cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turismo Cultural En El Centro Histórico De Bahía Blanca (Argentina): Análisis Y Propuestas Para Su Desarrollo Turístico-Recreativo (Cultural Tourism in the Bahía Blanca's Historic Center (Argentina): Analysis and Proposals for Their Tourist-Recreational Development)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un analisis de los componentes del patrimonio cultural, susceptibles de aprovechamiento turistico-recreativo en el centro historico bahiense, a la vez de contribuir a su desarrollo a partir de una serie de ropuestas, que configuren y consoliden una nueva oferta de actividades y servicios, orientada a visitantes y residentes de la ciudad. Para ello, se aborda una investigacion descriptiva y explicativa, utilizando tecnicas de recoleccion de datos cualitativos, para el desarrollo del relevamiento en el terreno. En este contexto, se obtiene una caracterizacion y clasificacion, a partir de diferentes parametros, de los bienes culturales, materiales e inmateriales, albergados en el casco historico de la ciudad, a fin de dejar planteado un conjunto de lineamientos propositivos, desde el punto de vista del turismo cultural y la recreacion, que contribuyan a la dinamizacion del sector y del centro urbano en su conjunto.This paper studies the components of cultural heritage that may use recreational tourist in the Bahia Blanca´s historic center, while contributing to the development of proposals that consolidate and configure a new range of activities and services aimed at visitors and residents of the city. The article offers a descriptive and explanatory analysis, using techniques of qualitative data collection for the development of the survey in the field. We obtain the characterization and classification based on different parameters of cultural property, tangible or intangible, from the historic center of the city. We propose a set of guidelines from the cultural tourism and recreation point of view in order to contribute to the revitalization of the sector and the city center as a whole.
Autocrine regulation of glioma cell proliferation via pHe-sensitive K(+) channels.

Since the seminal studies of Otto Warburg in the 1920s, it has been widely recognized that cancers grow glycolytically, even in the presence of oxygen. This generates an abundance of protons in a g...
The role of early newborn discharge legislation in influencing policy development: understanding the Kansas experience.

Early newborn discharge legislation began a movement in health policy towards incremental changes in how medical consumers receive services. While well intentioned, these initiatives may undermine ...
Wireless Farmland Measurement and Control System Based on Zigbee

Based on the technology of Zigbee,a wireless farmland measurement and control system is proposed.Its core is Zigbee Wireless micro-controller JN5121-M02 which is produced by Jennic Company.And then,this paper gives the design of the hardware and software of the system.This system can collect various environmental parameters of the measurement of regional in the farmland,and also control some equipments such as Irrigation valves,it has an important value.
Correlation and principal component analysis on the major quality traits of rice lines

Amylose content,protein content,the RVA characteristics and palatability value of four rice varieties were analyzed. The effect on grain quality of planting in different years,offsite cultivation and different storage time were analyzed. The results show that protein content in the inter-annual have significantly different in the different year,the other four indicators of RVA characteristic value except the final viscosity and palatability value have significantly different in offsite cultivation. No obvious changes in amylose content and protein content were found after storage. The palatability value of stored rice were lower than those of new rice. The peak viscosity and breakdown values were higher than those of new rice.
Equilibrium and kinetic measurements of actinomycin binding to deoxyribonucleic acid in the presence of competing drugs.

Competitive binding studies were performed by addition of daunomycin, ethidium bromide, and mithramycin to DNA-bound actinomycin D. Equilibrium and kinetic measurements demonstrated that these drugs displace actinomycin from its strong binding sites on DNA. Actinomine, an analogue of actinomycin that lacks the peptide lactones, did not displace DNA-bound actinomycin under conditions similar to those used for daunomycin, mithramycin, ethidium bromide, and an ethidium analogue in which the phenyl group is replaced by a methyl group. The competing drugs may modify actinomycin-DNA interaction by interfering with binding of the cyclic peptides of actinomycin and by inducing a structural distortion in DNA.
The Performance of Agents

This chapter further explores perspectives gained when the nonprofit is seen as a social capital asset and agent of policy within a principal-agent paradigm. This chapter focuses on the nonprofit hospital as an agent of public policy—a valued part of the social capital of a community. It illustrates the public policy issues implicit in defining and in evaluating the performance of a nonprofit agent that is not a contractor to the government and yet has an immeasurable duty to advance community welfare. When the nonprofit is under contract to the government, the contract stipulates what is expected and the evaluation of performance is a matter of comparing the output agreed upon in the contract with what was actually done. Without a specific contract, there is no such easy guidance and the agent’s performance may be open to dispute. Both situations are, however, open to dispute because both invite some degree of agent discretion.
Cohort Differences and the Marriage Premium: Emergence of Gender‐Neutral Household Specialization Effects

Using fixed-effects models and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 data, we compared cohort, gender, and household specialization differences in the marriage premium. Do these premiums (a) persist among millennials, (b) reflect changing selection into marriage across cohorts, and (c) differ by the gender division of spousal work hours? Despite declining gender-traditional household specialization, the millennial cohort garnered larger marriage premiums for women and men. Positive selection explained millenial women's marriage premiums, but less of men's. Household specialization mattered only among millennials, where it is gender neutral: Male and female breadwinners earned significantly larger marriage premiums, whereas husbands and wives specializing in nonmarket work earned no premium, or even penalties, when employed. Results show increasing disadvantage among breadwinner households, with dual earners most advantaged among millennials.
Optimization and parallel load balancing of the MPAS Atmosphere Weather and Climate Code

MPAS (Model for Prediction Across Scales) Atmosphere is a highly scalable application for global weather and climate simulations. It uses an unstructured Voronoi mesh in the horizontal dimensions, thereby avoiding problems associated with traditional rectilinear grids, and deploys a subset of the atmospheric physics used in WRF. In this paper, we describe work that was done to improve the overall performance of the software: serial optimization of the dynamical core and thread-level load balancing of the atmospheric physics. While the overall reductions were modest for standard benchmarks, we expect that the contributions will become more important with the eventual addition of atmospheric chemistry or when running at larger scale.
rTMS reduces cortical imbalance associated with visual hallucinations after occipital stroke

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of multiday repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the occipital cortex in a patient with continuous visual phosphene hallucinations for more than 2 years following occipital stroke. Methods: Low-frequency rTMS (1 Hz) was applied to the lesion site for 30 minutes daily over 5 consecutive days. Functional MRI (fMRI) was performed before and after rTMS treatment. Results: Increased application of rTMS corresponded with a reduction in intensity of visual phosphene hallucinations and was reflected in altered blood oxygen level–dependent signal. fMRI revealed focal excitatory discharges at the border of the lesion, highlighting the origin of phosphenes. Post-rTMS, rTMS did not simply suppress activity in the patient but rather redistributed the previously imbalanced cortical activity not only at the stimulation site but in remote cortical regions so that it more closely resembled that of controls. Conclusions: This case is rare in its presentation of chronic continuous visual phosphene hallucinations following occipital stroke. We present a case of multiday application of rTMS to visual cortex and demonstrate that rTMS provides a valuable therapeutic intervention in modulating visual hallucinations following occipital damage. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class IV evidence in a single-case report that multiday rTMS reduces intrahemispheric and interhemispheric imbalance and associated visual phosphene hallucinations following occipital stroke.
The Development and Application of the Directors’ Duty of Care and Diligence Rule in Australia

This paper places Australian directors’ duties legislation in the corporate governance context. A discussion of the general principles and the sources of duties is designed to offer an insight into the various areas of law that govern the conduct of company directors. Focusing on directors’ duty of care and diligence, we offer a detailed examination of the wording of the first Australian statutory provision. Further, we provide a comprehensive analysis of how the law evolved over the past two centuries. An exhaustive review of published cases provides the backbone of the study to highlight the interaction between statutory provisions and the evolution of directors’ duties through Australian case law. We review recent cases to provide an insight into the state of the art in Australia. Exploring the development of the law through recent cases allows the consolidation of current knowledge into a concise set of learnings.
ECONOMETRIC METHODS: by Jack Johnston and John DiNardo, McGraw Hill, 1997

The fourth edition of Econometric Methods by Jack Johnston and John DiNardo, is a rewrite of the venerable third edition by Johnston that sustained several generations of economists. As stated by the authors themselves, the reason for undertaking this major revision is to provide a comprehensive and accessible account of currently available econometric methodology, and in my opinion they have been successful in achieving their objective. The book has 13 chapters and runs to 531 pages. Each chapter ends with a selection of problems, several of which are new to this edition. Answers are not provided, although a solutions manual is available. Two appendices, one on matrix algebra and the other on statistical preliminaries, are intended to make the book as self-contained as possible. Not unexpectedly, the appendices are somewhat tersely worded, and the reader may wish to supplement them with additional reference material. Conforming to current practice, the book is accompanied by a data diskette containing several data sets, allowing the reader to replicate the applications given in the text.
Sticks, Stones, and Stigma: Student Bystander Behavior in Response to Hearing the Word "Retard".

Abstract The present study explored the prevalence of the r-word in schools and students' bystander behavior in response to hearing the word. In total, 2,297 students from 12 high schools across th...
White-tailed deer florivory influences the population demography of Polemonium vanbruntiae

AbstractWhite-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimm.) may influence reproduction and dispersal of plant species through herbivory of flowering stems. We examined the effects of white-tailed deer...
Tropical Ginger Cultivation in North American Temperate Climes

The popularity of gingers, in the family Zingiberaceae and many native to Southeast Asia, is increasing as more species are brought into cultivation by botanists and as botanic gardens increase their public displays in glasshouses and outside beds. Not only are the foliage and flowers striking in appearance with bright colors and unusual forms, but many have medicinal uses as well. Some species are evergreen while others go dormant during the winter months. Gingers are relatively easy to cultivate and are not prone to insect pests. In regions with freezing temperatures during the winter a glasshouse is required. With proper care and planning, a great variety of species can be successfully cultivated and put on view for the public.
Applying a passive network reconstruction technique to Twitter data in order to identify trend setters

In this work we apply a systems-theoretic approach to identifying trend setters on Twitter. A network reconstruction algorithm was applied to Twitter data to determine causal relationships among topics discussed by popular Twitter users. Causal relationships in this context means that the topics tweeted by a single user influences the topics tweeted by another user, regardless of sentiment. A user that causally influences other users, without themselves being strongly influenced is identified as a trendsetter. This work seeks to identify potential trendsetters among popular Twitter users and demonstrating that causal influence does not always directly correlate with a user's popularity in terms of followers-demonstrating that popularity alone may not be sufficient for identifying trendsetters on Twitter.
Strain-induced alignment and phase behavior of blue phase liquid crystals confined to thin films

We report on the influence of surface confinement on the phase behavior and strain-induced alignment of thin films of blue phase liquid crystals (BPs). Confining surfaces comprised of bare glass, dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ammonium chloride (DMOAP)-functionalized glass, or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated glass were used with or without mechanically rubbing to influence the azimuthal anchoring of the BPs. These experiments reveal that confinement can change the phase behavior of the BP films. For example, in experiments performed with rubbed-PVA surfaces, we measured the elastic strain of the BPs to change the isotropic–BPII phase boundary, suppressing formation of BPII for film thicknesses incommensurate with the BPII lattice. In addition, we observed strain-induced alignment of the BPs to exhibit a complex dependence on both the surface chemistry and azimuthal alignment of the BPs. For example, when using bare glass surfaces causing azimuthally degenerate and planar anchoring, BPI oriented with (110) planes of the unit cell parallel to the contacting surfaces for thicknesses below 3 μm but transitioned to an orientation with (200) planes aligned parallel to the contacting surfaces for thicknesses above 4 μm. In contrast, BPI aligned with (110) planes parallel to confining surfaces for all other thicknesses and surface treatments, including bare glass with uniform azimuthal alignment. Complementary simulations based on minimization of the total free energy (Landau–de Gennes formalism) confirmed a thickness-dependent reorientation due to strain of BPI unit cells within a window of surface anchoring energies and in the absence of uniform azimuthal alignment. In contrast to BPI, BPII did not exhibit thickness-dependent orientations but did exhibit orientations that were dependent on the surface chemistry, a result that was also captured in simulations by varying the anchoring energies. Overall, the results in this paper reveal that the orientations assumed by BPs in thin films reflect a complex interplay of surface interactions and elastic energies associated with strain of the BP lattice. The results also provide new principles and methods to control the structure and properties of BP thin films, which may find use in BP-templated material synthesis, and BP-based optical and electronic devices.
Estimation of Remaining Useful Life of a Fatigue Damaged Wind Turbine Blade with Particle Filters

Structural maintenance operations in wind energy sector are steering towards condition based maintenance (CBM) which requires prognostic estimates of existing condition of the wind turbine (WT) structural systems that is damage propagation and remaining useful life (RUL). WT blades are highly vulnerable structural components that are subjected to continuous cyclic loads of wind and self weight variation. A method for estimation of RUL of wind turbine blades considering the fatigue mode of failure is proposed in this paper. Stochastic life expectancy methods that use Bayesian updating with measurements of evolving damage for damage propagation estimation have proven to be reliable in RUL estimation. In this study probability density functions for the RUL of WT blades are estimated for diffident initial crack sizes and particle filtering method is used for forecasting the evolution of fatigue damage addressing the non-linearity and uncertainty in crack propagation. The stresses on a numerically modeled life size onshore WT blade subjected to turbulence are used in computing the crack propagation observation data for particle filters.
Synaptic plasticity mediating leptin's effect on metabolism.

Publisher Summary The establishment of the connectivity and hierarchical relationship between hypothalamic neuromodulator systems is critical to understand the blueprint for the hypothalamic regulation of daily energy homeostasis. This chapter summarizes some of the critical findings of various laboratories related to this relationship. The relationship between key peptidergic circuits and their inputs in the nonhuman primate hypothalamus are reviewed to establish whether data gained in rodent species correspond to primate anatomy. As the basic wiring of the hypothalamus in nonhuman primates and most likely in humans corresponds to that found in either rats or mice, the chapter reveals whether alterations in the wiring of hypothalamic metabolic circuits occur in response to the changing metabolic state. The studies conducted in the nonhuman primate hypothalamus reveal a robust and rapid rearrangement of synaptic inputs of orexigenic circuits and their respective interneuronal controllers, in response to short-term fasting. The observations presented in the chapter suggests that synaptic plasticity is a key component in the physiological regulation of energy homeostasis, and that under pathological conditions, the synaptic constellation and its plasticity is impaired.
Enhanced planning of interventions for spinal deformity correction using virtual modeling and visualization techniques

Traditionally spinal correction procedures have been planned using 2D radiographs or image slices extracted from conventional computed tomography scans. Such images prove inadequate for accurately and precisely planning interventions, mainly due to the complex 3D anatomy of the spinal column, as well as the close proximity of nerve bundles and vascular structures that must be avoided during the procedure. To address these limitations and provide the surgeon with more representative information while taking full advantage of the 3D volumetric imaging data, we have developed a clinician-friendly application for spine surgery planning. This tool enables rapid oblique reformatting of each individual vertebral image, 3D rendering of each or multiple vertebrae, as well as interactive templating and placement of virtual implants. Preliminary studies have demonstrated improved accuracy and confidence of pre-operative measurements and implant localization and suggest that the proposed application may lead to increased procedure efficiency, safety, shorter intra-operative time, and lower costs.
Abstract TP327: Timing of Ventriculostomy and Ventricular Shunting for Intracranial Hemorrhage: A National Inpatient Sample Study

Background: Intraventricular hemorrhage requiring ventriculostomy (EVD) placement is a frequent complication of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Urgent EVD may be warranted for management of acute hydrocephalus, and a subset of these patients will require permanent ventricular shunt (VS)
Summary of Discussion at NIMH Conference: “New Directions in Failure to Thrive Research: Implications for Prevention,” October, 1984

The participants in the NIMH conference which stimulated this book had an opportunity to discuss the state of the art in research in FTT. The following summary of this discussion recapitulates themes that recur in this volume, offers the reader the feel for a working discussion which occurred among these researchers and practitioners, underscores areas in need of future research, and outlines special methodological problems.
Dynamic Modeling and Controllability Analysis of a Moderately Damaged Unmanned Aerial System

This research presents dynamic modeling and controllability analysis of a moderately damaged Viking-400 unmanned aerial system. In absence of flight test data, changes in longitudinal and lateral-directional dynamic modes of this aircraft due to asymmetric damage are investigated using Athena Vortex Lattice. Dynamic modeling of damaged aircraft has not been studied extensively. The majority of existing works are based on research conducted at NASA Langley, which used wind tunnel experiments on a 5.5%-scale model of generic transport aircraft. Only a few studies have examined onboard adverse impacts on the dynamic model of damaged UASs and most of these studies used extremely simple approaches to reflect changes in the UAS dynamic by manipulating stability and control derivatives based on perceived impact of damage. In this work, two major cases with different extents of damage are considered. Main scenarios are: (1) wing tip loss with partial aileron loss (2) damage to the horizontal tail and elevator. Damages are assumed to be asymmetric, inflicted by man-portable air defense systems. Uniquely, a methodology is created to document the changes in moment of inertia and aircraft geometry. Utilizing AVL, stability and control derivatives were developed at the aircraft's cruise velocity of 60 knots for each damage condition. Modal analyses are conducted for each scenario. Using linear time-invariant system representation of the UAS, a controllability analysis is also conducted for each scenario. The results of this analysis show that the aircraft is controllable for all damage scenario.
Cerebral venous thrombosis: A typical presentation of COVID-19 in the young.

Abstract Objective Identify clinical and radiographic features of venous infarct as a presenting feature of COVID-19 in the young. Background SARS-CoV-2 infection causes hypercoagulability and inflammation leading to venous thrombotic events (VTE). Although elderly patients with comorbidities are at higher risk, COVID-19 may also cause VTE in a broader patient population without these risks. Neurologic complications and manifestations of COVID-19, including neuropathies, seizures, strokes and encephalopathy usually occur in severe established cases of COVID-19 infection who primarily present with respiratory distress. Case description Case report of a 29-year-old woman, with no significant past medical history or comorbidities, presenting with new onset seizures. Further questioning revealed a one-week history of headaches, low-grade fever, mild cough and shortness of breath, diagnosed as COVID-19. Imaging revealed a left temporoparietal hemorrhagic venous infarction with left transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis treated with full dose anticoagulation and antiepileptics. Conclusion Although elderly patients with comorbidities are considered highest risk for COVID-19 neurologic complications, usually when systemic symptoms are severe, this case report emphasizes that young individuals are at risk for VTE with neurologic complications even when systemic symptoms are mild, likely induced by COVID-19 associated hypercoagulable state.
Using a linear microphone array to evaluate inhomogeneous sound-fields of recreated enclosures

Auditory Virtual Environments (AVE) typically recreate the sound at a specific listener position. Extended loudspeaker-based systems typically use the rich capabilities to enlarge the sweet spot, so a broader audience can experience the sound from the same virtual listener position. An alternative approach is taken with Rensselaer's Collaborative-Research Augmented Immersive Virtual Environment Laboratory (CRAIVE-Lab). Using 128 horizontally arranged loudspeakers, inhomogeneous sound fields are produced over a user area of 10 × 12 sqm, recreating the sound of acoustical enclosures using a ray-tracing method. A linear microphone array, consisting of 40 omnidirectional microphones, spaced 15 cm apart, is used to measure the fidelity of the reproduced inhomogeneous sound fields. This is accomplished by comparing the spatial room impulse responses measured in the CRAIVE-Lab to those generated synthetically (or computationally). The arrival times of direct sound and reflections are compared for both simulation methods. The analysis focuses on the spatial properties of the arriving wave fronts, including the direction of arrival and curvature, to determine the degree of accuracy to which the inhomogeneous properties of the sound field are reproduced. [Work supported by NSF #1909229.]
Increasing Postpartum Depression Screening and Intervention in a Pediatric Resident Clinic

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a widespread problem, affecting an estimated 6-22% of mothers nationwide. Pediatricians, through frequent well child checks (WCCs), often have the most contact with postpartum mothers. Unfortunately, one in four mothers report no screening for PPD at these visits, and most cases likely go undiagnosed. As PPD negatively affects multiple arenas of childhood development and livelihood into adulthood, it is imperative that mothers receive screening and treatment resources. The Patient Health Questionnaire with a 2- and 9- question version …
Extreme Phenotypic Diversity in Operant Responding for an Intravenous Cocaine or Saline Infusion in the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel

Cocaine self-administration is complexly determined trait, and a substantial proportion of individual differences in cocaine use is determined by genetic variation. Cocaine intravenous self-administration (IVSA) procedures in laboratory animals provide opportunities to prospectively investigate neurogenetic influences on the acquisition of voluntary cocaine use. Large and genetically diverse mouse populations, including the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP), have been developed for forward genetic approaches that can reveal genetic variants that influence traits like cocaine IVSA. This population enables high resolution and well-powered genome wide association studies, as well as the discovery of genetic correlations. Here, we provide information on cocaine (or saline - as a control) IVSA in 65 strains of the HMDP. We found cocaine IVSA to be substantially heritable in this population, with strain-level intake ranging for near zero to >25 mg/kg/session. Though saline IVSA was also found to be heritable, a very modest genetic correlation between cocaine and saline IVSA indicates that operant responding for the cocaine reinforcer was influenced by a substantial proportion of unique genetic variants. These data indicate that the HMDP is suitable for forward genetic approaches for the analysis of cocaine IVSA, and this project has also led to the discovery of reference strains with extreme cocaine IVSA phenotypes, revealing them as polygenic models of risk and resilience to cocaine reinforcement. This is part of an ongoing effort to characterize genetic and genomic variation that moderates cocaine IVSA, which may, in turn, provide a more comprehensive understanding of cocaine risk genetics and neurobiology.
Thwarted Belongingness and PTSD Symptom Severity among Firefighters: The Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties.

The present investigation examined the associations among thwarted belongingness (TB), emotion regulation difficulties (ERD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity among firefig...
Modified Transpterygoid Approach to Sphenoid Meningoencephaloceles: A Shorter Run for a Longer Slide

OBJECTIVES Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and meningoencephaloceles originating in the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus can be challenging. The traditional transpterygoid approach through the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is time consuming and places important structures at risk, which can lead to significant morbidity. We report a multi-institutional experience using a simplified, endoscopic modified transpterygoid approach (MTPA), which spares the PPF contents in the management of lateral sphenoid sinus meningoencephaloceles and CSF leaks. STUDY DESIGN Multi-Institutional, Retrospective Case Series. METHODS Patients with lateral sphenoid recess CSF leaks and meningoencephaloceles between 2014 and 2020 who underwent the MTPA at two academic medical centers were identified. Repair techniques and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Thirty-three patients underwent the MTPA for management. Skull base reconstruction was performed using a free mucosal graft (24/33, 72.7%), nasoseptal flap (4/33, 12.1%), bone grafts (3/33, 9.1%), and abdominal fat grafts (2/33, 6.1%). Lumbar drains and perioperative intracranial pressure measurements were routinely employed. Postoperative complications were uncommon and included three patients (9.7%) with temporary V2 anesthesia, one patient (3.2%) with prolonged V2 anesthesia, and one patient (3.2%) with subjective dry eye, all of which resolved at 9 months postoperatively. There were no recurrent CSF leaks resulting in a 100% success rate. Average follow-up was 13 months. CONCLUSION The MTPA reduces morbidity and greatly simplifies access to the lateral sphenoid sinus for the management of CSF leaks and meningoencephaloceles, without compromising exposure. This technique avoids the need for extensive PPF dissection and should be considered for the management of benign lesions involving the lateral sphenoid sinus. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:2224-2230, 2021.
Public and Non-Profit Organizations Versus Private Industry Needs

HRIS systems need to be flexible and adaptable to allow human resources professionals to enable public, non-profit human resources, and private sector organizations to manage various personnel records to fully serve their organizations. The range of needs for public and non-profit organizations include Civil Service , Compliance Reporting, Pension Plans, Benefits and Types of Employees.
Converting Land from Poplar Tree Bioenergy Planting to Cropland: An Example

Introduction Many landowners ask about the process and costs for returning land to crop production after trees are cut for biomass. A field on the Squaw Creek bottom, Story County, Iowa was planted to hybrid poplar trees in spring 2000. The trees were planted in rows with a 10-ft spacing. The trees were cut in spring 2010. The resulting field was four acres, and this is the account of the first corn crop in 2011 on the area.
A Coarse-Filter Gap Analysis for Preserved Lands in Kyrgyzstan

Two U.S. geographers specializing in the environment of the states of the former USSR examine Kyrgyzstan's system of preserved natural areas, created mainly under the Soviet system, to determine how comprehensively it protects the country's diversity of bio-geographical zones. A coarse-filter gap analysis is performed on 19 generalized vegetation zones to identify those that are inadequately represented within the preserve network. The fact that over half of the 19 natural zones were found to have inadequate or very inadequate representation within the preserve system provides the basis for a series of recommendations regarding areas of the country/biogeographical zones warranting increased protection through the establishment of additional preserves. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: Q20, Q24, Q28. 4 figures, 4 tables, 1 appendix, 27 references.
A High-Γ, Strongly-Coupled, Non-Neutral Ion Plasma

We have produced a strongly coupled non-neutral 9Be+ ion plasma with a coupling parameter of approximately 100 or greater..The ions were spatially confined by a Penning trap [Penning 1936, Dehmelt 1967, 1969, Wineland et al. 1983] and cooled and compressed using laser cooling [Itano and Wineland 1982]. Measurements were made of the plasma shape, rotation frequency, density and temperature. In this paper we describe the experimental confinement geometry, the laser cooling of ions and the experimental data which are compared with theoretical predictions. Future experiments to measure the plasma static structure function, measure ion diffusion, and improve the temperature measurement are discussed.
High-level specification of a proposed information architecture for support of a bioterrorism early-warning system

Current information systems for use in detecting bioterrorist attacks lack a consistent, overarching information architecture. An overview of the use of biological agents as weapons during a bioterrorist attack is presented. Proposed are the design, development, and implementation of a medical informatics system to mine pertinent databases, retrieve relevant data, invoke appropriate biostatistical and epidemiological software packages, and automatically analyze these data. The top-level information architecture is presented. Systems requirements and functional specifications for this level are presented. Finally, future studies are identified. Language: en
The Timing of Stock Repurchases

Recent evidence indicates that cycles in valuation and managers ability to time the market partly explain the pattern of many corporate financing activities, such as equity issuances and mergers. In this paper, we challenge the importance of market timing in driving financing waves by examining the aggregate pattern of stock repurchases. We focus on repurchases because, though repurchases involve the opposite transaction, the pattern of repurchases mirrors that of equity issuances and mergers. We show that stock repurchase waves are not driven by potential misvaluations. Specifically, we show that market and relative returns, equity share in new issuances, the number of IPOs in a given year, the closed end fund discount, and relative market to book ratios do not explain the time-series of aggregate repurchases. To understand this result, we evaluate each of these measures of market timing relative to the pricing error from a present value model of cash flows and discount rates and show that the pricing error behaves more like a measure of misvaluation than the market timing measures. However, it too does not explain aggregate repurchase activity. Rather, we show that variations in repurchase activity are driven by changes in business cycles.
"Mappings of secrecy and disclosure": The Swimming Pool Library, the closet, and the empire.

The Swimming Pool Library is a novel of the closet that also offers a post-colonial reading of homosexuality in contemporary culture. Through its interpretation of gay life as a dialogic between Wildean and Gidean readings of homosexuality, and its examination of the closet as what Sedgwick calls "the defining structure of gay oppression," the novel analyzes the tensions of political oppression against sexual freedom. The Swimming Pool Library is thus seen as a text in conflict with itself about the very issues it raises: closeting and gay liberation, sexual freedom and sexual responsibility, loyalty to the past and duty in the present.
Visualizing Object-Oriented Programs with Jinsight

Jinsight is a tool that lets you visualize and explore many aspects of your Java program’s run-time behavior. It is helpful for performance analysis, debugging, and any task in which you need to better understand what your code is really doing. Jinsight was developed at IBM’s Research Division, and is available free as a technology preview.
Multi-core fibers and their crosstalk characteristics

Inter-core crosstalk of multi-core fibers is stochastic and heavily dependent on various perturbations such as bend and twist, and of course on fiber structures. Characteristics of the crosstalk are described from theoretical and experimental results.
Iron and enhanced performance in adolescents.

Exercise alone affects nutrient needs, but if exercise is coupled with underconsumption of the proper amount of energy needed, micronutrient deficiencies can occur. The goal for every athlete, especially adolescents who are in a period of rapid growth, is to consume adequate energy and the proper balance of micronutrients and macronutrients, that is, the amount required for appropriate growth as well as optimal performance. Although athletes may be deficient in different micronutrients, this review will focus on iron. Iron is a required trace mineral that is involved in a number of metabolic processes throughout the body. The purpose of this review is the following: (1) to briefly discuss the dietary reference intakes for iron, (2) to present a brief background of iron’s role in the body, (3) to describe the stages of iron deficiency anemia, (4) to discuss some of the metabolic processes that require iron and may affect performance in the adolescent athlete, and (5) to discuss research conducted on iron a...
Shakespeare and the Landscape of Death: Crossing the Boundaries of Life and the Afterlife

This essay explores how denying or ignoring the meanings of the spaces scripted for the dead, or “deathscapes” as anthropologist Lily Kong calls them, can lead Shakespeare's characters to a spiritual death as well as a bodily one. I examine the cultural meanings of deathscapes in the early modern era – specifically the grave, graveyard and church – through the lens of the schism of Christianity caused by separation of Protestantism and Catholicism. When Hamlet, for example, makes the mistake of treating the spaces of the dead in ways that speak more to how Catholics define and use them, he puts himself in deadly peril. I argue, however, that this in no way makes Hamlet a “Catholic play”, as some critics have in the past claimed. Instead, I show how Shakespeare reinforces the tenets and ideas of Protestantism by punishing Hamlet's lapses with such a thorough and unavoidable harshness that Hamlet's anti-Protestant actions and behaviours serve as a warning to audience members. The fact that Hamlet appears to...
Communicating about zoonotic disease: Strategic considerations for wildlife professionals

A set of interrelated social and environmental changes have accelerated the transmission of wildlife-associated infectious diseases around the world. Emerging infectious disease (EID) events take a heavy toll on human health and have significant global economic impacts. In the risk-averse society of the United States, EID events associated with wildlife, particularly zoonoses, have potential to diminish the value of wildlife for society, depress interest in wildlife-related activities and decrease support for wildlife conservation. Messages about wildlife-associated zoonotic diseases should promote human and animal health, while avoiding development of exaggerated risk perceptions that can have deleterious effects on participation in wildlife-related outdoor activities or support for wildlife conservation. We outline 3 categories of negative consequences arising from current communication conditions with respect to zoonoses. We then describe key communication links that the wildlife profession needs to address to obviate these consequences. Finally, we propose a number of actions the wildlife professional community can take to improve communication about zoonotic diseases. In this regard, we discuss the One Health concept and other opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration on communication between wildlife health, wildlife management, and public health professionals. We conclude that a foundation for effective communication about zoonotic diseases needs to be built on stronger interdisciplinary collaboration between the wildlife profession and the public health profession. Starting from a solid foundation of collaboration among wildlife veterinarians and wildlife biologists and managers, wildlife professionals should build strong bridges with the public health profession. We suggest that the latter can be spanned by wildlife veterinarians. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
The effect of chronic administration of nicotine on antinociception, opioid receptor binding and met-enkelphalin levels in rats

The effect of chronic nicotine administration on (1) antinociception; (2) opioid receptor binding; and (3) met-enkelphalin levels in discrete brain regions in rats was investigated. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with nicotine 0.3 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, or saline three times a day subcutaneously during a 14-day protocol. Antinociception was measured by hotplate (HP) test on days 1, 2, 7, 10 and 14. After completion of the protocol, mu-opioid receptors were analyzed by [3H]-DAMGO binding studies and met-enkelphalin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Results indicated that hot-plate latency increased during the first 2 days of nicotine administration for male and female rats who were treated with 0.3 mg/kg nicotine. There was an up-regulation of mu-receptors (increased Bmax) in the striatum of rats treated with 0.3 mg/kg nicotine, compared to 0. 1 mg/kg nicotine and saline groups. An interaction effect of group by gender was noted. After 14 days of chronic nicotine administration, met-enkelphalin levels were significantly lower in striatum and midbrain of animals treated with 0.3 mg/kg nicotine, as compared to controls. These results suggest that chronic nicotine administration, in doses representative of human smoking, produces antinociception initially, and is accompanied by an upregulation of micro-opioid receptors in the striatum of rats. In addition, nicotine-induced tolerance to antinociception may be associated with a decrease in met-enkelphalin level over a period of time.
A new autosomal trisomy syndrome: multiple congenital anomalies caused by an extra chromosome

Summary Two patients are described who died in early infancy. Each displayed similar complexes of congenital anomalies of which the following ones were found in both: low-set and malformed ears, small mandible, flexion deformities of the fingers, anomalous feet, interventricular septal defect, spasticity with probable mental defect, and diverticulum of the intestine. The chromosome number was 47, the extra chromosome appearing to be the same one in each instance; it belongs to the E group in the classification of Patau and associates. 1 The mothers of both patients were of advanced age at the time of conception.
Boundary-based shape normalization technique

When a camera's center axis is not parallel to the surface normal of a planar object, the perceived shape of the object will be skewed. Most existing shape analysis methods are sensitive to such shape distortions. That is, if a shape is skewed due to non-orthographic projection, it may not be correctly recognized. In this paper we present a shape normalization process which neutralizes such shape skewing effects. In our case, a perceived shape is represented by a list of corner points along its boundary. We first compute the six lower moments of the shape from its boundary. Then these moments are used to compute the shape's center location, orientation, and maximum and minimum moments of inertia. To normalize the shape we first translate the shape's center to the origin. Next we rotate the shape to align its major axis with the x-axis. Then we expand the shape along its minor axis to neutralize shape skewing. Lastly, we scale the size of the shape so it has a standard moment of inertia. The suggested method can be used as a preprocessing step for any planar shape analysis method which is sensitive to shape skewing, shape size change, and/or shape translation. Since the moments are computed from the shape's boundary instead of from all its interior pixels, the method is also efficient. Several experimental results are given to show the effectiveness of the approach.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
PERMEABILITY OF MUSCLE CAPILLARIES TO EXOGENOUS MYOGLOBIN

Whale skeletal muscle myoglobin (mol wt 17,800; molecular dimensions 25 x 34 x 42 A) was used as a probe molecule for the pore systems of muscle capillaries. Diaphragms of Wistar-Furth rats were fixed in situ at intervals up to 4 h after the intravenous injection of the tracer, and myoglobin was localized in the tissue by a peroxidase reaction. Gel filtration of plasma samples proved that myoglobin molecules remained in circulation in native monomeric form. At 30–35 s postinjection, the tracer marked ∼75% of the plasmalemmal vesicles on the blood front of the endothelium, 15% of those located inside and none of those on the tissue front. At 45 s, the labeling of vesicles in the inner group reached 60% but remained nil for those on the tissue front. Marked vesicles appeared on the latter past 45 s and their frequency increased to ∼80% by 60–75 s, concomitantly with the appearance of myoglobin in the pericapillary spaces. Significant regional heterogeneity in initial labeling was found in the different segments of the endothelium (i.e., perinuclear cytoplasm, organelle region, cell periphery, and parajunctional zone). Up to 60 s, the intercellular junctions and spaces of the endothelium were free of myoglobin reaction product; thereafter, the latter was detected in the distal part of the intercellular spaces in concentration generally equal to or lower than that prevailing in the adjacent pericapillary space. The findings indicate that myoglobin molecules cross the endothelium of muscle capillaries primarily via plasmalemmal vesicles. Since a molecule of this size is supposed to exit through both pore systems, our results confirm the earlier conclusion that the plasmalemmal vesicles represent the large pore system; in addition, they suggest that the same structures are, at least in part, the structural equivalent of the small pore system of this type of capillaries.
Formation of Crystalline Nanoclusters of Ag, Cu, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, or Ru in a Silica Xerogel Matrix from Single-Source Molecular Precursors

Metal complexes containing bifunctional ligands which possess alkoxysilyl functional groups have been prepared for seven metals of the first, second, or third transition metal series. Incorporation of these single-source precursors into silica xerogel matrixes using sol−gel chemistry affords molecularly doped xerogels. Subsequent thermal treatment of these doped xerogels under reducing or oxidizing-then-reducing conditions affords nanoclusters of Ag, Cu, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, or Ru which are highly dispersed throughout the bulk of the xerogel matrix. Characterization of these nanocomposite materials by TEM, EDS, XRD, and electron diffraction indicates that the metal nanoclusters are highly crystalline. A visible spectrum of the silver nanocomposite shows the expected surface plasmon resonance near 415 nm.