cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SCALING OF InGaAs/InAlAsHBTs FOR HIGH SPEED MIXED-SIGNAL AND mm-WAVE ICs

High bandwidths are obtained with heterojunction bipolar transistors by thinning the base and collector layers, increasing emitter current density, decreasing emitter contact resistivity, and reducing the emitter and collector junction widths. In mesa HBTs, minimum dimensions required for the base contact impose a minimum width for the collector junction, frustrating device scaling. Narrow collector junctions can be obtained by using substrate transfer processes, or -if contact resistivity is greatly reduced -by reducing the width of the base Ohmic contacts in a mesa structure. HBTs with submicron collector junctions exhibit extremely high fmax and high gains in mm-wave ICs. Logic gate delays are primarily set by depletion-layer charging times, and neither fτ nor fmax is indicative of logic speed. For high speed logic, epitaxial layers must be thinned, emitter and collector junction widths reduced, current density increased, and emitter parasitic resistance decreased. Transferred-substrate HBTs have obtained 21 dB unilateral power gain at 100 GHz. If extrapolated at -20 dB/decade, the power gain cutoff frequency fmax is 1.1 THz. Transferred-substrate HBTs have obtained 295 GHz fτ. Demonstrated ICs include lumped and distributed amplifiers with bandwidths to 85 GHz, 66 GHz master-slave flip-flops, and 18 GHz clock rate Δ-Σ ADCs.
Using antisense technology to develop a novel therapy for α-1 antitrypsin deficient (AATD) liver disease and to model AATD lung disease

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a serum protease inhibitor that belongs to the serpin superfamily. Mutations in AAT are associated with α-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), a rare genetic disease with two distinct manifestations: AATD lung disease and AATD liver disease. AATD lung disease is caused by loss-of-function of AAT and can be treated with plasma-derived AAT. AATD liver disease is due to the aggregation and retention of mutant AAT protein in the liver; the only treatment available for AATD liver disease is liver transplantation. Here we demonstrate that antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting human AAT efficiently reduce levels of both short and long human AAT transcript in vitro and in transgenic mice, providing a novel therapy for AATD liver disease. In addition, ASO-mediated depletion of mouse AAT may offer a useful animal model for the investigation of AATD lung disease.
A case of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis in an adolescent female.

Abstract Background Progesterone-induced dermatitis is a rare disorder. It typically occurs in females due to an autoimmune phenomenon to endogenous progesterone production, but can also be caused by exogenous intake of a synthetic progestin. Here, we present a case of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (AIPD) seen in an adolescent female. Case The patient is a 15-year-old Caucasian female with no significant past medical history and no prior exogenous hormone use, who presented to her primary care physician complaining of cyclic skin eruptions. She noted that her dermatologic symptoms occurred monthly, just prior to her menses. An intradermal skin test using 0.1 cc of progesterone was performed. The patient immediately developed a wheal, confirming the diagnosis of AIPD. The patient was begun on a continuous regimen of an oral contraceptive pill with 30 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol and 0.15 mg of levonorgestrel. The skin eruptions have not returned since the initiation of this therapy. Conclusion Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis manifests via the occurrence of cyclic skin eruptions. Women with the disorder commonly present with dermatologic lesions in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Diagnosis of AIPD is confirmed by performing a skin allergen test using progesterone. Due to its rarity, AIPD should be considered a diagnosis of exclusion. In cases believed to be due to an endogenous production of progesterone, several methods of therapy have been attempted. The ultimate goal of therapy is the suppression of ovulation, which will prevent endogenous hormone production as progesterone is only produced in ovulatory cycles. Currently, the first-line choice of therapy is a combination oral contraceptive. If this treatment is ineffective, patients have been treated with danazol, gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs, tamoxifen, and oophorectomy with varying success.
Two-dimensional conductometric detection in ion chromatography. Analyte identification, quantitation of very weak acid anions, and universal calibration

A universal and sensitive detection method for anion chromatography is described. Following suppressed conductometric detection carried out with an NaOH eluent and an electrical suppressor, the eluite is transported through a microscale electrodialytic NaOH generator and a second conductivity detector. While the first detector responds primarily to strong acid anions, the second detector records a decrease in the NaOH background signal, regardless of the pK a of the analyte. Routine detection of very weak acids at the low micromolar level is possible. The dual detection method not only constitutes the most generally applicable approach to IC by combining the detection merits of both suppressed and single-column IC, it provides possibilities of peak identification beyond retention characteristics. Area ratio values from the two detector signals provide unique signatures for each analyte ion. It is possible to estimate the limiting equivalent conductance of an unknown eluite and the analyte concentration without specific calibration. The method is also effective in diagnosing the occurrence of coelution.
Spatial and feeding requirements for pupation of last instar larval Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera)

Abstract The emergence of pupae from lightly spun-up last stage larvae can be significantly delayed simply by depriving the larvae of sufficient free space. The effect is upon pupation, and apparently not upon larval-pupal ecdysis. The inhibition may be prolonged for months without restricting larval movement when free space is practically eliminated by use of food-filled containers. The quality of the free space is most important: with containers of approximately equal volumes, those having more flat area seem more conducive to emergence, and those with a highly restrictive dimension inhibit it. The inhibition does not seem to be due to such factors as humidity, population density, the availability of room for cocoon construction, or the build-up of chemical inhibitors. In the last larval instar a minimum of 2 days' exposure to standard diet is needed for metamorphosis. Isolated last stage larvae would pupate if they were provided after the last larval-larval ecdysis with nothing more than any one of the following substances: beeswax, palmitic acid, ceryl alcohol, myristyl ester of palmitic acid, or mixtures of cellulose, casein, glucose, and glycerine. Such larvae die within 3 weeks if given only methyl palmitate, myristyl alcohol, hexadecanol, myricyl alcohol, cellulose and water, or any of three waxes.
Temperature dependencies and apparent activation energies of stomatal opening and closing.

Stomatal opening movements in response to illumination, and stomatal closure following darkening were studied in leaf sections of Zea mays, using air-flow porometers. Stomatal opening is characterized by a phase of linear increase of air flow through the leaf (slope = “opening velocity”); stomatal closure follows a relaxation curve from which a time constant (“closing coefficient”) can be derived.
Organizational Transformations in Transition Economies: Hypotheses:

This article employs new growth theories and resource advantage/dynamic capabilities research to explain how the process of economic liberalization in transition economies (TEs) redefines the bases...
The creation and history of the universe

Using our most advanced techniques and instruments we sift through relic clues and evidence to understand the events surrounding the birth and subsequent development of the Universe. A precision inspection and investigation of the Cosmic Scene along with careful analysis, discussion, and computer modeling have allowed us determine what happened over billions of years with amazing certainty and accuracy. The Cosmic Microwave Background is a primary relic from the beginning of the Universe and a key tool in our work. Some of our findings are surprising and even provide shocking twists of plot. There remain even additional mysteries to be solved. In spite of that we can tell the tale of the creation and history of the Universe show key supporting evidence some of it from very early times including using the cosmic background light to provide a direct microwave image of the embryo universe.
A heparin-mimicking polymer conjugate stabilizes basic fibroblast growth factor

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a protein that plays a crucial role in diverse cellular functions, from wound healing to bone regeneration. However, a major obstacle to the widespread application of bFGF is its inherent instability during storage and delivery. Here, we describe the stabilization of bFGF by covalent conjugation with a heparin-mimicking polymer, a copolymer consisting of styrene sulfonate units and methyl methacrylate units bearing poly(ethylene glycol) side chains. The bFGF conjugate of this polymer retained bioactivity after synthesis and was stable to a variety of environmentally and therapeutically relevant stressors--such as heat, mild and harsh acidic conditions, storage and proteolytic degradation--unlike native bFGF. Following the application of stress, the conjugate was also significantly more active than the control conjugate system in which the styrene sulfonate units were omitted from the polymer structure. This research has important implications for the clinical use of bFGF and for the stabilization of heparin-binding growth factors in general.
Preparation of glasses in the ZnBr2-PbBr2-TlBr system

Determination du domaine de vitrification, proprietes physiques et optiques des verres du systeme ZnBr 2 −PbBr 2 −TlBr
Electronic correlation and transport properties of nuclear fuel materials

The electronic structures and transport properties of a series of actinide monocarbides, mononitrides, and dioxides are studied systematically using a combination of density-functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory. The studied materials present different electronic correlation strength and degree of localization of 5f electrons, where a metal-insulator boundary naturally lies within. In the spectral function of Mott-insulating uranium oxide, a resonance peak is observed in both theory and experiment and may be understood as a generalized Zhang-Rice state. We also investigate the interplay between electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions, both of which are responsible for the transport in the metallic compounds. Our findings allow us to gain insight in the roles played by different scattering mechanisms, and suggest how to improve their thermal conductivities.
Identification by molecular cloning of two forms of the α-subunit of the human liver stimulatory (Gs) regulatory component of adenylyl cyclase

Abstract Two DNA molecules complementary to human liver mRNA coding for the α-subunit of the stimulatory regulatory component Gs of adenylyl cyclase were cloned. One of the two forms is a full-length cDNA of 1614 nucleotides plus a poly(A) tail of 59 nucleotides. The deduced sequence of 394 amino acids encoded by its open reading frame is essentially identical to that of the α-subunits of Gs identified by molecular cloning from bovine adrenals, bovine brain and rat brain. Two independent clones of the other type of cDNA were isolated. Both were incomplete, beginning within the open reading frame coding for the αs polypeptide. One codes for amino acids 5 through 394 and the other for amino acids 48 through 394 of the above described cDNA of 1614 nucleotides, and both have the identical 3'-untranslated sequence. They differ from the first cDNA, however, in that they lack a stretch of 42 nucleotides (numbers 214 through 255) and have nucleotides 213 (G) and 256 (G) replaced with C and A, respectively. This results in a predicted amino acid composition of another α-subunit of Gs that is shorter by 14 amino acids and contains two substitutions (Asp for Glu and Ser for Gly) at the interface between the deletion and the unchanged sequence. We call the smaller subunit αs1 and the larger αs2. This is the first demonstration of a structural heterogeneity in αs, subunits that is due to a difference in amino acid sequence.
Epitaxial growth of thin films of SrTi1 − xRuxO3 − δ by pulsed laser deposition

Abstract The pulsed laser deposition technique has been utilized for thin film synthesis of a continuous series of solid solutions of the end member perovskite compounds SrTiO 3 and SrRuO 3 . The SrTi 1 − x Ru x O 3 − d (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) films are grown epitaxially on (100)-oriented SrTiO 3 substrates in a low pressure atomic oxygen ambient with in situ monitoring using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The as-deposited films are cubic or pseudocubic over the whole composition range with the lattice parameter increasing continuously with increasing Ru 4+ substitution. Correspondingly, the resistivity evolves from insulating to metallic behavior. The solid solution films are potentially useful as latticed-matched buffer layers for heteroepitaxial growth, or as barrier layers in tunnel junctions with controlled resistive properties.
Pathology of Substitute Heart Valves: New Concepts and Developments

All types of contemporary cardiac valve substitutes suffer deficiencies and complications that limit their success. Mechanical and bioprosthetic valves are intrinsically obstructive, especially in small sizes. Mechanical valves are associated with thromboembollc problems; the chronic anticoagulation used in virtually all mechanlcal valve recipients causes hemorrhage in some. Calcification limits the success of porcine and pericardial bio-prostheses, allograft valves, and the yet experimental trileaflet polymeric prostheses. The predominant mechanism of calcification in porcine, pericardial, and allogratt valves is cell mediated, being nucleated at the membranes and in organelles of the transplanted cells. In polymeric leaflet valves, calcification is both extrinsic (in adherent thrombus) and Intrinsic (subsurface and acellular in the solid elastomer). Nevertheless, except for a few notable exceptions, contemporary mechanical valves are durable. Other Important potential complications of prosthetic and bioprosthetic valves include paravalvular leak, endocarditis, or extrinsic interference with function. Moreover, aortic valvular allografts undergo progresshe noncalclfic degeneration, tearing, sagging, and/or retraction. Studies of retrieved long-term cryopreserved allograft explants demonstrate severe degeneration, with distortion of normal architectural detail, loss of endothelial and deep connective tissue cells, and variable inflammatory cellularity. Thus, they are morphologically nonviable valves, whose structural basis for function seems primarily related to the largely preserved collagen, and they are unlikely to have the capacity to grow, remodel, or exhibit active metabolic functions. Since calcification intrinsic to the cusps is the major pathologic process necessitating bioprosthetic valve reoperations, efforts to prevent formation of mineral deposits are active. The most promising anticalcification techniques are preimplantation treatments of glutaraldehyde fixed tissue with either detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, 2-amino oleic acid, cations such as Fe3+ or Al3+, or dlphosphonate drugs such as ethane hydroxydiphosphonate, or tissue preservation alternatives to aldehydes, such as polyepoxide compounds or dye mediated photooxidation treatment. Promising innovative concepts also under Investigation include modifications of bioprosthetic valve stent design and tissue mounting techniques to reduce cuspal stresses, tissue treatments to enhance endothelialization, nonstented porclne valves, and minimally cross-linked autologous pericardial valves. (J Card Surg 1994; 9[Suppl]:222–227)
Effect of N-acetyl-cis-4-hydroxyproline on collagen synthesis

Abstract Several in vitro studies have suggested that proline analogs can be incorporated into collagen, but are not hydroxylated, thereby reducing the rate of collagen synthesis and secretion. One of these analogs, N -acetyl- cis -4-hydroxyproline, has been reported to cause human keloid regression, presumably by decreasing collagen synthesis. Therefore, the effect of this proline analog on collagen synthesis was tested using rat wounds and chick embryo frontal bones. N -Acetyl- cis -hydroxyproline does not reduce the rate of collagen synthesis in either system.
Effect of irradiation on the immunocompetence of peripheral blood and regional lymph node lymphocytes in bladder cancer.

Abstract The ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and regional lymph node cells (LNC) to respond in mixed lymphocyte (MLC) and mitogen-stimulated cultures was determined in 24 bladder cancer patients after radiation therapy. LNC were also tested for their ability to suppress MLC reactivity. Eighteen patients were studied immediately after preoperative irradiation (2000 R) and six were tested at least 4 months after definitive radiotherapy (6000+ R). MLC responsiveness was significantly decreased after preoperative irradiation compared with remote irradiation (24 vs 115% for PBL; 8 vs 46% for LNC). Both the PBL and LNC responses to mitogens were depressed from normal; however, there was no difference in patients irradiated preoperatively or in the past. PBL and LNC reactivity correlated with the extent of disease and suppressor cell activity, which was detected in the lymph nodes of both preoperatively (four) and remotely (three) irradiated patients, rather than prior radiotherapy.
Formate detection by potassium permanganate for enhanced hydrogen production in Escherichia coli

Mutagenesis of Escherichia coli for hydrogen production is difficult since there is no high-throughput screen. Here we describe a method for rapid detection of enhanced hydrogen production by engineered strains by detecting formate via potassium permanganate; in E. coli, hydrogen is synthesized from formate using the formate hydrogen lyase system.
The elephant trunk procedure: uses in complex aortic diseases.

Purpose of review The elephant trunk procedure is used for extensive aneurysms involving both the ascending aorta/aortic arch and the descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta. Recent findings This is a high-risk staged procedure; however, with current techniques in our most recent series the survival rate was 98% for the first operation and 92% for the second. Summary With the more liberal use of hybrid procedures and endovascular stenting for the second stage of the elephant trunk procedure, the operation can be used more often in patients with severe comorbid disease, particularly respiratory problems.
Ab initio molecular dynamics with discrete variable representation basis sets : Techniques and application to liquid water

Finite temperature ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), in which forces are obtained from “on-the-fly” electronic structure calculations, is a widely used technique for studying structural and dynamical properties of chemically active systems. Recently, we introduced an AIMD scheme based on discrete variable representation (DVR) basis sets, which was shown to have improved convergence properties over the conventional plane wave (PW) basis set [Liu,Y.; et al. Phys. Rev. B 2003, 68, 125110]. In the present work, the numerical algorithms for the DVR based AIMD scheme (DVR/AIMD) are provided in detail, and the latest developments of the approach are presented. The accuracy and stability of the current implementation of the DVR/AIMD scheme are tested by performing a simulation of liquid water at ambient conditions. The structural information obtained from the present work is in good agreement with the result of recent AIMD simulations with a PW basis set (PW/AIMD). Advantages of using the DVR/AIMD scheme over ...
Density functional theory of charged, hard-sphere fluids

An approximate electrostatic (ES) excess free energy functional for charged, hard sphere fluids is presented. This functional is designed for systems with large density variations, but may also be applied to systems without such variations. Based on the Rosenfeld method of perturbation about a bulk (homogeneous) reference fluid [Y. Rosenfeld, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 8126 (1993)], the new ES functional replaces the reference fluid densities with a functional of the particle densities, called the RFD functional. The first-order direct correlation function (DCF) in the particle densities is computed using as input the first- and second-order DCFs in [rho(i)(x)], the inhomogeneous densities defined by the RFD functional. Because this formulation imposes no a priori constraints on the form of the RFD functional-it is valid for any choice of [rho(i)(x)]-the RFD functional may be chosen (1) so that the input DCFs (that is, DCFs in [rho(i)(x)]) may be approximated and (2) so the combination of [rho(i)(x)] and input DCFs yields a good estimate of the first-order DCF in the particle densities. In this way, the general problem of finding the excess free energy functional has been replaced by the specific problem of choosing a RFD functional. We present a particular RFD functional that, together with bulk formulations for the input DCFs, accurately reproduces the results of Monte Carlo simulations.
The Effects of Joint Position and Direction of Joint Motion on Proprioceptive Sensibility in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Athletes:

We studied a group of anterior cruciate ligament-deficient athletes to identify whether joint position and direction of joint motion have a significant effect on proprioception. Twenty-nine anterior cruciate ligament-deficient athletes were tested for their threshold to detect passive motion at both 15 degrees and 45 degrees moving into the directions of both flexion and extension. The single-legged hop test was used to identify function in the deficient limb. Results demonstrated statistically significant deficits in threshold to detect passive motion for the deficient limb at 15 degrees moving into extension. For the deficient limb, threshold to detect passive motion was significantly more sensitive moving into extension than flexion at a starting angle of 15 degrees; at a starting angle of 15 degrees moving into extension threshold was significantly more sensitive than at a starting angle of 45 degrees moving into extension. We conclude that in deficient limbs proprioception is significantly more sensitive in the end ranges of knee extension (15 degrees) and is significantly more sensitive moving into the direction of extension. To effectively restore reflex stabilization of the lower limb we recommend a rehabilitation program emphasizing performance-based, weightbearing, closed kinetic chain exercise for the muscle groups that act on the knee joint.
Effects of Complementarity Determining Region Mutations on the Affinity of an α/β T Cell Receptor: Measuring the Energy Associated with CD4/CD8 Repertoire Skewing

It has been proposed that the generally low affinities of T cell receptors (TCRs) for their peptide–major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligands (Kd ∼10−4 to 10−7 M) are the result of biological selection rather than an intrinsic affinity limitation imposed by the TCR framework. Using a soluble version of the 2C TCR, we have used complementarity determining region (CDR)-directed mutagenesis to investigate whether the affinity of this receptor for its allogeneic pMHC ligand can be improved upon. We report that several mutants at positions lying within CDR3α and CDR2β showed increased affinities for pMHC compared with the wild-type receptor. Additionally, we have investigated whether Vα mutations that have been implicated in the phenomenon of CD8+ repertoire skewing achieve this skewing by means of generalized increases in affinity for MHC-I molecules. Two mutants (S27F and S51P), which each promote skewing toward a CD8+ phenotype, exhibited significantly reduced affinity for pMHC-I, consistent with a quantitative-instructional model of CD4/CD8 lineage commitment. This model predicts that CD8 is downregulated on thymocytes that have TCR–ligand interactions above a minimal energy threshold. Together, the results (a) demonstrate that engineering higher affinity TCRs is feasible, and (b) provide TCR–pMHC energy values associated with CD4/CD8 repertoire skewing.
A Two‐Week Evaluation of Available Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy from NMC and ECMWF Analyses

Abstract Available potential energy and kinetic energy distributions for the Northern Hemisphere computed from the FGGE Level IIIa analyses produced at the National Meteorological Center (NMC) and the Level IIIb analyses prepared at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) are presented for a two‐week period 14–27 February 1979. The most significant difference between the two datasets appear in the eddy components, where the hemispheric ECMWF values are smaller than the NMC values. This difference is found at almost every latitude in the APE distributions and in tropical and polar latitudes in the KE distributions. Vertical cross sections and 250 mb height patterns for three individual days show smoother and weaker short wave features over the oceans in the ECMWF analyses. Jet streak maxima at 250 mb tended to be stronger in the NMC analyses. These results are consistent with those from previous studies which noted smaller energy values in the ECMWF analyses compared to NMC and GFD...
Gliding motility in cyanobacteria: observations and possible explanations

Cyanobacteria are a morphologically diverse group of phototrophic prokaryotes that are capable of a peculiar type of motility characterized as gliding. Gliding motility requires contact with a solid surface and occurs in a direction parallel to the long axis of the cell or filament. Although the mechanistic basis for gliding motility in cyanobacteria has not been established, recent ultrastructural work has helped to identify characteristic structural features that may play a role in this type of locomotion. Among these features are the distinct cell surfaces formed by specifically arranged protein fibrils and organelle-like structures, which may be involved in the secretion of mucilage during locomotion. The possible role of these ultrastructural features, as well as consequences for understanding the molecular basis of gliding motility in cyanobacteria, are the topic of this review.
Elastic — Elastic scattering of electrons from ions and atoms

A computer program, Elastic, is presented which calculates the elastic scattering cross section as a function of scattering angle for electrons colliding with ions or atoms. The scattering is computed in an independent particle approach through calculation of the scattering phase shifts for an electron encountering a parameterized model potential. The functional form of the potential implemented is approximately valid for all ions and atoms and has parameters that are based on a fit of Hartree—Fock orbital energies (R.H. Garvey, C.H. Jackman, A.E.S. Green, Phys. Rev. A 12 (1975) 1144). The user could easily modify the program to utilize other forms however. An auxiliary program. Green-pot, is included which computes the parameters of the Garvey et al. potential for use in Elastic, for display and analysis of the potential, and for use in other applications.
Toward a Jurisprudence of Family Violence

Modern law reform developments have focused increased attention on the jurisprudence of family violence. State intervention in ongoing family relations has been generally constrained by concern for family privacy except when the taking of life, parental incest, or the imminent threat to life or health of a minor child was involved. There are three basic enforcement strategies for dealing with family violence- privatization, contingent intervention, and compulsory intervention- and they represent a continuum of responses to suppress violence among intimates. Privatization is essentially a separation from the formal legal system, contingent intervention makes legal responses available only after the victim has taken action, and compulsory intervention involves full enforcement of the criminal law. Participants in the social and political movement calling for criminalization of family violence would use criminal law powers to regulate family violence by preferring criminal law over other alternatives to deal...
Proof-Carrying Hardware Intellectual Property: A Pathway to Trusted Module Acquisition

We present a novel framework for facilitating the acquisition of provably trustworthy hardware intellectual property (IP). The proposed framework draws upon research in the field of proof-carrying code (PCC) to allow for formal yet computationally straightforward validation of security-related properties by the IP consumer. These security-related properties, agreed upon a priori by the IP vendor and consumer and codified in a temporal logic, outline the boundaries of trusted operation, without necessarily specifying the exact IP functionality. A formal proof of these properties is then crafted by the vendor and presented to the consumer alongside the hardware IP. The consumer, in turn, can easily and automatically check the correctness of the proof and, thereby, validate compliance of the hardware IP with the agreed-upon properties. We implement the proposed framework using a synthesizable subset of Verilog and a series of pertinent definitions in the Coq theorem-proving language. Finally, we demonstrate the application of this framework on a simple IP acquisition scenario, including specification of security-related properties, Verilog code for two alter- native circuit implementations, as well as proofs of their security compliance.
MY JOURNEY TO THE SUPERHEAVY ISLAND WITH SZYMANSKI, NILSSON, NIX, AND SWIATECKI FROM LYSEKIL TO THE PRESENT

We discuss the great theoretical insights on nuclear stability that emerged in the late 1960ies, especially the realization that observable nuclei might include a superheavy island 20+ protons beyond uranium with 92 protons. However, we now realize that the early models were not sufficiently quantitative to yield definite conclusions. Further groundwork for such models was laid in the 1970ies. Around 1980 more quantitative, global and universal models appeared and together with experimental advances the mapping of the superheavy island, or as it turns out now, continent started in earnest. We review these early developments and conclude with some examples of our current insights. In particular, 1) some theoretical models do have predictive capabilities for nuclear properties such as ground-state masses, shapes, and half-lives 10 or more neutrons and protons away from previously known regions and 2) the superheavy island may be a continent connected to the actinides by a narrow land bridge; the continent itself may extend from about proton number Z = 110 to Z = 120 or slightly beyond.
Transformation of chick fibroblast cultures with avian myeloblastosis virus.

Cellular transformation was induced with avian myeloblastosis virus strain BAI-A (standard AMV) and with a strain of AMV containing subgroup B only. Cultures of muscle tissues from either chick embryo or day old chicks were used for this study. Results were similar in C/O and C/A cells. Leukemogenic virus was continuously produced by these transformed cultures.
Detection of Subpopulations in Near-Infrared Reflectance Analysis

In typical near-infrared multivariate statistical analyses, samples with similar spectra produce points that cluster in a certain region of spectral hyperspace. These clusters can vary significantly in shape and size due to variation in sample packings, particle-size distributions, component concentrations, and drift with time. These factors, when combined with discriminant analysis using simple distance metrics, produce a test in which a result that places a particular point inside a particular cluster does not necessarily mean that the point is actually a member of the cluster. Instead, the point may be a member of a new, slightly different cluster that overlaps the first. A new cluster can be created by factors like low-level contamination or instrumental drift. An extention added to part of the BEAST (Bootstrap Error-Adjusted Single-sample Technique) can be used to set nonparametric probability-density contours inside spectral clusters as well as outside, and when multiple points begin to appear in a certain region of cluster-hyperspace the perturbation of these density contours can be detected at an assigned significance level. The detection of false samples both within and beyond 3 SDs of the center of the training set is possible with this method. This procedure is shown to be effective for contaminant levels of a few hundred ppm in an over-the-counter drug capsule, and is shown to function with as few as one or two wavelengths, suggesting its application to very simple process sensors.
VX-497: A novel, selective IMPDH inhibitor and immunosuppressive agent

Abstract Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is an essential rate-limiting enzyme in the purine metabolic pathway, catalyzing the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides required for lymphocyte proliferation. IMPDH has therefore been an attractive target for developing immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., CellCept® and mizoribine). Here we describe the immunosuppressive activity of VX-497, a novel noncompetitive inhibitor of IMPDH. VX-497 (MW 452.5) is orally bioavailable and inhibits the proliferation of primary human, mouse, rat, and dog lymphocytes at concentrations of ∼100 nM. The inhibitory effect of VX-497 on lymphocytes is reversed in the presence of exogenous guanosine, but not in the presence of adenosine or uridine, confirming that the antilymphocytic activity of VX-497 is specifically due to inhibition of IMPDH. The antiproliferative effect of VX-497 in cells is also reversed within 48 h of its removal. Based on evaluation of VX-497 in several lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, the antiproliferative effect of VX-497 is observed to be most pronounced on lymphoid and keratinocyte cells as compared with fibroblasts. In vivo , oral administration of VX-497 inhibits the primary IgM antibody response in a dose-dependent manner, with an ED 50 value of ∼30–35 mg/kg in mice. Single daily dosing of VX-497 is observed to be as effective as twice-daily dosing in this model of immune activation. These studies demonstrate that VX-497 is a potent, specific, and reversible IMPDH inhibitor that selectively inhibits lymphocyte proliferation. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 90:625–637, 2001
Scaling dermatosis in three dogs associated with abnormal sebaceous gland differentiation

BACKGROUND Abnormal sebaceous gland differentiation, so-called 'sebaceous gland dysplasia', is a rare condition described in the dog and the cat. Although little is known about this condition, it is thought that a genetic defect causes abnormal sebaceous gland development. Clinically, this condition occurs in young cats and dogs and is characterized by variable degrees of adherent scale, hair casts, poor coat quality and hypotrichosis. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE Here, we describe the clinical presentation and treatment of three adult dogs with abnormal sebaceous gland differentiation. ANIMALS Three adult dogs presented with a keratinization defect characterized by progressive scaling, hair casts, dull, dry, brittle hair coat and hypotrichosis beginning in puppyhood to early adulthood. METHODS Multiple 6 mm punch skin biopsy samples were obtained from each dog. Treatments included various topical keratomodulatory agents, oral essential fatty acids and oral vitamin A. RESULTS Histologically, all sebaceous glands were small and composed of a mixture of irregularly clustered basal reserve cells and mature sebocytes. With therapy, two of the dogs showed moderate to marked clinical improvement in scaling, hair casts and hair coat quality. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Although rare, 'sebaceous gland dysplasia' should be considered in cases where a primary keratinization defect is suspected. Given that abnormal sebaceous differentiation is a structural defect of the skin, treatment must be maintained and is aimed at ameliorating the clinical signs rather than curing the disease.
Spontaneous life threatening intra-hepatic hemorrhage & poly arteritis nodosa

Introduction: Intra hepatic hemorrhage is a rare cause of initial presentation and diagnosis of PAN. We report here an unusual case of life threatening intra-parenchymal hepatic hemorrhage occurring spontaneously.
The genetics of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Abstract DiGeorge Syndrome (DGS) Velocardiofacial Syndrome (VCFS) and Shprintzen Syndrome (SS) have all been shown to be the result of the same chromosomal deletion. This group of disorders is known as a contiguous gene deletion syndrome. Contiguous gene deletion syndrome is defined as the recurrent patterns of similar abnormalities in differing syndromes reflecting the neighboring chromosomal location of deleted or duplicated genes. The chromosomal location of VCFS, DGS and SS is on band 11.2 of the long arm of chromosome 22 (22q11.2). Velocardiofacial syndrome occurs in 1/4000 five births and accounts for 6% of all congenital heart defects. The purpose of this article is to discuss the genetic basis of DGS and VCFS, including variable expression, mode of inheritance, diagnostic testing, and the implications for patients and families. With earlier recognition and diagnosis of this disorder, health care providers and families can become more vigilant in recognizing the associated medical complications and institute the necessary developmental interventions needed to maximize the outcome for these patients.
Abstract A05: Ubiquilin1 represses migration and epithelial to mesenchymal transition of human non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Ubiquilin1 (UBQLN1) is a ubiquitin-like domain and a ubiquitin-associated domain containing protein that has been reported to be involved in shuttling proteins to the proteasome, especially during endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Thus, UBQLN1 function has been shown to be critical for combating a number of neurological disorders caused by protein aggregation, such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer9s disease and Huntington9s disease. A role for UBQLN1 in regulating processes involved in tumorigenesis has not been demonstrated. Herein, we show that loss of UBQLN1 causes increased cell migration and invasion, actin cytoskeleton reorganization and induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Loss of UBQLN1 results in a significant decrease in the expression of epithelial markers including E-cadherin and claudin1, whereas expression of mesenchymal markers including Vimentin, Snail and ZEB1 are significantly elevated. Interestingly, we found that ZEB1 is required for induction of mesenchymal-like properties following loss of UBQLN1 and ZEB1 is capable of repressing expression of UBQLN1, suggesting a physiological, reciprocal regulation of EMT by UBQLN1 and ZEB1. Furthermore, we observed that loss of UBQLN1 sensitizes lung cancer cells to treatment with cytotoxic drugs. These observations have potential clinical relevance because the UBQLN1 gene is lost and under-expressed in a large percentage of human cancer cell lines and primary human lung cancer samples. Taken together, our results suggest for the first time a role of UBQLN1 in the regulation of EMT and a potential role in cancer biology and in predictive cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: Parag P. Shah, William W. Lockwood, Kumar Saurabh, Zimple Kurlawala, Sabine Waigel, Wolfgang Zacharias, Levi J. Beverly. Ubiquilin1 represses migration and epithelial to mesenchymal transition of human non-small cell lung cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr A05.
Carbon-carbon coupling from formaldehyde reaction on Mo(110)

Abstract Formaldehyde (CH2O) reaction on Mo(110) is studied with temperature programmed reaction and infrared reflectance absorbance spectroscopy. We present preliminary results which demonstrate the evolution of gas-phase ethylene from the formaldehyde reaction, to the best of our knowledge the first example of carbon–carbon bond formation on clean Mo(110). This reaction is proposed to proceed via an ethylene dialkoxide intermediate, analogous to that formed during reaction of ethylene glycol on Mo(110). Other reactions include hydrogenation of CH2O to form a methoxy intermediate which subsequently undergoes C–O bond scission to evolve gas-phase methyl radicals at ∼600 K.
Multiple inversion recovery MR subtraction imaging of human ventilation from inhalation of room air and pure oxygen

The feasibility of MR subtraction imaging of lung ventilation using air against oxygen using a multiple inversion recovery half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo (MIR-HASTE) sequence was investigated. Eight healthy, nonsmoking volunteers (3 males, 5 females; from 27 to 48 years of age) were studied on a 1.5 T MR unit. The ventilation image was obtained from the subtraction of the images acquired with the subject inhaling room air and 100% oxygen. By suppressing the signal from subcutaneous fat and thoracic muscle, MIR-HASTE improved the subtraction of signal arising from background tissues. Lung parenchyma, pulmonary veins, descending aorta, spleen, and kidney showed high signal difference, but pulmonary arteries exhibited minimal signal difference. Because of minimal signal change in the pulmonary arteries after inhalation of 100% oxygen, the average signal decreases in the left and right lungs including hilus and periphery amounted to only 19.4+/-4.5 and 20.2+/-3.4%, respectively, compared with regional averages of 23.6+/-5.4 and 24.1+/-3.1% for both lung peripheries alone. Magn Reson Med 43:913-916, 2000.
Essays on the Commercialization of Indian Agriculture

Of the dozen essays that comprise this volume, three are by prominent Indian economists: K.N. Raj's piece introduces the subject; Krishna Bharadwaj's theoretcial essay summarizes what has been learnt on the process of commercialization; and Amit Bhaduri offers a challenging interpretation of the differences between agricultural commercialization in the eastern and western parts of Uttar Pradesh. Other important contributors include Pradipta Chaudhuri, Sumit Guha, and Chiranjib Sen.
Superpositional effects in molecular pattern recognition

Abstract Loosely bound electrons in proteins allow for interference effects that focus thermal energy on selected degrees of nuclear freedom. The importance for enzyme speed and specificity is suggested by restrictions that conformational motions would have to comply with if all electrons were required to behave in accordance with the quantum mechanical adiabatic principle. The electronic superpositions lead as well as follow the nuclear motions.
Preparing Tomorrow’s Nursing Home Nurses: The Wisconsin Long Term Care Clinical Scholars Program

Preparing future nurses to care for the growing population of older adults has become a national priority. The demand for long term care services is expected to double between 2000 and 2040, yet the field remains stigmatized as an undesirable place for highly skilled nurses to work. Recent efforts to increase student preparation in geriatrics have been shown to improve student attitudes toward working with older adults and increase knowledge, but long term care settings remain unattractive to students. This article reports on the development, implementation, and evaluation of The Wisconsin Long Term Care Clinical Scholars Program, a nursing home internship for baccalaureate nursing students. The program couples a paid nursing home work experience with an evidence-based long term care nursing curriculum. The program increased student preparation and interest in working both with older adults and in nursing homes, while increasing the capacity of nursing homes to provide a positive student experience.
Full-Wave Analysis of a Novel Branch-Line Coupler with Series Junctions Between Lines

A novel two-branch coupler with series junctions between microstrip lines and slotlines has been synthesized first by using the even-odd mode theory. The spectral domain approach (SDA) is then utilized to rigorously analyze such a new circuit. By the formulation of the exact Green's function in the spectral domain, the effects of surface wave and radiation phenomena are accurately accounted for. Experimental data has been shown to be in good agreement with the theoretical ones.
On groups of ring multiplications

One easily proves that Mult (A) is isomorphic to both Horn ( A | A) and Hom (A, End (A)), where A | A is the tensor product of A with itself and End (A) is the endomorphism ring of A. Hence each e E Mult (A) is associated with a homomorphism t /mapping A into End (A) and a subgroup K of A is determined which is the kernel of t/. We may then ask for a determination of those subgroups K of A which can be kernels of such homomorphisms. Although this paper is mainly concerned with other aspects of Mult (A), the following result may be of some interest in this connection.
Time-Resolved Coded Aperture Imaging System For Nuclear Fuel Motion Measurements

A coded aperture imaging system for the measurement of nuclear fuel motion in simulated core disruptive accidents is described. A one dimensional Fresnel zone plate type coded aperture is used to modulate the fission gamma rays emitted from the fuel pin under test. Two active imaging systems have been developed to detect the coded image and record it on film using a high speed camera. The first system is an X-ray image intensifier which converts fission gamma rays to optical photons in a thin (0.1 mm) CsI(Tl) scintillator screen on which a photocathode is deposited. The photoelectrons thus created are collected and focused by electron optics and produce an image on the output phosphor. The second system utilizes a NaI(Tl) scintil-lator crystal and a separate high gain optical image intensifier to produce the desired coded image. With a few modifications both systems appear capable of achieving the preliminary design goals of 1 mm radial resolution, 5 mm axial (along the fuel pin axis) resolution and 1 msec temporal resolution. Presently, the X-ray image intensifier system offers the best resolution, but the second system provides higher gain and a wider selection of operating conditions. The temporal response of both systems is limited to a few milliseconds by the output phosphor. Experimental performance data for each system will be presented, and the results of pre-liminary nuclear fuel pin imaging experiment performed at the Sandia Pulsed Reactor will be shown.