cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Racial and ethnic differences in mental health service utilization in suicidal adults: A nationally representative study.

Abstract The current study examined racial/ethnic differences in utilization of mental health services in a nationally representative sample of suicidal adults. Data were extracted from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) from 2009 to 2016. Participants consisted of adults with severe suicidal ideation and/or behavior in the past 12 months (unweighted n = 17,338). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess racial/ethnic differences in mental health treatment utilization after adjusting for health insurance status, family income, age, sex, and major depression. Analyses were conducted separately for suicidal ideators with no attempts (i. e., “pure” ideators; unweighted n = 14,578) and for suicide attempters (unweighted n = 2760) for psychiatric inpatient and outpatient care, respectively. Racial/ethnic disparities in mental health treatment utilization were less apparent for inpatient care and most evident for outpatient care. For inpatient care, no racial/ethnic differences were observed among suicidal ideators with no attempts. Among suicide attempters, only Hispanics were less likely than non-Hispanic whites to receive inpatient care. In contrast, for outpatient care, treatment use was lower for all racial ethnic minorities, except Native American and multiracial individuals, relative to non-Hispanic whites among suicidal ideators with no attempts. Outpatient service use was also lower for non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and multiracial individuals relative to non-Hispanic whites among suicide attempters. This pattern of findings is consistent with the possibility that suicidal racial/ethnic minorities may delay use of mental health services until clinical severity becomes such that elevated clinical care (i.e., inpatient treatment) is required. Future research accounting for these disparities is warranted.
Trial design and methodology for a non-restricted sequential multiple assignment randomized trial to evaluate combinations of perinatal interventions to optimize women's health.

Abstract Pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) independently predict negative maternal and child health outcomes. To date, however, interventions that target GWG have not produced lasting improvements in maternal weight or health at 12-months postpartum. Given that interventions solely aimed at addressing GWG may not equip women with the skills needed for postpartum weight management, interventions that address health behaviors over the perinatal period might maximize maternal health in the first postpartum year. Thus, the current study leveraged a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) design to evaluate sequences of prenatal (i.e., during pregnancy) and postpartum lifestyle interventions that optimize maternal weight, cardiometabolic health, and psychosocial outcomes at 12-months postpartum. Pregnant women (N = 300; ≤16 weeks pregnant) with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) are being recruited. Women are randomized to intervention or treatment as usual on two occasions: (1) early in pregnancy, and (2) prior to delivery, resulting in four intervention sequences. Intervention during pregnancy is designed to moderate GWG and introduce skills for management of weight as a chronic condition, while intervention in the postpartum period addresses weight loss. The primary outcome is weight at 12-months postpartum and secondary outcomes include variables of cardiometabolic health and psychosocial well-being. Analyses will evaluate the combination of prenatal and postpartum lifestyle interventions that optimizes maternal weight and secondary outcomes at 12-months postpartum. Optimizing the sequence of behavioral interventions to address specific needs during pregnancy and the first postpartum year can maximize intervention potency and mitigate longer-term cardiometabolic health risks for women.
Quadricuspid Aortic Valve: A Rare and Incidental Finding.

A quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is an exceedingly rare congenital heart anomaly with around 200 cases reported in the literature since the first case was reported in 1862. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been any case of QAV associated with pregnancy. We report a case of a 29-year-old female with new-onset palpitations, diagnosed with QAV and mild aortic regurgitation during pregnancy. The patient presented with new-onset intermittent palpitations at the 37th week of pregnancy. Electrocardiogram (EKG) showed normal sinus rhythm, and transthoracic echocardiography revealed a quadricuspid aortic valve with three equal-sized cusps and one smaller cusp and mild aortic regurgitation without any additional anomalies. QAV morphology falls under the category type b Hurwitz & Roberts classification. She underwent normal vaginal delivery without any peripartum cardiac complications. In conclusion, QAV is a rare congenital anomaly. It is not uncommon to be associated with aortopathies. The presence of QAV and associated anomalies in pregnancy makes it a high-risk state. Close monitoring, especially during the second and third trimesters, remain of utmost importance. Because of its rarity, the characteristics, natural history, and long-term outcomes of QAV are poorly defined.
Agency, Authenticity, and Parody in Palestinian Hip Hop

Throughout the discourse surrounding the Israel-Palestine conflict many methods have emerged to examine the ways in which artists engage with the issues through popular culture. As hip hop spread globally, its universal themes and ability to constitute community led to the use of rap as a vehicle for political commentary. This paper explores how the Palestinian hip hop group DAM provides a commentary on the experiences of Palestinian-Israelis through carnivalesque methods to create shocking juxtapositions. Using an inter-textual method, we can see that humor allows DAM to freely speak “their truth,” defusing tensions and providing a new perspective on the conflict, opening dialogue, and regaining control over a painful history. This case study raises questions of authenticity, agency, and parody in hip hop. The genre blurs the threshold of true and false and allows artists to present a conventional hip hop persona, giving them the freedom to safely comment on social issues. Humor allows for further political commentary under the facade of a joke. By parodying painful racial, gender, and class stereotypes, artists reclaim their identity and further subvert prejudices against them. This case study challenges the notion of what protest music looks like, and how it functions to promote change.
Coexisting Ordered States, Local Equilibrium-like Domains, and Broken Ergodicity in a Non-turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard Convection at Steady-state

A challenge in fundamental physics and especially in thermodynamics is to understand emergent order in far-from-equilibrium systems. While at equilibrium, temperature plays the role of a key thermodynamic variable whose uniformity in space and time defines the equilibrium state the system is in, this is not the case in a far-from-equilibrium driven system. When energy flows through a finite system at steady-state, temperature takes on a time-independent but spatially varying character. In this study, the convection patterns of a Rayleigh-Benard fluid cell at steady-state is used as a prototype system where the temperature profile and fluctuations are measured spatio-temporally. The thermal data is obtained by performing high-resolution real-time infrared calorimetry on the convection system as it is first driven out-of-equilibrium when the power is applied, achieves steady-state, and then as it gradually relaxes back to room temperature equilibrium when the power is removed. Our study provides new experimental data on the non-trivial nature of thermal fluctuations when stable complex convective structures emerge. The thermal analysis of these convective cells at steady-state further yield local equilibrium-like statistics. In conclusion, these results correlate the spatial ordering of the convective cells with the evolution of the system's temperature manifold.
Nursing Home Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective:To help older adults living in nursing homes (NHs) while educating medical and physician assistant (MD/PA) students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Using a multicomponent iterative p...
On the limit of proton-coupled electronic doping in a Ti(iv)-containing MOF.

TiIV-containing metal–organic frameworks are known to accumulate electrons in their conduction bands, accompanied by protons, when irradiated in the presence of alcohols. The archetypal system, MIL-125, was recently shown to reach a limit of 2e− per Ti8 octomeric node. However, the origin of this limit and the broader applicability of this unique chemistry relies not only on the presence of TiIV, but also access to inorganic inner-sphere Lewis basic anions in the MOF nodes. Here, we study the loading of protons and electrons in MIL-125, and assess the thermodynamic limit of doping these materials. We find that the limit is determined by the reduction potential of protons: in high charging regimes the MOF exceeds the H+/H2 potential. Generally, we offer the design principle that inorganic anions in MOF nodes can host adatomic protons, which may stabilize meta-stable low valent transition metals. This approach highlights the unique chemistry afforded by MOFs built from inorganic clusters, and provides one avenue to developing novel catalytic scaffolds for hydrogen evolution and transfer hydrogenation.
Volatility Forecasting and Liquidity: Large Sample Evidence Using Individual Stocks

We find that, on average, for the full sample of stocks comprising the S&P 100 index, the theoretically superior implied volatilities are less accurate forecasts than historically based forecasts of future volatilities. However, when we split our sample based on proxies for liquidity, such as market capitalization, option trading volume, and stock trading volume, we find that implied volatility forecasts are more accurate than historical volatility forecasts for more liquid stocks, and the reverse is true for the subsample of less liquid stocks. Additionally, we document that among historical measures, Parkinson's extreme value estimator and the adjusted mean absolute deviation are more accurate than the alternative historical estimators. Overall, our results suggest that for high liquidity stocks, the implied volatility measure is likely to provide a more accurate forecast of future volatility but for low liquidity stocks Parkinson's extreme value estimator and the adjusted mean absolute deviation using historical prices are likely to provide the best forecasts.
Interactions Between Climate Change and Air Pollution

“The climate of Earth is changing. Climatologists are confident that over the past century, the global average surface temperature has increased by about half a degree Celsius. This warming is thought to be at least partly the result of human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and the clearing of forest for agriculture. As the global population grows and national economies expand, the global average temperature is expected to continue increasing by an additional 1.0 to 3.5 C by the year 2100. Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing humankind.” The introductory statement is from a recent article on climate change (Melillo, 1999).
Symbolic Computation: Past, Present and Future

During the past decade, symbolic computation has become an important problem solving tool for many algebraic calculations in physics and engineering. In this paper, we describe the nature of the field along with some of the characteristics of presently available symbolic computation systems. Some typical applications to physical problems are then considered. Analytic integration by computer is also discussed. We conclude with some considerations about the future of the field.
Einige neuere Beobachtungen über den Aminosäuren- und Protein-Stoffwechsel in der isoliert perfundierten Leber

Bevor ich auf mein eigentliches Thema zu sprechen komme, mochte ich nicht versaumen, der Deutschen Biochemischen Gesellschaft fur die Einladung zu diesem Symposium zu danken. Ich finde es eine ausgezeichnete Idee, Vertreter der verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen, die mit dieser vielseitigen Methode der Leberperfusion arbeiten, zu versammeln und ihnen so zu ermoglichen, ihre Erfahrungen auszutauschen. Mein Dank gebuhrt auch Herrn Kade, dem Leiter der Max Kade Foundation, New York, der mir durch eine groszugige Beihilfe die Reise von Amerika ermoglicht hat. Die Arbeiten, uber die ich Ihnen nun berichte, sind zusammen mit Dr. Paul Cloutier und Dr. David John durchgefuhrt worden, und ich mochte ihnen auch an dieser Stelle fur ihre Mitarbeit danken.
Multi-objective Lyapunov-based control of a STATCOM/BESS

Motivated by the need for systematic control design methods in smart power grids, this paper proposes a novel Multi-Objective Lyapunov-Based nonlinear controller for a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) integrated with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). The proposed controller guarantees transient stability of a generator as well as regulation of its terminal voltage during transients and zero real power exhange of the STATCOM/BESS with the grid in steady-state. First, we derive the decoupled real (P) and reactive power (Q) controller using a Control Lyapunov Function (CLF) and the Backstepping method. By using the derived controller and a proper membership function we derive a Multi-Objective controller that additionally regulates the STATCOM/BESS real current output to zero after the transients. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller against a benchmark controller on the modified IEEE 14 bus system during a critical contingency scenario.
Frequency-Domain Filtering

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Fourier Transform: the Mathematical Foundation Low-pass Filtering High-pass Filtering Tutorial 11.1: 2D Fourier Transform Tutorial 11.2: Low-pass Filters in the Frequency Domain Tutorial 11.3: High-pass Filters in the Frequency Domain Problems ]]>
Nutrient Supplements Contribute to the Dietary Intake of Middle- and Older-Aged Adult Residents of Beaver Dam, Wisconsin

Intake of macronutrients and micronutrients was estimated from a diet history questionnaire in a population-based sample of persons (n = 2152), 43-86 y of age. Men and women 65 y of age or older consumed less protein, fat, cholesterol, niacin, riboflavin, calcium, iron, zinc and lycopene than their middle-aged counterparts. After including nutrient intake from supplements, age differences in intake were no longer significant for zinc in women or for niacin and iron in men. After further adjusting for energy intake, only protein, cholesterol, and lycopene mean intakes were lower in older compared with middle-aged men and women. Regular use of supplements was most prevalent among older men and women (40 and 48%, respectively). Supplement use was greater in the current time period compared with retrospective reports of supplement use 10 y before interview. The impact of supplement intake on median values of intake was greatest in women, particularly for vitamins A, C and E, riboflavin and calcium. The high prevalence of supplement use emphasizes the importance of considering this source of nutrients in future investigations in which dietary intake is measured.
Aortic insufficiency: Indications for surgery in children.

The goals of surgery in children with chronic aortic insufficiency are to prevent irreversible left ventricular dysfunction and to provide for long-term survival. In the past, surgical options included placement of a mechanical valve, a porcine bioprosthesis, or an aortic valve homograft. Complications from these options include thromboembolism, prosthetic valve endocarditis, limited durability, and lack of growth potential. The increasing utilization of the Ross procedure to treat chronic aortic insufficiency has led to new interest in the question of when to operate on a regurgitant aortic valve. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of aortic insufficiency and the invasive and noninvasive preoperative indices that may indicate the optimal time for aortic valve surgery in the pediatric population.
Fault detection and diagnosis in manufacturing systems: a behavioral model approach

An approach to online fault detection and diagnosis in automated manufacturing systems with discrete controls and sensing is described. The approach is based on the concept of behavioural models of the individual system components. These models, which can be developed while the system is being designed, characterize the responses of the devices in the system to arbitrary input signals over the range of acceptable operating conditions. The expected flow of signals through the system, from control inputs to sensor outputs, is captured in the behavioural model dynamics. This model provides the basis for online fault detection by generating expected system response signals which are compared online, in real-time, to the actual sensor signals from the system. Fault diagnosis is accomplished by maintaining a current set of operational assumptions which identify the system components which could cause deviations from the expected behavior. >
WARRAMOU’S CURSE: EPIC, DECADENCE, AND THE COLONIAL WEST INDIES

Despite the recent revival of interest in the Victorian epic, poems from the colonial periphery have played only a small role in the revised narrative of the epic's persistence across the nineteenth century. Part of the explanation for this may lie in the centralized imperial geography of the archives that inspired both nineteenth-century scholars and epoists. As Adelene Buckland and Anna Vaninskaya remark, “Britain was certainly the place to be for a nineteenth-century aficionado of epic poetry” (163). While scholars flocked to Oxford, Cambridge, the British Museum, and the Bodleian Library to pour over the texts of Gilgamesh or old Icelandic sagas, a number of nineteenth-century poets began to see the epic itself as a tool for excavating a more geographically and archeologically localized national story. As Simon Dentith notes, “the nationalism of the nineteenth century seized upon epics – especially the old vernacular primary epics . . . and made them an expression of the national spirit ( Epic 67). William Morris's Sigurd the Volsung , for example, revives the mythology of the Old North to make a “Great Story” for the race of northern Europeans what the “Tale of Troy was to the Greeks” (Dentith, “Morris” 239).
Electrophysiological characterization of spinal neuron sensitization by elevated calcium channel alpha-2-delta-1 subunit protein.

Background Voltage-gated calcium channel α2δ1 subunit is the binding site for gabapentin, an effective drug in controlling neuropathic pain states including thermal hyperalgesia. Hyperalgesia to noxious thermal stimuli in both spinal nerve-ligated (SNL) and voltage-gated calcium channel α2δ1 overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice correlates with higher α2δ1 levels in dorsal root ganglia and dorsal spinal cord. In this study, we investigated whether abnormal synaptic transmission is responsible for thermal hyperalgesia induced by elevated α2δ1 expression in these models. Methods Behavioural sensitivities to thermal stimuli were test in L4 SNL and sham mice, as well as in α2δ1 Tg and wild-type mice. Miniature excitatory (mEPSC) and inhibitory (mIPSC) post-synaptic currents were recorded in superficial dorsal spinal cord neurons from these models using whole-cell patch clamp slice recording techniques. Results The frequency, but not amplitude, of mEPSC in superficial dorsal horn neurons was increased in SNL and α2δ1 Tg mice, which could be attenuated by gabapentin dose dependently. Intrathecal α2δ1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treatment diminished increased mEPSC frequency and gabapentin's inhibitory effects in elevated mEPSC frequency in the SNL mice. In contrast, neither the frequency nor the amplitude of mIPSC was altered in superficial dorsal horn neurons from the SNL and α2δ1 Tg mice. Conclusions Our findings support a role of peripheral nerve injury-induced α2δ1 in enhancing pre-synaptic excitatory input onto superficial dorsal spinal cord neurons that contributes to nociception development.
Tyrosine supplementation in phenylketonuria: diurnal blood tyrosine levels and presumptive brain influx of tyrosine and other large neutral amino acids.

Abstract Tyrosine supplementation has not consistently been found to improve neuropsychologic function in phenylketonuria (PKU), possibly because of failure to achieve adequate levels of tyrosine in the brain. Objectives: To evaluate blood levels achieved after tyrosine supplementation in treated PKU and calculate brain influxes of tyrosine and other large neutral amino acids before and with tyrosine supplementation. Study design: Ten subjects with PKU receiving a phenylalanine-restricted diet were studied over 48 hours; each received tyrosine supplementation (300 mg/kg) on day 2. Plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine were measured every 2 hours, and all free amino acids were measured every 6 hours. Brain influxes of tyrosine and other large neutral amino acids were calculated. Results: Plasma tyrosine levels were low normal at baseline. With supplementation there was a substantial but unsustained rise in plasma tyrosine. Calculated brain influx of tyrosine was 27% ± 19% of normal before supplementation, increasing to 90% ± 58% of normal with supplementation. Nevertheless, calculated influx remained less than 70% of normal at 50% of the time points. The calculated brain influxes of all other large neutral amino acids except tryptophan were 20% to 40% of normal before and with tyrosine supplementation. Conclusions: Tyrosine supplementation in the diet for PKU produces marked but nonsustained increases in plasma tyrosine levels, with calculated brain influx that often remains suboptimal. This could explain the lack of consistent neuropsychologic benefit with tyrosine supplementation. (J Pediatr 2001;139:421-7)
Structure of Rb:C60 compounds.

We report x-ray-diffraction studies on ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ samples of nominal composition ranging from x=1.5 to 6. After six weeks of annealing at 200 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, we observe well-defined stoichiometric compounds ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{\mathit{n}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ with n=0 (pure ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$), 3, 4, and 6, and refine the corresponding face-centered cubic, body-centered tetragonal, and body-centered cubic structures. Evidence is found for a fifth compound as well. The n=3 and 6 structures are analogous to the corresponding ${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathit{n}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ compounds.
Ecosystem respiration and its components in an old-growth forest in the Great Lakes region of the United States

Ecosystem respiration and its components are sensitive to age, species, stand structure, and environmental conditions, and substantially influence net ecosystem productivity. We measured ecosystem respiration and component respiration including soil, woody debris, stem and leaf respiration in old-growth hardwood-dominated and hemlock-dominated stands in northern Michigan, USA in 2002 and 2003. Respiration was mainly controlled by temperature, peaked in July‐August and reached minimums in January‐March. Total ecosystem respiration averaged 1013 g C m � 2 y � 1 in the hardwood stand and 922 g C m � 2 y � 1 in the hemlock stand. Cumulative annual soil respiration, coarse woody debris respiration, stem respiration, and leaf respiration were 724, 43, 131, 115 g C m � 2 y � 1 , respectively, accounting for 72%, 4%, 13%, and 11% of total ecosystem respiration in the hardwood stand, and 614, 29, 207, 72 g C m � 2 y � 1 , respectively, accounting for 67%, 3%, 22%,
Hemoglobin α in the blood vessel wall

Hemoglobin has been studied and well characterized in red blood cells for over 100 years. However, new work has indicated that the hemoglobin α subunit (Hbα) is also found within the blood vessel wall, where it appears to localize at the myoendothelial junction (MEJ) and plays a role in regulating nitric oxide (NO) signaling between endothelium and smooth muscle. This discovery has created a new paradigm for the control of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, nitric oxide diffusion, and, ultimately, vascular tone and blood pressure. This review discusses the current knowledge of hemoglobin׳s properties as a gas exchange molecule in the bloodstream and extrapolates the properties of Hbα biology to the MEJ signaling domain. Specifically, we propose that Hbα is present at the MEJ to regulate NO release and diffusion in a restricted physical space, which would have powerful implications for the regulation of blood flow in peripheral resistance arteries.
Metabolism of C14 labelled beta-carotene in the rat.

SummaryFeeding of C14 labelled carotene resulted in the deposition of approximately 1.5% of absorbed C14 into liver vit. A. In the total animal an average of about 15% of the absorbed C14 went into fatty acids, and 40% into non-saponifiable material. An average of about 5% of the absorbed C14 was found in the expired CO2. Approximately 40% of the absorbed C14 remains to be accounted for.
Au/(Ti—W) and Au/Cr metallization of chemically vapor-deposited diamond substrates for multichip module applications

Abstract Since diamond obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has an extremely high thermal conductivity, it holds great promise in solving thermal management problems in high performance multichip modules (MCMs). Consequently, there is a need to develop a reliable metallization system for CVD diamond. Refractory metals such as Ti, Mo, Ta and W are known to form adhering carbide layers at high temperatures. Also, transition metals such as Cr, Ni and Ni—Cr are widely used in other MCM technologies involving Si, AlN, SiC and alumina substrates. In the work reported here, adherent Au/Cr and Au/(Ti—W) metallization systems were produced at low temperatures using d.c. magnetron sputtering and electron beam evaporation techniques. Adhesion at low temperature is essential since CVD diamond could lose its thermal and electrical properties at high temperatures. Furthermore, interaction between metal layers may cause an increase in conductor trace resistivity and delamination. Adhesion was measured using a Sebastian V-A thin film stud pull tester. The deposition parameters were optimized to give maximum adhesion using a statistical design software package, Echip . In the case of the sputtered metallization, pre-sputter cleaning of diamond surface improved adhesion significantly. Values above 9 klbf in −2 were obtained in the case of Au/(Ti—W) and 11.8 klbf in −2 in the case of Au/Cr. Post-deposition annealing was performed in nitrogen ambient to investigate the effect of post-metallization processing on adhesion and also to test for any possible interaction between the metals at high temperatures. Annealing temperatures were limited to 450 °C since MCM substrates are seldom exposed to temperatures higher than these. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis indicated outdiffusion of W through Au at 400 °C. No interdiffusion was observed in the case of Au/Cr as per optical microscopy and EDS analysis. Auger electron spectroscopy results indicate interaction between the metals in both Au/(Ti—W) and Au/Cr metallizations at 450 °C.
Antimicrobial activity of RU-66647, a new ketolide

A new macrolide subclass called ketolides, possess a mode of action similar to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) compounds. Utilizing reference in vitro tests, the in vitro activity of RU-66647 (a ketolide) was compared to other MLS compounds against 376 Gram-positive organisms and over 400 representative strains of Gram-negative bacilli. The ketolide's spectrum was most similar to clindamycin and an earlier drug in the series (RU-64004 or RU-004) against staphylococci and streptococci. However, RU-66647 was more active than erythromycin and azithromycin against oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Ketolide activity was more potent than other MLS drugs against vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (MIC90, 0.25-4 micrograms/ml) and all streptococci (MICs, < or = 0.25 microgram/ml). Erythromycin-resistant (constitutive) strains were generally inhibited by < or = 2 micrograms RU-66647/ml (staphylococci, 31 to 36%; streptococci, 100%; enterococci, 72%). RU-66647 was active against Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90, 2 micrograms/ml), Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC90, 0.12 microgram/ml), and pathogenic Neisseria spp. (MIC90 0.5 microgram/ml). The ketolide failed to inhibit Enterobacteriaceae, nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli, and Bacteriodes fragilis group strains. RU-66647 was observed to be a promising new compound directed toward some organisms resistant to other MLS-class drugs.
Bryde's whale seasonal range expansion and increasing presence in the Southern California Bight from 2000 to 2010

Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera edeni) are commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Pacific Ocean, but few studies have explored the presence of Bryde's whales at the boundary of their distribution range. Such studies are increasingly relevant as climate impact models predict the range expansion of warm water species towards the poles in response to ocean warming. Like other baleen whales, Bryde's whales produce distinct low frequency (<60 Hz) calls, which can be used for long-term acoustic monitoring of whale presence in an area. Autonomous passive acoustic recorders deployed at five sites in the Southern California Bight (SCB) were used to investigate the presence of Bryde's whales in temperate waters from 2000 to 2010. Calling Bryde's whales were observed in the SCB from summer to early winter, indicating a seasonal poleward range expansion. There was a significant increase in the presence of calling Bryde's whales in the SCB between 2000 and 2010, but no significant correlation was found between Bryde's whale presence and local sea surface temperature. Bryde's whale occurrence is likely driven by prey availability within the California Current ecosystem, which is affected by seasonal and inter-annual changes in climate and oceanographic conditions. Continued monitoring of Bryde's whales and their prey in the eastern North Pacific is needed to provide a longer time series and determine the full effect of climate variability and ocean warming on the distribution of this species.
An Unusual Case of Transient Psychosis from Ehrlichia Infection

The incidence of Ehrlichia infection has been increasing since it was first discovered in 1986. Ehrlichia is transmitted by ticks and is endemic to many areas of the United States. Patients with symptoms of Ehrlichia may present to their primary care provider or an emergency department. The authors describe the case of a 50-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with transient ischemic attack in the emergency department after experiencing facial and unilateral extremity weakness. Imaging studies were persistently negative for brain abnormality. She followed up with her primary physician with persistent symptoms, which began to include hallucinations. She was diagnosed with Ehrlichia infection through laboratory studies. This patient was treated with doxycycline therapy for three weeks and has not had a recurrence of symptoms. The diagnosis of ehrlichiosis needs to be considered in the differential for patients with neurologic and/or psychiatric symptoms, especially in areas of the country where tick-borne illnesses are endemic.
A comprehensive examination of protein sequences for evidence of internal gene duplication

We have implemented a routine procedure for screening protein sequences for evidence of intragenic duplications. We tested 163 protein sequences representing 116 superfamilies of unrelated proteins. Twenty superfamilies contain proteins with internal gene duplications. The intragenic duplications detected can be divided into two major types. (1) One or more duplications of all or part of a gene produce a protein with two or several detectable regions of sequence homology. Sequences from 18 superfamilies contained this type of duplication. (2) Repeated reduplication of a small DNA segment can produce a protein that is repetitive over most of its length. Three superfamilies contain such repetitive sequences. We also investigated the limits of detection of ancient duplications using sequences derived by random mutation of a model sequence consisting of ten 10-residue repeats. The original repetitive nature of the sequence was usually detected after 250 point mutations even though the ancestral segment could not be accurately reconstructed.
Sin3a acts through a multi-gene module to regulate invasion in Drosophila and human tumors.

Sin3a acts through a multi-gene module to regulate invasion in Drosophila and human tumors
A neurophysiological approach as a tool to study the effect of drugs on the central nervous system. III. Effect of prostaglandin on seven brain sites.

Abstract Electrophysiological studies of the effects of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) on the ventromedial hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamus, medial forebrain bundle, basolateral amygdala, anterior hypothalamus, inferior colliculus, and caudate nucleus were carried out in freely behaving rats. Permanent semimicroelectrodes were stereotaxically implanted in the above sites allowing the averaged sensory evoked responses to be recorded simultaneously both before and after the administration of 30 μg/kg dmPGE2 or its carrier solution, EtOHNaHCO3. All structures, with the exception of the inferior colliculus and caudate nucleus, demonstrated significant changes, both in the overall responsiveness and in the direction of response, in rats treated with dmPGE2 compared to those receiving the EtOHNaHCO3 mixture alone.
Effect of Plastic Prestrain on High Cycle Fatigue of Ti–6Al–4V

Abstract The effect of initial plastic strain on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) lives of smooth cylindrical Ti–6Al–4V specimens is investigated. Specimens were monotonically, quasi-statically loaded under strain control in tension to produce plastic strains from 1% to 5% and under load control in compression to produce 9.5% plastic strain. A step-loading technique was then employed to establish the 106 or 107 cycle fatigue limit stress under load control conditions for stress ratios of R=0.1, 0.5 and 0.8 at frequencies of either f=50 or 400 Hz. Results are compared with baseline fatigue limit stresses for Ti–6Al–4V without prior plastic strain. Initial plastic prestrain in both tension and compression resulted in a small reduction in the fatigue limit at R=0.1, while a lesser reduction was exhibited at higher stress ratios in terms of maximum stress.
The asymptotic distribution of the maxima of a Gaussian random field on a lattice

Under mild conditions on the covariance function of a stationary Gaussian process, the maxima behaves asymptotically the same as the maxima of independent, identically distributed Gaussian random variables. In order to achieve extremal clustering, Hsing et al. (Ann Appl Probab 6:671–686, 1996) considered a triangular array of Gaussian sequences in which the correlation between “neighboring” observations approaches 1 at a certain rate. Using analogues of the conditions of Hsing et al., which allows for strong local dependence among variables but asymptotic independence, it is possible to show that two-dimensional Gaussian random fields also exhibit extremal clustering in the limit. A closed form expression for the extremal index governing the clustering will be provided. The results apply to Gaussian random fields in which the spatial domain is rescaled.
Intelligent Vehicle Mobility Tcl Script Generator for NS-2 Simulation

Tcl scripts are widely used in NS-2 simulation tool. Researchers use Tcl scripts to set up a wired or wireless communication network, and then run these scripts via the NS-2 for getting the simulation results. The authors have developed a new Tcl script generator tool, named My Tool, to permit users create Tcl scripts file in a direct and easy manner. This tool has an important impact on avoiding many accidental syntax errors as well as reducing the number of command lines. The focus of this paper is on the Tcl script generator, its development and its application.
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome and T-cryptantigen exposure by neuraminidase-producing pneumococci: an emerging problem?

Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure form a constellation of complications observed in patients infected with neuraminidase-producing pneumo-cocci. The circulating enzyme causes exposure of the T-cryptantigen on cell surfaces to which most people possess a naturally occurring antibody. Antigen-antibody interaction activates effector systems that lead to the clinical manifestations. The syndrome is most frequently seen in infants, in whom it carries more than a 50% mortality rate. T-cryptantigen activation can be detected by demonstrating red cell agglutination by the peanut lectin Arachis hypogea. Plasma exchange and avoidance of blood products containing immunoglobins are of value in the management of this devastating complication of pneumococcal infeciton.
Diagnosis of Personality Disorder: A Radical Behavioral Alternative

From a radical behavioral perspective, a single diagnostic system is unlikely to serve diverse purposes. Instead, ideal diagnostic systems should be developed to serve specific purposes. For example, the crucial proof required of a classification system designed to improve the outcome of psychosocial intervention would be that it enhance the clinician's influence on processes associated with client change. This means, in turn, that the change processes must be known or theoretically specified. As an illustration of this general approach to diagnostic classification, a specific behavioral theory is used to articulate processes of change in psychotherapy. The Axis II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) is then evaluated with respect to its ability to enhance clinicians' influence of these processes, found problematic, and an alternative classification criterion is proposed. In many ways, the title of this article is self-contradi ctory. Radical behaviorists generally do not diagnose (in the tradition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; e.g., 4th ed.; DSM-IV* American Psychiatric Association 1994), nor do they typically use the term disorder. Furthermore, they reject the notion of a personality "structure." This perhaps accounts for the relative absence of writings on personality disorder from a radical behavioral perspective. However, contemporary behaviorists use behaviorism as a means of understanding and promoting integration of methods and concepts used in other theoretical systems (Jacobson, 1991, 1992; Kohlenberg, Tsai, & Dougher, 1993), and a leading behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder has distinct radical behavioral overtones (Linehan, 1993). Radical behaviorism's outsider position has the potential to yield a different view of the topic of diagnosis and personality disorders and perhaps provide some insights and solutions to problems. In this article, we use a radical behavioral approach to understand diagnosis and to specify the essential criteria of an ideal diagnostic system. We then evaluate concepts used in Axis II classification in light of what we view as the essential purpose of classification and offer suggestions for improving the system.
LRP6 in mesenchymal stem cells is required for bone formation during bone growth and bone remodeling

Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) plays a critical role in skeletal development and homeostasis in adults. However, the role of LRP6 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), skeletal stem cells that give rise to osteoblastic lineage, is unknown. In this study, we generated mice lacking LRP6 expression specifically in nestin(+) MSCs by crossing nestin-Cre mice with LRP6(flox) mice and investigated the functional changes of bone marrow MSCs and skeletal alterations. Mice with LRP6 deletion in nestin(+) cells demonstrated reductions in body weight and body length at 1 and 3 months of age. Bone architecture measured by microCT (µCT) showed a significant reduction in bone mass in both trabecular and cortical bone of homozygous and heterozygous LRP6 mutant mice. A dramatic reduction in the numbers of osteoblasts but much less significant reduction in the numbers of osteoclasts was observed in the mutant mice. Osterix(+) osteoprogenitors and osteocalcin(+) osteoblasts significantly reduced at the secondary spongiosa area, but only moderately decreased at the primary spongiosa area in mutant mice. Bone marrow MSCs from the mutant mice showed decreased colony forming, cell viability and cell proliferation. Thus, LRP6 in bone marrow MSCs is essential for their survival and proliferation, and therefore, is a key positive regulator for bone formation during skeletal growth and remodeling.
Threshold Measurements For Character Jitter On Video Display Terminals

Increasing the refresh frequency of a video display terminal above the line frequency can create character jitter due to interference between the line frequency and refresh frequency. We measured threshold for character jitter on high luminance, positive polarity displays for a range of differences between line and refresh frequency (difference frequencies or DFs). The results indicate an average threshold of about 17 arc sec for a range of DFs. The function relating threshold amplitude to DF is independent of line frequency and closely resembles the results of displacement threshold studies. This suggests that the detection of character jitter is very similar to the hyperacuity task of detecting the minimal displacement of a single line. This implies that jitter threshold will be effected in the same fashion by such variables as blur, luminance and presence or absence of reference lines.
Phylogenetic analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading mycobacteria by 16S rRNA sequencing

Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 was previously isolated in our laboratory and was shown to be able to mineralize high molecular mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [Heitkamp and Cerniglia, (1988) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 1612–1614]. In this research, the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) of this strain was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and directly sequenced by cycle sequencing method. We compared this sequence with all known mycobacterial 16S rDNA sequences available from GenBank and found that Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 16S rDNA differs from the other mycobacteria, especially in the region of nucleotides 168–200 (in the Escherichia coli numbering system). Using the 16S rDNA sequences of the mycobacteria, a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The data from the phylogenetic tree and similarity values suggest that Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 is closer to M. aurum and M. vaccae. Using the same approach, we also determined the 16S rDNA from an another PAH-degrading Mycobacterium sp. PAH135, isolated by Grosser and colleagues (1991) (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 3462–3469). Mycobacterium sp. PAH135 was found to be closer to M. aichiense, and different from our Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1.
AODVH: Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing for Hybrid Nodes

Ad hoc networks are characterized by nodes which are usually connected by low data rate Radio Frequency (RF) links when compared to optical links. RF links make it challenging for transmitting video and running high bandwidth applications over ad hoc networks. The objective of this paper is to develop a novel routing protocol for Ad hoc networks consisting of hybrid nodes using high bandwidth Free Space Optical (FSO) and RF links, with FSO being the primary link and RF as backup in case of FSO link failures. Our protocol, called Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector hybrid (AODVH), computes multiple "FSO only" paths to ensure high data rate communication, and uses "hybrid paths" consisting of FSO and RF links as backups. AODVH can be used to design a rapidly deployable, reliable and high bandwidth communication infrastructure for re-establishing communication following a disaster. We evaluate the performance of AODVH using ns-2 simulations and compare with three other Ad hoc routing protocols. Results show that AODVH performs better in terms of packet loss, end-to-end delay, overhead, packet delivery ratio, route discovery frequency and throughput when compared to the other three protocols.
Stabilization of high nitrile polymers. I. Effect of dienophilic compounds

The effect of certain stabilizers on the discoloration of high nitrile polymers is discussed in terms of an in situ Diels-Alder reaction. Dienophiles react with cis azadienes formed during thermal degradation of the nitrile polymer to interrupt conjugated sequences prior to oxidative chromophore formation. Several nondienophilic additives decompose upon heating to release a strong dienophile that stabilizes the polymer.
Fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected adults: Prospective analysis of 435 liver biopsy pairs

Due to shared modes of transmission, 15-30% of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV).1,2 In the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), chronic HCV infection leads to progressive liver disease, resulting in end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma and death in some, but not all coinfected patients.3-5 While the variable progression of HCV disease is well recognized, the rate and risk factors for progressive liver disease in HIV/HCV coinfected patients are incompletely understood. Several studies conducted shortly after the availability of highly active ART suggest that effective treatment of HIV may be associated with decreased risk of liver disease progression. 6-10 However, the contributions of other potentially modifiable (e.g., obesity) and unmodifiable (e.g., age) factors to the worsening of hepatic fibrosis have not been determined. Greater understanding of such factors may have important implications for the clinical management of HIV/HCV coinfected patients. For example, current HCV treatment guidelines for HIV-infected patients recommend treatment of those patients at the greatest risk for developing liver disease. Some, but not all, expert guidelines recommend HCV treatment for HIV-infected patients independent of biopsy stage based on an assumption of rapidly progressive disease in this population.11-17 The identification of factors associated with progression may help to refine clinical decision-making as well as identify potentially modifiable exposures. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for fibrosis progression in a prospective cohort of coinfected adults who underwent serial liver biopsy with the aim of identifying coinfected patients with no or minimal fibrosis who are at risk for progressive liver disease over a relatively short period of time.