cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accelerometry is associated with walking mobility, not physical activity, in persons with multiple sclerosis

Accelerometers are seemingly a criterion standard of real-life walking mobility and this is supported by assumptions and empirical data. This application would be strengthened by including objective measures of walking mobility along with a matched control sample for verifying specificity versus generality in accelerometer output. We compared associations among accelerometer output, walking mobility, and physical activity between persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls without a neurological disorder. Sixty-six persons (33 MS, 33 matched controls) completed a battery of questionnaires, performed the six-minute walk (6MW) and timed-up-and-go (TUG), and wore an accelerometer for a 7-day period. After this period, participants completed the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Accelerometer output was significantly correlated with only mobility measures (6MW, ρ=.78; TUG, ρ=-.68) in MS, whereas it correlated with both mobility (6MW, ρ=.58; TUG, ρ=-.49) and physical activity (GLTEQ, ρ=.56; IPAQ, ρ=.53) measures in controls. Regression analysis indicated that only 6MW explained variance in accelerometer output in MS (β=.65, R(2)=.43). These findings support the possibility that accelerometers primarily and specifically measure real-life walking mobility, not physical activity, in persons with MS.
Chlorhexidine Bathing and Health Care–Associated Infections: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Daily bathing of critically ill patients with the broad-spectrum, topical antimicrobial agent chlorhexidine is widely performed and may reduce health care–associated infections. Objective To determine if daily bathing of critically ill patients with chlorhexidine decreases the incidence of health care–associated infections. Design, Setting, and Participants A pragmatic cluster randomized, crossover study of 9340 patients admitted to 5 adult intensive care units of a tertiary medical center in Nashville, Tennessee, from July 2012 through July 2013. Interventions Units performed once-daily bathing of all patients with disposable cloths impregnated with 2% chlorhexidine or nonantimicrobial cloths as a control. Bathing treatments were performed for a 10-week period followed by a 2-week washout period during which patients were bathed with nonantimicrobial disposable cloths, before crossover to the alternate bathing treatment for 10 weeks. Each unit crossed over between bathing assignments 3 times during the study. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary prespecified outcome was a composite of central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and Clostridium difficile infections. Secondary outcomes included rates of clinical cultures that tested positive for multidrug-resistant organisms, blood culture contamination, health care–associated bloodstream infections, and rates of the primary outcome by ICU. Results During the chlorhexidine bathing period, 55 infections occurred: 4 CLABSI, 21 CAUTI, 17 VAP, and 13 C difficile . During the control bathing period, 60 infections occurred: 4 CLABSI, 32 CAUTI, 8 VAP, and 16 C difficile . The primary outcome rate was 2.86 per 1000 patient-days during the chlorhexidine and 2.90 per 1000 patient-days during the control bathing periods (rate difference, −0.04; 95% CI, −1.10 to 1.01; P = .95). After adjusting for baseline variables, no difference between groups in the rate of the primary outcome was detected. Chlorhexidine bathing did not change rates of infection-related secondary outcomes including hospital-acquired bloodstream infections, blood culture contamination, or clinical cultures yielding multidrug-resistant organisms. In a prespecified subgroup analysis, no difference in the primary outcome was detected in any individual intensive care unit. Conclusion and Relevance In this pragmatic trial, daily bathing with chlorhexidine did not reduce the incidence of health care–associated infections including CLABSIs, CAUTIs, VAP, or C difficile . These findings do not support daily bathing of critically ill patients with chlorhexidine. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT02033187
Meeting the challenge of mapping peatlands with remotely sensed data

Abstract. Boreal peatlands play a major role in carbon and water cycling and other global environmental processes but understanding this role is constrained by inconsistent representation of peatlands on, or omission from, many global land cover maps. The comparison of several widely used global and continental-scale databases on peatland distribution with a detailed map for the St. Petersburg region of Russia showed significant under-reporting of peatland area, or even total omission. Analysis of the spatial agreement and disagreement with the detailed regional map indicated that the error of comission (overestimation) was significantly lower than the error of omission (underestimation) which means, that overall, peatlands were correctly classified as such in coarse resolution datasets but a large proportion (74–99%) was overlooked. The coarse map resolution alone caused significant omission of peatlands in the study region. In comparison to categorical maps, continuous field mapping approach utilizing MODIS sensor data showed potential for a greatly improved representation of peatlands on coarse resolution maps. Analysis of spectral signatures of peatlands with different types of surface vegetation suggested that improved mapping of boreal peatlands on categorical maps is feasible. The lower reflectance of treeless peatlands in the near- and shortwave-infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum is consistent with the spectral signature of sphagnum mosses. However, when trees are present, the canopy architecture appears to be more important in defining the overall spectral reflectance of peatlands. A research focus on developing remote sensing methods for boreal peatlands is needed for adequate characterization of their global distribution.
The information systems research cycle

What distinguishes information systems from closely aligned disciplines such as computer science, organizational science, management science, economics, or systems engineering? How does IS research balance the demands of relevance and rigor to make effective contributions to both theory and practice? As senior researchers in IS, the authors have engaged in many debates on these questions and have come to some conclusions about what makes this burgeoning field unique and how to properly plan, execute, and evaluate IS research as well as transition it into practice.
THE INTERACTION OF STREPTOKINASE WITH PLASMINOGEN. II. THE KINETICS OF ACTIVATION.

bovine plasminogen, an ability possessed by neither of the two components alone, has been the basis of the hypothesis that solutions of human plasminogen contain a “proactivator” which, when combined with streptokinase, is capable of activating bovine plasminogen. It was tacitly assumed that the same “activator” was also responsible for the catalytic conversion of human plasminogen when the latter was mixed with streptokinase. The nature of proactivator and its presumed streptokinase complex was for some time a controversial subject in the field, some workers maintaining that proactivator was a separate molecular species distinct from plasminogen (l-3) and others that it was identical with plasminogen or with plasmin (4, 5). In experiments with the use of column chromatography for the fractionation of human plasminogen, proactivator activity invariably was eluted together with plasminogen activity (6, 7). It is important to note that in all these experiments activator activity was tested on bovine plasminogen. In a recent paper, Kline and Fishman (8) convincingly demonstrated that the catalyst responsible for the activation of bovine plasminogen was a human plasmin-streptokinase complex, and thus defined human plasmin as the proactivator for this function. Our experiments have independently led us to the same conclusion (9). In the course of our studies, however, it became evident that the activator responsible for the activation of human plasminogen by streptokinase cannot be identical with the complex operative in the conversion of bovine plasminogen. The agent (Activator I) which catalyzes the conversion of human plasminogen appears to be a complex between streptokinase and Proactivator I, a substance present in variable amounts in solutions of human plasminogen. The present paper analyzes the rates of development of plasmin and of Activator II activity and discusses the nature of Activator I. A method for the quantitative estimation of Proactivator I is presented.
Old burns as source habitats for Lewis's woodpeckers breeding in the black hills of south dakota

Abstract ABSTRACT Crown-burned pine forests are an important breeding habitat for many cavity-nesting birds, and can serve as a source habitat for some woodpecker species. However, it is unclear if this function continues with postburn succession as predators recolonize burned habitats and snag density declines. Lewis's Woodpeckers (Melanerpes lewis) are considered “burn specialists” and are a species of conservation concern. We monitored Lewis's Woodpeckers nesting in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests to determine the source or sink function of old-burn habitats in the Black Hills of South Dakota (study units burned in 1988 and 1991); concurrently, we examined avian and mammalian predator communities within burned and unburned areas. Between 2002 and 2005 we found 55 Lewis's Woodpecker nests, 51 of which were successful. Using adult and juvenile mortality rates for other melanerpine species taken from the literature, we determined that the old-burn habitats we sampled were acting as sources for Le...
Mechanisms involved in the rapid dissipation of plasma epinephrine response to bacterial endotoxin in conscious rats.

Conscious rats treated with bolus endotoxin (ET; 4.0 mg/kg) increased plasma epinephrine (Epi) 48-fold (from 134 +/- 5 to 6,545 +/- 1,607 pg/ml) at 30 min, but by 6 h this elevation was less than 9-fold above control (1,174 +/- 166 pg/ml). In contrast, plasma norepinephrine (NE) elevation (6.5-fold above control) was maintained during the protocol. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the decreased Epi response following ET was due to 1) depletion of adrenal Epi content such that adrenomedullary stimulation would not release Epi, 2) decreased Epi release with direct stimulation, i.e., desensitization of release, or 3) decreased afferent signals generated by ET itself. In these experiments an initial low ET dose (0.5 mg/kg) was followed 3 h later by a second dose of either the same (0.5 mg/kg) or greater (4.0 mg/kg) magnitude. Plasma Epi was elevated following the initial (low) dose but not following the same second (0.5 mg/kg) dose, whereas the second higher dose (4.0 mg/kg) resulted in elevated plasma Epi. This response to high dose was 60% less than that observed with 4.0 mg/kg as an initial dose. Just before the second ET bolus, there was no depletion of adrenal Epi content (P greater than 0.05 saline vs. ET treated), and direct nerve stimulation demonstrated enhanced rather than attenuated Epi release from the adrenal medulla (P less than 0.05 saline vs. ET treated). These results suggest that the decline in Epi following the ET-induced elevation may be mediated by a decrease in the afferent signal that initiates Epi release.
An Approach for Cluster-Based Retrieval of Tests Using Cover-Coefficients

Retrieving relevant test cases is a recurring theme in software validation. We present an approach for cluster-based retrieval of test cases for software validation. The approach uses a probabilistic notion of coverage among line-based test profiles and can potentially discover groups of test cases executing a small number of unique lines. The distribution of lines across test profiles are analyzed to determine the number of clusters and generate a clustering structure without any additional user input. We also propose a novel and simple approach to identify test cases that are affected by software changes based on test profiles. It is shown that the clustering structures generated can be used to select affected tests economically to produce high quality regression test suites. The approach is applied to four unix utility programs from a popular testing benchmark. Our results show that the generated number of clusters and their average sizes closely track their estimates based on test profiles. The retrieval of affected tests using the clustering structure is economical and produces a good quality regression test suite.
Kinetics of AP5 dissociation from NMDA receptors: Evidence for two identical cooperative binding sites

s1. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) channels have two agonist binding sites that have similar binding rates for glutamate. However, it is not known whether the dissociation rates at these two sites, and hence their affinities, are similar. The competitive antagonist, D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5), was used to study dissociation kinetics from NMDA receptors in outside-out patches from cultured hippocampal neurons. 2. Rapid steps from AP5 into NMDA produced currents with a sigmoidal activation time course that was limited by AP5 dissociation. Ensemble average currents were well fitted using kinetic models with two identical, cooperative antagonist binding sites per channel. The results suggest that the two NMDA binding sites have similar affinities, but that occupation of one site reduces the affinity of the other. 3. The agonist and antagonist binding kinetics are consistent with an approximately homogeneous population of NMDA channels in cultured hippocampal neurons.
Diabetes Transition Care From an Inpatient to Outpatient Setting in a Veteran Population: Quality Improvement Pilot Study.

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate a diabetes transition care program in a population of veterans with diabetes by calculating 30-day readmission rates and assessing glycemic control.MethodsHospitalized patients with poorly controlled diabetes were identified to participate in the diabetes transition care program. The program included follow-up through a postdischarge telephone call by the diabetes educator, with an opportunity for a face-to-face clinic visit. A retrospective before-and-after study design was used. Analysis included calculating the readmission rate and the pre- and postintervention A1C rates to evaluate the intervention.ResultsOf the 40 participants, 100% completed the intervention. All 40 participants received a postdischarge telephone call as follow-up, with 20% presenting for a face-to-face visit. The 30-day readmission rate for the cohort was 10%, in comparison to 14.3% for patients who did not receive the intervention but were otherwise comparable. For those who had repe...
The conversion of l-histidine to glutamic acid by liver enzymes.

Edlbacher and Neber (1) showed in 1934 that the liver enzyme named histidase degrades histidine to NH3, formic acid, and an unknown product which on further treatment with strong alkali yields glutamic acid. This led to the suggestion that glutamic acid is a metabolic product of histidine, a suggestion that was supported by the finding that glycogen was formed from histidine about as well as from glutamic acid (2). These findings did not prove that glutamic acid was one of the products of histidine metabolism, and the idea became questionable when the evidence from subsequent investigations with non-isotopic histidine (3), imidazole-N16-histidine (4), and carboxyl-C14-histidine (5) were negative or inconclusive. In studies on the fate of carboxyl-C14-L-histidine in the liver of rabbits after injection and after incubation with guinea pig liver slices, we have found direct evidence that glutamic acid is a major product of histdine metabolism. Another highly radioactive compound was isolated by ion exchange chromatography, whose properties with respect to chromatography and lability to alkali and acid appear to correspond to those reported for isoglutamine. Takeuchi (6) isolated and identified isoglutamine as a product of the action of urocanicase on urocanic acid, which was obtained by the action of another liver enzyme on histidine. The formation of isoglutamine as an intermediate is consistent with our finding that the label in the radioactive glutamic acid formed from carboxyl-C14-histidine is not in the α-carboxyl group, and the inference is very strong that the label is in the γ-carboxyl group.
The Tragedy of the Common Narrative: Re-telling Degradation in the American West

Stories—with a beginning, middle and end, and a moral message, have had a major role in how desertification, and range condition, have been understood on western rangelands in the United States. Stories that attempt to make sense out of vegetation change, whether the bad guy is the self-interested human exploiter or the low-statured ruderal species, take hold in the scientific and public imagination and influence interpretation of policy and management outcomes. The development of policy and management for western grazing lands was shaped by a declensionist narrative of human greed and unrestrained self interest that developed in a parallel and an eventually mutually reinforcing way with a similarly declensionist ecological narrative, creating a story that is deeply embedded in existing institutions for rangelands. This narrative underpins retention of half of the American West in government ownership, how grazing resources are allocated to graziers, and the way that rangeland conditions, including indicators of desertification or degradation, are assessed and monitored. Once such stories take hold, new ideas about ecological dynamics that have a non-linear story and more complex characters have a hard time supplanting or even augmenting old paradigms. This in turn supports policy and management decisions. The reader is warned against charismatic stories–stories encourage and conceal deep-rooted, untested assumptions, simplify complex relationships, and universalize truths that may hold true only in a single time and place.
Remarks on the limitZ 3→0

In Zachariasen’s field theory it is shown that whenZ3=0, the A particle can be considered bound. In the ultra-nonrelativistic limit the theory goes over into a potential theory with the potential singular at the origin.
Multiple Macroheterocyclic Rings

This chapter reviews synthesis, proof of structure, thermodynamic data, reactivity, and uses of crown ether-based phenylene cryptands. Cryptands are often used as hosts for electron-deficient species such as pyridinium, bipyridinium, and ammonium ions. Particular emphasis is given to structural analyses of cryptands and cryptates using X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear Overhauser enhancement NMR spectroscopy (NOESY). Melting point data and chromatographic behavior of cryptands are tabulated.
Individual differences predict low prevalence visual search performance

Critical real-world visual search tasks such as radiology and baggage screening rely on the detection of rare targets. When targets are rare, observers search for a relatively short amount of time and have a high miss rate, a pattern of results known as the low prevalence effect. Attempts to improve the search for rare targets have been unsuccessful or resulted in an increase in detections at the price of more false alarms. As an alternative to improving visual search performance through experimental manipulations, an individual differences approach found that those with higher working memory capacity were better at finding rare targets. We build on the individual differences approach and assess 141 observers’ visual working memory capacity (vWMC), vigilance, attentional control, big five personality traits, and performance in both high and low prevalence search tasks. vWMC, vigilance, attentional control, high prevalence visual search performance, and level of introversion were all significant predictors of low prevalence search accuracy, and together account for more than 50% of the variance in search performance. With the exception of vigilance, these factors are also significant predictors of reaction time; better performance was associated with longer reaction times, suggesting these factors identify observers who maintain relatively high quitting thresholds, even with low target prevalence. Our results suggest that a quick and easy-to-administer battery of tasks can identify observers who are likely to perform well in low prevalence search tasks, and these predictor variables are associated with higher quitting thresholds, leading to higher accuracy.
Cloud Security: A Security Management Perspective

This chapter discusses, on strategic level, security considerations related to moving to the cloud. It starts by discussing common cloud threats with brief explanation of each of them. The next section discusses the detailed differences between the cloud and classical data-center in terms of security. Presented in this chapter, the process of prioritizing assets and threats when moving to the cloud. The chapter explains how to evaluate the risks on each asset and how to prioritize the required spending on the information security budget. The chapter concludes with a discussion of general security consideration for the cloud.
AKAP-mediated feedback control of cAMP gradients in developing hippocampal neurons

A gradient of cAMP in developing hippocampal neurons that is important for axon elongation is shaped by spatial differences in phosphodiesterase localization and is maintained by AKAP-anchored PKA, as revealed by using FRET-based biosensors.
Housing in People’s Life Cycle

As the household passes through the various stages of its life cycle, housing needs, preferences, and capacity to pay change appreciably. To accommodate change, households typically move from one home to another or they make physical or functional alterations of the unit they occupy. With nearly one-sixth of the population now moving to a different address each year, the typical household may reside in as many as seven different places in the course of its life cycle between the ages of 25 and 70. The change may require not more than moving to a new place on the same street or the far more disruptive transfer from Cincinnati to Los Angeles. Longdistance relocation is often called for by job promotion or the search for a better job or, for many of the unemployed, a job pure and simple. Even in these cases, the life cycle plays an important role since relocation is unevenly distributed over the various age groups of the adult population, being concentrated among the young and middle-aged.
Skilled Intuition and Selling Performance: An Abstract

Approximately one in every nine jobs in the United States involves selling. As a result, significant research has focused on identifying determinants of salesperson performance ranging from adaptive selling, customer orientation, emotional intelligence, motivation, to job fit. Our research introduces and tests a new determinant of salesperson performance, skilled intuition. Drawing from naturalistic decision-making research, we define skilled intuition as a heightened ability to make accurate, intuitive judgments based on the pattern-recognition-matching process of environmental cues (i.e., customer cues) to schemas.
Towards a critical theory of disability in social work

The dominant discourse on disability in social work has been that of an individual/medical model, which largely relegates the ‘problem’ of disability to a deficit within the individual. This paper calls for re-visioning disability: notions of disability in social work are contrasted with alternative frameworks, such as social and cultural constructions, materialist and political economy perspectives, and critiques of disciplinary power and the discourses of normalcy and measurement. These alternative conceptualizations drawn from humanities, social sciences, and disability studies can form the foundation of a dynamic critical theory of disability that questions impairment as necessarily a personal tragedy, and asserts that the notion of individual inadequacy is socially reproduced.
Taming Manhattan: Environmental Battles in the Antebellum City

It may be a cliche to say that one person’s trash is another person’s treasure, but only rarely does anyone consider the politics at the boundary between trash and treasure. In Taming Manhattan, Ca...
Adversarial principal component analysis

This paper studies the following question: where should an adversary place an outlier of a given magnitude in order to maximize the error of the subspace estimated by PCA? We give the exact location of this worst possible outlier, and the exact expression of the maximum possible error. Equivalently, we determine the information-theoretic bounds on how much an outlier can tilt a subspace in its direction. This in turn provides universal (worst-case) error bounds for PCA under arbitrary noisy settings. Our results also have several implications on adaptive PCA, online PCA, and rank-one updates. We illustrate our results with a subspace tracking experiment.
Goals and Results

How do people transmit information with natural-language symbols? The literature in philosophy, linguistics, psychology, and artificial intelligence dealing directly or indirectly with this question is substantial. But it provides us only with partial answers based on a wide range of conflicting assumptions. The linguistic analysis presented in this book will clarify the basic issues, and provide a unified perspective of natural-language communication. Ultimately, it will lead to the design of a natural-language communicating robot, or NLC-robot.1
Latticework (Vortex) Cooling Effectiveness: Rotating Channel Experiments

The present investigation provides detailed information concerning the heat transfer coefficients and pressures in latticework (vortex) cooling channels. Two test methods are used to determine the local and overall heat transfer coefficients for a vortex channel with crossing angle of 45-degrees. Both liquid crystal and infrared thermography methods are used on acrylic and metallic models to discern the heat transfer coefficients without and with the effects of internal rib fin effectiveness. Tests with insulating ribs determine the heat transfer on the primary surfaces representing the pressure and suction side walls of an airfoil. Tests with integral metal ribs determine the additional impact of the fin effectiveness provided by the ribs. A simple radial vortex channel design is employed throughout with subchannel aspect ratios near unity, and Reynolds numbers from 20,000 to 100,000. Pressure loss variations through typical vortex channels are also measured. The objectives of this research are to show the detailed development of heat transfer in vortex channels leading to an understanding of the two main effects of turning and fin enhancements. Detailed primary surface heat transfer coefficients average about 1.5 over smooth duct behavior, but reach local values of about 3 immediately after each turn. Pressure distributions show high turning losses on the order of those associated with serpentine 180-degree turn circuits. Local heat transfer coefficient distributions are remarkably uniform throughout the channels excepting the turns themselves. Turn enhancements are retained for relatively long distances. Overall vortex channel heat transfer coefficient enhancement levels are shown to be 2.5 to 3. The effects of subchannel internal ribs, which act as fins, are shown to be very important in the overall thermal picture. Test results show that treatment of the ribs as simple fins is appropriate and that each rib surface has about the same heat transfer coefficient on average as that of the primary surface. This first detailed study shows that latticework channels have significant potential and should be further investigated.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Neutralization Potential of Reclaimed Limestone Residual (RLR)

Mining activities that lead to the exposure of iron pyrite and sulfite minerals associated with coal deposits to air and water result in the problem of acid mine drainage (AMD). In the U.S., AMD and other toxins from abandoned mines have polluted 180,000 acres of reservoirs and lakes, and 12,000 miles of streams and rivers. Acidity is a characteristic of AMD, and due to low pH conditions metals such as iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, and calcium are leached from soil and rock contaminating streams.
Sample Surveys: Survey Design Issues and Strategies

Survey questions appear similar to questions asked in ordinary life, but there are important differences. These differences are illustrated using experiments that have varied the form, wording, or context of questions. The problems presented by these differences preclude taking distributions of answers literally. The focus instead should be on analysis across the categories of other variables like education, across time when the question has been asked more than once, and across a series of related attitude questions. Survey-based experiments can also be employed to clarify the meaning of a question. In addition, the nature of biased wording is discussed.
OBSERVATIONS PLATFORMS | Kites

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 4, pp 1443–1449, © 2003, Elsevier Ltd.
The ethnic migrant inventor effect: Codification and recombination of knowledge across borders

Research Summary Ethnic migrant inventors may differ from locals in terms of the knowledge they bring to host firms. Using a unique dataset of Chinese and Indian herbal patents filed in the United States, we find that an increase in the supply of first‐generation ethnic migrant inventors increases the rate of codification of herbal knowledge at U.S. assignees by 4.5%. Our identification comes from an exogenous shock to the quota of H1B visas and from a list of entities exempted from the shock. We also find that ethnic migrant inventors are more likely to engage in reuse of knowledge previously locked within the cultural context of their home regions, whereas knowledge recombination is more likely to be pursued by teams comprising inventors from other ethnic backgrounds. Managerial Summary Managers and policy makers around the world face a vigorous debate on whether to hire skilled migrants or hire locals. We argue that if western firms stop hiring ethnic migrants, innovation at these firms would suffer in two ways: knowledge transfer and knowledge recombination would both be impeded. We argue and show that skilled ethnic migrants bring to their employers, unique knowledge from the cultural context of their host country. Also, local inventors engage in “knowledge recombination” by combining their existing knowledge to knowledge transferred by migrants. Our empirical results relate to the patenting of Chinese and Indian herbal formulations at western pharmaceutical firms before and after an immigration shock related to the admittance of skilled migrants from these two countries.
Modulus of Fibrous Collagen at the Length Scale of a Cell.

The extracellular matrix provides macroscale structural support to tissues as well as microscale mechanical cues, like stiffness, to the resident cells. As those cues modulate gene expression, proliferation, differentiation, and motility, quantifying the stiffness that cells sense is crucial to understanding cell behavior. Whereas the macroscopic modulus of a collagen network can be measured in uniform extension or shear, quantifying the local stiffness sensed by a cell remains a challenge due to the inhomogeneous and nonlinear nature of the fiber network at the scale of the cell. To address this challenge, we designed an experimental method to measure the modulus of a network of collagen fibers at this scale. We used spherical particles of an active hydrogel (poly N-isopropylacrylamide) that contract when heated, thereby applying local forces to the collagen matrix and mimicking the contractile forces of a cell. After measuring the particles’ bulk modulus and contraction in networks of collagen fibers, we applied a nonlinear model for fibrous materials to compute the modulus of the local region surrounding each particle. We found the modulus at this length scale to be highly heterogeneous, with modulus varying by a factor of 3. In addition, at different values of applied strain, we observed both strain stiffening and strain softening, indicating nonlinearity of the collagen network. Thus, this experimental method quantifies local mechanical properties in a fibrous network at the scale of a cell, while also accounting for inherent nonlinearity.
Regulation When Platforms Are Layered

This paper represents a synthesis and extension of earlier work, applying the Lehr & Sicker (2018a,b) regulatory approach to the layered platform model of Claffy & Clark.3 Today's Internet ecosystem is comprised of multiple digital network platforms organized into a multi-layer architecture. Lower layer IP platforms provided by access and backbone ISPs collectively support the Internet, on which complementors may build higher-layer platforms, such as the digital network platforms provided by Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple ("GAFA"). Each of these firms control and operate multiple platforms operating at multiple layers that comprise ecosystems within the larger Internet ecosystem to which they belong. Herein, we explore the viability of the Lehr & Sicker regulatory framework for a reformed and newly authorized FCC with authority to address the regulatory challenges confronting policymakers in this multi-layered ecosystem.
A Service Member's experience of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Moral Injury (ACT-MI) via telehealth: “Learning to accept my pain and injury by reconnecting with my values and starting to live a meaningful life”

Abstract Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Moral Injury (ACT-MI) has been proposed to help individuals move towards their values in the presence of moral pain. The current case study is the first using ACT-MI and the first telehealth moral injury treatment application. ACT-MI was delivered to a Service Member in his early 30's over twelve (90-min) telehealth individual psychotherapy sessions. The Service Member reported significant changes engaging with his values and moral pain over the course of treatment. He found the intervention to be highly acceptable, particularly in comparison to previously completed trauma-focused treatments. His experience of the intervention, conceptual rationale for ACT-MI, and treatment implications are discussed.
A Value-Oriented Job Scheduling Approach for Power-Constrained and Oversubscribed HPC Systems

In this article, we investigate limitations in the traditional value-based algorithms for a power-constrained HPC system and evaluate their impact on HPC productivity. We expose the trade-off between allocating system-wide power budget uniformly and greedily under different system-wide power constraints in an oversubscribed system. We experimentally demonstrate that, under the tightest power constraint, the mean productivity of the greedy allocation is 38 percent higher than the uniform allocation whereas, under the intermediate power constraint, the uniform allocation has a mean productivity of 6 percent higher than the greedy allocation. We then propose a new algorithm that adapts its behavior to deliver the combined benefits of the two allocation strategies. We design a methodology with online retraining capability to create application-specific power-execution time models for a class of HPC applications. These models are used in predicting the execution time of an application on the available resources at the time of making scheduling decisions in the power-aware algorithms. We evaluate the proposed algorithm using emulation and simulation environments, and show that our adaptive strategy results in improving HPC resource utilization while delivering a mean productivity that is almost the same as the best performing algorithm across various system-wide power constraints.
The Humanbecoming Concept Inventing Model: Hope.

The scholar explores the meaning of the nursing phenomenon of hope as a universal humanuniverse living experience using the humanbecoming concept inventing model. The now-truth of hope surfacing is...
Bouveret’s syndrome and cholecystogastric fistula: a case-report and review of the literature

An exceptionally rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction, Bouveret’s syndrome results from proximal impaction of an ectopic gallstone, enabled by fistulization that aberrantly connects the biliary and luminal gastrointestinal tract, typically a cholecystoduodenal fistula. It occurs with a 2:1 female predominance, most often in the eighth decade of life. Endoscopic treatment is the preferred first-line strategy in management, followed by surgical intervention if unsuccessful. Endoscopy failed to retrieve the stone due to its size, despite attempted lithotripsy, which prompted laparoscopic retrieval. Bouveret’s syndrome compels a high index of suspicion in proximal gastrointestinal obstruction even when presenting in a male a decade younger than the median age of diagnosis (74 years), with no preceding biliary symptoms particularly as early intervention can considerably reduce morbidity and mortality.
Public Service Motivation of Public and Nonprofit Employees: Comparative Analysis of Social Service Providers in a Centralized System

The study adds to the understanding of the motivational differences between two pro-social sectors – public and nonprofit. The study analyzes employees’ responses collected in organizations that pr...
Chapter 7 – Veterinary Care

This chapter will review recommended practices and procedures involved in caring for highly immunodeficient and humanized mice used in cancer research. The most commonly encountered murine pathogens and opportunists will be reviewed, and recommendations for facility infrastructure, husbandry, and health surveillance programs will be summarized. Unique health conditions encountered in humanized and patient-derived tumor xenograft models will be highlighted.
Design and analytical considerations for improving effectiveness of bird surveys that use autonomous sound recorders

(2020). Design and analytical considerations for improving effectiveness of bird surveys that use autonomous sound recorders. Ostrich: Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 271-273.
Institutional and Administrative Controls

In safety and health professions, we typically address safety controls in the context of what risk can be physically “engineered” out, in other words, how do we physically make a workplace safer. This chapter describes how individualized health beliefs can drive safer occupational outcomes. It provides readers with the confidence to be able to discuss the differences between safety culture and safety climate with leadership and personnel. It illustrates ways to identify cues to action for safe work practices. It also provides unique examples of opportunities to “teach up” to leadership and tools to establish strategies for communicating cost and value of programs.
Opinion and Special Articles: Cerebellar ataxia and liver failure complicating IPEX syndrome

Immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is an autoimmune condition caused by mutations in the Forkhead Box P3 ( FOXP3 ) gene, which maps to chromosome Xp11.23 (OMIM #304790).1 It typically presents within the first year of life with watery diarrhea, eczematous dermatitis, and endocrinopathy (most commonly diabetes mellitus).1 Most children have other autoimmune phenomena including Coombs-positive anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and tubular nephropathy.1 Bone marrow transplantation is the only definitive cure for IPEX syndrome.2 Neurologic involvement in IPEX syndrome has not been well characterized in the literature, based on a current Ovid MEDLINE search. Without aggressive immunosuppression or bone marrow transplantation, the majority of affected boys die within the first 1 to 2 years of life from metabolic derangements or sepsis.1 Diagnosis is based on clinical features and whole exome sequencing that reveals a pathogenic FOXP3 variant.1
The Impact of Point-of-Care Hemoglobin A1c Testing on Population Health-Based Onsite Testing Adherence: A Primary-Care Quality Improvement Study:

Background:The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a gold-standard test to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus and has been incorporated into population health performance metrics for quality care. Howeve...
Electrochemical Characterization of Viologen-Functionalized PAMAM Dendrimers at a Pt Disk Microelectrode

A Summary Report to The Electrochemical Society for the 1999 Colin Garfield Fink Summer Research Fellowship.
Structural variation in the temporal lobe predicts learning and retention of non-native speech sounds

Studies of non-native speech sound learning report considerable individual variability in learning new sounds and retaining them in memory. The current study tested whether individual variation in ...
Sources of Controversy in the Law of the Colorado River: An Upper Basin View

As Colorado River Basin representatives begin negotiations for a new or modified set of operating criteria and associated agreements to manage uses of water in the Colorado River system, several long-standing sources of controversy among the basin interests are likely to emerge. This working paper identifies six such potential sources of controversy and provides the background necessary to understand why these issues present challenges to reaching agreement on next steps in basin water management. At base, these disagreements turn on longstanding assumptions about water uses that are no longer tenable from the shrinking water supply.
Stalin and the Fate of Europe: The Postwar Struggle for Sovereignty

The Cold War developed in the ruins of the European continent, and the space between the Soviet Union and the Atlantic Ocean remained the center of US-Soviet competition for the duration of that pr...
An Explanatory Model for Influences of Air Traffic Control Task Parameters on Controller Work Pressure

Data were obtained in an operational air traffic control (ATC) setting from seven (7) FAA Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs) for 65 air space sectors within those centers. Measures used for...
New Dielectric Measurement Data to Determine the Permittivity of Seawater at 1.4313 Hz

This paper describes the new measurements - made in 2010-2011 - of the dielectric constant of seawater at 1.413 GHz using a resonant cavity technique. The purpose of these measurements is to develop an accurate relationship concerning the dependence of the dielectric constant of seawater on temperature and salinity for use by the Aquarius inversion algorithm. Aquarius is a NASA/CONAE satellite mission launched in June of 2011 with the primary mission of measuring global sea surface salinity with a 1.413 GHz radiometer to an accuracy of 0.2 psu. A brass microwave cavity resonant at 1.413 GHz has been used to measure the dielectric constant of seawater. The seawater is introduced into the cavity through a capillary glass tube having an inner diameter of 0.1 mm. The change of resonant frequency and the cavity Q value are used to determine the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of seawater. Measurements are automated with Visual Basic software developed at the George Washington University. In this paper, new results from measurements made since September 2010 will be presented for salinities of 30, 35 and 38 psu with a temperature range of 0 C to 35 C in intervals of 5 C. These measurements are more accurate than earlier measurements made in 2008. The new results will be compared to the Klein-Swift (KS) and Meissner-Wentz (MW) model functions. The importance of an accurate model function will be illustrated by using these model functions to invert the Aquarius brightness temperature to retrieve the salinity values. The salinity values will be compared to co-located in situ data collected by Argo buoys.
Bird Names and Folklore from the Emberá (Chocó) in Darién, Panamá

This paper presents data on names and folklore of birds collected among native speakers of Embera in the moist tropical forests of Darien, Panama. The naming data was collected by systematic elicitation of names from pictorial representations of birds. It is organized here to facilitate analysis of various aspects of folk taxonomy in relation to scientific taxonomy. Folklore about birds collected in natural contexts is also included to indicate the role of birds and their names in symbolic processes that exceed the limits of literal reference.
Spatially variable stage-driven groundwater-surface water interaction inferred from time-frequency analysis of distributed temperature sensing data

[1] Characterization of groundwater-surface water exchange is essential for improving understanding of contaminant transport between aquifers and rivers. Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FODTS) provides rich spatiotemporal datasets for quantitative and qualitative analysis of groundwater-surface water exchange. We demonstrate how time-frequency analysis of FODTS and synchronous river stage time series from the Columbia River adjacent to the Hanford 300-Area, Richland, Washington, provides spatial information on the strength of stage-driven exchange of uranium contaminated groundwater in response to subsurface heterogeneity. Although used in previous studies, the stage-temperature correlation coefficient proved an unreliable indicator of the stage-driven forcing on groundwater discharge in the presence of other factors influencing river water temperature. In contrast, S-transform analysis of the stage and FODTS data definitively identifies the spatial distribution of discharge zones and provided information on the dominant forcing periods (≥2 d) of the complex dam operations driving stage fluctuations and hence groundwater-surface water exchange at the 300-Area.
Examination of Hyperlucent Foci and Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Cardiac Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Background: A number of cardiac patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) at our institution were found to have hyperlucent foci evident on echocardiography. However, the clinical significance of these findings is not known. Methods: To investigate this phenomenon further we undertook a retrospective analysis to determine the prevalence and clinical implications of hyperlucent foci in children supported with VA-ECMO. Results: From January 2002 to September 2009 49 subjects were supported with VA-ECMO. Of these, 12 (24%) were found to have hyperlucent foci. Foci were multifocal in six subjects (50%) and the most common location was left ventricular wall. No association was noted between primary cardiac diagnoses, or for inciting reason for placement on ECMO (extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation vs. transition from cardiopulmonary bypass to ECMO). There was no association between the presence of the foci and death in less than 14 days following decannulation from ECMO, hospital survival 42% versus 43%, P = 0.1. Among subjects who survived at least 14 days after ECMO decannulation hyperlucent foci resolved in 5 of 7. Conclusions: Hyperlucent foci can be seen in children supported by VA-ECMO. They do not portend a poorer prognosis. Among hospital survivors resolution is the norm. (Echocardiography 2011;28:358-362)