cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Properties of Methylene- and Amine-Substituted Zeolites from First Principles

All-silica zeolite frameworks doped with methylene and amine groups are studied using density functional theory-based electron structure calculations. Strain energies are calculated in a novel way, by comparing zeolite energies with appropriate polymer reference systems. The modified zeolites are found to be mechanically stable structures with surprisingly little strain. Distortions due to impurities result in broadened Si-O-Si angle distributions in the lattice surrounding defects. Our results suggest that zeolites can accommodate both methylene and amine groups at high concentrations with minimal strain. The amine-doped zeolites are strong Lewis bases suggesting novel applications in base catalysis.
Indoor tanning-related injuries treated in a national sample of US hospital emergency departments.

Indoor tanning exposes users to intense UV radiation, which is a known carcinogen.1 However, little is known about the more immediate adverse outcomes of indoor tanning. To our knowledge, this study provides the first national estimates of indoor tanning–related injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments (EDs).
Does the f 0 Particle Lie on the Pomeranchuk Trajectory

By means of current theories on Regge trajectories it is shown that the f/sup 0/ particle, which is a ceramic materia - ceramic materia resonance state at 1250 Mev with I = 0 and J = 2, can be interpreted in terms of the Pomeranchuk trajectory. (C.E.S)
Catheter probe–assisted endoluminal US in inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Background: Use of an echocolonoscope to examine patients with inflammatory bowel disease is technically difficult. Catheter probe assisted endoluminal ultrasonography (US) may be a feasible alternative. Methods: Determination of demographic information and clinical disease activity was followed by colonoscopy with biopsy. Catheter probe assisted endoluminal US was performed with measurements of thickness of the intestinal wall and evaluation of the structure of the sonographic layers. Results: Twenty-eight patients, 7 with ulcerative colitis, 11 with Crohn's disease, and 10 healthy control subjects participated in a prospective study. Mean colonic wall thickness was 2.2 ± 0.1 mm (controls) compared with 4.1 ± 0.4 mm (ulcerative colitis) ( p p r = 0.84, p = 0.02). Among patients with Crohn's disease, loss of endosonographic layer structure correlated with disease activity score ( r = –0.8, p = 0.003), and colonic wall thickness correlated with the severity of histologic changes ( r = 0.62, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Catheter probe–assisted endoluminal US is technically feasible in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Endosonographic measurements of colonic wall thickness and layer structure provide clinically significant information. (Gastrointest Endosc 1999;50:41-6.)
Europe, Continent of Migrants

Gender and Migration in Southern Europe: Women on the Move. Floya Anthias and Gabriella Lazaridis. eds. New York: Berg, 2000. 263 pp. Eldorado or Fortress? Migration in Southern Europe. Russell King. Gabriella Lazaridis. and Charalambos G. Tsadanidis. eds. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000. 368 pp. Guests and Aliens. Saskia Sassen. New York: The New Press, 1999. 202 pp.
What is the yield of screening echocardiography in pediatric syncope

Objective. To determine the yield of screening echocardiography in the evaluation of pediatric syncope. Design. All patients diagnosed with syncope from January 1993 to January 1999 were identified and their records were reviewed for age, weight, sex, year of presentation, personal and family history, physical examination, and cardiac diagnostic testing. Cardiac defects were identified by reviewing echocardiograms and reports. Results. The 480 patients (268 females) ranged in age from 1.5 to 18.0 years old and ranged in weight from 10.3 to 113.6 kg. Final diagnoses included noncardiac causes in 458, long QT syndrome in 14, arrhythmias in 6, and cardiomyopathy in 2. An abnormal history, physical examination, or electrocardiogram identified 21 of the 22 patients with a cardiac cause of syncope. Of the 322 (67%) echocardiograms performed, abnormalities were detected in 37. These abnormalities included 26 minor valve anomalies, 7 hemodynamically insignificant shunt lesions, 2 mildly decreased left ventricular shortening fractions, and 2 cardiomyopathies. Only the 2 cardiomyopathies were considered to be potential causes of syncope, and in both cases, the electrocardiogram was markedly abnormal. A similar percentage of echocardiograms were ordered during the first and last 3 years of the study (61% vs 71%). Conclusion. History, physical examination, and electrocardiography provide a screening protocol that allows the identification of a cardiac cause of syncope in the overwhelming majority of pediatric patients. In the absence of a positive screen result, the echocardiogram does not contribute to the evaluation of syncope in children. We speculate that primary care providers and pediatric cardiologists continue to use echocardiography because of the paucity of data regarding its value in pediatric syncope. However, this study shows little benefit of screening echocardiography and should discourage its routine use.
Boll Weevil Sex Attractant: Isolation Studies

Techniques for isolating the sex attractant of the boll weevil Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were studied. Aeration of live insects, extraction procedures, column chromatography on Florisil® and Carbowax 20M® coated silica gel, and steam distillation of male and mixed weevils and of fecal material are described. Bioassays of the fractions obtained indicated that steam distillation of male or mixed insects or fecal material is the preferred method of isolating the attractant.
High Q resonances in FSS

Periodic surfaces behave as frequency selective surfaces (FSS), and many parameters affect their performance. One of the parameters that is known to strongly influence the behaviour of FSS is the angle of the incident field. However, in previous work, the extent to which this parameter can influence the resonance characteristics has not been fully investigated. It is shown that changing the angle of incidence by only 1 degree can make a big difference. The authors follow the method presented by Montgomery (1975), which is briefly described.
Multiscale interactions between surface shear stress and velocity in turbulent boundary layers

parameterizations used in numerical models of turbulent boundary layers. In this study, high-frequencymeasurementsobtainedinawindtunnelareusedtoidentifydominantscales of interaction (quantified in terms of scale-dependent linear correlation) between wind velocity and shear stress via wavelet cross-correlation analysis. Three ranges of scales of interaction are identified: (1) in the inertial subrange the correlation is negligible; (2) in the energy production range the correlation follows a logarithmic law and exhibits scale invariance under normalization of scale with distance to the surface, z; and (3) for scales larger than the boundary layer height, d, the correlation reaches a plateau value which is a functionofz/d.Ourresultsallowustoestimatethelinearcorrelationbetweenshearstressand wind velocity at multiple scales and assess the reliability of typical boundary condition formulations in numerical models (for instance, large-eddy simulation) that compute shear stress (or its fluctuations) as a linear function of wind velocity at the first vertical grid point. INDEX TERMS: 3307 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Boundary layer processes; 3322 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Land/atmosphere interactions; 3337 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Numerical modeling and data assimilation; KEYWORDS: wavelets, shear stress, boundary layers
IL-12 enhances efficacy and shortens enrichment time in cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy.

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are T cell derived ex vivo expanded cells with both NK and T cell properties. They exhibit potent anti-tumor efficacy against various malignancies in preclinical models and have proven safe and effective in clinical studies. We combined CIK cell adoptive immunotherapy with IL-12 cytokine immunotherapy in an immunocompetent preclinical breast cancer model. Combining CIK cells with IL-12 increased anti-tumor efficacy in vivo compared to either therapy alone. Combination led to full tumor remission and long-term protection in 75% of animals. IL-12 treatment sharply increased the anti-tumor efficacy of short-term cultured CIK cells that exhibited no therapeutic effect alone. Bioluminescence imaging based in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo homing assays revealed that short-term cultured CIK cells exhibit full cytotoxicity in vitro, but display different tumor homing properties than fully expanded CIK cells in vivo. Our data suggest that short-term cultured CIK cells can be “educated” in vivo, producing fully expanded CIK cells upon IL-12 administration with anti-tumor efficacy in a mouse model. Our findings demonstrate the potential to improve current CIK cell-based immunotherapy by increasing efficacy and shortening ex vivo expansion time. This holds promise for a highly efficacious cancer therapy utilizing synergistic effects of cytokine and cellular immunotherapy.
Intensity and polarization nano-patterns in a 2D system of interacting dipoles

We demonstrated that predicted by us phenomenon of sub-wavelength nano-stratification of local field is feasible not only for 1D, but also for 2D-structures, where it can produce huge field enhancement via size-related resonances.
Characterization of JAZ-interacting bHLH transcription factors that regulate jasmonate responses in Arabidopsis

The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) plays important roles in the regulation of plant defence and development. JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins inhibit transcription factors that regulate early JA-responsive genes, and JA-induced degradation of JAZ proteins thus allows expression of these response genes. To date, MYC2 is the only transcription factor known to interact directly with JAZ proteins and regulate early JA responses, but the phenotype of myc2 mutants suggests that other transcription factors also activate JA responses. To identify JAZ1-interacting proteins, a yeast two-hybrid screen of an Arabidopsis cDNA library was performed. Two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins, MYC3 and MYC4, were identified. MYC3 and MYC4 share high sequence similarity with MYC2, suggesting they may have similar biological functions. MYC3 and MYC4 interact not only with JAZ1 but also with other JAZ proteins (JAZ3 and JAZ9) in both yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays. MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 were all capable of inducing expression of JAZ::GUS reporter constructs following transfection of carrot protoplasts. Although myc3 and myc4 loss-of-function mutants showed no phenotype, transgenic plants overexpressing MYC3 and MYC4 had higher levels of anthocyanin compared to the wild-type plants. In addition, roots of MYC3 overexpression plants were hypersensitive to JA. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR expression analysis of nine JA-responsive genes revealed that eight of them were induced in MYC3 and MYC4 overexpression plants, except for a pathogen-responsive gene, PDF1.2. Similar to MYC2, MYC4 negatively regulates expression of PDF1.2. Together, these results suggest that MYC3 and MYC4 are JAZ-interacting transcription factors that regulate JA responses.
Longitudinal Assessment of Colonic Tumor Fate in Mice by Computed Tomography and Optical Colonoscopy

Rationale and Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative merits of micro-computed tomograph colonography (mCTC) and optical colonoscopy (OC) for longitudinal studies of colonic tumors in mice. Materials and Methods Colonic tumors in mice carrying the Min allele of Apc were followed over several weeks using mCTC and OC. A total of 146 colonic tumors were monitored: 62 in 32 untreated Min mice, 53 in 43 Min mice treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 31 in 17 Min mice treated with piroxicam. Results Colonic tumors in Min mice had three different spontaneous fates: 29 grew, 24 remained static, and 9 regressed. Treating Min mice with 5-FU increased the percentage of regressing tumors from 15% to 58%. The response was dependent in part on the initial size of the tumor. By contrast, treating Min mice with piroxicam did not alter colonic tumor fate. Conclusions mCTC and OC can be used to determine the spontaneous fates of colonic tumors in mice and to document their individual responses to treatment. The ability to follow individually annotated colonic tumors reduces the number of mice needed for testing.
Caring for children: a model of healthcare service quality in Bangladesh

Objective. This study assesses the links between service quality and patient satisfaction in the context of health services delivered to children in a developing country. With the growing importance of patients’ voice in the healthcare environment, it is important to assess the factors that are best able to explain patient satisfaction to influence the art and science of patient care and health service delivery. Design. A field survey was conducted using a household survey to assess the quality of services provided to children who had been to a hospital in the past 12 months. Participants. Caregivers who had accompanied an afflicted child to a hospital in Dhaka City. Main outcome measures. Patient satisfaction was the main outcome/dependent variable as reflected in surrogate measures obtained from the children’s accompanying caregivers. Results. A regression model was tested. The independent variables were nurse composite, doctor composite, tangibles, health inputs and facilitation payments. The model explained 67.4% of the variation in the dependent variable (R 2 ). The behavior of nurses had the greatest impact on satisfaction (P , 0.001) as reflected in the standardized betas, followed by the behavior of doctors (P , 0.001). Facilitation payments had a negative effect on satisfaction (P , 0.01). Conclusions. Bringing about attitude change among doctors, nurses and support staff is vital for improving children’s satisfaction with hospital care. Installing proper recruitment procedures, training, supervision, and reward systems are most likely to facilitate this change. But similar changes are also needed elsewhere: in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, other facilitating ministries, as well as the development partners to achieve enduring and positive effects.
Stability Analysis of Hybrid Composite Dynamical Systems: Descriptions Involving Operators and Difference Equations

We address the stability analysis of composite hybrid dynamical feedback systems of the type depicted in Figure 1, consisting of a block (usually the plant) which is described by an operator L and of a finite dimensional block described by a system of difference equations (usually a digital controller). We establish results for the well-posedness, attractivity, asymptotic stability, uniform boundedness, asymptotic stability in the large, and exponential stability in the large for such systems. The hypotheses of our results are phrased in terms of the I/O properties of L and in terms of the Lyapunov stability properties of the subsystem described by the indicated difference equations. The applicability of our results is demonstrated by two specific examples.
The prestige of dermatologists. Are they "last among equals"?

: Dermatology generally has been rated low in past studies of the prestige of medical specialties when the raters have been doctors and/or medical students. This investigation considers whether dermatologists maintain their relatively unfavorable position in the specialty prestige hierarchy when the raters are members of the lay public. Four hundred respondents ranked dermatology last out of ten specialties in ascribed esteem, perceived income, and assigned social value, suggesting that dermatologists are less well regarded by the public than are other doctors. Moreover, the relatively low prestige of dermatology appears to be largely independent of a rater's personal experience.
Family Violence and Aggression and Their Associations With Psychosocial Functioning in Jamaican Adolescents

The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationships among selected family interaction variables and psychosocial outcomes in a sample of Jamaican adolescents. The authors hypothesized that adolescent psychosocial outcomes would be negatively associated with physical violence, verbal aggression would be more potent than physical violence, and the combined effect of all aggression and violence would be more detrimental than either form of aggression by itself. Overall, the results supported the authors’ hypotheses about the detrimental effects of negative family interactions on children’s well-being. All the parent–child and interadult variables were positively associated with problematic adolescents’ adjustment. However, the verbal aggression variables indicated a greater adverse effect than the physical violence variables. Additionally, the combined effect of parent–child and interadult aggression and violence indicated greater detriment to adjustment than each factor by itself. Interpretati...
Axiomatic Majority-Decision Logic

An algebra suited to logical design with majority-decision elements (parametrons, Esaki diodes, etc.) is developed axiomatically. The utility of the new algebra is demonstrated by resolving sample problems.
Characteristics of Frail Patients in a Geriatric-HIV Program: The Experience of an Urban Academic Center at One Year Follow-Up

Introduction: Frailty syndrome has not been explored in depth in elderly HIV-infected patients. Methods: As of December 2009, a total of 60 patients (out of 160 patients > 60 years) were screened and 20 patients were transferred to our newly created Geriatrics-HIV program. We divided this group of already ‘‘frail patients’’ in three different subgroups; the mildly, moderately and the very frail groups based on the number of domains failed during the initial geriatrics screening. Results: The percentages of mildly, moderately, and severely frail elderly patients in our cohort were 20% 50% and 30% respectively. The most common comorbidities found were HTN (60%), and history of AIDS-related opportunistic infections (40%). Smoking was highly prevalent in all groups. The average number of medications used per patient was 8.1 with 65% of patients being compliant with their regimens. Discussion: We found that cognitive impairment, presence of comorbidities, high number of medications used, and past history of an...
Brain iron: a promising noninvasive biomarker of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder that warrants further investigation.

Much progress has been made in the last 10 years in understanding the neural correlates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet there remains no established, clinically useful biomarker of ADHD [1]. Along with findings of aberrant brain volumes, cortical thickness, tissue microstructure, neural activation and neurotransmitter levels [1], recent findings of atypical brain iron levels have added another promising avenue to examine.
Smectite to illite conversion rates; effects of solution chemistry

Mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) was formed by reacting the Chambers or Polkville montmoril- lonite hydrothermally at 270 ~ and 350~ from several hours to more than 15 weeks. Reactions were con- ducted in closed vessels containing K or mixed K-Na, K-Ca, or K-Mg solutions of varying concentrations. The reaction rate and the rate of ordering of I/S for the reaction smectite + K § ~ mixed-layer I/S + SiO2 was inhibited by the addition of Na § Ca 2+, and Mg2+; the inhibitory strength of Na +, Ca 2§ and Mg 2+, on an equivalent basis, increased approximately in the ratio 1:10:30. The first order reaction-rate constants for the reactions at 270 ~ and 350~ indicate an activation energy of about 30 kcal/mole. In the experimental system studied, the reaction smectite -~ mixed-layer I/S appeared to proceed by solid state transformation, as suggested by: (1) rapid dissolution of large amounts of silica, probably creating an AI-enriched residue; (2) similarity of particle size and morphology of the mixed-layer products to those of the original montmorillonite, implying no extensive dissolution of A13+; and (3) relatively high activation energy compared to published values for silicate dissolution.
Normalizing Sexual Violence Young Women Account for Harassment and Abuse

Despite high rates of gendered violence among youth, very few young women report these incidents to authority figures. This study moves the discussion from the question of why young women do not report them toward how violence is produced, maintained, and normalized among youth. The girls in this study often did not name what law, researchers, and educators commonly identify as sexual harassment and abuse. How then, do girls name and make sense of victimization? Exploring violence via the lens of compulsory heterosexuality highlights the relational dynamics at play in this naming process. Forensic interviews with youth revealed patterns of heteronormative scripts appropriated to make sense of everyday harassment, violence, coercion, and consent. Findings inform discussions about the links between dominant discourses and sexual subjectivities as we try to better understand why many regard violence a normal part of life.
Pyocyanin Alters Redox Homeostasis and Carbon Flux through Central Metabolic Pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces colorful, redox-active antibiotics called phenazines. Excretion of pyocyanin, the best-studied natural phenazine, is responsible for the bluish tint of sputum and pus associated with P. aeruginosa infections in humans. Although the toxicity of pyocyanin for other bacteria, as well as its role in eukaryotic infection, has been studied extensively, the physiological relevance of pyocyanin metabolism for the producing organism is not well understood. Pyocyanin reduction by P. aeruginosa PA14 is readily observed in standing liquid cultures that have consumed all of the oxygen in the medium. We investigated the physiological consequences of pyocyanin reduction by assaying intracellular concentrations of NADH and NAD+ in the wild-type strain and a mutant defective in phenazine production. We found that the mutant accumulated more NADH in stationary phase than the wild type. This increased accumulation correlated with a decrease in oxygen availability and was relieved by the addition of nitrate. Pyocyanin addition to a phenazine-null mutant also decreased intracellular NADH levels, suggesting that pyocyanin reduction facilitates redox balancing in the absence of other electron acceptors. Analysis of extracellular organic acids revealed that pyocyanin stimulated stationary-phase pyruvate excretion in P. aeruginosa PA14, indicating that pyocyanin may also influence the intracellular redox state by decreasing carbon flux through central metabolic pathways.
Numerically stable fast transversal filters for recursive least squares adaptive filtering

A solution is proposed to the long-standing problem of the numerical instability of fast recursive least squares transversal filter (FTF) algorithms with exponential weighting, an important class of algorithms for adaptive filtering. A framework for the analysis of the error propagation in FTF algorithms is first developed; within this framework, it is shown that the computationally most efficient 7N form is exponentially unstable. However, by introducing redundancy into this algorithm, feedback of numerical errors becomes possible; a judicious choice of the feedback gains then leads to a numerically stable FTF algorithm with a complexity of 8N multiplications and additions per time recursion. The results are presented for the complex multichannel joint-process filtering problem. >
A Service-Oriented, Cyber-Physical Reference Model for Smart Grid

This chapter presents a cyber-physical reference model for smart grid. Most of the early smart grid applications have been developed in an ad-hoc manner, without any underlying framework. The proposed reference model addresses this issue and enables the design of smart grid as a robust system that is extensible to the future. The proposed reference model is based on service-oriented computing paradigm and is compatible with the existing service-oriented technologies, used in enterprise computing, such as Web Services. However, it also extends these technologies for handling the hard real-time aspects of smart grid by introducing resource-aware service deployment and quality-of-service (QoS)-aware service monitoring phases. According to the proposed reference model, each smart grid scenario is characterized by three elements: (1) an application model that describes the smart grid applications to be supported by the system as a set of resource- and QoS-aware service descriptions, (2) a platform model that describes the smart grid platform as a set of computing nodes, communication links, sensors, actuators, and power system entities, and (3) a set of algorithms that enable resource-aware service deployment, QoS-aware service discovery, and QoS-aware service monitoring. This chapter also presents typical development steps of a smart grid application according to the proposed reference model. Moreover, this chapter identifies a number of technological requirements that can enable the development of smart grid applications according to the proposed reference model. Although the development of these required technologies is a topic of ongoing research, this chapter identifies some potential solution approaches, based on state-of-the-art techniques from realtime systems literature. The case study of a demand response application has been employed to explain the various aspects of the proposed smart grid reference model.
Prototype of Environment Analytics Driven Autonomous Vehicle

Exploring the soil information of an unknown terrain on the extraterrestrial is one of the major missions of space exploitation and human colonization. Using the autonomous vehicle to facilitate the soils sampling process is an emerging technology; it has been applied many times in the previous missions of Moon and Mars. This paper takes advantage of the nature of soil-zonality to propose a novel algorithm to traverse an area to save time and energy of the autonomous vehicle. Three searching tactics to suggest the vehicle to move next location, including: (1) fundamental— based on the patterns of soil map; (2) density—based on the higher scale first principle; and (3) statistical—based on the soil information gathered from the previous scan. This paper also argues using the statistical analysis as the soil properties sample comparison tool will be less cost from present practice—visually remote controlled and grabbing the samples back for later analysis.
Improving Student Job Placement and Assessment Through the Use of Digital Marketing Certification Programs

The area of digital marketing is a difficult one for course development. Not only is it a relatively new topic area—having become popular after many marketing faculty completed their academic training—it is a constantly changing one wherein “innovative” tools are continuously being replaced within the industry. After uncovering what topics should be taught through a content analysis of entry-level job postings, the author researched and implemented certification programs in Web analytics, inbound marketing, social media, and e-mail marketing. Using the certification programs improved course organization and increased the success rate of students in the job market.
Research Utilization: Reconnecting Research and Practice

Barriers to the use of research in practice include problems with the availability of research, the manner in which it is presented, and the use of the research. They also include barriers in the setting and "shortcomings" of individual nurses. Most approaches to increasing research utilization have focused on the "shortcomings" of clinicians. A more useful approach is to make changes in both education and practice to rejoin researchers and clinicians and to reconnect the conduct and use of research.
Mono- and Dimetalation of a Tridentate Bisimidazole-Phosphine Ligand

A bisimidazole-phosphine ligand, PhP[(CH2)2ImArMe2]2, has been prepared and has been metalated using [Cp*Ru(μ3-Cl)]4, generating a bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)-phosphine Ru(II) species through ligand coordination followed by tautomerization. This is the first example of an NHC–donor–NHC complex with two unsubstituted N–H wingtips. Furthermore, a second metal center was installed by deprotonation of both N–H wingtips and subsequent salt metathesis to generate Ru(II)–Fe(II) and Ru(II)–Co(II) bimetallic complexes.
A note on Trachylejeunea chinensis (Hepaticae, Lejeuneaceae)

Trachylejeunea chinensis was originally described by Herzog (1930) based on two collections made by Handel-Mazzetti in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan, in 1914 and 1915, respectively. The systematic position of this species has always been doubtful. Herzog (1930) placed it in Trachylejeunea, but with a question mark. Till now, no records of the species have been added, although the Hepaticae and Anthocerotae in Sichuan and Yunnan have been investigated recently by several bryologists (Piippo & al., 1997, 1998). During recent visits to the Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming (KUN), and the Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang (IFP), the first author found an additional collection, made by X.-J. Li in Yunnan in 1985. Our study of the type specimens and the additional collection reveals that T. chinensis belongs in fact to the genus Lejeunea. The species shows the diagnostic features typical of Lejeunea, including (1) a hyaline papilla proximal to the apical tooth of the leaf lobule; (2) 7 large cortical cells surrounding 9-13 small medullary cells in stem transection; (3) the absence of secondary pigmentation; (4) the lack of ocelli in the leaf lobe; (5) a lejeuneoid gynoecial innovation sometimes again bearing a gynoecium; (6) rounded leaf apices; (7) an obovate, smooth perianth with 5 keels; (8) a female bracteole that is connate with one or both bract lobules at its base; and (9) a finely punctate cuticle. As noted by Evans (1903), Schuster (1963, 1980), and Thiers (1986), Trachylejeunea can be readily distinguished from Lejeunea by (1) papillose leaf cells; (2) gynoecial innovation usually absent but, when present, pycnolejeuneoid; (3) the presence of ocelli at the base of the leaf lobe; and (4) a papillose, club-shaped, five-keeled perianth. As shown in Fig. 1, Lejeunea chinensis is a well characterised species, easily recognised by (1) male bracteoles present throughout the androecium; (2) large, imbricate underleaves; (3) a single gynoecial innovation sometimes again bearing a gynoecium; (4) a large, strongly inflated leaf lobule with a square or rectangular apical tooth; (5) a ventral margin of leaf lobe that is more or less incurved; (6) basal cells of the leaf lobule apex that are usually slightly incurved towards the base of leaf lobule; (7) ovate, convex leaves with an arched dorsal margin; (8) thin to slightly thickened leaf cells with weak to moderately large trigones and intermediate thickenings; and (9) usually a finely punctate leaf cuticle. L. chinensis fits into the per-
Assessing the Determinants and Stability of Self-Control Into Adulthood

The stability hypothesis of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime has received limited support in the literature. However, recent research on the dimensions of self-control suggests varied developmental trends that may conflate the idea of stability. Using a sample of more than 300 individuals from the northeastern United States, this study examines the stability hypothesis across early adulthood and expands the current literature by considering the early childhood risk factors that may distinguish between longitudinal trajectories of self-control. Finally, a reduced, multidimensional version of the behavior problem index for measuring self-control is introduced. Results show evidence of relative stability in three dimensions of self-control, and that sex predicts trajectory group membership. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Violent Rhetoric in Protracted Group Conflicts Experimental Evidence from Israel and India

How do messages from political elites interact with individual traits of citizens to spur intergroup aggression? Building on research in social psychology, we expect that in places of protracted conflict, violent rhetoric from elites will be enough to mobilize antagonism toward an outgroup, especially among those who are generally less apt to be hostile toward the outgroup. We present results from two large survey experiments, the first conducted with young Jewish-Israeli adults across Israel and the second with a nationally diverse sample of adults in India. The results show that mild “fighting” words (e.g. “battle,” “fight”), combined with a reference to the outgroup, provoke significantly greater support for policies that harm the outgroup among some citizens. This effect is largest among individuals low in outgroup prejudice and low in aggressive personality traits, people who are usually less inclined to support policies that hurt the outgroup. Effects of violent rhetoric persist even with policies a...
A microfluidics-based on-chip impinger for airborne particle collection.

Capturing airborne particles from air into a liquid is a critical process for the development of many sensors and analytical systems. A miniaturized airborne particle sampling device (microimpinger) has been developed in this research. The microimpinger relies on a controlled bubble generation process produced by driving air through microchannel arrays. The particles confined in the microscale bubbles are captured in the sampling liquid while the bubbles form, are released and travel in a millimetre-scale sealed liquid reservoir. The microchannel arrays in the impinger are fabricated using a soft-lithography method with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the structural material. To prevent air leakage at the connections, a PDMS-only sealing technique is successfully developed. The hydrophobicity of the microchannel surface is found to be critical for generating continuous and stable bubbles in the bubbling process. A Teflon layer is coated on the walls of a microchannel array by vapor deposition which effectively increases the hydrophobicity of the PDMS. The collection efficiency of the microimpinger is measured by counting different sizes of fluorescent polystyrene latex particles on polycarbonate membrane filters. Collection efficiencies above 90% are achieved. Furthermore, the particle capturing mechanisms during the injection, formation and rise of a single microbubble are investigated by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved along with the use of the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method to capture the bubble deformations and the particles are tracked using a Lagrangian equation of motion. The model is also employed to study the effect of bubble size on the collection efficiency of the microimpinger.
The Effect of Environmental Temperature on Development of Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G.Sm.

This research demonstrated that one of the major factors affecting the growth of Sagittaria platyphylla is temperature.Given the same planting condition,a plant will flowerbud in spring after being treated in 5～15℃ growing temperature for 8 weeks.After flowering,some plants will bear fruits.While the control group,without low temperature treatment,showed no flowerbud differentiation in its vegetative growth.
Medical ethics in sport

Two case reports illustrate the dilemmas often faced by physicians who work with amateur athletes. In addition to the obvious conflicts, the authors discuss subtle influences that complicate the picture.
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX : DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT

The pathologic potential of chronic esophagitis cannot be overemphasized. Persistent reflux causing cycles of mucosal damage followed by healing may eventually lead to end-stage disease, with development of peptic stricture. The most effective drugs available are those that inhibit acid production. Drugs that will enhance lower esophageal function are still in the future.
Definitions for Design by Composition

The design by composition approach is based on two geometric elements: primitives and compacts. Primitives are the three dimensional shapes that designers use to create part and mechanism designs. Compacts represent the volumes of material that will be deposited in each step of the SFF fabrication process. This chapter contains detailed definitions of these and other terms used in this book.
Electronic properties of the Ag/Ge (111) interface

Abstract When silver is deposited onto Ge(111)c(2 × 8), the interface may undergo a (3 × 1), (4 × 4), (√3 × √3)R30 and eventually a (6 × 6) reconstruction. By using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in the current-imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS) mode, we obtained important new information on the electronic properties of these coexisting reconstructions. The c(2 × 8), (3 × 1) and (4 × 4) reconstructions are non-metallic with tunneling gaps of 0.45, 0.85 and 0.85 eV, respectively, while the (√3 × √3)R30° reconstruction is manifestly metallic. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) data reveal Δ q | = 0 excitation gaps which match the tunneling gaps from CITS. In addition, EELS indicates that increasing the Ag density in the metallic (√3 × √3)R30° phase initiates a gradual metal-non-metal transition. This transition is completed with the formation of a high-density (6 × 6) reconstruction with a band gap of 0.18 eV. We propose that the (4 × 4), (√3 × √3)R30° and (6 × 6) structures have a Ge trimer unit in common.
Abstract 1809: Next-generation brachytherapy: a preclinical study of a thermally stabilized biopolymer gel for delivering intratumoral radionuclide therapy in a pancreatic tumor mouse model

The intratumoral delivery of radioactive therapeutics, a clinical technique known as brachytherapy, has proven very successful in treating solid cancers and become a prevalent option for treating prostate, breast, and melanoma tumors. The method typically involves the permanent implantation of 80-120 titanium ‘seeds’ encapsulating radioactive isotopes and requires expert spatial placement to ensure full dose coverage. The disadvantages of the seeds include a complicated implantation process, the permanence of the implants, migration of seeds to off-target sites, and that the titanium shielding limits the application of radionuclides which could treat more aggressive forms of cancer. As such, we have developed a next-generation brachytherapy alternative to solid seeds using an injectable, biodegradable, biocompatible and thermosensitive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP). Through recombinant design and synthesis, ELP exhibits a thermal phase transition (soluble-to-insoluble) when heated above 21°C. This allows radionuclide-bearing ELP to be easily handled as a fluid at room temperature, but enables spontaneous self-assembly into a stable brachytherapy gel upon intratumoral injection at body temperature. Previously, we demonstrated the efficacy of ELP brachytherapy in treating both s.c. human hypopharyngeal tumors and orthotopic human prostate tumors xenografted in mice models. Treatment options for pancreatic cancer remain limited due to a large proportion of patients presenting with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Trials investigating the use of brachytherapy as a neo-adjuvant for shrinking pancreatic tumors prior to surgery or as an adjuvant to inhibit recurrence have provided encouragement. By conjugating the more potent radionuclide 131-Iodine to ELP, we investigated the ability of ELP brachytherapy to treat more clinically aggressive pancreatic tumors. Utilizing a human CRL-1687 cell line transfected to express luciferase (BxPc3-luc2), human pancreatic tumors were xenografted into an orthotopic, athymic nu/nu mouse model. Upon reaching 150 mm^3 in size, mice were treated either with [131I]-ELP brachytherapy (n = 6), at a dose of 5.83 μCi/mm^3, or with an ELP-only control injection (n = 6). Tumor response was tracked non-invasively using luminescent imaging for 60 days. The ELP brachytherapy demonstrated significant tumor inhibition (p Citation Format: Jeffrey Laurence Schaal, Wenge Liu, Ashutosh Chilkoti, Xinghai Li, Eric Mastria, Michael R. Zalutsky. Next-generation brachytherapy: a preclinical study of a thermally stabilized biopolymer gel for delivering intratumoral radionuclide therapy in a pancreatic tumor mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1809. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1809
Ecological limits to local species richness in Dusky Salamanders (genus Desmognathus)

Species richness commonly varies with elevation, but in many montane regions, the greatest number of species occurs at mid-elevations. A recent regional analysis showed this pattern in Appalachian salamanders of the genus Desmognathus Baird, 1850. The authors proposed that the phylogenetic niche conservatism of these salamanders causes species to accumulate at intermediate elevations, which are characterized by the ancestral climate for the genus. They further suggested that physiological tolerances limit dispersal into higher or lower elevations. We tested this hypothesis using geographic information systems (GIS) based analysis of 235 local Desmognathus communities. Consistent with the regional analysis, local species richness was greatest at mid-elevations. However, the number of species is not limited by physiological tolerances but appears to be restricted ecologically by climate variables favoring aridity, as well as by biotic factors. Whether such ecological limits on species richness at the local ...
Excess Dermal Tissue Remodeling In Vivo: Does It Settle?

Background:Surgical manipulation of skin may result in undesired puckering of excess tissue, which is generally assumed to settle over time. In this article, the authors address the novel question of how this excess tissue remodels.Methods:Purse-string sutures (6-0 nylon) were placed at the midline
Change is an emotional state of mind: Behavioral responses to online petitions:

Scholars are increasingly concerned about the rising level of negativity in social media sites. This negativity has found its way into sites that are supposedly intended for prosocial civic engagement. To examine how hostility impacts behavior in a user-generated, prosocial context, an experimental study was conducted using an online petition modeled after those posted to the website Change.org. This study examines whether negativity causes a contagion effect leading to more negativity and the different types of negativity that may occur. Results suggest that when users read negative-toned petitions, a contagion effect increases both anger and anxiety. However, our findings are not consistent with previous literature that argues anger leads to increased proactive behavior. Instead, we find that while anxiety leads to an increase in petition-related action, anger does not. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications for scholars and those looking to participate in social justice vi...
Memory Management in ARM

This chapter covers the ARM memory management unit (MMU) and virtual address space mappings. It explains the ARM MMU in detail and shows how to configure the MMU for virtual address mapping using both one-level and two-level paging. In addition, it also explains the distinction between low VA space and high VA space mappings and their implications on system implementations. Rather than only discussing the principles of memory management, it demonstrates the various kinds of virtual address mappings schemes by complete working example programs.
Allantoin Crystal Formation in Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Females.

Bagrada hilaris is a polyphagous herbivore reported as an invasive pest in the United States. During the course of dissecting Burmeister hilaris unique crystals were observed in both the midgut and oviducts. Crystals were identified using X-ray diffraction techniques. Both acicular (i.e., needle-like, slender, and/or tapered) and cubic (i.e., cube shaped) crystals were observed in six of 75 individuals examined (8.0%). The crystals were mainly observed in females (6.7%), followed by males (1.3%) with no crystals observed in the minimal number of nymphs examined (0%). Crystals of both types were detected in the midgut and lateral oviducts of the females and midgut in males. The acicular crystals often appeared as distinct bundles when present in the midgut and oviducts. Crystals varied in size with the acicular crystals ranging from 0.12 mm to 0.5 mm in length although the cubic crystals ranged in length from 0.25 mm to over 1.0 mm with widths of ∼0.25 mm. The cubic crystals were identified as allantoin although the acicular crystals were most likely dl-allantoin in combination with halite. While allantoin in a soluble form is often found in insect tissues and excreta; being present as a crystal, especially in such a large form, is curious and raises some interesting questions. More research is warranted to further understand mechanisms associated with such crystal formation in B. hilaris and can lead to a better understanding of the excretory process in this species and the role allantoin plays in the elimination of excess nitrogen.
Braille Translation by Microcomputer

The use of a microcomputer system is being studied for carrying out the conversion between English in the form of individual characters and grade 2 Braille.
Measurement of the Energy and High-Pressure Dependence of X-ray-Induced Decomposition of Crystalline Strontium Oxalate

We report measurements of the X-ray-induced decomposition of crystalline strontium oxalate (SrC2O4) as a function of energy and high pressure in two separate experiments. SrC2O4 at ambient conditions was irradiated with monochromatic synchrotron X-rays ranging in energy from 15 to 28 keV. A broad resonance of the decomposition yield was observed with a clear maximum when irradiating with ∼20 keV X-rays and ambient pressure. Little or no decomposition was observed at 15 keV, which is below the Sr K-shell energy of 16.12 keV, suggesting that excitation of core electrons may play an important role in the destabilization of the C2O42– anion. A second experiment was performed to investigate the high-pressure dependence of the X-ray-induced decomposition of strontium oxalate at fixed energy. SrC2O4 was compressed in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) in the pressure range from 0 to 7.6 GPa with 1 GPa increments and irradiated in situ with 20 keV X-rays. A marked pressure dependence of the decomposition yield of SrC2O4 ...
CdSe Quantum Dots Functionalized with Chiral, Thiol-Free Carboxylic Acids: Unraveling Structural Requirements for Ligand-Induced Chirality.

Functionalization of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with chiral cysteine derivatives by phase-transfer ligand exchange proved to be a simple yet powerful method for the synthesis of chiral, optically active QDs regardless of their size and chemical composition. Here, we present induction of chirality in CdSe by thiol-free chiral carboxylic acid capping ligands (l- and d-malic and tartaric acids). Our circular dichroism (CD) and infrared experimental data showed how the presence of a chiral carboxylic acid capping ligand on the surface of CdSe QDs was necessary but not sufficient for the induction of optical activity in QDs. A chiral bis-carboxylic acid capping ligand needed to have three oxygen-donor groups during the phase-transfer ligand exchange to successfully induce chirality in CdSe. Intrinsic chirality of CdSe nanocrystals was not observed as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and reverse phase-transfer ligand exchange with achiral 1-dodecanethiol. Density functional theory geometry optimi...