cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of the Treponema denticola fliQ region

A Treponema denticola 4.2 kb DNA region containing four complete genes (orf1, fliQ, fliR, and flhB) and a truncated gene (flhA1) was sequenced and analyzed. The deduced amino acid sequences of FliQ, FliR, FlhB and FlhA' have significant homology with bacterial proteins associated with the flagellar export apparatus, whereas the deduced amino acid sequence of Orfl has homology with an E. coli alcohol dehydrogenase. A putative α70-like promoter was identified upstream of fliQ. RT-PCR analysis indicated that fliQ, fliR, flhB and flhA1 are co-transcribed independently of orfl, suggesting that the motility-associated genes are components of an operon. The location of the T. denticola fliQ-flhA1 genes differs from that of the corresponding T. pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi genes which are present in the large fla or flgB flagellar operons, respectively.
Updated AGU GeoCalendar Launched

The AGU Geophysical Year Calendar, a longtime column in Eos that lists upcoming events of importance to the geoscience community, received an update with the recent refresh of AGU's website, http://www.agu.org. Now called the AGU GeoCalendar, it features improved search screens and the ability to print results (See AGU GeoCalendar, page 475).
Apoplexy in non functioning pituitary adenoma after one dose of leuprolide as treatment for prostate cancer.

We report the case of a 60 year old male who complained of headache and blurry vision—that progressed to left ophthalmoplegia and ptosis—after receiving a dose of leuprolide for Prostate cancer therapy. Imaging showed a hemorrhagic sellar mass. The patient underwent transsphenoidal debulking, and the tissue obtained demonstrated immunohistochemical staining for LH. A literature review revealed nine previously reported cases of pituitary apoplexy after GnRH agonist therapy for prostate cancer. In most cases, the sellar tissues stained for LH, consistent with a gonadotropinoma. The pathophysiology of these events is unclear, but recent animal models suggest possible explanations. The predominance of gonadotropinomas is important because they do not usually present with hypersecretory symptoms. Particular attention to clinical findings suggestive of a non functioning pituitary tumor in patients receiving GnRH agonist therapy is critical as routine screening with MRI is not practical.
Modification of the Hypoxic Fraction of a Xenografted Human Colon Tumor by Differentiation-Inducing Agents,

Xenografted tumors were produced in nude mice by injection of HCT-15 human colon tumor cells. The hypoxic fractions of control tumors as determined from x-ray survival curves were approximately 18%. Other tumors were treated (every day X 9) with daily injections of N-methylformamide (150 mg/kg) or sodium butyrate (2,000 mg/kg). For both agents, it was found that the hypoxic fractions were less than 0.05% and less than 1.7%, respectively. These data indicate that selected differentiation-inducing agents could be of value for treatment of human solid tumors that contain hypoxic cells.
Conjecture about a hurricane system in the Jovian atmosphere

Kuiper (1972) had suggested that the Great Red Spot (GRS) of Jupiter is a giant hurricane. We present further arguments in support of this idea and propose that it may also apply to the smaller vortices such as the white and brown ovals (barges). Our estimates indicate that the spin-down time-constants for these Jovian vortices are significantly shorter than the observed lifetimes. Thus, the motions must be sustained through the continued release of internal energy. In analogy with the CISK mechanism for the terrestrial hurricane, transport of water vapor, which is observed on Jupiter, may provide the latent energy to fuel the motions. The energy the planet emits must be transported upwards; therefore its troposphere should be convectively unstable. In such an atmosphere, the proposed solar driven meridional circulation is multicellular, of the Ferrel-Thomson type. If the energy transport from the planetary interior is accelerated by the upward motions in the circulation, eastward zonal jets develop such as observed in the equatorial region. But if the upward flow of energy is impeded by the prevailing downward motions in the meridional circulation (which occur, for example, near 20‡ latitude), we propose that the convective instability is amplified. The conditions then are more favorable for the development of hurricanes which may appear in the form of the GRS and the white and brown ovals. The GRS with its large size and long life time (indicating that it is very deep) is unique, and we suggest that it may have been induced by meteor impact.
Fostering Interdependent versus Independent Living in Youth Aging Out of Care through Healthy Relationships

Although the child welfare system has historically provided “independent living” services, youth aging out of foster care are at increased risk of negative outcomes such as poverty, substance abuse, and homelessness. This manuscript builds upon the recent shift to “interdependent living” approaches by describing skills for various stages of relationships, including the youth's relationship with their caseworker and foster family, centering around the need to define clear expectations and model healthy relationship skills. Youth must recognize their risk patterns and need for professional support, and develop educational/vocational goals for mentoring. Future relationships often include reconnecting with birth families and dating/romantic relationships, requiring an exploration of physical and emotional safety and establishment of healthy patterns for life-long relationships.
Tests and Standards to Evaluate the Fire Safety of Electrical Insulating Fluids

Fire safety was an important consideration in first choosing the askarels for use as dielectric liquids, and flammability remains an important issue in selecting replacements for the PCBs. Features of available bench tests are reviewed. The needs for insulation system tests, for determination of required nonflammability levels, and for standardization of flammability tests are pointed out.
Paternal investment of urates in cockroaches

During copulation, the male German cockroach [Blattella germanica (L.)] deposits a spermatophore in the female's genital pouch and voids stored urates from his accessory glands (uricose glands) on to the spermatophore1. About 24 h after mating, the female expels the empty spermatophore with adhering urates. Although uricose glands have been reported in the Blattaria2,3, and are proposed to act in excretion4,5, then role in reproduction is unclear. Roth2 has suggested that urates may serve to protect the spermatophore from premature consumption by the female or other insects. However, we have noted the disappearance of spermatophoresurates from cages containing mated pah's of cockroaches and have investigated the possibility that these materials have nutritional value. We observed that spermatophores and urates disappeared between 7 and 18 d after females were mated while on a dog food diet; spermatophores were consumed within 4 d by females starved for 3 d after eclosion. Furthermore, we now report that labelled uric acid assimilated by males before, and voided at, mating can be recovered in mated females and their ootheca.
Safety and antigenicity of influenza A/Hong Kong/68-ts-1 [E] (H3N2) vaccine in young seronegative children

Influenza A/Hong Kong/68-ts-1 [E] (H3N2) vaccine was administered intranasally to 18 seronegative children 14 to 32 months of age. Fourteen children, 78%, shed influenza A/Hong Kong virus for a mean of eight days following vaccination. Sixteen children, 89%, experienced a fourfold or greater rise in hemagglutination-inhibition antibody. Some children appeared to experience a febrile reaction to the vaccine although interpretation of this data was complicated by intercurrent illness. These findings demonstrate that influenza A ts-1 [E] replicates more readily in the young seronegative child than in the HAI negative adult. In addition, the temperature-sensitive marker of the vaccine was not genetically stable in four of the vaccinated children. Careful evaluation of any future live respiratory viral vaccines needs to be undertaken in the young seronegative child before the vaccine's safety is fully established.
Dipole orientational order at liquid/vapor surfaces.

We present ellipsometric observations of the orientational order ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$ of highly polar molecules at the noncritical liquid/vapor surface of critical $\mathrm{\text{polar}}+\mathrm{\text{nonpolar}}$ mixtures. The dipoles, which are repelled from the interface via interactions with their image dipoles, are preferentially oriented with their axes parallel to the surface and possess an orientational order which is well described by ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{-}{t}^{2\ensuremath{\beta}}{D}_{+}(z/\ensuremath{\xi})$, where $t=|T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c}|/{T}_{c}$ is the reduced temperature, $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.328$ is a critical exponent, and ${D}_{+}$ is a universal function of the dimensionless depth $z/\ensuremath{\xi}$ with surface correlation length $\ensuremath{\xi}$.
Hyper-elliptic orbits

A survey of classes of elliptical orbits outside the usual ones due to the attractive direct power and inverse square force laws reveals some extremely interesting orbits with surprising dynamical characteristics. Particular elliptical orbits of interest in celestial mechanics are discussed.
Theory of hydrogen bonding in supercritical fluids

The degree of hydrogen bonding and macroscopic thermodynamic properties for pure and mixed fluids are predicted with the hydrogen bonding lattive fluid (LFHB) equation of state over a wide range in density encompassing the gas, liquid and supercritical states. In this paper, a fundamental description of pressure and temperature effects on hydrogen bonding is presented for a well-defined case, the formation of a complex between a donor and acceptor in an inert solvent, where no self-association is present. The partial molar enthalpy and volume change on complexation both become pronounced near the critical point, where the density is highly variable with temperature and pressure.
Expression of synthetic suppressor tRNA genes under the control of a synthetic promoter

A synthetic promoter derived from the Escherichia coli lipoprotein promoter sequence was used to express synthetic suppressor tRNA genes in E. coli. These constructs, cloned into a plasmid of the pEMBL family, gave very high yields of suppressor tRNA in vivo.
Program energy efficiency: The impact of language, compiler and implementation choices

Today reducing the energy usage of computing systems becomes a paramount task, no matter they are lightweight mobile devices, complex cloud computing platforms or large-scale supercomputers. Many existing studies in green computing focus on making the hardware more energy efficient. This is understandable because software running on low-power hardware will automatically consume less energy. Little work has been done to explore how software developers can play a more proactive role in saving energy by writing greener code. In fact, very few programmers consider energy-efficiency when writing code and even fewer know how to evaluate and improve the energy-efficiency of their code. In this paper, we quantitatively study the impact of languages (C/C++/Java/Python), compiler optimization (GNU C/C++ compiler with O1, O2, and O3 flags) and implementation choices (e.g. using malloc instead of new to create dynamic arrays and using vector vs. array for Quicksort) on the energy-efficiency of three well-known programs: Fast Fourier Transform, Linked List Insertion/Deletion and Quicksort. Our experiments show that by carefully selecting an appropriate language, optimization flag and data structure, significant energy can be conserved for solving the same problem with identical input size.
Effects on bone of surgical menopause and estrogen therapy with or without progesterone replacement in cynomolgus monkeys

Abstract The influence of estrogen replacement therapy on bone loss of surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques was evaluated histomorphometrically using the first (L-1) lumbar vertebra and ex vivo dual photon absorptiometry of the third (L-3) lumbar vertebra. The animals were a subgroup of a larger study on the effects of estrogen replacement therapy on diet-induced coronary artery atherosclerosis. The three experimental conditions were as follows: untreated females with oophorectomy, females with oophorectomy treated with continuous estrogen replacement therapy plus cyclic progesterone, and females with oophorectomy treated with estrogen replacement therapy. Bone mineral density (grams per square centimeter) of L-3, when covaried for body mass index (body mass index, body weight/(trunk length/100) 2 ), was significantly lower for the oophorectomy group compared with the group treated by estrogen replacement therapy plus progesterone and estrogen replacement therapy groups ( p = 0.018). When covaried for body mass index, trabecular bone volume percentage of a midsagittal section of L-1 was not significantly different between groups, but the adjusted mean was greatest in the estrogen replacement therapy plus progesterone group, followed closely by the estrogen replacement therapy group, and was least in the oophorectomy group. When covaried for body mass index, trabecular plate number was significantly lower ( p = 0.022) and mean trabecular plate separation was significantly higher ( p = 0.033) in the oophorectomy group. Thus both estrogen replacement therapy and estrogen replacement therapy plus progesterone provided overall protection against surgical menopause-associated bone mass loss. Cynomolgus macaques are an extremely useful animal model for estrogen replacement therapy use in prevention of postmenopausal bone loss.
Strain and age differences in acoustic startle responses and effects of nicotine in rats

Two experiments examined the effects of age, genetic strain, and nicotine on acoustic startle response (ASR) amplitude and prepulse inhibition (PPI) in rats. ASR amplitude measures reactivity to external stimulation, and PPI is used as an index of sensory gating related to attention. Both ASR amplitude and PPI have been previously reported to be increased by nicotine in adult rats. Experiment 1 examined effects of chronically administered nicotine and saline on ASR and PPI in Wistar, Long-Evans, and Sprague-Dawley rats (40 days of age). Experiment 2 examined the effects of chronically administered nicotine and saline in Sprague-Dawley rats of two age groups: 40 and 70 days of age at the beginning of the study. ASR amplitude differed significantly across strains with the values for Wistar > Sprague-Dawley > Long-Evans, and there were no differences in percent of PPI among the three strains. In addition, results of Experiment 2 indicated that older rats had significantly greater ASR amplitudes and PPI than younger rats. Consistent with previous reports, nicotine increased ASR and PPI in the older rats; however, there were no significant differences in the younger rats. Therefore, age and genetic strain are important variables in the analysis of nicotine's effects on startle behaviors in rats.
Low thermal budget processing of organic dielectrics

Low dielectric constant organic materials are ideal for use as interconnect dielectrics for integrated circuits (ICs) to reduce power dissipation, crosstalk and RC delays. For high performance and reliability of ICs, reduced thermal and intrinsic stress is highly desirable. Low thermal budget rapid isothermal processing (RIP) can provide materials with lower stress. In this paper, we demonstrate the role of photoeffects in the curing of polyimide films using a rapid isothermal processor as a source of optical and thermal energy. The availability of large a number of ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet photons on the film surface allowed a lower curing temperature and also resulted in the lowest leakage current and film stress. We demonstrate a direct one-to-one correlation between electrical, mechanical, and structural properties of the organic dielectrics.
Rheumatoid factor as a potentiator of anti-citrullinated protein antibody-mediated inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective The co-occurrence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positivity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well described. However, the mechanisms underlying the potential interaction between these 2 distinct autoantibodies have not been well defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic and molecular interaction of ACPAs and RF and its association with both disease activity and measures of RA-associated inflammation. Methods In a cohort of 1,488 US veterans with RA, measures of disease activity and serum levels of cytokines and multiplex ACPAs were compared between the following groups of patients: double-negative (anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide [anti-CCP]−/RF−), anti-CCP+/RF−, anti-CCP−/RF+, or double-positive (anti-CCP+/RF+). Additional studies were performed using an in vitro immune complex (IC) stimulation assay in which macrophages were incubated with ACPA ICs in the presence or absence of monoclonal IgM-RF, and tumor necrosis factor α production measured as a readout of macrophage activation. Results Compared with the double-negative subgroup (as well as each single-positive subgroup), the double-positive subgroup exhibited higher disease activity as well as higher levels of C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokines (all P < 0.001). In vitro stimulation of macrophages by ACPA ICs increased cytokine production, and the addition of monoclonal IgM-RF significantly increased macrophage tumor necrosis factor α production (P = 0.003 versus ACPA ICs alone). Conclusion The combined presence of ACPAs and IgM-RF mediates increased proinflammatory cytokine production in vitro and is associated with increased systemic inflammation and disease activity in RA. Our data suggest that IgM-RF enhances the capacity of ACPA ICs to stimulate macrophage cytokine production, thereby providing a mechanistic link by which RF enhances the pathogenicity of ACPA ICs in RA.
Metabolic syndrome and inflammatory biomarkers: a community-based cross-sectional study at the Framingham Heart Study

Prior studies reported conflicting findings on the association between metabolic syndrome and inflammatory biomarkers. We tested the cross-sectional associations between metabolic syndrome and nine inflammatory markers. We measured C-reactive protein, CD40 ligand, interleukin-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, osteoprotegerin, P-selectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 in 2570 Framingham Offspring Study participants free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease at examination 7. Metabolic syndrome was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. We performed multivariable linear regressions for each biomarker with metabolic syndrome as the exposure adjusting for age, sex, smoking, aspirin use, and hormone replacement. We subsequently added to the models components of the metabolic syndrome as continuous traits plus lipid lowering and hypertension treatments. We considered P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Metabolic syndrome was present in 984 (38%) participants and was statistically significantly associated with each biomarker (all P < 0.02) except osteoprotegerin. After adjusting for its component variables, the metabolic syndrome was associated only with P-selectin (1.06 fold higher in metabolic syndrome, 95% CI 1.02, 1.10, p = 0.005). Metabolic syndrome was associated with multiple inflammatory biomarkers. However, adjusting for each of its components eliminated the association with most inflammatory markers, except P-selectin. Our results suggest that the relation between metabolic syndrome and inflammation is largely accounted for by its components.
Ac-ac dual active bridge converter for solid state transformer

This work investigates the application of an ac-ac dual active bridge converter for solid state transformer. The proposed converter topology consists of two active H-bridges and one high frequency transformer. Four-quadrant switch cells are used to ensure bi-directional power flow. The advantages of direct ac-ac conversion include fewer power conversion stages and minimized passive components. The ac-ac dual active bridge converter is controlled with phase shift modulation. Operating modes for both power flow directions are described and zero-voltage switching criteria are analyzed. One design example is presented. Simulation results verify the theoretical analysis.
Power and instrument strength requirements for Mendelian randomization studies using multiple genetic variants

Background Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies assess the causality of an exposure–disease association using genetic determinants [i.e. instrumental variables (IVs)] of the exposure. Power and IV strength requirements for MR studies using multiple genetic variants have not been explored. Methods We simulated cohort data sets consisting of a normally distributed disease trait, a normally distributed exposure, which affects this trait and a biallelic genetic variant that affects the exposure. We estimated power to detect an effect of exposure on disease for varying allele frequencies, effect sizes and samples sizes (using two-stage least squares regression on 10 000 data sets—Stage 1 is a regression of exposure on the variant. Stage 2 is a regression of disease on the fitted exposure). Similar analyses were conducted using multiple genetic variants (5, 10, 20) as independent or combined IVs. We assessed IV strength using the first-stage F statistic. Results Simulations of realistic scenarios indicate that MR studies will require large (n > 1000), often very large (n > 10 000), sample sizes. In many cases, so-called ‘weak IV’ problems arise when using multiple variants as independent IVs (even with as few as five), resulting in biased effect estimates. Combining genetic factors into fewer IVs results in modest power decreases, but alleviates weak IV problems. Ideal methods for combining genetic factors depend upon knowledge of the genetic architecture underlying the exposure. Conclusions The feasibility of well-powered, unbiased MR studies will depend upon the amount of variance in the exposure that can be explained by known genetic factors and the ‘strength’ of the IV set derived from these genetic factors.
Comments on Duprat and Muller's branching CORDIC paper

Duprat and Muller (IEEE trans. Computers, vo1.42. no. 2, p. 168-178, Feb. 1993) introduced the ingenious "Branching CORDIC" algorithm. It enables a fast implementation of CORDIC algorithm using signed digits and requires a constant normalization factor. This correspondence corrects some errors in the original paper.
On the Notion and Implications of Organism-Environment System

The 5 papers in this special section examine the hypothesis that organism and environment constitute a single system. Timo Jarvilehto and Barry Smith focus on the status of the hypothesis from the perspectives of experimental psychology and philosophy. Jarvilehto addresses the precursors of the hypothesis and the reasons for adopting its implied methodology. Smith addresses the epistemological and ontological issues, historical and contemporary, surrounding the core notion of an organism-relative definition of environment. David Miller and Robert Lickliter focus on the status of the hypothesis from the perspectives of development and evolution. Miller addresses the limits on understanding development when organism-environment system and its implied (transactional) methodology are ignored. Likliter addresses the successes of the “epigenetic revolution” in relation to the traditionally dominant gene-centered view as confirmation of the hypothesis. Susan Oyama focuses on the nexus of ideas that define Develo...
Pesticide alters oviposition site selection in gray treefrogs

Understanding the impacts of pesticides on non-target organisms is an important issue for conservation biology. Research into the environmental consequences of pesticides has largely focused on pesticide toxicity. We have less understanding of the nonlethal effects of pesticides, and the consequences of nonlethal effects for species and communities. For example, we know very little about whether pesticides alter habitat selection behavior. Understanding whether pesticides alter habitat selection is important because pesticide-induced shifts in habitat selection could either magnify or reduce the toxic effects of contaminants by funneling organisms into or directing them away from contaminated sites. Here we present four field experiments that examine the effect of the commercial pesticide Sevin® and its active ingredient, carbaryl, on oviposition site selection by the gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis). Our results show that uncontaminated pools consistently received 2–3 times more eggs than contaminated pools; that treefrogs appeared to respond to Sevin® directly, not indirectly via its effects on the aquatic food web, and that this preference persisted across a range of temporal and spatial scales. Both Sevin® and carbaryl per se reduced oviposition, while other volatile chemicals (e.g., our solvent control, acetone) had no effect. These findings suggest that in order to understanding the consequences of contaminants in aquatic systems we will need to consider not only toxicity, but also how contaminant effects on habitat selection alter the way organisms distribute themselves in the environment.
An integrated design environment for early stage conceptual design

Conceptual design, the preliminary phase of design in which both well-defined problem specifications and high level design solutions are developed, is becoming increasingly important as design complexity increases. In spite of the importance of this activity, few tools exist to support this phase of design. In this paper we present a systematic and flexible model of conceptual design and describe how this model has been employed to realize a prototype conceptual design process management environment, called Clio II.
Strategies for radiology reporting and communication : part 2: using visual imagery for enhanced and standardized communication.

The current communication model in medical imaging largely centers on the free text, narrative report which consists of lists of abnormal (i.e., pathologic) and normal findings, along with a summary impression. In the event that the interpreting radiologist or societal standards deem additional communication is required (e.g., emergent, clinically unexpected report findings), direct communication with the referring clinician will be instituted, with the goal of expediting clinical management. The methodology for this “direct” communication is highly variable and can include text-based communication in analog or digital formats (e.g., facsimile or e-mail alert), or verbal communication (e.g., telephone call or voice mail). In rare circumstances, face-to-face communication can take place, but this is inefficient and requires physical travel on the part of the radiologist and/or referring physician, which has been largely obviated with the advent of picture archival and communication systems (PACS) [1]. Unfortunately, in the current medical practice environment where radiologists and clinicians are generally operating in a “workload overload” capacity, these communication responsibilities are often delegated to third parties, who can include technologists, administrators, nurses, or clerical staff [2]. While the delegation of these communication responsibilities is intended to improve timeliness and operational efficiency, it can also lead to communication failure, which has been shown to be a major contributor to medical error and adverse clinical outcomes [3, 4]. Once the initial communication has taken place and been documented in the radiology report (through narrative text), it is assumed that the communicated information will be promptly and correctly acted upon. If this is not the case, however, and an adverse event results, it is often difficult to definitively identify the source and nature of the communication error. This not only places the involved parties at increased risk for medicolegal action, but also makes it difficult to create correctional interventional strategies. A broad-based solution is required which addresses existing deficiencies in data creation, display, exchange, and verification. Ideally, this strategy would be multifunctional in nature, applicable to a wide array of communication applications, and customizable to multiple stakeholder groups, including radiologists, physicians, support staff, and patients.
Approach to the design of parity-checked arithmetic circuits

Achieving fault tolerance via parity checking is attractive due to low overhead in storage and interconnect. However, nonpreservation of parity during arithmetic operations makes it necessary to strip the parity bit before, and to restore it after, such operations. This either leaves the arithmetic part unprotected or else requires complex code conversions. We show that some redundant representations, which are often used for high performance anyway, support a way of designing low-overhead, fault-tolerant arithmetic hardware circuits. An added benefit is localized fault effects due to carry-free arithmetic. Our proposed fault tolerance strategy consists of a way of converting parity-encoded input values to even-parity redundant representations, performing arithmetic with redundant operands in such a way that parity is preserved, and, finally, converting any redundant result to standard parity-encoded output.
Plant-friendly signal generation for system identification using a modified SPSA methodology

The Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) methodology and a modified SPSA version (MSPSA-K) were investigated for the generation of plant-friendly multi-sinusoidal signals. The MSPSA-K methodology principally differs from SPSA in that it perturbs the signal phase parameters in K subsets rather than simultaneously. SPSA and MSPSA-K provide a flexible, extensible computational framework to incorporate various plant-friendly performance measures into the design of an input signal for experimental design purposes in system identification. In this paper an objective function comprised of the input signal crest factor, rate of change, acceleration, and output crest factor is presented and applied to a representative case study. A detailed analysis of the tradeoffs between these various performance measures is illustrated by the choice of weighting of the objective function components. The proposed method can be applied to signals with an arbitrarily-defined spectrum (in both amplitude and frequency spacing) and is easily implemented.
Distribution and formation conditions of major and large oil fields in Volga-Ural province

Regionally, the number of large and “gigantic” accumulations of oil (>50 million tons and >100 million tons of proved economic reserve, respectively) decreases progressively with decreasing age of their Paleozoic host. The apparent exceptions, in the Lower Carboniferous, are due to migrations of the Devonian pools into the Carboniferous traps. However, large accumulations of oil may develop also in several complexes, at intersections of the Devonian domes with the Lower Carboniferous Kama-Kinel trough. – IGR Staff.
Implementation of recursive and nonrecursive digital filters using the single multiplexed ROM in the quadratic residue number system

Recursive and nonrecursive digital filters have been implemented using the proposed single-multiplexed dual-clock computational module (SDCM) in the bit-slice architecture. The amount of memory requirements has been reduced to 50% required for the quadratic-residue-number system (QRNS) or modified-QRNS filter architecture. These filter architectures are suitable for single-chip VLSI implementation of complex digital filters. Though the data rate is reduced by 50%, VLSI implementation of the filter architectures using the RNS principle is certainly possible in this approach. >
INFLUENCE OF ADRENAL PREPARATIONS ON FISH MELANOPHORES1

THERE HAS LONG been a need for a simple method for assaying adrenal cortical extracts. Santa and his associates (1) have reported that epinephrinfree adrenal cortical extracts, as well as desoxycorticosterone, cause contraction of the melanophores of the scales of the fish Cyprinus carpio. This contraction, because it was incomplete and slow, could be distinguished from that caused by epinephrin, which was complete and rapid. The specificity claimed would be an improvement over the time consuming, expensive methods now in use. Therefore, we have attempted to employ the technique on preparations which had been assayed by other methods. We failed to find in this method either a quantitative or qualitative test for adrenal cortical substances. The scales of various species of fish were tested in an effort to find one in which melanophore distribution and reaction were suitable.
Turbulence and Acoustic Characteristics of Screen Perturbed Jets

T placement of a screen across a jet flow results in a substantial noise reduction. This was first observed by Lassiter and Hubbard with further studies initiated by Callaghan and Coles and Coles and North. This study extends the previous work on the subject by attempting to relate the aeroacoustics of the perturbed jet with its turbulent structure. The investigation consisted of three phases: a) a study of various configurations to determine if the effect could be optimized, b) a detailed investigation of the acoustic signal from the best configuration, and c) measurement of the flow characteristics of perturbed and unperturbed jets to determine the mechanism of attenuation. Although this method of suppression • is impractical, a deeper understanding of the basic phenomenon could lead to effective and practical techniques of jet noise attenuation.
Effective design for a laboratory discard sterilizer.

Summary A modification of the direct air displacement system of processing laboratory discard material in an autoclave is described. The method overcomes many of the drawbacks encountered previously with existing laboratory sterilizers and yet provides an effective means of replacing air with steam in difficult laboratory discard loads. Plastic Petri dishes were used as the standard load and plastic boxes as the container. Thermocouple results indicate that the described method gives good steam penetration of the load and allows safe handling by the operator.
Chronic Allograft Nephropathy

Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) remains the Achilles heel of renal transplantation. In spite of the significant strides achieved in one-year renal allograft survival with newer immunosuppressant strategies, the fate of long-term renal allograft survival remains unchanged. The number of renal transplant recipients returning to dialysis has doubled in the past decade. This is especially important since these patients pose a significantly increased likelihood of dying while on the waiting list for retransplantation, due to increasing disparity between donor organ availability versus demand and longer waiting time secondary to heightened immunologic sensitization from their prior transplants. In this review we analyze the latest literature in detail and discuss the definition, natural history, pathophysiology, alloantigen dependent and independent factors that play a crucial role in CAN and the potential newer therapeutic targets on the horizon. This article highlights the importance of early identification and careful management of all the potential contributing factors with particular emphasis on prevention rather than cure of CAN as the core management strategy.
Numerical investigation of injection within an axisymmetric rotating detonation engine

Abstract This investigation characterizes the mixing processes and injection flow field within a rotating detonation engine. The axisymmetric baseline geometry produces poor fuel/air mixing in the immediate injection region due to reduced fuel penetration into the wide, perpendicularly flowing air stream. Injection parameters including reactant flow rate, injection area, and placement of the fuel injection are varied from the baseline geometry to assess the impact on mixing. Decreasing reactant injection areas improves fuel penetration into the cross-flowing air stream, and turbulent diffusion of the fuel is enhanced within the annulus increasing local equivalence ratio. When fuel is injected into the air slot, local equivalence ratio is enhanced due to the increasing mixing length between the recirculation region and fuel injection. Emulating nozzle integration by increasing annulus back-pressure increases local equivalence ratio in the injection region due to increased convection residence time.
MODELING THE IMPACT OF EDGE AVOIDANCE ON AVIAN NEST DENSITIES IN HABITAT FRAGMENTS

In fragmented landscapes, many species of birds are absent from, or have reduced densities in, small habitat fragments. This pattern may result, at least in part, because birds avoid placing their nests near habitat edges where nest success often is low. We sought to clarify the role played by edge avoidance in producing these patch size effects. Using a numerical approach, we modeled nest densities in patches of different sizes and shapes both for species displaying edge avoidance (i.e., ''edge-sensitive'' species) and for those not displaying this characteristic (i.e., ''edge-insensitive'' species). Edge avoidance in our model was defined as a reduced probability of nest placement occurring near a habitat edge. Our model produced the expected result that edge avoidance reduced nest densities in patches of all sizes compared to densities of edge-insensitive species. Surprisingly, however, edge avoidance did not reduce nest densities in small patches relative to large patches, and nest densities actually increased exponentially as patch size decreased for edge-insensitive species. Also unexpected was the result that nests of edge-sensitive species were found in the edge habitat at frequencies only slightly below those expected based on edge area, whereas edge-insensitive species actually had higher than expected nest densities in edge habitat. However, in our model, edge-sensitive species displayed a greater reduction in nest densities near edges when their overall patch density was reduced by half, suggesting that edge avoidance is density dependent. Finally, both types of species showed marked increases in nest densities in linear habitat patches compared to square patches. These patterns were a direct result of our settlement rule that required a female's nest location to be a minimum distance from other nests. This study suggests that knowledge of the set- tlement rules used by female birds may be a key to accurately demonstrating the existence and assessing the potential consequences of edge avoidance. Detailed observations of marked females immediately following arrival at habitat patches, as well as a comparison of nest densities, territory sizes, polygyny levels, and use of habitat off territory, would greatly help our understanding of this interesting and important phenomenon.
Herniation formation in women undergoing robotically assisted laparoscopy or laparotomy for endometrial cancer.

Objective To compare the incidence of trocar site hernia in women who underwent robotically assisted laparoscopic surgery (RBT) for endometrial cancer staging with the incidence of ventral hernia formation in patients who underwent laparotomy (LAP) for the same indication. To analyze risk factors for hernia formation in women undergoing RBT for endometrial cancer.
Learning at Conventions

Abstract Education is almost always one of the primary goals of association conventions and often a primary role of the association itself. Associations, however, tend to focus more on what should be learned rather than how it should be learned. There is very little scholarship and research that addresses how convention organizers should apply adult learning principles and learning models at conventions. Communities of practice, a relatively new adult learning model, are informal groups of people who form a community to learn to improve their practice in a common area. Communities of practice can be integrated into convention programming to better achieve the goal of educating members. Communities of practice can also create a “bridge” of community between conventions that may have the tangential effect of increasing convention attendance and possibly association membership.
Anticoagulation in Heart Failure: a Review

Heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular function inflicts a large and growing burden of morbidity and mortality in the US and across the globe. One source of this burden is stroke. While it appears that HF itself may impose some risk of stroke, it is in the presence of other risk factors, like atrial fibrillation, that the greatest risks are observed. Therapeutic anticoagulation is the mainstay of risk reduction strategies in this population. While warfarin was the only available therapy for anticoagulation for many decades, there are now four direct oral anticoagulants available. In three of these four, outcomes in the specific subgroup of patients with heart failure have been examined. In this review, we provide some pathophysiologic basis for the risk of stroke in heart failure. In addition, the available therapeutic options for stroke risk prevention in heart failure are described in detail including how these options are incorporated into relevant professional society guidelines.
Microstructure and Crystallization Behavior of Sol-Gel Prepared BaTiO3 Thin Films

Thin films of BaTiO3 were prepared by the sol-gel route using barium titanium methoxypropoxide in methoxypropanol. Sols with water of hydrolysis varying between h=0 and h=2 were spun onto (100) Si and Ge coated (100) Si substrates. XRD and analytical TEM were used to study the microstructure and crystallization behavior of these films. Polycrystalline BaTiO3 was obtained by heat treating the films at temperatures between 600 and 750°C using either conventional furnace annealing or rapid thermal annealing. Films prepared from sols having the highest water content tended to crystallize first. The BaTiO3 thin films exhibited a fine grain size on the order of 25–50 nm. No preferred orientation was observed. The effects of the hydrolysis conditions of the sol, the type of heat treatment, and the choice of substrate on the final microstructure of the films are discussed.
Cryptocurrency with a Conscience: Using Artificial Intelligence to Develop Money that Advances Human Ethical Values

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are offering new avenues for economic empowerment to individuals around the world. However, they also provide a powerful tool that facilitates criminal activities such as human trafficking and illegal weapons sales that cause great harm to individuals and communities. Cryptocurrency advocates have argued that the ethical dimensions of cryptocurrency are not qualitatively new, insofar as money has always been understood as a passive instrument that lacks ethical values and can be used for good or ill purposes. In this paper, we challenge such a presumption that money must be ‘value-neutral.’ Building on advances in artificial intelligence, cryptography, and machine ethics, we argue that it is possible to design artificially intelligent cryptocurrencies that are not ethically neutral but which autonomously regulate their own use in a way that reflects the ethical values of particular human beings – or even entire human societies. We propose a technological framework for such cryptocurrencies and then analyse the legal, ethical, and economic implications of their use. Finally, we suggest that the development of cryptocurrencies possessing ethical as well as monetary value can provide human beings with a new economic means of positively influencing the ethos and values of their societies.
Study on Planning of City Territory Ecological Green Space System in Hengyang

The traditional urban green space system planning is only for the green space system planning of the central city area, with the"The Planning of Urban Green Space System For Establishment Summary (Trial Edition)"appearing, Urban Green Space System planing become an important contant of city Green Space System planing. Using the basic principles of the city green space planning and environment protect, taking the nature culture, carrying capacity and new city spatial layout of city as the basis, we select the suitable ecological structure, formulat the city territory ecological-system with the city ecological node, ecological corridor, urban greenbelt, perfect "one node, one line, two zones" and the whole area ecological coordination, form the virtuous circle of the city territory urban and rural ecological, promot the sustainable development of the city. At the same time, according to the regional ecological sensitivity of the different levels, we can control the planning and take appropriate protective measures.
Numerical simulation of influence of water jacket of soft-contact mold on the distribution of magnetic field

The distribution of magnetic field in electromagnetic soft-contact mold with water jacket was analyzed through 3-D FEM numerical simulation method.The results show that the water jacket which is placed on top of the mold has much influence on the distribution of magnetic field according to up-open-slit mold.With downwards of initial position of slit,the influence of water jacket will decrease.The influence of water jacket will obviously with the increase of current of induction coil at the same initial position of slit.
Brain arylamidase. Purification and characterization of the soluble bovine enzyme

1. An enzyme acting on aminoacyl-β-naphthylamides has been isolated from the soluble fraction of bovine brain and purified 205-fold by means of ammonium sulphate fractionation, hydroxyapatite adsorption and DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. 2. Arylamidase requires thiol groups for retention of its activity, is heat-labile and is susceptible to freezing. p-Chloromercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide inactivate the enzyme rapidly. 3. Metal ions are not required for its activity, but stimulation by Mn2+ and Mg2+ and inactivation by Co2+ and Zn2+ are observed. 4. Optimum pH7·5 in phosphate buffer was exhibited for all substrates tested except l-leucyl-β-naphthylamide, for which optimum pH is 6·5. 5. Km values for a number of substrates have been obtained and substrate inhibition at high concentrations was demonstrated. 6. The molecular weight is approx. 70000 as determined by Sephadex-gel filtration.
When less is more: Sustainability messaging, destination type, and processing fluency

Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore consumer responses to hotel sustainability messages based on the congruence of preexisting cognitive schemas with newly presented information. Based on information processing theory, this research proposes that variations in the processing fluency of a sustainability message will interact with the cognitive perception of the hotel’s destination (NBT versus urban) to affect the perception of the message and the attitude toward the hotel. Results suggest that under conditions of low fluency, consumers are less skeptical of messages presented by hotels in NBT destinations than of similar messages presented by hotels in urban tourism destinations. Low fluency messages also generate more positive attitudes toward NBT destinations than toward urban destinations. These results suggest that the most effective sustainability messages depend not only on the presentation of the message, but also on the type of the destination.