cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An inverse method for soil permeability estimation from gas pump tests

Abstract This paper applies an inverse method to analyzing the sensitivities of gas flow for the estimation of horizontal and vertical soil permeabilities. Because a Galerkin finite-element model is used to simulate gas flow, the inverse method provides flexibility in the treatment of complex system conditions (for example, a partially confined vadose zone). The analysis of sensitivities to vertical and horizontal soil permeabilities provides important information for optimal design of the gas pump test. Theoretical examples demonstrate that the magnitudes of sensitivity coefficients and their spatial correlation are largely dependent on the locations of data points, the radial extent of surface seal, and soil anisotropy. A surface seal can increase the magnitude of the sensitivities and reduce the correlation between the sensitivities. Therefore, the quality of the estimation of soil permeability is improved. Results of computational experiments show that when the correlation between the sensitivities is larger, computation of the parameter values may require more iterations to converge from a narrower range of initial estimates and the calculated soil parameter values are generally less reliable. Measurement error could result in high uncertainty in parameter estimation.
Rape Survivors' Agency within the Legal and Medical Systems.

Many rape survivors seek help from the legal and medical systems post-assault. Previous studies have examined how social system personnel treat survivors, but less attention has been paid to how survivors attempt to shape their interactions with these systems. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine rape survivors’ agency—the active process in which they engaged to alter their experiences with the legal and medical systems. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 20 female rape survivors who had contact with the police and a Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) program. Analytic induction was the guiding analytic approach. Findings indicate that this group of survivors engaged in three agentic processes in their interactions with the legal and medical systems: compliance in order to increase the likelihood their case would achieve what they deemed to be a successful outcome, defiance through noncompliance in order to protect themselves from further harm, and defiance by challengi...
Interactive software for estimating the efficacy of non-isothermal heat preservation processes.

Abstract The most commonly used methods to generate microbial inactivation curves are based on the assumptions that microbial mortality follows first order kinetics and that the temperature effect on the ‘ D value’ or exponential rate constant is determined by the log linear model or the Arrhenius equation, respectively. However, many bacterial cells and spores follow the Weibull–Log Logistic (WeLL) model and software to simulate pasteurization and sterilization processes using this model has been available for some years as free downloadable programs written in MS Excel®. According to this model, an organism's heat resistance parameters are T c , a marker of the temperature level where the inactivation accelerates, k , the steepness of the Weibullian rate parameter in the lethal regime where T ≫ T c and n , a measure of the semi logarithmic isothermal survival curve's concavity and its direction. Because the traditional first order kinetics is just a special case of the Weibullian model with n = 1.0, the software is applicable to both linear and non-linear inactivation. Recently, Wolfram Research Inc., the maker of Mathematica®, has made its interactive program Mathematica Player® free downloadable software. A user, who need not have a copy of Mathematica®, can view and download any of the numerous graphic demonstrations from the Wolfram Demonstrations Project web site, and continuously manipulate their dynamic parameters with sliders on the screen. One set of five such demonstrations allows the user to generate and adjust the temperature profile of heat processes, modify the targeted organism's Weibullian survival parameters and immediately observe the corresponding semi-logarithmic survival curve and the equivalent time at a reference temperature, which can also be manipulated by a slider. This free program enables food microbiologists, technologists and engineers to examine a large number of heat processing options and assess their potential safety implications. It can also serve as a training and educational tool in industry and academia.
Diximermis peterseni (Nematoda: Mermithidae): a potential biocontrol agent of Anopheles mosquito larvae.

Abstract The mermithid nematode Diximermis peterseni was successfully transferred and established in an artificial pond and then in a natural pond. The exposure in the artificial pond initially produced 92% parasitism in introduced larvae of Anopheles quadrimaculatus; then parasite activity gradually decreased and disappeared. However, it reappeared 8 months after the introduction and has been observed in introduced hosts during each of the 40 months since. The release of 2300 Anopheles (85–90% infected) into a natural pond (January–March 1971) produced 12–100% parasitism during the 8-month period between September 1971, and March 1972. Furthermore, during the same months in 1972–1973, an average of 88% of the Anopheles in the pond were parasitized. These data indicate that D. peterseni can be easily established and will produce significant levels of parasitism despite long periods of dry weather and low host densities.
Development of Young Adults Eating and Active for Health (YEAH) Internet-Based Intervention via a Community-Based Participatory Research Model

Abstract Objective To develop a tailored, theory-based, Web-delivered intervention to prevent excessive weight gain in young adults using a Community-Based Participatory Research model. Design Investigators from 14 universities developed the intervention and supporting administrative portal using the 4 phases of the PRECEDE model. Steering committees were composed of the target audience (aged 19–24 years) and key health/wellness personnel were formed at each institution and provided information during each phase that was used to guide development of the intervention, Project YEAH (Young Adults Eating and Active for Health). Piloting results were used to refine the curriculum and identify and avoid barriers to delivery. Results Qualitative and quantitative data collected at each phase informed Project YEAH development. In Phase 1, factors of highest priority to young adults were identified. In Phase 2, environmental supports for healthful lifestyles were elucidated. In Phase 3, behavior and environmental changes considered important and changeable were identified. In Phase 4, the 10-week, theory-based, stage-tailored, interactive-learning intervention with a 10-month reinforcement period was developed. Conclusions and Implications Applying the PRECEDE model with fidelity during development of Project YEAH resulted in an intervention that pilot participants found relevant and useful, gained attention, instilled confidence in the ability to apply the information, and provided a sense of satisfaction.
Design and simulation of Ku-Band Low-Noise Block Down-Converter in 0.18 micrometer CMOS technology

This paper presents a Low-Noise Block (LNB) Down Converter Circuit that converts RF signals in the Ku-Band, 10.5 GHz - 13 GHz, to the L-band, 0.75 GHz - 2.25 GHz using 0.18 micrometer CMOS technology. The LNB consumed 94.06 milliamps from a 1.8 volt power supply. This LNB achieved an overall gain of 62 decibels with a noise figure between 3.85 decibels and 4.55 decibels within the operating frequency range. It has a 1-decibel input compression point of 5.34 dBm and a third-order intercept of 5.26 dB. A detailed analysis of the respective components of the LNB, including the low-noise amplifier, voltage-controlled oscillator, mixer, and intermediate frequency amplifier, will be presented. For each component of the LNB, important figures of merit, their respective contributions to the overall design specifications, and Cadence Virtuoso simulation results are presented.
Coding observational data: A software solution

The analysis of observational data, particularly from social interactions, is often made difficult by the process of transcribing the verbal and behavioral interactions, having observers code on the transcriptions, and then transferring those codes to a statistical analysis program. The advent of computer-aided coding schemes has, to some extent, eliminated this laborious and time-consuming process. However, existing programs may not fulfill the needs of all of the researchers interested in this methodology, and furthermore, the expense of current systems may put these tools out of reach for some. The Observational Data Coding System (ODCS) software package presented here is a flexible coding tool designed to make efficient the process of coding observational data. A control panel allows the researcher to customize the program and coding system to suit his or her research questions. A variety of media (including video, audio, image, and text) can be read directly into the Windows-based program; trained observers can then code a variety of factors via buttons on the screen while the file is playing. An example of using the program to analyze conversation is provided. ODCS is a flexible, free tool for the coding of observational data.
Discussing Weight with Obese Primary Care Patients: Physician and Patient Perceptions

To evaluate patient–provider agreement on whether weight and related behaviors were discussed during routine visits. Post-visit survey assessments of patients and providers. Obese patients make up the majority of all patients seen in primary care (PC). The patients and physicians were recruited at the time of PC visits. Percent patient–physician agreement and patient, provider and practice characteristics associated with agreement. Patients (456) and physicians (30) agreed about whether or not they discussed weight, physical activity (PA), and diet for 61% of office visits. There was disagreement on one of the items (weight, PA, or diet) for 23% of office visits, and for 2 or more of the items for 16% of the visits. Agreement was relatively greater for discussing weight than for discussing diet or physical activity. Physicians reported discussing weight issues more often than did patients. Overall patient–physician agreement was 0.51–0.59 (weighted Kappa statistic). In a multivariate analyses of factors associated with patient–physician agreement, health insurance (odds ratio [OR]=3.67, p value = 0.002), physician description of patient weight status (OR = 2.27, p value = 0.002), patient report of how weight relates to health (OR = 1.70, p value = 0.04), and female patient gender (OR = 1.62, p = value = 0.02) were significantly related to agreement. Patients and providers disagreed about whether or not weight issues were discussed in a large number of primary care encounters in this study. Physicians may be able to improve care for their obese patients by focusing discussions on specific details of diet and physical activity behaviors, and by clarifying that patients perceive weight-related information has been shared.
An Optimizing Model of Urban Development

This paper presents an approach to the planning of urban development using an activity analysis framework in contrast with the more prevalent simulation models. Using input-output relations for pro...
Lack of effect of added liposomes on veratridine activation of 22Na+ uptake in rat brain synaptosomes.

Abstract Partially purified egg yolk phospholipids in the form of both small and large unilamellar liposomes at lipid concentrations of 30 mg ml and higher inhibited veratridine activation of sodium channel specific 22Na+ uptake by rat brain synaptosomes. Chromatographically purified egg yolk phosphatidyl choline liposomes did not show this inhibition even at lipid concentrations up to 125 mg ml . This demonstrates that the inhibition of veratridine-activated 22Na+ uptake was due to an impurity in the lipid rather than an ability of the liposomes to absorb and immobilize the lipophilic veratridine molecule.
The Application of Micropipette Aspiration in Molecular Mechanics of Single Cells

Micropipette aspiration is arguably the most classical technique in mechanical measurements and manipulations of single cells. Despite its simplicity, micropipette aspiration has been applied to a variety of experimental systems that span different length scales to study cell mechanics, nanoscale molecular mechanisms in single cells, bleb growth, and nucleus dynamics, to name a few. Enabled by micro/nanotechnology, several novel microfluidic devices have been developed recently with better accuracy, sensitivity, and throughput. Further technical advancements of microfluidics-based micropipette aspiration would have broad applications in both fundamental cell mechanics studies and for disease diagnostics.
A direct colorimetric method for the study of myosin ATPase

At 20°C, in 0.6 M KCl, the largest difference between the acidic and basic optical densities of the dye, p -phenylazo-phenol sulfonic acid, occurs at λ=425 mμ, and the dye has a p K of 8. Around pH 8, ATP hydrolysis yields 1 mole H + /1 mole ATP. Therefore, in this pH range, it is possible to follow rate of proton production, i.e., ATPase activity, by following O.D. 425 as a function of time. Rates thus measured are linear functions of rates measured by the conventional orthophosphate method used for calibration, and the sensitivity of the O.D. method is comparable to that of the conventional method. Apart from its convenience in routine work the method lends itself to mass applications as in collecting fractions, or to transient measurements as originally devised by Gutfreund and Sturtevant for chymotrypsin.
Congruence among Four Methods of Measuring Other-Centeredness.

DLUGOKINSI1, Emc, and FIRESTONE, IRA J. Congruence among Four Methods of Measuring Other-Centeredness. CHmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1973, 44, 304-308. Previous research has not substantiated individual trait differences in moral development, nor has it demonstrated consistent association between the cognitive and the behavioral dimensions in any particular topical area. At least part of previous findings may have been due to trying to generalize over too broad an area of morality, or to an overly gross definition of a single trait for what is in fact a heterogeneous collection of traits. This research demonstrates significant but moderate association among 4 methods of measuring other-centeredness, including behavioral, cognitive, valuative, and peer-rating measures. This coherence within the different facets of othercenteredness indicates that some individual consistencies are present in this area. It is suggested that these consistencies be measured with situational stimulation, to effectively predict variance in the area of other-centered development.
Error recognition and utilization produced by injury to the frontal cortex in man

Abstract In an earlier study, a patient with frontal lobe damage had been observed and had been noted to suffer from “an equivocal disturbance of error evaluation.” The terms error “evaluation” and “utilization” were employed synonymously. Neuropsychological examination of the patient reported here clarifies this “equivocal disturbance”: it became clear that error recognition remains intact although error utilization is disturbed. Consequently the nature of the frontal lobe syndrome is re-evaluated.
The effects of hydrogen bonding on vibrational frequencies and relaxation times in halomethanes

Abstract The vibrational peak frequencies and relaxation times of the isotropic Raman spectra of the ν1 modes of CD2Br2 and CHBr3 were studied in solution. The results were compared with earlier data on the analogous chloromethanes. The frequency shifts in non-interactive solvents were explained well on the basis of solution variations in the dispersion energy. In Lewis bases, the displacements were in some cases, but not all, greater than predicted. On the other hand, it was found that the vibrational relaxation times of the CH/CD modes decreased dramatically in all Lewis base solvents. Therefore, it was concluded that relaxation times of the ν1 modes, rather than frequency shifts, furnish a more reliable measure of hydrogen bonding interactions of halomethanes in solution.
Dynamic model of an integral-cycle controlled single-phase induction machine

A dynamic machine model of an integral-cycle-controlled single-phase induction motor is derived by properly choosing a stationary d-q reference frame. The approach highlights the mode transition which occurs in the integral-cycle operation. By utilizing the model it is revealed that two types of capacitor connection to the machine windings are equivalent, and that the integral-cycle controlled single-phase induction machine switches its operation between two distinct modes. A comparison of simulated to test results indicates that with the integral-cycle control, a complicated motor behavior may occur due to the irregular current waveform in its operation. >
Utilizing Internet-Based Videoconferencing for Instrumental Music Lessons.

This exploration of online applied music lessons focused on nine trumpet lessons between Jeremy, a college trumpet professor on the East Coast, and Kate, an eighth-grade trumpet player in the Midwe...
Molecular Dynamics of Solid-State Lysozyme as Affected by Glycerol and Water: A Neutron Scattering Study

Abstract Glycerol has been shown to lower the heat denaturation temperature (T m ) of dehydrated lysozyme while elevating the T m of hydrated lysozyme (Bell, Hageman, and Muraoka, 1995. J. Pharm. Sci. 84:707–712). Here, we report an in situ elastic neutron scattering study of the effect of glycerol and hydration on the internal dynamics of lysozyme powder. Anharmonic motions associated with structural relaxation processes were not detected for dehydrated lysozyme in the temperature range of 40 to 450K. Dehydrated lysozyme was found to have the highest T m by Bell et al. (1995b). Upon the addition of glycerol or water, anharmonicity was recovered above a dynamic transition temperature (T d ), which may contribute to the reduction of T m values for dehydrated lysozyme in the presence of glycerol. The greatest degree of anharmonicity, as well as the lowest T d , was observed for lysozyme solvated with water. Hydrated lysozyme was also found to have the lowest T m by Bell et al. (1995b). In the regime above T d , larger amounts of glycerol lead to a higher rate of change in anharmonic motions as a function of temperature, rendering the material more heat labile. Below T d , where harmonic motions dominate, the addition of glycerol resulted in a lower amplitude of motions, correlating with a stabilizing effect of glycerol on the protein.
Poly(trifluoromethyl)azulenes: structures and acceptor properties

Six new poly(trifluoromethyl)azulenes prepared in a single high-temperature reaction exhibit strong electron accepting properties in the gas phase and in solution and demonstrate the propensity to form regular π-stacked columns in donor–acceptor crystals when mixed with pyrene as a donor.
Spread of information through a population with socio-structural bias: I. Assumption of transitivity

A previously derived iteration formula for a random net was applied to some data on the spread of information through a population. It was found that if the axon density (the only free parameter in the formula) is determined by the first pair of experimental values, the predicted spread is much more rapid than the observed one. If the successive values of the “apparent axon density” are calculated from the successive experimental values, it is noticed that this quantity at first suffers a sharp drop from an initial high value to its lowest value and then gradually “recovers”.
New acyl anion equivalent. A short route to the enol lactam intermediate in cytochalasin synthesis

Abstract The preparation and Emmons-Horner reactions of various α-alkoxyphosphonoacetates were examined. The latter reactions proceeded with considerable stereoselectivity, which allowed the efficient preparation of an intermediate in cytochalasin synthesis.
Restoration of phytanic acid oxidation in Refsum disease fibroblasts from patients with mutations in the phytanoyl‐CoA hydroxylase gene

Refsum disease (RD) is biochemically characterized by the excessive accumulation of phytanic acid in tissues and body fluids due to deficiency of phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase (PAHX). In this study, we screened three RD patients and identified a novel deletion (88 amino acids), and a missense mutation (Arg275Trp) in the previously reported PAHX cDNA (Jansen et al., 1997; Mihalik et al., 1997). Moreover, transfection of skin fibroblasts from two RD patients with wild-type PAHX gene restored the activity for alpha-oxidation of phytanic acid. Southern analysis on a somatic cell hybrid panel detected the PAHX gene on chromosome 10, corroborating radiation hybrid and homozygosity mapping data (Mihalik et al., 1997; Nadal et al., 1995).
Somatomedin-C in zinc deficiency

A significant decrease in the activity of somatomedin-C (SM-C) was observed due to zinc deficiency. SM-C activity correlated significantly with b.wt gain and with the status of zinc in rats. The present findings provide an insight into the mechanism by which zinc promotes growth and development.
rf converter simulation: imposition of the radiation condition

The transmission coefficient of a radiating horn is calculated. The calculation imposes a radiation condition at large distances. It employs the boundary integral method developed by Bernstein and Rokhlin. It is performed in the frequency domain and assumes axial symmetry. We discuss the dependence of rf transmission for the horn geometry that is used in the relativistic klystron amplifier experiments at the Naval Research Laboratory.
Arrays of Cu2+-complexed organic clusters grown on gold nano dots

Controlled growth of organic multilayers from periodic gold dot arrays on SiO2 surfaces has been used to create complex overlayer structures. Nanosphere lithography (NSL) was first used to produce uniform metal patterns with particle sizes of 40 nm, spaced by gaps of 80 nm. These particles served as the nucleation centers for layer-by-layer growth of organic/metal ion complexes. The resulting structures can either be isolated adsorbed dot structures on a continuous surface or continuous networks of the adsorbed materials with isolated arrays of SiO2 surface dots. Step-by-step organic multilayer growth from small isolated centers enables us to monitor each process step by direct surface imaging techniques. Further metal evaporation and lift-off of the organic layers creates star-shaped gold structures within the original array.
Value of gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 in distinguishing metastatic breast carcinomas among poorly differentiated neoplasms involving the ovary

Women with breast cancer have an increased risk of developing primary ovarian tumors. Because a differential diagnosis between primary and metastatic tumors may be difficult in poorly differentiated ovarian neoplasms, breast carcinoma markers may be helpful in establishing the primary site of origin. Gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), a well-known marker of apocrine differentiation, has been reported as a highly specific and sensitive breast carcinoma marker. To evaluate the usefulness of GCDFP-15 as a marker for metastatic breast cancer, we have studied, by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique, 14 cases of breast cancer metastatic to the ovary and compared them with 32 primary ovarian tumors and seven cases of ovarian metastases other than breast in origin. Two cases of primary ovarian cancer metastatic to the breast were also included. A strong cytoplasmic immunostaining was found in 10 of 14 cases (71%) of ovarian metastasis from breast carcinoma, and in most cases a characteristic paranuclear staining was noted. All primary ovarian tumors were negative. Ovarian metastases from tumors other than breast and both cases of ovarian carcinoma metastatic to the breast were negative. These results are highly significant (P less than .00001) and demonstrate the value of GCDFP-15 in establishing a primary breast origin among neoplasms of unknown origin involving the ovaries.
Need for validation of clinical decision aids: use of the AST/ALT ratio in predicting cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C.

Need for validation of clinical decision aids: use of the AST/ALT ratio in predicting cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C
Photodeposition of micrometer-scale polymer patterns on optical imaging fibers

Microstructures were fabricated on optical imaging fibers with a photopolymerization technique. Monodisperse polymeric microarrays were produced containing spots of 2.5 micrometers in diameter spaced 4.5 micrometers apart. Polymer microarrays were also deposited on other substrates by using imaging fibers for light delivery. The technique allows micrometer-scale photopatterning with masks larger than the desired dimensions.
Mutant prevention concentration and mutant selection window for 10 antimicrobial agents against Rhodococcus equi

The objectives of this study were to determine the mutant prevention concentration (MPC), time above the MPC and mutant selection window for 10 antimicrobial agents against Rhodococcus equi and to determine if the combination of a macrolide with rifampin would decrease emergence of resistant mutants. Antimicrobial agents investigated (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, rifampin, amikacin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, vancomycin, imipenem, and doxycycline) were selected based on in vitro activity and frequency of use in foals or people infected with R. equi. Each antimicrobial agent or combination of agents was evaluated against four virulent strains of R. equi. MPC were determined using an agar plate assay. Pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated using published plasma and pulmonary pharmacokinetic variables. There was a significant (P<0.001) effect of the type of antimicrobial agent on the MPC. The MPC of clarithromycin (1.0 μg/ml) was significantly lower and the MPC of rifampin and amikacin (512 and 384 μg/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than that of all other antimicrobial agents tested. Combining erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin with rifampin resulted in a significant (P≤0.005) decrease in MPC and MPC/MIC ratio. When MIC and MPC were combined with pharmacokinetic variables, only gentamicin and vancomycin were predicted to achieve plasma concentrations above the MPC for any given periods of time. Only clarithromycin and the combination clarithromycin-rifampin were predicted to achieve concentrations in bronchoalveolar cells and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid above the MPC for the entire dosing interval. In conclusion, the combination of a macrolide with rifampin considerably decreases the emergence of resistant mutants of R. equi.
Large Power Transformer Condition Assessment and Life Extension

The unsteady implementation of the conceptual model of deregulation of electric utility industry in many countries has caused significant consequences in the overall health of the general population of large power transformers [LPTs]. LPTs are now subject to adverse conditions due to advanced aging, decreases in routine testing and maintenance activities, reduction of capital for repair and replacement, increased loading and lack of technical expertise.
Post source pulse focusing: a simple method to achieve improved resolution in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer

Abstract The theoretical basis for a simple method to improve resolution in a linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer is presented. This method, post-source pulse focusing, involves the application of a focusing voltage pulse to a short field-free region located after the source and acceleration regions. The pulse is timed so that it occurs after the ions of interest have entered this region. Instrumental requirements are identical to those for time-lag focusing, but the disadvantages of time-lag focusing are eliminated. For a typical linear time-of-flight mass analyzer design, resolution improvements of a factor of three or more should be easily attainable. Theoretical considerations also suggest this technique will be particularly valuable for surface desorption/ionization and heated sample introduction where much greater resolution enhancements are predicted. In addition, various instrumental alterations are discussed which suggest possibilities for achieving resolutions in excess of 10 000 for a linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
An absolute obstacle: cardiac metastasis of synovial sarcoma.

PRESENTATION Bilateral swelling of the lower extremities, a 25-lb (11.3-kg) weight gain, and abdominal distension were grim heralds for a 44-year-old man. He presented with a 2-month history of these symptoms but denied shortness of breath, orthopnea, chest pain, palpitations, or syncope. Two years earlier, the patient had been diagnosed with synovial sarcoma of the right shoulder, for which he underwent preoperative radiation, local resection, and chemotherapy. A year after the initial diagnosis, he required further chemotherapy for biopsyproven metastatic disease to his lungs. His second course of treatment was complicated by glomerulonephritis from Henoch-Schonlein purpura and a central-catheter-related deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity that required 6 months of anticoagulation. From that point on, he suffered from stage III chronic kidney disease and severe thrombocytopenia.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Asthma: Diagnosis and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux is common among asthmatics. It not only may worsen during an episode of airways obstruction but also may serve as a trigger for such an attack. Both animal and clinical data suggest that gastroesophageal reflux serves as a trigger of bronchospasm, potentiates the bronchomotor response to additional triggers, or both. Patients with reflux-associated asthma may manifest symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, either classic or atypical, but approximately 25% to 30% have clinically silent reflux. Despite the use of inadequate doses of acid-suppressive medicines, clinical trials have documented improvement in respiratory symptoms among asthmatics following the treatment of reflux. Recent trials suggest long-term improvement in respiratory symptoms following antireflux surgery. Selected patients with asthma should be evaluated for gastroesophageal reflux. If it is present, such patients may benefit from aggressive antireflux therapy. (Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:798-803)
Prehospital therapy for acute CHF.

(2003). P REHOSPITAL T HERAPY FOR A CUTE CHF. Prehospital Emergency Care: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 419-419.
Sequence of human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin cDNA: identity of deduced amino acid sequence with human nonsecretory ribonucleases.

Abstract Several clones of human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) cDNA have been isolated from a λgt10 cDNA library prepared from mRNA derived from noninduced HL-60 cells. The amino acid (aa) sequence deduced from the coding sequence of the EDN cDNA is identical to the aa sequence of urinary nonsecretory RNase. Comparison of the aa and/or nucleotide (nt) sequences of EDN and other proteins possessing ribonucleolytic activity, namely bovine seminal RNase, human and rat pancreatic RNases, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and human angiogenin, shows extensive identity at half-cystine residues and at aa of active sites. Differences in aa sequences at the active sites are often the result of single nt changes in the codons. The data presented here support the concept of a RNase gene superfamily containing secretory and nonsecretory RNases, angiogenin, EDN and ECP.
Pseudo-Single-Bunch with Adjustable Frequency

A major limitation of synchrotron light sources is the ability to easily serve two classes of experiments simultaneously, namely brightness or flux-limited experiments and timing experiments. High brightness experiments require filling most of the rf buckets with electrons, thus maximizing the total current while minimizing the current per bunch. In such a multibunch filling pattern, the bunch spacing is typically only a few nanoseconds between electron bunches. On the other hand, timing experiments require longer times between X-ray pulses. For example, in the case of laser-pump X-ray-probe timing experiments, it is desirable to have only one X-ray pulse per laser pulse. Since such lasers operate between kHz and MHz rates, this implies a distance between pulses of ms to μs. Presently, high-speed, high-power choppers are used to temporally isolate light from single bunches. However, such choppers are complicated and expensive.
POSITRON ANNIHILATION IN CONDENSED GASES

The time distributions of positron annihilation in condensed ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, He, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ have been measured. The free positron annihilation lifetime, ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1}$, for each substance shows a gross density dependence within a single phase and across the liquid-solid phase transition. For these materials studied ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1}$ is shorter than that predicted by the spin-averaged cross section for the $1S$ state annihilation pair and varies directly with $\frac{{E}_{i}}{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{e}}$\char22{} the ratio of the first electron ionization potential to the outer shell electron density. Positronium is formed in all these substances. The orthopositronium pickoff lifetime, ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2}$, appears to be sensitive to the liquid-solid phases change in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ but insensitive to the normal-superfluid state transition in He.
Managing energy and server resources in hosting centers

Internet hosting centers serve multiple service sites from a common hardware base. This paper presents the design and implementation of an architecture for resource management in a hosting center operating system, with an emphasis on energy as a driving resource management issue for large server clusters. The goals are to provision server resources for co-hosted services in a way that automatically adapts to offered load, improve the energy efficiency of server clusters by dynamically resizing the active server set, and respond to power supply disruptions or thermal events by degrading service in accordance with negotiated Service Level Agreements (SLAs).Our system is based on an economic approach to managing shared server resources, in which services "bid" for resources as a function of delivered performance. The system continuously monitors load and plans resource allotments by estimating the value of their effects on service performance. A greedy resource allocation algorithm adjusts resource prices to balance supply and demand, allocating resources to their most efficient use. A reconfigurable server switching infrastructure directs request traffic to the servers assigned to each service. Experimental results from a prototype confirm that the system adapts to offered load and resource availability, and can reduce server energy usage by 29% or more for a typical Web workload.
Mechanics of multiple periodic brittle matrix cracks in unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

Abstract A fracture model based on two-dimensional plane stress-strain elasticity theory is developed for the problem of periodic, interacting and regularly spaced matrix cracks in a unidirectional fiber-reinforced brittle matrix composite. The solution is obtained in terms of a hypersingular integral equation. The effects of the fiber reinforcement, and the spacing, the location and the length of cracks on the stress intensity factors at the crack tips and the maximum crack opening displacement in the composite are studied.
Effect of serotonin depletion on 5-HT2A-mediated learning in the rabbit: evidence for constitutive activity of the 5-HT2A receptor in vivo

Associative learning during Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning has been shown to be regulated by 5-HT2A receptors. The existence of inverse agonists that retard learning through an action at the 5-HT2A receptor suggests the existence of constitutive activity at that receptor and that depletion of serotonin should have minimal effects on learning. We examined whether depletion of serotonin would impair trace eyeblink conditioning or the enhancement of conditioning produced by the agonist lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and the retardation of conditioning produced by the inverse agonist MDL11,939. Animals received bilateral intraventricular injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) at doses of 760 or 1,140 μg/side (1.88 or 2.82 μmol/side) and were later exposed to eight daily conditioning sessions. Serotonin depletion produced by the lower dose of 5,7-DHT was 71 and 72% in cortex and hippocampus, respectively, with no change in 5-HT2A receptor density, no effect on learning, and no effect on the ability of LSD to enhance and MDL11,939 to retard learning. The higher dose of 5,7-DHT produced serotonin decreases of 85 and 90% in cortex and hippocampus, respectively, accompanied by a 96% decrease in the density of the serotonin transporter, but no significant effect on learning. Pavlovian trace eyeblink conditioning is regulated predominantly by the constitutive activity of the 5-HT2A receptor rather than by serotonin release onto the receptor during learning. It was suggested that the 5-HT2A receptor regulates learning by modulating the release of dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate, transmitters known to affect eyeblink conditioning.
Lateral Load on a Large Pile Group: A 3D Finite Element Model

Practice shows that the analysis of laterally loaded pile foundations is critically important. For years, numerous experimental, theoretical and numerical investigations have been conducted to predict the behavior of such systems. This paper describes a computational study to investigate large pile-ground system response under lateral load based on 3-dimensional (3D) OpenSees finite element modeling. Primarily, pile group behavior in nonlinear soil with and without a tension-cutoff logic is discussed. Distribution of load within the pile group is analyzed and the group interaction effects are examined. A robust and versatile framework (OpenSeesPL, http://cyclic.ucsd.edu/openseespl/) for computational analysis of pile-ground systems is employed to facilitate the pre- and post-processing phases. Further validation and calibration of the analysis framework may be conducted with the aid of case histories and experimental data.
Lack of significant de novo HLA allosensitization in ventricular assist device recipients transfused with leukoreduced, ABO identical blood products

Ventricular assist devices provide support for a failing heart and often serve as a bridge to transplantation. The use of these devices has also been associated with allosensitization to HLA antigens because of transfusion of blood products. Our program established a protocol mandating the use of leukoreduced, irradiated and ABO identical products, including platelets, in patients receiving initial implantations of VADs as a bridge to transplantation. Recipients were tested for anti-HLA antibodies before VAD implantation and monthly post-implantation by cytotoxicity and solid phase assays. We observed minimal de novo anti-HLA sensitization ( 50%). In conclusion, The use of leukoreduced, irradiated, ABO identical blood products abrogates broad allosensitization in this highly transfused population.
Gordon Tullock and experimental economics

Gordon Tullock’s research has substantially influenced the development of economic science in general and experimental economics in particular. We present the first comprehensive survey of this significant achievement. We show how Tullock’s research in bioeconomics influenced later developments in neuroeconomics and how his pioneering work on rent-seeking generated a literature of laboratory tests of his hypothesis. We also describe Tullock’s own experiments and draw attention to his early insights on trust games.
86 GHz Very Long Baseline Polarimetry of 3C 273 and 3C 279 with the Coordinated Millimeter VLBI Array

Very long baseline polarimetry at 86 GHz probes magnetic field structures within the cores of active galactic nuclei at higher angular resolutions and a spectral octave higher than previously achievable. Observations of 3C 273 and 3C 279 taken in 2000 April with the Coordinated Millimeter VLBI Array have resulted in the first total intensity (Stokes I) and linear polarization VLBI images reported of any source at 86 GHz. These results reveal the 86 GHz electric vector position angles within the jets of 3C 273 and 3C 279 to be orthogonal to each other and the core of 3C 273 to be unpolarized. If this lack of polarization is due to Faraday depolarization alone, the dispersion in rotation measure is 90,000 rad m-2 for the core of 3C 273.
Extrinsic GABAergic innervation of developing neocortical layer 1 in organotypic slice co-cultures.

Afferents from the zona incerta (ZI) of the ventral thalamus contribute to the dense, transient gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic fiber plexus in layer 1 of the developing rodent somatosensory cortex. Incertocortical axons contact the distal apical dendrites of postmigratory cortical pyramidal cells. Although recent work has shown that these GABAergic incertocortical fibers are likely to provide widespread fast synaptic excitation of pyramidal cells in layers 2-6 during peak periods of cortical synaptogenesis, little is known about the mechanisms by which these axons project to the neocortex and are confined to layer 1. Here we characterize organotypic slice co-cultures in which a region of embryonic diencephalon containing the ZI is maintained adjacent to a region of embryonic somatosensory cortex. Diencephalic explants from transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) enabled direct visualization of diencephalocortical connections. Isochronic co-cultures exhibited diencephalocortical fiber ingrowth immunoreactive for both GABA and the presynaptic vesicle-associated protein synaptophysin that was restricted to neocortical layer 1. This pattern of lamina-specific diencephalocortical ingrowth occurred irrespective of placement of the afferent explant, and persisted in the absence of action potential activity and GABA(A) receptor activation. Heterochronic co-cultures containing older cortex demonstrated that the cortical explants remain permissive for lamina-specific ingrowth through the first postnatal week. Organotypic slice cocultures provide a system in which to study the mechanisms underlying the layer 1-specific ingrowth of extrinsic GABAergic inputs to the perinatal neocortex.
Abstract B57: Quantifying the contribution of matrix metalloproteinases to the development of the pre-metastatic niche in the lung and liver microenvironments

The leading cause of cancer mortality is metastasis of a primary tumor to distant organs. It is thought that stromal micro-environmental changes occur at these secondary sites before the arrival of tumor cells, which facilitate future colonization and outgrowth. This occurrence is commonly termed as the formation of the “pre-metastatic niche.” Specific factors altered at pre-metastatic niches have already been described in literature (Nature. 2005 Dec 8;438(7069):820-7). These include VEGFR-1, VLA-4 and Fibronectin. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), known for their involvement in tumor invasion and metastasis, have also been implicated in niche formation. Our goals are to (1) determine the roles of MMPs in generation of the pre-metastatic niche and (2) develop a method of quantification for these niches in the lung utilizing a malignant breast cancer type. In a distant murine LLC-implantation model, we developed immunofluorescent (IF) staining techniques to define pre-metastatic niches within the lung based on the molecules identified by Kaplan et al. Within this same model, qRT-PCR indicated a substantial increase in lung MMP9 (Gelatinase B) gene expression. This led us to reproduce the pre-metastatic niche within a breast cancer model using a time-coursed malignant murine 4T1-GFP implantation model within Balb/c mammary glands. Visualization was again achieved by IF staining of known factors obtained from Kaplan et al. We utilized these models and the clusters formed to create an algorithm for quantifying the pre-metastatic niche. To confirm this algorithm is specific for premetastatic niches in metastatic tumor models, we also implanted 4T1-GFP cells into MMP9 -/- Balb/c mice. These mice result in unorganized protein expression and lack of cluster formation. In addition we utilized a non-metastatic mammary tumor model, 67NR also implanted in Balb/c mice to serve as a negative control for our algorithm. Thus, to confirm the pre-metastatic niche is specific to metastatic tumor models. Eventually, pre-metastatic MMP activity may indicate potential roles and markers for metastatic spread. Further, this algorithm will provide a new quantitative standard for the field. Thus, this algorithm has translational potential as a test for specific drug efficacy. Citation Format: Miranda A. Hallett, E. Ashley Dozier, Joseph T. Roland, Barbara Fingleton. Quantifying the contribution of matrix metalloproteinases to the development of the pre-metastatic niche in the lung and liver microenvironments. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B57. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B57
Hand-assisted versus laparoscopic-assisted colorectal surgery: Practice patterns and clinical outcomes in a minimally-invasive colorectal practice

Laparoscopic assisted (LA) colectomy has significant patient benefits but is technically challenging. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) allows tactile feedback because the surgeon’s hand assists in retraction and dissection. This may decrease the technical difficulty and shorten the learning curve associated with performing laparoscopic colectomy. We investigated the patient selection and short-term clinical outcomes of HALS and LA since the introduction of HALS to our minimally invasive colorectal practice. Prospectively collected data on 258 patients undergoing HALS (n = 109) or LA colectomy (n = 149) during a calendar year (2004) were analyzed. Patient and disease characteristics, operative parameters, and perioperative outcomes were compared. HALS patients were similar to LA patients in age (51 vs. 54 yrs), gender (56 vs. 52% male), body mass index (26 vs. 26 kg/m2), comorbidities (84 vs. 85% with one or more), and diagnosis (83 vs. 80% benign), but differed in incidence of previous surgery (49 vs. 30%; P = 0.008). A significantly greater proportion of HALS patients underwent complex procedures and extensive resections. Conversion rates (15 vs. 11%, P = 0.44), intraoperative complications (4 vs. 1%, P = 0.17), 30-day morbidity (18 vs. 11%, P = 0.12) and surgical reinterventions (2 vs. 1%, P = 0.58) did not differ. Recovery measured by days to flatus was not different [mean (standard deviation) 3(2) vs. 3(2) days, P = 0.26], however HALS patients had longer operative times [276(96) vs. 211(107) minutes P < 0.0001] and 1 day longer stay in hospital [6(3) vs. 5 (3) days, P = 0.0009)]. Patients undergoing HALS underwent more-complex procedures than LA patients but retained the short-term benefits associated with LA colectomy. HALS facilitates expansion of a minimally invasive colectomy practice to include more challenging procedures while maintaining short-term patient benefits.