread advances in statistical estimation. These involved iterative techniques for optimizing goodness of fit and obtaining maximum likelihood estimates in complex data modeling. In terms of estimation, most previous studies use maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), a universal method of estimation that has been widely used in a variety of models. However, the finite sample properties of MLE make it sensitive to the quality of data. When dataset is relatively small, estimation results yielded by MLE are often not very satisfactory. To deal with such a problem, more and more researchers resort to Bayesian approaches (Xie, Zhang et al. 2009). The continuing development in computer technology has more recently facilitated methods such as Bayesian inference. Bayesian inference has a number of advantages. The Bayes method provides confidence intervals on parameters and P-value on hypotheses which are more in line with interpretations. It provides a way of formalizing the
Synthesis and structural studies of dimolybdenum(V), palladium(II) and dicopper(I) complexes that contain mixed pyridyl- iso -propylphosphine ligands

Abstract The reaction of Mo2(μ-O2CCH3)4 with 2-pyridyl(diisopropylphosphino)methane (NP) affords the dimolybdenum(V) complex Mo2(μ-O)2O2Cl2(η2-NP)2 (1). Complexes of the related 2-pyridylbis(diisopropylphosphino)methane ligand (NP2) have been isolated, namely, a mixed bromo/chloro complex of composition PdBr1.09Cl0.91(η2-NP2) (2) and the dicopper(I) complex [Cu2(μ-η3-NP2)2](BF4)2 (3). The structures of 1, 2 and 3 have been established by X-ray crystallography.
Low Power Collision-Tolerant Media Access Control with On-Off Accumulative Transmission

In this paper, a cross-layer collision-tolerant (CT) media access control (MAC) scheme is proposed to achieve reliable low power communications for one-hop asynchronous wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Unlike conventional MAC schemes that discard and retransmit signals colliding at a receiver, the CT-MAC extracts the salient information from the colliding signals by leveraging on the signal processing capability in the physical layer with a new on-off accumulative transmission (OOAT) scheme. Nodes employing OOAT delivers information to a base station (BS) through asynchronous duty-cycled transmission (on-off transmission) of multiple identical sub-symbols (accumulative transmission). The on-off transmission reduces collision probability at the BS, and the accumulative transmission in the time-domain enables the simultaneous detection of colliding signals in the spatial-domain. An optimum maximum likelihood sequence estimation detector with time-varying trellis structure is employed by the BS to perform detection over the colliding signals.
Using Infrared-Triggered Cameras to Monitor Activity of Forest Carnivores

Abstract The activity patterns of 4 forest predator species were monitored, using infrared-triggered cameras, within a 1318-ha study area in East Texas. We recorded 161 photographic capture events in 1925 trap-nights over 17 weeks. Photographic capture events included 18 Lynx rufus (Bobcat), 109 Procyon lotor (Raccoon), 21 Didelphis virginiana (Virginia Opossum), and 13 Canis latrans (Coyote). We developed an easily replicated method of measuring time on a percent scale to compare activity data over several months, accounting for changes in sunrise and sunset times. Bobcat activity was 38.9% crepuscular and 22.1% diurnal. The activity of the other 3 species was mostly nocturnal: Raccoon 94.5%, Virginia Opossum 100%, and Coyote 77%. Moon phase based on percentage of visible light did not affect either Raccoon or Virginia Opossum nocturnal activity level.
Primary intra-aneurysmal surgical repair of a celiomesenteric trunk aneurysm

We describe the surgical management of an asymptomatic 3-cm saccular aneurysm originating from a celiomesenteric trunk in a 45-year-old man. Surgical management was influenced by the location of the aneurysm, involving hepatic, splenic, and superior mesenteric arterial branches, by the young age of the patient, which made use of a synthetic graft less ideal, and by the lack of endovascular options.
Conserving avian richness through structure retention in managed forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA

Abstract Structure retention is a practice used in managed forests to assist the conservation of biological diversity, whereby green trees, dead trees (i.e. snags), and downed wood are retained during timber harvest. This activity is recognized as beneficial. However, there is little scientific support to guide the management prescriptions (e.g. patch sizes, distribution pattern). We quantified the short-term response of birds to structure retention in timber harvest areas located in the Pacific Northwest. We used a hierarchical community model to examine how attributes of retention sites (number of trees and snags, distance to forest edge) were associated with the species richness of birds using the sites. The modeling framework integrated multiple species-specific occupancy models that accounted for imperfect detection to produce estimates of species richness. We sampled a biogeoclimatic gradient by selecting harvest units within four separate regions (two in Washington, one each in Oregon and California) that support different forest types. Observations were conducted at a random selection of retention sites (e.g. patches, individual trees) within harvest units to record bird use during the breeding seasons of 2008 and 2009. Estimated occupancy and detection probabilities differed by species and region. Retained tree count was associated with an increased occupancy probability for all observed species. The community response to tree count was consistent across all study regions and years – species richness estimates increased with tree count and approximated a species–area curve. Snag count and edge distance did not significantly affect occupancy probability for any observed species, and therefore, had no relationship with species richness. These results suggest that the diversity of birds using structure retention in harvest units can be maximized at patches of >10–15 rotation-age trees. Forest managers are encouraged to group green-trees around high-quality snags and other unique wildlife trees where possible, and to vary prescriptions across stands to provide habitat heterogeneity at the landscape scale.
THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ISOLATED FETAL ECHOGENIC BOWEL

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of aneuploidy, cystic fibrosis (CF), and intrauterine infection with toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in second-trimester fetuses with the sonographic finding of isolated echogenic bowel. STUDY DESIGN: All cases of echogenic bowel diagnosed in our ultrasound unit from 1993-1999 were reviewed. Only cases in which echogenicity was as bright as bone were included. Cases with associated fetal anomalies diagnosed with ultrasound were excluded. Echogenicity was classified as focal or multifocal. RESULTS: Echogenic bowel was diagnosed in 250 patients during the study period. The study is limited to the 180 patients who were receiving prenatal care at our hospital. To date, follow-up has been obtained on 104 patients with isolated fetal echogenic bowel. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 18.6 ± 2.1 weeks (range 14-24 weeks) and the mean maternal age was 32.1 ± 5.9 years (range 15-47 years). CF mutations were identified in 6 of 79 (7.6%) mothers and 5 of 58 (8.6%) fathers who were tested. Follow-up is available for 5 of 8 pregnancies in which at least one parent was found to carry a CF mutation. Three fetuses were affected with CF and one was found to be a carrier. Parents of affected fetuses were not known carriers prior to the diagnosis of echogenic bowel. Fetal karyotype was obtained in 87 cases and autosomal trisomy was diagnosed in 3 (3.4%). One fetus was infected with CMV demonstrated by maternal serology and inclusion bodies characteristic of CMV infection in the autopsy specimen. In all cases of CF and aneuploidy, echogenicity was multifocal; in the case of CMV, echogenicity was focal. CONCLUSION: Serious conditions were diagnosed in 7 out of 104 patients with isolated echogenic bowel: cystic fibrosis 3, autosomal trisomy 3, and CMV infection 1. There was a multifocal pattern of echogenicity in CF affected and trisomic fetuses.
Enhancement of acetycholinesterase synthesis by glycyl-L-glutamine: an example of a small peptide that regulates differential transcription?

Abstract Glycyl-l glutamine has been shown to maintain the acetylcholinesterase content of the preganglionically denervated superior cervical ganglion of the cat. It acts at a stage prior to the aggregation of the monomeric G 1 form of the enzyme to higher polymers . George Koelle proposes that it may do so by regulating the transcription of DNA to mRNA, in a manner analogous to that of triiodothyronine. Other small peptides may function similarly .
Gap junctional channels regulate acid secretion in the mammalian gastric gland.

Gap junction channels are regarded as a primary pathway for intercellular message transfer, including calcium wave propagation. Our study identified two gap junctional proteins, connexin26 and connexin32, in rat gastric glands by RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. We demonstrated a potential physiological role of the gap junctional channels in the acid secretory process using the calcium indicator fluo-3, and microinjection of Lucifer Yellow. Application of gastrin (10−7 m) to the basolateral membrane resulted in the induction of uniphasic calcium signals in adjacent parietal cells. In addition, single parietal cell microinjections in intact glands with the cell-impermeant dye Lucifer Yellow resulted in a transfer of dye from the injected cell to the adjacent parietal cell following gastrin stimulation, demonstrating gastrin-induced cell-to-cell communication. Both calcium wave propagation and Lucifer Yellow transfer were blocked by the gap junction inhibitor 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid. Our studies demonstrate that functional gap junction channels in gastric glands provide an effective means for rapid cell-to-cell communication and allow for the rapid onset of acid secretion.
QUANTIFICATIONAL DOMAINS AND RECURSIVE CONTEXTS

The implicit delimiting or narrowing of the domain of quantification, e.g., in the case of "unselective quantifiers" such as the adverbs of quantification always, usually, mostly, etc., is a heavily context-dependent phenomenon that has much in common with anaphora, presupposition projection, the dynamics of reference time, reference location, etc., and other of the context-dependent phenomena discussed in Partee (1979). While many nonlinguistic factors clearly play a role in such phenomena, there are interesting issues at the inter-section of discourse processing and sentence grammar, since in addition to context as constructed at the discourse level, there are subsentential "local contexts" which have limited lifespans and are constrained by aspects of sentence grammar, both syntactic and semantic.
Evaluating Shape Correspondence for Statistical Shape Analysis: A Benchmark Study

This paper introduces a new benchmark study to evaluate the performance of landmark-based shape correspondence used for statistical shape analysis. Different from previous shape-correspondence evaluation methods, the proposed benchmark first generates a large set of synthetic shape instances by randomly sampling a given statistical shape model that defines a ground-truth shape space. We then run a test shape-correspondence algorithm on these synthetic shape instances to identify a set of corresponded landmarks. According to the identified corresponded landmarks, we construct a new statistical shape model, which defines a new shape space. We finally compare this new shape space against the ground-truth shape space to determine the performance of the test shape-correspondence algorithm. In this paper, we introduce three new performance measures that are landmark independent to quantify the difference between the ground-truth and the newly derived shape spaces. By introducing a ground-truth shape space that is defined by a statistical shape model and three new landmark-independent performance measures, we believe the proposed benchmark allows for a more objective evaluation of shape correspondence than previous methods. In this paper, we focus on developing the proposed benchmark for 2D shape correspondence. However it can be easily extended to 3D cases.
COMPARISON OF SPECTROMETRIC AND AUTOPHOTOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR DETERMINING DNA CONCENTRATIONS

Earlier studies from this laboratory demonstrated that a lumigenic detection method could utilize liquid scintillation counters for quantitation of DNA. Advantages included: 1) elimination of the need for radioactive probes, 2) rapid localization of spots by exposure of X-ray film and 3) longer shelf life of probe DNA. A major disadvantage of cutting spots from the membrane for luminometric assay is the destruction (or consumption) of the membrane; another disadvantage is the length of time spent handling the membrane while trying to cut out individual spots. When transmittance was compared with counts per minute for target CAT DNA, both methods gave statistically significant differences between 10 and 100 picograms of target DNA but less than 10 picograms were not significantly distinguished by either method. The digitized x-ray films read by image analysis allowed reliable determination of target DNA concentrations and leaves the original membrane intact to serve as a permanent record of experiments.
Monte-carlo techniques for falsification of temporal properties of non-linear hybrid systems

We present a Monte-Carlo optimization technique for finding inputs to a system that falsify a given Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) property. Our approach performs a random walk over the space of inputs guided by a robustness metric defined by the MTL property. Robustness can be used to guide our search for a falsifying trajectory by exploring trajectories with smaller robustness values. We show that the notion of robustness can be generalized to consider hybrid system trajectories. The resulting testing framework can be applied to non-linear hybrid systems with external inputs. We show through numerous experiments on complex systems that using our framework can help automatically falsify properties with more consistency as compared to other means such as uniform sampling.
Safe surgical technique: reconstruction of the sternoclavicular joint for posttraumatic arthritis after posterior sternoclavicular dislocation

Posttraumatic sternoclavicular arthritis related to chronic ligamentous instability after posterior sternoclavicular dislocation represents a rare but challenging problem. The current article in the Journal’s “Safe Surgical Technique” series describes a successful salvage procedure by partial resection of the medial clavicle and ligamentous reconstruction of the sternoclavicular joint with a figure-of-eight semitendinosus allograft interposition arthroplasty.
Pope Paul III and the American Indians

When Alexander VI promulgated the bull Inter caetera on May 4, 1493 granting Spain a large part of the new world, there seems to have been no doubt that the natives who dwelt in the ‘very remote islands and mainlands’ would be willing and able to accept the teachings of the Catholic church. For Alexander had been informed that in those far off lands werevery many peoples living in peace and, as reported, going unclothed, and not eating flesh. Moreover, … these very peoples … believe in one God the Creator in heaven, and seem sufficiently disposed to embrace the Catholic faith and be trained in good morals. And it is hoped that, were they instructed, the name of the Savior, our Lord Jesus Christ, would easily be introduced into the said countries and islands.These optimistic predictions were not fulfilled and, as the Spanish conquest of the Americas proceeded to reveal the existence of millions of natives, the action of the papacy in the conversion and protection of these masses of Indians became an important matter, for as that studious seventeenth century jurist, Antonio de Leon Pinelo, declared:Inasmuch as the Indies were conceded to the kings of Castile principally in order to favor and convert the Indians, no harm must come of this concession.
Interactive Effects of the COMT Gene and Training on Individual Differences in Supervisory Control of Unmanned Vehicles

Objective:We examined whether a gene known to influence dopamine availability in the prefrontal cortex is associated with individual differences in learning a supervisory control task.Background:Methods are needed for selection and training of human operators who can effectively supervise multiple unmanned vehicles (UVs). Compared to the valine (Val) allele, the methionine (Met) allele of the COMT gene has been linked to superior executive function, but it is not known whether it is associated with training-related effects in multi-UV supervisory control performance.Method:Ninety-nine healthy adults were genotyped for the COMT Val158Met single nucleotide polymorphism (rs4680) and divided into Met/Met, Val/Met, and Val/Val groups. Participants supervised six UVs in an air defense mission requiring them to attack incoming enemy aircraft and protect a no-fly zone from intruders in conditions of low and high task load (numbers of enemy aircraft). Training effects were examined across four blocks of trials in ...
Development of a Damage Function Model for Pratylenchus penetrans on Corn

The lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans is a common pest of corn in the north-central United States. There are relatively few studies documenting the impact of Pratylenchus spp. on grain yield even though they are recognized as pests of corn and the target of commercial seed treatments. We adapted a component error modeling approach to develop a damage function for P. penetrans that included the influence of year and site in the yield loss relationship. Field data from six site-years was used to derive panel data consisting of all pairwise comparisons of the difference in nematode population densities and the associated proportional yield difference. Fourteen regression models of the relationship between proportional yield loss and the difference in nematode density were developed from soil and root assays at different corn growth stages. Seven models were significant: four models based on nematode population densities in soil (initial and final samples) and three based on nematode densities in seminal roots (corn growth stages V1 to V2 and V6) and adventitious roots (corn growth stage R1 to R2). The model we consider to be the most important, that based on the initial soil assay, estimated the yield loss caused by each nematode to be 0.0142%. The grand mean of the 118 plots we sampled implied a yield loss of 3.79%. The random effects of year and field did not contribute significantly to any of the models but were close to significance for some, suggesting a benefit from larger data sets. Experimental error was the largest component of the variance for all of the models; therefore, the damage function is more useful for demonstrating impact of P. penetrans rather than for accurately predicting yield loss at the field level. All of the fields in our study were an irrigated loamy sand soil, with grain yields above the county average; therefore, it is possible that our damage function is conservative. The value of soil sampling has been questioned for P. penetrans and this study shows it to be equal to if not better than root assays for predicting yield.
The Politics of LGBT Rights in Latin America and the Caribbean: Research Agendas

LGBT rights have expanded unevenly across Latin America and the Caribbean. Recent scholarship has been able to explain some of the reasons for this unevenness. But new and old questions remain unaddressed. This article suggests areas for further research. Resumen: Los derechos LGBT en la politica de America Latina y el Caribe: Agendas para la investigacion Los derechos LGBT han proliferado en America Latina y el Caribe de modo disparejo. Varios estudios academicos recientes han logrado explicar las razones de dicho crecimiento disparejo. Sin embargo, existen todavia preguntas sin responder al igual que nuevas preguntas por contestar. Este articulo sugiere algunas areas que ameritan mas investigacion.
Sedimentation-induced detachment of magnetite nanoparticles from microalgal flocs

The objective of this study is to develop a simple, one-step approach to separate adsorbed Fe3O4 nanoparticles from microalgal flocs for further downstream processing. Using the wild-type strain of fresh-water algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, effective removal of nanoparticles from microalgal flocs by both centrifugal sedimentation (at 1500 or 2000g) and magnetic sedimentation (at 1500 Oe) is demonstrated. At the physiological pH of the solution (i.e., pH 7.0), where the electrostatic force between the nanoparticles and the microalgal cells is strongly attractive, larger separation force was achieved by simply increasing the density and viscosity of the solution to 1.065g/mL and 1.244cP, respectively. The method described here offers significant opportunity for purifying microalgal biomass after nanoparticle-flocculation-based harvesting and decreasing the cost of microalgal biotechnology. This may also find avenues in other applications that apply flocculation, such as algal biofilm formation in photobioreactors and wastewater treatment.
Bureaucratic Corruption in Southeast Asia: A Comparative Analysis of the ASEAN 5

This paper compares the present state of bureaucratic corruption in the five original member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia. In order to understand the varying levels of bureaucratic corruption that exist across these countries, the author rejects explanatory variables often used in cross-national studies (such as level of wealth, democratic experience and colonial history). Instead, the paper uses a principal-agent framework to understand the incentives faced by individual bureaucrats in each country. A distinction is made between ex ante measures (such as recruitment policies and wage incentive) and ex post measures (such as monitoring and punishment).
ccmGDB: a database for cancer cell metabolism genes

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that rewiring of metabolism in cells is an important hallmark of cancer. The percentage of patients killed by metabolic disorder has been estimated to be 30% of the advanced-stage cancer patients. Thus, a systematic annotation of cancer cell metabolism genes is imperative. Here, we present ccmGDB (Cancer Cell Metabolism Gene DataBase), a comprehensive annotation database for cell metabolism genes in cancer, available at http://bioinfo.mc.vanderbilt.edu/ccmGDB. We assembled, curated, and integrated genetic, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, biological network and functional information for over 2000 cell metabolism genes in more than 30 cancer types. In total, we integrated over 260 000 somatic alterations including non-synonymous mutations, copy number variants and structural variants. We also integrated RNA-Seq data in various primary tumors, gene expression microarray data in over 1000 cancer cell lines and protein expression data. Furthermore, we constructed cancer or tissue type-specific, gene co-expression based protein interaction networks and drug-target interaction networks. Using these systematic annotations, the ccmGDB portal site provides 6 categories: gene summary, phenotypic information, somatic mutations, gene and protein expression, gene co-expression network and drug pharmacological information with a user-friendly interface for browsing and searching. ccmGDB is developed and maintained as a useful resource for the cancer research community.
Mouse Immunoglobulin Genes

During the past few years, rapid progress has been made in characterizing the genes encoding immunoglobulin molecules. Major aspects of the organization and rearrangements of immunoglobulin genes in antibody-producing (B) cells are now known. Almost all work in this field has used inbred strains of mice, particularly BALB/c, although very recent studies have yielded similar results for human immunoglobulin genes. As with much of eukaryotic molecular biology, the study of immunoglobulin genes has depended heavily on what may now be regarded as classical techniques of recombinant DNA, or genetic engineering.
In-Situ Neutron Diffraction Studies of Mixed Conducting Sr-Fe-Co-O Materials

SrFeCo 0.5 O y has been identified as a potential dense ceramic membrane material used for gas separation at elevated temperatures. Neutrons play an important role in the study of such materials, particularly due to the favorable scattering lengths of Fe, Co and O. In-situ neutron diffraction experiments allow these materials to be studied under a wide range of temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. Results indicate very complex behavior of individual phases during synthesis and under operational membrane conditions.
Local spectral unmixing for target detection

Remotely sensed hyperspectral imagery provides, at each pixel, a radiance spectrum with up to hundreds of distinct wavelength channels. This high-dimensional spectral information allows for pixel-level material discrimination, including applications to remotely detecting the presence of particular materials of interest within a scene. Target detection takes a spectrum (or multiple spectra) corresponding to the target material, typically laboratory-measured, field-measured, or image-derived, and uses a detection algorithm to assign a target-likelihood score to each pixel in the image. Here, we explore the tradeoff between spatial accuracy and detection accuracy by presenting the CITRUS algorithm (Cueing Image Target Regions by Unmixing Spectra), which performs target detection on local patches, or tiles. Instead of assigning a detection score to each pixel, we assign a detection score to each tile, indicating the likelihood of the target being contained within that local region; the assumption is that detecting target-containing regions will have lower false alarm rates than when detecting target-containing pixels. Through local spectral unmixing in each tile, we identify the corresponding endmembers using the MaxD algorithm. We hypothesize that for tiles containing the target material in either full-pixel or sub-pixel abundances, the target spectrum will be within - or close to, in a Euclidean sense - the simplex described by those endmembers. The resulting detection map highlights the tiles with low target-to-simplex distances, and serves as a visual cueing tool for an analyst. The ultimate application here is target-region detection in broad-area spectral imagery. The methodology is detailed in this paper, and results are shown on a ground-truthed hyperspectral dataset.
Smart Grid Technology Applied in the Intelligent Community

The intelligent community is characteristic of advanced,economical,open and friendly features of the smart power technology,and enables users to have the real-time interaction with the power utilities. According to the technical requirements stipulated in the"Guideline for Building the Smart Power Supply Community", giving full consideration to the needs for the technical pilot testing,prospective exploration, window display and industry docking,this paper proposes a design of the intelligent community. Detailed analysis of the application of Intelligent Community in terms of information collection,distribution automation,distributed power operation control,smart electricity service interaction,smart home,unified display platform is also presented.
Junit Design Pattern Analysis and Application

Junit is a Java based unit test framework, it is an open source project. This paper analyses the source codes of the Junit based on the Junit application in the commercial project, and finds out how it uses the design pattern. Some application scenarios of Junit are also discussed in the paper.
Are hospitals prematurely divesting their employed physician groups

This article reviews the original strategic decisions for hospitals developing employed physician groups and assesses whether the strategic reasons are still valid. It then discusses the factors that have the greatest impact on the profitability of these groups. A number of hospitals have found that the original strategic reasons for employing physicians still apply, and they have taken a multifaceted approach, developing expense, reimbursement and other key strategies to improve profitability and preserve their initial objectives.
Seeking Help for Depression: Applying the Health Belief Model to Illness Narratives

Many individuals with depression experience difficulty seeking help. To better understand the help-seeking process, we analyzed narratives produced during interviews with individuals who sought tre...
The Demise and Revival of Motivation Research: Recent Lessons from Europe

In this paper it is maintained, first, that motivation research is an essential component of consumer behavior research and that in order to understand and predict consumer behavior, we must explore the subconscious. Second, a general behavior model is presented in this paper which proposes that individual motives are related to the subconscious. Finally, eight relatively new and little known motivation research techniques are presented briefly. These techniques are widely used in Europe and need to be publicized more widely in the United States.
Erotica and Semiotica: What’s Love Got to Do with Edusemiotics?

There is a tendency to reduce erotica to sexual desire or lust according to the conventional perception of Eros. By liberating Eros from mere eroticism, the relation between erotica and semiotica is revealed. As the generator-of-desire, Eros seduces us to engage in a learning process awakening a sense of wholeness. This process has remarkable features of reciprocity and infinity, where love manifests in the desire to create a microcosmic whole and to seek its expansion into an evolving macrocosmic whole. Drawing on Bataille’s eroticism, Baudrillard’s seduction, Gebser’s aperspectival consciousness, and Peirce’s evolutionary love, a case for the role of love in edusemiotics as an integrative conceptual framework is proposed. The chapter revisits the relation between erotica, beauty, imagination, design, and intentionality. Teaching and learning the love of wholeness is the raison d’etre of edusemiotics.
Aging attacks for key extraction on permutation-based obfuscation

Permutation-based obfuscation has been exploited to protect hardware against cloning, overproduction, and reverse engineering with a secret key. In order to prevent key extraction from memory, this key is usually stored in volatile memory. Since the key is erased after the system loses power, this scheme is often considered the best way to prevent a key from being stolen since many attacks would require power. However, in this paper, we propose a new attack where the key is determined by exploring path aging within the permutation network used for obfuscation. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results are provided. A practical procedure to achieve the proposed attack is also discussed in the context of an attacker's capabilities and knowledge. We also present an adjustment scheme to improve the accuracy of the attack. Various aging durations, process variations and measurement conditions are considered in our simulations. The experimental results show the accuracy of identifying the key is as high as 92.4% and more than enough to reduce the number of brute force combinations required by an attacker.
Identifying Broken Plurals, Irregular Gender, and Rationality in Arabic Text

Arabic morphology is complex, partly because of its richness, and partly because of common irregular word forms, such as broken plurals (which resemble singular nouns), and nouns with irregular gender (feminine nouns that look masculine and vice versa). In addition, Arabic morpho-syntactic agreement interacts with the lexical semantic feature of rationality, which has no morphological realization. In this paper, we present a series of experiments on the automatic prediction of the latent linguistic features of functional gender and number, and rationality in Arabic. We compare two techniques, using simple maximum likelihood (MLE) with back-off and a support vector machine based sequence tagger (Yamcha). We study a number of orthographic, morphological and syntactic learning features. Our results show that the MLE technique is preferred for words seen in the training data, while the Yam-cha technique is optimal for unseen words, which are our real target. Furthermore, we show that for unseen words, morphological features help beyond orthographic features and that syntactic features help even more. A combination of the two techniques improves overall performance even further.
Comet: Tales from the Long Tail: Two Years In and 10,000 Users Later

The Comet petascale supercomputer was put into production as an XSEDE resource in early 2015 with the goal of serving a much larger user community than HPC systems of similar size. The Comet project set an audacious goal of reaching over 10,000 users in its four years of planned operation. That goal was achieved in less than two years, due in large part to the adoption of policies that favor smaller allocations and science gateways. Here we describe our experiences in operating and supporting Comet, highlight some of the important science that it has enabled, and provide some practical lessons that we have learned by operating a system designed for the long tail of science.
TED toolkit: a comprehensive approach for convenient transcriptomic profiling as a clinically-oriented application

In translational medicine, the technology of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) continues to prove powerful, and transforming the RNA-seq data into biological insights has become increasingly imperative. We present the Transcriptomics profiler for Easy Discovery (TED) toolkit, a comprehensive approach to processing and analyzing RNA-seq data. TED is divided into three major modules: data quality control, transcriptome data analysis, and data discovery, with eleven pipelines in total. These pipelines perform the preliminary steps from assessing and correcting the quality of the RNA-seq data, to the simultaneous analysis of five transcriptomic features (differentially expressed coding, non-coding, novel isoform genes, gene fusions, alternative splicing events, genetic variants of somatic and germline mutations) and ultimately translating the RNA-seq analysis findings into actionable, clinically-relevant reports. TED was evaluated using previously published prostate cancer transcriptome data where we observed previously studied outcomes, and also created a knowledge database of highly-integrated, biologically relevant reports demonstrating that it is well-positioned for clinical applications. TED is implemented on an instance of the Galaxy platform (Galaxy page: http://galaxy.hunter.cuny.edu/u/bioitcore/p/transcriptomics-profiler-for-easy-discovery-ted-toolkit , Documentation Manual: http://ted.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html ) as intuitive and reproducible pipelines providing a manageable strategy for conducting substantial transcriptome analysis in a routine and sustainable fashion for bioinformatics researchers and clinicians alike.
In Situ Optical Imaging of the Growth of Conjugated Polymer Aggregates.

Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to conjugated polymer aggregate formation and growth may yield enhanced control of aggregate morphology and functional properties on the mesoscopic scale. In situ optical imaging of the growth of MEH-PPV aggregates in real time in controlled swollen films shows that growth occurs through multiple mechanisms and is more complex than previously described. Direct evidence is provided for both Ostwald ripening and aggregate coalescence as operative modes of aggregate growth in solvent swollen films. These growth mechanisms have a distinct and strong impact on the evolution of morphological order of growing aggregates: while Ostwald ripening allows preservation of highly ordered morphology, aggregate coalescence occurs with no preferential orientation, leading to attenuation in degree of ordering.
Oral-aboral axis specification in the sea urchin embryo. I. Axis entrainment by respiratory asymmetry.

Abstract In embryos of indirectly developing echinoids, the secondary (oral–aboral) larval axis is established after fertilization by an as yet undiscovered process. One of the earliest manifestations of this axis is an asymmetry in mitochondrial respiration, with the prospective oral side of the embryo exhibiting a higher rate of respiration than the prospective aboral side. We show here that respiratory asymmetry can be experimentally induced within embryos by immobilizing them in tight clusters of four (“rosettes”). Within such clusters a redox gradient is established from the inside to the outside of the rosette. Vital staining of clustered embryos demonstrates that the side of the embryo facing the outside of the rosette (i.e., the most oxidizing) tends to become the oral side, while the side facing the inside tends to become the aboral side. Effective entrainment of the oral–aboral axis requires that the embryos remain immobilized in rosettes until the hatching blastula stage. To begin to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect we made use of P3A2, a transcriptional regulatory protein whose activity is spatially modulated along the oral–aboral axis. When synthetic mRNA encoding P3A2 fused to the VP16 activation domain is injected into eggs, it activates embryonic expression of a green fluorescent protein reporter gene containing a basal promoter and a single strong P3A2 target site. In embryo rosettes, such activation occurs predominantly on the outside of the rosette, suggesting that the activity of the P3A2 protein is spatially regulated by the respiratory asymmetry established by clustering the embryos. These findings are discussed with reference to earlier work on both oral–aboral axis specification and P3A2 and used to develop a testable model of the mechanism of oral–aboral axis specification in the sea urchin embryo.
Foot pressure analysis using the emed ® in typically developing children and adolescents: A summary of current techniques and typically developing cohort data for comparison with pathology.

Foot pressure analysis is a valuable tool that can be used to quantify foot function in children. For researchers and clinicians who use foot pressure analysis, data from a typically developing population is used for comparison with subjects that have musculoskeletal conditions. However, differences between foot pressure data collection technology, data collection procedures and post-processing techniques make comparisons between devices, as well as direct comparisons of pediatric foot pressure data, difficult. When comparing data from multiple studies it is imperative that the studies utilize the same data collection and processing techniques, otherwise the data should not be directly compared. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of typically developing foot pressure data, explore factors that affect foot pressure data collection and provide suggestions for the standardization of foot pressure data collection and post processing. The results of this review demonstrate that the minimum data collection and processing recommendations for foot pressure data collection and post-processing are: using a midgait or two-step approach, allowing subjects to walk at their self-selected speed, collecting a minimum of three trials per foot, identifying at minimum medial and lateral hindfoot, forefoot, midfoot, the hallux and toes, and that parameters be reported in standard units.
Hippocampal Sequences and the Cognitive Map

Ensemble activity in the hippocampus is often arranged in temporal sequences of spiking. Early theoretical and experimental work strongly suggested that hippocampal sequences functioned as a neural mechanism for memory consolidation, and recent experiments suggest a causal link between sequences during sleep and mnemonic processing. However, in addition to sleep, the hippocampus expresses sequences during active behavior and moments of waking rest; recent data suggest that sequences outside of sleep might fulfill functions other than memory consolidation. These findings suggest a model in which sequence function varies depending on the neurophysiological and behavioral context in which they occur. In this chapter, we argue that hippocampal sequences are well suited to play roles in the formation, augmentation, and maintenance of a cognitive map. Specifically, we consider three postulated cognitive map functions (memory, construction of representations, and planning) and review data implicating hippocampal sequences in these processes. We conclude with a discussion of unanswered questions related to sequences and cognitive map function and highlight directions for future research.
The Problem of Ore Versus Waste Discrimination for Individual Blocks : The Lognormal Model

The statistical consequences of ore-waste discrimination of individual blocks in a selective mining operation are examined. Average ore grade, tonnage, recovery, and a measure of profitability are graphed as functions of the cutoff-grade and the shape of the grade distributions. Grade distributions for blocks are simulated starting with various correlated fields of lognor-mally distributed sample grades. The resulting block distributions turned out to be also approximately lognormal so that the statistical results could be conveniently summarized as functions of the coefficient of variation for blocks of different size.
STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTIVE ANTIHERPES VIRUS AGENTS BASED ON THE UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF VIRAL INDUCED ENZYMES—THYMIDINE KINASE, DNase AND DNA POLYMERASE

Publisher Summary There are five major types of herpes virus known capable of inducing human diseases. Herpes viruses have been associated with many diseases, but there are no specific anti-herpes agents currently used in the clinic that lack toxicity to patients. To develop these agents and to know how to use these agents effectively, more of the biochemistry of herpes virus infected and uninfected cells are needed. It should be recognized that each type of herpes virus has their own unique set of biochemical parameters; however, they share some common entities that could be utilized for the development of antiherpes agents with wider spectrum. Herpes simplex virus resistant to thymidine analogs and that resistant to phosphonoacetic acid have already been isolated. Therefore, for the future treatment of herpes associated diseases, specific antiherpes agents that exert their actions independently should be developed and used in combination to avoid the complications of drug resistance through the mechanism of virus mutation.
Health Impacts of Extreme Weather Events: Exploring Protective Factors with a Capitals Framework.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Extreme weather events are increasing with climate change. The physical and mental health of people served by social workers may be especially at risk from these hazards. This expl...
Lymph node yield as a predictor of overall survival following inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer

Abstract Objective To determine whether a specific lymph node yield (LNY) affects overall survival (OS) in patients with penile cancer. Materials and Methods Using the National Cancer Database, we identified 364 men diagnosed with pSCC who underwent ILND between 2004 and 2013. Men diagnosed on autopsy or at the time of death, patients with preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy, M+ and N3 disease, or with less than 3-month of follow-up were excluded. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare Overall Survival (OS). A multivariable Cox regression model was developed to assess predictors of OS. Results The median number of LN retrieved was 16 (IQR: 9-23). There was no significant difference in race, stage, grade for men with LNY ≤15 vs. >15. However, men with LNY ≤15 were significantly older than those with LNY >15 (65 vs. 59 years, p 15 (49% vs. 67%, p=0.008). Nodal density (ND) ≥12.5% was also associated with decreased 5-year OS versus ND Conclusions LNY following ILND for pSCC appears to be an independent predictor of OS. A total LNY of >15 following ILND may have a beneficial impact on OS and serve as the threshold for defining an adequate ILND.
Data-Informed Implementation

Data should be used across implementation stages to support program selection, fidelity, and accountability through model-pertinent feedback loops. In this chapter, we present examples of how data are used across implementation stages. We also review the development and use of symptom and intervention monitoring systems. The right data provide an incredibly useful means to assess client needs or behaviors of concern and to track client outcomes during service delivery. Well-organized implementation planning processes use data to provide accountability within an organization as well as between the organization, the community, and funding sources.
Presynaptic Expression of LRIT3 Transsynaptically Organizes the Postsynaptic Glutamate Signaling Complex Containing TRPM1

Throughout the CNS, interactions between pre- and postsynaptic adhesion molecules establish normal synaptic structure and function. Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain-containing proteins are a large family that has a diversity of ligands, and their absence can cause disease. At the first retinal synapse, the absence of LRIT3 expression leads to the disassembly of the postsynaptic glutamate signaling complex (signalplex) expressed on depolarizing bipolar cell (DBC) dendrites. The prevalent view is that assembly of the signalplex results from direct postsynaptic protein:protein interactions. In contrast, we demonstrate that LRIT3 is expressed presynaptically, in rod photoreceptors (rods), and when we restore LRIT3 expression in Lrit3-/- rods, we restore expression of the postsynaptic glutamate signalplex and rod-driven vision. Our results demonstrate that, in the retina, the LRR-containing protein LRIT3 acts as a transsynaptic organizer of the postsynaptic complex required for normal synaptic function.