cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF LACTIC ACID IN PROCESSING WATERS ON THE INCIDENCE OF SALMONELLAE ON BROILERS

Commercial broilers were inoculated with 105-106/mL Salmonella typhimurium in the drinking water at 14, 10, 7, 4, and 2 days prior to processing. At 49 days of age, broilers were processed in a pilot processing facility. In additional trials, commercially-obtained pre- and post-chill carcasses were subjected to microbiological testing. Lactic acid (LA) (1%) was added to the scald and/or chill waters or to pre- (2%) or post-chill (1%) dips to reduce microbial contamination on ready-to-cook carcasses. In each trial, 12 carcasses per treatment were sampled for the presence of salmonellae (inoculated serotype and/or indigenous organisms) using a whole carcass rinse technique. The dip applications evaluated included 1 and 2% LA at various temperatures and exposure periods. Two control treatments which were not subjected to LA but were processed and handled similar to treated carcasses were evaluated for each trial conducted. Treatments that consistently resulted in reduced levels of salmonellae on carcasses included LA treatment (1%) in the chill water, a pre-chill dip (2% for 2 min at 37 C), 1% LA as a post-chill dip (≥60 s at 1.1 C), and 2% LA as a pre-chill dip (60 s at 37 C). All picked carcasses treated with LA exhibited mild skin discoloration, particularly in the highly pigmented areas.
Nugent score related to vaginal culture in pregnant women

Abstract Objective: To relate Gram-stained smears, using the Nugent criteria, to quantitative and qualitative vaginal cultures in pregnant women. Methods: Two independent evaluators using the Nugent criteria, a standardized method of Gram-stain interpretation designed to detect bacterial vaginosis, scored 104 vaginal smears from pregnant women. The quantitative and qualitative vaginal cultures were assessed at the same time and the results expressed as log 10 colony-forming units per gram of vaginal secretion. The Nugent scores were compared with the microbiologic findings. Results: The prevalence of normal, intermediate, or bacterial vaginosis vaginal flora as determined by Gram stain was 68%, 21%, and 11%, respectively. A comparison of the mean bacterial counts with the Nugent score showed a weak negative correlation for Lactobacillus species and a positive correlation for gram-variable and gram-negative rods. Additional analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between the mean bacterial counts analyses of Peptostreptococcus, a genus not included in the Nugent scoring system, and the Nugent score. In addition, the Prevotella counts correlated strongly with both the Nugent score and the Peptostreptococcus counts. The quantitative counts for Lactobacillus did not vary significantly among the three defined groups of vaginal microflora; however, significant increases in the concentrations of Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella were found as the Nugent score increased. Conclusion: A strong correlation was found among the gram-variable and gram-negative genera comprised by the Nugent score. Peptostreptococcus also correlated strongly with the Nugent score and with the Prevotella counts, suggesting that this genus may play a role in determining vaginal health.
Isolation and reconstitution of the N-formylpeptide receptor from HL-60 derived neutrophils.

A multifunctional receptor for N-formylpeptides exists on the membranes of neutrophils. This receptor has now been isolated from neutrophils derived from HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. After solubilization by Nonidet-P40 and purification by affinity chromatography and HPLC the isolated receptor was reconstituted into egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles by SM-2 Bio-Bead removal of the Nonidet-P40. Analysis of the affinity and selectivity of the receptor was done by direct binding of two high-affinity ligands, formyl-Met-Leu-[3H]Phe-OH and formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe[3H]Tyr-OH. The data suggest that the receptor can be isolated and reconstituted without apparent alteration of its binding affinity and selectivity, and that there appear to be no co-factors or subunits upon which these binding characteristics are dependent.
Interplanetary Correlation of Geologic Time: ABSTRACT

Asteroid impact has produced a significant number of medium and large craters on the earth in comparatively recent geologic time, and the rate of impact can be interpreted to have remained fairly steady for at least the last half-billion years. By extrapolation of this rate, the age of major stratigraphic units on the moon may be estimated from the number and distribution of superimposed primary impact craters. With appropriate modification, the same principle should be applicable to Mars when detailed photographs become available for photogeologic mapping. A second potential method of interplanetary correlation depends on the actual transport of impact debris from other planets to the earth, where the debris becomes incorporated in the terrestrial stratigraphic record. Some rock debris is ejected at escape velocity by asteroid impact on the Moon and probably also on Mars; part of the lunar ejecta must land on earth and a very small fraction of Martian ejecta is probably also swept up by Earth. Some tektites are probably formed by ablation of ejects thrown into orbit around the earth. It may be possible to identify the craters from which ejecta are derived at some advanced stage of lunar and planetary exploration and thus tie the age of these craters directly to the terrestrial time scale. A ray crater in the size range from Aristarchus o Tycho is the probable source of the ejecta from which the australites and associated Pleistocene tektites were formed. End_of_Article - Last_Page 130------------
Discriminative Segmentation-Based Evaluation Through Shape Dissimilarity

Segmentation-based scores play an important role in the evaluation of computational tools in medical image analysis. These scores evaluate the quality of various tasks, such as image registration and segmentation, by measuring the similarity between two binary label maps. Commonly these measurements blend two aspects of the similarity: pose misalignments and shape discrepancies. Not being able to distinguish between these two aspects, these scores often yield similar results to a widely varying range of different segmentation pairs. Consequently, the comparisons and analysis achieved by interpreting these scores become questionable. In this paper, we address this problem by exploring a new segmentation-based score, called normalized Weighted Spectral Distance (nWSD), that measures only shape discrepancies using the spectrum of the Laplace operator. Through experiments on synthetic and real data we demonstrate that nWSD provides additional information for evaluating differences between segmentations, which is not captured by other commonly used scores. Our results demonstrate that when jointly used with other scores, such as Dice's similarity coefficient, the additional information provided by nWSD allows richer, more discriminative evaluations. We show for the task of registration that through this addition we can distinguish different types of registration errors. This allows us to identify the source of errors and discriminate registration results which so far had to be treated as being of similar quality in previous evaluation studies.
Novelty detection based on sentence level patterns

The detection of new information in a document stream is an important component of many potential applications. In this paper, a new novelty detection approach based on the identification of sentence level patterns is proposed. Given a user's information need, some patterns in sentences such as combinations of query words, named entities and phrases, may contain more important and relevant information than single words. Therefore, the proposed novelty detection approach focuses on the identification of previously unseen query-related patterns in sentences. Specifically, a query is preprocessed and represented with patterns that include both query words and required answer types. These patterns are used to retrieve sentences, which are then determined to be novel if it is likely that a new answer is present. An analysis of patterns in sentences was performed with data from the TREC 2002 novelty track and experiments on novelty detection were carried out on data from the TREC 2003 and 2004 novelty tracks. The experimental results show that the proposed pattern-based approach significantly outperforms all three baselines in terms of precision at top ranks.
A Cervical Teratoma with Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an HIV-Infected Patient: A Case Report

HIV infection among women is increasing in the United States. Since January 1993, cervical cancer has been considered an AIDS-defining illness. We report a rare case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a teratoma of the uterine cervix in an HIV-infected patient. This patient was treated with a radical hysterectomy, para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy. She is currently 1 year from treatment and is without evidence of recurrence.
Genetically Engineered Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Gene Therapy: Application for Treatment of Malignant Disease

We report here the generation of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) able to produce the suicide gene product thymidine kinase (TK) or cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4). In vitro cells infected with the engineered viruses expressed remarkably high levels of biologically active TK or IL-4 and showed no defects in replication compared to the wild-type virus. Recombinant viruses retained their ability to induce potent apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells, while normal cells were evidently more resistant to infection and were completely protected by interferon. Significantly, following direct intratumoral inoculation, VSV expressing either TK or IL-4 exhibited considerably more oncolytic activity against syngeneic breast or melanoma tumors in murine models than did the wild-type virus or control recombinant viruses expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Complete regression of a number of tumors was achieved, and increased granulocyte-infiltrating activity with concomitant, antitumor cytotoxic T-cell responses was observed. Aside from discovering greater oncolytic activity following direct intratumoral inoculation, however, we also established that VSV expressing IL-4 or TK, but not GFP, was able to exert enhanced antitumor activity against metastatic disease. Following intravenous administration of the recombinant viruses, immunocompetent BALB/c mice inoculated with mammary adenocarcinoma exhibited prolonged survival against lethal lung metastasis. Our data demonstrate the validity of developing novel types of engineered VSV for recombinant protein production and as a gene therapy vector for the treatment of malignant and other disease.
Is repeat prostate biopsy for high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia necessary after routine 12-core sampling?

Abstract Objectives. To determine whether repeat biopsy is necessary when the diagnosis of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is made with a 12-core biopsy. Repeated biopsy has been recommended for individuals with HGPIN noted on sextant prostate biopsy because of the high likelihood of cancer detection. Recently, we have recommended the routine use of 12 cores, rather than 6, to improve cancer detection. Methods. The charts of all patients undergoing prostate biopsy during a 2-year period at the Manhattan Veterans Administration Medical Center were reviewed. Patients diagnosed with HGPIN on a 12-core biopsy were identified, and those undergoing a repeat 12-core biopsy within 1 year of the initial biopsy were evaluated to determine the rate of cancer detection. Results. A total of 619 men underwent biopsy during the study period. Of 103 men diagnosed with HGPIN, 43 underwent a repeat biopsy within 1 year at the discretion of the managing urologist. The mean age and median prostate-specific antigen level of those undergoing a repeat biopsy was 65.5 years and 5.37 ng/mL, respectively. At the time of the repeat biopsy, 1 patient was found to have cancer (2.3%), 20 had HGPIN (46.5%), 20 had benign pathologic findings (46.5%), and 1 patient (2.3%) had atypical small acinar proliferation. Conclusions. A repeat biopsy after the diagnosis of HGPIN on 12-core prostate biopsy rarely results in cancer detection. In the absence of other factors increasing the suspicion of cancer, immediate repeat biopsy for HGPIN diagnosed on a 12-core biopsy is unnecessary.
Short-Term Tumor Control and Acute Toxicity after Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Glomus Jugulare Tumors

OBJECTIVE: Glomus jugulare tumors (GJT) have traditionally been treated by surgery or fractionated external beam radiation therapy (XRT). This study evaluates acute toxicity and short-term efficacy of single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of GJT.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Eight patients (age range 28-74) with GJT underwent SRS (Brainlab linear accelerator) as primary treatment. A nominal dose of 15-16 Gy was prescribed. RESULTS: After undergoing SRS, 7 of 8 patients (87.5%) reported complete resolution of presenting symptoms. Follow-up MRIs showed tumor stabilization in 100% of patients. Transient vertigo occurred in one patient. One patient suffered acute GI upset and transient lower cranial neuropathy.CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective alternative for patients with GJT in achieving tumor control and resolution of symptoms.EBM rating: C-4© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bioterrorism: agents of concern.

The intentional dispersal of biological agents by terrorists is a potential problem that increasingly concerns the intelligence, law enforcement, medical, and public health communities. Terrorists might choose biological agents over conventional and chemical weapons for multiple reasons, although it is difficult to predict, with certainty, which biological agents might prove attractive to terrorists. One can more confidently, however, derive a list of those few agents which, if used, would be of greatest public health consequence. It is these agents which will require the most robust countermeasures. We discuss the derivation of this short list of agents and the specific diseases involved. Language: en
Electrocortical signs of levels of processing: perceptual analysis and recognition memory.

The electrocortical manifestations of levels of perceptual processing and memory performance were investigated by recording event related potentials (ERPs) during a verbal comparison task and a subsequent test of recognition memory. Two words were judged, on each trial, to be the same or different according to an orthographic, phonemic, or semantic criterion. Orthographic processing of words led to poor performance on a test of recognition memory whereas phonemic and semantic processing led to increasingly better performance. “Same” judgments led to better memory performance for phonemically and semantically processed items. The ERP waveforms included a late positive component (LPC) and a slow wave, both of which were responsive to the comparison criterion and the type of judgment. Further, the LPC appeared to index recognition accuracy in the memory test. The ERP data are interpreted as reflecting associative activation in the human memory system.
On the Production of Expert Knowledge: Revisiting Edward Said's work on the intellectual

Edward Said is deservedly well known for his literary insights on Orientalism. Yet, his work on the nature of the intellectual is equally important and particularly critical for navigating this moment of political, cultural, and economic retrenchment. In this essay I will explore the contours of Said's work on the intellectual. I argue that Said gave us a model of intellectual activity at a moment when we have to manage multiple professional and political obligations and responsibilities, all of which are ever-intensifying. I draw out particular implications for understanding the changing role of schools of education in the USA today.
Design and evaluation of a magnetically-geared underwater propulsion system for autonomous underwater and surface craft

This paper will cover the work performed in the Autonomous Ocean Systems Lab (AOSL) at Memorial University of Newfoundland in the design, construction and evaluation of a high performance under water propulsion system. A small 400W thruster was developed for testing and experimentation while a 3kW thruster was designed specifically for the Sea Dragon, an unmanned surface craft (USC) currently being built by the AOSL. Each thruster consists of three main components: a brushless DC motor, a custom propeller, and a magnetic gearing system. A duct was incorporated as a means to improve hydrodynamic performance and to protect the propeller. All subsystems are purpose-built to maximize their efficiency at the desired operational point. A detailed computer model was developed in MATLAB Simulink in order to predict thruster performance. OpenProp was used to design a number of efficient propellers and were tested using the 400W thruster in an open water flume tank. The propellers did not perform as well as expected so additional experiments were performed in an effort to identify the source of discrepancy. It was determined that propeller surface finish and blade thickness have a significant impact on performance. More importantly it was concluded that the quality of flow in the flume tank was not suitable for accurate testing. Bollard tests may provide more accurate results in the future. The larger 3kW thruster was designed with a greater focus on efficiency. A parametric study was performed in order to identify an ideal propeller geometry that would suit the needs of the Sea Dragon. A custom DC motor was designed such that its efficiency is maximized in the operating regime of the vessel. Simulated results indicate that the overall efficiency of the unit to be between 0.5 and 0.6 which is very attractive for unmanned, untethered vehicles. The thruster will be tested in a tow tank and then onboard the Sea Dragon.
Effects of chain unsaturation on the equation of state for lipid monolayers at the air-water interface

An equation of state for lipid monolayers at the air-water interface is presented, which takes into account the effects of the conformation and the number and position of double bonds of the hydrocarbon chains. The total Hamiltonian of the monolayer is assumed to consist of three terms. Two of them are calculated exactly within the limitations of the formulation. These are the two-dimensional entropy of mixing of the lipid and water molecules at the surface and the conformational entropy of the chains using a model available from the literature. These two terms give rise to positive surface pressure. The third term, which includes all energies that are not amenable to calculation, was obtained as the difference between the sum of the two calculated terms and experimental data and is found to represent an approximately area-independent tension. The effects of chain unsaturation on the equation of state were modeled in the present theory in two ways; the chain bend caused by cis double bonds increases the minimal molecular area, and the double bond linkage on a chain decreases the degrees of freedom of the chain. Calculations revealed that the former is highly significant whereas the latter is negligible. The deduced equation of state reproduces experimental data with appropriate values for three parameters, which represent the collapse area, the overlap of adjacent chains, and the combined effects of the intra- and intermolecular interactions other than the surface mixing entropy and the chain conformational energy.
EXPLORING THE ROAD TO BANKRUPTCY

Can the Manville Corporation and International Harvester stave off bankruptcy? Both have low Z‐scores in the bankruptcy predictor model, demonstrating danger for Manville, and little chance of survival in its present form for Harvester unless it receives government assistance.
An autonomic resource provisioning framework for mobile computing grids

Enabling data- and compute-intensive applications that require real-time in-the-field data collection and processing using mobile platforms is still a significant challenge due to i) the insufficient computing capabilities and unavailability of complete data on individual mobile devices and ii) the prohibitive communication cost and response time involved in offloading data to remote computing resources such as clouds for centralized computation. A novel resource provisioning framework is proposed for organizing the heterogeneous sensing, computing, and communication capabilities of static and mobile devices in the vicinity in order to form an elastic resource pool (a heterogeneous mobile computing grid) that can be harnessed to collectively process massive amounts of locally generated data in parallel. The proposed framework is imparted with autonomic capabilities, namely, self-optimization and self-organization, in order to be energy and uncertainty aware, respectively, in the dynamic mobile environment.
Geospatial intelligence and the neuroscience of human vision

The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) is faced with the difficult task of extracting geospatial intelligence information on complex, time-sensitive targets from a growing volume of images. Neuroscience promises to provide basic research findings that could translate into tools, training, and procedures capable of enhancing the current analysts' performance and productivity, as well as leading toward tools for automated image analysis. The Neuroscience-Enabled Geospatial Intelligence (NEGI) advanced research program has been developed to identify useful neuroscience research results and guide translational neuroscience research to provide a new generation of geospatial analysis tools. In addition, the capability of current models of the human vision system to perform basic geospatial analysis tasks has been assessed, with encouraging results.
Phenol and guaiacol: Biosynthesis, detoxication, and function in a polydesmid millipede, Oxidus gracilis

Abstract The polydesmid millipedes Oxidus gracilis, Euryurus maculatus , and Pseudopolydesmus erasus secrete both phenol and guaiacol during cyanogenesis; these compounds are present in the reaction chamber of the cyanogenic gland. Bacteriological and enzymic studies have shown that both these phenolics arise as the result of the arthropod's own metabolism, and not from the action of symbiotic bacteria. In vivo with O. gracilis and in vitro studies with all three species utilizing 14 C-precursors have shown that both phenol and guaiacol are derived from tyrosine. The enzyme tyrosine phenol lyase (EC 4.1.99.2) has been isolated from the phlanges of O. gracilis and shown to reversibly catalyze the conversion of tyrosine to phenol or vice versa . Detoxication studies with O. gracilis have shown that H 14 CN is converted primarily to thiocynate by rhodanese with minor conversion to β-cyanoalanine and asparagine also occurring. Phenol is converted in vivo to phenol-β- d -glycoside, tyrosine, and possibly hydroquinone-β- d -glycoside (arbutin). The independent evolution of parallel biochemical pathways in plants and millipedes is discussed. The functions of guaiacol and phenol in the cyanogenic defensive secretions of millipede are discussed.
SCATTERING OF COSMIC RAYS BY MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC INTERSTELLAR TURBULENCE

Recent advances in understanding of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence call for substantial revisions in our understanding of cosmic ray transport. We use recently obtained scalings of MHD modes to calculate the scattering frequency for cosmic rays. We consider gyroresonance with MHD modes (Alfvenic, slow, and fast) and transit-time damping by fast modes. We conclude that the gyroresonance with fast modes is the dominant contribution to cosmic ray scattering for the typical interstellar conditions. In contrast to earlier studies, we find that Alfvenic and slow modes are inefficient because they are far from the isotropy usually assumed.
CITIZEN PERCEPTION OF POLICE SERVICE DELIVERY: A LOOK AT SOME CONSEQUENCES

What difference does it make if public services are inequitably distributed? This articles addresses that question by examining the relationships among perceived inequity in service delivery and dissatisfaction with public services on-the-one-hand, and a variety of other attitudes and reports of behavior on-the-other. In the case of police services, I find that perceptions of inequity and dissatisfaction with services have negative consequences both for the quality of life individual citizens enjoy and for the capacity of government to provide services effectively and efficiently.
Patterns of family extinction depend on definition and geological timescale

The recent claim1 of an approximate 26-Myr periodicity in the pattern of mass species extinction over the past 250 Myr has already stimulated much astrophysical speculation and debate on causal mechanisms2–13. However, as shown here, the evidence for that claim is strongly contingent on arbitrary decisions concerning the absolute dating of stratigraphical boundaries14, the culling of the database and the definition of what is mass extinction as opposed to background extinction. This evidence becomes insufficient under other plausible geological timescales and other acceptable definitions of mass extinction. Analysis of the nonculled database shows that the reliability of identification of mass extinctions and their timing is at present extremely limited. It also suggests that the apparent periodicity of mass extinctions results from stochastic processes.
Fungi and paper manufacture

Abstract Fungi have a significant impact on the economics of paper making and the end use of paper and products employing paper related components. Paper on a practical basis is a derivative of wood, and fungi that possess cellulose-degrading enzymes can directly impact the value and utility of various types of products. Fungi further have a negative economic impact on the pulp produced during paper manufacture. Contamination by fungi impacts on the quality and often the safety of the product to the end user. Packaging materials used in warm humid climates can be infested with mold which impacts the value and safety of the packaged product. Building materials whether gypsum wall board, the paper-facing on insulation materials, or ceiling tiles can sustain fungi and cause numerous problems. These fungi create an aesthetic, functional and ultimately, a safety issue to the occupants in a mold infested dwelling. Fungal spores are linked to allergy, asthma, and various pulmonary related disorders. In the U.S., 3–5 million tons of scrap wall board end up in landfills every year which can also create fungal environmental problems. This review article will describe these problems and strategies to minimize the adverse impact on paper by fungi. However, fungi are also utilized in a beneficial manner to enhance paper manufacture by removing detrimental components in paper and can aide in its production.
Regional cerebral glucose utilization in withdrawal following systemic and intracerebroventricular sufentanil administration

Regional cerebral glucose utilization (RCGU) and behavior were studied during naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in rats after chronic intravenous (IV) or intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of sufentanil citrate, a potent, highly selective mu opiate agonist. Changes in RCGU were indistinguishable between the two groups (p<0.05) in 21 of 24 anatomically related limbic and brainstem structures known to be activated during withdrawal. Rats made dependent by ICV infusions of sufentanil had smaller RCGU changes in the lateral septal areas, lateral habenular nuclei and paratenial nuclei than rats made dependent by IV infusions of sufentanil. These observations are consistent with infusion artifact, given the proximity of these structures to the site of IVC infusion. All 24 structures had increased RCGU in experimental groups compared with controls (p<0.05). Although linear regression analysis suggests slightly greater RCGU changes in rats after IV sufentanil than in rats after ICV sufentanil (m=0.81), the changes in corresponding structures are highly correlated (r=0.96) indicating qualitatively almost identical RCGU changes. Behavioral changes paralleled RCGU changes and revealed slightly greater withdrawal in rats after IV sufentanil but no clear qualitative differences. Taken together, these results suggest that cerebral metabolic changes in withdrawal following chronic sufentanil administration result exclusively from effects at CNS opiate receptors and not from peripheral receptors. Additionally, the current study provides a model for the production of opiate dependence, by the ICV administration of a specific mu opiate receptor agonist that is relatively free of infusion artifact.
KEEPING IT SOPHISTICATEDLY SIMPLE IN R&D PROJECT MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACT To affect the actual project selection process of a corporate research lab, the project selection process needs to be simple and transparent enough to ensure effective communication among project leaders, research implementers and technology strategists. In this way, the project selection process stimulates project creation. If net present value (NPV) is our project criterion, this requires simplified NPV formulas. In this paper, we develop such formulas in the context of a major application.
From safety to affect regulation: attachment from the vantage point of adolescence

This chapter addresses the changing nature and function of the attachment system as it develops into adolescence and becomes intertwined with broader patterns of affect regulation.
Evaluation of Eccentric Exercise in Treatment of Patellar Tendinitis

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a quadriceps femoris muscle eccentric training program on strength gain in patients with patellar tendinitis. The effect of an eight-week eccentric exercise program on quadriceps femoris muscle work was evaluated in four groups of subjects--two groups of "normal" (healthy) subjects and two groups of patients with patellar tendinitis. All four groups participated in a home muscle stretching exercise program, but only two groups--one group of normal subjects (N-A) and one group of subjects with tendinitis (T-A)--received additional eccentric training on an eccentric isokinetic dynamometer. The eccentric quadriceps femoris muscle work ratio (involved limb/uninvolved limb x 100) was used to quantify strength in the N-A and T-A Groups. Pain ratings were recorded for subjects with tendinitis before and after the eight-week experiment and were correlated with the dependent variable using a Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient. The N-A Group performed significantly better than all subjects with tendinitis (p less than .05). Subjects in the T-A Group, however, showed a trend toward increasing eccentric quadriceps femoris muscle work capacity over the eight-week training period. As pain ratings in the T-A Group increased, work ratios decreased. We concluded that eccentric exercise may be an effective treatment for patellar tendinitis, but that knee pain may limit optimal gains in strength.
Laboratory studies of methane and ethane adsorption and nucleation onto organic particles: Application to Titan's clouds

Abstract Titan, Saturn's largest moon, has a thick nitrogen/methane atmosphere. The temperature and pressure conditions in Titan's atmosphere are such that the methane vapor should condense near the tropopause to form clouds. Several ground-based measurements have observed sparse cloud-like features in Titan's atmosphere, while the Cassini mission to Saturn has provided large scale images of the clouds. However, Titan's cloud formation conditions remain poorly constrained. Heterogeneous nucleation (from the vapor phase onto a solid or liquid aerosol surface) greatly enhances cloud formation relative to homogeneous nucleation. In order to elucidate the cloud formation mechanism near the tropopause, we have performed laboratory measurements of the adsorption of methane and ethane onto solid organic particles (tholins) representative of Titan's photochemical haze. We find that monolayers of methane adsorb onto tholin particles at saturation ratios less than unity. We also find that solid methane nucleates onto the adsorbed methane at a saturation ratio of S = 1.07 ± 0.008 . This implies that Titan's methane clouds should form easily. This is consistent with recent measurements of the column of methane ruling out excessive methane supersaturation. In addition, we find ethane adsorbs onto tholin particles in a metastable phase prior to nucleation. However, ethane nucleation onto the adsorbed ethane occurs at a relatively high saturation ratio of S = 1.36 ± 0.08 . These findings are consistent with the recent report of polar ethane clouds in Titan's lower stratosphere.
A psychological definition of illusion

The psychological concept of illusion is defined as a process involving an interaction of logical and empirical considerations. Common usage suggests that an illusion is a discrepancy between one's...
New synthetic phosphinate analogues of lecithin.

The chemical syntheses of two new, completely nonhydrolyzable phosphinate analogues of lecithin are de- scribed. These have the structures ROCHH each is thus isosteric with lecithin on either side of the phosphorus function. The infrared spectra of these compounds undergo unexpected changes under mild acid, base, or ad- sorptive treatment. These are discussed and compared with related lecithin analogues, including the simple phosphinate + ClgH,7P(0) (O-)CH&H2N(CH3)3, whose synthesis is also reported. compound in which ether groups substitute for the leci- thin ester groups and which thus contains no hydrolyz- able groups at any position. Compared with natural phosphate lecithin, however, this phosphinate analogue contains one less atom between phosphorus and nitrogen and between phosphorus and the long-chain functional groups. The two phosphinate-containing lecithin analogues whose synthesis is reported below represent structures isosteric (-CH2- in place of -0-) with the natural lecithins on either side of the phosphorus atom. 3,4- Dioctadecoxybutyl(2 '-( trimethylammonium)ethyl)phos- phinate (11) is isosteric at the "glycerol" chain, while 2-hexadecoxy-3 - octadecoxypropyl(3 ' - (trimethylammo- nium)propyl)phosphinate (111) shows a similar structural feature at the nitrogenous base portion of the molecule.
The effectiveness of the longest delivery time rule for the flow shop delivery time problem

In the flow shop delivery time problem, a set of jobs has to be processed on m machines. Every machine has to process each one of the jobs, and every job has the same routing through the machines. The objective is to determine a sequence of the jobs on the machines so as to minimize maximum delivery completion time over all the jobs, where the delivery completion time of a job is the sum of its completion time, and the delivery time associated with that job. In this paper, we prove the asymptotic optimality of the Longest Delivery Time algorithm for the static version of this problem, and the Longest Delivery Time among Available Jobs (LDTA) algorithm for the dynamic version of this problem. In addition, we present the result of computational testing of the eectiveness of these algorithms.
Risk Factors for Uterine Atony/Postpartum Hemorrhage Requiring Treatment after Vaginal Delivery

Objective We sought to identify risk factors for uterine atony or hemorrhage. Study Design We conducted a secondary analysis of a 3-arm double-blind randomized trial of different dose regimens of oxytocin to prevent uterine atony after vaginal delivery. The primary outcome was uterine atony or hemorrhage requiring treatment. In all, 21 potential risk factors were evaluated. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors using 2 complementary predefined model selection strategies. Results Among 1798 women randomized to 10, 40, or 80 U of prophylactic oxytocin after vaginal delivery, treated uterine atony occurred in 7%. Hispanic (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–3.4), non-Hispanic white (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0–2.5), preeclampsia (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.0–4.9), and chorioamnionitis (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.6–5.0) were consistent independent risk factors. Other risk factors based on the specified selection strategies were obesity, induction/augmentation of labor, twins, hydramnios, anemia, and arrest of descent. Amnioinfusion appeared to be protective against uterine atony (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29–0.98). Conclusion Independent risk factors for uterine atony requiring treatment include Hispanic and non-Hispanic white ethnicity, preeclampsia, and chorioamnionitis.
8,9-dihydroxy-1,2,3,11b-tetrahydrochromeno[4,3,2,-de]isoquinoline (dinoxyline), a high affinity and potent agonist at all dopamine receptor isoforms.

Abstract The synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of 8,9-dihydroxy-1,2,3,11b-tetrahydrochromeno[4,3,2,-de]isoquinoline (5, now named dinoxyline) is described. This molecule was designed as a potential bioisostere that would conserve the essential elements of our β-phenyldopamine D1 pharmacophore (i.e., position and orientation of the nitrogen, hydroxyls, and phenyl rings). Previously, we have rigidified these elements using alkyl bridges, as exemplified in the dopamine D1 full agonist molecules dihydrexidine (1) and dinapsoline (2). This approach has been modified and we now show that it is possible to tether these elements using an ether linkage. Preliminary pharmacology has revealed that 5 is a potent full D1 agonist (K0.5
Atlantic Subtropical Storms. Part II: Climatology

Abstract A 45-yr climatology of subtropical cyclones (ST) for the North Atlantic is presented and analyzed. The STs pose a warm-season forecasting problem for subtropical locations such as Bermuda and the southern United States because of the potentially rapid onset of gale-force winds close to land. Criteria for identification of ST have been developed based on an accompanying case-study analysis. These criteria are applied here to the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-40) to construct a consistent historical database of 197 North Atlantic ST in 45 yr. Because ST may eventually evolve into tropical cyclones, sea surface temperatures (SST) and vertical wind shear conditions for tropical cyclogenesis are contrasted with the conditions for ST genesis identified here. Around 60% of the 197 ST formed over SST in excess of 25°C in a region of weak static stability. Further, the mean environmental vertical wind shear at formation for these storms is 10.7 m s−1, a magnitud...
Biomantle formation and artifact translocation in upland sandy soils: An example from the Holly Springs National Forest, north-central Mississippi, U.S.A.

Test excavations at prehistoric site 22MR539 in the North Central Hills uplands of Mississippi have provided evidence of the effects of bioturbation on artifacts within the soil. Artifact distribution and size data are compared to soil particle size and organic content to determine the soil developmental pathway. Progressive soil formation factors have formed a biomantle over a currently forming artifact stone line, while regressive factors have moved artifacts to a depth of more than 50 cm below surface over approximately 2000 years. The single-component, short-term nature of 22MR539 and many similar sites recorded in the area provide an ideal situation to further explore biological and mechanical factors in site formation in an upland setting. 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characteristic Polynomials of Subspace Arrangements and Finite Fields

Let A be any subspace arrangement in Rndefined over the integers and let Fqdenote the finite field withqelements. Letqbe a large prime. We prove that the characteristic polynomialχ(A, q) of A counts the number of points in Fnqthat do not lie in any of the subspaces ofA, viewed as subsets of Fnq. This observation, which generalizes a theorem of Blass and Sagan about subarrangements of the Bnarrangement, reduces the computation ofχ(A, q) to a counting problem and provides an explanation for the wealth of combinatorial results discovered in the theory of hyperplane arrangements in recent years. The basic idea has its origins in the work of Crapo and Rota (1970). We find new classes of hyperplane arrangements whose characteristic polynomials have simple form and very often factor completely over the nonnegative integers.
Implications of the research on expert overconfidence and dependence

Abstract In cases where interval estimates are obtained from expert opinion, the literature on expert overconfidence and dependence suggests that caution is in order. In particular, it may be inadvisable in such cases to interpret any areas of overlap among the intervals provided by the various experts as strong evidence that the quantity of interest falls within the region of overlap. The available literature on methods for assessing and compensating for overconfidence and for combining intervals or probability distributions from multiple experts is discussed. An ad hoc method of combining multiple expert opinions, suitable for use in relatively small projects, is also presented.
Designs and their codes

Algebraic coding theory has in recent years been increasingly applied to the study of combinatorial designs. This book gives an account of many of those applications together with a thorough general introduction to both design theory and coding theory - developing the relationship between the two areas. The first half of the book contains background material in design theory, including symmetric designs and designs from affine and projective geometry, and in coding theory, coverage of most of the important classes of linear codes. In particular, the authors provide a new treatment of the Reed-Muller and generalized Reed-Muller codes. The last three chapters treat the applications of coding theory to some important classes of designs, namely finite planes, Hadamard designs and Steiner systems, in particular the Witt systems. The book is aimed at mathematicians working in either coding theory or combinatorics - or related areas of algebra. The book is, however, designed to be used by non-specialists and can be used by those graduate students or computer scientists who may be working in these areas.
Influence of Experimental Diets on Carious Lesions in the Occlusal Sulci and on the Smooth Surfaces of the Molars of Caries-Susceptible Rats

Three commonly used cariogenic diets were compared to determine why their abilities to support weight gain differed. The initiation and development of carious lesions in the occlusal sulci and on the smooth surfaces of rat molars also were evaluated. Relatively small changes in dietary composition tended to cause major changes in caries activity at one or both sites.
Some Synoptic Aspects and Dynamic Features of Vortices Associated with the Tornado Outbreak of 3 April 1974

Abstract A study has been made of certain aspects of the “jumbo” tornado outbreak of 3 April 1974. The region characterized by a) surface dew point temperature Td⩾55°F, b) 500 mb winds ⩾60 kt, and c) veering winds ⩾15° in the 500 mb to 850 mb layer, contained 85 of the 93 tornado tracks determined in Fujita's initial aerial survey. Analyses of three storm cells with hook echoes, associated with tornado families (a total of nine tornadoes) in southeast Indiana, showed that 1) the velocity of a storm cell and accompanying hook are approximately the same, 2) tornadoes may move across and to the left of parent thunderstorm track at angles up to 21°, where 3) this angle tends to be less for longer tornado tracks, and 4) the tornado speed can differ from the speed of the hook. usually beginning close to it but ending several miles to the north of the hook (for left-moving tracks). Selected radar sequences show the prominent features of developmental, mature, and dissipative stages for each storm cell. A motion ...
Mechanochemical Pumping as an Adjunct to Diffusion in Oxygen Transport

The interconversion of mechanical and chemical energy has been recognized for many years. Some examples of conversion of mechanical energy to chemical energy are the decrease in molecular weight of rubber due to milling (1) and the initiation of styrene polymerization by fracturing sodium chloride crystals. Muscle contraction is an example of transformation of chemical to mechanical energy.
Retirement Plan Assets in Bankruptcy

This article discusses the treatment of retirement plan assets (including IRAs) in the bankruptcy of the account owner. The article describes the scope of protection under ERISA, the Supreme Court’s Shumate decision, the federal Bankruptcy Code and state laws governing the rights of debtors and creditors.
Production of hemagglutinin by mumps and influenza A viruses in suspended cell tissue cultures.

Conclusions1. An egg-adapted strain of mumps virus has been cultivated in suspended cell tissue cultures. 2. In such media the mumps virus as well as Influenza A virus (PR8 strain) produce measurable quantities of hemagglutinin.
Topiramate-induced severe heatstroke in an adult patient: a case report

Heatstroke is a life-threatening condition defined by failure of heat load dissipation, resulting in a core temperature higher than 40 °C (104 °F) associated with neurological dysfunction. Topiramate may cause anhidrosis, potentially resulting in heatstroke, as reported especially in children.
Analysis of an Action of a 220 kV Transformer Differential Protection

The short circuit fault of a complex 220 kV transformer and its diagnosis is introduced in the paper. The current of positive,negative and zero phase sequence (PS),and the act characteristic of transformer deferential protection under fault condition are analyzed. Fault types were identified according to recording waveforms at site. And the problems that should be paid attention to that when the fault spot is near the generator. Under single phase grounded the acquired current of positive PS is not equal to current of zero PS because of delta winding.
Presence or Absence of Unit Price Display and Its Influence on Snack Food Choices

This study explores the influence of price on consumers’ decisions when purchasing snack foods. Though price has previously been examined for its role in snack food purchases (e.g., French et al. 1997, 2001; Kuchler, Tegen, and Harris 2005), the novel contribution of this research is to examine the specific role of unit pricing (UP) in guiding consumer choice. UP refers to the “pricing of goods on the basis of cost per unit of measure” (Sefcik 2013). For example, the retail price of a 12 oz can of soda might be 99c and this could be expressed as a unit price of 8.25c per oz.
A Simple Method for Fabrication of Microstructures Using a PDMS Stamp

We report a simple method to fabricate PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) microwell arrays on glass by using a PDMS stamp to study cell-to-cell adhesion. In the cell-to-cell study, a glass substrate is required since glass has better cell attachment. The microwell arrays are replicated from an SU-8 master mold, and then are transferred to a glass substrate by lifting the PDMS stamp, followed by oxygen plasma bonding of the PDMS stamp on the glass substrate. For the cell-to-cell adhesion, four different types of PDMS arrays (e.g., rectangle, bowtie, wide-rhombus, and rhombus) were designed to vary the cell-to-cell contact length. The transfer success rates of the microwell arrays were measured as a function of both the contact area of the PDMS and the glass substrate and the different ratios between the base polymers and the curing agent. This method of generating the microwell arrays will enable a simple and robust construction of PDMS-based devices for various biological applications.