cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Patient Safety in the Cardiac Operating Room: Doing the Right Thing the Right Way, Every Time

The past 5 decades have seen an incredible advance in cardiac surgery knowledge, techniques, equipment, skill sets, and outcomes. Even as our average cardiac surgery patient becomes older with more significant cardiac disease and medical comorbidities, mortality continues to decrease. However, many of the deaths that do occur have been shown to be preventable. These preventable deaths are more often due to non-technical errors, such as communication failures, distractions, and disruptions, than to a failure of technical skill or knowledge. Further improvements in patient outcome require optimizing team performance, in both what the team does (evidence-based best practices) and how they do it (optimizing team performance, reduction of error, improved tools and technologies). Interventions such as formal team training, checklists, briefings and debriefings, cognitive aids, and handover tools have been shown to decrease disruptions and reduce patient mortality. Optimizing team performance will require adoption of a just culture, where errors are not met with “blame and shame” but as due to system hazards to be resolved, but where personal accountability is also present. The journey to habitual excellence should not be viewed as a draconian elimination of human error, but one of continuous optimization of team performance.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Clean Surgery: Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Noncardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Herniorrhaphy, and Mastectomy

Studies published in the English-language literature on the use of prophylactic systemic antibiotics in vascular surgery, noncardiovascular thoracic surgery, mastectomy, and herniorrhaphy were reviewed. The effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing deep and superficial wound infections in peripheral vascular surgery appears to be well documented, especially if prophylaxis is directed against Staphylococcus aureus. In clean thoracic surgery the evidence is equivocal, and no studies have sufficient statistical power to eliminate the possibility even of a 50% reduction in incidence. In herniorrhaphy and mastectomy some evidence from a much more powerful study suggests that antibiotic prophylaxis may result in a decrease of up to 50% in wound infections, but whether these data can be generalized uncritically to all clean wounds is still a matter of debate. Accordingly, only guarded recommendations can be made regarding the use of prophylactic antibiotics in procedures associated with a very low risk of serious infection.
A national survey of adult asthma prevalence by urban-rural residence U.S. 2005.

Objectives. We analyzed national data to estimate asthma prevalence among U.S. adults by urban-rural residence and to determine the relative contributions of sociodemographic and health behavior characteristics on the probability of reporting asthma. Methods. We linked the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to Urban Influence Codes (UICs), categorizing respondents into four urban-rural groups: metropolitan, adjacent metropolitan, micropolitan, and remote. BRFSS collects health data from all 50 states. UICs classify respondent's county as urban or rural based on population size and proximity to metropolitan areas. We calculated asthma prevalence estimates and generated odds ratios (ORs) for the probability of reporting asthma. Results. Overall asthma prevalence (7.9%; 95%CI = 7.73–8.08) was not statistically different (p = 0.28) by urban-rural residence. After adjusting for selected characteristics, adjacent metropolitan (OR = 0.96; 95%CI = 0.90–1.02) and remote (OR = 0.95; 95%CI = 0.8...
Characterization of interactions involving anti-metatype antibodies and immune complexes.

Abstract Immunizations of high affinity anti-fluorescein monoclonal antibody 4-4-20 affinity labeled with fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate into a rabbit elicited antibodies specific for the liganded conformation of 4-4-20 (termed “anti-metatype” antibodies). Reaction of liganded 4-4-20 with anti-metatype antibodies caused significant delay (up to 23-fold) in the rate of dissociation of fluorescein ligand from the active site. In this study, structural analogues of fluorescein, including fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate, fluorescein 6-isothiocyanate, 5-dichlorotriazinyl aminofluorescein and 5-carboxyfluorescein, were bound by monoclonal antibody 4-4-20 and anti-metatype antibody reactivity was observed through delay in the dissociation rate of ligand from Mab 4-4-20. Significant delays (ranging from 5- to 242-fold) were observed for all structural analogues examined indicating that 4-4-20 maintained similar but not necessarily identical conformations upon binding fluorescein structural analogues. Additionally, fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate and fluorescein 6-isothiocyanate were conjugated to carrier molecules of increasing mol. wt (ranging from 225 to 14,600 D) in an attempt to sterically interfere with “metatopes” at the mouth of the active site and localize regions of anti-metatype antibody binding. These fluorescein-conjugated compounds were reacted with 4-4-20, and binding of anti-metatype antibodies delayed dissocation rates from 24- to >500-fold. These results indicated that the mechanism whereby anti-metatype antibodies delay the release of fluorescyl ligands from the active site probably does not solely involve steric hindrance of the ligand due to binding of anti-metatype antibodies at the mouth of the active site. Studies with 4-4-20 Fab fragments and a single chain derivative of 4-4-20 (consisting of the variable regions tethered by a 14 amino acid linker) indicated that anti-metatype reactivity was specific for the immunoglobulin variable region.
Pharmacological, hematological, and physiological effects of a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (CGS-13080) during cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs☆

Abstract The hematological and pharmacological effects of a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, CGS-13080 (imidazo[1,5-α]pyridine-5-hexanoic acid), were investigated during cardiopulmonary bypass in a blinded, randomized manner in dogs. Compared with placebo, CGS-13080 suppressed thrombin-stimulated platelet thromboxane B 2 production by 90% during cardiopulmonary bypass ( p 1α levels significantly increased over time ( p 2 per platelet following in vitro thrombin stimulation ( r = .5, p r = .18, p > .10) in the CGS-13080-treated group. No adverse hemodynamic or other effects attributable to CGS-13080 occurred during or immediately following cardiopulmonary bypass. These results suggest that CGS-13080 is an effective inhibitor of thromboxane B 2 production during cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs and has no adverse physiological effects.
Failure of Exogenous Androgen to Prevent Regression of the Initial Segments of the Rat Epididymis after Efferent Duct Ligation or Orchidectomy

This investigation was undertaken to explore further the dependence of the initial segments of the epididymis upon substances in the testicular fluid. The experimental groups consisted of rats castrated, rats with ligated ductuli efferentes and sham operated controls. The epdidymides were examined by light and electron microscopy 3 and 6 weeks postoperatively. The initial segments of the duct in both ligated and castrated animals exhibited 1) striking decrease in duct diameter and epithelial height, 2) a marked decrease in endoplasmic reticulum in the apical cytoplasm, 3) evidence of diminished activity of the Golgi complex, but 4) persistence of fluid uptake by pinocytosis. Daily administration of 500 pg testosterone proprionate beginning on the first postoperative day maintained the accessory gland weights at normal or supranormal values, but was ineffective in preventing the cytological regression of the initial segments of the caput epididymidis. In an effort to achieve levels of androgen in the blood comparable to those normally found in the rete testis fluid, castrated and ligated rats were implanted s.c. with 30 cm of Silastic tubing containing testosterone, each estimated to release 4 mg/day (Berndtson et al., 1974). Plasma testosterone levels when the rats were killed were 8-10 times normal. Despite these high levels of circulating androgen, cytological dedifferentiation of the initial segments was not prevented. More distal segments of the duct were essentially normal in dimensions and appearance. It is concluded that the initial segments of the rat epididymis require high intraluminal concentrations of androgen bound to androgen binding protein. The possibility that they are dependent upon some other, as yet unidentified, constituent of testicular fluid is not ruled out.
What Radiologists Need to Know about Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare breast cancer with a highly virulent course and low 5-year survival rate. Trimodality treatment that includes preoperative chemotherapy, mastectomy, and radiation therapy is the therapeutic mainstay and has been shown to improve prognosis. Proper diagnosis and staging of IBC is critical to treatment planning and requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes imaging. Patients with IBC typically present with rapid onset of breast erythema, edema, and peau d'orange. Both tissue diagnosis of malignancy and clinical findings of inflammatory disease are required to confirm diagnosis of IBC. Imaging is used to identify a biopsy target; direct biopsy; stage IBC; differentiate curable from incurable (stage IV) disease; and help plan chemotherapy, surgical management, and radiation therapy. Comparison of baseline and posttreatment images helps confirm and quantitate disease response. When imaging is used early in the course of therapy to noninvasively predict treatment response, optimal tailored strategies for management of IBC can be implemented. Imaging is vital to diagnosis and treatment planning for patients with IBC, and radiologists are an integral part of the multidisciplinary patient care team.
The Possible Role of Nannobacteria (Dwarf Bacteria) in Clay-Mineral Diagenesis and the Importance of Careful Sample Preparation in High-Magnification SEM Study

ABSTRACT Bacterial textures are present on clay minerals in Oligocene Frio Formation sandstones from the subsurface of the Corpus Christi area, Texas. In shallower samples, beads 0.05-0.1 µm in diameter rim the clay flakes; at greater depths these beads become more abundant and eventually are perched on the ends of clay filaments of the same diameter. We believe that the beads are nannobacteria (dwarf forms) that have precipitated or transformed the clay minerals during burial of the sediments. Rosettes of chlorite also contain, after HCl etching, rows of 0.1 µm bodies. In contrast, kaolinite shows no evidence of bacterial precipitation. We review other examples of bacterially precipitated clay minerals. A danger present in interpretation of our earlier work (and much work of other ) is the development of nannobacteria-looking artifacts caused by gold coating times in excess of one minute; we strongly recommend a 30-second coating time. Bacterial growth of clay minerals may be a very important process both in the surface and subsurface.
A Study of Targeted Enhanced Patient Care for Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis (STEP PAD)

Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic skin condition in children. Treatment strategies often require stringent adherence to skin care regimens for symptom resolution. As many factors influence the course of the condition, we investigated the role of a designated "atopic dermatitis educator" in a pediatric dermatology clinic. We planned to determine whether the individual interaction with an atopic dermatitis educator affects the course of disease severity, resolution, and quality of life in atopic children. New and return pediatric atopic dermatitis patients from English-speaking families were recruited from a pediatric dermatology clinic with a single pediatric dermatologist. The 151 subjects were randomized to either the control or the intervention group. A total of 106 subjects completed the study. Those in the intervention group received the atopic dermatitis educator's individual counseling/education session. Subjects' severity was determined by the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis severity index and quality of life by either the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index or the Infants' Dermatitis Quality of Life index depending on the patient's age. Analysis of covariance was measured. No significant difference was found in the percentage change of severity or quality of life between the groups.
Group selection for adaptation to multiple-hen cages: beak-related mortality, feathering, and body weight responses

Abstract The hypothesis was tested that selection on the basis of family means for increased survival and hen-housed egg production, when sisters with intact beaks were kept together in multiple-bird cages, would cause adaptive changes in behavior. Specifically, it was posited that beak-inflicted injuries causing cannibalistic mortality and feather loss and damage would be reduced. Body weight effects were not predicted, but were examined. Three stocks were compared; the Selected (S), representing the seventh generation of selection, the Randombred Control (C) from which S was derived, and a commercial stock (X), known to be highly productive and beak-trimmed by commercial producers. Pullets were placed in single-bird (1H) as well as in 12-hen (12H) cages using a completely randomized block experimental design. Mortality from beak-inflicted injuries differed among stocks in total hens lost (P C = S (P Means and variances of feather scores were different for 1H vs 12H cages, ages, and genetic stocks. Greater variances were observed in 12H cages and among older birds. Within 1H units, genetic stocks did not differ in general, but in 12H cages X and C were always more variable than S. In 12H cages, mean feather scores and body weights were decreased and S hens had better feathering than either C or X. The evidence supported the hypothesis.
Is disorganization a feature of schizophrenia or a modifying influence: evidence of covariation of perceptual and cognitive organization in a non-patient sample.

A subgroup of people with schizophrenia is characterized by reduced organization in perception, thought, language, and motor functioning, and these impairments covary significantly. While this may reflect multiple expressions of an illness-related core processing impairment, it may also represent the extreme end of an organization–disorganization dimension that is found throughout the general population. In this view, disorganization is a modifying influence on illness expression. To obtain preliminary information on this hypothesis, we examined covariation of perceptual and cognitive organization in a non-patient sample. Subjects completed a battery of perceptual tasks with demonstrated sensitivity to schizophrenia and disorganization, and a battery of questionnaires examining cognitive organization. Our results indicated that level of perceptual organization ability, across multiple tasks, was associated with self-reported levels of cognitive organization on multiple measures. This is thus preliminary evidence for a common process affecting perceptual and cognitive organization in the general population, suggesting that disorganization may reflect a modifying influence mechanism, instead of an illness-related process, in schizophrenia.
Prediction uncertainty from models and data

We present an approach to uncertainty propagation in dynamic systems, exploiting information provided by related experimental results along with their models. Our computational procedure draws from ideas and tools that are now common in robust control theory. A case study on a well-known database of methane combustion experiments and models demonstrates the viability of our proposed method.
Shopping for products you don't know you need

Recommendation engines today suggest one product to another, e.g., an accessory to a product. However, intent to buy often precedes a user's appearance in a commerce vertical: someone interested in buying a skateboard may have earlier searched for {varial heelflip}, a trick performed on a skateboard. This paper considers how a search engine can provide early warning of commercial intent. The naive algorithm of counting how often an interest precedes a commercial query is not sufficient due to the number of related ways of expressing an interest. Thus, methods are needed for finding sets of queries where all pairs are related, what we call a query community, and this is the technical contribution of the paper. We describe a random model by which we obtain relationships between search queries and then prove general conditions under which we can reconstruct query communities. We propose two complementary approaches for inferring recommendations that utilize query communities in order to magnify the recommendation signal beyond what an individual query can provide. An extensive series of experiments on real search logs shows that the query communities found by our algorithm are more interesting and unexpected than a baseline of clustering the query-click graph. Also, whereas existing query suggestion algorithms are not designed for making commercial recommendations, we show that our algorithms do succeed in forecasting commercial intent. Query communities increase both the quantity and quality of recommendations.
Fae Spirits and Gender Trouble: Resistance and Compliance among the Radical Faeries

Scholars working in a number of fields have proposed disruptive strategies for resisting the disciplinary power of gender. Theoretical work in this area seeks to transcend dichotomies and the hierarchical logic entailed in binary conceptions of gender. Utilizing Michael Burawoy’s extended case method and drawing on the theoretical work of R. W. Connell and Judith Butler, this research applies some of these ideas to an ethnographic study of the Radical Faeries, an intentional community devoted to undermining traditional masculinity through a celebratory deployment of drag. Founded by gay activist Harry Hay in the early 1980s, the group provides an excellent opportunity to investigate both resistant and compliant gender practices, as well as the prospects for making “gender trouble.” I conclude that while my case study community does indeed produce resistant cultural forms that undermine hegemonic masculinity, they do not produce meaningful gender trouble in the Butlerian sense.
Genetic Variation of Capsid Protein VP7 in Genotype G4 Human Rotavirus Strains: Simultaneous Emergence and Spread of Different Lineages in Argentina

Rotavirus is the most-common cause of severe diarrhea in young children. Complete rotavirus characterization includes determination of the antigenic type of the two outer capsid proteins, VP7 and VP4, designated G and P types, respectively. During a nationwide rotavirus surveillance study, genotype G4 frequency increased during the second year. To evaluate further the mechanism of emergence and the relationship among G4 strains, the genetic diversity of VP7 capsid protein in these samples was studied in detail. Overall nucleotide sequence divergence ranged from less than 0.1 to 19.5%, a higher divergence than that observed for other rotavirus G types (0.1 to 9%). Sequences were classified into two major lineages (designated I and II) based on their nucleotide distances. The most heterogeneous lineage was further subdivided into four sublineages (designated Ia to Id). Most Argentine sequences were of sublineages Ib and Ic, which were confirmed to be independent sequence clusters by parsimony analysis. This study describes different lineages and sublineages within G4 strains and shows that Argentine strains are distantly related to reference strain ST3. The appearance of at least two G4 genotype (sub)lineages during 1998 demonstrates that the increased frequency of these strains was due to the synchronized emergence of different groups of strains.
''I Wash My Face with Dirty Water'' : Narratives of Disability and Pedagogy

Reflective practice and the value of reflexivity between personal experience and pedagogy are common research themes today. However, teacher candidates often report a lack of encouragement to be reflective of their experiences with disability and the ways those experiences can inform pedagogy. This article results from a year of inquiry involving 3 novice teachers with disabilities. The impact of their experiences is discussed in light of their developing pedagogical knowledge. The article concludes that for them, teaching is an encounter with the self but that their encounters are an untapped resource with rich potential for the construction of pedagogical knowledge. The article argues that teacher educators must facilitate reflection on experiences with disability as with gender, race/ethnicity, and other identity markers or lived experiences. The article includes examples of the author’s attempts to make use of disability experiences in the teacher education curriculum.
On the quasistatic approximation in the Stokes–Darcy model of groundwater–surface water flows

Abstract We study the validity of the quasistatic approximation in the fully evolutionary Stokes–Darcy problem for the coupling of groundwater and surface water flows, as well as the dependence of the problem on the specific storage parameter. In the coupled equations that describe the groundwater and surface water flows for an incompressible fluid, the specific storage, S 0 , represents the volume of water that a fully saturated porous medium will expel (or absorb) per unit volume per unit change in hydraulic head. In confined aquifers, S 0 takes values ranging from 1 0 − 6 or smaller to 1 0 − 2 . In this work we analyze the validity of the previously studied quasistatic approximation (setting S 0 = 0 in the Stokes–Darcy equations) by proving that the weak solution of the fully evolutionary Stokes–Darcy problem approaches the weak solution of the quasistatic problem as S 0 → 0 . We also estimate the rate of convergence.
A critical look at three of parallel computing's maxims

The last few years have seen the introduction of a large number of parallel computers, as well as the failures of several manufacturers. As the machines have been released, they have been thoroughly evaluated, and a wide range of benchmark data is now available. Furthermore, in this time our expertise in programming and extracting performance from parallel machines has greatly increased, a theory of parallel and network algorithms has developed, and our understanding of the modeling process has improved. Hence, now seems a propitious time to take a critical look at our maxims. This paper takes a critical look at the following three maxims: parallel architecture is converging on a design based on commodity microprocessor chips; wormhole routing is decidedly more efficient than store-and-forward routing; and the PRAM is an unrealistically ideal model of computation.
THE HURLER SYNDROME: A STUDY OF CULTURED LYMPHOID CELL LINES

Lymphoid suspension lines have been established from three patients with the Hurler syndrome and four normals. The Hurler lines can be distinguished from normals by (a) staining characteristics, (b) increase in total cellular mucopolysaccharide content, and (c) increase in dermatan sulfate. Hyaluronic acid is absent in cultured lymphoid cells from normal persons and patients with the Hurler syndrome. The availability of biochemically marked suspension cultures should prove useful for enzymatic studies as well as for further elucidation of this clinical syndrome.
Applications of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Management of Patients with Pain

Numerous publications devoted to the topic of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) have appeared since the presentation of a special issue of Physical Therapy (December, 1978). This update article addresses contemporary information on efficacy, mode of application, treatment outcomes, and neurophysiological mechanisms relevant to this modality. Investigators have become far more specific when presenting this information in the current literature on treating acute pain conditions with TENS than they were in the literature for the 1978 special issue. Improvement has been made in providing specific details to enable replication of TENS stimulating characteristics among patients with chronic pain; yet several clinical researchers still fail to evaluate treatment outcomes adequately. Perhaps the greatest advances in our understanding of TENS involve the recent development of mechanisms that might account for how different types of TENS work. Suggestions for predicting patient responses to TENS and for avenues of future inquiry are offered.
EDITORIAL COMMENT WHATEVER BECAME OF TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS

(1990). EDITORIAL COMMENT WHATEVER BECAME OF TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS? Reading Psychology: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 3-10.
Guantanamo as a 'Legal Black Hole': A Base for Expanding Space, Markets, and Culture

Guantanamo appears as a "legal black hole" especially when examining detainee rights, but in reality empire purposefully creates these jurisdictional anomalies. To further U.S. interests overseas in 1903, base jurisdiction was crafted as anomalous between Cuban sovereignty and American occupation. For the 174 still detained, it's still a black hole. After four Supreme Court decisions, anomaly continues to pervade detention litigation. Functional tests for extraterritorial constitutional rights, habeas proceedings, and the unclear fate of Uighur-detainees all suffer from doctrinal obfuscation. Detainees rights, or lack of, are just one aspect of anomaly. Empire's dynamic forces produced these ambiguities. Guantanamo represents American assumptions on: expanding geographic authority, overseas market protections, and cultural superiority. Alejandro Colas explains empires require these three, i.e. "space, markets, and culture." Accordingly, this Essay explores the base and: extraterritorial authority as "empire's space," intelligence acquired through detention for resources wars as "empire's markets," and discriminatory detention for Middle-Eastern and Central Asian nationals as "empire's culture." This Essay asks how assumptions on these three concepts shape law's extraterritorial application.
Successful Treatment of Suicidal Risk

BACKGROUND: In this article we focused on analyzing surveyed patient-generated responses based on two outcome questions derived from a suicide-specific framework called the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS): Q1 - "Were there any aspects of your treatment that were particularly helpful to you? If so, please describe these. Be as specific as possible." Q2 - "What have you learned from your clinical care that could help you if you became suicidal in the future?" AIMS: To develop a reliable coding system based on formerly suicidal patients' responses to two open-ended prompts and examine most frequently identified themes. METHOD: The present study utilized a consensual qualitative research process to examine responses of clinically resolved suicidal patients, based on the CAMS resolution criteria (i.e., three consecutive CAMS sessions reporting the effective management of suicidal risk), to two Suicide Status Form (SSF) outcome questions (n = 49 for Q1, and n = 52 for Q2). RESULTS: Reliable coding systems were developed and used to determine major themes of successful patient responses. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide insight into patients' experiences of a successful treatment for suicidal risk with larger implications for suicide-specific treatments in general. Language: en
Moretti's Epistemological Realism: Cultural Heritage and Intellectual Distance in CARO DIARIO

The article provides a close reading of Nanni Moretti's Caro diario (1993) with a specific emphasis on the aesthetic, cultural, and intellectual traditions with which the film engages. Contributions to realist film theory by Bazin, Zavattini, and Pasolini are discussed and presented as fundaments for this innovative cinematic essay which in particular draws on these theorists' respective ways of evaluating quotidian facts as profilmic material. The film's increasingly introspective approach to social testimony proves however to move away from Zavattini's ideal of cinema's collective dimension, while accepting instead Pasolini's reluctance to identify himself as a ‘national-popular’ artist. However, where Pasolini would assume a myth-seeking, apocalyptic vision, Moretti sees intellectual irony as the means to perform an epistemological search into private and everyday social experience, as well as to both provide and call for an entirely new form of cinematic writing.
Travels with carbon-centered radicals. 5'-deoxyadenosine and 5'-deoxyadenosine-5'-yl in radical enzymology.

As a graduate student under Professor R. H. Abeles, I began my journey with 5′-deoxyadenosine, studying the coenzyme B12 (adenosylcobalamin)-dependent dioldehydrase (DDH). I proved that suicide inactivation of dioldehydrase by glycolaldehyde proceeded with irreversible cleavage of adenosylcobalamin to 5′-deoxyadenosine. I further showed that suicide inactivation by [2-3H]glycolaldehyde produced 5′-deoxy[3H]adenosine, the first demonstration of hydrogen transfer to adenosyl-C5′ of adenosylcobalamin. The tritium kinetic isotope effect Tk was 15, which correlated well with the measurement Dk = 12 for transformation of [1-2H]propane-1,2-diol to [2-2H]propionaldehyde by DDH. After establishing my own research program, I returned to the glycolaldehyde inactivation of DDH, showing by EPR that suicide inactivation produced glycolaldehyde-2-yl. In retrospect, suicide inactivation involved scission of adenosylcobalamin to 5′-deoxyadenosine-5′-yl, which abstracted a hydrogen from glycolaldehyde. Captodative-stabiliz...
The Sociology of Sporta: Structural Marxist and Cultural Marxist Approaches

A Marxian theory of sport has two major dimensions: A political economy in which one weighs the degree to which sports serve the accumulation problems of advanced monopoly capital and a cultural-Marxist dimension in which one examines the ways in which sports solve the problems of legitimacy and help produce alienated consciousness in self and society. This article provides insight in both uses to which commodity sports are put. In brief, advanced monopoly capitalism uses the advertising industry to colonize desire and myth in sports as an envelope in which to insert commercial messages. The human desire for good and enlivening social relations is transferred to the lifeless commodity. A better use of sports is to locate desire within community and interpersonal concerns rather than profit and false solidarity. A radical research agenda is summarized in the last section.
Analysis on Consistency and Stability of Hydraulic Index in Constructed Wetland

The consistency of four hydraulic indexes(tm/tn,e(1-1/N),tp/tn、Moment index)was assessed by sorting the wetlands based on the rough retention time distributions(RTDs)under conditions of different depths and vegetations.When the effective length of the tail was artificially changed,the stability of these indicators was assessed by calculating the hydraulic indexes,ranking the wetlands again and analyzing their statistical properties with bilateral Ttest.The results showed that:1for the consistency,the ranking of wetlands based on different indexes was consistent except those under higher water depth and full vegetation condition.2 When the effective length changed the sequence of wetland remained unchanged under different water levels and vegetations.Besides,there was no change in value for Momentin dexand tp/tnowing to their definition.e(1-1/N)do not change significantly;but tm/tndeclined significantly,which showed that tm/tnwas affected obviously by tail truncation of RTDs.The stability of hydraulic efficiency indexes was ranked as follows:Moment indexe(1-1/N)tm/tn.
Worker Performance in State-Owned Factories in Maoist China: A Reinterpretation

Drawing on in-depth interviews with 97 retirees in different cities, this article reexamines worker performance in state-owned enterprises during the Mao era. It disputes the conventional wisdom that assumes widespread shirking and inefficiency in state firms before the reform and attributes this problem primarily to the lack of adequate material incentives. Instead, this article investigates the issue of work incentives in the context in which multiple economic, social, and political factors worked together to motivate and constrain workers. It argues that state-firm workers were subject to not only the pressure of political conformity, disciplinary regulations, and peer-to-peer surveillance at the workplace but also the incentives embedded in their shared consciousness as a privileged group, their identity as members of a work unit, and, most important, the opportunities for upward mobility that motivated them in the absence of material stimuli. Workers’ performance, therefore, varied over time and spac...
Board Recommendation in Pinterest.

In this paper we describe preliminary approaches for contentbased recommendation of Pinterest boards to users. We describe our representation and features for Pinterest boards and users, together with a supervised recommendation model. We observe that features based on latent topics lead to better performance than features based on userassigned Pinterest categories. We also find that using social signals (repins, likes, etc.) can improve recommendation quality.
Higher Plasma LDL-Cholesterol is Associated with Preserved Executive and Fine Motor Functions in Parkinson's Disease

Plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol has been associated both with risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and with age-related changes in cognitive function. This prospective study examined the relationship between baseline plasma LDL-cholesterol and cognitive changes in PD and matched Controls. Fasting plasma LDL-cholesterol levels were obtained at baseline from 64 non-demented PD subjects (62.7 ± 7.9 y) and 64 Controls (61.3 ± 6.8 y). Subjects underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing at baseline, 18-, and 36-months. Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to assess the relationships between baseline LDL-cholesterol levels and longitudinal cognitive changes. At baseline, PD patients had lower scores of fine motor (p 0.7). The cholesterol - executive set shifting association differed significantly between PDs and Controls (interaction p=0.005), whereas the cholesterol - fine motor association difference did not reach significance (interaction, p=0.104). In summary, higher plasma LDL-cholesterol levels were associated with better executive function and fine motor performance over time in PD, both of which may reflect an effect on nigrostriatal mediation. Confirmation of these results and elucidation of involved mechanisms are warranted, and might lead to feasible therapeutic strategies.
Intrinsically Safe and Nonincendive Systems

As a result of the efforts of ISA Comittee 8D-RP12 the 1956 edition of the National Electrical Code included for the first time a paragraph recognizing the concept of intrinsic safety. Paragraph 500–1 states, “Equipment and associated wiring approved as intrinsically safe may be installed in any hazardous location for which it is approved, and the provisions of Articles 500–517 need not apply to such installation. Intrinsically safe equipment and wiring is incapable of releasing sufficient electrical energy under normal or abnormal conditions to cause ignition of a specific hazardous atmospheric mixture. Abnormal conditions will include accidental damage to any part of the equipment or wiring, insulation or other failure of electrical components, application of over-voltage, adjustment and maintenance operations, and other similar conditions.”
Using Response Times to Infer Others’ Beliefs: An Application to Information Cascades

The standard assumption in social learning environments is that agents can only learn from others through choice outcomes. We argue that agents can also infer information from others’ choice processes. We conduct an information-cascade experiment where we manipulate subjects’ ability to observe others’ response times (RTs) as they make publicly observable decisions. We find that RTs contain information that is not contained in choice outcomes and that subjects are naturally able to correctly infer others’ private information from the RTs. Our results suggest that in environments where RTs are publicly available, the information structure may be richer than previously thought.
GWAPs: Games with a problem.

Games with a purpose (gwaps) are expensive and challenging to create, yet are touted as a cure-all for getting people to do uninteresting and repetitive tasks in exchange for fun and entertainment. Not only are poorly-executed gwaps ineffective for their purposes, but they can potentially undermine future gwaps by burning out players and discouraging potential gwap supporters and investors. The goal of this paper is to challenge the role of gwaps as tools for disguising boring work as entertainment. We discuss recommendations for future gwap designs that are informed both by commercial game design and by parallel developments in paid crowd work.
Opioid Use After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Trends and Risk Factors for Prolonged Use

Abstract Background The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. Little is known about perioperative opioid use for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to identify rates of preoperative opioid use, evaluate postoperative trends and identify risk factors for prolonged use after TKA. Methods Patients who underwent primary TKA from 2007-2014 were identified within the Humana database. Postoperative opioid use was measured by monthly prescription refill rates. A preoperative opioid user (OU) was defined by history of opioid prescription within 3 months prior to TKA and a non-opioid user (NOU) was defined by no history of prior opioid use. Rates of opioid use were trended monthly for one year postoperatively for all cohorts. Results 73,959 TKA patients were analyzed and 23,532 patients (31.2%) were OU. OU increased from 30.1% in 2007 to 39.3% in 2014 (P Conclusion Approximately one-third of TKA patients use opioids within 3 months prior to surgery and this percentage has increased over 9% during the years included in this study. Preoperative opioid use was most predictive of increased refills of opioids following TKA. However, other intrinsic patient characteristics were also predictive of prolonged opioid use.
Relationship between echotextural and histomorphometric characteristics of stallion testes.

Abstract The goal of this study was to investigate correlations between objective measures of testicular echotexture and histomorphometric attributes related to the histological composition of stallion testes. Fifty-four scrotal testes were obtained from three groups of stallions during routine castrations: colts 5 yrs old (n = 9). In addition, two scrotal testes with degeneration, 16 retained inguinal and 10 retained abdominal testes were surgically obtained. Cross-sectional and longitudinal ultrasonograms were obtained for each testis. Mean numerical pixel values (NPVs) as well as pixel standard deviations (PSDs) were determined for each image (ImageJ-1.5 software). Histomorphometric attributes of the seminiferous tubules (STs) were derived (three tissue samples per each testis) using image analysis software [relative STs area: RSTA = ST area/total cross-sectional area (TA) x 100%; relative STs lumen: RSTL = ST lumen area/TA x 100%; individual ST area; ISTA; individual ST lumen: ISTL; seminiferous epithelium height: SHE]. Degree of fibrosis was graded semi-quantitatively (0–3) in samples from 17 testes. All measures of testicular echotexture as well as all histomorphometric attributes of STs had highest values when obtained from the scrotal testes of young and mature stallions (P
Professional quality of life of adult protective service workers

Adult Protective Services (APS) workers are exposed to substantial occupational hazards and job stress, but these stressors are underdocumented. Therefore, we sought to describe APS workers' work environments and responses to occupational hazards and stressors, including compassion fatigue, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Survey data were gathered with closed-ended questionnaires administered to APS workers in an urban setting. Virtually all workers (97%) reported exposure to one or more environmental hazards in their work, and 80% reported hazard exposure in the past month. Workers also reported mixed responses to their work environment and to experiences with supervision. A sizable minority (22.7%) was at high risk for burnout, 24.6% were at risk for secondary traumatic stress, and 19.9% reported low compassion satisfaction. The results document multiple stressors in APS work. The APS partner is committed to ongoing efforts to better support its staff, and these findings can inform future efforts to enhance supervisor support and worker self-care, to minimize burnout and secondary traumatic stress.
AUGMENTATION OF IN VITRO GENERATED CELL MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY BY NEURAMINIDASE

Publisher Summary This chapter presents experimental results for augmentation of in vitro- generated cell-mediated cytotoxicity by neuraminidase. The enzyme Vibrio cholera neuraminidase (VCN) has been shown to alter a variety of immunologic processes. The chapter presents a study designed to determine the effects of VCN on the in vitro generation and effect or function of cytolytic T lymphocytes. MLC generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and cytotoxicity assays were used for the study. Cells from the in vivo as cites tumor line EL4 were used as targets. Pretreatment of the stimulator cell population with VCN does not increase the generation of cytotoxic cells. In contrast, VCN pretreated responder cells appear to be capable of killing greater numbers of specific allogeneic target cells exposed to IVCN or no VCN. Alternatively, VCN could alter the responding cell-surface membrane rendering it unresponsive to recently postulated immunoregulatory factors that limit a potential cytotoxic response.
Relational Orientation in the Upper Echelons: An Executive Job Demand-Moderated Model

Scholars studying the upper echelons of organizations have long argued that the personal attributes and orientations of organizations’ senior executives play a fundamental role in shaping organizat...
Using a Redundant Planar Hip Exoskeleton to Reduce Human-Device Interface Forces

Robotic exoskeletons have the potential to improve gait rehabilitation. Currently, most exoskeletons use revolute joints that must be exactly aligned with the user’s joints to prevent uncomfortable shear forces at the human-device interface. This paper presents an alternative design for a planar hip exoskeleton based on a planar Stewart platform. In theory, this mechanism does not require exact knowledge of the human hip joint center of rotation to prevent large shear forces. The total human-device system has four degrees of freedom if the human soft tissue is neglected, which does complicate the control of the system compared to a rotational exoskeleton. To find a mapping between the desired human hip angle and the four actuated joints, the task priority method is used. To determine how well the proposed device can guide the hip through a step, dynamic simulations were conducted and compared to the results for a rotational exoskeleton. The compliance in the human soft tissue was included in the simulations because it can play a significant role in both the motion of the system and the human-device forces. Both the ideal case of exact hip joint alignment and the more likely case of hip joint misalignment were considered. In addition, the effects of differing levels of human effort were compared. In all cases, both exoskeletons were well able to guide the human hip in the desired motion. In addition, the novel exoskeleton has significantly lower shear forces at the thigh human-device connection point.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
Oncologic Management for Liquid and Solid Tumors in Pediatric Oculoplastic Surgery

The following chapter is divided into two sections that represent the division of malignant disorders into liquid and solid tumors. Much as neuro-oncology has become a subspecialty, many pediatric oncologists are specializing in their area of interest to focus on the diagnosis and management of either hematologic (liquid) disorders or solid tumors.
A Regression-based Approach to Modeling Addressee Backchannels

During conversations, addressees produce conversational acts---verbal and nonverbal backchannels---that facilitate turn-taking, acknowledge speakership, and communicate common ground without disrupting the speaker's speech. These acts play a key role in achieving fluent conversations. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of how these acts interact with speaker behaviors in shaping conversations might offer key insights into the design of technologies such as computer-mediated communication systems and embodied conversational agents. In this paper, we explore how a regression-based approach might offer such insights into modeling predictive relationships between speaker behaviors and addressee backchannels in a storytelling scenario. Our results reveal speaker eye contact as a significant predictor of verbal, nonverbal, and bimodal backchannels and utterance boundaries as predictors of nonverbal and bimodal backchannels.
Self-Assessment Cases

This last section of the primer is designed to test your skills at cardiopulmonary exercise test interpretation. Five cases are included in this section. The data in each case are presented in a manner similar to the way examples of the various patterns of exercise limitation were presented in the previous chapter, including summary data, raw data from the exercise test itself, and the 9-box plots. Each data set is then followed by a test interpretation worksheet you can use to guide your assessment of the data and determine the primary source of exercise limitation. Explanations regarding the data and the primary pattern of limitation for all of the cases are then provided at the end of this section.
Indoor-Outdoor Air Pollution Continuum and CVD Burden: An Opportunity for Improving Global Health

Current understanding of the association between household air-pollution (HAP) and cardiovascular disease is primarily derived from outdoor air-pollution studies. The lack of accurate information on the contribution of HAP to cardiovascular events has prevented inclusion of such data in global burden of disease estimates with consequences in terms of health care allocation and national/international priorities. Understanding the health risks, exposure characterization, epidemiology and economics of the association between HAP and cardiovascular disease represents a pivotal unmet public health need. Interventions to reduce exposure to air-pollution in general, and HAP in particular are likely to yield large benefits and may represent a cost-effective and economically sustainable solution for many parts of the world. A multi-disciplinary effort that provides economically feasible technologic solutions in conjunction with experts that can assess the health, economic impact and sustainability are urgently required to tackle this problem.