cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Guest Editorial: Fire Safety in Mines

Fires in underground mines pose unique problems typically not encountered in other industries. The underground tunnels and entries may be lined with coal or heavily laden with wood for support providing an almost endless supply of fuel while the forced ventilation airflow provides a constant supply of oxygen to fuel the fires that occur while, at the same time, transporting smoke and toxic gases to distances far-removed from the affected fire area. Other fuels exist such as conveyor belts or liquid diesel fuel that may also contribute to the overall fire hazard if consumed as part of a spreading fire. Fires in mines may often be of spontaneous origin when coal is oxidized resulting in self-heating and a smoldering fire that is difficult to prevent and to control. To address these types of fires, Pandey et al. [1] describe the development of chemical retardants that can inhibit, if not prevent, the oxidation and subsequent self-heating of coal. Regardless of the type of fire or combustibles involved, escape-ways and means of egress are often limited placing a high burden on early detection and warning systems in order to rapidly start the evacuation and control measures when fire prevention techniques have not been successful. Understanding the characteristics of the smoke and toxic gases produced can aid in the development of better detection and monitoring systems as well as provide a better understanding of the hazards of toxicity and obscuration that mine fires produce. To aid in this understanding, Perera and Litton [2] discuss the results of experiments to define and quantify the physical and optical properties of aerosols produced from both smoldering and flaming fires from a variety of combustible mine materials. When preventive and detection measures are unsuccessful and the resultant large fires cannot be extinguished locally and burn out of control, the common technique in mines is to seal portions of the underground mine and let the fire consume the available oxygen, eventually self-extinguishing. But in underground coal mines, this practice may produce additional problems due to the liberation of methane from the coal strata and while methane/air mixtures in normal air have well-recognized flammability limits, in sealed areas with a depleting supply of oxygen, determining these limits is not often straightforward. In instances such as these, developing techniques to assess the explosibility of the sealed atmosphere becomes of paramount importance. Eventually, when sealed fires are extinguished, the sealed area needs to be recovered and ventilation restored to the affected area.
Dialogue and Solidarity in a Time of Globalization

Forty-two years ago, standing at the base of the Statue of Liberty, President Lyndon Baines Johnson signed the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, ushering in sweeping changes in the immigration policy of the United States. Johnson wanted to sign the act into law in sight of Ellis Island as a dramatic gesture. However, with no little irony, more of America's new immigrants came through Los Angeles International Airport than past Lady Liberty in New York's harbor. The Immigration and Naturalization Act, conceived during the Kennedy administration and passed by Congress during the Johnson era, ended the old quota system that had restricted immigration from Asia since 1924. The act also had the effect of reversing the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. The effects of this legislation in the Los Angeles region have been dramatic. Hsi Lai Temple, to say nothing of the Chinese community it serves, was made possible by the 1965 act. The same can be said of Wat Thai Temple in the North Hollywood neighborhood, which serves Buddhists from Thailand and their U.S.-born children. The 1965 act, however, does not account for Nishi and Higashi Hongan-ji temples in Little Tokyo. These temples have been part of the cultural fabric of Los Angeles for more than one hundred years. Diana Eck, of Harvard University's Pluralism Project, has remarked on numerous occasions that Los Angeles is the most complex Buddhist city in the world. Bangkok and Kyoto may be great Buddhist cities, but they cannot boast of the sheer diversity of Buddhist lineages that have come to Los Angeles to establish the sangha, preach the dharma, and serve the people. After 1965, immigrants came to Los Angeles not only from Taiwan and Thailand, but also from Sri Lanka, Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and Korea, and they brought their Buddhist faith with them. After 1965, Christians came to Los Angeles as wellnot so much from Ireland and Italy, but from the Philippines, Korea, Eritrea,
Control of Chaos Using Sampled-Data Feedback Control

In this paper we present a theory for control of chaotic systems using sampled data. The output of the chaotic system is sampled at a given sampling rate and the sampled output is used by a feedback subsystem to construct a control signal, which is held constant by a holding subsystem. Hence, during each control iteration, the control input remains unchanged. Theoretical results on the asymptotic stability of the resulting controlled chaotic systems are presented. Numerical experimental results via Chua's circuit are used to verify the theoretical results.
Anesthesia for the acute abdomen patient

Patients with acute abdomen often have marked physiologic and pathologic changes, making anesthesia both challenging and potentially hazardous for the patient. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiovascular function under anesthesia and selection of appropriate anesthetic protocols are critical to a successful anesthetic outcome. The goal is to produce anesthesia while minimizing depression of the cardiovascular system. Monitoring and management of acid-base and cardiovascular function serve to ensure appropriate oxygen delivery to the tissues during anesthesia. Postoperative management can significantly influence patient outcome following anesthesic recovery, and must therefore be considered in the anesthetic plan. Finally, pain management in all patients is an important aspect of case management, and should not be overlooked. This article serves to educate the clinician in the above-described areas in regard to the acute abdomen patient.
Influence of topographical variations on reliable via and contact formation

The continuing trend toward smaller device feature sizes and the associated use of high numerical aperture lenses has decreased the depth-of-focus budget available to resolve critical vias. This problem is aggravated by localized topographical variations in device structure, such as double poly capacitors or EEPROM structures, which can induce excessive vertical variation in via height. Such variation places severe demands on the available focus beget, and can result in localized regions of the die experiencing incompletely formed via structures. Topographical variations in device structure can also induce highly isolated and incompletely formed active area contacts as a result of localized resist pooling. In this situation, the topography usually consists of large double poly structures which surround an active area contact, and induce a dramatic variation in resist thickness over the contact area. This can lead to incompletely formed active area contacts and device failure. In both cases, topography play has a key role in inducing these failures mechanisms. This paper presents two case studies: one involving incompletely formed vias due to topographically induced focus failure, and the other a case study involving a EEPROM contact failure caused by topographically induced resists pooling.
Neural control mechanisms and vasovagal syncope

Patients with recurrent unexplained syncope may have cardioinhibitory and vasodepressor responses provokable with head-up tilt with or without exogenous beta-adrenergic stimulation. Although these responses are believed to be neurally mediated, the neural mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Numerous studies have documented peripheral vasodilation, hypotension, and bradycardia at the time of syncope and several case reports have shown sudden withdrawal of vasoconstrictor sympathetic neural outflow to skeletal muscle in human subjects. In cats and rats, a similar response can be provoked with hemorrhage and is prevented by interruption of cardiac vagal C-fiber afferents. In dogs, however, section of these fibers does not prevent the development of a vasodepressor response. The provocation of vasodepressor syncope during nitroprusside infusion in a heart transplant recipient with presumed ventricular denervation also suggests that cardiac afferent nerves may not be required for the development of vasodepressor responses in humans. Other potential mechanisms include release of endogenous opioids or nitric oxide that may inhibit sympathetic nerve firing, and primary central nervous system activation (as in partial seizures) that triggers cardioinhibitory and vasodepressor responses. This article reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of neurally mediated syncope.
A nonessential glycoprotein is coded by early region E3 of adenovirus type 7.

Abstract Ad7 was shown to induce polypeptides of 66,000 daltons (66K), 28K, and 16K during early stages of infection. The 28K could be labeled with [2- 3 H]mannose and it bound to concanavalin A-agarose, indicating that it is a glycoprotein. Neither the glycoprotein nor the 16K polypeptide were induced by a viable early region E3 deletion mutant or an E3 insertion mutant, indicating that the polypeptides are coded by early region E3, and that they are nonessential for growth of Ad7 on cultured KB cells. The Ad7 glycoprotein was compared to the Ad2 E3-coded glycoprotein in terms of size and oligosaccharide linkage. The Ad7 glycoprotein has an apparent molecular weight of 28K versus 25K for the Ad2 glycoprotein, as estimated by SDS-PAGE. The Ad7 glycoprotein and the purified 25K Ad2 glycoprotein were digested with endo-β-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo H) to determine the type of oligosaccharide linkages as well as the apparent molecular weights of the polypeptide chains. Endo H reduced the apparent molecular weights of the Ad7 and Ad2 glycopolypeptides from 28K and 25K, to 17.5K and 19K, respectively. This establishes that both proteins have Asn-linked oligosaccharides of the high-mannose type, and that the Ad7 polypeptide chain is slightly smaller than that of Ad2, 17.5K versus 19K. Thus, the E3s of both Ad7 (group B) and Ad2 (group C) encode glycoproteins that are similar in apparent molecular weight, that have high-mannose oligosaccharides, and that are nonessential for virus growth on cultured KB cells.
Development of large-scale metabolite identification methods for metabolomics

Background Large-scale identification of metabolites is key to elucidating and modeling metabolism at the systems level. Advances in metabolomics technologies, particularly ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry enable comprehensive and rapid analysis of metabolites, which is impractical to achieve by conventional methods. However, a significant barrier to meaningful data interpretation is the identification of a wide range of metabolites including unknowns and the determination of their role(s) in various metabolic networks. Our recent development of chemoselective (CS) probes to tag metabolite functional groups provides additional structural constraints for metabolite identification, but remains limited by the lack of functional groupresolved metabolite databases.
Ultracytochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive K+-dependent, p-nitrophenyl phosphatase in myelin.

Abstract Ouabain-sensitive, K+-dependentp-nitrophenyl phosphatase (K-NPPase) activity was demonstrated ultracytochemically in the myelin of nerve fibers in peripheral and central white matter. Enzyme activity was more prominent in paranodal than compact myelin, and it was absent from nodal and interparanodal axolemma. Since K-NPPase is part of the Na-K ATPase complex, we consider myelin as an important site of the sodium pump and believe that myelin participates in cationic regulation of the nervous tissue.
Development of a Simulation Model Predicting Performance of Reverse Osmosis Batch Systems

Abstract A model describing concentration profiles and performance relationships for the operation of a reverse osmosis system with a spiral-wound membrane module has been developed. The model is an enhancement of a previously proposed treatment and encompasses a discussion of mass transfer relationships and overall and component mass balances on a system operating in a closed-loop concentrating or recycling pattern. The presentation of mass transfer within a spiral wound membrane module is treated with an overall module approach with solution-diffusion mass transfer parameters empirically determined. A comparison with various methods to represent membrane feed side concentration and their effect on membrane performance is presented. A perspective is made on representing concentration polarization in this type of membrane configuration. The simulation model is verified with experimental data on simple aqueous salt systems. The simulations are excellent in predicting feed concentration profiles. Permeate f...
Fracture energy of automotive clearcoats-I. Experimental methods and mechanics

Abstract The fracture energy of five automotive clearcoats was measured using fracture mechanics methods originally developed for measuring the fracture energy of brittle inorganic thin films. The fracture energy of the clearcoats ranged from 12 J m −2 to 140 J m −2 . A discrepancy between the actual fracture energy and the ‘apparent’ fracture energy was observed and attributed to differences in the tensile stress-strain behavior of the materials, in particular the yield strength. Correcting for differences in their tensile stress-strain behavior, the apparent fracture energy of the films ranged from 13 J m −2 to 330 J m −2 . Contrary to expectations, the fracture energy of the clearcoats did not decrease with increasing cross-link density. This was ascribed to differences in chemical architecture and additives in these commercial materials. Measuring the toughness in this manner shows promise for evaluating the long-term cracking resistance of automotive clearcoats.
Risk Factors for Corneal Graft Failure and Rejection in the Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Studies

Purpose: To evaluate comprehensively the magnitude of suspected risk factors for corneal graft failure from any cause, failure from rejection, and immunologic reaction in patients at high risk for graft failure after corneal transplantation. Methods: The records of the 457 participants in the Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Studies were reviewed. All participants had at least two quadrants of stromal vascularization and/or a history or previous graft rejection. Patients were followed for 2 to 5 years. Characteristics of the patient, study eye, donor, donor-recipient histocompatibility, and surgical procedure were examined for their association with the graft outcomes of failure from any cause, rejection failure, and immunologic reaction. Multivariate survival analysis techniques were used to estimate rates of graft outcome events and to estimate the magnitude of risk factors. Results: Many apparent risk factors did not maintain their association with graft outcomes after adjustment for other risk factors. Young recipient age, the number of previous grafts, history of previous anterior segment surgery, preoperative glaucoma, quadrants of anterior synechiae, quadrants of stromal vessels, a primary diagnosis of chemical burn, and blood group ABO incompatibility were among the strongest risk factors identified for graft failure. Donor and corneal preservation characteristics had little influence on graft outcome. Conclusions: Risk of graft failure varies substantially, even within a high-risk population. The number of risk factors present should be considered by the patient and surgeon when contemplating transplantation and planning follow-up.
Impact of distribution-connected large-scale wind turbines on transmission system stability during large disturbances

Many favorable wind resources are located in rural areas that do not have direct access to the high-voltage transmission systems. Therefore, it is practical and cost-effective to seek the installation of utility-scale, megawatt-level wind turbine generators on distribution feeders. Common study for interconnection of distributed generation typically focuses on stability impacts within the distribution feeder itself, such as the impact on feeder voltages. Efforts to investigate the impact of transmission events on distributed wind generation, as well as the impact of distributed wind generation at high penetration level on transmission stability, are much needed. This study models a power system with both the bulk transmission grid as well as distribution feeders. Megawatt-level wind turbine generators are connected to distribution feeders. Transmission disturbances are simulated to analyze their impacts on distributed wind generators. This study also investigates the reaction from all the distributed generation to a single transmission disturbance when the wind penetration is high, which could have a great impact on system stability.
Another Road to Evaluating Knowledge Assets

Human Resource Development (HRD) practitioners can earn a fresh endorsement from new methods of assessing the value of knowledge assets in companies they serve. Successful HRD practice depends on decisions made by managers who focus on proven financial performance. The economic theory that supports HRD practice is concerned with the value added to companies through personnel training and development and organization development. Accounting and economics professionals are suggesting new approaches to measuring and reporting the value of intellectual capital in for-profit companies. These methods provide ways to measure HRD’s contribution to the firm at the organization level. This article describes new methods of measuring the value of intellectual capital and recommends improvements in the valuation of intellectual capital.
Designing Low-Complexity Near-Optimal Multiple-Symbol Detectors for Impulse Radio UWB Systems

Multiple-symbol detection has recently caught attention in ultrawideband (UWB) communications because of its high performance without requiring explicit channel estimation. In this context, the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for multiple-symbol detection problem is developed to jointly detect multiple symbols, which exhibits considerable error performance improvement over transmitted reference transmissions methods. Unfortunately, the GLRT is a Boolean quadratic programming (BQP) problem, which is generally nondeterministic polynomial hard (NP-hard). In this paper, we propose two near-optimal detectors with polynomial complexity. The first detector performs semidefinite relaxation to approximately solve the BQP problem (called SDP-MSD). The second detector is based on a sphere-based relaxation of the BQP problem [we refer to this as modified unconstrained relaxation multiple-symbol detector (MUR-MSD)]. Both detectors achieve near-optimal performance, while the SDP-MSD performs slightly better than the MUR-MSD at the price of higher computational complexity. Furthermore, the MUR-MSD can be treated as a further nontight relaxation of SDP-MSD. Simulations are utilized to validate our findings and to demonstrate performance robustness to multiaccess interference.
Hydrophilic Catheters Versus Noncoated Catheters for Reducing the Incidence of Urinary Tract Infections: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Cardenas DD, Hoffman JM. Hydrophilic catheters versus noncoated catheters for reducing the incidence of urinary tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. Objective To test the hypotheses that hydrophilic catheters reduce the incidence of symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) in persons with spinal cord injury on self–intermittent catheterization (IC). Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Community. Participants Subjects (N=56) on IC with recurrent UTIs and who met eligibility criteria. Intervention Use of hydrophilic catheters for IC. Main Outcome Measure Symptomatic UTIs treated with antibiotics. Results Of the 56 subjects enrolled, 45 completed the study (22 in the treatment group, 23 in the control group). There were no significant differences in demographics, including sex, between the treatment group and the controls except for more tetraplegic subjects in the control group ( P P P =.18). There was no significant difference in the incidence of bacteriuria or symptomatic UTIs among the 2 groups. Level of injury and years with injury were unrelated to symptomatic UTIs, but being female increased the risk of UTIs ( P Conclusions Although there was no difference in the number of symptomatic UTIs in the 2 groups, hydrophilic catheter usage was associated with reduced numbers of treated UTIs as compared with standard nonhydrophilic catheters in persons with spinal cord injury who used self-IC; however, the study is limited by a small sample size. Women on self-IC were more likely to develop UTIs regardless of the catheter type, suggesting that the benefits of the lubrication may be more important in men.
Political Market Power Reflected in Milk Pricing Regulations

We investigate revealed political market power reflected in the pattern of price discrimination by end use that is the hallmark of U.S. milk marketing orders. We show that the pattern of prices that would maximize producer profits, if producers operated a cartel with monopoly power in a regional market, is far above actual government-set price differentials between milk used for fluid products and that used for manufactured products. The pattern of actual price differentials is consistent with political welfare weights for producers relative to consumers that are small compared to the weights that would yield maximum producer profits. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.
Inter- and intra-genomic heterogeneity of the intervening sequence in the 23S ribosomal RNA gene of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli

An intervening sequence (IVS) can be present or absent in the 23S rRNA of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. As part of a survey, we used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the presence of the IVS in 43 isolates of C. coli and 82 isolates of C. jejuni. An IVS was present in 40 (93.0%) of the C. coli and only 34 (41.5%) of the C. jejuni isolates. Twelve (27.9%) of the C. coli isolates and seven (8.5%) of the C. jejuni isolates resulted in two polymerase chain reaction products, indicating heterogeneity in the presence of the 23S rRNA IVS. Fourteen of the isolates with two products were evaluated by pulse-field gel electrophoresis; 13 different patterns were observed. The total band size of one isolate was substantially greater than the expected 1.7 Mb, possibly indicating a mixed culture. Southern blot analyses demonstrated the expected three rRNA operons in all tested isolates. Nested PCR reactions with operon-specific primers followed by primers for the IVS confirmed that the strains of interest contained either one or two operons carrying the IVS and the remaining operon(s) did not. Sequence analysis of the IVS and flanking regions of the 23S rRNA genes did not discriminate C. jejuni and C. coli as distinct populations. These results indicate horizontal transfer of 23S rRNA genes or portions of the genes between C. jejuni and C. coli. Also, data showing sequence polymorphisms between the three 23S rRNA loci outside of the IVS region suggest that the isolates with intra-genomic heterogeneity appear to be members of clones that have an ancient defect in gene conversion mechanisms needed for concerted evolution of the ribosomal operons.
Multiple FPGA Partitioning with Performance Optimization

We address the problem of partitioning a technology mapped FPGA circuit onto multiple FPGAs of a specific target technology. The physical characteristics of the multiple FPGA system (MFS) pose additional constraints to the circuit partitioning algorithms: the capacity of each FPGA, the timing constraints, the number of I/Os per FPGA, and the pre-designed interconnection patterns of the MFS. Existing partitioning techniques which minimize just the cut sizes of partitions fail to satisfy the above challenges. We therefore present a rectilinear partitioning algorithm which efficiently and accurately handles timing specifications. The signal path delays are estimated during partitioning using a timing model specific to a multiple FPGA architecture. The model combines all possible delay factors in a system with multiple FPGA chips of a target technology. A new dynamic net-weighting scheme was incorporated to minimize the number of pin-outs for each chip. Finally, we have developed a graph-based global router for pin assignment which can handle the pre-routed connections of our MFS structure. We successfully partitioned the MCNC Xilinx FPGA benchmarks producing 100% routable designs with high utilization levels in all cases. Using the performance optimization capabilities in our approach we have successfully partitioned these benchmarks satisfying the critical path constraints and achieving a significant reduction in the longest path delay. An average reduction of 17% in the longest path delay was achieved at the cost of 5% in total wire length. We have proved the effectiveness of our performance optimization technique by verifying the timing predictions of our partitioner with the actual delays obtained after placement and routing of a partitioned MFS. Partitioning results obtained with the Xilinx mapped MCNC benchmarks are encouraging.
Norepinephrine-mediated emotional arousal facilitates subsequent pattern separation.

Pattern separation, the process by which similar experiences can be stored as distinct memories, has been ascribed to the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. The DG is the target of noradrenergic modulation directly and indirectly via the basolateral amygdala. We tested the hypothesis that noradrenergic activation (tested using salivary alpha-amylase) potentiates DG function, enhancing pattern separation, by showing participants fearful stimuli in a pre-training task and then testing their capacity for pattern separation in a later test. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that increased levels of salivary alphaamylase were positively correlated with enhanced pattern separation performance even after accounting for general enhancements in recognition.
Boundary integral method for the evolution of slender viscous fibres containing holes in the cross-section

We consider the evolution of slender viscous fibres with cross-section containing holes with application to fabrication of microstructured optical fibres. The fibre evolution is driven by either prescribing velocity or a force at the ends of the fibre, and the free surfaces evolve under the influence of surface tension, internal pressurization, inertia and gravity. We use the fact that ratio of the typical fibre radius to the typical fibre length is small to perform an asymptotic analysis of the full three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations similar to earlier work on non-axisymmetric (but simply connected) fibres. A numerical solution to the multiply connected steady-state drawing problem is formulated based on the solution the Sherman-Lauricella equation. The effects of different drawing and material parameters like surface tension, gravity, inertia and internal pressurization on the drawing are examined, and extension of the method to non-isothermal evolution is presented.
The effect of substituted phenols on the activity of the indoleacetic acid oxidase of peas

Abstract 1. 1. 2,4-Dichlorophenol (DCP), frequently present as an impurity in samples of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), stimulates the activity of indoleacetic acid oxidase of pea epicotyls. The optimum concentration is 2 × 10 −5 M and inhibition occurs above 5 × 10 −4 M . Pure 2,4-D free of DCP is completely without effect on the enzyme. 2. 2. The enhancement of the activity of the enzyme of DCP is attributed to its cofactor-like activity. 3. 3. The basic structural requirement for activity is that of a phenol. The activity may be greatly enhanced or depressed by various substituents in the ring.
Pick's disease (lobar sclerosis) Depletion of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert

The nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the presynaptic cholinergic deficiency in the cerebrum of patients with Alzheimer9s disease. To further define the role of this cholinergic basal forebrain nucleus in dementia, we examined the nbM in two patients with lobar sclerosis, or Pick9s disease (PD). The brains of both of these patients showed substantial reductions in the number of nerve cells in many neuronal populations, including the nbM. Our observations of the changes in the nbM are correlated with previous investigations of cholinergic markers in PD.
Pre-cooling - its significance to the market quality of table grapes

Resume Apres la recolte, les raisins de table sont particulierement susceptibles de presenter des pertes d'eau et de la pourriture. La vitesse de deterioration pour ces raisons est directement liee a la temperature. Un abaissement rapide de la temperature des fruits a 0.5° reduit les pertes d'eau et l'etendue de la pourriture. Dans le cas contraire, il apparait des rafles brunes peu attirantes, des rafles fletries ou meme fragiles, des grains qui se detachent, des grains mous et ternes ou meme fletris et des paquets affaisses, mal assujettis, sensibles aux vibrations au cours de la manipulation et du transport. Ni la refrigeration par le vide ni la refrigeration par eau glacee ne sont possibles pour le raisin, on ne peut utiliser que l'air. Les raisins peuvent etre refrigeres a l'air par les procedes suivants: refrigeration par ecoulement d'air parallele, lorsque l'air se deplace parallelement le long de l'axe du paquet, les orifices de penetration de l'air turbulent refroidissent les fruits de l'exterieur vers le centre du paquet; refrigeration par ecoulement d'air force, lorsqu'un gradient de pression est maintenu a travers le paquet, ce qui permet un refroidissement progressif des fruits de haut en bas; et refrigeration par conduction lorsque le paquet est place dans une pellicule etanche a la vapeur d'eau, sans perforations, les grains etant alors refroidis par transport de chaleur par conduction du centre vers la peripherie des paquets. On donne des exemples d'application de ces methodes.
The challenges and opportunities in wireless health

Wireless Health brings to fruition many opportunities to continuously monitor the human body with sensors placed on body or implanted in the body. These platforms will revolutionize many application domains including health care and wellness. They provide new avenues to continuously monitor individuals, whether it is intended to detect an early onset of a disease or to assess the effectiveness of the treatment. In the past few years, new wearable applications have evolved and proved to be effective. The community has observed a large number of wireless health applications that have been developed using wearable computers. Yet, not many have been deployed in a large scale. There are still several challenges that need to be addressed before realizing the ubiquitous use of wireless health systems.In this talk, we will highlight several applications of the wireless health and wearable computers. We will describe several components of the wireless health computing systems and will outline challenges associated with their ubiquitous deployment. We will highlight current research directions and will discuss future directions.
The problem of guaranteeing the existence of a complete set of reductions

This article is the eleventh of a series of articles discussing various open research problems in automated reasoning. Here we focus on finding criteria for guaranteeing the existence of a complete set of reductions. We include a suggestion for evaluating a proposed solution to this research problem.
Hydrodynamic model for electron-hole droplets

Abstract The hydrodynamic equations of change are combined with the density functional formalism. This provides a model for critical and stable electron hole droplets which is applicable throughout the phase diagram.
Women and property in Guajiro society

This paper discusses property‐related issues and concepts among the Guajiro—a matrilineal cattle pastoralist society in Colombia and Venezuela—from a women‐oriented perspective, focusing on types of, acquisition and management of property as well as death‐ and compensation‐linked property transactions. Also considered are questions pertaining to female productivity in pastoral societies and women's significance as resources and potential property.
On Epps Effect and Rebalancing of Hedged Portfolio in Multiple Frequencies

Correlations of financial asset returns play a central role in designing investment portfolios by using Markowitz’s modern portfolio theory (MPT). Correlations are calculated from asset prices that happen at various trading time intervals. Therefore, trading frequency dictates correlation values. This phenomenon is called the Epps effect in finance. We present variations of correlations as a function of trading frequency to quantify Epps effect. The results reiterate that portfolio rebalancing, particularly in multiple trading frequencies, requires good estimation of correlations in order to deliver reliable hedging.
Measuring the cross-anisotropy of hot-mix asphalt

This study measures the cross-anisotropy of gyratory, kneading and field-compacted hot-mix asphalt samples of two sizes. One set of cube samples were subjected to compression through the top face and the other set through the side face. In addition, two sets of beam samples were tested for flexure stiffness using load on both the top and side faces. Results show that the side faces can sustain an average compressive stress of 0.89, 0.91 and 0.77 times of the top faces for kneading, gyratory and field-compacted cube samples, respectively. The average flexure stiffness of the side face is 0.85 times of that of the top face. For comparison, finite element model (FEM) was developed to predict pavement stress–strain under wheel load. In addition, stress–strain data from a field-instrumented pavement section on Interstate 40 in New Mexico were collected. The FEM-simulated vertical stress shows a close match with collected stress at cross-anisotropy value of 0.8.
Role of primary tumor characteristics in predicting positive sentinel lymph nodes in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ or microinvasive breast cancer.

Abstract Background We determined the incidence of positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or microinvasive breast cancer (MIC) and the predictive factors of SLN metastasis in these patients. Methods Of 4,503 patients who underwent SLN dissection between March 1994 and March 2006 at our institution, we identified those with a preoperative diagnosis or final diagnosis of DCIS or MIC. Clinicopathologic factors were examined by logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 624 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS or MIC, 40 had positive SLNs (6.4%). Of the 475 patients with a final diagnosis of DCIS or MIC, 9 had positive SLNs (1.9%). Clinical DCIS size >5 cm was the only independent predictor of positive SLN for patients with a preoperative diagnosis and patients with a final diagnosis of DCIS or MIC. Core biopsy as the method of preoperative diagnosis and DCIS size >5 cm were independent predictors for a final diagnosis of invasive carcinoma in the 149 patients who had a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS or MIC. Conclusions SLN dissection for patients with a diagnosis of DCIS should be limited to patients who are planned for mastectomy or who have DCIS size >5 cm. Patients who have a core-needle biopsy diagnosis of DCIS have a higher risk of invasive breast cancer on final pathologic assessment of the primary tumor. This information can be used in preoperative counseling of patients with DCIS regarding the timing of SLN biopsy.
Assessing obsessive compulsive symptoms and cognitions on the internet: Evidence for the comparability of paper and Internet administration ☆

Administration of psychological questionnaires via the Internet has gained popularity in recent years and touts many advantages. However, before questionnaires that were originally developed as paper-and-pencil measures can be confidently administered over the Internet, it is necessary to document the equivalence of the paper and computer-generated versions [American Psychological Association. (1986). Guidelines for computer-based tests and interpretations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; Cohen, R.J., Swerdlik, M.E., & Smith, D.K. (1992). Psychological testing and assessment (2nd ed.). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing; Cronbach, L.J. (1990). Essentials in psychological testing (5th ed.). New York: Harper Collins; Meier, S. (1994). The chronic crisis in psychological measurement and assessment: A historical survey. San Diego: Academic Press; Schulenberg, S.E., & Yutrzenka, B.A. (2001). Equivalence of computerized and conventional versions of the Beck Depression Inventory- II (BDI-II). Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social, 20, 216-230]. The current study tested this equivalence for the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory [Foa, E.B., Kozak, M.J., Salkovskis, P.M, Coles, M.E., & Amir, N. (1998). The validation of a new obsessive compulsive disorder scale: The obsessive-compulsive inventory. Psychological Assessment, 10(3), 206-214] and the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 [Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group. (2005). Psychometric validation of the obsessive belief questionnaire and interpretation of intrusions inventory-Part 2: Factor analyses and testing of a brief version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1527-1543] in an unselected student sample. Study results support the equivalence of these measures of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and beliefs independent of administration method (paper versus secure project website). These findings create new opportunities for conducting OCD-related research online.
Bay-Region Diol Epoxides of Benzo[a]Pyrene are Stealth Poisons of Topoisomerase I

Abstract Topoisomerase I transiently cleaves one strand of duplex DNA to relieve torsional strain during enzymatic processing events such as transcription and replication. Thus, topoisomerase I is an important target for anti-tumor drugs. We have examined the effects of cis- and trans-opened (+)-7R,8S,9S,10R)- and (−)-(7S,8R,9R,10S)-benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide adducts at the exocyclic amino groups of the purine bases at or near a known cleavage site in a 22-mer DNA duplex. The dG adducts lie in the minor groove either upstream or downstream from the modified base, and the dA adducts are intercalated at either side of the modified base. Thus four distinct structural motifs were available for study. The dG adducts inhibit cleavage at the normal site with resultant remote cleavages being observed. In contrast, three of the four dA adducts examined appear to be initially invisible to the enzyme since they allow the normal cleavage to occur, but they prevent subsequent religation and thus act as topoi...
Doing Dress and the Construction of Women's Gender Identity

Abstract The purpose of this article is to build on and strengthen the understanding that occupation is central to the creation and expression of identity. The first goal is to explore the ubiquity of dress in Western society, as well as its seemingly mundane presence in daily life. The complexities and nuances of this occupation are explored. The second goal is to examine the occupation of ‘doing dress’ through the lens of women's gender identity. The authors utilize the specific lens of women's gender identity due to the significance of dress as a marker of gender identity. This article concludes with the need for more studies and analyses in occupational science that focus on dress and its importance to identity.
Batch and continuous ion‐flotation of hexavalent chromium

An experimental investigation is presented of the flotation of dichromate ion using a cationic surfactant, ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium (EHDA) bromide. Dichromate ion forms a colloidal complex with EHDA ion in a molar ratio of 1 : 2, which may be efficiently floated from solution and concentrated in a stable foam produced by excess surfactant. Batch experiments with feed solutions containing 5–100 mg/l of dichromate ion produced residual dichromate concentrations ranging from 0.004 to 0.198 of that of the feed, depending upon the concentration of surfactant in the feed. The effects of pH and of possible interfering anions were determined. Continuous experiments indicated the reduction of dichromate from 50 to 15 mg/l, producing a foam stream containing 450 mg/l of dichromate. The influence of retention time is discussed.
Leishmaniasis, an emerging infection in travelers

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan infection with a wide clinical spectrum, which ranges from asymptomatic infection to fatal visceral leishmaniasis. A review of the recent literature indicates a sharp increase in imported leishmaniasis cases in developed, non-endemic countries over the last decade, in association with increasing international tourism, military operations, and the influx of immigrants from endemic countries. South America is the main area for the acquisition of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and adventure travelers on long-term trips in highly-endemic forested areas are at particular risk. Popular Mediterranean destinations are emerging as the main areas of acquisition of visceral leishmaniasis for European travelers. Leishmaniasis should be considered in patients presenting with a compatible clinical syndrome and a history of travel to an endemic area, even if this occurred several months or years ago. Appropriate counseling should be provided to adventure travelers, military personnel, researchers, and other groups of travelers likely to be exposed to sandflies in endemic areas.
Assessing the intercultural sensitivity of high school students attending an international school

Abstract The purpose of this exploratory study was to measure the level of intercultural sensitivity (ICS) of high school students attending an international school. ICS was defined as “sensitivity to the importance of cultural differences and to the points of view of people in other cultures” (Int. J. Intercultural Relat. 16(4) (1992) 413). Students ranged in age from 13 to 19 years and came from over 40 different countries. The intercultural development inventory (IDI) (IDI manual, 1998) was used to quantify participants’ levels of ICS based on Bennett's (Int. J. Intercultural Relat. 10 (1986) 179; Education for the Intercultural Experience, Intercultural Press, Yarmouthl, ME, p. 21) conceptualization of ICS in his 6 stage Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS). Three hundred and thirty six students participated in the study, from which 13 were further selected to participate in structured interviews. The data from the quantitative and qualitative analysis were then compared. The results showed that 97% of the students were operating in Bennett's Acceptance or Cognitive Adaptation stages from the DMIS. Levels of ICS were positively correlated with the length of time that the student had attended international schools. Implications for this study are discussed for leadership, curriculum, and policy development at the school level. Use of the IDI with other national school and international school secondary students is needed for comparison purposes.
Animals are rich with public pleasure

Pleasurable Kingdom is a significant contribution to the growing literature on animal emotions and is the first book to concentrate on positive (pleasure, joy, happiness and the like) rather than negative emotions (fear, anger and aggression). Topics covered include play, food, sex, touch and love, and transcendent pleasures, such as humor and esthetics. Balcombe takes a strongly evolutionary approach concerning the adaptive significance of animal pleasure. To quote the author: ‘Reproduction may be the currency of evolutionary success, but happiness is the currency of individual success.’ ‘Hedonic ethology’ is the name that Balcombe gives to the branch of ethology that concentrates on pleasure.
The Mayo Colonoscopy Skills Assessment Tool: validation of a unique instrument to assess colonoscopy skills in trainees.

Background Defining competence in colonoscopy is elusive because there is no objective means by which to assess skills. Objective We describe the development and validation of the Mayo Colonoscopy Skills Assessment Tool (MCSAT) designed for the assessment of cognitive and motor skills during colonoscopy training. Design Prospective development and analysis of the validity evidence of a unique colonoscopy skills assessment tool. Setting Outpatient endoscopy center, Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, from July 2007 through May 2010. Subjects All gastroenterology fellows in training at this institution during the study period. Intervention The MCSAT was developed and used to assess fellow performance over a 3-year period. Main Outcome Measurements A descriptive report of the form's development, correlation of each MCSAT assessment parameter with overall competency scores, and a comparison of MCSAT scores at various stages of training. Results There is strong individual item correlation to overall skills assessment for many of the parameters as well as significant improvement in all parameter scoring at increasing stages of experience. Limitations Compliance with MCSAT completion was 62% of all colonoscopies performed. Conclusions The MCSAT provides a valid means to objectively assess individual cognitive and motor skills in a continuous manner throughout colonoscopy training. The resultant data can eventually be used to establish average learning curves in colonoscopic skills and define competency thresholds based on performance scores rather than basing assessment simply on numbers of procedures performed.
The Cytosolic Activating Factors p47phox and p67phox Have Distinct Roles in the Regulation of Electron Flow in NADPH Oxidase

We have previously shown that the human neutrophil superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase possesses a novel dye reductase activity (Cross, A. R., Yarchover, J. L., and Curnutte, J. T. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 21448-21454). This activity exhibited an absolute requirement for the cytosolic activating factor p67phox but not for p47phox, suggesting that p67phox and p47phox have individual roles in controlling electron flow from NADPH to oxygen. Here, we provide direct evidence that p67phox alone can facilitate electron flow from NADPH to the flavin center of NADPH oxidase in the absence of p47phox, resulting in the reduction of enzyme FAD, whereas the presence of p47phox is required in order for electron transfer to proceed beyond the flavin center to the heme in cytochrome b−245 and thence to oxygen.