cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of a Novel Man-Portable Magnetic STAR Technology for Real Time Localization of Unexploded Ordnance

We report results of field tests of the first prototype of a novel man-portable Magnetic Scalar Triangulation and Ranging (STAR) technology. The new magnetic sensor system technology is being developed with support from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) to provide an easily deployable magnetic sensor system for real-time, point-by-point Detection, Localization and Classification (DLC) of magnetic targets such as Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) and buried mines. The STAR technology is based on a multi tensor gradiometer approach that uses magnetic gradient tensor magnitudes, i.e., "gradient- contraction-type" parameters to perform DLC of magnetic targets. The magnetic STAR sensor uses the scalar functions to triangulate a magnetic UXO-type target's position vector and to calculate the target's magnetic signature vector. The vector components of an object's magnetic signature provide a basis for real time classification of its type, i.e. UXO-like or not. In order to provide proof of principle of the STAR concept and demonstrate its advantages for high mobility magnetic sensing applications, we designed, constructed and field-tested a prototype man-portable STAR Gradiometer. The portable gradiometer's hardware and software are completely self- contained and provide a practical and user friendly capability for real time DLC of magnetic targets. Target DLC parameters: e.g., range, bearing, elevation and magnetic signature are correlated with Global Positioning System time and position data and displayed in near real time (total delay < 3 seconds) on a heads-up display that clips onto the operator's safety glasses. Interactive software controls data acquisition, performs signal processing to remove residual motion noise effects and runs the STAR Algorithm to generate and display the target's DLC parameters. Field tests have demonstrated proof-of-principle of the STAR concept and conclusively demonstrated that the technology has unique advantages for DLC by highly mobile sensing platforms. While being carried and operated by a single individual, the portable sensor has demonstrated very robust, motion noise resistant performance even while undergoing rotational motion of more than 40 degrees per second. The field test results very strongly indicate that the man-portable STAR technology can provide a wide variety of highly maneuverable sensing platforms (including Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) with uniquely effective, motion-noise-resistant magnetic sensing modalities for DLC of magnetic targets such as UXO and underwater mines.
Clustering analysis of subjective partitions of text

Although clustering analysis is a promising methodology for studying the perceived structure of text there are practical problems in adapting existing techniques to the special requirements of text research. The purpose of the present study is to develop a clustering methodology for text that will make large‐scale clustering analyses feasible, To this end, several sources of text proximity data are compared and the properties of a natural measure of structural relatedness are examined. As a result, a highly efficient single‐linkage clustering algorithm is formulated. The algorithm is then applied to segmentation data from a long passage on biological classification. Subsolutions for several sections of the passage are presented.
A Finite-Element Singular-Perturbation Technique for Convection-Diffusion Problems—Part 1: The One-Dimensional Case

Approximation procedures for the solution of convection-diffusion equations, occurring in various physical problems, are considered. Several finite-element algorithms based on singular-perturbation methods are proposed for the solution of these equations. A method of variational matched asymptotic expansions is employed to develop shape functions which are particularly useful when convection effects dominate diffusion effects in these problems. When these shape functions are used, in conjunction with the standard Galerkin method, to solve convection-diffusion equations, increased solution accuracy is obtained. Numerical results for various one-dimensional problems are presented to establish the workability of the developed methods.
Age and Growth of Prince of Wales, Alaska, Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma (Walbaum), and Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

(1967). Age and Growth of Prince of Wales, Alaska, Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma (Walbaum), and Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society: Vol. 96, No. 2, pp. 223-224.
Compensation of Industrial Manipulator Dynamics

Experimental evaluations have demonstrated the effect of dynamic compensation on the trajectory tracking accuracy of industrial manipulators. High gear ratios reduce the compu tational complexity o...
Bilateral hypothenar hammer syndrome: an unusual and preventable cause of digital ischemia.

Abstract Unilateral ischemia of hand digits is usually caused by thoracic outlet obstruction, arterial emboli from a cardiac source, or atheroscierosis. The case of a metal press worker with unilateral ischemia due to hypothenar hammer syndrome, a condition caused by the repetitive use of the hypothenar eminence as a hammer with resultant damage to the ulnar artery, is described. Most such patients present with unilateral ischemia in the ulnar artery distribution of the dominant hand. This patient had used both hands repeatedly to pound the edges of large steel plates and presented with nondominant-hand ischemia, but was found to have the syndrome bilaterally by angiography. The distinctive features of this syndrome, a preventable and treatable cause of digital ischemia, are emphasized.
Atlantic City and the Boardwalk: 1932–1976

The feeling of congeniality at the Atlantic City meetings of the AAP and the ASCI was reinforced by a variety of social features. The graciousness and extensive public spaces of the meeting’s official hotel, Chalfonte-Haddon Hall — the comfortable lounges, meandering lobby, shielded sun porch — provided ample opportunity for small gatherings, unexpected reunions, and private exchanges. Various rituals reinforced the feelings of festive reunion: the Surf’n Sand Bar, Brighton Punch, the late lobster dinner at Hackney’s (Figure ​(Figure1)1) all contributed to a feeling of community and warmth. Figure 1 A group of diners at Hackney’s Restaurant in Atlantic City, 1959. From 1932 until 1976, the societies met only in Atlantic City. It should be remembered that during this interval, regional meetings were few and specialty meetings virtually nonexistent. As a consequence, the finest research was presented here to a relatively small group of academic scholars. Presentation at the Congress Hall on the Steel Pier was the ultimate goal of budding investigators no less than exalted professors. The core of medicine was reasonably accessible to nearly everyone, since high technology, conceptual as well as technical, did not yet dominate the medical disciplines. It was a thrill to present a paper to a select, high-level audience, among whom were many hallowed figures in academic medicine. The Atlantic City meetings nurtured the finest medical research embraced by a rich climate of academic collegiality. Maybe the science is much better now — more sophisticated, more reductive, with far greater explanatory power. Maybe the central focus on physiologic derangements yielded less profound insight into normal and deranged function than the genetic and molecular biology of today. Maybe the huge teams of investigators, bringing together diverse disciplines, are far more powerful than the more solitary system of the past. Maybe the medical manager is the more appropriate leader than the medical scholar. But something has been sacrificed. The central core of medicine has become gravely weakened; the warmth of academic life has to some extent been replaced by impersonality and distance. And specialty meetings command the major scientific advances. It would be foolish not to recognize the tremendous power of modern medical science. Everyone must surely acknowledge the enormous advance that is the product of specialization, technology, and conceptual analysis. But still, the attractiveness of the Atlantic City meetings — the qualities of shared knowledge, common goals, and warm friendships, reinforced by a congenial and familiar environment — constitute profound human values. The new biology may well be our ultimate medical triumph. But it would be nice to imagine how rich life would be if a little of the Boardwalk could be injected into the modern academic world.
The Development of Newborn Resuscitation in Europe and North America from the 18th to Early 20th Centuries ♦ 676

The Development of Newborn Resuscitation in Europe and North America from the 18th to Early 20th Centuries ♦ 676
Chronic alcohol intoxication attenuates human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoprotein 120-induced superoxide anion release by isolated Kupffer cells.

This work tests the hypothesis that chronic alcohol intoxication suppresses the microbicidal activity of Kupffer cells by modulating the expression of cell surface receptors associated with respiratory burst and the release of potent microbicidal agents [i.e., reactive oxygen species (ROS)]. Because alcohol is also a potential risk factor in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection, this study examines the effect of HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 (gp120)-induced ROS release by isolated Kupffer cells. After 16 weeks of ethanol feeding, Kupffer cells from male Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and assayed for HIV-1 gp120-induced superoxide release. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-HIV-1 gp120 binding, NADPH oxidase, and protein kinase C activity in Kupffer cells were measured. Results show that HIV-1 gp120 induced the release of superoxide anion in a dose-dependent manner in normal rats. Mannosylated-bovine serum albumin inhibited FITC-HIV-1 gp120-mediated superoxide release in normal Kupffer cells by 85%. Moreover, 83 ± 6% of Kupffer cells were FITC-HIV 1 gp120-positive, whereas <30% were CD4-positive. In alcohol-fed rats, HIV-1 gp120-induced ROS release was reduced by 70% and FITC-HIV-1 gp120 binding (in terms of fluorescence intensity per 10 6 Kupffer cells) by 44% in Kupffer cells, without any change in percent positive cells for this ligand. Concomitantly, HIV-1 gp120-induced translocation of NADPH oxidase to the plasma membranes of Kupffer cells in alcohol-fed rats was suppressed by 60%. In contrast, alcohol consumption significantly increased total protein kinase C activity and phorbol ester-induced superoxide release by Kupffer cells. These studies demonstrate that Kupffer cells are likely targets of HIV-1 whose binding sites on macrophages could also include mannose-specific receptors. These observations further suggest that suppression of HIV-1 gp120-mediated ROS production in chronic alcoholics is due to altered cell surface receptor expression for gp120, and defective postreceptor signaling mechanisms, which in turn could lead to attenuated microbicidal activity of hepatic macrophages.
Recent representation results for linear system maps: A short survey

We give an expression for the most general input–output map associated with the members of a certain important large family of multidimensional linear shift-invariant systems with bounded Lebesgue-measurable inputs. The expression given is an iterated function-space limit of a convolution. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition under which the limit can be written as a convolution with an integrable impulse–response function. A key role is played by a certain family of weighting operators. It is observed that for the large family of inputs and maps addressed, the Dirac impulse–response concept is in fact not the key concept concerning the representation of H, and that instead the input–output properties of H are determined, in general, by a certain type of family of responses. Some related material concerning other results, engineering education, and discrete-space systems, is also given. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequential Electrostatic Interactions between E160 in S2 and Arginines in S4 During Voltage Dependent Activation of Kv7.1 Channels

The fourth transmembrane segment of Kv channels, S4, contains a series of positively charged residues that imparts voltage sensitivity to the channel. Because the insertion of a highly charged peptide into a hydrophobic lipid environment is energetically unfavorable, electrostatic interactions with countercharges in the protein and phospholipids are required to lower this energy barrier. However, once the protein has been inserted into the membrane, what further role do these interactions play? In functional channels, electrostatic interactions are assumed to stabilize voltage sensor movement from a resting to an activated conformation. Although this assumption is at the crux of many models of voltage dependent gating, experimental evidence specifically examining these interactions in functional channels is incomplete. Here, we demonstrate in Kv7.1 channels that the first glutamate in S2, E160 (E1), form state dependent electrostatic interactions with arginines in S4. We used charged MTS reagents to directly probe the environment around E1 after mutating E1 to cysteine. We found that MTSES- but not MTSET+ modifies E1C, suggesting a positively charged environment around E1. Mutations neutralizing or reversing the charge of the first or fourth arginine in S4 (R1 or R4) change the polarity of the environment around E1C such that MTSET+ modifies E1C in the presence of these secondary mutations. Therefore, R1 and R4 both contribute to the positive electrostatic environment around E1. Moreover, MTSET+ modification of E1C with R1E could only occur at hyperpolarizing voltages but not at depolarizing voltages, suggesting that R1 is proximal to E1 only at the resting state but moves distally at the activated state. Overall, our data is consistent with a mechanism where arginines interact sequentially with E1 as S4 moves from a resting to an activated conformation.
Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic studies of non-ionic surfactants and related solutes

Abstract Homologous series of alkyl ester, ether and amide polyoxyethylene non-ionic surfactants have been synthesized and their retention properties have been studied under reversed-phase conditions. In addition, methylene group selectivities have been determined for the three types of surfactants as well as for a homologous series of ethyl esters of alkanoic acids. In the composition range studied for a given mobile phase, methylene selectivity was nearly independent of the head group of the surfactants. This supports the idea that the retention mechanism is governed by hydrophobic interactions between the alkyl tail of the surfactant and the bonded stationary phase.
Mechanical loading of diaphyseal bone in vivo: the strain threshold for an osteogenic response varies with location.

Bone tissue responds to elevated mechanical loading with increased bone formation, which is triggered either directly or indirectly by the mechanical strain engendered in the bone tissue. Previous studies have shown that mechanical strain magnitude must surpass a threshold before bone formation is initiated. The objective of this study was to estimate the strain thresholds at three different locations along the ulna of adult rats. We hypothesized that the strain threshold would be greater in regions of the ulna habitually subjected to larger mechanical strains. New bone formation was measured on the periosteal and endocortical surfaces of the ulnar diaphysis in adult female rats exposed to controlled dynamic loading. Axial, compressive loading was applied daily at five different magnitudes for a period of 2 weeks. Bone formation rate (BFR) was measured, using double-label histomorphometry at the ulnar middiaphysis and at locations 3 mm proximal and 3 mm distal to the middiaphysis. Loading induced lamellar bone formation on the periosteal surface that was greater at the distal ulnar location and lower at the proximal location when compared with the middiaphysis. Likewise, peak strains on the periosteal surface were greatest distally and less proximally. There was a significant dose-response relationship between peak strain magnitude and periosteal new bone formation when the mechanically induced strain surpassed a threshold. The strain threshold varied from 1343 microstrain (μstrain) proximally to 2284 μstrain at the midshaft to 3074 μstrain distally. Unlike the periosteal response to mechanical loading, there was not a clear dose-response relationship between applied load and bone formation on the endocortical surface. Endocortical strains were estimated to be <20% of periosteal strains and may not have been sufficient to initiate a bone formation response. Our results show that the osteogenic response on the periosteal surface of the ulna depends on peak strain level once a strain threshold is surpassed. The threshold strain is largest distally, where locomotor bone strains are typically higher and smallest proximally where locomotor bone strains are lower.
On Optimal Fixed Point Linear Smoothing

ABSTRACT The algorithm for optimal fixed point data smoothing for continuous linear systems is developed by solving the appropriate Wiener-Hopf matrix integral equation. Two formulations are given for generating the optimal smoothing filter gain matrix. It is found that one of the formulations is preferable for computations since it avoids inversion of a matrix that may be ill-conditioned, a feature inherent in the other formulation. Three equivalent expressions are derived for the determination of the smoothing error covariance matrix. The results substantiate and extend those obtained previously for the same problem via another method.
Predicting performance in planning school: an assessment of credentials with consideration of gender, race, and national origin

Developing the best professional talent is critical to the success of planning. Graduate school admissions procedures often rely heavily on prior grade point averages and standardized test scores to determine who is allowed to study toward planning degrees. The efficacy of these credentials in predicting graduate school performance is examined. Findings suggest that over-reliance on quantitative credentials may not be effectively identifying those who are most likely to graduate.
Adolphe Quetelet (1796–1874)—the average man and indices of obesity

The quest for a practical index of relative body weight that began shortly after actuaries reported the increased mortality of their overweight policyholders culminated after World War II, when the relationship between weight and cardiovascular disease became the subject of epidemiological studies. It became evident then that the best index was the ratio of the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters, or the Quetelet Index described in 1832. Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874) was a Belgian mathematician, astronomer and statistician, who developed a passionate interest in probability calculus that he applied to study human physical characteristics and social aptitudes. His pioneering cross-sectional studies of human growth led him to conclude that other than the spurts of growth after birth and during puberty, 'the weight increases as the square of the height', known as the Quetelet Index until it was termed the Body Mass Index in 1972 by Ancel Keys (1904-2004). For his application of comparative statistics to social conditions and moral issues, Quetelet is considered a founder of the social sciences. His principal work, 'A Treatise of Man and the development of his faculties' published in 1835 is considered 'one of the greatest books of the 19th century'. A tireless promoter of statistical data collection based on standard methods and definitions, Quetelet organized in 1853 the first International Statistical Congress, which launched the development of 'a uniform nomenclature of the causes of death applicable to all countries', progenitor of the current International Classification of Diseases.
Safeguarding patient privacy in electronic healthcare in the USA: the legal view

The conflict between the sweeping power of technology to access and assemble personal information and the ongoing concern about our privacy and security is ever increasing. While we gradually need higher electronic access to medical information, issues relating to patient privacy and reducing vulnerability to security breaches surmount. In this paper, we take a legal perspective and examine the existing patchwork of laws and obligations governing health information in the USA. The study finds that as Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) increase in scope and dissemination, privacy protections gradually decrease due to the shortcomings in the legal system. The contributions of this paper are (1) an overview of the legal EMR issues in the USA, and (2) the identification of the unresolved legal issues and how these will escalate when health information is transmitted over wireless networks. More specifically, the paper discusses federal and state government regulations such as the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and judicial intervention. Based on the legal overview, the unresolved challenges are identified and suggestions for future research are included.
United Network for Organ Sharing regional variations in appeal denial rates with non‐standard Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease/Pediatric End‐Stage Liver Disease exceptions: support for a national review board

Although it has been generally recognized that there are inconsistencies among Regional Review Boards in the assignment of points for model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)/pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) exception patients with resulting considerable variation in appeal denial rates, data to actually prove this have been limited. We reviewed 6533 MELD/PELD exception applications submitted between 2005 and 2008, calculated the variation in approval/denial rates, and followed these cases through mid-2013 to assess the effects on patient outcomes. We found highly significant regional variations in denial rates for appeals by exception patients and in transplantation rates. The odds of transplant for patients whose appeals are approved is 2.45 times that of patients not approved; that this effect does not vary by region suggests that the variation in transplant rates is driven, at least in part, by the variation in appeal denial rates. Health deterioration or death accounts for more than two-thirds of wait list removals among patients removed for reasons other than transplant. Our findings add to the weight of evidence that a national review board that uses current clinical expertise, peer review literature, and data to consistently assign priority could reduce regional inequities and move toward equitable allocation of organs and compliance with the United States Department of Health & Human Services Final Rule.
The Somatomedin C Binding Protein: Evidence for a Heterologous Subunit Structure*

The binding of somatomedin C to serum proteins was investigated using Sephadex G-200 chromatography at pH 7.40. Under these conditions, immunoreactive somatomedin C in whole serum has a Stokes' radius of 43 A (Kd = 0.25). After ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE Sephadex chromatography, three protein peaks were obtained. The second peak contained the majority of the immunoreactive somatomedin C, but the somatomedin in this fraction has Stokes' radii of 36 and 14 A (Kd = 0.35 and 0.75, respectively). Recombining this fraction with the DEAE Sephadex peak 3 fraction resulted in the reappearance of the 43 A (Kd = 0.25) species. Chromatography of the 43 A somatomedin C species on Sephadex G-50 in 0.1 M acetic acid-0.15 M NaCl dissociated somatomedin C from its binding protein. The binding protein was recovered in the void volume fractions of the G-50 column. This acid-treated binding protein had a Stokes' radius of 36 A (Kd = 0.35), as determined by the binding of [l25I]somatomedin C at pH 7.40. When the ...
Resolution of the fluorescence decay of the two tryptophan residues of lac repressor using single tryptophan mutants

We have studied the time-resolved intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the lac repressor (a symmetric tetramer containing two tryptophan residues per monomer) and two single-tryptophan mutant repressors obtained by site-directed mutagenesis, lac W201Y and lac W220Y. These mutant repressor proteins have tyrosine substituted for tryptophan at positions 201 and 220, respectively, leaving a single tryptophan residue per monomeric subunit at position 220 for the W201Y mutant and at position 201 in the W220Y mutant. It was found that the two decay rates recovered from the analysis of the wild type data do not correspond to the rates recovered from the analysis of the decays of the mutant proteins. Each of these residues in the mutant repressors displays at least two decay rates. Global analysis of the multiwavelength data from all three proteins, however, yielded results consistent with the fluorescence decay of the wild type lac repressor corresponding simply to the weighted linear combination of the decays from the mutant proteins. The effect of ligation by the antagonistic ligands, inducer and operator DNA, was similar for all three proteins. The binding of the inducer sugar resulted in a quenching of the long-lived species, while binding by the operator decreased the lifetime of the short components. Investigation of the time-resolved anisotropy of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence in these three proteins revealed that the depolarization of fluorescence resulted from a fast motion and the global tumbling of the macromolecule. Results from the simultaneous global analysis of the frequency domain data sets from the three proteins revealed anisotropic rotations for the macromolecule, consistent with the known elongated shape of the repressor tetramer. In addition, it appears that the excited-state dipole of tryptophan 220 is alighed with the long axis of the repressor.
Interferon production following NO2 exposure

Studies were undertaken to assess the effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on interferon (IFN) production in mice. Mice were exposed to either 5.0 ppm for 7 days or 25 ppm for 3 days followed by an i.p. injection with the IFN inducer, polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (poly I:C). Sera and organ homogenates made from spleens and lungs were assayed for IFN. There were no significant differences in IFN levels between control and NO2 exposed mice. This was also true for isolated spleen cells from mice that were exposed in vitro to poly I:C. Under the conditions employed, it can be concluded that NO2 did not alter IFN production.
VALUE AND INTELLIGENT COLLEGIATE DEPRESSION

: Philosophy teachers converse with troubled students who suffer from what I dub “intelligent collegiate depression” (ICD): a lack of self-esteem, feelings of futility and pessimism about their futures, a distrust of academic values, and a lack of conviction that their lives matter. Students express their values and their resignation with what approaches conventional wisdom for them: They must be allowed to act as they wish so long as they do not hurt anyone; otherwise it does not matter what they do with their lives. I argue here that students' endorsement of this near-nihilistic version of Mill's harm principle shows that they are committed to believing in more values than they realize. I then show how to parlay this commitment into a rejection of the worst effects of ICD—all the while holding in abeyance the question of metaethical objectivism vs. subjectivism. My approach shows that accepting a popular ICD premise logically undermines much of the unhappy ICD worldview.
Mechanism of ArF Laser induced Photolytic Deposition of W From WF6 on Etched Si and Unetched Si

A comparative study of arF- and KrF-laser deposition of amorphous diamond-like carbon (DLC) films and relevant carbon plasmas has been performed. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and EELS analysis of the DLC films deposited on Si and NaCl substrates were utilized to characterize the high quality arF- and KrF-laser deposited films (up to 84% of sp3 bonded carbon in 7 J/cm2 -ArF-laser DLC film). Gated ICCD imaging, luminescence and ion current probe diagnostics of the carbon plume have revealed quite different properties of carbon plasmas generated by arF- and KrF- lasers. KrF-laser (6.7 J/cm2) irradiation produces a less energetic carbon plasma containing larger amounts of C2 and probably larger clusters compared with arF-laser irradiation at the same energy fluence. We conclude that the more energetic and highly-atomized arF-laser carbon plasma results in the better diamond-like properties.
The Gd-Yb and Lu-Yb phase systems

The Gd-Yb and Lu-Yb phase systems were established by thermal analysis, X-ray diffrac-tion, metallography, electron microprobe and chemical analyses. The solubility of Yb in α-Gd ranges from 6.5 at. pct at 500°C to 19.0 at. pct at 1161°C. The addition of Yb to Gd lowers theβ (bec) to α (hcp) transformation temperature to an inverse peritectic reaction at 20.0 at. pct Yb and 1161°C. The addition of Yb to Gd lowers the melting point of Gd to a monotectic horizontal at 1183°C which extends from 21.0 to 71.0 at. pct Yb. The monotec-tic composition is 49.0 at. pct Yb. The solid solubility of Gd in Yb ranges from 0.2 at. pct at 500°C to 2.3 at. pct at 819°C. The melting point of Yb is raised from 816°C to 819°C by the addition of Gd while the γ (bee) toβ (fee) transformation temperature of Yb is lowered from 796°C to 780°C by the addition of Gd. The solubility of Yb in solid Lu ranges from 6.0 at. pct at 800°C to 15 at. pct at 1530°C. The addition of Yb to Lu lowers the melting point of Lu to a monotectic horizontal at 1530°C which extends from 15 to 90 at. pct Yb. The monotectic composition is approximately 30 at. pct Yb. The solid solubility of Lu in Yb ranges from less than 0.1 at. pct at 500°C to 0.3 at. pct at 817°C. The addition of Lu raises the melting point of Yb to 817°C and also raises theβ (fee) to y (bec) transformation temperature to 798°C.
Jacobson Radical Isomorphism Theorems for Mixed Modules Part One: Determining the Torsion

Let R be a complete discrete valuation domain. A class of R-modules satisfies an isomorphism theorem if modules in that class are determined by their endomorphism rings. Do there exist classes of mixed R-modules for which the Jacobson radical of the endomorphism ring determines the structure of the modules? As a first step in answering this question, this article shows that there are two classes of mixed R-modules for which the Jacobson radical of the endomorphism ring determines the structure of the maximal torsion submodules of modules in that class.
The separation of fatty acids.

Le probleme de la separation des acides gras est expose en detail. Les methodes physiques couramment appliquees a une macro- ou micro-echelle sont discutees et l'on donne des exemples tires de la litterature ou de methodes recemment utilisees dans les recherches. Celles-ci comprennent la cristallisation, la distillation fractionnee, la distribution par contre-courant, la chromatographie en phase gazeuse et la spectrographie de masse.
Pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis in experimental iron overload

Summary Significant increases in prolyl hydroxylase activity, a key enzyme in the collagen biosynthetic pathway, were noted in the hepatic homogenates of iron-loaded animals as compared to controls. The increase in prolyl hydroxylase activity was seen without any light microscopic histologic evidence of cell necrosis or accumulation of collagen in the livers from the iron-loaded animals. However, utilizing electron microscopy, collagen fibrils were demonstrated immediately adjacent to the hepatocytes in the iron-loaded animals but not the controls. No fibroblasts or inflammatory cells were noted in this area. There was no evidence of damage to the subcellular organelles of the iron-loaded hepatocytes. The hydroxy-proline content of the iron-loaded livers was also shown to be increased. These experimental studies in conjunction with clinical observations described below suggest that in vivo iron overload may have a primary effect on stimulating collagen synthesis by hepatocytes.
An improved empirical Bayes test for positive exponential families

We exhibit an empirical Bayes test δ* n for a decision problem using a linear error loss in a class of positive exponential families. This empirical Bayes test δ* n possesses the asymptotic optimality, and its associated regret converges to zero with rate n - 1 (In n) 6 . This rate of convergence improves the previous results in the literature in the sense that a faster rate of convergence is achieved under much weaker conditions. Examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the empirical Bayes test δ* n .
Peroxidase isoenzyme associated with theAegilops umbellulata chromosome segment transferred to chinese spring (Triticum aestivum)

Des essais par electrophorese a gel avaient revele dans les tissus de semis de 8 jours du Transfert (IC 13296) la presence d'une isoenzyme de peroxydase, Px-5c, qui ne se trouve pas chez la variete parente, «Chinese Spring». Il est suggere que cette isoenzyme basique de peroxydase supplementaire est le produit de renseignements genetiques transmis par le segment de chromosome de l'umbellulata.
FASTER REACTION TIME THROUGH FACILITATION OF NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONAL TRANSMISSION IN MUSCLES UNDER MAXIMAL STRETCH.

St~mmary.-Fifry male students were volunteers in an experiment in which it was postulated that maximal muscular stretch would significantly increase the reaction time of an extended limb. Results substantiated the hypothesis. It was conjecmred that the faster reaction time may be facilitated by the neuromuscular junctional transmission resulting from muscular stretch. Muscular stretch did not affect the movement time of the limb but had a negative influence upon the application of static strength. Relationships between "normal" (minimal stretch) and maximal stretch speeds with reaction time and static strength were found to be very low. Evidence from research concerned with investigation of the mechanics of voluntary muscle indicates that maximal tension is generated near or at a greater length than the rest-length of the mi~scle (Ralston, 1953). In a discussion of the central control of mammalian stretch-receptors, it has been explained that the discharge rate of muscle-spindle afferen ts appears to be contingent upon the degree of stretch tension exhibited by a small inuafusal muscle fiber within [he spindle. The gamma efferents are instrumental in enabling the spindle afferents to operate over the whole range of discharge rates for any length the muscle may be stretched, which results in a more effective accommodacion of varying loads and speeds of movement (Field, 1959). Ic has been found that the amplitude of the action potentials recorded from various skeletal muscles, in response to a maximal nerve volley, is considerably greater in the stretched than in the unscretched muscle. This effect may be explained by the assumption that not every muscle fiber necessarily responds to its motor nerve impulse in the unstretched muscle, but chat such fibers may respond in the stretched muscle (Ralston & Libet, 1953). Also, it has been demonstrated that maximal stimulation of the nerve of the frog's submentalis muscle, in situ or in isolation, causes a twitch in which not all muscle fibers contract. Such submaximal contrnccion is thought to be due to incomplete transmission ac the neuromuscular junctions. One of the methods by which transmission was intensified was by increasing the degree of stretch on the muscle. This augmented the size of the normal end-plate potentials (Kuffler, 1952). Investigators have shown that the effect of stretch on muscle action potentials, of the frog's sartorius response to supramaximal shocks, was exaggerated by partial curarization; small action potential responses appeared in stretched
Least squares metric, unidimensional unfolding

The partial derivatives of the squared error loss function for the metric unfolding problem have a unique geometry which can be exploited to produce unfolding methods with very desirable properties. This paper details a simple unidimensional unfolding method which uses the geometry of the partial derivatives to find conditional global minima; i.e., one set of points is held fixed and the global minimum is found for the other set. The two sets are then interchanged. The procedure is very robust. It converges to a minimum very quickly from a random or non-random starting configuration and is particularly useful for the analysis of large data sets with missing entries.
Deployment of a cable-supported payload from an orbiting spacecraft

This paper deals with a passive procedure for bringing a payload connected to an orbiting spacecraft by a cable into a permanent locally vertical position. The procedure consists of placing the cable (except for its endpoints) outside of the spacecraft and then ejecting the payload, which thereupon performs a f reef light until the cable becomes taut, at which time the motion is altered drastically and a new freeflight begins. Impacts and freeflights thereafter occur alternately until the cable becomes permanently taut, which marks the beginning of the final deployment phase, during which the payload, acting like a damped spherical pendulum, settles into a locally vertical equilibrium position. An algorithm for simulating the entire deployment sequence is developed, and an illustrative example indicates that the proposed scheme enables one to bring a payload attached with a 100-m-long cable to a spacecraft in a 90-min orbit into a vertically downward position in less than 78 min.
Recovery from hematopoietic injury by modulating prostaglandin E2 signaling post-irradiation

While high dose total body irradiation (TBI) is used therapeutically, the proliferation of nuclear weapons, increasing use of nuclear power, and worldwide radical terrorism underscore the need to develop countermeasures to a radiological mass casualty event. The hematopoietic syndrome of the acute radiation syndrome (HS-ARS) results from severe compromise to the hematopoietic system, including lymphocytopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and possible death from infection and/or hemorrhage. Given adequate time to recover, expand, and appropriately differentiate, bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and progenitor cells (HPC) may overcome HS-ARS and restore homeostasis of the hematopoietic system. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has been shown to have pleiotropic effects on hematopoiesis, acting to inhibit apoptosis and promote self-renewal of HSC, while inhibiting HPC proliferation. We assessed the radio-mitigating potential of modulating PGE(2) signaling in a mouse model of HS-ARS. Treatment with the PGE(2) analog 16,16 dimethyl PGE(2) (dmPGE(2)) 6h post-irradiation or inhibition of PGE(2) synthesis via delayed administration of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Meloxicam resulted in increased survival of lethally irradiated mice. Both early dmPGE(2) and delayed Meloxicam treatment were associated with increased HPC activity 35days following irradiation, demonstrating enhanced recovery of hematopoiesis. Our results define two different treatment modalities that are highly effective and safe to administer, and can be readily available.
Genetic variation in soybean photosynthetic electron transport capacity is related to plastocyanin concentration in the chloroplast.

Fifteen ancestral genotypes of United States soybean cultivars were screened for differences in photosynthetic electron transport capacity using isolated thylakoid membranes. Plants were grown in controlled environment chambers under high or low irradiance conditions. Thylakoid membranes were isolated from mature leaves. Photosynthetic electron transport was assayed as uncoupled Hill activity using 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP). Soybean electron transport activity was dependent on genotype and growth irradiance and ranged from 6 to 91 mmol DCIP reduced [mol chlorophyll]−1 s−1. Soybean plastocyanin pool size ranged from 0.1 to 1.3 mol plastocyanin [mol Photosystem I]−1. In contrast, barley and spinach electron transport activities were 140 and 170 mmol DCIP reduced [mol chlorophyll]−1 s−1, respectively, with plastocyanin pool sizes of 3 to 4 mol plastocyanin [mol Photosystem I]−1. No significant differences in the concentrations of Photosystem II, plastoquinone, cytochrome b6f complexes, or Photosystem I were observed. Thus, genetic differences in electron transport activity were correlated with plastocyanin pool size. The results suggested that plastocyanin pool size can vary significantly and may limit photosynthetic electron transport capacity in certain species such as soybean. Soybean plastocyanin consisted of two isoforms with apparent molecular masses of 14 and 11 kDa, whereas barley and spinach plastocyanins each consisted of single polypeptides of 8 and 12 kDa, respectively.
On the Exceptional Set for Goldbach's Problem in Short Intervals

Assume the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis and suppose thatHlog−6x→t8. Then we prove that all even integers in any interval of the form (x, x, +H) butO(H1/2log3x) exceptions are a sum of two primes.
Problems in estimating dynamics from data

Abstract This paper discusses some difficulties in estimating dynamics from time-delay embeddings of experimental data that can be characterized as low-dimensional. A new procedure is described to reduce noise by exploiting the properties of saddle periodic orbits on the reconstructed attractor.
Ligand‐activated Flpe for temporally regulated gene modifications

The selectivity by which site-specific recombinase-mediated genetic changes can be targeted to specific cells in the mouse has been limited by the fact that many genes used as recombinase "drivers" are expressed either in cell populations that change over time or constitutively in a given cell population for an extended time period, for example, in a germinal zone that gives rise successively to different lineages. These scenarios limit the selective dimension of conditional gene modification experiments as they preclude studying the later-generated lineages either because of earlier phenotypes (in the case of conditional mutagenesis experiments) or because the early and permanent activation of a reporter in a germinal zone results in all descendant lineages being marked (in the case of fate-mapping experiments). To circumvent this limitation, inducible forms of Cre recombinase have been developed, enabling the induction of genetic changes in late embryonic or adult cells accessible only through late aspects of a dynamic driver gene expression profile. To increase the number of tools available for engineering genetic changes in selective cell populations, we have generated a ligand-regulated form of Flpe using the recombinase-steroid receptor fusion approach. In two prototypical scenarios, we show that the fused gene product, FlpeER(T2), is competent to mediate DNA recombination in vivo and responds specifically to the inducer tamoxifen in a dose-dependent manner without detectable background activity.
Automated radiofrequency electromagnetic interference testing of apnea monitors using an open area test site

Medical devices that electronically sense physiological functions may be affected by external radiofrequency (RF) radiation from sources such as television and radio stations. When RF disrupts normal device function, it is referred to as electromagnetic interference (EMI). The Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) has been testing infant apnea monitors for susceptibility to EMI. Laboratory testing and user site surveys were conducted that confirmed susceptibility to EMI in infant apnea monitors. The field strength value above which device performance was compromised will be referred to as the device's threshold. An automated procedure has now been developed which enables us to obtain threshold EMI field-strength versus frequency plots and identify EMI regions by frequency band In addition, precise measurements at an outdoor open area test site have found that the ≃300-cm (≃10-ft) patient leads, when fully extended, act as significant receivers of RF signals below 50 MHz. Thresholds, averaged over the 10–54 MHz frequency range, were 0.22 V/m with minimums reaching 0.05 V/m for four of the nine monitors tested when 100% amplitude modulation at 0.5 Hz was imposed on the RF carrier. In the FM band (88–108 MHz) the thresholds averaged 0.88 V/m, with one model reaching a minimum of 0.08 V/m. These results were similar to our earlier laboratory data which were taken with the patient and power supply leads not fully extended in the RF exposure Held, indicating that testing with full lead length exposures may not be necessary at higher frequencies.
Patient and Staff Views of Factors Influencing Assaults on Psychiatric Hospital Employees

This study compares the viewpoints of psychiatric hospital employees and patients as to situational and interactional factors that are related to patient assaults on staff. Sixty-nine patients from...
Impact of surgical staging in women with locally advanced cervical cancer.

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of surgical staging in the treatment and outcome of women with locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods. Ninety-eight women with locally advanced cervical cancer treated between 1993 and 1997 were retrospectively reviewed. Survival probabilities were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier product limit method and compared with the log-rank test. Results. Of the 98 women treated over the 5-year period, 86 were surgically staged: 61 by a retroperitoneal approach, 18 by laparoscopy, and 7 by laparotomy. Median blood loss was 120 cc and median length of hospitalization was 3 days. Preoperative CT scans ( n = 55), when compared with surgical findings, missed macroscopic nodal disease in 20% and microscopic disease in 15% and overcalled disease in 10% of cases. Lymph node metastases were found in 45/86 patients (52%): 12 microscopic and 33 macroscopic. The highest level of nodes found to be involved was pelvic in 23, common iliac nodes in 3, para-aortic nodes in 14, and scalene nodes in 5 cases. Of the 86 patients, 49 received pelvic radiation, 27 received extended field radiation, and 10 were identified for palliative treatment only (5 scalene node metastasis, 5 extensive intraperitoneal disease). For node-negative patients, 5-year survival was 74%; for microscopic nodal involvement it was 58%; and for macroscopic involvement it was 39% ( P = 0.007). Five-year survival for women with para-aortic node involvement was 52%. Number of nodes involved was a significant prognostic variable ( P = 0.008). Patients who received chemotherapy had a 5-year survival of 68% compared to 35% for those who did not ( P = 0.06). Factors which did not affect survival included age, histology, type of surgery, stage, and type of radiation (pelvic vs extended). Conclusion. Surgical staging of women with locally advanced cervical cancer can be performed with acceptable morbidity and it provided more accurate information than CT scans and resulted in a modification of the standard pelvic radiation field for 43% of our patients. The information obtained from surgical staging allows better individualization of therapy, which may improve overall clinical outcome.