cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"Doctor, Why Didn't You Adopt My Baby?" Observant Participation, Care, and the Simultaneous Practice of Medicine and Anthropology.

Medical anthropology has long appreciated the clinical encounter as a rich source of data and a key site for critical inquiry. It is no surprise, then, that a number of physician–anthropologists have used their clinical insights to make important contributions to the field. How does this duality challenge and enhance the moral practice and ethics of care inherent both to ethnography and to medicine? How do bureaucratic and professional obligations of HIPAA and the IRB intersect with aspirations of anthropology to understand human experience and of medicine to heal with compassion? In this paper, I describe my simultaneous fieldwork and clinical practice at an urban women’s jail in the United States. In this setting, being a physician facilitates privileged access to people and spaces within, garners easy trust, and enables an insider perspective more akin to observant participation than participant observation. Through experiences of delivering the infants of incarcerated pregnant women and of being with the mothers as they navigate drug addiction, child custody battles, and re-incarceration, the roles of doctor and anthropologist become mutually constitutive and transformative. Moreover, the dual practice reveals congruities and cracks in each discipline’s ethics of care. Being an anthropologist among informants who may have been patients reworks expectations of care and necessitates ethical practice informed by the dual roles.
Effects of protein level and type of heat treatment of milk formulas on growth and maturation of infants.

Four formulas designed to provide two levels of protein density and sterilized by two different methods (autoclaved and flash sterilized) were assigned to four groups of 27 infants for consumption from birth to 16 weeks of life. In the flash sterilized formulas, corn oil replaced butter fat. The weight gain and anthropometric performance were not significantly different among the various groups. The cholesterol levels in infants receiving formulas with butter fat (autoclaved) were higher than those receiving formulas with corn oil (flash sterilized). Blood urea nitrogen was higher in the infants consuming high-protein formulas. Infants receiving high-protein formulas consumed more calories. The caloric and protein efficiency ratios of low-protein formulas were significantly higher than those of the high-protein formulas, as were the ratios of the low-protein flash sterilized milks in comparison with the low-protein autoclaved ones. This latter difference could be evidence of protein injury resulting from autoclaving in the lower protein formulas.
Inference for the binomial N parameter: A hierarchical Bayes approach

SUMMARY A hierarchical Bayes approach to the problem of estimating N in the binomial distribution is presented. This provides a simple and flexible way of specifying prior information, and also allows a convenient representation of vague prior knowledge. It yields solutions to the problems of interval estimation, prediction and decision making, as well as that of point estimation. The Bayes estimator compares favourably with the best, previously proposed, point estimators in the literature. unknown parameters N and 0. Most of the literature about statistical analysis of this model has focused on point estimation of N, while interval estimation, prediction and decision making have been little considered; see ? 2. I adopt a hierarchical Bayes approach. This provides a simple way of specifying prior information, and also allows a convenient representation of vague prior knowledge using limiting, improper, prior forms. It leads to solutions of the problems of interval estimation, prediction and decision making, as well as that of point estimation. A difficulty with Bayesian analysis of this problem has been the absence of a sufficiently flexible and tractable family of prior distributions, mainly due to the fact that N is an integer. The present approach gets around this by first assuming that N has a Poisson distribution. The resulting hyperparameters are then continuous-valued, and one may use existing results about conjugate and vague priors in better understood settings.
Optical science and engineering--an internationally recognized body of knowledge

Today there is a recognized, integrated body of knowledge that constitutes optical science and engineering. It is an enabling area of science, technology and engineering that has a very significant impact on today's world. The scope of optical science and engineering will be explored to review how it is organized both from the educational point of view as well as the professional standpoint. The impact of national programs and international structures will be examined with some particular comment on the current initiatives in the United States through the Committee on Optical Sciences and Engineering formed under the auspices of the National Research Council whose report should be forthcoming next year.
On the Inversion of Residual Stresses From Surface Displacements

When plastic damage regions are accumulated in a material, there exist residual displacements on the surface of the material after all the loadings are removed. The problem is formulated as a system of integral equations relating the surface displacements to the unknown plastic strains. Determination of the shappe of the damage domain, together with the plastic strains, is a very complicated nonlinear problem. However, the residual stress field in the vicinity of the damage domain is obtained after the equivalent damage domain and the equivalent plastic strains are introduced
A review of HgCdTe infrared detector technology

Mercury-cadmium telluride (HgCdTe or Hg1-xCdxTe) has emerged over the past fifteen years as the most widely applicable infrared quantum detecor material available today. Highly sensitive photoconductors, photodiodes and MIS (metal-insulator-semiconductor) detectors, achieving in many cases background-limited performance, are now being used in or being developed for a wide range of DoD and NASA sensor applications over the 2-30 micrometer spectral range. This paper is a brief review of the basic principles of operation, the performance characteristics, and the state-of-the-art of HgCdTe infrared detectors. Emphasis is placed on HgCdTe photoconduc-tors and photodiodes. The paper is intended to provide basic information to those who are or who will be incorporating HgCdTe detectors into modern infrared sensors and systems.
Investigation of gallium arsenide multilayer structures using a tunnelling microscope combined with a UHV-SEM

Analysis of semiconductor multilayers in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environment is performed using a tunnelling microscope built into a UHV-SEM with an Auger facility. The GaAs (110) surface is investigated with tunnelling spectroscopy and topography. As this cleavage plane is perpendicular to the preferential 〈001〉 growth direction, several material properties along the growth direction can be monitored with atomic resolution. The system is equipped with an interlocked preparation chamber for UHV cleavage of samples and for preparation of tunnelling tips, which subsequently are transferred into the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). The SEM is used to select the sample area for the STM, with a resolution of 25 nm. Examples of results are the tracing of p-n junctions in (Al)GaAs heterostructures and the valence band alignment in GaAs/AlGaAs interfaces. Typically, these results are obtained with a spatial resolution of 1.0–1.5 nm and are compared with results from conventional experiments (luminescence or C–V measurements), which pertain to much larger sample areas. Finally, we discuss recent results on cross-sections of MBE-grown (Al)GaAs multilayers, with atomic resolution in the epitaxial layers and in their interfaces.
State of the Art in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder

This article reviews the most recent studies of the pharmacologic treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Although research continues using randomized controlled trials with a placebo arm as well as active medication, meta-analyses and systematic reviews have revealed that the use of any specific medication or medication class in BPD remains at best uncertain and inconclusive. Studies indicate that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have fallen out of favor, and researchers have turned their attention to the study of mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics. Thus, it is not surprising that trends in prescribing appear to be shifting toward the use of these two classes over the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; yet we remain without any medication that has a specific indication for treatment of BPD or an indication for any symptom that is seen as part of the BPD syndrome.
What Students Say about Their Own Sense of Entitlement

Data from a focus group of undergraduate students confirm that students view themselves as deserving entitled treatment in higher education.
The impact of gate-induced drain leakage current on MOSFET scaling

Significant gate-induced drain leakage current can be detected in thin gate oxide MOSFETs at drain voltages much lower than the junction breakdown voltage. This current is found to be due to the band-to-band tunneling occurring in the deep-depletion layer in the gate-to-drain overlap region. In order to limit the leakage current to 0.1pA/µm, the oxide field in the gate-to-drain overlap region must be limited to 1.9MV/cm. This may set another constraint for the power supply voltage and/or oxide thickness in VLSI MOSFET scaling Device design considerations for minimizing the gate-induced drain leakage current are discussed.
Effects of Full Versus Empty Bladder on Total Equivalent Dose to Organs at Risk in 3D Image-Based Planning of High-Dose-Rate Intracavitary Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer

concurrent docetaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy for cervical cancer patients with adverse risk factors. We began by exploring the feasibility of reducing ovarian toxicity and evaluated the variation of ovarian function in patients with ovarian transposition. Materials/Methods: Sixty-eight patients treated with postoperative IMRT and concurrent docetaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy from 2008-2012 were included. Of these, 28 patients displayed high-risk prognostic factors such as positive pelvic lymph nodes, parametrial involvement, or a positive surgical margin. Forty patients demonstrated intermediate-risk prognostic factors including deep stromal invasion, capillary lymphatic space involvement, or large tumor diameter. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of docetaxel (75 mg/m) and cisplatin (75 mg/m) for two cycles triweekly. Time to locoregional recurrence was defined as time to first evidence of disease recurrence in the clinical target volume (CTV). The acute and late toxicity were scored using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) late radiation morbidity scoring criteria, respectively. Results: The median follow-up was 38 months (rang, 6-77). Thirty-five patients had stage IB, 13 had stage IIA, and 20 had stage IIB disease. The total median length of time of treatment was 38 days (range, 35-50 days). The pelvic IMRT dose was 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. 5 patients (7.4%) had recurrence during the follow-up period. Of those, 3 patients had high-risk prognostic factors and 2 had intermediate-risk prognostic factors. The region of recurrence was in-target in 2 patients (3%) and out-target in 3 patients (4.4%). The sites of out-target were: mediastinal nodes, 1; supraclavicular nodes, 1; liver, 1; Acute Grade 3 gastrointestinal, genitourinary and hematologic toxicity occurred in 2, 1 and 6 patients, respectively. 3 patients (4.4%) suffered from late Grade 3 toxicity. 15 patients experienced ovarian transposition, 12 (80%) of those patients maintained ovarian function. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were 94% and 88.5%. Conclusions: Concurrent docetaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy with postoperative IMRT was safe and well tolerated. The acute and late toxicity are acceptable. The locoregional control rates are good. Although distant metastases continue to be the primary mode of failure, the distant control rates are hopeful. Postoperative IMRT provides an opportunity to preserve endocrine function for patients with ovarian transposition. Author Disclosure: G. Zhang: None. C. Fu: None. F. He: None. Y. Zhang: None. Y. Cheng: None.
On the improbability of algorithmic specified complexity

An event with low probability is unlikely to happen, but events with low probability happen all of the time. This is because many distinct low probability events can have a large combined probability. However, some low probability events can be seen to follow an independent pattern. Algorithmic specified complexity (ASC) measures the degree to which an event is improbable and follows a pattern. We show a bound on the probability of obtaining a particular value of algorithmic specified complexity. Consequently we can say that high ASC objects are improbable.
Sociolinguistic context and second‐language acquisition: acculturation and creativity in Malaysian English

Abstract: Apparent similarities between linguistic processes involved in second-language acquisition and in the nativization of norms in non-native varieties of English have led many researchers to interpret nativization as merely the fossilization at a societal level of an interlanguage of native speaker varieties of English [e.g. Platt, John and Weber, H. (1980) English in Singapore and Malaysia—Status: Features: Functions; and Selinker, L. (1972) International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10, 209–231]. This paper presents evidence to the contrary from the output of one such process, lexical transfer, in the nativization of Malaysian English. The paper presents an historical summary from the colonial era of the sociolinguistic context of Malaysian English, focusing on the domains of English and Malay in Malaysia, and on the relative socioeconomic and political status of Malaysia's major ethnic populations. Analyzed within this context, data presented from English language newspapers and ESL textbooks demonstrate that transfer from Malay to standard Malaysian English does not result from ‘interference’ leading to fossilization. Rather, it is a creative process reflecting a high degree of bilingual proficiency in Malay and English, by which English is acculturated in a sociolinguistic context unique to Malaysia (e.g. ethnicity, identity and status.)
The Electrical and Optical Properties of Amorphous Silicon Alloys by Plasma-Enhanced CVD Method

High and low bandgap amorphous silicon thin film alloys (a-Si:Al, a-Si:Se, a-Si:S, and a-Si:Ga) were prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. It was found that Al and Ga amorphous silicon alloys are low bandgap materials whereas a:SiS and a:SiSe are high bandgap semiconductors. The optical band gap of these systems could be changed from 1.0 eV to 2.0 eV, depending on the alloying element and its concentration in the film. The dark to light conductivity ratio was measured. The elemental content and distribution was analyzed by the SIMS and EPMA techniques. The results show that some of the amorphous silicon alloys studied are promising materials for multi-bandgap photovoltaic devices.
Ethical considerations for pharmacogenomic testing in pediatric clinical care and research.

The information gained from pharmacogenomic testing is becoming increasingly recognized as an opportunity to improve our current dosing strategies for children. The identification of gene polymorphisms that influence drug disposition and effect can be used to help predict a child’s susceptibility to toxicity and/or response to a particular drug or therapeutic regimen. However, the potential consequences of performing genomic ana lysis in children raise important ethical considerations. Although the level of risk introduced remains partially hypothetical, awareness of the ethical concerns and protective legislation will be an important part of fully informing patients, families, clinicians, and researchers about the risks and benefits of pharmacogenomic testing in children. Where it can be done without loss of benefit, risk reduction is a moral imperative, and so the ethical complexities related to pharmacogenomics must be addressed in an ongoing way as we continue to learn more about the value of the technology to children.
Evaluating the Effects of Child Abuse Training on the Attitudes, Knowledge, and Skills of Police Recruits.

The objective of the current study was to assess the effects of mandatory child abuse training on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward abused children and abusive parents among a sample of police recruits. An experimental pretest-posttest design was used in which 81 participants were randomly assigned to experimental conditions and 101 to comparison conditions. Participants in the experimental group received the mandatory child abuse training while those in the comparison did not. Analysis of covariance results suggest that recruits participating in the experimental group acquired more knowledge, developed more skills, and felt more caring and sympathetic toward abusive parents than recruits in the comparison group. These results are discussed relative to the provision of joint child abuse training as part of a police-social work collaboration model.
Pharmacokinetics of [18F]Trovafloxacin in Healthy Human Subjects Studied with Positron Emission Tomography

Tissue pharmacokinetics of trovafloxacin, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, were measured by positron emission tomography (PET) with [ 18 F]trovafloxacin in 16 healthy volunteers (12 men and 4 women). Each subject received a single oral dose of trovafloxacin (200 mg) daily beginning 5 to 8 days before the PET measurements. Approximately 2 h after the final oral dose, the subject was positioned in the gantry of the PET camera, and 1 h later 10 to 20 mCi of [ 18 F]trovafloxacin was infused intravenously over 1 to 2 min. Serial PET images and blood samples were collected for 6 to 8 h, starting at the initiation of the infusion. Drug concentrations were expressed as the percentage of injected dose per gram, and absolute concentrations were estimated by assuming complete absorption of the final oral dose. In most tissues, there was rapid accumulation of the radiolabeled drug, with high levels achieved within 10 min after tracer infusion. Peak concentrations of more than five times the MIC at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC90) for most members of Enterobacteriaceae and anaerobes (>10-fold for most organisms) were achieved in virtually all tissues, and the concentrations remained above this level for more than 6 to 8 h. Particularly high peak concentrations (micrograms per gram; mean 6 standard error of the mean [SEM]) were achieved in the liver (35.06 6 5.89), pancreas (32.36 6 20.18), kidney (27.20 6 10.68), lung (22.51 6 7.11), and spleen (21.77 6 11.33). Plateau concentrations (measured at 2 to 8 h; micrograms per gram; mean 6 SEM) were 3.25 6 0.43 in the myocardium, 7.23 6 0.95 in the lung, 11.29 6 0.75 in the liver, 9.50 6 2.72 in the pancreas, 4.74 6 0.54 in the spleen, 1.32 6 0.09 in the bowel, 4.42 6 0.32 in the kidney, 1.51 6 0.15 in the bone, 2.46 6 0.17 in the muscle, 4.94 6 1.17 in the prostate, and 3.27 6 0.49 in the uterus. In the brain, the concentrations (peak, ;2.63 6 1.49 mg/g; plateau, ;0.91 6 0.15 mg/g) exceeded the MIC90s for such common causes of central nervous system infections as Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90, <0.2 mg/ml), Neisseria meningitidis (MIC90, <0.008 mg/ml), and Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90, <0.03 mg/ml). These PET results suggest that trovafloxacin will be useful in the treatment of a broad range of infections at diverse anatomic sites.
A personal perspective on fracture risk assessment tools

The World Health Organization and the Foundation for Osteoporosis Research and Education have each recently posted fracture risk assessment tools on Web sites. To be most useful, these tools need to provide risk data in a form that is easily used by clinicians as they discuss treatment options with their patients. This article critiques these two tools and offers clinicians suggestions for key elements that should be included in fracture risk reports. Reports based on risk assessment tools need to provide data in a meaningful form that patients can easily grasp. Much more than risk numbers are needed, and, ideally, fracture risk tools should be integrated into bone densitometry reporting or placed into comprehensive, user-friendly, decision aids.
The Two Toxoplasma gondii Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Isozymes Form Heterotetramers

Two isozymes of the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) of the apicomplexan protozoan Toxoplasma gondii are encoded by the single HGPRT gene as a result of differential splicing. Western blotting of total T. gondii protein shows that both isozymes I and II, which differ by 49 amino acids, are expressed. Both form enzymatically active homotetramers when overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The specific activity of HGPRT-I is five times that of HGPRT-II. When both isozymes are co-expressed in E. coli, HGPRT-I.HGPRT-II heterotetramers form. The predominant heterotetramer has enzymatic activity similar to HGPRT-II, and gel filtration chromatography demonstrates that its size is intermediate between the sizes of HGPRT-I and HGPRT-II. Mass spectrometric analysis of cross-linked homo- and heterotetramers reveals species of distinct molecular mass for HGPRT-I, HGPRT-II, and HGPRT-I.HGPRT-II and suggests that the predominant heterotetramer consists of one HGPRT-I subunit and three HGPRT-II subunits. The implications of this finding are discussed.
Oil retention and pressure drop of R1234yf and R134a with POE ISO 32 in suction lines

A quantitative comparison of oil retention and pressure drop characteristics of refrigerants, R1234yf and R134a with POE32 oil in 10.2 mm inside diameter horizontal and vertical suction lines at a saturation temperature of 13°C with 15°C of superheat is presented. High speed videos of the flow were taken to identify the flow regimes as the mass flux was varied. Test results show that for the same system cooling capacity R1234yf and R134a have very similar oil retention; however, the use of R1234yf results in 20% to 30% higher pressure drop. It was also found that inclined suction lines retain more oil than vertical suction lines.
Genome-Wide Association Studies in Nephrology Research

Kidney diseases constitute a serious public health burden worldwide, with substantial associated morbidity and mortality. The role of a genetic contribution to kidney disease is supported by heritability studies of kidney function measures, the presence of monogenic diseases with renal manifestations, and familial aggregation studies of complex kidney diseases, such as chronic kidney disease. Because complex diseases arise from the combination of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors, the identification of underlying genetic susceptibility variants has been challenging. Recently, genome-wide association studies have emerged as a method to conduct searches for such susceptibility variants. They have successfully identified genomic loci that contain variants associated with kidney diseases and measures of kidney function. For example, common variants in the UMOD and PRKAG2 genes are associated with risk of chronic kidney disease; variants in CLDN14 with risk of kidney stone disease; and variants in or near SHROOM3, STC1, LASS2, GCKR, NAT8/ALMS1, TFDP2, DAB2, SLC34A1, VEGFA, FAM122A/PIP5K1B, ATXN2, DACH1, UBE2Q2/FBXO22, and SLC7A9, with differences in glomerular filtration rate. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the genome-wide association study method as it relates to nephrology research and summarize recent findings in the field. Results from genome-wide association studies of renal phenotypes represent a first step toward improving our knowledge about underlying mechanisms of kidney function and disease and ultimately may aid in the improved treatment and prevention of kidney diseases.
Properties of thin magnetic films for microwave applications

The microwave properties of thin magnetic films are described and are compared with ferromagnetic insulators. Consequences of two processes which give rise to some special properties are examined, namely the initial permeability and the gyromagmetic permeability. The specific topics include a comparison of the frequency response of ferrites and films; electromagnetic wave transmission through thin magnetic films, with particular regard to controlling the power flow by changes in permeability; discussion of the limitation imposed by the skin depth to obtain an adequate number of effective spins; potential applications of the initial permeability at microwave frequencies; and, finally, a description of a scheme which, in principle, represents a spin parametric amplifier.
Oral and maxillofacial surgery: The mystery behind the history

Abstract The recognition of oral and maxillofacial surgery as a specialty is relatively new. Therefore, to understand the true history of the specialty one has to trace the development of the procedures encompassed by its scope. This article shows how this scope developed from the early stages in Egypt and Greece to the present time.
Abstract 2601: Neurointerventional Practice Patterns in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Intra-arterial therapy (IAT) is increasingly used to treat acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusions. However, there are minimal consensus guidelines for treatment indications and performance standards. Thus we aimed to gain a better understanding of IAT practice patterns among neurointerventionalists. Methods: An internet-based survey platform (www.iasurvey.net) was launched to address five specific areas of IAT in acute strokes: practice setting, operator background, quality and safety, decision-making and treatment strategies. The survey was distributed electronically to members of the major worldwide neurointerventional societies. Results: Of respondents to date, 67 neurointerventionalists based in North America are included in this analysis: 58% neurologists, 27% radiologists, 15% neurosurgeons. Approximately 81% work in academic setting. Across all institutions, the average yearly volume of IA stroke cases is 52 (median 50). Each neurointerventional radiology (NIR) group consists of an average of 3 attendings, with 94% performing IAT. For 43%, activation of the NIR team is on arrival of the patient to the ED, whereas 18 of the 37 with TeleStroke capabilities are alerted after remote evaluation. IAT decisions are made jointly according to 78%, by the NIR team alone for 13% and by the acute stroke service alone for 9%. The minimum NIHSS score for consideration of IAT ranges from 4-13 (median score 8). Imaging evaluation is with CT/CTA in 85%, and with MRI in 45%. Clinical and imaging selection criteria are used in lieu of time in 40% of anterior circulation strokes and 57% of posterior circulation strokes. Despite the emphasis on imaging selection, there is pronounced variability in the specific criteria always used: noncontrast CT (NCCT) hypodensity Conclusions: We present a comprehensive study examining real-world practice patterns for IAT in acute ischemic stroke patients. While data collection continues, these early results illustrate the significant variation among neurointerventionalists in the use of this treatment modality. Our findings highlight the need for evidence based practice guidelines.
Peptide bond formation via glycine condensation in the gas phase.

Four unique gas phase mechanisms for peptide bond formation between two glycine molecules have been mapped out with quantum mechanical electronic structure methods. Both concerted and stepwise mechanisms, each leading to a cis and trans glycylglycine product (four mechanisms total), were examined with the B3LYP and MP2 methods and Gaussian atomic orbital basis sets as large as aug-cc-pVTZ. Electronic energies of the stationary points along the reaction pathways were also computed with explicitly correlated MP2-F12 and CCSD(T)-F12 methods. The CCSD(T)-F12 computations indicate that the electronic barriers to peptide bond formation are similar for all four mechanisms (ca. 32–39 kcal mol–1 relative to two isolated glycine fragments). The smallest barrier (32 kcal mol–1) is associated with the lone transition state for the concerted mechanism leading to the formation of a trans peptide bond, whereas the largest barrier (39 kcal mol–1) was encountered along the concerted pathway leading to the cis configuratio...
Downward categoricity from a successor inside a good frame

Abstract In the setting of abstract elementary classes (AECs) with amalgamation, Shelah has proven a downward categoricity transfer from categoricity in a successor and Grossberg and VanDieren have established an upward transfer assuming in addition a locality property for Galois types that they called tameness. We further investigate categoricity transfers in tame AECs. We use orthogonality calculus to prove a downward transfer from categoricity in a successor in AECs that have a good frame (a forking-like notion for types of singletons) on an interval of cardinals: Theorem 0.1 Let K be an AEC and let LS ( K ) ≤ λ θ be cardinals. If K has a type-full good [ λ , θ ] -frame and K is categorical in both λ and θ + , then K is categorical in all μ ∈ [ λ , θ ] . We deduce improvements on the threshold of several categoricity transfers that do not mention frames. For example, the threshold in Shelah's transfer can be improved from ℶ ℶ ( 2 LS ( K ) ) + to ℶ ( 2 LS ( K ) ) + assuming that the AEC is LS ( K ) -tame. The successor hypothesis can also be removed from Shelah's result by assuming in addition either that the AEC has primes over sets of the form M ∪ { a } or (using an unpublished claim of Shelah) that the weak generalized continuum hypothesis holds.
Energy performance analysis of variable reflectivity envelope systems for commercial buildings

Abstract This paper evaluates potential energy savings associated with variable reflectivity envelope systems (VRCs) including cool roofs associated the application of coatings that can change their reflective properties over time depending on outdoor conditions and desired controlled strategies. It is well known that static cool roofs can save energy use during cooling periods but may increase energy consumption during swing or heating seasons due to lower beneficial heat gains. In the analysis, a two-step control strategy is considered to modify the properties of the cool roof coatings based on the temperature difference between internal and external roof surfaces. Using a simulation environment capable of modeling variable properties of outer surface of building envelope, a comparative analysis is carried out to evaluate the impact of VRCs on the heating and cooling energy end-uses for commercial buildings in four US climates. It is observed that VRCs can save heating energy use compared to static cool roofs for all four US climates for both commercial buildings. In particular, it is found that VRCs have the potential to reduce annual energy use in commercial buildings up to 11% compared to the static cool roofs.
Geochemical Characters of the Tight Sandstone Gas from Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba Gas Field and Its Gas Source

Unconventional oil and gas reservoirs are those that cannot use conventional methods and technical means for exploration and development under current economic and technological conditions.The gas reservoirs of Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba Gas Field belong to tight sandstone gas reservoirs.Geochemical data of 20gas samples from 14wells of Xujiahe Formation are analyzed for main gas component,gas dryness coefficient and so on in the Yuanba Gas Field.The tight sandstone gas of Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba Gas Field is dominated by methane with content up to 98.39%.The dryness coefficient is basically more than 0.97for the dry gas with high thermal maturity.δ13C1values of gas samples in the study area are lower than-30‰,while the majority of the samples is characterized by positive carbon isotope series.In addition to the biogenic origin,the Xujiahe tight sandstone gas mainly consists of self-sourced coal-derived gas and other-sourced oil-associated gas.Secondary alteration has greater influences on oil-associated gases.Gas samples in the study area normally have R/Ra values varying from 0.01to 0.02.The crust origin helium indicates that tight sandstone gas reservoirs of the study area are mainly located in the tectonically stable area.The widely distributed coal series and dark muddy rocks in the Xujiahe Formation are the main source of coal-associated alkane gas.Part of the tight sandstone gas in the Xujiahe Formation is oil-derived alkane gas,therefore it infers that its existence may be from the underlying strata of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation.
PTH-223 Evaluation of bioelectrical impedance testing in hospital in-patients

Introduction Assessment of nutritional status in the clinical setting is difficult and often poorly achieved. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived phase angle (PA) is a simple and non-invasive tool which refines the determination of nutritional status, reflects body cell health, and has prognostic value. However BIA is not much used in clinical practice because of protocols which oblige the patient to be starved and on bed-rest. The research underpinning these protocols is dated and insecure; thus the restrictions may not be necessary. Method Aim To determine whether eating and exercise affect BIA-derived Phase Angle. Methods BIA measurements (Bodystat Quadscan 4000) were made on 17 in-patients who were starved and rested. It was then repeated on two occasions: following exertion and after eating breakfast. Inclusion Criteria – Adult in-patients with capacity to consent. Exclusion Criteria – Nil by mouth, pregnancy, too unwell or otherwise unable to exercise. Statistical analysis SPSS: Wilcoxon signed-rank test for non-parametric data. Results PA measurements were typical of a hospital patient cohort. Neither exercise nor eating made a statistically nor clinically significant difference to the PA mean PA= 4.312, mean PA= 4.376, (pre-exercise and food vs. post-exercise: p = 0.057), mean PA= 4.335 (pre-exercise and food vs. after food: p = 0.651) Conclusion In summary, the current protocols of starving and resting patients appear unnecessary and outdated (with due recognition of our small sample size). It is probable that PA measurement is a practical means to improve assessment of nutritional status in hospitalised patients. Disclosure of interest None Declared.
Executory Contracts and Chapter 11 Restructuring Incentives

Chapter 11 bankruptcy provides firms with broad latitude to reject certain executory contracts, which are contracts whose terms have not been fully executed. We focus on the impact of this feature of the Bankruptcy Code by examining one of the most common executory contracts, operating leases. Our sample consists of large, public companies that file for Chapter 11 or undergo a distressed restructuring outside of court between 1991 and 2004. We find that firms with relatively high levels of leased assets are more likely to file for Chapter 11 than to restructure out of court and that firms in Chapter 11 frequently exercise the option contained in the Bankruptcy Code to "put" unwanted leases back to lessors, suggesting that this feature of the Bankruptcy Code can have a substantial impact on the behavior of distressed firms. The magnitude of lease reductions is greater than that of asset sales over the Chapter 11 period. Finally, we find that firms tend to reduce leases more during periods where asset values are likely to be low, thus possibly mitigating some of the asset fire sale problem in bankruptcy.
The Apostolic Visitation and the Rhetoric of the “Good Nun”: Identity Norms in Discourse Representing American Catholic Sisters

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes representations of American Catholic sisters in discourse surrounding the Vatican’s recent and controversial Apostolic Visitation, with an eye to how identity norms for women can be masked in rhetorical choices and unveiled through rhetorical analysis. The Visitation was driven partly by fears of feminism’s influence on American Catholic sisters, and it prompted passionate responses from women rhetors regarding the role of faithful sisters in America today. These responses are undergirded by contrasting identity norms for women: whereas Visitation supporters’ discourse relies on and reinforces an Aristotelian norm of obedience, Visitation critics’ discourse relies on and establishes an alternative norm of personal conscience. Combining insights from constitutive rhetoric and sociolinguistics, this study offers a framework for systematically analyzing how language constitutes standards for legitimately enacting identity, with a particular focus on women. Rhetoricians analyzing...
Accomplishing simple, solubility-based separations of rare earth elements with complexes bearing size-sensitive molecular apertures

Rare earth (RE) metals are critical components of electronic materials and permanent magnets. Recycling of consumer materials is a promising new source of rare REs. To incentivize recycling, there is a clear need for the development of simple methods for targeted separations of mixtures of RE metal salts. Metal complexes of a tripodal hydroxylaminato ligand, TriNOx 3– , featured a size-sensitive aperture formed of its three η 2 -( N , O ) ligand arms. Exposure of cations in the aperture induced a self-associative equilibrium comprising RE(TriNOx)THF and [RE(TriNOx)] 2 species. Differences in the equilibrium constants K dimer for early and late metals enabled simple separations through leaching. Separations were performed on RE1/RE2 mixtures, where RE1 = La–Sm and RE2 = Gd–Lu, with emphasis on Eu/Y separations for potential applications in the recycling of phosphor waste from compact fluorescent light bulbs. Using the leaching method, separations factors approaching 2,000 were obtained for early–late RE combinations. Following solvent optimization, >95% pure samples of Eu were obtained with a 67% recovery for the technologically relevant Eu/Y separation.
“LEAKY” MEMBRANE CAUSES WEAKNESS IN DYSTROPHIC SOLEUS FIBERS

This chapter describes the effect of “leaky” membrane on dystrophic soleus fibers. The first evidence of membrane leakage comes from the study of K + fluxes with whole muscles of 129/ReJ-dy mice. Using intraperitoneal1y injected K 42 Cl, it was demonstrated that K + efflux was greater in isolated dystrophic extensor digitorum longus than normal. It was implied that there was an enhancement in permeability of the dystrophic muscle membrane to K + , although the study gave no information on permeability per unit surface area. Subsequently, with “cable” property measurements, it was showed that dystrophic soleus fibers exhibited lower “input” resistance and lower specific membrane resistance than normal. Because the specific membrane resistance or the resistance per unit area of the sarcolemma, is reduced, one can expect a run-down of the concentration gradients of the major ions such as K + , Na + , C1 − , and Ca 2+ in dystrophic myofibers. Thus, it has been demonstrated that dystrophic muscle fibers have at rest, lower concentration of K + and higher concentrations of Na + , Ca 2+ , and C1 − than normal. The chapter also discusses the consequences of the reduction of the individual ionic concentration gradients.
An enhanced continuum damage mechanics model for crash simulation of composites

Abstract The ability to accurately predict the crashworthiness performance is crucial to the use of composites in the primary energy absorbing structures in vehicles. Such predictions require material models that consider not only the initial failure but also the responses of severely damaged composites. The latter requirement exceeds the boundary of any existing physics based models. To address this problem, an enhanced continuum damage mechanics (ECDM) model has been developed. ECDM employs two sub-models, i.e. a pre-failure model and a post-failure model, to describe the stress–strain behavior in the pre-peak and post-peak regions. This setup allows one to consider the growth of damage and irreversible strains in the two regions under different evolution laws corresponding to different damage/deformation mechanisms. The ECDM model was evaluated in quasi-static and dynamic tube crash simulations of triaxial braided composites. The results show that the irreversible strains and residual stiffness are critical to the energy absorption prediction of composites. The ECDM model provides much improved correlations with the experimental results than the existing models.
Gridded estimates of CO 2 emissions: uncertainty as a function of grid size

A crucial aspect of constructing a gridded model of anthropogenic fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions involves careful consideration of uncertainty. Both the spatial resolution of the emissions estimates (grid scale) and the selection of proxy data to represent the spatial distribution of emissions, plus the quality of data on point sources of emissions, have important impacts on uncertainty. In earlier papers, we explored the uncertainties associated with grid selection and the available data on large point sources. In this work CO2 emissions data are spatially distributed using population density as the selected proxy, using three different treatments of large point sources, and with five levels of grid resolution (1o, 2o, 3o, 4o, and 5o). The methods of calculating uncertainty associated with grid size, proxy selection, and reported point-source emissions data are presented, with particular attention being drawn to grid size selection. We find that as the resolution becomes coarser, relative uncertainty (total uncertainty as a percentage of total emissions) at the grid cell level decreases. Relative uncertainty in most grid cells decreases as the portion of emissions attributed to specific point sources increases. Good data on large point sources is very important for spatially explicit emissions inventories.
Specification of Finite Effect Algebras

We study and relate five basic methods for specifying or describing a finite effectalgebra, indicate some computational algorithms for dealing with effect algebrasso specified, and mention in passing some open questions that await solution.
For All Practical Purposes: An Introduction to Contemporary Mathematics. By COMAP

(1989). For All Practical Purposes: An Introduction to Contemporary Mathematics. By COMAP. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 96, No. 5, pp. 465-467.
An Exergy Study of Cowper Stove Operations with an Iron Blast Furnace

This study examines the operations of the Cowper stoves attached to an iron blast furnace from a Second Law perspective. The exergetic efficiency of a 3-stove system operating at cyclic steady state is determined using a model accounting for the thermal, mechanical, and chemical flow exergies of the top gas and blast air, as well as the thermal exergy stored and released in the stoves. The analysis covers the heating and mixing of blast gas in one on-blast stove, and the combustion of top gas and its use to heat two on-gas stoves. The effect of different cycle times, and blast furnace operating conditions on the exergetic efficiency of the cycle is examined, and the optimal cycle time for different blast temperatures found. In addition, a study of the combustion parameters quantifies the advantages of using enriched oxygen in the combustors.
WHAT IS THE ROLE FOR SURGERY IN THIS MIDDLE-AGED MAN PRESENTING WITH SEVERE HYPOXEMIA AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE?

Repair of atrial septal defects (ASD) after the development of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and shunt reversal is contraindicated. However, there is controversy regarding surgical repair after successful treatment of PAH with pulmonary vasodilators. A 39-year-old man with 1 year of
A Start-Up's Long Journey [Entrepreneur Viewpoint]

Discusses the formation and success achieved by Qing-Chang Zhong, founder of Syndem (a conjoining of the terms synchronized and democratized), which plans to offer a solution to power systems that are going through a paradigm change from a centralized regulation system to a democratized interaction system. With millions of distributed generators and loads connected to the power grid, which continues to rapidly grow, there is a stability issue. Different people are looking at and addressing this problem in various ways. I started focusing more closely on it in 2001. The result was the development of three generations of virtual synchronous machines (VSMs), with the first generation called the synchronverter, a basic and conceptual implementation of the VSM. However, converting this lab curiosity into a real-world solution to harmonize power systems was not easy.
The Possible Nature of Sleep Inducing Brain Perfusates: Their Relationship to Seizure Inhibition

The search for a relationship between a particular neurotransmitter and a certain type of behavior has become somewhat of a scientific vogue. Yet, despite the vast literature on the subject and despite some direct demonstrations that neurohumors are released as a result of synaptic activity or nerve function (McLennan, 1964; Baldessarini and Kopin, 1966; Szerb, 1967; Yaksh and Myers, 1972), there is little evidence showing that a particular behavior or behavioral component is induced as a result of a neurohumor acting locally at a brain site. As Kety (1967) has suggested)when we come to behavioral-neurohumoral relationships, we find that most of the evidence depends on indirect pharmacological studies, whose drawbacks are many, with perhaps the most important one being related to the multiplicity of effects induced by any one drug.
Preliterate Mentality and the Unity of Self

Western culture is informed by a premise that unity of self is fundamental to the normal state of mind. Any intrusion into this unity, a fragmentation, or a merging of the selves of more than one individual would be regarded as an obviously abnormal or extraordinary situation. One’s thoughts, feelings, and actions under normal conditions are perceived as one’s own. One experiences one’s self as an individual with a sense of will, personality, and personal identity. This sense of unity is consistent over time, that is, one thinks of one’s self as the same individual throughout one’s lifetime. Finally, one experiences one’s self as an individual, a personal entity separate from external objects.*
Application of Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration in Critical-Sized Defects

To discuss tissue bioengineering for critical-sized bone defects. To review the current stem cells that are in use and to describe the importance of an animal model for studying critical-sized bone defects. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well investigated. Recently, other sources of MSCs have been identified and studied in critical-sized bone defects. As for animal models, several have been used to evaluate the use of stem cells in promoting regeneration in critical-sized bone defects. This review specifically focuses on one of the most widely used and accepted models, the rodent calvarium. Stem cell therapy is promising for bone regeneration, especially for critical-sized bone defects. Additional studies are needed to better understand both the properties and mechanisms of the different types of stem cells, and to develop animal models that mimic human biology.
Biphenotypic plasma cell myeloma

![Figure][1] A 69-year-old man with a history of chronic renal failure was evaluated for plasma cell neoplasm and was found to have elevated serum free λ (2845 mg/L; normal, 5-26 mg/L) and κ (127 mg/L; normal, 3-19 mg/L) light chains with a free κ:λ ratio of 0.04 (normal, 0.3-1.7). He had