cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diffraction modeling of finite subband EFC probing on dark hole contrast with WFIRST-CGI shaped pupil coronagraph

Current coronagraph instrument design (CGI), as a part of a proposed NASA WFIRST (Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope) mission, allocates two subband filters per full science band in order to contain system complexity and cost. We present our detailed investigation results on the adequacy of such limited number of finite subband filters in achieving full band dark hole contrast with shaped pupil coronagraph. The study is based on diffraction propagation modeling with realistic WFIRST optics, where each subband’s complex field estimation is obtained, using Electric Field Conjugation (EFC) wavefront sensing / control algorithm, from pairwise pupil plane deformable mirror (DM) probing and image plane intensity averaging of the resulting fields of multiple (subband) wavelengths. Multiple subband choices and probing and control strategies are explored, including standard subband probing; mixed wavelength and/or weighted Jacobian matrix; subband probing with intensity subtraction; and extended subband probing with intensity subtraction. Overall, the investigation shows that the achievable contrast with limited number of finite subband EFC probing is about 2~2.5x worse than the designed post-EFC contrast for current SPC design. The result suggests that for future shaped pupil design, slightly larger over intended full bandwidth should be considered if it will be used with limited subbands for probing.
Aufbau der Kalkulation

Als direkte Aufwendungen, welche fur jedes Gusstuck genau feststellbar sind, kommen in Betracht: 1. Die reinen Materialkosten (Satzkosten), 2. die Produktivlohne der Former und Kernmacher, eventuell auch der Putzer.
Reproductive Parasitism between Distant Phyla: Molecular Identification of Snailfish (Liparidae) Egg Masses in the Gill Cavities of King Crabs (Lithodidae)

Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus deposit egg masses inside the gill cavity of lithodid crabs. Previous attempts to identify the species depositing the eggs have been inconclusive because of the difficulties in identifying snailfish eggs and larvae. For this study, samples were collected from egg masses found in crabs in the commercial fishery and during benthic trawl survey work. Egg masses were found in Lithodes aequispinus (Golden King Crab) and, for the first time, in L. couesi (Scarlet King Crab). Mitochondrial DNA from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region was amplified from embryos and sequenced. Comparison of COI sequences from eggs to COI sequences from positively identified adult voucher specimens yielded identifications of 75 egg masses to species. A total of 38 egg masses were identified as Careproctus melanurus; 29 as C. colletti; seven as C. furcellus; and one as C. simus. Each egg mass contained eggs from only one species, and there was no indication of multiple maternal parent...
Older Adults as Rhetorical Agents: A Rhetorical Critique of Metaphors for Aging in Public Health Discourse

Building on current theories of rhetorical agency, this essay analyzes two metaphors for aging found in public health information materials targeted to the elderly—aging is ageless and aging is pathology—concerning how these metaphors frame agency for older adults. The metaphors attribute limited agency to older adults by emphasizing short-term, biomedical solutions and expert knowledge and by not representing agency as situational, dynamic, and co-constructed. Exploring the limits of these metaphors both further exposes how public health discourse shapes the cultural perception of aging and offers an expanded understanding of older adults as dynamic rhetorical agents.
Economistic and Humanistic Archetypes of Management

Given the manifold problems of this world, we need ways to actively address them; better forms of organizing are required. I suggest that we need to embrace more humanistic forms of management and move away from economistic ones. This chapter provides a conceptual framework that allows us to get perspective on how to go about this transition. The framework represents a synthesis of the foundational work laid down in Chapters 1-5. It outlines a number of ideal types that provide clarity of the parameters that influence our current reality. The framework also shows the possibility of alternative forms of organizing that outline our potentiality. The framework will guide a discussion of how we can transform research, practice, pedagogy and policy in the next section of the book.
Validating a Mobile Learning Readiness Survey: Assessing Teachers' Dispositions Toward Adoption

AbstractAppraisal of the readiness of teachers to accept and use mobile devices for classroom instruction is a critical step whenever an expectation exists that the devices will be used to enhance student learning. Designing professional development requires assessment of teachers' readiness and willingness to embrace mobile learning for their students. This article features a validation study of a survey instrument for assessing the level of readiness of classroom teachers for teaching and learning with mobile devices. Through exploratory factor analysis of the Mobile Learning Readiness Survey (MLRS), four dimensions of readiness to teach with mobile devices were identified. These four factors are possibilities, benefits, preference, and external influences. Multidimensional scaling was then applied to the scales produced from items associated with the factors, in order to examine the associations among the constructs. Findings demonstrate that the constructs measured by the MLRS align with other establi...
Eosinophils are rare in biopsy specimens of psoriasis vulgaris

Background Histological features of lesional biopsies can be helpful in distinguishing psoriasis subtypes from disease mimickers. However, occasionally, classic histological features are not sufficient for distinction, and additional clues would be useful. There is a common belief that the presence of eosinophils in skin biopsies argues against psoriasis, but actual literature is scant. Design Skin biopsies with a diagnosis of psoriasis from 2013 to 2016 were reviewed. For inclusion, both histological and clinical features were required to be consistent with psoriasis. For biopsies meeting inclusion criteria, a detailed evaluation for typical histological parameters of psoriasis, as well as presence of dermal eosinophils, was performed. Results Of 85 cases meeting inclusion criteria, all had either individual or grouped intracorneal neutrophils and dilated papillary blood vessels. Diminished or complete loss of the granular cell layer was seen in 83 cases (98%), and parakeratosis was seen in 84 cases (99%). Alternatively, dermal eosinophils were seen in only 15 cases (18%). Of cases with eosinophils, none had more than 3 eosinophils upon examination of the entire dermis. Active treatment did not appear to impact presence/absence or numbers of eosinophils. Conclusion Eosinophils are uncommon in psoriasis biopsies, and when present, they are found in small numbers.
Nanoformulations for Therapeutics

In the recent decade and a half, research in the area of nanoformulation has vastly expanded, including research dedicated to discovery of novel drugs as well as the reformulation of tried and tested drugs. The utilization of nanoformulations has yielded positive results in areas that have typically been regarded as therapeutic challenges. Nanoformulations, by in large, aim to alter the pharmacokinetic properties of a medication, improving absorption, distribution, selectivity, and altering metabolism. The blood-brain barrier has largely been an obstacle in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and tumors located within the central nervous system. Several drugs have been discovered that are effective in treating these pathologies. However, reaching appropriate therapeutic concentration in the central nervous system, without excessive systemic drug concentrations and side effects, has remained a limitation to these medications’ efficacy. Nanoformulating such medications has yielded improved drug delivery and efficacy to the central nervous system despite the influences of multi-drug resistance proteins. Various methods of nanoformulation have been employed to facilitate the selective transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier including the use of focused ultrasound, magnetic targeting, macrophage loaded drug formulations, carbon nanotubules, polymer coatings, and receptor-mediated transcytosis. These formulations have resulted in the efficient delivery of drug molecules, proteins, and DNA to the relevant tissue in the central nervous system. The continued research into nanoformulations allows for the development of more selective and effective medications while possibly salvaging medications that were deemed not useful due to their sub-therapeutic properties.
When a Child Unexpectedly Draws a Violent Scene.

CASE Carter is a 12-year-old boy who has been seeing a developmental-behavioral pediatrician since the age of 7 years for problems with behavioral regulation. Around that time, he began to receive special education services after an educational assessment of autism. He has average intellectual abilities, with below-average semantic-pragmatic speech (e.g., conversations are one-sided). His medical diagnoses included attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), combined presentation, and generalized anxiety disorder. He has never met the DSM criteria for autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) because although he has atypical sensory behaviors (e.g., preoccupied with sniffing objects), he has otherwise lacked restricted, repetitive behaviors. Other medical problems include obesity.His functional impairments associated with impulsivity, inattention, and anxiety improved with combined pharmacotherapy (a long-acting stimulant and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SSRI], on which he remains) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). After starting sixth grade, his Individualized Educational Plan (IEP) was modified to address his social impairments, with a self-contained classroom without windows. Soon thereafter, he began to talk about "hating myself" and developed mild-to-moderate depression, which improved after several weeks of a higher dose of SSRI and more frequent visits with his therapist.Several weeks after starting seventh grade, the teacher sent an email to Carter's parents, which they forwarded to his developmental-behavioral pediatrician: "Carter drew a picture of himself shooting and stabbing a student he was mad at today (). He was very upset when I told him I was going to tell you. We haven't processed it through yet but I think a conversation at home about appropriate drawings and using other ways to calm down would help this not happen again."
The Impact of Education on Women's Preferences for Gender Equality: Evidence from Sierra Leone

We use data from Sierra Leone where a substantial education program provided increased access to education for primary-school age children but did not benefit children who were older.We exploit the variation in access to the program generated by date of birth and the variation in resources between various districts of the country. We find that an increase in schooling, triggered by the program, has an impact on women’s attitudes toward matters that impact women’s health and on attitudes regarding violence against women. An increase in education reduces the number of desired children by women and increases their propensity to use modern contraception and to be tested for AIDS. While education makes women more intolerant of practices that conflict with their well-being, increased education has no impact on men’s attitudes toward women’s well-being. Thus, it is unclear whether the change in attitudes would translate into behavioral changes. Consistent with this finding, education (on this margin) has no impact on women’s propensity to get married, their age at first marriage or age at first birth.
Cruelty and Afrofuturism

Afrofuturism combines science fiction and fantasy to reexamine how the future is currently imagined, and to reconstruct futures thinking with a deeper insight into the black experience, especially ...
Single-Center Long-Term Analysis of Combined Liver-Lung Transplant Outcomes.

BackgroundCombined lung-liver transplantation (LLT) applies 2 technically challenging transplants in 1 patient with severe 2-organ failure.MethodsInstitutional medical records and United Network for Organ Sharing database were queried for patients at our institution that underwent LLT from 2000 to 2
Perspectives on Language Development

The normal young child acquires a complex, multifaceted communication system in a relatively short period of time with apparent ease. The anatomical structure and physiological processes necessary for this acquisition have been subject to considerable discussion and research. What it is that the child acquires and how the child acquires it have been described, analyzed, and explained from a variety of positions. Jenkins (1969) suggests that one’s definition of language determines what it is that is described and analyzed. If language is considered to be a set of words, then language acquisition begins with the child’s production of the first word, and development is measured by the addition of more and more words. This view, which predominated for several decades, saw stages in development defined by the number of words a child understood or produced. Research emphasized counting words understood or used by representative groups of children under various conditions, for example, number of words at specified ages, mean number of words per utterance, or number of words comprehended. Language development was evaluated by counting and comparing the number and types of words used. Although many developmental charts retain this orientation, for example, norms of vocabulary levels from infancy through adulthood, the current view of language is much broader, more complex, and more encompassing.
ISAC --Instance-Specific Algorithm Configuration

We present a new method for instance-specific algorithm configuration (ISAC). It is based on the integration of the algorithm configuration system GGA and the recently proposed stochastic offline programming paradigm. ISAC is provided a solver with categorical, ordinal, and/or continuous parameters, a training benchmark set of input instances for that solver, and an algorithm that computes a feature vector that characterizes any given instance. ISAC then provides high quality parameter settings for any new input instance. Experiments on a variety of different constrained optimization and constraint satisfaction solvers show that automatic algorithm configuration vastly outperforms manual tuning. Moreover, we show that instance-specific tuning frequently leads to significant speed-ups over instance-oblivious configurations.
Viscoelasticity of Solidifying Porous Material-Concrete

The form of the age effect on linear creep and elasticity is established by treating the hydrating cement paste as a variable composite in which the volume fraction of solid grows while the material creeps under load. The formulation rests on three hypotheses: (1)The average strains in microelements solidified at various times are equal; (2)the properties of solidified matter (cement gel) are time-invariant; (3)the rate of migrations of solid particles causing creep in cement gel depends on the mean length of migration passages at the time of load application. The first hypothesis allows eliminating the microstresses from a system of two integral equations set up to relate stress and strain histories. A new form of the creep function is deduced, expressing the aging effect in terms of the growth of volume of cement gel and the increase of the migration passage length. It is shown that the double power law is obtained as a special case when the growth of gel volume is negligible, and a generalization consistent with growing gel volume is suggested and compared with creep data.
An economic cost analysis of oral ganciclovir prophylaxis for the prevention of CMV disease.

Purpose. The study conducted an economic cost analysis oforal ganciclovir prophylaxis in preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease forAIDS patients in a randomized clinical trial setting.
Ecological Theory and Its Role in the Rehabilitation of Wetlands

This chapter was written based on four basic beliefs: 1) wetlands will continue to be destroyed worldwide, 2) knowledge of functions and values of natural wetlands will continue to increase, 3) wetland rehabilitation will increase in popularity as a means of increasing wetland resources, and 4) experience from the United States can contribute to wetland rehabilitation both within the United States and elsewhere in the world.
From Industrial to Artisanal: A New Regulatory Framework for a Changing Food Landscape

The Food Safety Modernization Act, passed in early 2011, is the most significant overhaul of the Food and Drug Administration’s food-safety authority since 1938. It reorients FDA to a preventive rather than responsive stance toward food contamination. The Act, however, will fall short of its goal of ensuring the safety of the food supply, for several reasons. It will be ineffective in significantly reducing foodborne illness because it is underfunded, and provides for too many exemptions. The use of preventive controls and science-based standards may also make it difficult for regulation to evolve as quickly as pathogens. In addition, the uncertainty caused by the Act’s attempt to incorporate flexible standards for smaller producers will inhibit market entry for small producers focused on marketing their products locally. Moreover, the Food Safety Modernization Act cements the disparate regulatory spheres of authority over food systems in the United States: on the one hand, rigid federal standards, and on the other a patchwork of state and local regulations, all of it haphazardly enforced. What is needed is a system of centralized decentralization, where states have broad flexibility to establish the structure of their food-system regulation, but are comprehensively overseen by the federal government. Such a system would improve information gathering and crisis-prevention capabilities, and would also serve a rationalizing function among the various spheres of regulatory authority over food. Furthermore, federal oversight of state food-system plans would allow for localities to incorporate other aspects of food safety beyond foodborne illness in food-system design.
Androgen receptor (AR) expression in 400 breast carcinomas: is routine AR assessment justified?

Background: Triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) do not benefit from hormonal or Herceptin therapies. In search of novel therapeutic targets for TNBC, interest is escalating in a subset of these tumors that are androgen receptor (AR) positive with potential benefit from anti-androgen therapy. Against this background, the frequency of AR expression alone and in combination with other markers and morphologic features was assessed to identify TNBC subtypes for targeted therapy. Methods: 400 consecutive invasive mammary carcinomas with known estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR) and HER2 status were selected for study. The frequency of AR positivity alone or in combination with other markers was recorded with specific attention to the morphology of AR+ TNBCs. Ki67 was evaluated in selected group of cases. ASCO/CAP guidelines were used for interpretation of the various biomarkers. Results: Of the 400 tumors, 32 (8%) carcinomas were quadruple negative (ER-, PR-, AR-, Her2-), while 50 tumors (12.5%) were triple negative (ER-, PR-, Her2-); 18 (36%) of the triple negative tumors were AR positive and 10 (55%) of these were classic apocrine carcinomas. Fourteen cases, all apocrine carcinomas, were AR and Her2 positive. All 32 QN carcinomas were poorly differentiated and they had the highest Ki67 labeling index. Conclusion: The relatively high proportion of AR+ tumors (36%) among the 50 triple negative carcinomas is an important finding in support of routine assessment of AR in at least all TNBCs and apocrine carcinomas as a potential target for therapy.
THE PROCESSES AND CHALLENGES OF CONCEPTUAL CHANGE

Students engaged in learning a large body of related knowledge often possess some incorrect naive knowledge about the domain. These “misconceptions” must be removed and/or the correct conception must be built in order for students to achieve a deep understanding. This repair process is generally referred to as “conceptual change.” However, although conceptual change has been discussed for several decades within different research contexts, the literature nevertheless presents a somewhat blurry picture of what exactly misconceptions are, what constitutes conceptual change, and why conceptual change is difficult. In this chapter, we suggest that one should think of misconceptions as ontological miscategorizations of concepts. From this perspective, conceptual change can be viewed as a simple shift of a concept across lateral (as opposed to hierarchical) categories. We argue that this process is difficult if students lack awareness of when a shift is necessary and/or lack an alternative category to shift into. These ideas are explored using a detailed example (i.e. diffusion) from abroad class of science concepts (i.e. emergent processes) that are often robustly misunderstood by students.
Chapter 8 Gestures and Speech: Evidence from Aphasia

Four proposed explanations of the relationship between verbal and gestural communication are reviewed: 1) Gestures and speech are separate and unrelated communication channels for representing different types of information and serving different communication functions; 2) Gestures and speech are parts of the same psychological structure. They arise from common semantic-conceptual representations and share a computational stage in symbolic formation; 3) Gestures and speech are related by virtue of the fact that they rely on common motor systems for production; 4) Gestures are primarily manifestations of effortful or disrupted speech encoding; gestures and speech arise independently, and gestures occur specifically when speech is disrupted. Each of the proposed explanations includes predictions about the behavior of aphasic speakers. Data from studies of aphasic speakers pertaining to these predictions are described and critically assessed.
Optimal Remedial Actions in Power Systems Considering Wind Farm Grid Codes and UPFC

This paper proposes a postcontingency remedial action scheme for power grids. A corrective action algorithm (CAA) is developed to eliminate postcontingency constraint violations so that further propagation of the contingency and possible blackouts is prevented. Since corrective actions should be determined quickly, a piecewise linear approximation for the nonlinear power flow equations considering unified power flow controller and wind farm grid codes is proposed. The proposed piecewise linear approximation-based method does not ignore the effect of reactive power flows in the network unlike classical dc approximation. The simulation results on various test systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CAA.
The innovation imperative in healthcare: an interview and commentary

This two-part submission draws on Len Berry’s lead article in this Special Issue on Innovation in Healthcare. The first part includes an interview with Robert G. Riney, Chief Operating Officer and President, Healthcare Operations at Henry Ford Health System. The second part, a brief commentary, supplements this interview and points to three fertile avenues for marketing research. Specifically, it proposes (1) that more empirical research is needed on the effects that dedicated innovation units have in service organizations, (2) that the customer participation literature in marketing can benefit from expanding its current research lens, and (3) that marketing research can contribute to the discussion of how to use robots in healthcare and other service industries.
Involuntary mental rotation and visuospatial imagery from external control.

Abstract The Reflexive Imagery Task (RIT) was developed to investigate the entry into consciousness of involuntary imagery. Subjects are presented with objects and instructed to not think of the names of the objects. Involuntary subvocalizations arise on many trials. RIT effects reveal the capacities of involuntary processing. These cognitions do not require symbol manipulation. Can mental rotation and visuospatial imagery, too, arise in this involuntary manner? In the mental rotation task, subjects were first taught to mentally rotate two-dimensional objects. Subjects were then instructed to not mentally rotate objects. In the chess task, subjects were taught how to move in their minds objects in specified ways, much as one could imagine how chess pieces move on a chessboard. Subjects were then instructed to not have such visuospatial imagery. For both tasks, involuntary imagery occurred on a substantial proportion of trials, revealing that symbol manipulation can be influenced involuntarily through external control.
As aventuras secretas de ordem: globalização, educação e aprendizagem para a transformação e justiça social

Existem diversas definicoes de globalizacao ou, talvez mais precisamente, pode-se dizer que ha muitas globalizacoes. Ao discutir as quatro faces da globalizacao - globalizacao por cima, globalizacao por baixo, globalizacao dos direitos humanos e a globalizacao da guerra contra o terrorismo, - e seus impactos na educacao e na aprendizagem, este artigo propoe uma analise da globalizacao neoliberal e de como reformas baseadas em competicao afetaram a politica educacional nos Estados Unidos desde o jardim de infância ao ensino medio, e no ensino superior. Essas reformas sao caracterizadas por esforcos em se criar padroes de desempenho mensuraveis a partir de extensivos testes padronizados (o movimento por novos padroes e "accountability "); pela introducao de novos metodos de ensino e aprendizagem, que trazem a expectativa de um melhor desempenho a um baixo custo (por exemplo, a universalizacao de livros didaticos); e por melhoras na selecao e no treinamento de professores. Reformas baseadas em competicao no ensino superior tendem a adotar uma orientacao vocacional e a refletir o ponto de vista de que faculdades e universidades existem largamente para servir ao bem-estar economico de uma sociedade. A privatizacao e o esforco final principal por reforma ligado a globalizacao neoliberal e, talvez, o mais dominante. Como alternativa, o artigo proporciona introspeccoes as possibilidades de se empregar o conceito de marginalidade como um construto central para um modelo de aprendizagem para a transformacao e justica social. Ao seguir a inspiracao de Paulo Freire, defendo que a aprendizagem para a transformacao e justica social seja uma pratica social, politica e pedagogica que ocorrera quando as pessoas alcancarem um entendimento mais profundo, rico, com mais texturas e nuances de si proprias e de seu mundo.
An Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Framework for Relation Extraction.

Relation extraction models suffer from limited qualified training data. Using human annotators to label sentences is too expensive and does not scale well especially when dealing with large datasets. In this paper, we use Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Networks (AC-GANs) to generate high-quality relational sentences and to improve the performance of relation classifier in end-to-end models. In AC-GAN, the discriminator gives not only a probability distribution over the real source, but also a probability distribution over the relation labels. This helps to generate meaningful relational sentences. Experimental results show that our proposed data augmentation method significantly improves the performance of relation extraction compared to state-of-the-art methods
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of a Novel Wet Scrubber on Dust Reduction in an Underground Coal Mine

Controlling dust generation and keeping it below permissible limits to meet federal dust standards at the working face of a room-and-pillar coal mine is a challenge for a mine operator. With the recent changes in federal dust regulations requiring lower worker exposure, maintaining compliance has become increasingly difficult. The current most effective practice of dust control at a continuous miner face in an underground mine is the use of a flooded-bed scrubber. A study carried out by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) indicated that a flooded-bed scrubber could achieve cleaning efficiencies between 58 and 90%. But, the operation of such a system is maintenance intensive. The flooded-bed scrubber screen becomes clogged with dust particles and requires frequent cleaning to maintain performance. However, the dust control issue is not solely a mining industry problem. Other industries face similar issues. The University of Kentucky collaborated with Toyota Motor Manufacturing on the development of a novel wet scrubber, called the vortecone scrubber, for capturing oversprayed paint particles in automotive paint booths. The vortecone scrubber achieved a cleaning efficiency of 99% and required minimal maintenance. This study aims to assess the ability of this vortecone scrubber to capture respirable dust in an underground coal mine. The paper presents the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of this vortecone scrubber. It discusses the effects of air quantity and dust particle size on the performance of the scrubber.
No online information outbreak

Zoonotic diseases are a significant threat to human and animal health with the effects of a widespread epidemic impacting agricultural producers and consumers alike. Online information sources have the opportunity to widely distribute information, but, with a topic as complex as zoonotic disease, information sharing should be managed carefully. Risk communication and prepared responses for zoonotic disease can help communicate messages effectively. This study looked at how two federal websites, CDC and USDA, were communicating about zoonotic disease. The quantitative content analysis methodology was guided by the research objectives of 1) determine availability of information related to zoonotic disease, 2) describe the zoonotic diseases, impacts, and messages 3) determine the use of prepared responses in articles related to zoonotic disease, and 4) determine connectivity with other online resources on zoonotic disease. Results indicate information is difficult to find on both websites, and there is a lack of connectivity with other online resources. Prepared responses were used to varying degrees. Implications and recommendations from this work are that agricultural communicators and those with influence over federal communication on zoonotic disease should actively integrate prepared responses in communication and seek opportunities to connect to a larger network of those working in zoonotic disease.
The Economic Successes and Sources of Discontent in East Central Europe

By some measures, the European Union’s Eastern enlargement, and the attendant securitization of East Central Europe through membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, have brought significant economic and welfare benefits to the former Soviet satellites or republics that have joined these organizations. All of their economies are considerably larger than in 1989. Foreign investment has helped fuel significant growth in the region, and financial linkages between East and West had a stabilizing influence during and after the US financial crisis of 2008-09. But economic success in absolute terms has not prevented a sense of disappointment from settling over the region, nor has it forestalled an illiberal backlash in a number of countries, which has had economic, political, and in some cases ethno-populist dimensions. This article examines some of the main economic trajectories around growth, consumption, investment, and finance. It explains why, despite numerous positive measures, both economic and political liberalism are under intensifying scrutiny. Growing inequality within countries, as well as continuing inequality – including power disparities between East and West Europe – have fueled discontent with the terms on which many East Central European states have integrated into the EU.
Predictive coupled-cluster isomer orderings for some SinCm (m, n ≤ 12) clusters: A pragmatic comparison between DFT and complete basis limit coupled-cluster benchmarks

The accurate determination of the preferred Si12C12 isomer is important to guide experimental efforts directed towards synthesizing SiC nano-wires and related polymer structures which are anticipated to be highly efficient exciton materials for the opto-electronic devices. In order to definitively identify preferred isomeric structures for silicon carbon nano-clusters, highly accurate geometries, energies, and harmonic zero point energies have been computed using coupled-cluster theory with systematic extrapolation to the complete basis limit for set of silicon carbon clusters ranging in size from SiC3 to Si12C12. It is found that post-MBPT(2) correlation energy plays a significant role in obtaining converged relative isomer energies, suggesting that predictions using low rung density functional methods will not have adequate accuracy. Utilizing the best composite coupled-cluster energy that is still computationally feasible, entailing a 3-4 SCF and coupled-cluster theory with singles and doubles extrapolation with triple-ζ (T) correlation, the closo Si12C12 isomer is identified to be the preferred isomer in the support of previous calculations [X. F. Duan and L. W. Burggraf, J. Chem. Phys. 142, 034303 (2015)]. Additionally we have investigated more pragmatic approaches to obtaining accurate silicon carbide isomer energies, including the use of frozen natural orbital coupled-cluster theory and several rungs of standard and double-hybrid density functional theory. Frozen natural orbitals as a way to compute post-MBPT(2) correlation energy are found to be an excellent balance between efficiency and accuracy.
Antagonistic pleiotropy can promote adaptation to patchy environments.

How do gene variants with opposing effects on fitness in juvenile and adult insects perform in different ecological settings? Marden et al. (2020) used alleles of two antagonistic genes involved in metabolism and oxygen sensing in the Glanville fritillary butterfly as a model to demonstrate how these genes can antagonistically affect larval development and the adaptation of adults to different landscapes. This paper provides a case study for understanding how antagonistic pleiotropy can contribute to species adaption in patchy environments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Can GAN-Generated Network Traffic be used to Train Traffic Anomaly Classifiers?

Recent attempts to introduce the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to the computer network traffic domain have shown promise, including several frameworks which generate realistic traffic. This paper presents the ‘GAN vs Real (GvR) score’, a task-based metric which quantifies how well a traffic GAN generator informs a classifier compared to the original data. This metric is derived from the ‘Train-on-Synthetic, Test-on-Real’ (TSTR) method, with the added step of comparing the TSTR accuracy to the performance of the same classifier trained on real data and tested on real data. We use this framework to evaluate the B-WGAN-GP model for generating NetFlow traffic records using several stock classifiers. Using GvR we conclude that it is possible to train accurate traffic anomaly detectors with GAN-generated network traffic data.
Dinosaurs from the Santonian-Campanian Atlantic coastline substantiate phylogenetic signatures of vicariance in Cretaceous North America.

During the Cretaceous, diversifications and turnovers affected terrestrial vertebrates experiencing the effects of global geographical change. However, the poor fossil record from the early Late Cr...
Response to reviews

I am forever grateful to the editors and review authors for putting together such a generative and comprehensive set of reviews for Diverging Space for Deviants: The Politics of Atlanta’s Public Ho...
Lésions « à risque » et frontières

Resume Le diagnostic de lesions proliferatives benignes telles la cicatrice radiaire et le papillome, et de lesions proliferatives avec atypies ont augmente ces dernieres annees avec la multiplication du nombre de prelevements percutanes. De nombreux progres ont ete faits dans leur diagnostic histologique, leur classification et leur pathogenese. Mais il n’existe toujours pas de consensus sur leur prise en charge, en particulier chirurgicale, qui reste controversee. Il est essentiel que radiologues et pathologistes communiquent pour definir ensemble la conduite a tenir.
Chapter 19 Preparation of Mammalian Metaphase Chromosomes for Autoradiography

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the preparation of cytoplasm-free mammalian metaphase chromosomes for autoradiography. The method offers various advantages—namely, (1) several hundred to several thousand sets of chromosomes can be affixed to a single slide, (2) the chromatids are well separated and autoradiographic resolution of label between sister chromatids is excellent, (3) no cytoplasmic layer is present between the chromosomes and the autoradiographic emulsion, thereby increasing the sensitivity and resolution of the autoradiographic detection of incorporated label, and (4) autoradiographic determination of labeled RNA and protein in chromosomes is possible because of the absence of “background” radioactivity from nonchromosomal RNA and protein. The method has been used mainly with the Chinese hamster “fibroblast”-line CHEF 125. The cells are cultured in 55 mm Petri dishes, and colchicine is added to the culture several hours before isolation of chromosomes. Just before the isolation, the medium is decanted and the cells are washed once with balanced salt solution. The solution is then replaced by hypotonic saline at room temperature. An important part of these steps is the complete removal of serum proteins from the culture.
Two dimensional numerical simulations of carrier dynamics during time-resolved photoluminescence decays in two-photon microscopy measurements in semiconductors

We use two-dimensional numerical simulations to analyze high spatial resolution time-resolved spectroscopy data. This analysis is applied to two-photon excitation time-resolved photoluminescence (2PE-TRPL) but is broadly applicable to all microscopic time-resolved techniques. By solving time-dependent drift-diffusion equations, we gain insight into carrier dynamics and transport characteristics. Accurate understanding of measurement results establishes the limits and potential of the measurement and enhances its value as a characterization method. Diffusion of carriers outside of the collection volume can have a significant impact on the measured decay but can also provide an estimate of carrier mobility as well as lifetime. In addition to material parameters, the experimental conditions, such as spot size and injection level, can impact the measurement results. Although small spot size provides better resolution, it also increases the impact of diffusion on the decay; if the spot size is much smaller than the diffusion length, it impacts the entire decay. By reproducing experimental 2PE-TRPL decays, the simulations determine the bulk carrier lifetime from the data. The analysis is applied to single-crystal and heteroepitaxial CdTe, material important for solar cells, but it is also applicable to other semiconductors where carrier diffusion from the excitation volume could affect experimental measurements.
Analysis of the Phase Function and Its Saddle Points

In preparation for the asymptotic analysis of the exact Fourier–Laplace integral representation given either in (11.45) as
Social Work Field Education to Serve Vulnerable Populations

ABSTRACT This article describes the development and first four years of implementation of a social work field project focused on homelessness. Developed in a northwest city, the project was created to provide opportunities for Masters in Social Work students to work with homeless individuals and families, including women and children who have experienced domestic violence. Social work graduate students were placed in community-based agencies serving homeless individuals and families. The project coordinator acted as faculty liaison to many of the students and facilitated integrative seminars with guest presenters from the community. The benefits and challenges of field placements in agencies serving vulnerable populations and suggestions for replication are discussed.
School Bus Seat Belts

To the Editor.— The recently debated issue of whether or not to put seat belts on children riding school buses seems to be gaining momentum and attempts are being made to amass data supporting their usage on grounds of safety. My observation is that safety, although it is important, is not the most important issue today on school buses. Discipline, or lack thereof, is more of an issue. Data already exist to support the use of seat belts to improve children9s behavior, and it would seem to me that recommending seat belts on school buses for that purpose makes much better sense and would be rapidly adopted by school officials! Perhaps we need to adjust the thrust of our argument!
A DENDROGEOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SNOW AVALANCHES IN THE COLORADO FRONT RANGE, USA

Despite the growing risk of avalanche-related death and property damage associated with the burgeoning tourist industry in the Colorado Front Range, no dendro-geomorphological studies have been conducted to assess avalanche history in this region. In this study, dendrogeomorphological techniques are used to develop avalanche event chronologies and to reconstruct past slide magnitude at two sites located near Loveland Pass. At Mount Bethel, historical data compiled by the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) and the Westwide Data Network for the period between 1974 and 1996 corroborate four of eight dendrochronologically dated event years. At Grizzly Peak, four of five dendrochronologically determined event years occurring between 1981 and 1996 are supported by historical data kept by CDOT, the Westwide Data Network and the Arapaho Basin Ski Patrol. Avalanche path reconstruction and the examination of vegetative indicator species reveal periodic fluctuations in slide magnitude at both sites, sugges...
Initial Emittance Measurements of the Fermilab Linac Beam Using the MTA Beamline

The MTA beam line has been specifically designed to facilitate measurements of the Fermilab Linac beam emittance and properties utilizing a long, 10m, element-free straight. Linac beam is extracted downstream of the 400-MeV electrostatic chopper located in the Booster injection line. This chopper cannot be utilized for MTA beam, and therefore the entire Linac beam pulse is directed into the MTA beamline. Pulse length manipulation is provided by the 750-keV electrostatic chopper at the upstream end of the Linac and, using this device, beam can be delivered from 8 {\mu}sec up to the full 50 {\mu}sec Linac pulse length. The 10 m emittance measurement straight exploits and begins at the 12' shield wall that separates the MTA Experimental Hall and beamline stub from the Linac enclosure. A quadrupole triplet has been installed upstream of the shield wall in order to focus a large, 1.5-2" (~95% width) beam through the shield wall and onto a profile monitor located at the exit of the shielding. Another profile monitor has been installed upstream of the shield wall, ~5 m upstream of the central, or focal-point monitor. With the triplet, a small, 0.2-0.5" spot size was produced for the initial measurement reported here. As will be shown in this report, a small, approximate beam waist located near a center profile monitor reduces the number of unknown linear optical parameters to two Courant-Snyder parameters, {\beta} and {\epsilon}, since, {\alpha}, or the rotation of the phase ellipse can be determined by propagating the beam envelope from this waist (using the simple linear transfer matrix that describes a drift).
Improving exposure system's compatibility by changing the lamp calibration method

In semiconductor manufacturing, it is essential that the energy used to expose photoresist match as closely as possible from machine to machine to produce the same critical dimension in the resist. It is shown that the exposure energy difference from machine to machine for high-resolution exposures is reduced by calibrating all the machines with a high-resolution aperture instead of the usual low-resolution aperture. This setup procedure also minimizes the uniformity of the exposure across the wafer. Exposure energy deviations from machine to machine and uniformity across the wafer will degrade on low-resolution apertures; however, this does not cause problems on the manufacturing line because larger geometries processed on low-resolution apertures are more tolerant of energy variations. An improvement to process capability is also shown, along with a 50% reduction in exposure-related rejected at the postdevelop inspection. >
Medullary carcinoma of the colon: a case series and review of the literature.

Background Most colon cancers are adenocarcinoma of the colon, which present with a typical histological type. However, a relatively newly-recognized subtype, called medullary carcinoma of the colon, has been characterized. This type is generally divided into subtypes of poorly-differentiated and undifferentiated medullary carcinoma. Only a handful of studies have been conducted thus far, mostly focusing on immunohistochemical and clinical characteristics of the disease. Patients and methods Herein we present two cases seen at our hospital within one academic year. The first is the case of a 79-year-old African-American woman, who presented with generalized weakness and gait unsteadiness ultimately diagnosed with a Stage IIIB medullary carcinoma of the proximal colon at the time of surgery, but later found to have metastases to a single paraesophageal lymph node. The second is a case of a 79-year-old Caucasian woman, who presented with several weeks of malaise, nausea, and diarrhea leading to diagnosis of a stage IIB medullary colon carcinoma now receiving chemotherapy. Conclusion Although these tumors tend to be right-sided and therefore present at an advanced stage, distant metastasis is rare at presentation and is primarily to the liver or regional lymph nodes. Only one study has been performed regarding short-term outcomes, which failed to reach statistical significance, but trended towards better prognosis compared to poorly-differentiated and undifferentiated colonic adenocarcinomas.
Is the SEC Guilty of Insider Trading

This article reviews the literature on insider trading by SEC employees and discusses ethical issues. It also provides links to more than 20 insider trading articles. Recent research has indicated that some employees of the Securities and Exchange Commission might have engaged in insider trading. They are in a unique position to do so, since they have access to nonpublic information, and know that an investigation of a particular company is about to be launched. This information, if made public, could have an effect on the company’s stock price.