cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Sickness and in Health: Marital Status and Adult Health

There is a well-established connection between marriage and various measures of health. Rising rates of obesity among both adults and children in the U.S. have prompted a close look at the determinants of obesity. At the same time, marriage rates have fallen, particularly among low-income adults. In this paper, we aim to identify systematic and predictable changes in the Body Mass Index (BMI) that are associated with changes in union status. We examine five different union possibilities: Never and not Cohabiting, Never Married and Cohabiting, Married, Divorced and Not Cohabiting, and Divorced Cohabiting. Our work is prompted by policy objectives aimed encouraging marriage. Using longitudinal U.S. data and fixed effects models to net out time invariant individual heterogeneity, we examine three hypotheses: the Marriage Selection Hypothesis which states that healthy people are selected into marriage and unhealthy selected out, the Marriage Protection Hypothesis which states that married people are healthier because their spouse will take care of them when ill and discourage risky behavior and the Marriage Stability Hypothesis which states that married people are less healthy as they are no longer in the marriage market and reduce their investment in physical fitness or that married people have additional obligations that may keep them from investing in their health. Our results indicate BMI increases for both men and women during marriage. This finding is consistent with the stability hypothesis and may be a result of family responsibility over personal health or of personal complacency. For each year a woman is married there is significant weight loss, which may be an indication of the marriage protection hypothesis. We find similarities between marriage and cohabitation in that weight gain also occurs in cohabiting relationship for women but it increases with the duration of the relationship. Union dissolution has the opposite effect. Our results suggest a significant weight loss for men. This loss is largest in the year of divorce but the weight is regained over time. We also estimated our models separately by education status and by race, and find some significant differences.
Comparison of Thermal Stress Calculation: Hopkins and Hamming’s Algorithm and Laplace Transformation Approach

AbstractLow-temperature cracking is a severe distress for asphalt pavement built in cold regions. When a steep drop in temperature is experienced, thermal stress develops in the different pavement layers and, as a critical temperature value is reached, cracking occurs. Hence, thermal stress represents a relevant parameter for predicting the low-temperature performance of asphalt pavements. Conventionally, thermal stress is calculated by converting the experimental results of creep compliance to a relaxation modulus and then by numerically solving the convolution integral. Hopkins and Hamming’s algorithm is commonly used for this purpose in many research efforts. In this paper, the use of Laplace transformation is evaluated as an alternative approach since, by using this method, thermal stress and critical temperature can be directly and easily derived without relying on a traditional two-step computation process. The results obtained from Hopkins and Hamming’s solution and from the Laplace transformation ...
Membrane Stress in the Human Labyrinth and Meniere Disease: A Model Analysis.

Introduction The nature and extent of membrane damage encountered in Meniere disease remains unexplained. Pressure-induced membrane stress may underlie the characteristic hydropic distention. Analysis of stress in the several vestibular chambers may offer insight into the nature and progression of Meniere disease. Objective Membrane stress levels will be assessed by constructing a specific model of the human membranous labyrinth through the application of human dimensions to an existing generic model of the mammalian labyrinth. Methods Nominal dimensions for a model of the human membranous labyrinth were obtained from fixed human tissue. Stress proclivities were calculated and normalized based on shell theory applied to the various geometric figures comprising the model. Results Normalized peak stress levels were projected to be highest in the saccule (38.8), followed by the utricle (5.4), then ampulla (2.4), and lowest in the canal system (1.0). These results reflect macrostructural variations in membrane shape, size, and thickness among the several chambers of the labyrinth. These decreasing stress proclivities parallel the decreasing frequency of histologic lesions found in documented cases of Meniere disease. Conclusions This model analysis of a human membranous labyrinth indicates that substantial disparities in stress exist among the several vestibular chambers due to macrostructural membrane configuration. Low stress levels in the canals are the result of thick highly curved membranes, and the high levels computed for the saccule reflect its thin and relatively flat membranes. These findings suggest that chamber configuration may be a factor controlling the progression of endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere disease.
Proton-Induced Reactivity of NO– from a {CoNO}8 Complex

Research on the one-electron reduced analogue of NO, namely nitroxyl (HNO/NO–), has revealed distinguishing properties regarding its utility as a therapeutic. However, the fleeting nature of HNO requires the design of donor molecules. Metal nitrosyl (MNO) complexes could serve as potential HNO donors. The synthesis, spectroscopic/structural characterization, and HNO donor properties of a {CoNO}8 complex in a pyrrole/imine ligand frame are reported. The {CoNO}8 complex [Co(LN4PhCl)(NO)] (1) does not react with established HNO targets such as FeIII hemes or Ph3P. However, in the presence of stoichiometric H+ 1 behaves as an HNO donor. Complex 1 readily reacts with [Fe(TPP)Cl] or Ph3P to afford the {FeNO}7 porphyrin or Ph3P═O/Ph3P═NH, respectively. In the absence of an HNO target, the {Co(NO)2}10 dinitrosyl (3) is the end product. Complex 1 also reacts with O2 to yield the corresponding CoIII-η1-ONO2 (2) nitrato analogue. This report is the first to suggest an HNO donor role for {CoNO}8 with biotargets such ...
Disinfection Effect of Public Appliances in Hotel Industry in Daxing District of Beijing City

[Objective]To understand the disinfection effect of public appliances of hotel industry in Daxing District of Beijing City in 2010,and provide evidence for supervision and management. [Methods]Disinfection monitoring was carried out on public appliances of hotels at different levels. [Results]A total of 905 samples of public appliances were detected,888 were qualified,with qualified rate of 98.1%.The qualified rate of large hotels,medium-sized hotels,and small hotels was 99.0%,98.9% and 96.5%,respectively.The differences were significant(χ2=7.08,P0.05). [Conclusion]Supervision on disinfection of public appliances of hotel industry must be strengthened,attention should be paid to environmental hygiene to prevent pollution.
Spinal CSF venous fistula: A treatable etiology for CSF leaks in craniospinal hypovolemia.

Pachymeningeal enhancement and brain sagging are recognized neuroimaging manifestations of craniospinal hypovolemia (CSH).1 Typically, CSF leaks from a dural defect, pools in the epidural space, and is absorbed into epidural veins. It is subsequently seen as early radiotracer activity on cisternography or as contrast in the renal pelvis on CT myelography. Not infrequently, despite extensive investigations, a dural defect is not identified in patients with CSH.2 Many of these patients undergo repeated single or multilevel blood patches with limited benefit.
Creation,evolution and establishment of Chinese translations of the name of the United States of America in pre-modern China

From the translation of geographic nomenclature and based on the methodology of conceptual history,this article disscussed the creation,evolution and establishment of the word "meiguo" in the cultural context of pre-modern China.According to the analysis of the article,the influence of national cognition and attitude,the manipulation from political and diplomatic aspects,and the regulations imposed by intellectuals and literati are the three chief causes for the lexical change of "meiguo".Hopefully,this article will bring a more profound understanding of the origin and connotation of the word "meiguo" in the system of the modern Chinese language.
John M. T. Finney: distinguished surgeon and Oslerphile

John Finney (1863-1942) was born near Natchez, Mississippi. After receiving his medical degree from Harvard, he interned at Massachusetts General Hospital and then went to Baltimore to become one of the first interns at the new Johns Hopkins Hospital. He met William Osler the day the hospital opened and became a lifelong admirer of "the Chief." Finney specialized in gastrointestinal surgery and was recognized for his expertise in the field. Osler recommended Finney to a physician colleague, writing, "You could not be in better hands…. Finney has been most successful and his judgment is so good." Finney served for 33 years under William Halsted at Hopkins. After Halsted's death, Finney was offered the chair of surgery at Johns Hopkins but declined. He was a founder and first president of the American College of Surgeons. He also served as president of the American Surgical Association and the Society of Clinical Surgery. Finney became chief surgical consultant for the Allied Expeditionary Forces in World War I. He was decorated by the United States, France, and Belgium. Finney was a master surgeon and a role model for generations of students and physicians.
Women, Property, and Confucian Reaction in Sung and Yüan China (960–1368): Women's Property and Confucian Reaction in the Sung

The legal protections and social customs governing women's property that developed in the Sung had social consequences. Daughters' inheritance syphoned assets away from the patriline and, when taken into marriage as dowry, strengthened the standing of affines at the expense of agnates. Large dowries rendered wives in elite households into independent economic entities, who to some extent were buffered from the fortunes of the house. Possession of personal property (by men or women) undermined the authority of the household head, who ostensibly regulated the daily life of family members through the power of the purse. The very concept of communal living and shared property was fundamentally incompatible with personal property. A wife's personal assets also gave her power vis-a-vis her husband and threatened the ideal of obedience and submission to him. Worst of all, the property rights of widows made remarriage especially easy and very attractive. While Chinese for centuries had lived with these contradictions between Confucian ideals and legal practice, Sung thinkers who sought to reinvigorate Confucianism confronted them head on, and not surprisingly, raised objections to women's property rights. The Confucian reaction to women's property came from those who associated themselves with the new interpretation of Confucianism called the Learning of the Way ( tao-hsueh ). These influential thinkers sought to reaffirm classical Confucian gender roles, and in the process could not help but challenge the laws and customs that supported women's property rights.
Autonomic Epilepsy Reviewed

In addition to gastointestinal manifestations of epilepsy, a review of autonomic epilepsies from the Deaconess and Beth Israel Hospitals and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, included cardiovascular manifestations, sudden cardiac death, neurogenic pulmonary edema and other respiratory manifestations, diencephalic epilepsy, cutaneous manifestations, and urogenital manifestations.
Explicit expressions for the expectation, variance and higher moments of the size of a (2n + 1, 2n + 3)-core partition with distinct parts

AbstractArmin Straub’s beautiful article (https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.07161) concludes with two intriguing conjectures about the number, and maximal size, of (2n+1,2n+3)-core partitions with distinct parts. These were proved by ingenious, but complicated, argumentsby Sherry H.F. Yan, Guizhi Qin, Zemin Jin, and Robin D.P. Zhou (https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.03729). In the present article, we first comment that these results can be proved faster by ‘experimental mathematics’ methods, that are easily rigorizable.We then develop relatively efficient, symbolic-computational, algorithms, based on non-linear functional recurrences,to generate what we call the Straub polynomials, where Sn(q) is the generating function, according to size,of the set of (2n+1,2n+3)-core partitions with distinct parts, and compute the first 21 of them.These are used to deduce explicit expressions, as polynomials in n, for the mean, variance, and the third through the seventh moments (about the mean) of the random variable ‘size’ defined ...
Arrestins: Discovery of the Family and Functional Role of Conformational Flexibility

Arrestins were first discovered as negative regulators of G protein-mediated signaling by GPCRs: they bind GRK-phosphorylated active receptors and preclude their further coupling to cognate G proteins. Vertebrates have only four arrestin subtypes, two of which are specifically expressed in photoreceptors in the retina, whereas the two non-visual arrestins are ubiquitously expressed and apparently regulate hundreds of different GPCRs. Later studies showed that, in addition to receptors, non-visual arrestins interact with dozens of other signaling proteins. Current view is that arrestins are versatile regulators organizing multi-protein signaling complexes and localizing them to particular subcellular compartments. Arrestins can exist in several distinct conformations, the best-studied being basal and receptor-bound (often termed “active”), which differentially engage various partners. Identification of the arrestin elements engaged by each partner and construction of signaling-biased arrestins where individual functions are selectively disrupted or enhanced, helps us to elucidate their biological roles in the cell.
Outcomes Associated With Electrical Cardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation When Performed Autonomously by an Advanced Practice Provider

Abstract Objectives This study sought to determine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of elective electrical cardioversion (CV) for atrial fibrillation (AF) when performed autonomously by a trained advanced practice provider (APP) using a guideline-directed protocol. Background APPs have emerged as an integral part of the cardiovascular team. Methods A licensed advanced practice nurse-clinical nurse specialist was trained and obtained credentials to perform CVs. The advanced practice nurse performed 415 CVs autonomously (APP group) in a noninvasive procedure room with an electrophysiologist (EP) immediately available in an adjacent electrophysiology laboratory. The APP performed a history and physical examination, obtained informed consent, reviewed each patient with the supervising EP, and performed the CV. An anesthesiologist administered sedation. Outcomes were compared with 387 CVs performed by an MD when the APP was not available (MD group). Patient satisfaction scores were compared before and after the APP-directed CVs were performed. Results The proportion of patients discharged in sinus rhythm was the same in the APP group as it was in the MD group (95% vs. 96%, respectively; p = 0.49). There were 4 adverse events in the CVs performed by the APP: 1 transient ischemic attack and 3 occurrences of bradycardia requiring atropine or other medication. There was 1 adverse event in the MD group, which was hypotension requiring vasopressor initiation. Patient satisfaction scores were stable after initiation of APP-driven cardioversions. Conclusions With appropriate clinical training, an APP can safely perform CVs autonomously, using a protocol that includes a guideline-directed procedural checklist and physician supervision, with excellent patient satisfaction and outcomes.
Feeling stressed? It might be your T cells

Abolishing signals mediated by the inhibitory receptor PD-1 results in a systemic decrease in tryptophan and tyrosine, which leads to a striking deficiency in the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine in the brain and anxiety-like behavior and exacerbated fear.
On the distributions of annual and seasonal daily rainfall extremes in central Arizona and their spatial variability

Abstract This study uses daily rainfall records of a dense network of 240 gauges in central Arizona to gain insights on (i) the variability of the seasonal distributions of rainfall extremes; (ii) how the seasonal distributions affect the shape of the annual distribution; and (iii) the presence of spatial patterns and orographic control for these distributions. For this aim, recent methodological advancements in peak-over-threshold analysis and application of the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) were used to assess the suitability of the GPD hypothesis and improve the estimation of its parameters, while limiting the effect of short sample sizes. The distribution of daily rainfall extremes was found to be heavy-tailed (i.e., GPD shape parameter ξ > 0) during the summer season, dominated by convective monsoonal thunderstorms. The exponential distribution (a special case of GPD with ξ = 0) was instead showed to be appropriate for modeling wintertime daily rainfall extremes, mainly caused by cold fronts transported by westerly flow. The annual distribution exhibited a mixed behavior, with lighter upper tails than those found in summer. A hybrid model mixing the two seasonal distributions was demonstrated capable of reproducing the annual distribution. Organized spatial patterns, mainly controlled by elevation, were observed for the GPD scale parameter, while ξ did not show any clear control of location or orography. The quantiles returned by the GPD were found to be very similar to those provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlas 14, which used the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. Results of this work are useful to improve statistical modeling of daily rainfall extremes at high spatial resolution and provide diagnostic tools for assessing the ability of climate models to simulate extreme events.
Graphs for Queueing Models

We discuss a program whose task is to produce graphical answers to problems arising in queueing theory. We consider why such a program is necessary and describe the situation to which it is applicable. Some of the statistical and programming considerations for the design of the program are mentioned. An example of its application is given.
A Case Study in Transforming Communities: The Science Booster Club Program

In this chapter I present a narrative description of my experience utilizing the conceptual framework presented in earlier chapters to develop an extensive community network for teaching about climate change and evolution in conservative areas. The program at the time this book went to press has expanded to ten states and serves over one hundred thousand people a year, mostly in fairly rural, conservative areas. In the narrative there is demonstration of effectiveness in teaching potentially socially controversial science content, as well as strategies for effective social outreach in populations that experience cultural conflict with science. These include grassroots mobilization, outreach involving clergy and religious organizations, and providing students and larger communities with opportunities to engage in authentic science practice.
Emerging molecular targeted therapies in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

In recent years, several therapeutic advances have been made in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, despite multimodality therapy, patients with locally advanced SCCHN continue to demonstrate suboptimal 5-year survival rates. The addition of novel, targeted agents to traditional therapies holds promise for clinical benefit. This review will focus on new agents that are promising and their potential role in the treatment of SCCHN.
Characterization of Materials Using Grain Backscattered Ultrasonic Signals

Ultrasonic techniques are widely employed in the nondestructive characterization of materials. For example, the use of grain backscattered ultrasonic signals for the estimation of grain size has been studied extensively [1,2,3,4]. Several techniques to process the grain backscattered signals and extract information related to grain size have been reported in [4]. In this paper, we describe a new technique to process these signals and extract features that can be used for material characterization. The technique consists of the following three steps: i) deconvolution of the backscattered signal to remove the effect of the measurement system, ii) estimation of the spectrum of the resulting reflection coefficient sequence, and iii) extraction of features from the spectrum related to the average scattered energy and the rate of change of scattered energy with frequency, both computed within the bandwidth of the ultrasonic transducer. The spectral features so extracted are influenced by the microstructural properties of a material pertaining to scattering, e.g., average grain diameter, and can be used in the characterization of these properties.
Mapping Tension: Remote Sensing and the Production of a Statewide Land Cover Map

This article examines the process by which remotely sensed land cover maps work to both simplify and complicate landscapes. The central argument is not merely that the construction of land cover maps is complex, but that the points of complexity often arise through the process of trying to simplify. In other words, the forces of complexity are intimately connected to the forces of simplicity and vice versa. This article takes as a case study the production of WISCLAND, (Wisconsin Initiative for Statewide Cooperation on Landscape Analysis and Data), a statewide land cover map of Wisconsin derived from remote sensing data and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) technologies and proceeds by analysis of mapping methodology, practice, and representation. In addition to the development of a more nuanced critique of the use of land cover maps, it facilitates the possibility for a constructive dialogue between remote sensing practitioners and the critical GIS community.
Performance and safety evaluation of a mixed-spectrum reactor design

Abstract Mixed-spectrum reactors (MXR) have been investigated for a wide variety of applications. Typical MXR core designs are based on fast configurations with moderating material inserted within localized regions of the core. Limited analysis has been conducted on assessing important performance and safety aspects. Three main safety-related metrics are devised in this article to validate the feasibility of MXR designs. A long-lived MXR variant was taken as a case study for this analysis. Reactivity feedback mechanisms were evaluated, along with power peaking effects and fast flux damage. Neutron transport simulations found that distortions are manageable in all three areas, with notable improvements in fluence limits and Doppler broadening coefficients. Power peaking effects can be significantly dampened by slight addition of gadolinium in the fuel and by carefully selecting the reflector material.
Self-compassion and responses to negative social feedback: The role of fronto-amygdala circuit connectivity

Self-compassion has been shown to have significant relationships with psychological health and well-being. Despite the increasing growth of research on the topic, no studies to date have investigat...
Barriers to Prompt Presentation to Emergency Departments in Colorado after Onset of Stroke Symptoms

Author(s): Trent, Stacy A.; Morse, Erica A.; Ginde, Adit A.; Havranek, Edward P.; Haukoos, Jason S. | Abstract: Introduction: Despite significant morbidity and mortality from stroke, patient delays to emergency department (ED) presentation following the onset of stroke symptoms are one of the main contraindications to treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Our objective was to identify patient and environmental factors associated with delayed presentations to the ED after onset of stroke symptoms. Methods: This was a pre-planned secondary analysis of data from a multicenter, retrospective observational study at three hospitals in Colorado. We included consecutive adult patients if they were admitted to the hospital from the ED, and the ED diagnosed or initiated treatment for AIS. Patients were excluded if they were transferred from another hospital. Primary outcome was delayed presentation to the ED (g 3.5 hours) following onset stroke symptoms. Results: Among 351 patients, 63% presented to the ED more than 3.5 hours after onset of stroke symptoms. Adjusted results show that patients who presented in the evening hours (odds ratio [OR] [0.45], 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.3-0.8]), as compared to daytime, were significantly less likely to have a delayed presentation. Speaking a language other than English (Spanish [OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2-8.9] and “other” [OR 9.1, 95% CI 1.2-71.0]), having known cerebrovascular risk factors (g2 risk factors [OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.05-5.4] and 1-2 risk factors [OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.03-5.1], compared to zero risk factors), and presenting to a rural hospital (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.2), compared to urban, were significantly associated with delayed presentation. Conclusion: Important patient and environmental factors are significantly associated with delayed ED presentations following the onset of stroke symptoms. Identifying how best to educate patients on stroke risk and recognition remains critically important.
Medial geniculate body and primary auditory cortex differentially contribute to striatal sound representations

The dorsal striatum has emerged as a key region in sensory-guided, reward-driven decision making. A posterior sub-region of the dorsal striatum, the auditory striatum, receives convergent projections from both auditory thalamus and auditory cortex. How these pathways contribute to auditory striatal activity and function remains largely unknown. Here we show that chemogenetic inhibition of the projections from either the medial geniculate body (MGB) or primary auditory cortex (ACx) to auditory striatum in mice impairs performance in an auditory frequency discrimination task. While recording striatal sound responses, we find that transiently silencing the MGB projection reduced sound responses across a wide-range of frequencies in striatal medium spiny neurons. In contrast, transiently silencing the primary ACx projection diminish sound responses preferentially at the best frequencies in striatal medium spiny neurons. Together, our findings reveal that the MGB projection mainly functions as a gain controller, whereas the primary ACx projection provides tuning information for striatal sound representations.
Abstract 602: The Role of Interleukin-19 in Adipose Tissue Homeostasis

Expanding adipose depots experience hypoxia and inflammation, a phenomenon considered pathogenic of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Currently very little is known about the potential fo...
Robust RFID Based 6-DoF Localization for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Although Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are usually deploy outdoors, there is increasing interest in applying UAVs for indoor applications. It is a highly attractive and challenging task to precisely localize a UAV in an indoor environment where Global Positioning System (GPS) service is absent. In this paper, we present RFUAV, a Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) enhanced UAV system that provides a precise 6 degrees of freedom (6-DoF) pose for UAVs. With RFUAV, three or more ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID tags are attached to the UAV and are interrogated by a Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) RFID reader with multiple antennas. Based on phase measurements of the RFID tag responses, the RFID tracker of RFUAV, a Bayesian filter-based algorithm, was employed to track the position of the tags in a global coordinate system. The pose estimator of RFUAV computes the 6-DoF pose of the UAV from tag positions. We tested the performance of RFUAV in a representative, structure-rich, indoor environment, where 0.04 m position error and 2.5 degrees orientation error were achieved.
Consistency bounds and support recovery of d-stationary solutions of sparse sample average approximations

This paper studies properties of the d(irectional)-stationary solutions of sparse sample average approximation problems involving difference-of-convex sparsity functions under a deterministic setting. Such properties are investigated with respect to a vector which satisfies a verifiable assumption to relate the empirical sample average approximation problem to the expectation minimization problem defined by an underlying data distribution. We derive bounds for the distance between the two vectors and the difference of the model outcomes generated by them. Furthermore, the inclusion relationships between their supports, sets of nonzero valued indices, are studied. We provide conditions under which the support of a d-stationary solution is contained within, and contains, the support of the vector of interest; the first kind of inclusion can be shown for any given arbitrary set of indices. Some of the results presented herein are generalization of the existing theory for a specialized problem of $$\ell _1$$ -norm regularized least squares minimization for linear regression.
Interest in Medication and Aspiration Abortion Training among Colorado Nurse Practitioners, Nurse Midwives, and Physician Assistants.

Abstract Objectives We examined advanced practice clinicians’ (APCs: nurse practitioners [NPs], certified nurse midwives [CNMs], physician assistants) interest in training to provide medication and aspiration abortion in Colorado, where abortion provision by APCs is legal. Methods We surveyed a stratified random sample of APCs, oversampling women's health (CNMs/women's health nurse practitioners [WHNPs]) and rural APCs. We examined prevalence and predictors of interest in abortion training using weighted χ2 tests. Results Of 512 participants (21% response), the weighted sample is 50% NPs, 41% physician assistants, and 9% CNMs/WHNPs; 55% provide primary care. Only 12% are aware they can legally provide abortion. A minority of participants disagree that medication abortion (15%) or aspiration abortion (25%) should be in APC scope of practice. Almost one-third (29%) are interested in medication abortion training and 16% are possibly interested; interest is highest among CNMs/WHNPs (52%) (p Conclusions Interest in abortion training among Colorado APCs is substantial. However, facility barriers to abortion provision must be addressed to increase abortion access with APCs.
Tests for Long-Run Relationships in Hardwood Lumber Prices

Hardwood lumber prices are unique because of the large number of marketable species and variability of prices across species. Previous research showed that long-run fashion decisions regarding species selection may be influenced by price, so the interaction between fashion and species price may act to keep prices (hence, demand) of different hardwood species together in the long run. To test this hypothesis, we examined the joint lumber price behavior of six major hardwood species representing different appearance characteristics in the Appalachian hardwood region. Bivariate and multivariate price cointegration tests within lumber grades ofthese mainly nonstationary price series, conducted using a consistent vector error-correction rank and lag-order model selection procedure, revealed no stable long-run statistical relationships, rejecting the principal null hypothesis. Current relative price levels therefore cannot be used to infer future relative levels. Supplementary vector autoregressions of mostly differenced series, however, indicate that some interspecies price relationships exist. Such relationships, however, were mostly confined within appearance groups and only rarely across groups.
Temperature dependence of bipolar junction transistor current-voltage characteristics after low dose rate irradiation

Abstract Temperature variation on board can have a significant impact on electronic circuit parameters. In this paper, we investigate and model how both irradiated NPN and PNP-Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) at room temperature respond electrically to temperature variation. A temperature-dependent analytical model for total-ionizing-dose-induced excess base current in BJTs is proposed. Our model captures base current dependence on temperature on irradiated parts. To do so, the devices under test are irradiated at room temperature with all terminals grounded. After irradiation, base currents are obtained, and the concentrations of oxide defects (i.e., oxide trapped charge and interface traps) created during irradiation are calculated. At the end, results from our analytical model and experimental data are compared to SPICE simulations. Both base current and defect densities resulting from room temperature irradiations are used as inputs to SPICE simulations and the analytical model. Experimental data obtained from measurements at both low and high temperatures on parts irradiated at room temperature are shown to compare well to the simulation results and analytical model over a range of temperatures. The modeling work shows that SPICE simulations can support qualification for commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) linear bipolar components with temperature for space applications.
A Proteasome Mutation Sensitizes P. falciparum Cam3.II K13C580Y Parasites to DHA and OZ439.

Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), the World Health Organization-recommended first-line therapy for uncomplicated falciparum malaria, has led to significant decreases in malaria-associated morbidity and mortality in the past two decades. Decreased therapeutic efficacy of artemisinins, the cornerstone of ACTs, is threatening the gains made against this disease. As such, novel therapeutics with uncompromised mechanisms of action are needed to combat parasite-mediated antimalarial resistance. We have previously reported the antimalarial activity of Plasmodium falciparum-specific proteasome inhibitors in conjunction with a variety of antimalarials in clinical use or in preclinical investigations and of proteasome mutants generated in response to these inhibitors. Here, we discover that despite harboring K13C580Y, which has conventionally mediated artemisinin resistance in vitro as measured by increased survival in ring-stage survival assays (RSA), the Cam3.II strain parasites of Cambodian origin that have acquired an additional mutation in the proteasome display increased susceptibility to DHA and OZ439. This discovery implicates the proteasome in peroxide susceptibilities and has favorable implications on the use of peroxide and proteasome inhibitor combination therapy for the treatment of artemisinin-resistant malaria.
Warning users about cyber threats through sounds

This paper reports a formative evaluation of auditory representations of cyber security threat indicators and cues, referred to as sonifications, to warn users about cyber threats. Most Internet browsers provide visual cues and textual warnings to help users identify when they are at risk. Although these alarming mechanisms are very effective in informing users, there are certain situations and circumstances where these alarming techniques are unsuccessful in drawing the user’s attention: (1) security warnings and features (e.g., blocking out malicious Websites) might overwhelm a typical Internet user and thus the users may overlook or ignore visual and textual warnings and, as a result, they might be targeted, (2) these visual cues are inaccessible to certain users such as those with visual impairments. This work is motivated by our previous work of the use of sonification of security warnings to users who are visually impaired. To investigate the usefulness of sonification in general security settings, this work uses real Websites instead of simulated Web applications with sighted participants. The study targets sonification for three different types of security threats: (1) phishing, (2) malware downloading, and (3) form filling. The results show that on average 58% of the participants were able to correctly remember what the sonification conveyed. Additionally, about 73% of the participants were able to correctly identify the threat that the sonification represented while performing tasks using real Websites. Furthermore, the paper introduces “CyberWarner”, a sonification sandbox that can be installed on the Google Chrome browser to enable auditory representations of certain security threats and cues that are designed based on several URL heuristics.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Cases Corroborated by Sequencing.

Evaluating the reinfection may offer some insight into areas for further investigation regarding durability of immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sixty cases of reinfection with viral sequencing were identified in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and medRxiv before May 1, 2021.Episodes of infection were separated by a median of 116 days. Severity of illness was greater among individuals reinfected within 90 days of initial infection, no asymptomatic initial cases developed severe reinfection, nearly half of cases had suspected escape variants, and nearly all individual tested following reinfection were found to have detectable levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This analysis is limited by the heterogeneous methods used among reports. Reinfection continues to be relatively rare. As the case rate presumably increases over time, this review will inform measurements to determine the natural history and causal determinants of reinfection in more rigorous observational cohort studies and other standardized surveillance approaches.
Shock, Awe, & Expropriation: The Act of State Doctrine and Loss Deductions under Section 165 of the Internal Revenue Code

The Act of State doctrine generally dictates that American courts not sit in judgment with respect to the acts of a foreign sovereign on its own soil. Courts commonly reason that although nothing in our Constitution requires recognition of the doctrine, adherence to its mandate effectively allows the Judicial Branch to steer clear of any actual or perceived interference with the Executive Branch's conduct of foreign policy. Wholly aside from established notions of the proper separation of powers, appeal to the doctrine is also a generous display of international comity, allowing domestic courts to defer to the sovereign authority of a foreign power. Courts hearing domestic tax disputes involving foreign expropriation losses routinely appeal to the Act of State doctrine in refusing to characterize the loss as a theft. In this Article, I question whether a court appealing to the Act of State doctrine to reach one conclusion is obligated (even if only for the sake of analytical consistency) to defer to or recognize the executive, legislative, and judicial acts of that state (or the acts of other branches) in reaching related conclusions, consistent with established tripartite articulations of the Act of State doctrine. In arguing against a deconstructionist paradigm, I reason that a monolithic mindset enhances administrability, effectively polices judicial whim, and minimizes the potential for taxpayer whipsawing.
Chapter 6 Protein Sorting in the Secretory Pathway.

This chapter focuses on protein sorting in the secretory pathway. From primary and secondary biosynthetic sites in the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix, respectively, proteins and lipids are distributed to more than 30 final destinations in membranes or membrane-bound spaces, where they carry out their programmed function. Molecular sorting is defined, in its most general sense, as the sum of the mechanisms that determine the distribution of a given molecule from its site of synthesis to its site of function in the cell. The final site of residence of a protein in a eukaryotic cell is determined by a combination of various factors, acting in concert: (1) site of synthesis, (2) sorting signals or zip codes, (3) signal recognition or decoding mechanisms, (4) cotranslational or posttranslational mechanisms for translocation across membranes, (5) specific fusion-fission interactions between intracellular vesicular compartments, and (6) restrictions to the lateral mobility in the plane of the bilayer. Improvements in cell fractionation, protein separation, and immune precipitation procedures in the past decade have made them possible. Very little is known about the mechanisms that mediate the localization and concentration of specific proteins and lipids within organelles. Various experimental model systems have become available for their study. The advent of recombinant DNA technology has shortened the time needed for obtaining the primary structure of proteins to a few months.
Feasibility of FRI-based square-wave reconstruction with quantization error and integrator noise

Conventional Nyquist sampling and reconstruction of square waves at a finite rate will always result in aliasing because square waves are not band limited. Based on methods for signals with finite rate of innovation (FRI), generalized Analog Thresholding (gAT-n) is able to sample square waves at a much lower rate under ideal conditions. The target application is efficient, real-time, implantable neurotechnology that extracts spiking neural signals from the brain. This paper studies the effect of integrator noise and quantization error on the accuracy of reconstructed square waves. We explore realistic values for integrator noise and input signal amplitude, using specifications from the Texas Instruments IVC102 integrator chip as a first-pass example because of its readily-available data sheet. ADC resolution is varied from 1 to 16 bits. This analysis indicates that gAT-1 is robust against these hardware non-idealities where gAT-2 degrades less gracefully, which makes gAT-1 a prime target for hardware implementation in a custom integrated circuit.
Combined surgical intervention treatments for lung cancer and coronary heart disease patients

Background and objective The number of patients with both lung cancer and coronary heart disease has increased for the last ten years. The aim of this study is to analyze the outcome of the combined treatment of radical surgery and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) for patients with both lung cancer and coronary heart disease. Methods The clinical data of 18 patients (16 males and 2 females, mean age of 66.11 years) with both lung cancer and coronary heart disease who went through combined surgical interventions between 2003 and 2012 were summarized and analyzed. The lung cancer in these patients was predominantly at stages I and II (TNM). All patients’ cardio-pulmonary function was favorable. Results All the patients survived the operation, without any recorded death and new myocardial infarction occurrence during the perioperative period. Squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were found in 10 and 8 patients, respectively. Pathological lung cancer stage was Ia in 2 cases, Ib in 8 cases, IIa in 3 cases, II b in 3 cases, and IIIa in 2 cases. The most frequently observed complications were cardiac arrhythmias, atelectasis, and pulmonary infections. The mean values of operating room time, postoperative drainage, drainage tube time, and blood transfusion were significantly different between video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) groups and thoractomy groups. No significant differences in survival rate were found (P=0.187). Conclusion The combined method of OPCABG and pulmonary resection is a safe and effective treatment for patients with both lung cancer and coronary heart disease. VATS lobectomy is beneficial for lung cancer patients because it reduces lesions. DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2012.10.07
Developing Managerial Skills in Engineers and Scientists: Succeeding as a Technical Manager

THE PRACTICE OF TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT. Technical Management in Action. Preventing Managerial Failure. TRANSFORMATION OF TECHNOLOGISTS INTO MANAGERS. Issues in Career Transition. TECHNOLOGIES FOR CAREER TRANSITION. Technologies for Management. Technologies for Engineers and Scientists. Educating Technologists for Management. THE ORGANIZING FUNCTION. Fundamental Principles Every Technical Manager Should Know. Managing Without Authority--Project, Matrix, and Cross-Functional Teams. Developing Your Organizational Design Skills. THE PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING FUNCTION. Understanding Managerial and Strategic Planning. Developing Your Decision-Making and Problem-Solving Skills. THE CONTROLLING AND EVALUATION FUNCTION. Developing Your Control and Evaluation Skills. Measuring and Evaluating Engineering and R&D. LOOKING AHEAD. The Quest for Quality: Managers Beware. Index.
A QoS Network Management System for Robust and Reliable Multimedia Services

In this paper, we introduce a practical network management system with QoS for multimedia traffic. Today, multimedia applications have evolved significantly and have become an essential part of the Internet. In order to effectively support the newly emerging network traffic, the underlying network protocols need to be aware of the characteristics and demands of the traffic. The proposed network system is ready to address the varied characteristics of multimedia traffic and can assure a high degree of adherence to the quality of service demanded from it. Considering the need for reliable QoS services, the system is also equipped with fault tolerance capability by provisioning multiple QoS paths. Moreover, the system has been practically designed and implemented to provide "cost-effective" QoS support with respect to control overhead. It deploys measurement-based QoS path computation and call admission scheme which may be deemed ineffective for bursty multimedia traffic. However, results conclusively prove that provisioning multiple paths and utilizing them in parallel in our system not only provides high fault tolerance capability but also effectively accommodates multimedia traffic by relieving its burstiness with multiple paths. We present the architecture of the system and discuss the benefits gained for multimedia traffic.
Architecture of Generalized Network Service Anomaly and Fault Thresholds

In this paper we introduce GAFT (Generalized Anomaly and Fault Threshold), featuring a novel system architecture that is capable of setting, monitoring and detecting generalized thresholds and soft faults proactively and adaptively. GAFT monitors many network parameters simultaneously, analyzes statistically their performance, combines intelligently the individual decisions and derives an integrated result of compliance for each service class. We have carried out simulation experiments of network resource and service deterioration, when increasingly congested in the presence of class-alien traffic, where GAFT combines intelligently, using a neural network classifier, 12 monitored network performance parameter decisions into a unified result. To this end, we tested five different types of neural network classifiers: Perceptron, BP, PBH, Fuzzy ARTMAP, and RBF. Our results indicate that BP and PBH provide more effective classification than the other neural networks. We also stress tested the entire system, which showed that GAFT can reliably detect class-alien traffic with intensity as low as five to ten percent of typical service class traffic.