cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Throwing the Book at Sentencing Appeals: Reasonableness and the Booker Decision

When the United States Supreme Court issued its decision in United States v. Booker, it did more than render what had been a mandatory federal sentencing guideline system into an 'advisory' system, it weakened the effort to police the district courts' sentencing practices and enforce the goal of avoiding sentencing disparities among federal sentences through the machinery of sentencing appeals. Prior to the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, appellate review of federal sentences was limited. Appellate courts did not review the exercise of the sentencing court's discretion except to entertain any challenge that the sentence fell outside the boundaries set by the pertinent statute. Booker replaced this detailed appellate review scheme with a single 'reasonableness' review of sentences. In light of this change, the courts will have to address what weight to give the guidelines under the new 'reasonableness' standard and whether appellate courts should give any presumption of reasonableness to a post-Booker sentence which falls within the now advisory guideline range. In examining these two questions, Part II describes the holdings and merits of Apprendi v. New Jersey, Blakely v. Washington, and Booker'? and how the cases are best understood as requiring juries to find facts that have a fixed and determinative effect on a sentence. Part III describes and reviews the Act's pre-Booker appellate review scheme and how appellate courts are presently coping with Booker's reasonableness standard. Part IV examines how the guidelines ought to figure into the new reasonableness standard of review in light of the Sentencing Cases.
Improving the Android development lifecycle with the VALERA record-and-replay approach

As smartphones become more and more popular, developers are switching their focus from traditional desktop programs to mobile apps. Recording and replaying the execution of mobile apps is useful in development tasks, from reproducing bugs to profiling and testing. However, achieving effective record-and-replay on mobile devices is a balancing act between accuracy and overhead. Prior record-and-replay approaches have focused on replaying low-level instructions, which impose significant overhead. We propose a novel, stream-oriented record-and-replay approach which achieves high-accuracy and low-overhead by aiming at a sweet spot: recording and replaying sensor and network input, event schedules, and inter-app communication via intents. To demonstrate the versatility of our approach, we have constructed a tool named that supports record-and-replay on the Android platform. Through an evaluation on 50 popular Android apps, we show that: 's replay fidelity far exceeds current record-and-replay approaches for Android; 's low-overhead allows it to replay high-throughput, timing-sensitive apps; With the ability to deterministically replay event schedule, can help to reproduce and verify event-driven races.
Effects of ovarian hormones on certain cytoplasmic reactions in the vaginal epithelium of the mouse.

SummaryThe amount and distribution of cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid, alkaline phosphatase and mucin was studied in the vaginal epithelium of ovariectomized mice and in castrates injected with estrogen and progesterone. In the untreated castrate the vaginal epithelium contains negligible quantities of all these cellular constituents. Injection of estrogen, and estrogen with progesterone concurrently, results in a marked increase in both phosphatase and ribonucleic acid. Mucification occurs only when the two hormones act simultaneously. Progesterone alone has no effect on any of the substances studied.
Effect of bacteria and their products on migration of leukocytes.

SummaryThe complex carbohydrate from S. typhosa, P. aeruginosa, and Serratia as well as a filtrate from N. intercellular is inhibited the migration of human leucocytes. The same effect was noted with whole bacteria of S. typhosa and P. aeruginosa. No inhibition was seen with M. aureus, D. pneumoniae Type III or with the polysaccharide of Type III.
MORPHOLOGY OF COASTAL BARRIERS, DELAWARE, U.S.A.

The Atlantic Coast of Delaware consists of four separate but continuous segments including (from north to south): (1) a northward-projecting spit complex (Cape Henlopen); (2) eroding Pleistocene headlands; (3) a linear coastal washover barrier; and (4) an area of migrating inlets with associated modern and relict ebb and flood tidal deltas. Coastal process studies show that continuing coastal erosion is accompanied by longshore transport of sand eroded from headlands, offshore transport to the nearshore marine area, and overwash processes transporting sand landward across the barrier. Studies of the adjacent nearshore marine area show that the barrier and its various geomorphic elements lay at the outer edge of the continental shelf approximately 12,000 years ago, and migrated landward and upward to the present position as the Holocene marine transgression continued. The sequence of coastal sediments of the barrier system consist of (landward to seaward) tidal marsh fringe, lagoonal muds and sands, barrier sands (including washover, dune, and beach deposits), and shallow nearshore sand and gravel. Drill-hole studies provide information on the subsurface configuration of the barrier from which the three-dimensional structure and stratigraphy of coastal sedimentary environmental lithosomes may be defined.
The Problem with Having Two Watches: Assessment of Fit When RMSEA and CFI Disagree

The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and the comparative fit index (CFI) are two widely applied indices to assess fit of structural equation models. Because these two indices are viewed positively by researchers, one might presume that their values would yield comparable qualitative assessments of model fit for any data set. When RMSEA and CFI offer different evaluations of model fit, we argue that researchers are likely to be confused and potentially make incorrect research conclusions. We derive the necessary as well as the sufficient conditions for inconsistent interpretations of these indices. We also study inconsistency in results for RMSEA and CFI at the sample level. Rather than indicating that the model is misspecified in a particular manner or that there are any flaws in the data, the two indices can disagree because (a) they evaluate, by design, the magnitude of the model's fit function value from different perspectives; (b) the cutoff values for these indices are arbitrary; and (c) the meaning of "good" fit and its relationship with fit indices are not well understood. In the context of inconsistent judgments of fit using RMSEA and CFI, we discuss the implications of using cutoff values to evaluate model fit in practice and to design SEM studies.
Determination of Cafteric Acid in Grape Juice Drink by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A method was proposed and validated for determination of cafteric acid in grape juice by ultra-performance liquid chromatography.The results showed that there was good linearity in the range of 0.50–50.00 μg/mL.The interbatch and intra-batch precision(RSD) were between 97.1% and 106.0%,and the accurate(RSD) was less than 4.1%.The recoveries of cafteric acid from spiked samples ranged from 101.8% to 109.0%.The described method was successfully used for determination of cafteric acid in commercial grape juice drinks.
Retroperitoneal aortoiliac reconstruction.

This article presents the techniques used for aortoiliac revascularization via the retroperitoneal approach. The techniques presented are aortobifemoral bypass grafting, aortoiliac endarterectomy, and unilateral iliac endarterectomy and bypass. The multiple advantages and versatility of the retroperitoneal approach are discussed along with current clinical outcomes.
Modeling Broad Context for Tone Recognition with Conditional Random Fields

We propose a tone recognition approach that employs linearchain Conditional Random Fields (CRF) to model tone variation due to intonation effects. We implement three linearchain CRFs which aim at modeling intonation effects at phrasesentence- and story-level boundaries, where we show that standard recognition techniques degrade and common normalization approaches do not improve. We show that all linear-chain CRFs outperform the baseline unigram model, and the biggest improvement is found in recognizing 3rd tones, (4%) in overall accuracy. In particular, Phrase Bigram CRFs show a drastic 39% improvement in recognizing 3rd tones located at initial boundaries. This improvement shows that the position specific modeling of initial tones in bigram CRFs captures the intonation effects better than the baseline unigram model. Index Terms: prosody, tone recognition, broad context, conditional random fields.
Unsupervised learning of name structure from coreference data

We present two methods for learning the structure of personal names from unlabeled data. The first simply uses a few implicit constraints governing this structure to gain a toehold on the problem --- e.g., descriptors come before first names, which come before middle names, etc. The second model also uses possible coreference information. We found that coreference constraints on names improve the performance of the model from 92.6% to 97.0%. We are interested in this problem in its own right, but also as a possible way to improve named entity recognition (by recognizing the structure of different kinds of names) and as a way to improve noun-phrase coreference determination.
Individual and Class Norms Differentially Predict Proactive and Reactive Aggression: A Functional Analysis.

Theory and research using a social-information processing framework indicate that reward-focused (proactive) aggression has different social consequences than defense-focused (reactive) aggression. Students use norms that identify expected and socially approved behaviors as guides to their own actions. Differences in social-cognitive processing characteristics and social status linked to each type of aggression may increase the relevance of some normative sources relative to others. This study fills a gap in the literature by examining the contributions of personal beliefs, classroom beliefs, and classroom rates of aggression to future proactive and reactive aggression. During fall and spring, we observed students’ aggression on school playgrounds using a random subsample (n = 254) of consented students from 35 classrooms (Grades 3–6). We calculated classroom rates of proactive and reactive aggression from fall observations. Classroom means for beliefs endorsing retaliation were calculated from surveys of 536 students. Results of multilevel analyses revealed, as hypothesized, that personal beliefs predicted high rates of students’ proactive aggression, but not reactive aggression. Classroom beliefs predicted high rates of students’ reactive but not proactive aggression. Students in classrooms with high rates of fall proactive aggression showed low spring rates of both types of aggression. In contrast, students in classrooms with high rates of fall reactive aggression displayed high spring rates of proactive and reactive aggression. The latter pattern may represent classrooms in which students continue to struggle against status inequities. The discussion examines how inequities may impact intervention efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Child Mental Health: Recent Developments with Respect to Risk, Resilience, and Interventions

The chapter focuses on risk and protective factors in children’s behavioral and emotional health. There is special emphasis on emerging research in the field of chronic stress, trauma, and poverty as especially powerful in influencing child development. Protective factors are reviewed including the role of family, schools, and community support in terms of resilience in dealing with these challenges. Next we discuss effective family and school-based intervention programs with special reference to early detection of at-risk youth as well as trauma-informed interventions in schools and residential care. In addition, broad-based school-based programs designed to incorporate social–emotional learning involving teacher training and classroom management are discussed. Finally, we review current promising prevention efforts as well as the role public policy may play in prevention and improved access to care.
Demonstrating the non-similarity in local holdups of spouted beds obtained by CT with scale-up methodology based on dimensionless groups

Abstract The common scale-up methodology for gas–solid spouted bed that has been reported in the literature is based on matching dimensionless groups. This methodology has been validated by measuring global hydrodynamic parameters and non-validated by limited point measurements of solids holdup and velocity. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to implement our advanced non-invasive gamma-ray computed tomography (CT) technique to assess and to demonstrate that the reported set of the dimensionless groups are not adequate in capturing all the interplay phenomena for achieving similarity in local solids and gas holdups cross-sectional distributions and their radial profiles along the bed height measured in 0.076 and 0.152 m spouted beds. The results clearly identified the three regions (spout, annulus and fountain) of gas–solid spouted beds and their solids structure. In addition, the reported results are valuable as a benchmarking data for CFD and DEM simulations.
An Analysis of the Meaning and Use of Student Learning Objectives

In new state teacher evaluation systems, Student Learning Objectives (SLOs) have emerged to satisfy requirements that teachers in non-tested subjects be evaluated by student growth measures (SGMs). Many of these systems conceive of SLOs as satisfying two distinct purposes: supporting instructional improvement and evaluating personnel. Based on data from a broader analysis of Race to the Top (RttT) state implementations, this chapter reviews initial design efforts, describes SLO implementations, and considers the roles SLOs should play as part of teacher evaluation systems. We argue that SLOs must be re-conceptualized as a measure of teacher practice, the tremendous variation in measure design needs to be closely scrutinized, and state administrators need to be conscious of the purpose for which they are using SLOs so that they may appropriately design valid teacher evaluation systems.
Using Automatic Case Generation to Enable Advanced Behaviors in Agents

Abstract GPME enhances the function of host agents by enabling them to develop and apply advanced behaviors. In this paper, we demonstrate the subset of GPME algorithms that are used to identify host behaviors from a time-series of perceptions about host observations and host actions.
Time-Dependent Current Density Functional Theory

The nonlocality of the exchange-correlation (xc) potential, i.e., the fact that the xc potential at a certain position depends on the global distribution of the particles in space, is the curse of density functional theory. It is mainly because of this fact that, even after years of intensive studies, the exact form of the xc potential as a functional of the density remains unknown. Nevertheless, it is true that many accurate and useful results can be obtained from the use of an approximation – the local density approximation (LDA) – which ignores the problem altogether.
Nutritional Interventions to Lower Cholesterol and Risk for Heart Disease in Children

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the USA despite improvement in mortality over several decades [1]. Studies such as the Bogalusa and Muscatine studies in the USA and the Cardiovascular Disease in Young Finns and Childhood Determinants of Adult Health (CDAH) internationally have demonstrated that the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease begins in childhood and progresses through adolescence and young adulthood to produce adverse outcomes later in life [2–5]. These studies also confirm that the traditional risk factors that have been a focus in adults are also important for children and adolescents. These risk factors include obesity, diabetes, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia and cigarette smoking.
Globalization and Inequality Revisited

This article summarizes the literature on inequality and economic development from Kuznets (1955) through the neo-classical labor-market-adjustment models and technology/education dialectics of the 1990s, and onward to the modern use of comprehensive, consistent data sets with global coverage to assess the interdependent and divergent experience of advanced, developing and transition economies in the age of globalization. Work based on the data sets developed by the University of Texas Inequality Project broadly validates Kuznets’ original view of the importance of inter-sectoral transitions, but with many distinct and new insights, as it becomes possible to track regional and transnational patterns, common global macroeconomic forces and, most recently, the critical role played by exchange rates in the evolution of inequality in open economies.
Exploring Managers' Accrual-Related Forecast Bias

In this study, we examine the effect of accrual-based earnings management on the association between managers’ earnings forecast errors and accruals, which we label “managers’ accrual-related forecast bias.” We build on extensive research which finds that managers engage in accrual-based earnings management to meet or beat earnings benchmarks and report smooth earnings series. We hypothesize that managers bias their subsequent-year forecasts in the direction of accruals management to increase market confidence in the managed earnings numbers. Consistent with our expectations, we find a positive association between managers’ earnings forecast errors and discretionary accruals, but no association between managers’ earnings forecast errors and nondiscretionary accruals. Furthermore, the association between managers’ earnings forecast errors and discretionary accruals is stronger when managers have limited ability to continue managing subsequent-year accruals to support the bias in their forecasts. We also find a substantial decline in managers’ accrual-related forecast bias following the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), which restricted managers’ use of accrual-based earnings management. More importantly, we find that the effect of forecasting difficulty on managers’ accrual-related forecast bias occurs only in the pre-SOX period. Overall, our results suggest that, contrary to claims in prior research, managers’ accrual-related forecast bias is not simply a product of forecasting difficulty related to accruals. Rather, at least in some cases, it appears to be intentional.
When things are sensors for cloud AI: Protecting privacy through data collection transparency in the age of digital assistants

The rapidly increasing number of intelligent, cloud-connected things that are embedded in our daily lives raises legitimate concerns about the privacy costs paid for the benefits these technologies provide. In this paper, we argue that this is a false choice, and motivate and describe a technology that enables citizens to effectively and conveniently monitor data collected about them. Our overarching goal is to expand awareness of the need to move from the current state of consumer ignorance or apprehensive trust to an era of data collection transparency (DCT), where consumers understand the data that is collected about them and make informed decisions based on that understanding. We show that DCT can be achieved with a suite of technologies built around recent developments in secure elements, as well as a virtual token methodology with public keys using addressable cryptographic tables.
Functional traits of expanding, thicket-forming shrubs: contrasting strategies between exotic and native species

Woody expansion has been documented for decades in many different systems globally, often yielding vast changes in ecosystem functioning. While causes and consequences of woody expansion have been well documented, few studies have addressed plant functional traits that promote dramatic and rapid expansion in range. Our objectives were to investigate plant functional traits that contribute to the colonization, rapid expansion, and thicket formation of an invasive, N-fixing shrub, Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (Elaeagnaceae), and a native, N-fixing shrub Morella cerifera (L.) Small (Myricaceae) and compare to native, sympatric, non-expanding shrub species. Quantified functional traits included morphological (e.g., specific leaf area, leaf area) and physiological characteristics (e.g., electron transport rate, hydraulic conductivity) and were linked to two primary resources: light and water, which directly influence plant growth. Elaeagnus umbellata and M. cerifera rely on different strategies to maximize carbon gain, yet resulting physiological efficiency is similar. Elaeagnus umbellata invests a substantial amount of energy into growth during a short amount of time (i.e., deciduous growing season), using an acquisitive trait strategy to outcompete co-occurring woody species, while M. cerifera is productive year-round and uses a combination of conservative and acquisitive traits to outcompete co-occurring woody species. The majority of quantified functional traits of E. umbellata and several of M. cerifera are indicative of efficient light capture, utilization, and internal water movement. These factors contribute to rapid range expansion and thicket formation by promoting enhanced productivity while simultaneously inhibiting colonization and expansion of co-occurring species. Suites of functional traits are important for expansive success and thicket formation, yet differences in functional traits represent alternative strategies for colonization, rapid expansion, and thicketization.
Precompetitive cooperative research: the culture of the '90s

In the current worldwide technology environment, it is essential for the U.S. microelectronics industry. and especially for the integrated circuit portion of that industry, that precompeutive cooperative research alliances be formed and funded at a level that emables them to be effective in rapidly advancing technology. It is important to realize that technology advances with or without our direct participation. If we do not aggressively participate we are quickly left behind. Increasing complexity and miniaturization have been the themes in semiconductor technology. Many are aware that what began in the early 60's with a few masking steps and minimum dimensions measured in mils. has now evolved to a level of sophistication requiring a 100 MW workstation for IC design and the investment of nearly S400 million dollars in fab cost to produce today's microchips. The leading nations of the world have come to realize that their future well-being is closely tied to their ability to compete in this hi-tech environment. Industry coalitions have been formed to exploit the early ramifications of emeging technologies. Improvements in overseas manufacturing have been made and continue unabated with new producLs, new processes, and new services being introduced at an increasing rate. Many foreign governments are now actively involved in formulating and conducting industrial and technology policies to aid their hi-tech industry. To meet these challenges, U.S. firms, with U. S. government cooperation, must respond.
Psychiatric Disorders, Antiretroviral Medication Adherence and Viremia in a Cohort of Perinatally HIV-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults.

Background:Perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) adolescents and young adults (AYA) are at risk for suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and mental health and substance use problems that, in HIV-infected adults, predict nonadherence. Studies on the relationship between psychiatric and substa
Inverse method of identification for three-dimensional subsurface cracks in a half-space

A procedure is presented which is well suited for three-dimensional subsurface crack identification in a half-space through the inversion of measured surface displacements. The investigation began with the linear, forward problem of generating contour maps of surface deformation produced by a fracture of known geometry and loading which is embedded in a finite medium. The fundamental solutions for tensile and shear multipoles in a half-space provided an efficient mathematical representation of the three-dimensional fracture. The inverse problem of crack identification centers on the development of a hybrid of the Marquardt–Levenberg algorithm. Initial guesses for the constrained set of search variables were determined heuristically from the correspondences between crack geometry and loading and the resulting uplift at the free surface. Physical measurements of surface deformation were taken for a cube of transparent acrylic polyester in which a fracture was hydraulically pressurized. Displacements induced at the surface of the specimen, which were measured by laser interferometry, had a strong correlation with predictions of the computational model (coupled with a finite element discretization). Numerical tests demonstrate the robustness of the inverse methodology even in the presence of the random and systematic errors corresponding to the experimental interferometric measurements.
Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Abstract Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) has specific diagnostic criteria which set it apart from many pain syndromes. Thus CRPS patients can be studied to evaluate the efficacy of various interventions. Neurostimulation is an intervention that has been studied extensively in a variety of pain syndromes, demonstrating both safety and efficacy. This chapter provides a perspective on CRPS and gives a detailed description of the efficacy of neurostimulation for this syndrome. Since the publication of the last edition of this book, the only set of validated diagnostic criteria has been published. This has led to greater public awareness of CRPS and the development of more aggressive treatment for the syndrome. There is now approval for neurostimulation treatment specifically to address the problem of CRPS. With the above as a backdrop, this chapter reviews the literature evaluating the use of neurostimulation to treat CRPS and the novel therapies that have emerged during the last decade.
Mastitis Pathogens | Environmental Pathogens

Current mastitis control programs are based on milking time hygiene, antibiotic therapy during lactation and at drying off, and culling of chronically infected cows. Application of these measures has led to considerable progress in controlling contagious mastitis pathogens. However, these mastitis control procedures are less effective against environmental mastitis pathogens. Studies have shown that as the prevalence of contagious mastitis pathogens was reduced, the proportion of intramammary infections caused by environmental pathogens increased markedly. Therefore, it is not surprising that environmental mastitis has become a major problem in many well-managed dairy farms. In these herds, environmental mastitis pathogens account for a significant proportion of subclinical and clinical mastitis in both lactating and nonlactating cows. The most frequently isolated environmental pathogens are several species of streptococci collectively referred to as environmental streptococci, and Gram-negative bacteria. Among the environmental streptococci, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae appear to be the most prevalent, infecting mammary glands as favorable conditions arise. The most common Gram-negative pathogens isolated are Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter, which form a subgroup of Gram-negative organisms termed coliforms. The purpose of this article is to summarize what is known on the etiology, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of environmental mastitis pathogens.
Additional notes on South American Carex sect. Schiedeanae (Cyperaceae) and description of the new species Carex pachamamae

The revision of additional materials from MICH, MO, NY and US herbaria revealed interesting findings in Carex sect. Schiedeanae in South America. Carex pachamamae , a distinctive species from northern and central Bolivia is newly described and illustrated. The new species closely resembles C. subandrogyna , from southern Bolivia and northern Argentina, but it is distinguished from it by its leaves (pale bluish-green, subcoriaceous, usually with no lateral veins more prominent than the others adaxially, in C. pachamamae , vs. dark-green, herbaceous, with two conspicuously raised whitish lateral veins on the adaxial side more prominent than the rest in in C. subandrogyna ) and utricle morphology (pale whitish-green, with the sides concave in C. pachamamae , vs. green to brownish below, with the sides convex in C. subandrogyna ). Also, the first modern collections of C. lepida are presented, including the first reports of the species for Bolivia and Colombia, which implies a considerable expansion of the area of the taxon.
Homosexuality in Women: Considerations for Evangelical Missionary Recruitment, Missions Administration, and Clinical Intervention:

Evangelical mission organizations are dealing increasingly with in-service female missionaries or with female missionary applicants who present with a variety of homosexual experiences and orientat...
You can do that?!: Feasibility of virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD due to military sexual trauma.

This initial feasibility study examined the use of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE) in the treatment of MST-related PTSD, with newly developed content tailored to MST. Participants included 15 veterans (26% male) with MST-related PTSD. Assessment of PTSD, depression, and psychophysiological indicators of distress occurred at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Treatment included 6-12 VRE sessions. There were significant reductions in pre- to post-treatment PTSD (CAPS severity: t(10) = 3.69, p = .004; PCL-5: t(10) = 3.79, p = .004) and depressive symptoms, (PHQ-9: t(8) = 2.83, p = .022), which were maintained at follow-up. There also was a significant pre- to post-treatment reduction in heart rate response to a trauma cue. Cohen's d effect sizes were large (CAPS: d = 1.11; PCL-5: d = 1.14, PHQ-9: d = .94), and the percentage of participants meeting PTSD criteria continued to decline from post-treatment (53%) to follow-up (33%). Findings indicate VRE can be safely delivered and is a promising treatment for MST-related PTSD.
Oxygen therapeutics in trauma and surgery

A number of oxygen therapeutics have completed safety trials and are now undergoing efficacy evaluation in multicenter phase III trials in North America and Europe. There are numerous potential advantages of these solutions when compared with packed red blood cells. They are readily available and have a long shelf life; do not require type and cross-matching; are virtually free of viral or bacterial contamination; have a much lower viscosity than blood; and may lack the immunosuppressive effects of blood. These products may also deliver more oxygen per unit mass than an equivalent amount of hemoglobin from red blood cells, providing the potential to sustain life in certain clinical situations. A few problems remain, including short biologic half-life, which may limit the application to times when the patient is most acutely anemic (i.e., in the intraoperative or immediate perioperative phase) or for emergent use. Nevertheless, a safe, effective alternative therapy providing oxygen delivery characteristics comparable to red blood cells may soon be available that could have significant impact on the way that we resuscitate trauma patients.
A boundary layer approach to creeping waves

Abstract We consider the eigenvalue problem for the Laplace operator in a two dimensional domain exterior to a smooth, closed convex curve C , on which the eigenfunctions are to vanish. Waves whose wavelengths λ are very small may be viewed as particles traveling along specific paths termed rays, along which the waves propagate. Small wavelengths λ correspond to large wavenumbers k = 2 π λ , which are the eigenvalues. Therefore, we restrict attention to the consideration of large eigenvalues. If the amplitude of the eigenfunctions is appreciable only in a thin region attached to the boundary and is negligibly small beyond the layer, they correspond to creeping waves. We employ a boundary layer approach to the problem.
Hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide as urgent therapy: A single institution experience.

e19045Background: Hematologic cancers can present with severe issues such as airway compromise, hypercalcemia, etc. Due to high drug costs and payment concerns, therapies that are inexpensive but e...
Managers, Virtues, and Dispositions?

Modern interpretations of the ancient Stoic and Aristotelian views of virtues and their exercise in management are reviewed. These modern exegeses generally stem from viewing virtues as “dispositions towards duty” and may differ from the ancient view that virtues are to be natural inclinations and not burdensome obligations. The difference between the “dispositional view” and the “ancient virtue view” is explored in the context of the “unity theory” (the ancient view that virtues must all be developed and pursued simultaneously), the “onerous theory” (the perceived burdensome nature—or lack thereof—of these dispositions or virtues), and the teleological theory (the end-goal differences of these two approaches). It is argued here that these apparent differences are illusory.
Comparison of Microbial Growth Between Commercial Formula and Blenderized Food for Tube Feeding.

Background Many healthcare facilities and providers prohibit blenderized tube feeding (BTF) for patients who request it due to concerns of high microbial load. The current project compared microbial loads of a standard ready-to-feed polymeric commercial formula (CF), a BTF made using baby food (BTF-BF), and a BTF prepared from blending whole food (BTF-WF), following food safety standards expected of U.S. hospitals. Methods Three tube-feeding formulas (CF, BTF-BF, BTF-WF) were prepared in a U.S. hospital and delivered in vitro to an unoccupied patient room. Samples were collected at zero hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours and compared for growth of aerobic microorganisms, Staphylococus aureus, coliforms, and Escherichia coli. The experiment was conducted in triplicate, 1 week apart. Results No S. aureus or coliform/E. coli were detected at any time point following preparation, and total bacterial count was well below acceptable limits. All 3 feeding formulas at zero hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours for each of the 3 sampling dates were acceptable for human consumption. Conclusion Judicious BTF recipe selection and adherence to safe food handling provide a safe feeding substrate equivalent to CF in the hospital setting. Due to increased use and interest in BTF by patients and their caregivers, healthcare facilities may need to reexamine their policies prohibiting BTF use.
Screening the Blood Supply for Zika Virus in the 50 U.S. States and Puerto Rico: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Background In 2016, universal individual donation nucleic acid testing (ID-NAT) of donated blood for Zika virus began in U.S. states and territories. Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of universal ID-NAT in the first year of screening compared with alternatives for the 50 states and separately for Puerto Rico. Design Microsimulation that captured Zika-related harms to transfusion recipients, sexual partners, and their infants. Data sources National testing results compiled by AABB and costs, utilities, and outcome probabilities estimated from the literature. Target population Transfusion recipients. Time horizon Lifetime. Perspective Societal. Intervention Universal ID-NAT, universal mini-pool NAT (MP-NAT), and ID-NAT exclusively for components transfused to women of childbearing age. Seasonally targeted strategies in Puerto Rico and geographically targeted strategies in the 50 states were also considered. Outcome measures Costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and outcomes. Results of base-case analysis In Puerto Rico, MP-NAT exclusively during high mosquito season was cost-effective at $81 123 per QALY (95% CI, -$49 138 to $978 242 per QALY). No screening policy was cost-effective in the 50 states. Universal ID-NAT cost $341 million per QALY (CI, $125 million to $2.90 billion per QALY) compared with no screening in the 50 states. Results of sensitivity analysis In Puerto Rico, MP-NAT only during the season of high mosquito activity was most cost-effective in 64% of probabilistic sensitivity analysis iterations. In the 50 states, no intervention was cost-effective in 99.99% of iterations. Cost-effectiveness was highly dependent on the rate of assumed infectious donations. Limitation Data were limited on the component-specific transmissibility of Zika and long-term sequelae of infection. Conclusion Screening was cost-effective only in the high mosquito season in Puerto Rico, and no evaluated screening policy was cost-effective in the 50 states. During periods with lower rates of Zika-infectious donations, the cost-effectiveness of screening will be even less favorable. Primary funding source None.
Characterisation of crushed base for mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide

This paper describes a recently completed laboratory test programme to determine the standard properties of crushed base aggregates collected from 14 road projects throughout Wyoming. Eleven of 14 ...
Sources: Beyond the Pale

Pragmatist philosophy holds that autobiographical experience plays an important role in philosophical inquiry. After discussing the role autobiography plays in the work of William James, John Dewey, and Richard Shusterman, Mullis details two personal experiences that stimulated his performance research on ecstatic embodiment in Appalachian Pentecostalism. He then introduces an account of pluralist inquiry in which cultural history, dance history, ethnographic research, studio practice, and philosophical analysis inform choreographic and dramaturgical thinking which in turn assists in developing theatrical performance about the unique form of embodied experience sought by Pentecostals.
Nasolabial Revisions in Unilateral Incomplete Cleft Lip: One Surgeon's 28-Year Experience.

Background Repair of unilateral incomplete cleft lip is the surgeon's opportunity to achieve a superior result with few revisions. Methods This study is a retrospective review of consecutive patients with unilateral incomplete cleft lip, defined as a defect extending 30 to 90 percent of cutaneous labial height, treated between 1985 and 2013 by one surgeon. Rates and types of revisions were collected, and photographs of patients who did not have a revision were reviewed to determine whether a revision was needed. Results One hundred thirty-six patients met inclusion criteria. Fifty-seven percent needed revision of the mucosal free margin; less than 10 percent needed other minor labial revisions. Fifteen percent required a nasal revision, most commonly reelevation of the lower lateral cartilage. Over time, the only statistically significant change in frequency was increased revisions of the free border. Conclusions Nasal revision rates are low in unilateral incomplete cleft lip compared to complete forms in previously published data by the senior author (J.B.M.). In contrast, labial revisions of the free margin are more common. The reason is that the surgeon became more cognizant of vermilion-mucosal deficiency on the noncleft side and more likely to offer a submucosal flap or dermis-fat graft to level the lip for normal upper incisor show. Clinical question/level of evidence Therapeutic, IV.
Tissue-specific role and associated downstream signaling pathways of adiponectin

According to the World Health Organization, metabolic syndrome (MetS) can be defined as a pathological condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The incidence of MetS keeps rising, as at least 35% of the USA population suffers from MetS. One of the worst comorbidities of metabolic syndrome are cardiovascular diseases that significantly amplifies the mortality associated with this syndrome. There is an urgent need to understand the pathophysiology of MetS to find novel diagnosis, treatment and management to mitigate the MetS and associated complications. Altered circulatory adiponectin levels have been implicated in MetS. Adiponectin has numerous biologic functions including antioxidative, anti-nitrative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. Being a pleiotropic hormone of multiple tissues, tissue-specific key signaling pathways of adiponectin will help finding specific target/s to blunt the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and associated disorders. The purpose of this review is to elucidate tissue-specific signaling pathways of adiponectin and possibly identify potential therapeutic targets for MetS as well as to evaluate the potential of adiponectin as a biomarker/therapeutic option in MetS.
Updated Results of TBCRC026: Phase II Trial Correlating Standardized Uptake Value With Pathological Complete Response to Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer

PURPOSEPredictive biomarkers to identify patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer who may benefit from targeted therapy alone are required. We hypothesiz...
Test Score Gaps in Higher Order Thinking Skills: Exploring Instructional Practices to Improve the Skills and Narrow the Gaps:

Today’s economy demands higher order thinking skills (HOTS), and the public education system has a critical role in supporting students’ acquisition of HOTS. Yet, numerous studies documented inequi...
Diagnostic operating characteristics of PROMIS scales in screening for depression.

Abstract Objective To determine the diagnostic operating characteristics of The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) depression scales in screening for major depression. Methods Interview data from patients enrolled in clinical trials involving patients with chronic pain (2 trials) or post-stroke (1 trial) were analyzed. This included baseline and follow-up interviews in 648 and 586 study patients, respectively. Patients completed PROMIS depression scales of varying lengths (4-item, 6-item, and two 8-item scale versions) as well as the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) depression scale. A Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID) was administered to establish diagnoses of major depression and any depression. Sensitivity and specificity at various score cutpoints as well as area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Results PROMIS scales of varying lengths had similar diagnostic operating characteristics. The optimal screening cutpoint for PROMIS raw scores on the 4-, 6-, and 8-item scales was 8, 12, and 16, respectively, which corresponds to a PROMIS T-score of 55. The average sensitivity and specificity of the two PROMIS 8-item scales for major depression across the 3 trials using a T-score cutpoint ≥55 was 0.81 and 0.84, respectively. This was almost identical to 0.81 and 0.82 for the PHQ-9 at its standard cutpoint score ≥ 10. The average AUC for major depression was identical (0.91) for the two PROMIS 8-item scales and PHQ-9, and also similar for any depression (0.87 to 0.89). Conclusion PROMIS scales ranging from 4 to 8 items have strong operating characteristics comparable to the PHQ-9 in screening for depression. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01236521 , NCT01583985 , NCT01507688
Development, Testing, and Dissemination of a Public-Facing Tool to Help Consumers Find Higher-Quality Addiction Treatment

Objective:The authors aimed to describe the development and testing of quality measures included in a public-facing addiction treatment facility search engine.Methods:An addiction treatment facilit...
Institutional crisis assessment and mission-driven response in practice: One religious-affiliated university’s response to the Catholic priest sexual abuse and cover up crisis

Abstract An institutional crisis occurs when individuals and organizations fail to perform the routines and roles that produce the collective interests and social order of the institution. The institution of the Catholic Church continues to endure a crisis of priest sexual abuse and those in positions of leadership covering up these incidents. The crisis reached another eruption point in 2018 when a Pennsylvania grand jury produced a report that documented these crimes. Any organization within the institution could proactively decide that it must respond to maintain its credibility, while also helping repair the reputation of the institution. A response to an institutional crisis should be driven by an organization’s assessment of events as well as its mission, values, and sense of responsibility to its stakeholders. The response should also use the unique skill and resource capabilities of the organization. This case study focuses on the response of one religious-affiliated university that was prompted by the Pennsylvania grand jury report. The appeal of studying a religious-affiliated university is that it serves dual missions: that as part of the larger religious institution and that of a higher education institution. In response to this institutional crisis, the university has a focus on victims’ concerns from the religious mission perspective and is using its capabilities of amassing and disseminating knowledge from the higher education mission perspective.
This Complex Thing about the Internet of Things, or How to Approach an IoT Project

The Internet of Things has multiple uses in business-to-consumer and business-to-business spaces. It is typically defined as a network of devices equipped with sensors that can observe real-time data and communicate with each other. Think about connected cars, smart homes and various “smart products” designed for consumers, as well as connected machines and facilities increasingly used in workplaces. For in-house privacy professionals, a new IoT project may present a range of legal and compliance issues, as existing laws might not be squarely suited to address privacy and security risks in the IoT environment. This article provides an overview of the current regulatory landscape and some practical tips on approaching IoT projects.
ADHD and Emotion Dysregulation Among Children and Adolescents

Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience impairments in a number of functional domains. Although current evidence-based treatments for ADHD reduce symptoms and improve academic and behavioral functioning, they have minimal impact on social functioning or on risky behaviors (see Evans et al. in J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 43:527-551, 2014 for review). Preliminary evidence indicates that emotion dysregulation (ED) is associated with impairments across the developmental spectrum, such as social impairment and risky behaviors, and that its relative absence/presence is differentially associated with treatment response. It thus stands to reason that by incorporating a focus on ED in interventions targeting social impairment and risky behaviors, we may be able to increase the number of youth who respond to such interventions and decrease the prevalence or degree of these impairments and behaviors among youth and adults with ADHD. However, a number of questions remain unaddressed about the association between ADHD and ED, such as the portion of individuals with ADHD who experience ED, the extent to which ED is associated with the above impairments and behaviors, and whether or not ED is malleable. To begin addressing these questions, we summarize and critically evaluate the literature on the association between ADHD and ED and make recommendations for future basic, translational, and treatment outcome research.