cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neonatal polyamine depletion by α-difluoromethylornithine: effects on adenylyl cyclase cell signaling are separable from effects on brain region growth

Abstract Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and the polyamines play an essential role in brain cell replication and differentiation. We administered α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ODC, to neonatal rats on postnatal days 5–12, during the mitotic peak of the cerebellum, a treatment regimen that leads to selective growth inhibition and dysmorphology. In adulthood, cell signaling responses mediated through the adenylyl cyclase pathway were evaluated in order to determine if synaptic dysfunction extends to regions that appear to be otherwise unaffected by DFMO. Total adenylyl cyclase catalytic activity, evaluated with the direct enzymatic stimulant, Mn2+, was significantly elevated in male rats both in the cerebellum and in brain regions showing no growth retardation (cerebral cortex, brainstem); there were no significant effects in females. In contrast, signaling mediated through the G proteins that couple neurotransmitter receptors to adenylyl cyclase showed a deficit in the DFMO group, as evaluated with the response to fluoride; in males, there was no corresponding increase in activity as would have been expected solely from the enhancement of adenylyl cyclase, and in females, there was actually a significant decrease in the response to fluoride. Again, the deficits were not restricted to the cerebellum. Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase by isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist that acts through Gs, likewise displayed deficits in both males and females, and without distinction by brain region. These results indicate that the ODC/polyamine pathway plays a role in the development of cell signaling, and hence in neurotransmission, above and beyond its role in cell replication and differentiation. Given the fact that numerous drugs and environmental contaminants have been shown to alter ODC and the polyamines in the developing brain, our findings suggest that changes in brain region growth or structure are inadequate to predict the targeting of specific neurotransmitter or signaling pathways, and that gender-selective functional defects may be present despite the absence of morphological differences.
Physiological Properties of Zebra Finch Ventral Tegmental Area and Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Neurons

The neurotransmitter dopamine plays important roles in motor control, learning, and motivation in mammals and probably other animals as well. The strong dopaminergic projection to striatal regions ...
Flap thickness as a predictor of root coverage: a systematic review.

Background: Thick gingival tissue eases manipulation, maintains vascularity, and promotes wound healing during and after surgery. A few recent case reports correlate greater flap thickness to mean and complete root coverage after mucogingival therapy for recession defects. The aim of this systematic review is to appraise the current literature on this subject and to combine existing data to verify the presence of any association between gingival thickness and root coverage outcomes.Methods: Human studies that reported the number and class of recessions, measured flap thickness at a well-defined location, described the method of root coverage used, followed results for at least 3 months, and detailed mean root coverage underwent review and statistical analysis. Investigations were scored from 1 to 5 based on methodological quality. Weighted gingival thickness and weighted mean root coverage was calculated based on standard error. Statistical analysis used the Mann-Whitney test, analysis of variance (ANOVA)...
Neural Network Model for Asphalt Concrete Permeability

In this study, a four-layer feed-forward neural network is constructed and applied to determine a mapping associating mix design and testing factors of asphalt concrete samples with their performance in conductance to flow or permeability. To generate data for the neural network model, a total of 100 field cores from 50 different mixes (two replicate cores per mix) are tested in the laboratory for permeability and mix volumetric properties. The significant factors that affect asphalt permeability are identified using simple and multiple regression analysis. The analyses results show that permeability of an asphalt concrete is affected mainly by five factors: (1) air void ( Va ) ; (2) the grain size through which 10% materials pass ( d10 ) ; (3) the grain size through which 30% materials pass ( d30 ) ; (4) saturation, or the CoreLok Infiltration Coefficient (CIC); and (5) effective asphalt to dust ratio ( Pbe ∕ P0.075 ) . The significant factors are then used to define the domain of a neural network. Regar...
Allelic Variation of Gene Expression in Maize Hybrids

Allelic expression variation of nonimprinted autosomal genes has recently been uncovered in mouse hybrids and humans. The allelic expression variation is attributed to differences in noncoding DNA sequences and does not involve epigenetic regulation or gene imprinting. This expression variation is suggested to play important roles in determining phenotypic diversity. Virtually nothing is known about such allele-specific expression variation in a hybrid plant where two alleles are compared in the same genetic context. We examined parental transcript accumulation in maize (Zea mays) hybrids using allele-specific RT-PCR analysis. Among 15 genes analyzed, 11 showed differences at the RNA level, ranging from unequal expression of the two alleles (biallelic) to expression of a single allele (monoallelic). Maternal or paternal transmission had little effect on the allele-specific transcript ratio of nearly all genes analyzed, suggesting that parent-of-origin effect was minimal. We analyzed the allelic difference in genetically contrasting hybrids and hybrids under high planting density and drought stress. Whereas a genetically improved modern hybrid expressed both alleles, a less improved old hybrid frequently showed mono-allelic expression. Furthermore, the two alleles in the hybrid responded differentially to abiotic stresses. The results of allele-specific regulation in different tissues in responding to environment and stress suggest an unequivalent function of the parental alleles in the hybrid, which may have an impact on heterosis.
The Mindlessness of Organizational Behaviors

Much organizational behavior is argued to be performed mindlessly, on the basis of scripts learned through organizational socialization, work experience, and symbolic management. While scripts conserve cognitive capacity, provide a basis for organizing and evaluating behavior, legitimate organizational activities, moderate role conflict, andfacilitate sense making, prediction, and control, they also induce a lack of vigilance and authenticity in operating routines, and bunkered perceptions, premature closure, and superstitious learning in decision making. Directions for future research include documenting the existence and effects of mindlessness, and exploring the predisposing conditions of script processing and means of maximizing the functional and minimizing the dysfunctional aspects of scripts on organizational effectiveness.
Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of radiation proctitis: a case report and review of literature

Radiation proctitis is a frequent complication of pelvic radiation for cancer. This condition can present acutely within several weeks of radiation, or chronically many months or years after radiation, leading to rectal bleeding and transfusion-dependent anemia. Various medical and endoscopic therapies have been described to treat this condition; however, some patients fail to respond to the current standard therapies. Here we present a case of refractory radiation proctitis, with suboptimal response to other therapies, treated successfully with a novel method, radiofrequency ablation.
Non-linear hepatic first-pass metabolism of salicylamide in dogs after portacaval transposition.

The dose-dependent first-pass metabolism and pharmacokinetics of salicylamide (SAM) were studied at four dose levels in dogs before and after portacaval transposition. Four minutes after each p.o. dose, a tracer dose of [14C]SAM was given i.v. to determine clearance and bioavailability. Over the dosage range studied pretransposition, 5 to 40 mg/kg, bioavailability increased from 0.24 +/- 0.14 (mean +/- S.D.) to 0.76 +/- 0.20 (P less than .05). Clearance decreased from 3.4 +/- 1.0 to 0.6 +/- 0.11 liter/min (P less than .01) and half-life increased from 5.0 +/- 1.2 to 23.5 +/- 6.1 min (P less than .01). Over the dosage range studied post-transposition, 1.5 to 20 mg/kg, bioavailability increased from 0.31 +/- 0.09 to 0.99 +/- 0.08. Clearance and half-life had the same values and showed the same dose-dependence as in the normal dogs. The amount of SAM removed by the intestine during first-pass remained constant at about 1 mg/kg over the dose range given to the post-transposition animals. Therefore, although more easily saturable than the liver, the intestine plays an important role in first-pass metabolism of low p.o. doses of SAM. In contrast to previous results in the normal dog, the p.o. coadministration of sodium sulfate did not reduce the bioavailability of SAM in transposed dogs. This indicates that the nonlinear intestinal first-pass metabolism of SAM is not due to the depletion of the cosubstrate precursor, inorganic sulfate.
Toward a Microfluidics-Based Home Male Fertility Test

Consumers are increasingly interested in knowing more about their own health. One of the most familiar direct-to-consumer diagnostics tests has been the home pregnancy test. In this issue of Clinical Chemistry , Nosrati et al. (1) report their clever and practical approach toward developing a new point-of-care diagnostic test for another reproductive health need—the assessment of male fertility. The authors developed the test using paper, a familiar substrate used in pregnancy tests and the subject of a flurry of recent improvements in microfluidics (2). The authors placed at the bottom one laminate layer, and on top, paper layers patterned with wax (3). With the paper test they aimed to quantify sperm concentration via a dye that changes color in the presence of an enzyme (diaphorase flavoprotein) that resides within metabolically active human sperm. In one spot on the paper, the sample reacts directly with the dried dye. In a second spot, sperm must swim vertically through a highly viscous …
An Analysis of the Tax Holiday for Repatriation Under the Jobs Act

The American Jobs Creation Act (AJCA) of 2004 provided a one-time tax holiday for firms to repatriate foreign earnings. AJCA was intended to stimulate the economy by expediting the repatriation of foreign earnings and requiring that those repatriations be invested in domestic operations. This study investigates (1) who repatriated foreign earnings under the provisions of the Act, (2) why firms repatriated and (3) what the firms did with the repatriated funds. The study identifies 364 firms that repatriated approximately $283 billion under the Act. The only significant increase in expenditures for the repatriating firms was for stock repurchases, an expenditure specifically prohibited under the Act. Firms appear to have repatriated foreign earnings to take advantage of the tax savings without achieving the Act’s intended objective of increasing domestic investment. Firms’ failure to use the repatriated cash to increase domestic reinvestment appears to be associated with two circumstances: (1) the firms lacked domestic growth opportunities and (2) they could comply with the domestic investment requirements of AJCA without actually increasing investments in domestic operations.
The Value of Urgent Specialized Care for TIA and Minor Stroke.

Patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), characterized as a brief episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal cerebral ischemia without infarction, have the least amount of disability and the most to lose should they have a stroke. Patients with vanishing symptoms may slip through our systems for detecting acute stroke owing either to patients’ delays in seeking medical attention or clinicians’ assessments that urgent treatment is not needed. This lost opportunity is even more worrisome given the tremendous improvements in the quality of primary and secondary stroke prevention that include evidence-based treatments with antiplatelet and oral anticoagulation . . .
The Influence of Social Group and Context on Punishment Decisions: Insights from Social Neuroscience

Social psychology has argued that social factors influence some evil behavior (Fiske, et al., 2004). Obedience to authority (Milgram, 1974), conformity (Asch, 1948), and other forms of social influence (Darley & Latane, 1968; Zimbardo, 1971) cause people to unknowingly and unwillingly behave immorally. Nonetheless, punish decisions are motivated by desires to deter, revenge, and restoration (Carlsmith, et al., 2002), and altruistic punishment reinforces social norms (Fehr & Gachter, 2000). Neuroscience research has begun to reveal neural correlates of these decisions suggesting that cognitive and affective factors influence decisions to trust and punish (Seymour, Singer, & Dolan, 2006). In the context of economic games, people trust perceived immoral and disgusting groups less, punish them more, and punishment less on their behalf, for the same transgressions. Furthermore, perceived moral status and responsibility for moral status interact to affect punishment decision, possibly mediated by affective signals inherent to the transgressor. These data suggest that punishment decision makers should be aware of the fundamental attribution error of attributing behavior to the mind of the social target, paying no attention to their own minds as it makes real-life decisions.
Study on factors influencing germicidal efficacy of povidoneiodine

Objective:To observe the killing effect of povidoneiodine on familiar germs and its influencing factors.Methods:Iodomotry was used to test the iodine contents and suspension quantitative germicidal test was used for the study,according to Technical Standard for Disinfection(2002).Results:The iodine contents of the povidoneiodine was 10.05 g/L,and the decline rate for storaged 14 days at 54℃ or one year naturally at room temperature was less than 10%.The results showed that at 20℃,after exposing to the 50 mg/L water solution of povidoneiodine for 5 min,the killing logarithm of staphylococcus aureus was up to 5.00,and that of colon bacillus for 2min was up to 5.00 too,the effect to candida albicans up to 4.00 after exposing to the 60 mg/L availble idoine solution for 2 min.They all can reach the disinfection standard.At temperature 10℃,the killing logarithm of staphylococcus aureus in 10 min can reach the typical 5.00,when it is 30℃,the killing logarithm of staphylococcus aureus reach up to 6.3 in 10 min;When the pH value of the disinfectant solution decreased from 4.7 to 2.7,the killing logarithm of staphylococcus aureus after exposing to the 50 mg/L availble idoine solution for 5 min increased from 5.37 to 6.13;after exposing to the 50mg/L availble idoine solution for 5 min,the killing logarithm of staphylococcus aureus which contain 30 g/L calf serum just reach 2.06.Conclusion:The results suggest that the povidoneiodine had high sporicidal efficacy and good stability,and the sporicidal efficacy of povidoneiodine increased with higher concentration,temperature and lower pH value,and organic substance had high influence on its germicidal efficacy.
Abilities in Romantic Relationships and Well-Being Among Emerging Adults

ABSTRACTThe psychological well-being of emerging-adult college students may relate to their success in romantic relationships. One hundred forty-five emerging-adult undergraduate students (117 women, 28 men) completed an online questionnaire about their attachment style, dating anxiety, fear of being single, self-efficacy, subjective happiness, self-esteem, and psychological distress. Low attachment anxiety and social distress in group dating situations and high levels of self-efficacy in romantic relationships predicted happiness. Low attachment anxiety and high self-efficacy predicted low psychological distress. Less fear of negative evaluation from a dating partner and high self-efficacy in romantic relationships predicted self-esteem. Given the findings of self-efficacy in romantic relationships on well-being, relationship education is recommended.
Lifted: A Cultural History of the Elevator. By Andreas Bernard. Translated by David Dollenmayer. (New York, NY: New York University Press, 2014. Pp. 309. $35.00.)

This study is an English translation of the author's 2006 book Die Geschichte des Fahrstuhls: Uber einen beweglichen Ort der Moderne (Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag GmbH). Translations are al...
Democracy and Stability? US Foreign Policy Post-Arab Spring

Since the Arab Spring swept through Middle East calling for democratic reform, all but one state has become more repressive in nature. The bottom-up civil society mobilized revolution that called for reform, good governance, freedom, and democracy has been replaced with a new kind of authoritarian rule that is much more repressive and far more undemocratic than pre-revolution. However, most of these post-Arab Spring nations are US allies that continue to receive much US aid even in the face of increased repression. This chapter will utilize the case of US-Egypt relations to highlight how US foreign policy has changed in the region and security, over democracy, became the name of the game.
Abstract 539: Collateral Formation Is Regulated by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and a Disintegrin and Metalloprotease Family Members 10 and 17

The density of native (pre-existing) collaterals varies widely and is a significant determinant of variation in severity of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction and peripheral artery disease. However, little is known about mechanisms responsible for formation of the collateral circulation in healthy tissues. We previously found that variation in VEGF expression causes differences in collateral density of newborn and adult mice. Herein, we sought to determine mechanisms of collaterogenesis in the embryo and the role of VEGF in this process. Pial collaterals formed between embryonic day (E) 13.5 and 14.5 as sprout-like extensions from distal-most arterioles of the cerebral artery trees that increased in number up until birth. Global VEGF-A overexpressing mice ( Vegf hi/+ ) formed more_and Vegf lo/+ formed fewer_collaterals during embryogenesis, in association with differences in vascular patterning. Conditional global reduction of VEGF or FLK1 (VEGFR2) during collaterogenesis significantly reduced collateral formation, compared to wildtype littermates, without affecting vascular patterning. Endothelial-specific reduction of VEGF had no effect on collaterogenesis. Endothelial-specific reduction of a disintegrin-and-metalloprotease-domain-10 (ADAM10) and inhibition of γ-secretase increased collateral formation, consistent with their roles in VEGF-induced Notch1 activation and suppression of “pro-sprouting” signals. Endothelial-specific reduction of ADAM17 reduced collateral formation, consistent with its roles in endothelial cell migration and embryonic vascular stability, but not in activation of ligand-bound Notch1. These effects of ADAM 10/17 reduction persisted into adulthood. Conclusions: Formation of pial collaterals occurs during a narrow developmental window, requires paracrine VEGF-signaling, and is shaped by mechanisms associated with sprouting angiogenesis.
DYNAMICAL METEOROLOGY | Overview

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 2, pp 673–679, © 2003, Elsevier Ltd.
The Fiscal Consequences of Shrinking and Ageing Populations

Declining fertility and increasing longevity will lead to a slower-growing, older world population. The share of the world population older than age 65 could increase from 12% today to 38% by 2100. In most countries, population is projected to peak sometime this century and decline thereafter. These developments would place public finances of countries under pressure. Spending on age-related programs (pensions and health) would rise by 8.3 percentage points of GDP and 11.5 percentage points of GDP in more and less developed countries, respectively, between now and 2100. Projecting demographics is a risky business, and policymakers should be prepared to deal with an even faster transition to declining populations. Given the magnitude of the needed policy response, a multi-pronged approach will be required, including entitlement reform, policies that affect demographics and labor markets, better tax systems, and more efficient public expenditure. In many countries it will be impossible to fully offset the impact of demographics on age-related spending, thus necessitating broader public sector reforms to improve the public finances.
The relationship of dietary potassium intake to the aldosterone stimulating properties of ACTH.

1. Six normal volunteers were studied on four diets (10 mEq Na/40 mEq K, 10 mEq Na/200 mEq K, 200 mEq Na/40 mEq K, and 200 mEq Na/200 mEq K) and stimulated with a continuous 48-h infusion of ACTH. 2. Aldosterone secretions were measured basically and on the days of ACTH infusion. Basal aldosterone secretion was increased by restricting sodium or by increasing potassium. 3. The mean peak response of aldosterone secretion to ACTH on the 200 mEq Na/40 mEq K diet was 241 μg/day, and 1044 μg/day on the 200 mEq Na/200 mEq K diet. The mean peak response on the 10 mEq Na/40 mEq K diet was 1803 μg/day, and on the 10 mEq Na/200 mEq K diet was 2062 μg/day. 4. These results indicate that potassium, independent of sodium and angiotensin, can regulate basal aldosterone secretion and sensitize the adrenal response to the aldosterone stimulatory properties of ACTH.
A trochanteric retractor.

Presentation of a special trochanteric retractor for insertion around the greater trochanter replacing the common Hohmann retractor. Its blade is bent concavely and therefore adapts easily to the bony contour. Its surface is roughened. The spike is bent upward by thus providing a reliable hold between the insertions of the short external rotators. This diminishes the danger of an injury to the sciatic nerve. This new instrument has been successfully used for 6 years.
Improving the outcomes of heart failure care: putting technology second.

Heart failure mortality has declined during the past 20 years ([1,2][1]), largely as a result of advances in drug treatment. By and large, treatment has been based on the concept that diminishing the neurohormonal activation caused by heart failure prevents long-term deterioration in cardiac
Learning the Relation Between Mobile Encounters and Web Traffic Patterns: A Data-driven Study

Mobility and network traffic have been traditionally studied separately. Their interaction is vital for generations of future mobile services and effective caching, but has not been studied in depth with real-world big data. In this paper, we characterize mobility encounters and study the correlation between encounters and web traffic profiles using large-scale datasets (30TB in size) of WiFi and NetFlow traces. The analysis quantifies these correlations for the first time, across spatio-temporal dimensions, for device types grouped into on-the-go Flutes and sit-to-use Cellos. The results consistently show a clear relation between mobility encounters and traffic across different buildings over multiple days, with encountered pairs showing higher traffic similarity than non-encountered pairs, and long encounters being associated with the highest similarity. We also investigate the feasibility of learning encounters through web traffic profiles, with implications for dissemination protocols, and contact tracing. This provides a compelling case to integrate both mobility and web traffic dimensions in future models, not only at an individual level, but also at pairwise and collective levels.
3D task-transfer function representation of the signal transfer properties of low-contrast lesions in FBP- and iterative-reconstructed CT.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how accurately the task-transfer function (TTF) models the signal transfer properties of low-contrast features in a non-linear commercial CT system. Methods A cylindrical phantom containing 24 anthropomorphic "physical" lesions was 3D printed. Lesions had two sizes (523, 2145 mm3 ), and two nominal radio-densities (80 and 100 HU at 120 kV). CT images were acquired on a commercial CT system (Siemens Flash scanner) at four dose levels (CTDIvol , 32 cm phantom:1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 22.0 mGy) and reconstructed using FBP and IR kernels (B31f, B45f, I31f\2, I44f\2). Low-contrast rod inserts (in-plane) and a slanted edge (z-direction) were used to estimate 3D-TTFs. CAD versions of lesions were blurred by the 3D-TTFs, virtually superimposed into corresponding phantom images, and compared to the physical lesions in terms of (a) a 4AFC visual assessment, (b) edge gradient, (c) size, and (d) shape similarity. Assessments 2 and 3 were based on an equivalence criterion D ¯ ≥ COV ¯ to determine if the natural variability COV ¯ in the physical lesions was greater or equal to the difference D ¯ between physical and simulated. Shape similarity was quantified via Sorensen-Dice coefficient (SDC). Comparisons were done for each lesion and for all imaging conditions. Results The readers detected simulated lesions at a rate of 37.9 ± 3.1% (25% implies random guessing). Lesion edge blur and volume differences D ¯ were on average less than physical lesions' natural variability COV ¯ . The SDC (average ± SD) was 0.80 ± 0.13 (max of 1 possible). Conclusions The visual appearance, edge blur, size, and shape of simulated lesions were similar to the physical lesions, which suggests 3D-TTF models the low-contrast signal transfer properties of this non-linear CT system reasonably well.
Preferential groundwater seepage in karst terrane inferred from geoelectric measurements

The Ellenburger–San Saba aquifer discharges spring flows into the overlying Hamilton Creek bed in Burnet County, central Texas. The aquifer is susceptible to contamination from surface-water reservoirs because of the presence of dissolution cavities that are hydraulically connected to the reservoirs in some locations. There is concern that preferential groundwater seepage from reservoirs into the aquifer in these locations might ultimately degrade the quality of the springwater that enters Hamilton Creek. To investigate preferential groundwater seepage patterns and hydraulic connectivity between surface-water reservoirs and the Ellenburger–San Saba aquifer, geophysical reconnaissance surveys were completed between July 2017 and January 2018 to map dissolution cavities and locate preferential groundwater seepage within a specific region of the aquifer. Two-dimensional electric resistivity tomography and self-potential profiling were utilized, and a simplified, three-dimensional finite-element model of the field site was constructed to provide an interpretive aid. The self-potential data indicated the occurrence of preferential groundwater seepage through a porous seepage conduit that was imaged by the electric resistivity tomography data but did not indicate the occurrence of groundwater seepage through two fluid-filled dissolution cavities that were imaged by electric resistivity tomography data. Collectively, the surveying and modelling results demonstrate the efficacy of geoelectric methods for mapping the locations of dissolution cavities and preferential groundwater seepage in the electrically resistive karst terrane of the Ellenburger–San Saba aquifer.
Maternal holding during therapeutic hypothermia for infants with neonatal encephalopathy is feasible

AIM Concerns for infant destabilisation often prohibit parental holding of infants during therapeutic hypothermia (TH). We assessed the feasibility of maternal holding during TH, as the inability to hold can impede bonding. METHODS Vital signs were assessed in stable infants before, at two-minute intervals during and 30 minutes after a single 30-minute holding session. The infant remained on the blanket throughout holding, and both infant and blanket were placed into the mother's arms on top of a thin foam insulating barrier. Mothers and nurses were surveyed about their experience. RESULTS Ten infants undergoing TH for neonatal encephalopathy had no equipment malfunctions or dislodgement. The mean temperature was 33.4°C prior to and 33.5°C (p = 0.18) after holding. There was no significant bradycardia (heart rate <80 beats per minute), hypotension (mean arterial pressure <40 mm Hg) or oxygen desaturation (<93%). Nurses either strongly agreed (75%) or agreed (25%) with the statement 'After assisting with the holding protocol, I feel that holding during cooling is safe'. Mothers (100%) strongly agreed that other parents would benefit from holding. CONCLUSION In a small sample of ten stable infants treated with TH for neonatal encephalopathy, holding resulted in no adverse events and positive feedback from mothers and nurses.
Kin on the Wing: patterns in residence, mobility, and alliance for Ache hunter-gatherers

Abstract This paper provides a structural and historical overview of the kinship of a group of Tupi-Guarani-speaking hunter-gatherers, the Ache (Guayaki) of eastern Paraguay. I begin by considering the distinguishing features of Ache kin terminology, describing its characteristic tension between the dimensions of generation and crossness, before considering arguments for historical transformations offered for similar cases in lowland South America. The Ache case shows that the “Hawaiianization” of terms in ego’s generation does not necessarily entail an inward-looking endogamy, as some anthropologists (Dole, 1969; Wagley, 1977) have argued. By describing the network of Ache foraging bands as a residence-based form of kin organization, I show that “Hawaiianization” is not only perfectly compatible with the creation of alliances over considerable distances (Asch, 1998; Ives, 1998; Hornborg, 1998), but that “Hawaiianization” and distant marriage actually work together in the production of band alliances. At various points I highlight semantic, ethnographic, and historical data which, despite lying outside the scope of the phylogenetic analysis undertaken in other contributions to this issue, may nonetheless bear on some of its claims.
Sherry: "inclusion" interpreted through a life-story lens.

In the United States, educational inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities is relatively new. It was not until 1975 that the right to a “free appropriate public education” for children ...
Fully Analog Baseline Wander Elimination Circuit For Real-Time Ambulatory ECG Recording

This work describes a fully analog baseline wander elimination circuit that can be incorporated in the ECG sensor frontend. The proposed approach can effectively remove the baseline wander from ECG signals corrupted with motion artifacts by extracting the baseline level, and subtracting it from the original ECG signal in the analog domain. The baseline level is detected by linearly interpolating the sampled moving average values of the corrupted signal within a certain period. In this case, in order to exclude huge R-peak samples from the moving average, a skip sampling technique is adopted. The proposed circuit is realized with 0.18-µm CMOS technology using 1.8 V supply voltage. Results show SNR improvement of 26.7 dB after eliminating baseline wander from a corrupted ECG waveform with power consumption of 11.8 µW.
Prospective validity of the Suicide Cognitions Scale among acutely suicidal military personnel seeking unscheduled psychiatric intervention

Background and Aim: The Suicide Cognitions Scale (SCS) was developed to assess a broad range of suicide-related cognitions. Research to date supports the scale's factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity. The present study tested the scale's prospective validity for suicide attempts among 97 military personnel presenting to an emergency department or psychiatric outpatient clinic for an unscheduled walk-in evaluation. Method: Cox regression and receiver operator characteristic analyses were conducted to test the prospective validity of the SCS. Results: Results supported the prospective validity of the SCS (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.69) and indicate the scale's performance is comparable to an empirically supported measure of suicide ideation (AUC = 0.75). The SCS performance was not reduced by removing items containing the word suicide. Limitations: Homogeneous sample comprised of US soldiers, predominantly male, with recent suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Results support the SCS as an indicator of subsequent risk for suicidal behavior when used in acute care settings, and suggest the scale's performance is similar to more traditional suicide risk screening methods that depend on honest self-disclosure of suicidal thoughts.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula After Surgery-A Lateral Move From Conventional Oxygen Therapy?

In a study of subjects with liver transplantation published in the current issue of Respiratory Care, Gaspari et al[1][1] assessed whether preventive use of oxygen therapy delivered by high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) reduced postextubation hypoxemia more effectively than did oxygen therapy delivered
Distance as a barrier to obstetric care among indigenous women in Panama: a cross-sectional study

Objectives We assess the relationship between distance to a woman’s assigned health clinic and obstetric care utilisation. Design We employ a cross-sectional study design using baseline data from the evaluation of a conditional cash transfer programme to promote greater utilisation of maternal and infant health services. Data were collected between December 2016 and January 2017. Setting The study is conducted in Ngabe Bugle, the largest of Panama’s three indigenous territories, where maternal mortality is three times the national average. Participants We analyse a representative sample of 1336 indigenous women with a birth in the 12 months prior to the survey. Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcomes include obstetric care utilisation measures for prenatal, childbirth and postpartum events. Secondary outcomes include reasons for not receiving prenatal care, alarming symptoms, child weight at birth and stillbirths or miscarriages. Results Compared with women in closest geographic proximity to a health centre (top quintile, Q1), women who lived farthest from a health centre (bottom quintile, Q5) had significantly lower obstetric care utilisation outcomes for critical prenatal, childbirth and postpartum events. Mothers in Q5 were 36 percentage points less likely to have had at least one prenatal care appointment in a hospital, health centre or clinic compared with mothers in Q1 (p Conclusion Distance is an important barrier to obstetric care utilisation, with women in more distant locations suffering significantly lower use of prenatal, childbirth and postpartum care compared with women in closer vicinity to a health establishment. Expanding the supply of healthcare and implementing demand side incentives to promote the use of health services in remote communities are relevant policies to reduce disparities in obstetric care utilisation. Trial registration number AEA Registry (RCT ID AEARCTR-0001751).
Implementing Disaster Simulations for Baccalaureate Nursing Students in the Gulf-Coast Region

Abstract Background Disasters occur frequently in the gulf-coast region of the United States. The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate four gulf-coast area high-fidelity disaster simulations. Method A pre-test/post-test design was used. Four gulf-coast region high-fidelity patient simulation disaster scenarios were developed, implemented, and evaluated with junior and senior level nursing students in a baccalaureate program in southeastern United States. Results Three hundred and ninety-one students participated. Results indicated an increase in scores for every participant group in disaster knowledge. Differences in pre-post test scores were significant for three of four groups. Conclusions Participation in high-fidelity disaster simulations during nursing school can enhance disaster knowledge and preparedness.
Task-specific information in x-ray diffraction and transmission modalities: a comparative analysis

We develop a framework to analyze the information content of X-ray measurement data for the task of material discrimination. This task-specific information (TSI) analysis provides valuable information for system design and optimization. We employ Bhattacharyya distance (BD) between measurements of different materials as the TSI metric in our analysis framework, because BD is closely related to the bounds on the probability of error (Pe). We apply this framework to compare an X-ray diffraction-based system with an X-ray attenuation-based system for several materials and different detector geometries.
A Model for Defunding: An Evidence-Based Statute for Behavioral Health Crisis Response

NOTE: Model law is located in the Appendix. Too many Black persons and other persons of color are dying at the hands of law enforcement, leading many to call for the defunding of police. These deaths were directly caused by excessive use of force by police officers, but were also driven by upstream and institutional factors that include structural racism, institutional bias, and a historic culture of racialized violence. Public outcry against racial inequities has increased as the authority of police departments has expanded to include not only the authority to respond to and investigate criminal activity, but also to respond to calls regarding behavioral health issues and houselessness. Defunding police raises questions about how budget cuts should affect the types of services provided by police departments and what new and improved responses may look like. While advocates may have identified model programs that they hope will be the answer to defunding the police, many community organizers lack the legal training necessary to fully develop these models into policy proposals that institutionalize their visions in ways that protect against law enforcement co-option and make their visions a reality. This article proposes model Act (the Model Behavioral Health Response Team Act) that can be tailored to meet the needs of local and state policymakers endeavoring to create a new institution to replace the police in responding to mental health, substance use, and housing crisis. The institution created by this model act is evidence-based, person-centered, and community-driven. It is informed by empirical evidence on crisis response, federal guidelines, and a case-study of political activity motivated by the use of police excess of force that resulted in the death of a Black man in Greensboro, N.C. IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO SEE THIS ACT ADOPTED BY POLICYMAKERS IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD, SIGN-ON TO OUR LETTER OF SUPPORT: https://forms.gle/7q1LztNfBECLPLKe7
Expansion of Coupled Structural-Acoustic Systems

Expansion is useful for predicting response of un-instrumented locations and has traditionally been applied to structures alone. However, there are a range of hollow structures where the influence of the acoustic cavity affects the structural response, and the structural response affects the acoustic response. This structural-acoustic coupling results in a gyroscopically coupled system with complex modes. Though more complicated than modes of a structure alone, the modes of the coupled structural-acoustic system can be used as the basis vectors in an expansion process. In this work, complex modes of a model of a coupled structural-acoustic system are used to expand from a sparse set of structural and acoustic response degrees of freedom to a larger set of both structural and acoustic degrees of freedom. The expansion technique is demonstrated with a finite element model of a hollow cylinder with simulated displacement and pressure measurements, and expansion is studied for both modal and transient responses. Though more nuanced than traditional structure-only expansion problems, the displacement and pressure response of a coupled structural-acoustic system can be expanded using the coupled-system modes.
Abstract 16890: Coronary Artery Calcium for Personalizing Antihypertensive Therapy: A Pooled Cohort Analysis

Background: The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association high blood pressure (BP) guidelines recommend risk assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) to infor...
Dual-Layer Radio-Transparent Dielectric Core Metasurface Antenna

Recent advances in communication systems require densely packed integrated antennas, making the system subject to undesired interferences. Cloaking and scattering cancellation using metamaterials have been proposed as interesting routes towards the suppression of antenna blockage and interference in these dense arrays. Although a few attempts have been made in this direction, finding an optimal design that can suppress the mutual scattering and at the same time preserve radiation features remains a challenge. We explore here an approach that enhances the operational bandwidth and improves angular stability of antenna cloaks, realizing effective radio-transparent antennas for communication systems. Recently, we explored the idea of using a transparent dielectric core metasurface antenna that exploits a low scattering host dielectric rod whose scattering is further reduced by a metasurface cloak with inductive properties immersed into it. At the same time, the metallic traces forming the inductive metasurface can be tailored to efficiently radiate like a conventional dipole antenna. In this work, we significantly improve this design by incorporating two metasurfaces with capacitive nature. With the addition of this second degree of freedom, we are able to optimize our design for more broadband cloaking and at the same time improved radiation characteristics and easier manufacturability.
THE RISE AND EVOLUTION OF BOKO HARAM TERRORISM: AN EXAMINATION OF THE REASONS FOR THE EMERGENCE AND STRUCTURE OF THE DREADED ORGANIZATION

Among the many challenges of nation building that are threatening the basic fabric of Nigeria is the Boko Haram terrorism. Domestic terrorism as manifested in the destructive activities of the dreaded Islamic sect, Boko Haram, has for more than a decade been a major concern to the Nigerian government and the international community. Even though, the insurgency of Boko Haram originated in the North-east part of the country, it has since spread like a cosmic hurricane wind not only in the North-East and many other parts of northern Nigeria, but across neighbouring countries of West and central Africa. The terrorist organization strikes with such ferocity and audacity that both national and international attention is drawn to a puzzling question such as: who are the Boko Haram? This study attempts to examine the evolution of Boko Haram terrorism and the reason for its emergence and the structural configuration of the dreaded organization. In this study, the culture of poverty theory is adopted to examine the problem while data are generated from secondary sources with content analysis as methodological guide. The study argues that although, there are many factors that are linked to Boko Haram insurgency, however, the issue of poverty is at the centre of these factors.
Off Target: Case Report of Heparin Resistance in a Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit Patient.

INTRODUCTION Heparin resistance was discovered in a patient in the surgical intensive care unit who underwent emergency endovascular coiling and later an anterior communicating artery clipping procedure to treat subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. CLINICAL FINDINGS On intensive care unit day 17/postoperative day 3, the patient experienced shortness of breath, persistent tachycardia, and hypoxia. Bilateral pulmonary emboli, a saddle embolus, and lower-extremity and upper-extremity deep vein thrombi were diagnosed. The patient received high-dose unfractionated heparin (>35 000 U/24 h), and activated partial thromboplastin times remained subtherapeutic over the next 72 hours. DIAGNOSIS Factor VIII activity, fibrinogen, antithrombin activity, antithrombin antigen, and platelet factor 4 were measured. The results demonstrated an increase in factor VIII activity to 342% (reference range, 50%-200%), elevated fibrinogen level of 441 mg/dL (reference range, 200-400 mg/dL), antithrombin antigen level of 92% (reference range, 80%-130%), elevated antithrombin activity of 108% (reference range, 80%-100%), and negative platelet factor 4 result, indicating that the patient did not have heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and confirming the diagnosis of heparin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for heparin resistance include antithrombin deficiency, elevation of factor VIII or fibrinogen level, elevation in heparin-binding proteins, increased heparin clearance, sepsis, trauma, and burns. The astute critical care nurse may be the first to recognize this condition in a patient, preventing a potentially fatal complication.
Delta-modulated cortical alpha oscillations support new knowledge generation through memory integration.

Abstract The ability to generate new knowledge depends on integration of separate information. For example, in one episode an individual may learn that apple seeds are called pips. In a separate episode, the individual may then learn that pips contain cyanide. Integration of the related facts in memory may then support derivation of the new knowledge that apple seeds contain cyanide. Past studies show that adults form relational memories that represent the commonalities among discrete events, and that such integrated representation supports the ability to infer new knowledge. Although these integrated representations are thought to result from linking separate memories to the same neuronal ensemble, the neural mechanisms that underlie formation of such linkages are not well understood. Here we examined whether self-derivation of new, integrated knowledge was supported by oscillatory coherence, a means of linking discrete neuronal ensembles. Cortical alpha coherence was greater when adults encoded new facts that could be integrated with existing knowledge, relative to encoding unrelated facts, particularly in participants who showed better performance on the subsequent test of knowledge generation via fact integration. In high performers, posterior alpha amplitude was also modulated by delta phase, a form of cross-frequency coupling previously implicated in coordinating information stored widely throughout the cortex. Examination of the timing and topography of these respective signatures suggested that these oscillatory dynamics work in concert to encode and represent new knowledge with respect to prior knowledge that is reactivated, thus revealing fundamental mechanisms through which related memories are linked into integrated knowledge structures.
Developmental Studies of Figurative Perception

Publisher Summary This chapter brings together various studies dealing with the perceptual development of children and shows their relation to one another and to the more general problem of figurative perception that provides their common theme. The problem of figurative perception has been discussed. The general theoretical background of the research, Piaget's theory of perceptual development, is summarized. The studies concerned with the assessment of perceptual processes; studies concerned with variables affecting these processes are also described, and finally, studies dealing with the role of perceptual processes in higher-order cognitive activities. The chapter concludes by summarizing and commenting upon the research findings to date.