cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coupled reservoir–geomechanical analysis of the potential for tensile and shear failure associated with CO2 injection in multilayered reservoir–caprock systems

Coupled reservoir-geomechanical simulations were conductedto study the potential for tensile and shear failure e.g., tensilefracturing and shear slip along pre-existing fractures associated withunderground CO2 injection in a multilayered geological system. Thisfailure analysis aimed to study factors affecting the potential forbreaching a geological CO2 storage system and to study methods forestimating the maximum CO2 injection pressure that could be sustainedwithout causing such a breach. We pay special attention to geomechanicalstress changes resulting from upward migration of the CO2 and how theinitial stress regime affects the potential for inducing failure. Weconclude that it is essential to have an accurate estimate of thethree-dimensional in situ stress field to support the design andperformance assessment of a geological CO2 injection operation. Moreover,we also conclude that it is important to consider mechanical stresschanges that might occur outside the region of increased reservoir fluidpressure (e.g., in the overburden rock) between the CO2-injectionreservoir and the ground surface.
Proper minor-closed families are small

We prove that for every proper minor-closed class I of graphs there exists a constant c such that for every integer n the class I includes at most n!cn graphs with vertex-set {1, 2,...,n}. This answers a question of Welsh.
Three-dimensional interactions between a finite-span synthetic jet and a crossflow

A complementary experimental and numerical investigation was performed to study the three-dimensional flow structures and interactions of a finite-span synthetic jet in a crossflow at a chord-based Reynolds number of 100,000 and a 0° angle of attack. Six blowing ratios in the range of 0.2–1.2 were considered. Experiments were conducted on a finite wing with a cross-sectional profile of NACA 4421, where particle-image velocimetry data were collected at the centre jet. To complement the experiments, three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed, where the numerical set-up matched not only the physical parameters (e.g. free stream) but also the physical dimensions (e.g. orientation and location of the jet. For the low blowing ratio cases, spatial non-uniformities developed, due to the finite span of the slit, which led to the formation of small and organized secondary structures or a streak-like pattern in the mean flow. On the other hand, for the high blowing ratio range, turbulent vortical structures were dominant, leading to larger spanwise structures, with a larger spanwise wavelength. Moreover, the phase-locked flow fields exhibited a train of counter-rotating coherent vortices that lifted off the surface as they advected downstream. In the mid-blowing ratio range, combined features of the low range (near the slit) and high range (in downstream locations) were found, where a pair of counter-rotating vortices issued in the same jet cycle collided with each other. In all cases, the spanwise extent of the secondary coherent structures reduced with downstream distance with a larger decrease at higher blowing ratios. Similar observations were made in earlier studies on finite-span synthetic jets in quiescent conditions.
DySy: dynamic symbolic execution for invariant inference

Dynamically discovering likely program invariants from concrete test executions has emerged as a highly promising software engineering technique. Dynamic invariant inference has the advantage of succinctly summarizing both "expected" program inputs and the subset of program behaviors that is normal under those inputs. In this paper, we introduce a technique that can drastically increase the relevance of inferred invariants, or reduce the size of the test suite required to obtain good invariants. Instead of falsifying invariants produced by pre-set patterns, we determine likely program invariants by combining the concrete execution of actual test cases with a simultaneous symbolic execution of the same tests. The symbolic execution produces abstract conditions over program variables that the concrete tests satisfy during their execution. In this way, we obtain the benefits of dynamic inference tools like Daikon: the inferred invariants correspond to the observed program behaviors. At the same time, however, our inferred invariants are much more suited to the program at hand than Daikon's hard-coded invariant patterns. The symbolic invariants are literally derived from the program text itself, with appropriate value substitutions as dictated by symbolic execution. We implemented our technique in the DySy tool, which utilizes a powerful symbolic execution and simplification engine. The results confirm the benefits of our approach. In Daikon's prime example benchmark, we infer the majority of the interesting Daikon invariants, while eliminating invariants that a human user is likely to consider irrelevant.
3-D model based vehicle recognition

We present a method for recognizing a vehicle's make and model in a video clip taken from an arbitrary viewpoint. This is an improvement over existing methods which require a front view. In addition, we present a Bayesian approach for establishing accurate correspondences in multiple view geometry.
Incidences of membranous nephropathy versus focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: increase in the former or decline in the latter?

During the last three decades of the 20th century, a significant development in the field of glomerular diseases was an increased frequency of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) among patients presenting with proteinuria and a primary glomerular disease [1–10]. This increase in FSGS, initially noted in Chicago and other urban areas of the USA [1–7], was subsequently documented in rural areas of the USA and outside of North America [8–10]. The increase was reported in both adults and children and in different racial and ethnic groups, although the greatest overall incidence of FSGS was consistently found in individuals of African descent [1–5, 7, 11–13]. As a result, over a period of 20–30 years, FSGS overtook membranous nephropathy (MN) as the leading cause of nephrotic-range proteinuria in American adults when all races were considered [3, 4, 6] (Table 1). Furthermore, by the early 1990s, two independent studies from Chicago found FSGS to account for 50–70% of African-American adults with nephrotic-range proteinuria [3, 4].
Executive Leadership Development As A Strategy For Long Term Business Success

This article discusses executive leadership development as a strategy for long term business success. Sustainable organizational health depends in large part on a steady stream of upper level leaders who have the values, skills, competencies and behaviors necessary for organizational advancement. Cutting edge leadership development is discussed with specific examples from the Top 20 leadership companies as identified by Hewitt Associates in 2005. Specific leadership development programs are discussed including mentoring, coaching and shadowing and guidelines are suggested for effective leadership development.
Translational initiation is uncoupled from elongation at 18°C during mammalian hibernation

Cellular and organismal homeostasis must be maintained across a body temperature (Tb) range of 0 to 37°C during mammalian hibernation. Hibernators depress biosynthetic activities including protein ...
Linking Gestures: Cross-Cultural Variation During Instructional Analogies

Deictic linking gestures, hand and arm motions that physically embody links being communicated between two or more objects in the shared communicative environment, are explored in a cross-cultural sample of mathematics instruction. Linking gestures are specifically examined here when they occur in the context of communicative analogies designed to link two distinct yet mutually informative representations. Video coding of eighth-grade mathematics lessons in the United States, Japan, and Hong Kong revealed that teachers in the higher achieving regions (Hong Kong and Japan) used reliably more linking gestures concurrent with verbal linkages than did U.S. teachers. Further, they were significantly more likely to tailor their gesture use to the recency of students’ experiences with source than U.S. teachers. The overall data align with growing evidence that U.S. teachers may not systematically capitalize on pedagogical opportunities to draw linkages between representations and that gestures may play a key rol...
Adaptive Output-Feedback Control with Closed-Loop Reference Models for Very Flexible Aircraft

This paper proposes a model reference adaptive controller for a class of multi-input/multi-output plants where the number of outputs is larger than the number of inputs: an example of which is very flexible aircraft. A dominant presence of model uncertainties and actuator anomalies necessitates an adaptive approach for control of very flexible aircraft. The proposed controller, denoted as the adaptive strictly positive real / loop transfer recovery controller, combines a baseline observer-based design with loop transfer recovery properties and an adaptive design based on strictly positive real transfer functions. In addition to accommodating the absence of full-state measurements, the controller includes a reference model that also plays the role of an observer through a closed-loop component. Conditions are delineated under which this controller can guarantee asymptotic reference tracking, and the control design is validated using a very flexible aircraft model around a single equilibrium flight conditio...
Fx Strategies in 2006: U.S. Dollar Versus Yen

Riding the early morning Metro North train from Grand Central to Greenwich on April Fools Day 2006, Luke Anthony briefly pondered the revitalization of some of the once grand Harlem neighborhoods. But then his thoughts turned back to the task at hand: to form a cohesive view of the likely path of the Japanese yen. Was the dollar on one of its patented upward swings that would bring it to 140 ¥/$ before long? Or is the past years dollar appreciation just a brief pause in a longer-term downward march as the record current account deficit drags it to the depths?
Abstract 705: Crosstalk with stromal fibroblasts contributes to EGFR inhibitor resistance in colorectal cancer cells

The mechanism for resistance to EGFR targeted therapies in colorectal cancer (CRC) with intact KRAS is still unknown. Host stromal cells contribute to tumorigenicity; however their effect on the sensitivity to EGFR targeted therapies has still to be determined. We hypothesized that crosstalk between stromal fibroblasts and CRC cancer cells contributes to cetuximab resistance via activation of the HGF/MET axis. Primary CRC associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were isolated and expanded from five surgical specimens. Fibroblasts were enriched by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS®) and activated fibroblast lineage was confirmed by alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) immunofluorescence. Supernatant HGF content and cellular mRNA expression levels in primary CRC CAFs, an embryonic lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5), and a normal colon fibroblast cell line (CCD18) were determined by ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR. The effect of fibroblasts or HGF (75ng/ml) on the CRC cell lines LIM1215 and DiFi treated with cetuximab (5nM) for 72 hours was determined by co-culture using Transwells and WST-1 cell proliferation assays. Alterations in proliferation were compared by ANOVA. Mean fibroblast HGF secretion (8.3 ng/ml) and relative mRNA expression (2.0) could be augmented by co-culture with conditioned media (CM) from the CRC cell LIM1215 (14.1 ng/ml and 4.1, respectively) (Table). Further, co-culture of CRC cells with HGF, CCD18 cells, or primary CAFs reversed cetuximab-induced growth inhibition. LIM1215 proliferation was inhibited by cetuximab (55.3 ± 14.4%) which could be reversed by co-culture with either HGF (93.1 ± 10.2%) or CCD18 cells (107.2 ± 10.8%) (p Stromal-tumor interactions may play an important role in CRC resistance to cetuximab via the HGF/MET axis. Inhibition of both EGFR and MET may be necessary to realize the full potential of EGFR targeted therapies in CRC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 705.
Polarization-Sensitive Transmittance Imaging in Skeletal Muscle

We measured polarization sensitive transmittance images in skeletal muscles. The geometrical profiles of the transmitted images were quantitatively analyzed using a parametrical fitting method and showed significant polarization dependent trends.
Unusual Surface Mechanical Properties of Poly(α-methylstyrene): Surface Softening and Stiffening at Different Temperatures

We report results from experiments based on the spontaneous particle embedment technique to determine the surface compliance of poly(α-methylstyrene) (PαMS) for temperatures from room temperature t...
Differential response of barrier island dune grasses to species interactions and burial

Barrier islands are at the forefront of storms and sea-level rise. High disturbance regimes and sediment mobility make these systems sensitive and dynamic. Island foredunes are protective structures against storm-induced overwash that are integrally tied to dune grasses via biogeomorphic feedbacks. Shifts in dune grass dominance could influence dune morphology and susceptibility to overwash, altering island stability. In a glasshouse study, two dune grasses, Ammophila breviligulata and Uniola paniculata, were planted together and subjected to a 20 cm burial to quantify morphological and physiological responses. Burial had positive effects on both plants as indicated by increased electron transport rate and total biomass. Ammophila breviligulata performance declined when planted with U. paniculata. Uniola paniculata was not affected when planted with A. breviligulata but did have higher water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency. Planted in mixture, differential reallocation of biomass occurred between species potentially altering resource acquisition further. As U. paniculata migrates into A. breviligulata dominated habitat and A. breviligulata performance diminishes, biotic interactions between these and other species may affect dune formation and community structure. Our study emphasizes the importance of studying biotic interactions alongside naturally occurring abiotic drivers.
Epidemic Trend of Infectious Diseases in Xifeng County From 1997 to 2006

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases,so as to prevent and control the diseases scientifically in Xifeng County in the future.Method Data of notifiable infectious diseases in Xifeng County from 1997 to 2006 were collected and its epidemic characteristics was studied by descriptive epidemiologic methods.Results 1997-2006,the county altogether reported 21 kinds,6 786 cases,including 42 deaths of the A and B class infectious diseases,of which the annual mean incidence rate was 281.27/105,the mortality rate was 1.74/105,and the case fatality rate was 0.62%.In the past decade,being the first three main infectious diseases,pulmonary tuberculosis,dysentery,and virus hepatitis engendered the incidence rate of 135.41/105,55.42/105 and 51.31/105 respectively.Respiratory tract infectious disease occupied the first place of each kind of infectious disease by the annual mean incidence rate of 141.09/105,while intestinal tract infectious disease occupied the 2nd by 92.80/105.The incidence rate of natural focal disease and the insect-borne infectious disease undulated between 4.47/105 and 25.90/105.The morbidity rate of blood and sex transmitted infections fluctuated between 19.10/105 and 71.10/105.The annual mean incidence rate of neonatal tetanus was 0.27/105.Conclusion In the past decade,in Xifeng County,intestinal tract infectious disease has descended significantly,while the respiratory tract infectious disease ascended large number.Pulmonary tuberculosis morbidity maintains at the quite high level.The incidence rate of blood and sex transmitted infections are in the low level continuously,but have the trend of escalation.
Pb-induced alterations in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in rat brain.

Our previous studies have shown that exposure to low levels of Pb results in significant reductions in dopamine (DA) and its metabolites (3,4-dihyroxyphenylacetic acid, DOPAC and homovanillic acid, HVA) in nucleus acumbens (NA). This area of brain receives dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmentum and is considered vital in manifestation of many behavioral responses. Similarly, basal and K+-induced release of DA was found significantly reduced in the Pb-exposed rats as compared to the controls in this brain region. Additional studies indicated that acute infusion of Pb in nucleus acumbens caused significant release of DA. Based on these observations it was postulated that the reductions in DA contents and in the basal and stimulus-induced release of DA in NA were manifestations of attenuated dopaminergic activity in this brain region. However, the mechanism of this attenuation is not yet clear. Studies reported here were designed to evaluate the role of a key regulatory enzy me in biosynthesis of DA, i.e. tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in Pb-induced reductions in dopaminergic activity. The results of these studies indicated that 50 and 500 ppm Pb produced 22.8 and 56% inhibition of TH activity in vitro respectively, and that the enzyme activity was reduced to 43% in rats exposed to 50 ppm lead for 30 days as compared to the controls. The alterations in TH activity in Pb-exposed animals were further confirmed by Western blot analysis. Collectively, these results suggest that Pb-induced inhibition of TH activity in rat brain may contribute to the reductions in dopaminergic activity observed in Pb-exposed animals. (Mol Cell Biochem 175: 137–141, 1997)
Nanoscale Coordination Polymers Codeliver Carboplatin and Gemcitabine for Highly Effective Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer.

Due to the ability of ovarian cancer (OCa) to acquire drug resistance, it has been difficult to develop efficient and safe chemotherapy for OCa. Here, we examined the therapeutic use of a new self-assembled core–shell nanoscale coordination polymer nanoparticle (NCP-Carbo/GMP) that delivers high loadings of carboplatin (28.0 ± 2.6 wt %) and gemcitabine monophosphate (8.6 ± 1.5 wt %). A strong synergistic effect was observed between carboplatin and gemcitabine against platinum-resistant OCa cells, SKOV-3 and A2780/CDPP, in vitro. The coadministration of carboplatin and gemcitabine in the NCP led to prolonged blood circulation half-life (11.8 ± 4.8 h) and improved tumor uptake of the drugs (10.2 ± 4.4% ID/g at 24 h), resulting in 71% regression and 80% growth inhibition of SKOV-3 and A2780/CDDP tumors, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that NCP particles provide great potential for the codelivery of multiple chemotherapeutics for treating drug-resistant cancer.
Sociodemographic Differences in Clients Preferring Video-Call Over In-person Interview: A Pilot Study of HIV Tele-partner Services

The New York City Department of Health Disease Intervention Specialists (DIS) routinely contact newly HIV-diagnosed persons via telephone calls and in-person meetings to conduct partner services (PS) interviews in order to elicit the names and contact information of the HIV-exposed partners for notification and HIV-testing, and to assist clients with linkage to care. From October 2013 to December 2015, we offered PS interviews conducted via video-call alongside voice-call and in-person modes in a selected geographic area of NYC. PS interviews were conducted according to the clients’ preferred mode (in-person, voice- or video-call) and location (health care facility, clients’ residences, or other NYC locations). At the conclusion of the PS interviews, DIS elicited responses from persons interviewed via video-call on their perception, satisfaction and personal experiences using video-call for public health and personal purposes. Acceptance and satisfaction with PS interviews via video-call were high among clients aged <30 years, men who have sex with men, or with education above high school; while PS yields were similar across modes. These results provide evidence of the potential effectiveness of video-call interviews for specific populations.
Model-based automotive control design using port-Hamiltonian systems

Model-based design is an important tool for cyber-physical systems (CPS) that efficiently connects all development phases of control software and ensures desirable system performance. However, the increased complexity of CPS caused by interactions between components creates challenges for the implementation of model-based design. In this paper, we present a modeling framework for the model-based design toolchain which uses port-Hamiltonian systems (PHS) to model CPS components and interactions. In this framework, passivity-based control methods are used to design controllers and compose them through Dirac structures. We evaluate the modeling framework using an automotive control system and present simulation results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework.
Immune Cell Infiltration in Feline Meningioma

Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumour in the cat. Although most of these tumours are considered to be benign based on histological characteristics, little is known regarding microenvironmental changes associated with the tumour. The characterization of the immune-cell infiltrate in human and canine meningiomas has been described; however, there are no data regarding the cat equivalent. Seventeen formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded samples of feline meningioma were evaluated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for expression of CD3, Pax5, Iba-1, HLA-DR, MAC387, CD163 and Ki67. Variable immune cell infiltrates were seen in every case. All tumours had moderate numbers of infiltrating CD3+ T lymphocytes. Seven of 17 tumours (41%) had infiltrating PAX5+ B lymphocytes that were often dispersed randomly throughout the neoplasm. Macrophage infiltration was abundant in all tumours with widespread immunoreactivity for Iba-1 and HLA-DR. Most tumours (15/17; 88%) had infiltration by MAC387+ macrophages; however, the number of infiltrating cells per ×400 field varied widely (from 0 to 57). Thirteen of 17 tumours (76%) had infiltration by CD163+ macrophages; however (similar to the MAC387 IHC), several tumours had numerous infiltrating cells. There was a potential weak negative rank correlation between the counts of CD3 and Ki67+ cells (rSp = -0.57; P = 0.018); however, no other rank correlations could be established between types of infiltrating immune cells (all other P ≥0.10). This study establishes evidence for a robust population of immune cells in feline meningioma and indicates that further study is needed to better understand the role of these cells with respect to tumour progression and post-surgical outcome.
System Identification: Resolving the Conflict Between Fault Detection and Control

Abstract In this paper, we explore the issue of fault tolerance vs. fault detection in engineering systems. We argue that system identification for controller design should be adaptive and therefore fault tolerant, while system identification for fault detection should be non-adaptive. We propose a combined strategy for maximizing robustness and safety of the system. The combined strategy includes a neural network and a Kalman filter.
Prenatal exposure to sand and dust storms and children's cognitive function in China: a quasi-experimental study.

Summary Background While there is evidence that sand and dust storms can have adverse health effects, the effects of such storms on children's cognitive function has not been explored. We examined whether prenatal exposure to sand and dust storms affects children's cognitive function and, if so, whether harmful effects of sand and dust storms vary by the trimester of exposure. Methods This study used nationally representative data from the China Family Panel Studies between 2010 and 2014 and data on sand and dust storms from the national Sand and Dust Weather Almanac. We selected four indicators of children's cognitive function: mathematics test scores, word-recognition test scores, the age the child began speaking in whole sentences, and the age the child began counting from one to ten. Since the annual incidence of sand and dust storms is highly variable and is largely unpredictable, we used a region-and-year fixed-effect model to compare the cognitive function of children born in the same region and year but with varying amounts of prenatal exposure to sand and dust storms. We also investigated whether the effect of sand and dust storms varied by the specific month of prenatal exposure. Findings We included 1236 observations for the analysis of mathematics and word-recognition test scores, 2693 observations in the analysis of the age the child began speaking in whole sentences, and 1951 observations for the analysis of the age the child began counting from one to ten. Every 10 additional days of prenatal exposure to sand and dust storms was associated with a 0·20 SD (95% CI 0·06 to 0·35, p=0·009) reduction in word test scores, 0·04 (–0·00 to 0·09, p=0·089) additional months to begin speaking in sentences, and 0·14 (0·03 to 0·25, p=0·021) additional months to begin counting, but was not significantly associated with mathematics test scores (reduction of 0·02 SD, −0·19 to 0·15). 10 additional days of prenatal exposure to sand and dust storms in the seventh gestational month was associated with a 0·18 SD (0·10 to 0·25) reduction in mathematics test scores, a 0·34 SD (0·18 to 0·50) reduction in word test scores, an additional 0·33 months (0·07 to 0·59) to begin speaking in sentences, and an additional 0·20 months (0·04 to 0·35) to begin counting. Interpretation Our results suggest that protecting pregnant women from the effects of sand and dust storms in the critical periods of fetal brain development could generate benefits for the cognitive function of the next generation. Funding None.
Resonance Raman Gain and Raman Loss Spectroscopy

In accompanying chapters anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy has been shown to be a powerful tool for the study of molecular species. However a few drawbacks have limited the applicability of the technique. First, the complex lineshapes exhibited by CARS require computer evaluation in order to obtain accurate frequencies. Second the nonresonant susceptibility may overshadow the Raman peak, limiting the detectability. Finally, the hardware required for scanning is complex and without the computer control previously mentioned, obtaining spectra is a very time-consuming procedure. Because of the drawbacks several processes have been proposed to obtain similar information with fewer problems: Rikes [1,2,3], Optical Heterodyne Detection (OHD) [4,5], Photo-Acoustic Raman Spectroscopy (PARS) [6] as well as Raman gain/loss spectroscopy [7].
Significance of Pelvic Shape In the Treatment of Pelvic Arrest

A common method of delivery used in the treatment of midpelvic arrest consists in the cephalic application of forceps (Barton or Kielland forceps) to the transverse position with anterior lateral flexion, descent to the pelvic floor in the same position, and low anterior rotation. Two types of pelves are commonly found associated with this mechanism, the android with straight side walls and the flat type (Fig. 44).
Brain tumor survival: results from the National Cancer Data Base.

Hospital-based data reported to the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) were available for over 60,000 patients with a primary brain tumor diagnosed from 1985–1988 and 1990–1992. The most common histologies were glioblastomas, astrocytomas and meningiomas. Five-year survival rates for these tumors were 2%, 30% and 70% respectively. Histology, age at diagnosis, behavior, and location were important variables in estimating survival. Comparisons with population-based registry data suggest that the malignant tumors are well represented in NCDB, but the benign histologies are under-reported. Survival estimates for the malignant tumors are comparable to previously reported studies. The NCDB provides recent information on brain tumor distribution and survival patterns not available in other large databases.
Blood Transfusion Indications

Numerous guidelines on blood transfusion indications have been published with many describing specific thresholds for transfusion within specified clinical scenarios. Most also stress that blood products should only be given when clinically necessary as hemoglobin levels do not guarantee adequate delivery of oxygen to tissue. In the setting of acute hemorrhage with hypovolemia, hematocrit does not immediately correlate with blood loss. Indications for blood transfusion may include trauma with massive blood loss (hemorrhage – surgical, traumatic, or nonsurgical), anemia, major surgical operation, cancer patients requiring therapy, massive blood loss or anemia in the setting of pregnancy and childbirth, hereditary disorders like hemophilia and thalassemia, critical illness, and severe burn victims. Chronic anemia may occur with chronic blood loss (hepatic disorders, bleeding disorders) or decreased erythropoiesis (malignancies, chemotherapy, other drugs suppressing bone marrow, renal disorders, and nutritional deficiencies); no clear-cut triggers have been defined so the decision to transfuse is considered on an individual basis including symptoms or functional impairment.
Oncogenes calling on a lysosomal Ca2+ channel

Oncogene‐dependent cancers upregulate and use lysosomal biogenesis for nutrient supply. It is unclear which lysosomal proteins and functions are essential for cell proliferation and tumor growth. A study by Jung et al in this issue of EMBO Reports shows that increased levels of the lysosomal Ca 2+ release channel TRPML1 and its activator PI(3,5)P 2 in HRAS G 12V ‐dependent tumors are essential for cell proliferation and tumor growth [1]. Notably, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of TRPML1 is equally effective in suppressing HRAS G 12V ‐dependent tumors.
Post-ictal neuronal network remodeling and Wnt pathway dysregulation in the intra-hippocampal kainate mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy

Abstract Mouse models of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy recapitulate aspects of human epilepsy, which is characterized by neuronal network remodeling in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Observational studies suggest that this remodeling is associated with altered Wnt pathway signaling, although this has not been experimentally examined. We used the well-characterized mouse intrahippocampal kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy to examine associations between post-seizure hippocampal neurogenesis and altered Wnt signaling. Tissue was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, and transcriptome analysis was performed on RNA extracted from anatomically micro-dissected dentate gyri. Seizures increased neurogenesis and dendritic arborization of newborn hippocampal dentate granule cells in peri-ictal regions, and decreased neurogenesis in the ictal zone, 2-weeks after kainate injection. Interestingly, administration of the novel canonical Wnt pathway inhibitor XAV939 daily for 2-weeks after kainate injection further increased dendritic arborization in peri-ictal regions after seizure, without an effect on baseline neurogenesis in control animals. Transcriptome analysis of dentate gyri demonstrated significant canonical Wnt gene dysregulation in kainate-injected mice across all regions for Wnt3, 5a and 9a. Intriguingly, certain Wnt genes demonstrated differential patterns of dysregulation between the ictal and peri-ictal zones, most notably Wnt5B, 7B and DKK-1. Together, these results demonstrate regional variation in Wnt pathway dysregulation in the early post-ictal period, and surprisingly, suggest that some Wnt-mediated effects might actually temper aberrant neurogenesis after seizures. The Wnt pathway may therefore provide suitable targets for novel therapies that prevent network remodeling and the development of epileptic foci in high-risk patients.
An Exploratory Study of Suboxone (Buprenorphine/Naloxone) Film Splitting: Cutting Methods, Content Uniformity, and Stability.

Suboxone films are U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved to treat opioid dependence. While the package insert states that films should not be cut, physicians often prescribe film fractions for treatment and tapering. There is no data to support this practice, and this study was initiated to evaluate cutting methods, content uniformity, and stability of split films. Suboxone 8-mg buprenorphine/2-mg naloxone films were split using four methods: 1) ruler/razor cut, 2) scissor cut, 3) fold/rip, and 4) fold/scissor cut. United States Pharmacopeia Chapter was used to evaluate the weight variation and content uniformity of split films. The stability of split films stored in polybags was evaluated over 7 days. A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method was used for content uniformity and stability evaluation. The weight variation results were acceptable for the half films from all four cutting methods, but this was not true for the quarter films. The method of ruler/razor cut was determined most favorable and used for the content uniformity test. Based on the high-performance liquid chromatography results, the half films from the ruler/razor cut method met the passing criteria of United States Pharmacopeia Chapter with acceptance values of 9.8 to 10.4 for buprenorphine and 8.4 to 11.5 for naloxone (=15 is considered passing). The stability results indicated that both actives retained >97.7% of initial strength. Four cutting methods were found to be acceptable for splitting Suboxone films into half but not quarter fractions. The half films from the ruler/razor cut method also passed United States Pharmacopeia Chapter content uniformity test. Both actives remained stable for 7 days when the half films were stored in polybags at room temperature.
New subtypes of allele-specific epigenetic effects: implications for brain development, function and disease

Typically, it is assumed that the maternal and paternal alleles for most genes are equally expressed. Known exceptions include canonical imprinted genes, random X-chromosome inactivation, olfactory receptors and clustered protocadherins. Here, we highlight recent studies showing that allele-specific expression is frequent in the genome and involves subtypes of epigenetic allelic effects that differ in terms of heritability, clonality and stability over time. Different forms of epigenetic allele regulation could have different roles in brain development, function, and disease. An emerging area involves understanding allelic effects in a cell-type and developmental stage-specific manner and determining how these effects influence the impact of genetic variants and mutations on the brain. A deeper understanding of epigenetics at the allele and cellular level in the brain could help clarify the mechanisms underlying phenotypic variance.
Ca2+ Signaling in Exocrine Cells

Calcium (Ca2+) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling cross talk and synergize to stimulate the cardinal functions of exocrine cells, regulated exocytosis, and fluid and electrolyte secretion. This physiological process requires the organization of the two signaling pathways into complexes at defined cellular domains and close placement. Such domains are formed by membrane contact sites (MCS). This review discusses the basic properties of Ca2+ signaling in exocrine cells, the role of MCS in the organization of cell signaling and in cross talk and synergism between the Ca2+ and cAMP signaling pathways and, finally, the mechanism by which the Ca2+ and cAMP pathways synergize to stimulate epithelial fluid and electrolyte secretion.
Variety and weed management effects on organic chickpea stand establishment and seed yield

The need for organic produce is increasing worldwide but weed control remains a critical problem for organic crop production. Three types of weed control practices were evaluated for two organic chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties at the Western (Corvallis) and Eastern (Sidney) Agricultural Research Centers of Montana State University. Treatments included two chickpea varieties (Black and CDC Orion chickpeas), two seeding rates (standard seeding rate or 1× at 43 seeds m(-2) and 50% increase over the standard rate or 1.5×), and two pre-emergent weed control practices (flame weeding and shallow tillage). Results revealed that Black chickpea was associated with greater stand densities and grain yield with lower weed biomass than CDC Orion. Increasing seeding rate for Black chickpea improved crop density and increased grain yield to the extent of 26% compared with the standard seed rate. Flaming increased chickpea grain yield only at Corvallis in 2016. The combined effects of shallow tillage and increased seeding rates resulted in reduced weed biomass. Shallow tillage can be successfully integrated to improve yields and reduce weed pressure in organic chickpea. However, precaution must be taken for the tillage timing to avoid damage to emerging chickpea seedlings. More research is needed to select chickpea varieties that have improved vigor and are more competitive to weed pressure commonly seen in organically-managed fields.
Chapter 12 – Toward a New Breed of Police Officer

Publisher Summary The chapter examines the traditional police culture and the police role to explore the requirements important for the real job of policing. Patrol officers are the backbone of the traditional police approach. They are the grunts in the trenches, the individuals in the department who must deal directly with the community every day. They are the traditional department's bridge to the saints, sinners, and average people who constitute the real world. To understand the essential requirements that the real job of policing entails in a traditional department, it is important to explore the expectations of incoming candidates from the job and their findings once they arrive. The community policing overall, and the community officer's job in particular, demands a new breed of officer. The new breed of police officer whose emergence into the field has already changed the composition of the police departments help shapes the future of community policing. The basic job description emphasizes the ability to think, act, and communicate. The officers who capitalize on the flexibility and autonomy that are the hallmarks of this approach help define and refine what it can and cannot do in practice. Not only they are able to help police departments find new ways to meet the challenge of helping communities cope with the problems that they face in the 21st century, this new breed of officer, armed with enhanced skills are able to explain the requirements that are essential to do the job well.
Managing uncertainty in carbon offsets: insights from California’s standardized approach

Carbon offsets allow greenhouse gas emitters to comply with an emissions cap by paying others outside of the capped sectors to reduce emissions. The first major carbon offset programme, the United ...
Review and analysis of supervised machine learning algorithms for hazardous events in drilling operations

Abstract Results of bibliometric analysis and a detailed review are reported on the use of supervised machine learning to study hazardous drilling events. The bibliometric analysis attempts to answer pertinent questions related to progress in the use of supervised machine learning for hazardous events due to drilling fluid density/mud weight. The analysis indicates artificial neural network as the most popular algorithm among researchers. Also, deep learning, random forest and support vector machine have gained momentum in recent use. A critical review of literature on hazardous events and supervised machine learning algorithms are reported. This review was done to observe how the algorithms were used, their relative successes, limitations, as well as input parameters which aided in detection or estimation by the machine learning algorithms. An introduction to deep learning and a review of literature on the use of deep learning with respect to operations involving drilling parameters is presented. The review on deep learning and drilling parameters covered the following operations: lithology identification, drilling rig state determination, generating logging/other drilling parameters and detecting abnormality in data. The study highlights need of publicly accessible large database with data from different oilfields for development of machine learning algorithms. These algorithms could be used globally for the enhancement of machine learning for new fields or fields with limited data. The availability of such large database would aid researchers in improving or customizing deep learning algorithms in line with the unique needs of drilling activities.
Kristeva’s Theories on Motherhood and Abjection: Spillers and Halberstam

This chapter shows how Kristeva’s theories on motherhood in the essay “Stabat Mater” as well as her writing on abjection in Powers of Horror have stimulated new directions in American literary studies. Hortense Spillers’s Black, White, and in Color and Jack Halberstam’s Skin Shows, for example, draw on a psychoanalytic approach shaped by her theories to address especially the race question. I discuss primarily Kristeva’s essays from the 1980s in dialogue with two American critics who bring their creative versions of Neo-Freudian thought to bear on Paule Marshall’s and Bram Stoker’s novels.
Evaluating milling and baking quality associated with a Fusarium head blight resistance-enhancing genome deletion in wheat

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding involves improvement of a wide range of traits. However, selection for these traits is only acceptable if the end use quality of the wheat is not compromised. In hard red spring wheat, the predominant end use of flour is bread. In this study, milling and baking quality characteristics were compared in the hard red spring wheat ‘Apogee’ and a near-isogenic line of Apogee (‘A30’) that contains a spontaneous segmental deletion of the long arm of chromosome arm 3DL that is associated with enhanced resistance to Fusarium head blight caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe). Apogee and A30 were grown together in replicated greenhouse experiments, and the resultant grain was used to compare a diverse spectrum of grain characteristics and milling and baking properties of the grain in the two wheat genotypes. The major difference detected was a significant increase in protein content in A30, which had nearly 21% more flour protein than Apogee. This difference did not affect any of the flour properties or baking characteristics evaluated, suggesting that the increased protein concentrations in A30 are not associated with the principal seed storage properties associated with baking quality. These results indicate that despite the size of the deletion in A30, no key genes associated with end use quality are located on that chromosome segment. The deletion may therefore find use in efforts to enhance Fusarium head blight in hard red spring wheat.
"OMG, I Get Like 100 Teaspoons of Sugar a Day!" Rural Teens' Grasp of Their Beverage Consumption Habits

As part of a campaign to encourage healthier beverage consumption in a rural New Mexico high school, we wanted to understand students' perceptions of their habits, and the associated health risks and benefits surrounding water and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption to influence future messaging to change behavior. We conducted a posthoc qualitative analysis of 27 student interviews from the program evaluation with both students who participated in the campaign and those who did not. Pre-campaign, students appeared largely unaware of the health risks posed by their beverage consumption habits, lacking any knowledge of nutritional recommendations, water recommendations, or of the sugar levels in products. When informed of the risks, students expressed concern for themselves, their family members, and friends, indicated a desire to make significant changes, and reported making changes for themselves, and educating others regarding the risks. Given the large amounts of money spent and concentrated efforts focused on marketing SSBs to teens, it is critically important to be educating teens and engaging them in behavior change strategies. These data can inform future strategies to improve teen health behaviors and encourage teens to become family health messengers for obesity and diabetes prevention.
Eudaimonic Media in Lived Experience: Retrospective Responses to Eudaimonic vs. Non-Eudaimonic Films

The present study examines the self-reported impact of viewing more versus less eudaimonic Hollywood films using a retrospective study design. We investigate the role of three novel constructs in u...
An Interpretation of the 2019 Chicago Teachers’ Strike Through the Ethics of Care

The broad success of the 2018–2019 #RedforEd (“Red for Education”) movement in achieving more equitable outcomes for not only teachers but also other constituents in the community has generated interest in the role of teacher strikes in defending the common good. My article contributes to this conversation by interpreting the demands made by teachers and paraprofessionals and school-related personnel (PSRPs) in the 2019 Chicago Public Schools (CPS) strike through an ethics of care. Enlisting the notions of caring-for, completion, and competence from care ethics, this analysis elucidates the strike demands–namely, smaller class sizes, more bilingual education teachers and special education teachers, and adequate staffing of PSRPs providing wraparound services for high-needs students–as aiming at securing conditions for CPS faculty to provide better care for their students. This article also brings to light the varied and complex requirements placed on CPS faculty in their caring work in schools and as such, proposes an educator’s ethical commitment to care for students as one plausible reason for some educators to leave the classroom for the picket line. I suggest, further, that educators, by striking, are enacting a political form of caring termed caring-with alongside fellow citizens and advocating collective responsibility in caring for all persons as care receivers and care givers. The 2019 CPS strike can therefore be seen as a response not only to disinvestment in public schools and teachers, but to the broader crisis of care deficit and democratic deficit in society.
Impeding Dispossession, Enabling Repossession: Biological Open Source and the Recovery of Seed Sovereignty

Corporate appropriation of genetic resources, development and deployment of transgenic varieties, and the global imposition of intellectual property rights are now widely recognized as moments of accumulation by dispossession. Though robust and globally distributed, opposition to such processes have been largely defensive in orientation, and even accommodationist in demands for the development of market mechanisms for compensating those from whom germplasm is being collected. A more radical stance founded on legal and operational mechanisms drawn from the open-source software movement could not only function to impede processes of dispossession, but might actually facilitate the repossession of ‘seed sovereignty’. Implementation of ‘biological open-source’ arrangements could plausibly undergird the creation of a protected commons populated by farmers and plant breeders whose materials would be freely available and widely exchanged, but would be protected from appropriation by those who would monopolize them.