cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Child maltreatment and problem gambling: a systematic review

Abstract This study systematically reviews research on child maltreatment and risk of gambling problems in adulthood. It also reviews adult problem gamblers’ risk of abusing or neglecting their own children. Multiple database searches were conducted using pre-defined search terms related to gambling and child abuse and neglect. We identified 601 unique references and excluded studies if they did not report original research, or did not specifically measure child maltreatment or gambling. Twelve studies that included multivariable analysis of childhood maltreatment exposure and problem gambling were identified. Six of seven studies examining childhood sexual abuse and four of five examining physical abuse showed a significant positive association between abuse and later gambling problems (odds ratios for sexual abuse 2.01–3.65; physical abuse 2.3–2.8). Both studies examining psychological maltreatment and two of three examining neglect identified positive associations with problem gambling. In most studies, risks were reduced or eliminated when controlling for other mental health disorders. The three studies measuring risk of child abuse and neglect among current problem gamblers suggest an increased risk for child physical abuse and medical conditions indicative of neglect although there is a considerable amount of variation among studies. Child abuse is associated with increased risk of gambling problems – gambling treatment providers should ask about maltreatment history as part of their clinical assessment. Problem gamblers may be more likely to physically abuse or neglect their children, but data here are more limited. Child welfare professionals should consider asking questions about parental gambling when assessing family risk.
Synthesis of a MUC1 Mucin Cyclic Dimer Peptide and Its Antibody Binding Properties as Revealed by STD-NMR

In a previous study we showed that the shortened MUC1 mucin peptide GVTSAPD could bind monoclonal antibody (mAb). We proceeded on to make a cyclic peptide of the same sequence to see if it would be more effective in binding antibody. We were able to synthesize and isolate two different cyclic mucin peptides: 1) a monomer cyclic peptide with sequence GVTSAPD which we did not study due to difficulties in achieving homogeneity, and 2) a dimer cyclic peptide with sequence GVTSAPDGVTSAPD that was successfully isolated and studied. We describe here the results of the dimer cyclic peptide-antibody interactions obtained by Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (STDNMR). The results indicated that the protons of all residues experienced STD effects, notably being more pronounced at Pro, Val, Ala and Asp compared to the linear peptide GVTSAPD. The Pro residue exhibited STD peaks for all its side chain protons with stronger intensity at ProHγ while Ala, Val and Thr are localized to methyl groups.
Person Detection Techniques for an IoT Based Emergency Evacuation Assistance System

Emergency evacuations during disasters minimize loss of lives and injuries. It is not surprising that emergency evacuation preparedness is mandatory for organizations in many jurisdictions. In the case of corporations, this requirement translates to considerable expenses, consisting of construction costs, equipment, recruitment, retention and training. In addition, required regular evacuation drills cause recurring expenses and loss of productivity. Any automation to assist in these drills and in actual evacuations can mean savings of costs, time and lives. Evacuation assistance systems rely on attendance systems that often fall short in accuracy, particularly in environments with lot of "non-swipers" (customers, visitors, etc.,). A critical question to answer in the case of an emergency is "How many people are still in the building?". This number is calculated by comparing the number of people gathered at assembly point to the last known number of people inside the building. An IoT based system can enhance the answer to that question by providing the number of people in the building, provide their last known locations in an automated fashion and even automate the reconciliation process. Our proposed system detects the people in the building automatically using multiple channels such as WiFi and motion detection. Such a system needs the ability to link specific identifiers to persons reliably. In this paper we present our statistics and heuristics based solutions for linking detected identifiers as belonging to an actual persons in a privacy preserving manner using IoT technologies.
Association of Hemolysis with Clinical Manifestations of Sickle Cell Disease

Background: Sickle cell disease shares common complications such as vasculopathy and organ dysfunction involving the heart, the lungs, the liver and the kidneys with other hemolytic conditions. We hypothesized that a hemolytic vasculopathy may underlie some of these complications. Distinguishing whether a complication is due to hemolysis or to the degree of anemia has been a challenge. Methods: A prospective, multicenter study of 310 children and adolescents with sickle cell disease in steady state was conducted. The associations of measures of hemolysis and of hemoglobin concentration with disease complications were assessed. Principle component analysis was used to develop a hemolytic index from the measurements of reticulocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransfersae and total bilirubin. In order to determine the independent associations of hemolysis with the clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease, we computed correlation coefficient of the hemolytic index with these manifestations that controlled for hemoglobin concentration. P values were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results: Hemolysis and hemoglobin had no significant correlation with number of the severe pain episodes, acute chest syndrome and priapism. The hemolytic index correlated with history of stroke (r= 0.19, p=0.026), white blood cell count (r=0.22, p Correlation of clinical outcomes with hemolytic index and hemoglobin concentration in sickle cell cases Conclusion: These observations support the hypothesis that a hemolytic vasculopathy independent of the degree of anemia contributes to the pathogenesis of stroke and pulmonary hypertension and to the development of increased systemic vascular resistance. They also raise the possibility that leukocytosis may in part serve as a predictor of poor outcome by its association with hemolysis. Therapeutic interventions that reduce the rate of hemolysis need to be studied for their potential benefit in decreasing the risk and severity of vasculopathy and the resulting organ damage.
Isometry groups of additive codes over finite fields

When C ⊆ &#x1d53d;n is a linear code over a finite field &#x1d53d;, every linear Hamming isometry of C to itself is the restriction of a linear Hamming isometry of &#x1d53d;n to itself, i.e. a monomial transformation. This is no longer the case for additive codes over non-prime fields. Every monomial transformation mapping C to itself is an additive Hamming isometry, but there may exist additive Hamming isometries that are not monomial transformations. The monomial transformations mapping C to itself form a group rMon(C), and the additive Hamming isometries form a larger group Isom(C): rMon(C) ⊆Isom(C). The main result says that these two subgroups can be as different as possible: for any two subgroups H1 ⊆ H2, subject to some natural necessary conditions, there exists an additive code C such that rMon(C) = H1 and Isom(C) = H2.
Cortical Cholinergic Innervation: Distribution and Source in Monkeys

Cholinergic neurons of the primate basal forebrain, termed the Chl-4 system (18), can be identified by their chromophilia, intensity with which they stain for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and content of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-like immunoreactivity (10, 13, 18, 20). These cholinergic nerve cells are located in the medial septal nucleus (Chl), nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca (dbB) (Ch2), nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) (Ch4), and in laminae around the globuspallidus. Anterograde and retrograde transport studies in primates (e.g., 12, 18, 21, 27) and combined tracing and AChE histochemistry (17) show that these neurons project directly to cortex, and suggest that neurons in Chl, Ch2, and Ch4 provide the major source of cholinergic innervation of the amygdala, hippocampus, and neocortex.
The aging respiratory system

In this review article, the effects of old age on lung structure and function are discussed. Changes in lung morphology and biochemistry are correlated with changes in lung mechanics and gas exchange, as well as with the respiratory system's adaptability to the stresses of exercise and sleep. The effects of aging on the lungs' defense mechanisms are related to pulmonary diseases of the elderly.
Phonon Imaging: Theory and Applications

The subject of this chapter is the propagation of thermal energy through crystalline solids at low temperatures. A remarkable observation is that thermal energy emanating from a point source of heat is strongly channelled into various directions in the crystal. This effect is simply caused by the elastic anisotropy of the crystal and is known as phonon focusing. Over the past several years phonon imaging techniques have been developed which graphically demonstrate phonon focusing and use it to study the scattering of high frequency phonons in crystals. We will review here the experimental methods and the physics learned from such experiments. We begin with a general discussion of ballistic heat propagation in real crystals.
General Topography of the Limbic System

As indicated in the first chapter, the use of the term “rhinencephalon” diminished as it became apparent that the anatomical relationships of these structures with the olfactory system were less prominent than originally thought (Brodal, 1947). Although the initial tendency was to use Broca’s terminology, “limbic lobe,” more recent usage seems to favor the term “limbic system” (e.g., MacLean, 1952). This modern substitution of the term “system” instead of “lobe” is probably the result of the identification of numerous interconnections among the various structures. In fact, the identification of anatomical connections has been the basis for including several additional structures within the so-called limbic system. Although there is no universal agreement as to which structures are to be included in the limbic system, the structures most commonly included are the hippocampus, the cingulate gyrus, the septum, the amygdala, the entorhinal cortex, and parts of the hypothalamus and midbrain.
Work and sleep hours of U.S. Army aviation personnel working reverse cycle.

A one-page questionnaire was administered to 157 aviation personnel from three Army posts to determine when Army aviation personnel work and sleep while on reverse cycle. This project was undertaken as a first step to developing tailor-made fatigue reduction strategies for shift workers in Army aviation. The results indicated that 97.6% of the surveyed aviation personnel had experience working night shift/reverse cycle at some point in their careers, with 69.4% working the night shift within the past 6 months. Of those who had experience working the night shift, 36.2% reported usually working from early in the afternoon to early in the morning, with 52. 2% of personnel returning home by 4:00 a.m.; however, 28.3% arrived home after 8:00 a.m. Almost 62% of the respondents indicated that they did not feel they received adequate daytime sleep some of the time or at all while on reverse cycle/night shift. Research is needed to address the issue of helping aviation personnel sleep during the daylight hours, both for training exercises and for deployment. Once the work/rest schedule for a unit is known, countermeasures such as light therapy or gradual changes in scheduling can be tailored to meet the specific needs of the individual or unit.
Colonization and divergence: phylogeography and population genetics of the Atlantic coast beach mice

Barrier island taxa provide an opportunity to investigate recent evolutionary processes, such as colonization and isolation of recently diverged taxa, and provide important insights into understand...
Trends in Insomnia Diagnosis and Treatment Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 2006-2013.

Abstract Objective Insomnia is an important clinical problem affecting the elderly. We examined trends in insomnia diagnosis and treatment among Medicare beneficiaries over an eight-year period. Methods This was a time-series analysis of Medicare administrative data for years 2006–2013. Insomnia was defined as the presence of at least one claim containing International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), code 307.41, 307.42, 307.49, 327.00, 327.01, 327.09, 780.52, or V69.4 in any given year. Insomnia medications were identified by searching the Part D prescription drug files in each year for barbiturates, benzodiazepines, chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine, nonbenzodiazepine sedative hypnotics, and sedating antidepressants. Results Prevalence of physician-assigned insomnia diagnoses increased from 3.9% in 2006 to 6.2% in 2013. Prevalence of any insomnia medication use ranged from 21.0% in 2006 to 29.6% in 2013 but remained steady. A sharp increase in use of benzodiazepines from 2012–2013 (1.1% to 17.6%) drove up total insomnia medication use for 2013. Prevalence of both insomnia diagnosis and medication use ranged from 3.5% in 2006 to 5.5% in 2013, while prevalence of either insomnia diagnosis or medication use ranged from 22.7% in 2006 to 31.0% in 2013. Conclusion In this large national analysis of Medicare beneficiaries, prevalence of physician-assigned insomnia diagnoses was low but increased over time. Prevalence of insomnia medication use was up to four-times higher than insomnia diagnoses and remained steady over time. Notably, prevalence of benzodiazepine use increased dramatically from 2012–2013 after these medications were included in the Medicare Part D formulary.
Infarct Volume Predicts Hospitalization Costs in Anterior Circulation Large-Vessel Occlusion Stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke, one of the most devastating stroke subtypes, is associated with substantial economic burden. We aimed to identify predictors of increased acute care hospitalization costs associated with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive cost-tracking software was used to calculate acute care hospitalization costs for patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke admitted July 2012 to October 2014. Patient demographics and stroke characteristics were analyzed, including final infarct volume on follow-up neuroimaging. Predictors of hospitalization costs were determined using multivariable linear regression including subgroup cost analyses by treatment technique (endovascular, IV tPA-only, and no reperfusion therapy) and sensitivity analyses incorporating patients initially excluded due to early withdrawal of care. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-one patients (median age, 69 years; interquartile range, 57–80 years; median NIHSS score, 16; interquartile range, 13–21) were included in our primary analysis. Final infarct volume, parenchymal hematoma, baseline NIHSS score, ipsilateral carotid stenosis, age, and obstructive sleep apnea were significant predictors of acute care hospitalization costs. Final infarct volume alone accounted for 20.87% of the total cost variance. Additionally, final infarct volume was consistently the strongest predictor of increased cost in primary, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Final infarct volume was the strongest predictor of increased hospitalization costs in anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke. Acute stroke therapies that reduce final infarct volume may not only improve clinical outcomes but may also prove cost-effective.
Electronic Health Record Adoption and Nurse Reports of Usability and Quality of Care: The Role of Work Environment.

Background Despite evidence suggesting higher quality and safer care in hospitals with comprehensive electronic health record (EHR) systems, factors related to advanced system usability remain largely unknown, particularly among nurses. Little empirical research has examined sociotechnical factors, such as the work environment, that may shape the relationship between advanced EHR adoption and quality of care. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the independent and joint effects of comprehensive EHR adoption and the hospital work environment on nurse reports of EHR usability and nurse-reported quality of care and safety. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of nurse and hospital survey data. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between EHR adoption level, work environment, and a set of EHR usability and quality/safety outcomes. The sample included 12,377 nurses working in 353 hospitals. Results In fully adjusted models, comprehensive EHR adoption was associated with lower odds of nurses reporting poor usability outcomes, such as dissatisfaction with the system (odds ratio [OR]: 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.92). The work environment was associated with all usability outcomes with nurses in better environments being less likely to report negatively. Comprehensive EHRs (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71–0.96) and better work environments (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.42–0.52) were associated with lower odds of nurses reporting fair/poor quality of care, while poor patient safety grade was associated with the work environment (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.46–0.54), but not EHR adoption level. Conclusion Our findings suggest that adoption of a comprehensive EHR is associated with more positive usability ratings and higher quality of care. We also found that—independent of EHR adoption level—the hospital work environment plays a significant role in how nurses evaluate EHR usability and whether EHRs have their intended effects on improving quality and safety of care.
Mouse Model of Thyroid Cancer Progression and Dedifferentiation Driven by STRN-ALK Expression and Loss of p53: Evidence for the Existence of Two Types of Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma.

Background: Thyroid tumor progression from well-differentiated cancer to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) involves step-wise dedifferentiation a...
Intelligent manufacturing systems

The quest for building systems that can function automatically has attracted a lot of attention over the centuries and created continuous research activity. As users of these systems we have never been satisfied; we demand more from the artifacts that are designed and manufactured. The current trend is to build autonomous systems that can adapt to changes in their environment. While there is much to be done before we reach this point it is not possible to separate manufacturing systems from this trend. The desire to achieve fully automated manufacturing systems is here to stay.
New Device Physics of Cross-Gap Electroluminescence in Unipolar-Doped InGaAs/AlAs RTDs

Double barrier resonant tunneling diodes (DBRTDs) exhibit a characteristic negative differential resistance (NDR), which allows for high-speed oscillation and switching; e.g. In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As/AlAs DBRTDs for high-speed oscillation applications [1], [2]. Recently, a cross-gap electroluminescence (EL) phenomenon from InGaAs DBRTDs at room temperature was discovered despite the absence of p-doped layers [3]. This unipolar-doped EL had not been previously reported in the past 40+ years of RTD history. The indispensable holes for the light emission are thought to be produced by interband tunneling through the narrow bandgap of In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As, which is illustrated in Fig. 1. The radiative recombination is thought to occur primarily in the In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As emitter region, and thus the emission spectrum is near the bandgap of In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As (∼1650 nm at 295 K). The EL property combined with high-speed modulation can be utilized for future high-speed optical clocking applications. In this abstract we report a more detailed characterization of unipolar-doped In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As/AlAs DBRTDs to gain a better understanding of the new EL phenomenon.
The Effect of Reflection Rounds on Medical Students’ Empathy

Background: Students’ decline in empathy during medical school raises concerns. Empathic physician-patient interactions positively impact health outcomes and patient satisfaction, while improving job satisfaction and reducing physician burnout. Reflection Rounds may be suitable for maintaining student empathy during training. Hypothesis: Our hypothesis was Reflection Rounds would increase empathy scores of MS3s and results would vary by gender. Methods: MS3s completed the Jefferson Scale of Empathy upon starting and finishing their clerkship. Students in the experimental group attended four 1-hour sessions, led by a clinician and pastoral team member. The control group did not attend sessions. Results: No significant difference in baseline empathy scores was found between the two groups. There was a significant increase in student empathy scores among the experimental group, improving mean score from 114.1 to 116.5, p-value of 0.04. There were no significant changes among the students who did not participate in Reflection Rounds. Differences were found according to gender, with women scoring higher overall than men at baseline and increasing after sessions. Conclusion: These results indicate that Reflection Rounds can improve the empathy of medical students, and warrant further investigation into their effects and utility within medical education.
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on tissue perfusion of ischemic cutaneous flaps in rabbits

Objective The study was designed to explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on tissue perfusion of ischemic cutaneous flaps. Methods Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were used to develop an animal model of a previously validated ischemie flaps. Six of them did not receive HBO therapy and served as control. The HBO regimen consisted of 100% oxygen treatment for 45 min at 0.2 Mpa pressure.Laser Doppler flowmetry and transcutaneous oxymetry were used to assess blood flow, transcutaneous oxygene pressure (tcPo2) and transeutaneous carbon dioxide pressure (tcPco2 ) of flaps immediately after operation, on the 3rd and 7th day postoperatively. Extent of flap necrosis was measured by an image analysis system on the 3rd and 7th day postoperatively, lschemic flap tissues were extracted to analyze vascular count. Results HBO-treated skin flaps demonstrated significantly reduced flap necrosis on the 3rd and 7th day postoperatively when compared with those of corresponding control groups (P ＜ 0.01 ). Statistically significant differences could be seen in blood flow, tcPo2 and tcPco2 between HBO and control groups on the 3rd and 7th day ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).Analysis of ischemic flap tissue extracts indicated a significantly elevated vascular count in HBO group on the 3rd ( p ＜ 0. 05 ) and 7th day ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) when compared with that of the control groap. Conclusions Our study strongly suggested that HBO therapy was beneficial to ischemie flap survival. HBO played a key role in supplying sufficient oxygen, facilitating the release of carbon dioxide ( CO2 ), enhancing neovascularization and ameliorating blood supply for isehemic flap surrival. Key words: Hyperbaric oxygen; Cutaneous flap; Tissue perfusion
Dynamic human MutSα–MutLα complexes compact mismatched DNA

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) corrects errors that occur during DNA replication. In humans, mutations in the proteins MutSα and MutLα that initiate MMR cause Lynch syndrome, the most common hereditary cancer. MutSα surveilles the DNA, and upon recognition of a replication error it undergoes adenosine triphosphate-dependent conformational changes and recruits MutLα. Subsequently, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) activates MutLα to nick the error-containing strand to allow excision and resynthesis. The structure-function properties of these obligate MutSα-MutLα complexes remain mostly unexplored in higher eukaryotes, and models are predominately based on studies of prokaryotic proteins. Here, we utilize atomic force microscopy (AFM) coupled with other methods to reveal time- and concentration-dependent stoichiometries and conformations of assembling human MutSα-MutLα-DNA complexes. We find that they assemble into multimeric complexes comprising three to eight proteins around a mismatch on DNA. On the timescale of a few minutes, these complexes rearrange, folding and compacting the DNA. These observations contrast with dominant models of MMR initiation that envision diffusive MutS-MutL complexes that move away from the mismatch. Our results suggest MutSα localizes MutLα near the mismatch and promotes DNA configurations that could enhance MMR efficiency by facilitating MutLα nicking the DNA at multiple sites around the mismatch. In addition, such complexes may also protect the mismatch region from nucleosome reassembly until repair occurs, and they could potentially remodel adjacent nucleosomes.
Primary angiosarcoma of the ascending aorta presenting with acute coronary syndrome

Abstract Primary cardiac and aortic angiosarcomas are rare and clinically challenging malignant tumors of vascular origin, with >90% arising from the right atrium. Clinical manifestations appear from myocardial ischemia, mass effect, or distant metastases. If origination from the ascending aorta (AAo), angiosarcoma tumors can elude detection by trans-thoracic echocardiogram. We present a case of a 55-year-old male with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and cardiogenic shock, who was found to have primary aortic angiosarcoma of the AAo with multifocal hemorrhagic brain metastases. Aortic angiosarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, and can be difficult to diagnose. Despite complete surgical resection, cardiac and aortic angiosarcomas carry a high mortality rate, often with recurrence and metastases to lungs, bones, and brain. This report highlights an unusual presentation of a rare disease, and the importance of multimodal diagnostic strategies in complex presentations of ACS.
Hated but still human: Metadehumanization leads to greater hostility than metaprejudice:

Metadehumanization, the perception that members of an outgroup dehumanize your group, has been found to exacerbate intergroup conflict by inspiring reciprocal dehumanization of the offending outgro...
A novel sodium signaling complex regulates uterine activity

Depolarization of the myometrial smooth muscle cell (MSMC) resting membrane potential is necessary for the transition of the uterus from a quiescent state to a contractile state. The molecular mechanisms involved in this transition are not completely understood. Here, we report a novel coupled system between the Na+-activated K+ channel (SLO2.1) and the non-selective Na+ leak channel (NALCN) which determines the MSMC membrane potential. We show that SLO2.1 currents are activated by an inward Na+ leak current carried by the NALCN channel leading to MSMC hyperpolarization. These results show an unanticipated role for the Na+ leak currents in activating a negative feedback system countering the excitable effects of Na+ currents. This is a novel role for the NALCN channel in which Na+ acts as an intracellular signaling molecule. In fact, we report here that the net effect of Na+ entry through NALCN channels is a hyperpolarization of the MSMCs plasma membrane because of the activation of SLO2.1 K channel. Importantly, we also report that a decrease in NALCN/SLO2.1 activity triggers both Ca2+ entries through VDCCs, promoting myometrial contraction. Consistently, with a functional coupling, our data show that NALCN and SLO2.1 are in proximity to one another in human MSMCs. We propose that the spatial arrangement of SLO2.1 and NALCN permits these channels to functionally interact in order to regulate human MSMC membrane potential and cell excitability to modulate uterine contractile activity.
Intraoperative micrometastases detection using paired-agent fluorescent imaging: trial-and-error protocol development

The status of lymph node is considered a critical prognostic factor for staging and guiding the future adjuvant treatment in many cancer types. The estimation of undetected micrometastases (0.2-2mm diameter) by conventional pathology was around 30-60% cases which has created a demand for the development of more fast and accurate approaches. In response, a paired-agent imaging approach is presented by employing a control imaging agent to allow rapid, quantitative mapping of microscopic cancer cells in lymph nodes to guide pathology sectioning. To identify the most feasible and effective protocol using this approach to detect micrometastases intraoperatively, swine cervical lymph nodes were used to evaluate the potential of different protocols for the agents to diffuse into and out of intact nodes. Aby-029, an anti-EGFR affibody molecule labeled with IRDye-800CW was used as targeted imaging agent, and the IRDye-700DX carboxylate was used as control agent. The time-course paired-agent fluorescence of whole lymph node were recorded to monitor the uptake and washout kinetics. Subsequently, lymph nodes were frozen-sectioned and imaged under an 85-um resolution fluorescence imaging system (Pearl, LICOR) to confirm equivalence of spatial distribution of both agents in the entire node. After much trial-and error, the intranodal infusion staining and rinsing protocol demonstrated promising results that both imaging agents shown strong correlation with each other in the absence of cancer cells (r=0.99, p<0.001). This methodology indicated the potential of using paired-agent imaging approach to allow rapid and sufficient detection of micrometastases in excised lymph nodes intraoperatively.
Doing more with less: training large DNN models on commodity servers for the masses

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have grown exponentially in complexity and size over the past decade, leaving only the elite who have access to massive datacenter-based resources with the ability to develop and train such models. One of the main challenges for the long tail of researchers who might have access to only limited resources (e.g., a single multi-GPU server) is limited GPU memory capacity compared to model size. The problem is so acute that the memory requirement of training large DNN models can often exceed the aggregate capacity of all available GPUs on commodity servers; this problem only gets worse with the trend of ever-growing model sizes. Current solutions that rely on virtualizing GPU memory (by swapping to/from CPU memory) incur excessive swapping overhead. In this paper, we advocate rethinking how DNN frameworks schedule computation and move data to push the boundaries of training large models efficiently on modest multi-GPU deployments.
Recent Progress in Perovskite Solar Cell: Fabrication, Efficiency, and Stability

The perovskite solar cells (PSC) are believed to have great potential in solar cell industries, since the dramatic power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement in such short time (i.e., from 3.8% in 2009 to 25% up to date). Organolead halide perovskite materials are commonly used in the PSC, such as CH3NH3PbI3. In order to improve the PCE, many methods have been taken, such as doping ions in perovskite materials, charge transporting layer modification, microstructure modification, and utilizing advanced fabrication techniques. Besides PCE, stability is also an important issue in PSC, because the perovskite can be easily decomposed with moisture, UV light, and overheating, which is a big challenge for the commercialization of PSCs. This chapter summarizes the latest progress of PSCs and provides some useful insights for future study.
Diagnostic utility of Behavior Assessment System for Children-3 for children and adolescents with autism

This study examined the accuracy of the Behavior Assessment System for Children-3 for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis using parent (PRS) and teaching rating (TRS) scales. The accuracy of three PRS and TRS derived scores with strong theoretical relationships to ASD (Developmental Social Disorders [DSD], Atypicality [ATP], and Withdrawal [WIT]) and the Autism Probability Index (AUI) was examined. The T scores of 149 children with ASD were compared with typically developing children within similar demographics to assess diagnostic accuracy (i.e., differential validity). The results revealed statistically significant differences for all scales between the group with ASD and the matched group of typically developing children. Sensitivity and specificity were maximized for both the PRS and TRS when DSD, ATP, and WIT scales were greater than 60 and a cut score of on the AUI was set at 55. Overall, sensitivity and specificity indexes associated with these cut scores demonstrated strong diagnostic utility for differentiating the two groups.
COVID-19 Related Rotator Cuff Repair Delay: Did It Influence Outcomes?

ABSTRACT: Background While non-operative treatment is effective for degenerative rotator cuff tears (RCTs), it remains unclear whether the delay created by a trial of non-operative treatment negatively influences the outcome of a subsequent surgical repair. In March, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an involuntary delay in the surgical treatment of rotator cuff disease, creating a natural experiment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and healing of patients who underwent delayed surgical treatment of chronic degenerative RCTs as compared to the non-delayed surgical treatment of RCTs. Methods This was a prospective study of two groups: patients planned to undergo arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) between March 16, 2020 and May 1, 2020—the end of the ban on elective surgery—and patients who underwent RCR starting six weeks after the ban on elective surgery had been lifted. Preoperatively and at six months postoperatively we collected the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (ASES), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. We also obtained Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at six months postoperatively. A power analysis was conducted and assuming a mean±standard deviation ASES score of 93.1±13.9 points and a minimum clinically important difference in ASES score of 27.1 points, 7 patients per group (14 patients total) would be necessary to have 90% chance of finding a difference. Results We included 15 patients within each group and obtained 100% follow-up at six months. In the delay group, the mean ± standard deviation delay was 63±24 days. There were no significant preoperative differences between groups in demographics or tear characteristics. Intra-operatively, there were no differences between groups in repair characteristics. Using a repeated-measures analysis of variance, there were significant pre- vs. postoperative differences in ASES scores (p<0.001), VAS scores (p<0.001), and SST scores (p<0.001), but no differences between groups (p=0.910, 0.519, and 0.852 respectively). On MRI, within the delay group, 58% had healed, while within the control group 85% had healed (p=0.202). Conclusions COVID-19 caused a two-month delay in the operative treatment of RCTs. This delay did not significantly alter patient-reported outcomes. This delay resulted in a 27% difference in MRI healing rates, which was not statistically significant in this small study. Larger studies should be conducted as our results suggest that a delay in treatment may negatively impact healing rates. Level of Evidence Level II;Prospective Cohort Design;Treatment Study
The Relationship between Information Technology and Diversification: Its Implications for Firm Performance

This research examines empirically the relationship between IT and diversification by employing a measure of strategic direction, and the relationship between IT and firm performance as measured by Tobin’s q and ROA by considering intangible benefits of diversification, such as improved coordination and better market orientation that can be leveraged by IT. The results indicate that increased IT spending improves firm performance as measured by Tobin’s q, but not by ROA. It also finds that firms tend to place their strategic emphasis on related diversification with increased IT spending. Overall, this implies that the intangible benefits of diversification are leveraged by IT. By providing a better means of coordination, IT facilitates the coordination of diverse production activities and leads firms to place their strategic emphasis on related diversification, eventually achieving intangible benefits from this diversification.
Ultrafast graphene photodetector for on-chip broadband auto-correlator

We report an integrated graphene photodetector on top of a silicon waveguide with a maximum responsivity of 0.36 A/W and a 3dB high-speed cut-off frequency of 42 GHz. Furthermore, nonlinear photocurrent in graphene under pulse excitation enables direct on-chip characterization of ultrafast pulses.
I-MINDS: an application of multiagent system intelligence to on-line education

In this paper, we introduce I-MINDS (intelligent multiagent infrastructure for distributed system in education), an application based on multiagent system intelligence that enables students to actively participate in a virtual classroom rather than passively listening to lectures in a traditional virtual classroom. I-MINDS agents, equipped with intelligence of their own, and knowledge about other agents in the system, have the ability to collect information from and collaborate with other agents and serve their users (students and teachers alike) behind-the-scene effectively. Rather than being programmed to do a specific job, each agent has the ability to self-configure and learn based on the behavior of its users and its stored experience. To support the communication and collaboration process among the intelligent agents, we developed a hierarchical system that is more flexible and extensible.
Dynamically weighted majority voting for incremental learning and comparison of three boosting based approaches

We have previously introduced Learn++, an ensemble based incremental learning algorithm for acquiring new knowledge from data that later become available, even when such data introduce new classes. In this paper, we describe a modification to this algorithm, where the voting weights of the classifiers are updated dynamically based on the location of the test input in the feature space. The new algorithm provides improved performance, stronger immunity to catastrophic forgetting and finer balance to the stability-plasticity dilemma than its predecessor, particularly when new classes are introduced. The modified algorithm and its performance, as compared to Adaboost.Ml and the original Learn++, on real and benchmark datasets are presented.
The Impact of Financial Restatements on Debt Markets

This paper examines the effect of financial restatements on the firm's source of debt financing, contractual debt covenants and cost of debt, both in the public and the private debt markets. Using a sample of public debt issued, we find evidence of higher treasury-spreads post restatement, which suggests that restatements increase the cost-of-debt. Also, using a sample of private debt issues, we find evidence of higher incidence of financial covenants post restatement, which is consistent with financial theory that firms seek to rebuild their reputation by issuing private debt. We also find support for the idea that the proportion of private debt versus public debt increases post restatements, which is consistent with finance theory that reputation and monitoring benefits are offered in the private debt markets. Overall our results make a unique contribution to the literature concerning financial restatements because we examine the topic in the context of debt markets.
17β-Estradiol rapidly facilitates chemoinvestigation and mounting in castrated male rats

Testosterone and estradiol act synergistically to stimulate male sexual behavior. Previous studies demonstrated that testosterone’s actions are mediated genomically. Attempts to show that estradiol...
The revised Denver Developmental Screening Test: Its accuracy as a screening instrument

This report encompasses 3 studies pertaining to the validity and reliability of theDenver Developmental Screening Test (DDST). On the basis of the first 2 studies the interpretation of the test scores was revised. A third study was then undertaken to cross-validate the revised method of interpretation. Nonprofessional health screening aides tested 2,000 children; the results in 237 were validated by testing with the Revised Bayley Infant Scale or the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Analysis of these data revealed that with the use of a revised method of interpretation, overreferrals were decreased from 21 per cent to 11 per cent and underreferrals increased slightly from 2 per cent to 3 per cent. A total of 186 children varying in age between 1.5 and 76 months were tested with the DDST on two occasions 7 days apart; use of the revised method of interpretation yielded 97 per cent agreement. The health aides were then retrained in the administration and interpretation of the DDST; cross validation of the revised method of interpretation with another sample of 246 children indicated only 3.2 per cent overreferrals and 0.4 per cent underreferrals.
Sodium and strontium extraction by di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate: Mechanisms and equilibria☆

Abstract Extraction of sodium and strontium by di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HA or HDEHP) in benzene was examined over the complete loading range from trace concentration to reagent saturation, i.e., formation of the normal salt NaA (NaDEHP) or SrA2 (Sr(DEHP)2). Trace strontium extraction from 0·50 and 4·00 M NaNO3 by mixtures of HA and its sodium salt, NaA, was examined from zero to 100% NaA. Extraction equilibrium curves (organic vs. aqueous concentration), hydrogen ion and reagent-concentration dependences have been examined in all cases, and, for strontium extraction by mixed HA-NaA, sodium-ion dependence was examined. The data indicate that the reaction for sodium extraction by the acid dimer, (HA)2, is Na+ + 2(HA)2·3HA + H+ up to 25% NaA. Additional sodium extraction results in tetramer destruction to yield the salt NaA. The reaction for strontium extraction by (HA)2 is similar: Sr2+ + SrA2·4HA + 2H+. Also similarly, ultimate loading leads to the salt SrA2. Both these salts are polymerized. Trace strontium extraction by mixed HANaA is most readily described by the equation: Sr2+ + (n/y)(aHA·bNaA)y (1/x)(SrA2·(n − 2))(αHA·βNaA))x + iH+ + jNa+, where the extractant is characterized as a mixed, y-fold polymer containing a fraction of HA and b fraction of NaA. The data indicate that strontium extracts as SrA2·4HA at least up to organic-phase compositions of 40% NaA. At higher NaA concentrations the interpretation is less certain but suggests the extraction of strontium into NaA micelles.
Chiral-symmetry-breaking states and their sensitivity in nonequilibrium chemical systems

Abstract Nonequilibrium symmetry breaking and sensitivity are discussed in the context of the chemistry of chiral molecules. It is shown that systems that break chiral symmetry are so sensitive to small chiral interaction that an interaction energy Eint > 10−15 -10−17kT is sufficient to have strong chiral selectivity. Such energies are within the range of parity violating weak-neutral-current interactions. Chiral interaction energies due to a combination of electric, magnetic, gravitational and centrifugal fields, even when high field strengths are considered, are found to be less than 10−19kT. Plausible chemical systems that involve rhodium catalysts in which weak-neutral-current energies should be high are also briefly discussed.
An Equation of State for the Core of the Earth

Summary Recent shock wave measurements upon the compressibility of iron and eight other metals, at pressures up to five megabars, permit an investigation of the equation of state of the Earth's core. The density of iron at T= 0 at 1.4 megabars (core-mantle boundary pressure) is 11.8. The density at the core boundary is estimated to be between 9–1 and 10.1, depending upon the particular Earth model. The temperature correction is small. The discrepancy can only be resolved by stating that the core is not pure iron, but rather that it contains significant amounts of alloying elements of lower atomic number than iron. The seismic velocity in pure iron at core pressures is also significantly different from the velocity in the core and also indicates the existence of lighter components within the core. A material of mean atomic number 23 in the core is consistent with the shock wave velocity and density measurements and with seismic observations.
Charged droplet experiments

Abstract The velocity and charge of individual charged droplets of oil accelerated through 12 and 13 kv. have been measured. From these measurements, the oil density, and the accelerating potential, computations were made of the charge-to-mass ratio, the mass, and the radius of the droplets. The charge-to-mass ratios were 0.01 to 5 coulombs per kilogram and the droplet radii were 0.1 to 10 microns. The charged oil droplets were produced at the point of a hollow stainless steel needle maintained at a high (12–13 kv.) positive potential. Rayleigh's theory on the instability of charged liquid drops predicts a maximum limit of charge-to-mass ratio as a function of radius above which the drops become unstable. The maximum observed charge-to-mass ratios of the oil drops at any radius were found to lie very close to the theoretical curve predicted by Rayleigh's theory. This limit was about a factor 50 below the field emission limit predicted on the basis of E. W. Muller's work on field emission.
Brief Report: Concurrent Validity of the Leiter-R and KBIT-2 Scales of Nonverbal Intelligence for Children with Autism and Language Impairments

The concurrent validity of the KBIT-2 Nonverbal IQ and Leiter-R Brief IQ was evaluated for two groups of children: those with high functioning autism and those with language impairments without autism. Fifty-three children between the ages of 4 and 13 years of age participated in the study. The correlation between the scales was large (r = .62) and no statistical difference was found between the means. However, large intraindividual differences were found for 11 children who received scores at least 10 points higher on the Leiter-R Brief IQ, 5 of those scored beyond 20 points higher than nonverbal scores on the KBIT-2. Conversely, 11 children scored at least 10 points higher on the KBIT-2 than on the Leiter-R with 4 of those scoring 20 points higher. These findings highlight the importance of using multiple measures when assessing individuals with autism or language disorders.
The Piney Woods School: An Exploration of the Historically Black Boarding School Experience in Shaping Student Achievement, Cultural Esteem, and Collegiate Integration.

This qualitative case study explores the cultural impact the Piney Woods School, a historically Black independent boarding school, had on the social and academic experiences of four of its graduates in attendance at two traditionally White universities. The article discusses the collegiate experiences of four students: Samantha, Ira, Tony, and Bobby. Though their individual collegiate experiences markedly differ from each other, their experiences reflect overall the historically Black boarding school experience as instrumental in shaping student achievement, cultural esteem, and sense of belonging. Studies that explore the secondary school experience, such as the historically Black boarding school, continue to provide other contexts in which to examine how school environment can negatively or positively influence African American students’ achievement in college, particularly at traditionally White colleges and universities.