cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, CoMFA analysis, and receptor docking of 3,5-diacyl-2, 4-dialkylpyridine derivatives as selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists.

3,5-Diacyl-2,4-dialkyl-6-phenylpyridine derivatives have been found to be selective antagonists at both human and rat A3 adenosine receptors (Li et al. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 3186−3201). In the present study, ring-constrained, fluoro, hydroxy, and other derivatives in this series have been synthesized and tested for affinity at adenosine receptors in radioligand binding assays. Ki values at recombinant human and rat A3 adenosine receptors were determined using [125I]AB-MECA (N6-(4-amino-3-iodobenzyl)-5‘-N-methylcarbamoyladenosine). Selectivity for A3 adenosine receptors was determined vs radioligand binding at rat brain A1 and A2A receptors, and structure−activity relationships at various positions of the pyridine ring (the 3- and 5-acyl substituents and the 2- and 4-alkyl substituents) were probed. At the 5-position inclusion of a β-fluoroethyl (7) or a γ-fluoropropyl ester (26) was favorable for human A3 receptor affinity, resulting in Ki values of 4.2 and 9.7 nM, respectively, while the pentafluoropro...
High Resolution DCE-MRI Vascular Characterization of Murine Sarcoma and Human Renal Cell Carcinoma for Computational Modeling

Non-uniform extravasation from blood vessels, elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), and transport by bulk fluid motion in the extracellular space have all been determined to contribute to the non-uniform tissue distribution of systemically delivered agents in solid tumors. The aforementioned factors can lead to inadequate and uneven uptake in tumor tissue which has been shown to be a major obstacle to macromolecules in clinical cancer therapy [1]. Recently developed computational tumor models have described blood flow either in a single vessel or capillary network with variations in space and time [2]. These studies do not account for heterogeneous tissue transport properties in regions of leakier vessels [3].Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Market implied future earnings and analysts’ forecasts

This study provides evidence on market implied future earnings based on the residual income valuation (RIV) framework and compares these earnings with analyst earnings forecasts for accuracy (absolute forecast error) and bias (signed forecast error). Prior research shows that current stock price reflects future earnings and that analyst forecasts are biased. Thus, how price-based imputed forecasts compare with analyst forecasts is interesting. Using different cost of capital estimates, we use the price-earnings relation and impute firms’ future annual earnings from three residual income (RI) models for up to 5 years. Relative to I/B/E/S analyst forecasts, imputed forecasts from the RI models are less or no more biased when cost of capital is low (equal to a risk-free rate or slightly higher). Analysts slightly outperform these RI models in terms of accuracy for immediate future (1 or 2) years in the forecast horizon but the opposite is true for more distant future years when cost of capital is low. A regression analysis shows that, in explaining future earnings changes, analyst forecasts relative to imputed forecasts do not impound a significant amount of earnings information embedded in current price. In additional tests, we impute future long-term earnings growth rates and find that they are more accurate and less biased than I/B/E/S analyst long-term earnings growth forecasts. Together, the results suggest that the RIV framework can be used to impute a firm’s future earnings that are high in accuracy and low in bias, especially for distant future years.
Tag placement, mark retention, survival and growth of juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus Pérez Farfante, 1969) injected with coded wire tags

We tested binary-coded wire tags (CWT) (Northwest Marine Technology, NMT) for effects of tag placement on growth, survival and mark retention in juvenile (30–90 mm in total length) white shrimp, Litopenaeus setiferus Perez Farfante,[Fish. Bull. 67 (1969) 461]. Tags were injected into shrimp at four locations: (a) base of the uropod, (b) telson, (c) coxa of the fifth leg and (d) dorso-lateral musculature of the first abdominal segment. A control group received no tag. Each of the three separate 28-day experiments included 240 shrimp distributed evenly among 24 tanks of 76 l each. Individual daily specific growth rates ranged from 0.0009 to 0.0096, equivalent to linear or absolute growth rates in total length of 0.05–0.46 mm day−1. Tag placement resulted in a significant effect on growth (test for differences in growth adjusted for initial length: ANCOVA F4,231=7.25, P 97% in others. The proportion of surviving shrimp was only marginally affected (Pearson χ4 df2=9.12, P=0.058) by tag location in the first experiment, in which groups of shrimp with tags in the first abdominal segment had the highest survival (81.2%) followed by the untagged control group (77.1%). Tag retention was unaffected by shrimp size in all experiments but differed significantly (Pearson χ3 df2, P<0.001) among tag locations in all experiments. The base of the uropod and telson had relatively poor and variable tag retention rates ranging from 35.4% to 66.7% and from 37.5% to 89.6%, respectively. The best retention (95.8–100%) was achieved in the abdominal musculature, the same tagging location that yielded the greatest survival rates (81.2–100%).
Abstract 2207: SUMOylation of EAPII/TTRAP/TDP2 modulates its function

ETS1 Associated Protein II (EAPII, also called TTRAP, TDP2) was originally identified by two-hybrid screening as a novel protein that interacts with both ETS1 and the cytoplasmic domain of CD40 receptor. EAPII may represent a novel component in signal transduction processes that regulates eukaryotic gene expression in response to extracellular signals. In support of this hypothesis, we have demonstrated that EAPII negatively modulates ETS1 transcriptional activity and attenuates synergistic transactivation by ETS1 and NFκB. However, the mechanism by which EAPII transduces signals is elusive. In this report, we provide the evidence of EAPII protein sumoylation in vivo. Sumoylation is an important posttranslational modification that involves conjugation of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to lysine residues of the targeting proteins. EAPII is sumoylated by both SUMO-1 and SUMO-2/3. Sumoylation analysis of cell fractions revealed that sumoylation by SUMO-2/3 mainly occurs in the nucleus while that by SUMO-1 in cytoplasm. Since EAPII protein possesses no SUMO consensus motif (≥KxE), we constructed a series of EAPII truncated mutations to determine the potential sumoylation site(s). Our data indicated that the noconsensus sumoylation site(s) may reside between amino acid residues 68 and 279. Interestingly, C-terminal deletion (Del 279-362) significantly increases the sumoylation, suggesting that the C-terminus might contain an inhibitory domain for EAPII sumoylation. It has been hypothesized that sumoylation may mediate extracellular signals in response to stresses, hypoxia and cytokines. Whether EAPII sumoylation interferes with its repressive activity on ETS1 transcription remains to be elucidated, and determination of the signaling pathways that may modulate EAPII sumoylation will provide a better understanding of the modulation of ETS1 functions in specific pathphysiological microenvironments. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2207. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2207
Electrophoretic differences between sympatric ecotypes.

ELECTROPHORESIS has been used extensively for characterising genetic variability within and between natural populations1,2 but has not been applied to sympatric ecotypes. In the mosquito Aedes aegypti a dark feral form predominates throughout sub-Saharan Africa, but elsewhere in the tropics and moist subtropics a paler domestic form is found. The two ecotypes occur together in Africa in areas with a dry season during which natives store water in pots inside huts3,4. The indoor ecotype breeds continually in water stored in human dwellings, and the outdoor ecotype lives in treeholes and other sites around the dwellings and breeds seasonally. Our data provide the first demonstration of electrophoretic differences between sympatric ecotypes.
Impact of methadone treatment on cardiac repolarization and conduction in opioid users.

We prospectively assessed the effect of oral methadone on the corrected QT interval (QTc) among 160 patients free of structural heart disease and measured serum methadone concentrations and simultaneous QTc intervals in a subset of 44 participants. Mean ± SD QTc increased by 12.4 ± 23 ms (p
Atrial Rhythm in Ventricular Tachycardia Occurring During Cardiac Catheterization

The atrial rhythm was studied in 38 patients during runs of tachycardia of five or more beats in sequence which occurred during cardiac catheterization and whose ventricular site of origin could be established with considerable confidence. Simultaneous esophageal and other leads were recorded. The most frequent mechanism was retrograde conduction to the atria with varying degrees of V-A (ventriculo-atrial) block which occurred in 26 of the 38 patients. Runs of ventricular tachycardia with one-to-one V-A conduction occurred in 13 patients. Runs with an independent atrial rhythm (A-V dissociation) occurred in nine patients. Varying atrial mechanisms during different runs of tachycardia occurred in 11 patients. The minimum QRS-to-retrograde P intervals in 24 of 35 patients with V-A conduction were within 0.03 sec of P-R interval. The briefest QRS-to-retrograde P interval observed was 0.09 sec. Reciprocal beats occurred in eight of 35 patients with V-A conduction.
Trial of Bivalent Influenza A Vaccine in High-Risk Infants

A vaccine trial involving 50 high-risk infants, aged six to 36 months, was performed for evaluation of the safety of a split-virus bivalent influenza A vaccine. After immunization, 18% of the infants developed a fever of greater than or equal to 100 F and 7% had fever of greater than or equal to 102 F. Other reactions to the vaccine were few. However, the reaction index of these high-risk infants to the bivalent vaccine was higher than those of older children receiving the same vaccine and normal infants receiving the monovalent vaccine. Forty-one percent of the infants responded with a titer of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody of greater than or equal to 1:20 to the A/Victoria/75 component of the bivalent vaccine, and 35% responded to the A/New Jersey/8/76 component. This result suggested that this vaccine used in two doses would be an effective vaccine for infants. The infants generally tolerated the vaccine well. Nevertheless, the rapid development of fever would be of concern in the infant whose underlying disease was marginally compensated.
Echocardiographic assessment of the adequacy of pulmonary arterial banding

Abstract Thirty-one echocardiograms of 21 patients who had pulmonary arterial banding were analyzed to assess the adequacy of surgery. In 5 patients the echocardiograms were obtained before and after banding and in 16 patients only after surgery. Right and left ventricular systolic time intervals were measured echographically. The ratios of the right ventricular preejection period to right ventricular ejection time ( RPEP RVET ) were correlated with both diastolic (r = 0.94) and systolic (r = 0.86) pulmonary arterial pressures distal to the band. The analysis of right ventricular systolic time intervals, especially the RPEP RVET ratio, clearly differentiated patients with an adequate band (distal pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure less than 15 mm Hg) from patients with an Inadequate band (distal pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure equal to or greater than 30 mm Hg). The results indicate that echocardiography is a useful noninvasive tool in evaluating the adequacy of the pulmonary arterial band and facilitates the follow-up of patients after banding.
Dark recovery of UV-irradiated phage. Ti. II. Interpretation of the survival kinetics obtained under conditions of host-cell reactivation.

UV (254 nm)-irradiated Tr phages infecting excision-repair-proficient E. coli cells undergo host-cell reactivation (HCR). Typically, the resulting survival curve is of a hetero-component type, i.e. extrapolation of the shallower curve component to zero UV dose gives ordinate values p < 1. This characteristics is accentuated if HCR is inhibited by UV irradiation of host cells prior to phage infection, or by the presence of caffeine or acriflavine. With increasing strenght of the inhibitory condition, p decreases and the slope of the steeper curve component increases, but the slope of the shallower curve component changes very little. In contrast, single-component curves are observed for Tr infecting excision-repair-deficient host cells, or for Tr undergoing photoenzymatic repair in these cells either with or without inhibition by caffeine or preirradiation of host cells. This indicates that throughout the population UV lesions are photorepaired or photorepair-inhibited independently of one another. Discussion of various possible interpretations of the hetero-component curves in the case of HCR suggests the existence of two modes of excision repair, one of them leading to a high degree of interdependence between repair events within individual phage particles. This mode of repair, which determines the slope and position of the shallower curve component, requires within an infected cell the occurrence of a “critical event”, whose probability is considerably lower than i and decreases with the strength of HCR inhibition. The other mode, leading to independent repair events, is of minor importance under our usual plating conditions, but plays a predominant role in liquid-holding recovery of the phage.
Target-oriented coverage maximization in visual sensor networks

Visual sensor networks (VSNs) are networks made up of a possibly large number of cameras that together monitor an area or targets of interest. In VSNs, camera coverage control is necessary to allow automatic tracking of targets without human intervention, allowing these systems to scale. In this paper, we consider the problem of automatic control of cameras to maximize the number of targets covered. This is an NP-hard problem, and efficient centralized and semi-centralized heuristics exist that provide near-optimal performance. However, such schemes are hard to scale with the size of the network, and thus demand for efficient distributed solutions. The existing distributed approach results in significantly less coverage, compared to the optimal. In this paper, we extend the existing approach by considering inter-dependencies among cameras and target distributions, and show that the proposed techniques significantly improve the performance of the distributed solution.
Ruling of Large Diffraction Gratings with Interferometric Control

The 14-inch MIT ruling engine, operated under interferometric servo control as previously described, now rules excellent diffraction gratings up to 8 inches in width. The more recent of the 70 test gratings produced approach in quality the best yet ruled on any engine, showing resolving powers of about 600 000 in the green, and giving crisp spectral lines with low local background even at high angles. Rowland ghost intensities appear lower than any yet reported, ranging from 1/700 to 1/800 at 74°, corresponding to 1/25 000 to 1/29 000 in the first order of a 15 000 groove/in. grating. The balls on which the blank carriage rolls were found to introduce irregularities which were finally eliminated by a rotation-control servo mechanism which permits a carriage to be moved on curved or irregular ways over distances of 10 inches or more without rotation greater than 0.01 sec of arc. Servo controls are described which reduce both periodic and cumulative errors to new low levels, and also eliminate “fanning” of grooves.A device for compensating the variations in the control fringe field which are produced by barometric pressure changes has now been made completely automatic. No failure of electronic components has yet occurred in the thousands of hours during which the engine has been operated. The continuous control of engine motion with interferometers makes feasible a new method for ruling wider gratings.
Analysis of the Herlestam and Johannesson discrete logarithm scheme inGF(2 N ) for largeN

The Herlestam and Johannesson algorithm for computing discrete logarithms inGF(2 n ) requires the precomputation of logarithms for a target set consisting of all field elements of Hamming weight less than some predetermined value. The procedure, both in precomputation and at run-time, selects elements of lowest weight from large sets of elements. These sets are not randomly chosen but their minimum weight statistics parallel those for sets of equal size chosen entirely at random. By analyzing the statistics for randomly chosen sets, we show that the target set must contain all elements up to about weightn/3–8. This is clearly impractical for even moderately large values ofn.
From New Labour to No Labour? The Industrial Relations Project of the Blair Government

This paper addresses the question of whether there is, any longer, a distinctive Left form of industrial relations. It does so through an examination of what the metamorphosis of the British Labour Party has meant for industrial relations policy, and hence the role of organized labor in the British political economy. An examination of the Blair government's record thus far suggests that it has attempted, albeit in a half-hearted way, to construct a "Third Way" in industrial relations policy through the provision of a new set of individual rights to workers, in contrast to providing a set of collective rights for trade unions. However, this strategy has been fatally compromised by the shift towards neo-liberal economic policy, which precludes a distinctive industrial relations policy, and a unitarist conception of class relations on the part of New Labour.
Progesterone may act at hypothalamus and pituitary by way of enhancement of oestrogen retention.

PROGESTERONE injection given 24 h or more before ovulation inhibits the ovulatory cycle1–5. There is evidence that progesterone can act directly on the hypothalamus6–9 to block ovulation and on the pituitary to reduce pituitary sensitivity to luteinising releasing hormone10,11. Steroid-sensitive target tissues including hypothalamus12,13 and pituitary14–16 contain a specific oestrogen retention mechanism of limited capacity. Oestrogen-regulated events can be demonstrated only in the presence of a functional retention (receptor) system for oestrogen. In contrast, no specific progesterone retention system has yet been demonstrated for hypothalamus or pituitary. Does progesterone interact with these target tissues in a novel manner? This seems unlikely since other steroids which have been studied—for example, adrenal corticoids17 and androgens18—have been found to bind to specific receptors in their target tissues. We therefore tested an alternate possibility that progesterone action on hypothalamus and pituitary might result in modification of the oestrogen receptor system. We tested 3H-oestradiol retention by hypothalamus and pituitary after in vivo treatment with progesterone (subcutaneous pellet; release rate=1.5–3 mg d−1) of various durations from hours to days. In vitro 3H-oestradiol-specific retention by oestradiol–receptor complexes transferred to the nuclear fraction of these tissues was also compared for animals receiving previous in vivo progesterone treatment compared with ovariectomised animals not receiving progesterone treatment.
Antibacterial Diterpenoids from an Undescribed Soft-Coral of the genus Xenia

Abstract Two new xenicane diterpenoids, 9-deoxyxeniolide-A (1) and 9-deoxyxeniolide-B (2), were isolated from a new species of the alcyonacean soft-coral Xenia, collected in the Philippines. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by interpretation of spectral data. The metabolites show weak antibacterial activities, with the conjugated lactone 9-deoxyxeniolide-A (1) showing the greatest potency.
Fluorescence analysis of cells using a laser light source

A quantitative microfluorometric instrument is described that employs a helium cadmium laser (442 nm) as the illumination source. The instrument consists of a double grating monochromator in front of a gallium arsenide photomultiplier that is interfaced with a desktop computer. The versatility of the instrument in making quantitative nucleic acid measurements on acridine orange and Feulgen-Schiff stained cells is demonstrated. The ploidy levels of several populations are easily determined, and the Feulgen fluorescent emissions are considerably greater than those obtained with a standard mercury lamp.
Hepatic triglyceride lipase in diabetic dogs.

Circulating triglyceride is cleared by a combination of hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Although LPL has been extensively studied in diabetes, the effect of insulinization on H-TGL activity has not been well characterized. To determine whether H-TGL activity is altered in insulin-deficient diabetes, postheparin plasma was obtained from eight beagle dogs: three normal (nondiabetic) control dogs and five pancreatectomized diabetic dogs were studied acutely in poor diabetic control (underinsulinized), and again in short-term good control (well insulinized). Plasma glucose, measured at the start of the studies, was 88 ± 10 mg100 mL (mean ± SD) in the normal control dogs, 434 ± 31 mL in pancreatectomized dogs in poor diabetic control, and 87 ± 16 in good diabetic control. Peak (five minutes) postheparin plasma H-TGL activity was increased in dogs in poor diabetic control (212 ± 43 nmol FFA/min/mL) v the normal control dogs (135 ± 21 nmol FFA/min/mL, P < 0.02). When the dogs were in good diabetic control, the peak H-TGL (202 ± 40 nmol FFA/min/mL) was also significantly increased compared with the level in normal dogs, while the sum of five and 45 minute postheparin H-TGL levels for the dogs in good diabetic control was less than when they were in poor diabetic control (P < 0.01). Thus, insulin-deficient diabetes in dogs increases H-TGL, and short-term improvement of glycemic control with insulin partially corrects this increase.
Actuarial Versus Clinical Assessments Of Dangerousness

In their book, Violent Offenders, V. L. Quinsey, G. T. Harris, M. E. Rice, and C. A. Cormier (1999) proposed the "complete replacement" of clinical assessments of dangerousness with actuarial methods, such as the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG). In this article, the author argues that (a) research to date has not demonstrated that actuarial methods of risk assessment are superior to clinical methods; (b) because most clinical determinations of dangerousness are not "predictions" of violence, as well as for other reasons, it is very difficult to meaningfully compare clinical and actuarial assessments of dangerousness; and (c) even the best researched and validated actuarial tool for assessing dangerousness to date, the VRAG, has not yet been validated in a manner that would make it appropriate for use in determining when individuals should be confined on the grounds of their dangerousness. Therefore, although clinicians who engage in risk assessments certainly should be knowledgeable about arguably relevant actuarial assessment schemes and other assessment guides (e.g., the HCR-20), it is premature, at best, to replace clinical risk assessments with actuarial assessments.
Nucleation of sulfuric acid-water and methanesulfonic acid-water solution particles: Implications for the atmospheric chemistry of organosulfur species

Binary nucleation theory is applied to the formation of aqueous sulfuric acid and aqueous methanesulfonic acid particles and the relative rates of aerosol formation in humid atmospheres are compared. An integral model is presented which describes nucleation of solution particles, aerosol growth, and condensable vapor source and depletion rates. To extend this model, the water activities of the ternary solution, sulfuric acid-methanesulfonic acid-water, are estimated, and growth of the nucleated aerosol by incorporation of both types of acid is considered. Predictions of both forms of the model are compared with the experimental results of Hatakeyama et al. [Atmospheric Environment19, 135–141 (1985)] for the photooxidation of dimethylsulfide in humid air.
The determination of structure and reactivity at the surfaces of materials used in biology: Needs and requirements for electron and ion spectroscopy for surface analysis

Abstract We discuss here the status and challenges of the use of surface chemical analysis based on electron and ion spectrometry for “biomaterials”, that class of materials and their applications where the primary surface contact of a polymer, metal, alloy, ceramic, or semiconductor, etc. is with a biological environment. Subsequent papers in this special issue highlight contrasting views on the relevance of surface science to this problem, the emergence of scanning probe microscopy and applications in areas of interest to surface scientists. The challenges of structure determination and the relationship with reactivity in these environments are outlined. Some examples are given describing areas for future growth of electron and ion spectroscopy. These are highlighted by problems in the analysis of reactive materials; where the purpose of the material is not to be “inert” to the biological milieu. Surface chemical problems of general import include (bio)-adhesion and (bio)-corrosion; thus, there are direct parallels with other areas of substantial previous work in surface science.
Effects of annealing on mixture-cast membranes of Nafion® and quaternary ammonium bromide salts

Mixture-casting Nafion® with quaternary ammonium bromides has been used to increase the mass transport of large redox species that are unable to be detected at a Nafion® modified electrode. However, the mixture-cast membranes lose selectivity against anions. In an attempt to increase selectivity, this study examined the effects of annealing the mixture-cast membranes on the mass transport, ion-exchange capacity, and selectivity of the membranes. Cyclic voltammetry, fluorescence microscopy, and ion-exchange capacity measurements were employed to examine the mass transport and selectivity of the membranes. The selectivity against anions was increased by annealing the mixture-cast membranes. Superselectivity was obtained by annealing recast, mixture-cast membranes containing tetrapropylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium salts. The recasting process allowed for the extraction of excess bromide salts from the membranes and formed membranes that were more reproducible and mechanically stable.
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms for growth hormone, prolactin, osteonectin, α crystallin, γ crystallin, fibronectin and 21‐steroid hydroxylase in cattle

Summary. Genomic DNAs from animals representing six breeds of cattle (Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Holstein, Jersey and Texas Longhorn) were screened with cloned gene probes in a search for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Eleven RFLPs were identified using seven different probes: growth hormone, prolactin, osteonectin, α A-crystallin, γ crystallin, fibronectin and 21-steroid hydroxylase. The frequencies of the alleles identified by each probe were calculated and compared in a limited sampling of the six bovine breeds. These polymorphisms greatly enhance the pool of immunogenetic, biochemical and molecular markers available in cattle for linkage analysis, testing of parentage, and distinction of breeds.
Effect of pre-stain viability on the acid-fast staining characteristics of Mycobacterium species

Five species of mycobacteria were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen, Kinyoun and Auramine-Rhodamine after either routine autoclaving, or exposure to rifabutin and ciprofloxacin. Organisms from each treatment group were stained and compared to viable controls. ATCC strains and fresh clinical isolates of all five species were evaluated. All species in both treatment protocols presented similar staining characteristics. Viability of mycobacteria, therefore, must be established by culture.
The performance feedback process: A preliminary model

Abstract Informal performance feedback from supervisors can have a significant and generally desirable impact on the performance and job-related attitudes of their subordinates. A model of the overall feedback process is outlined. The model is concerned with the factors that influence supervisors' performance feedback behavior, as well as with the effects that giving feedback can have on both the subordinate and the supervisor him/herself. Empirical evidence bearing on this model is reviewed, and several of the model's major implications are discussed.
Early changes in ornithine decarboxylase activity during Friend leukemia cell differentiation.

Abstract Agents such as dimethylsulfoxide, N , N ′-dimethylformamide and bisacetyldiaminopentane that induce erythroid differentiation of Friend leukemia cells, cause a rapid increase in ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity in intact cells during the ‘latent’ period preceding the accumulation of hemoglobin-containing cells. Blockage of erythroid differentiation with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine did not prevent these alterations in enzyme activity. Addition of each chemical inducer in the extracts of these cells stimulate the basal levels of ornithine decarboxylase activity. These data indicate that the chemical inducers of differentiation modify the normal pattern of ornithine decarboxylase activity in this system.
Mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of selected polymers

Abstract An extensive compilation has been completed on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of six commercially available polymers. These data are discussed and summarized here as a function of temperature, radiation, and frequency. A brief description and characterization of each polymer is included.
Stark effect as a probe of the lowest triplet-state orbital configuration in benzophenone and three derivatives

Abstract Stark effects on the phosphorescence origins of benzophenone and three derivatives (4,4′-dibromobenzophenone, 2-benzoylpyridine, and 3-benzoylpyridine) in a single 4,4′-dibromodiphenylether host crystal have been observed using electric field modulation spectroscopy. The magnitude of the effect for each molecule is determined by the vector difference in the dipole moments of the excited state and the ground state. These differences are found to be similar for all four molecules. This result demonstrates that the orbital configuration of the lowest triplet state is the same for each of these compounds and may indicate that the charge redistribution upon excitation is localized on the carbonyl group.
Mapping the discourse of HCI researchers with citation analysis

This paper observes the development of human-computer interaction as a research discipline from 1991 to 1993. From a citation analysis of three volumes of three journals, the field of human computer interaction is identified as emerging from a supporting base of four fields: computer science, information systems, psychology, and human factors/ ergonomics. Results of this analysis support the proposition that human-computer interaction is emerging as a distinct field of study.
The coagulation system of rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta.

Abstract 1. 1. The coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters of Macaca mulatta were measured. 2. 2. Factors II, VII, VIII and XII had significantly greater activity in this species than in human controls. 3. 3. The monkeys had lower levels of anti-plasmin than did humans.
On the cost of mining very large open source repositories

Open source bug tracking systems provide a rich information suite that is actively used by software engineering researchers to design solutions to triaging, duplicate classification and developer assignment problems. Today, open repositories often contain in excess of 100,000 reports, and in cases of RedHat and Mozilla, over a million. Obtaining and analyzing the contents of such datasets are both time and resource consuming. By summarizing the related work we demonstrate that researchers often focused on smaller subsets of the data, and seldom embrace the ``big-dataism''. With the emergence of cloud based computation systems such as Amazon EC2, one expects it to be easier to perform large scale analyses. However, our detailed time and cost analysis indicates that significant challenges still remain. Acquiring the open source data can be time intensive, and prone to being misinterpreted as Denial of Service attacks. Generating similarity scores for all prior reports, for example, is a polynomial time problem. In this paper, we present actual costs that we incurred when analyzing the complete repositories from Eclipse, Firefox and Open Office. In our approach, we relied on computing clusters to process the data in an attempt to reduce the cost of analyzing large datasets on the cloud. We present estimated costs for a researcher attempting to analyze complete datasets from Eclipse, Mozilla, Novell and RedHat using the best possible resources. In an ideal situation, with no bottlenecks, a researcher investing just over $40,000$ and 2 weeks of non stop computing time would be able to measure similarity of problem reports within all four datasets.
Complexity of hypothesis formation problems

This paper reviews some results concerning the computational complexity of the processes of mechanizing hypothesis formation in the framework of GUHA methods.
The new neurometabolic cascade of concussion

Objective: To review the underlying pathophysiologic processes of concussive brain injury and relate these neurometabolic changes to clinical sports-related issues such as injury to the developing brain, overuse injury, and repeated concussion. Data Sources: Over 100 articles from both basic science and clinical medical literature selected for relevance to concussive brain injury, postinjury pathophysiology, and recovery of function. Data Synthesis: The primary elements of the pathophysiologic cascade following concussive brain injury include abrupt neuronal depolarization, release of excitatory neurotransmitters, ionic shifts, changes in glucose metabolism, altered cerebral blood flow, and impaired axonal function. These alterations can be correlated with periods of postconcussion vulnerability and with neurobehavioral abnormalities. While the time course of these changes is well understood in experimental animal models, it is only beginning to be characterized following human concussion. Conclusions/Recommendations: Following concussion, cerebral pathophysiology can be adversely affected for days in animals and weeks in humans. Significant changes in cerebral glucose metabolism can exist even in head-injured patients with normal Glasgow Coma Scores, underscoring the need for indepth clinical assessment in an effort to uncover neurocognitive correlates of altered cerebral physiology. Improved guidelines for clinical management of concussion may be formulated as the functional significance and duration of these postinjury neurometabolic derangements are better delineated.
An elastolytic property of human amnion cells in culture

Abstract A weak elastolytic activity has been demonstrated in derived mammalian cells. Degradation of intracellular elastin fiber appears to follow sequential changes similar to those observed in vitro with pancreatic elastase. Since the enzyme elastase has been shown to be distinct and separable from other euglobulin proteinases in pancreatic extracts, the elastolytic property in cultured amnion cells may represent a discrete elastase.
Digital microfluidics-based high-throughput imaging for systems biology

This paper reports a novel integrative way of studying enzyme kinetics, one of key building blocks of systems biology, using digital microfluidics-based high-throughput imaging. EWOD (ElectroWetting-On Dielectric)-based digital microfluidics chips were successfully designed and fabricated for the experiment. Machine vision-based droplet control was demonstrated as a novel way of controlling droplet motion; it drives the droplet in the desired direction as the droplet is recognized by computer vision. A colorimetric enzyme reaction-based glucose assay kit was utilized for the enzyme kinetics study. Enzymatic reactions were initiated by merging two droplets of interest on the chip, and real-time high-throughput imaging was done for the measurement of changing color. Computer simulation based on Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics was carried out using MATLAB SimBiology, and the result was compared with that of the experiment.
The Making of Belize: Globalization in the Margins

The Making of Belize: Globalization in the Margins. Anne Sutherland. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1998. + 202 pp., index, bibliography, illustrations.
Brain Death in Infants and Children The Atlanta Experience

This chapter reports on the criteria for establishing brain death used at Henrietta Egleston Hospital for Children, Atlanta, Georgia. It also reviews the October 16, 1984, opinion of the Georgia Supreme Court in the case of In Re: L.H.R. addressing the issue of the circumstances under which life-support systems may be removed from an infant whose examination does not meet the criteria for establishing brain death.
Complex binding of the FabR repressor of bacterial unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis to its cognate promoters

Summary Two transcriptional regulators, the FadR activator and the FabR repressor, control biosynthesis of unsatur- ated fatty acids in Escherichia coli. FabR represses expression of the two genes, fabA and fabB, required for unsaturated fatty acid synthesis and has been reported to require the presence of an unsaturated thioester (of either acyl carrier protein or CoA) in order to bind the fabA and fabB promoters in vitro .W e report in vivo experiments in which unsaturated fatty acid synthesis was blocked in the absence of exog- enous unsaturated fatty acids in a DfadR strain and found that the rates of transcription of fabA and fabB were unaffected by the lack of unsaturated thioesters. To examine the discrepancy between our in vivo results and the prior in vitro results we obtained active, natively folded forms of the E. coli and Vibrio cholerae FabRs by use of an in vitro transcription- translation system. We report that FabR bound the intact promoter regions of both fabA and fabB in the absence of unsaturated acyl thioesters, but bound the two promoters differently. Native FabR bound the fabA promoter region provided that the canonical FabR binding site is extended by inclusion of flanking sequences that overlap the neighbouring FadR binding site. In contrast, although binding to the fabB operator also required a flanking sequence, a non- specific sequence could suffice. However, unsatur- ated thioesters did allow FabR binding to the minimal FabR operator sites of both promoters which other- wise were not bound. Thus unsaturated thioester ligands were not essential for FabR/target DNA inter- action, but acted to enhance binding. The gel mobility shift data plus in vivo expression data indicate that despite the remarkably similar arrangements of pro- moter elements, FadR predominately regulates fabA expression whereas FabR is the dominant regulator of fabB expression. We also report that E. coli fabR expression is not autoregulated. Complementation, qRT-PCR and fatty acid composition analyses dem- onstrated that V. cholerae FabR was a functional repressor of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. However, in contrast to E. coli, gel mobility shift assays indicated that neither E. coli nor V. cholerae FabRs bound the V. cholerae fabB promoter, although both proteins efficiently bound the V. cholerae fabA promoter. This asymmetry was shown to be due to the lack of a FabR binding site within the V. cholerae fabB promoter region.
On computer requirement reductions in linear-discrete system state estimation

A procedure is presented for reducing the on-line computing time and storage requirements when estimating the state of a class of linear-discrete systems.
Support-Vector-Based Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection Using Optimized Kernel Parameters

In this letter, a method to optimally determine the kernel bandwidth of the Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernel for support vector (SV)-based hyperspectral anomaly detection is presented. In this method, the support of a local background distribution is first nonparametrically learned by a technique called SV data description (SVDD). The SVDD optimally models an enclosing hypersphere around the local background data in a high-dimensional feature space associated with the Gaussian RBF kernel. Any test pixel that lies outside this hypersphere surrounding the local background is considered an anomaly and, hence, a possible target pixel. Considerable improvement in detection performance due to kernel parameter optimization can be seen in the simulation results when the algorithm is applied to hyperspectral images.
American Society of Plant Biologists: position statement on the education of young children about plants.

To the Editor: The American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB) embraces the plant science education of all ages, but I want to draw particular attention to our efforts on behalf of young children and their teachers. In the recent special-focus section on plant science teaching and learning, CBE—Life Sciences Education published several pieces that touch on educating young children about plants (September 2014), including a favorable review of the book My Life as Plant, by Alan M. Jones and Jane Ellis. The book was designed to provide learning opportunities for children that engage and inform. ASPB was instrumental in supporting development of the book (available for free at http://my.aspb.org/?page=My_Life_As_A_Plant). Our society leadership takes the education of children very seriously, as is illustrated by the fact that one of the authors, Alan Jones, was the 2013–2014 president of ASPB. Childhood is the time when inaccurate ideas about plants can be established, leading to adults with persistent errors in thinking about how plants live and grow. Yet children are very capable of learning about plants when given instruction and encouraged by teachers and parents to explore and study. ASPB feels such instruction is urgently needed, and we will be posting a position statement on educating young children about plants at our website. The statement is appended below for LSE readers. We invite LSE readers to visit the education link at the ASPB website (http://my.aspb.org/?page=Education), where a variety of plant education resources can be found.
Effects of Space Charge, Grain-Boundary Segregation, and Mobility Differences Between Grain Boundary and Bulk on the Conductivity of Polycrystalline Al2O3

The potential difference between grain boundary and bulk and the concentrations of native and foreign point defects in the bulk, the grain boundary (gb), and the subgrain boundary space-charge region (sg) of polycrystalline Al2O3 doped with acceptors are computed for the case that the dopants segregate at the grain boundaries, with either the ionized or the nonionized acceptor as the dominant species. Expressions are derived for the effective dc conductivity of a polycrystalline material on the basis of a model in which the grain has one or two shells with conductivities different from that of the bulk. Combination of the two results yields expressions for the effective ionic and electronic conductivity of doped A12O3 as a function of grain size with distribution coefficients gb/sg, mobility ratios in the various regions, and equilibrium constants as parameters. At impurity concentrations normally found in ceramics, the contribution by subgrain boundaries to conductivity may be neglected. The theoretical results are compared to published data for Al2O3:Mg, Fe, and Ti.
Writing empire, underwriting nation: discursive histories of Kabyle Berber oral texts

In this article, I explore how colonial, nationalist, and media interests converge around the collection of oral texts. Moving from the French colonial project of collecting native lore to the nationalist project to recover indigenous heritage to the embedding of village songs in contemporary world music, I examine how oral texts from Algeria's Kabyle Berber region have been variously configured as signs through which social differences are imagined and hierarchically ordered. I foreground the history of intertextual penetration between North African poetic productions and Western aesthetic categories, [genre, intertextuality, oral text, colonialism, world music, Algeria]
Human versus Computer Controlled Selection of Ventilator Settings: An Evaluation of Adaptive Support Ventilation and Mid-Frequency Ventilation.

Background. There are modes of mechanical ventilation that can select ventilator settings with computer controlled algorithms (targeting schemes). Two examples are adaptive support ventilation (ASV) and mid-frequency ventilation (MFV). We studied how different clinician-chosen ventilator settings are from these computer algorithms under different scenarios. Methods. A survey of critical care clinicians provided reference ventilator settings for a 70 kg paralyzed patient in five clinical/physiological scenarios. The survey-derived values for minute ventilation and minute alveolar ventilation were used as goals for ASV and MFV, respectively. A lung simulator programmed with each scenario’s respiratory system characteristics was ventilated using the clinician, ASV, and MFV settings. Results. Tidal volumes ranged from 6.1 to 8.3 mL/kg for the clinician, 6.7 to 11.9 mL/kg for ASV, and 3.5 to 9.9 mL/kg for MFV. Inspiratory pressures were lower for ASV and MFV. Clinician-selected tidal volumes were similar to the ASV settings for all scenarios except for asthma, in which the tidal volumes were larger for ASV and MFV. MFV delivered the same alveolar minute ventilation with higher end expiratory and lower end inspiratory volumes. Conclusions. There are differences and similarities among initial ventilator settings selected by humans and computers for various clinical scenarios. The ventilation outcomes are the result of the lung physiological characteristics and their interaction with the targeting scheme.
Sex differences in the generalization of fear as a function of retention intervals.

.In previous studies using male rodents, context change disrupted a fear response at a short, but not a long, retention interval. Here, we examined the effects of context changes on fear responses as a function of time in male and female rats. Males displayed context discrimination at all intervals, whereas females exhibited generalization by 5 d. Ovariectomized females with no hormone replacement displayed context discrimination at 5 d, whereas those receiving 17b-estradiol generalized their fear response to a neutral context. These results demonstrate that fear generalization for contextual cues occurs faster in female rats and is mediated, in part, by estrogens.