cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Subcutaneous versus Intravenous Alemtuzumab for Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis with Fludarabine/Melphalan–Based Conditioning in Matched Unrelated Donor Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare infusion-related reactions and outcomes of using subcutaneous (subQ) alemtuzumab versus intravenous (i.v.) alemtuzumab as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis for matched unrelated donor stem cell transplantations. Outcomes include incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV)/Epstein-Barr (EBV) viremia, development of CMV disease or post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, fatal infections, acute and chronic GVHD, time to engraftment, relapse rate, and survival. We conducted a retrospective study of all adult matched unrelated donor stem cell transplantations patients who received fludarabine/melphalan with subQ or i.v. alemtuzumab in combination with tacrolimus as part of their conditioning for unrelated donor transplantation at New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center from January 1, 2012 to March 21, 2014. Alemtuzumab was administered at a total cumulative dose of 100 mg (divided over days −7 to −3). Forty-six patients received an unrelated donor stem cell transplantation with fludarabine/melphalan and either subQ (n = 26) or i.v. (n = 20) alemtuzumab in combination with tacrolimus. Within the evaluable population, 130 subQ and 100 i.v. alemtuzumab doses were administered. For the primary outcome, ≥grade 2 infusion-related reactions occurred in 11 (8%) versus 25 (25%) infusions in the subQ and i.v. cohorts, respectively (P = .001). Overall, 12 injections (9%) in the subQ arm versus 26 infusions (26%) in the i.v. arm experienced an infusion-related reaction of any grade (P = .001). There were no significant differences between the subQ and i.v. arms in rates of reactivation of CMV/EBV, development of CMV disease or post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, fatal infections, acute and chronic GVHD, relapse, or survival. Subcutaneous administration of alemtuzumab for GVHD prophylaxis was associated with fewer infusion-related reactions compared with i.v. administration in the SCT setting. Incidences of acute and chronic GVHD were similar between both arms. There was also no difference in reactivation of CMV/EBV viremia, development of CMV disease or post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, fatal infections, relapse, or survival.
Deglutitive aspiration in patients with tracheostomy : effect of tracheostomy on the duration of vocal cord closure

Abstract Background/Aims Deglutitive aspiration in patients with tracheostomy has been attributed to impaired laryngeal movement, loss of protective laryngeal reflexes, and uncoordinated laryngeal closure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tracheostomy on the duration of deglutitive vocal cord closure. Methods Using concurrent videoendoscopy, respirography, and submental electromyography, deglutitive vocal cord closure and its temporal relationship with deglutitive apnea was compared between patients with tracheostomy and normal volunteers. Results Between-group comparison showed that the duration of vocal cord adduction/abduction in patients with tracheostomy was significantly shorter than that of normal volunteers ( P P
Photofragment spectroscopy of \̄gh-cyclopentadienylnickel nitrosyl

Abstract In one-color experiments, state distributions of nitric oxide photofragments have been probed by (2 + 2) multiphoton ionization following dissociation of ( \ gh 5 -C 5 H 5 )NiNO in the range 440–520 nm. The NO( v = 0–3) is formed in a broad distribution of highly excited rotational states, indicative of dissociation from an excited state having a bent configuration.
The IBM Virtual Tape Server: Making tape controllers more autonomic

The IBM Virtual Tape Server provides a revolutionary tape storage solution that emulates tape drives using a disk cache, providing up to 256 virtual tape-drive images and stacking the virtual tape volumes onto a maximum of 12 physical tape drives. The high ratio of virtual to physical drives, combined with the stacking of virtual volumes, provides tape storage that is both cost- and space-efficient. Existing IBM products are used as microcode building blocks to provide the core functions of the virtual tape server. These core functions are integrated into a reliable, high-performance storage subsystem by autonomic computing controls.
Verb Retrieval and Sentence Processing: Dissociation of an Established Symptom Association

Abstract A patient is described with severe anomia who produces verbs significantly better than nouns in action/object naming tasks, but who also has difficulty comprehending and producing semantically reversible sentences. This pattern differs from the frequently-reported association of symptoms involving relative verb/noun retrieval and sentence processing: impaired verb retrieval is typically associated with poor sentence processing, and preserved verb retrieval with spared sentence processing. Brain imaging reveals areas of cerebral ischemia in portions of the territories supplied by the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries. An earlier ischemic episode and extensive cortical collateral circulation are hypothesized to have contributed to this unusual pattern of left cerebral hemisphere damage. The previously-reported association of symptoms that dissociated in this patient was interpreted as reflecting a hemodynamically-influenced probability of joint involvement of neuroanatomical regions subserving functionally distinct aspects of language processing.
Epitope-positive truncating MLH1 mutation and loss of PMS2: implications for IHC-directed genetic testing for lynch syndrome

We assessed mismatch repair by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis in an early onset endometrial cancer and a sister’s colon cancer. We demonstrated high-level MSI and normal expression for MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6. PMS2 failed to stain in both tumors, strongly implicating a PMS2 defect. This family did not meet clinical criteria for Lynch syndrome. However, early onset endometrial cancers in the proband and her sister, a metachronous colorectal cancer in the sister as well as MSI in endometrial and colonic tumors suggested a heritable mismatch repair defect. PCR-based direct exonic sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were undertaken to search for PMS2 mutations in the germline DNA from the proband and her sister. No mutation was identified in the PMS2 gene. However, PMS2 exons 3, 4, 13, 14, 15 were not evaluated by MLPA and as such, rearrangements involving those exons cannot be excluded. Clinical testing for MLH1 and MSH2 mutation revealed a germline deletion of MLH1 exons 14 and 15. This MLH1 germline deletion leads to an immunodetectable stable C-terminal truncated MLH1 protein which based on the IHC staining must abrogate PMS2 stabilization. To the best of our knowledge, loss of PMS2 in MLH1 truncating mutation carriers that express MLH1 in their tumors has not been previously reported. This family points to a potential limitation of IHC-directed gene testing for suspected Lynch syndrome and the need to consider comprehensive MLH1 testing for individuals whose tumors lack PMS2 but for whom PMS2 mutations are not identified.
Determination of rock elastic properties from acoustic measurements of rock fragments

Abstract A method for determining elastic properties of rock fragments is presented. The method consists in creating two component composite specimens of a continuous Wood's metal matrix embedded with rock fragment inclusions. Six different cylindrical samples were prepared in this manner. The volumetric concentration of the fragments varies from 0.43 to 0.5. The principal idea of the method is to use an effective media theory to determine the elastic properties (K and G) of the rock fragments from acoustic measurements (resonance and ultrasonics) of the elastic properties of the Wood's metal/rock fragment composite specimen a solid Wood's metal specimen. Contrary to anticipated, the measured elastic parameters for the composite specimens lie outside the bounds of the corresponding elastic parameters for the 100% Wood's metal and 100% rock samples. These results cannot be predicted using zero-frequency effective media theories (e.g., Kuster-Toksoz method). Indeed, our data agrees with a recently published frequency-dependent, effective media theory for a strongly scattering medium 1 . It is thus evident that the commonly used frequency independent theory are not adequate to model the behavior of these composite media with volumetric concentrations above 0.4.
Dental implants for orthodontic anchorage

The purpose of this article is to review and update current concepts involving the use of dental implants for orthodontic anchorage. Topics to be discussed include indications, implant requirements (eg, materials, size, designs of dental implants), surgery and healing time, biomechanics and forces, loading time, implant maintenance, posttreatment considerations, and disadvantages.
Continuous identity authentication using multimodal physiological sensors

This paper on multi-modal continuous identity authentication contains four main sections. The first section describes the security issue we are addressing with the use of continuous identity authentication and describes the research our laboratory has been doing with different types of passive physiological sensors and how the multi-modal sensor data can be applied to continuous identity authentication. The second section describes a pilot study measuring temperature, GSR, eye movement, blood flow and click pressure of thirteen subjects performing a computer task. The third section gives preliminary results that show continuous authentication of identity above 80 percent was possible using discriminant analysis with a limited set of all of the measures for all but two subjects. The fourth section discusses the results and the potential of continuous identity authentication.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Demographic factors in a population-based survey of hospitalized, work- related, ocular injury

Purpose To obtain population-based estimates of the incidence of severe work-related ocular trauma and to identify demographic factors related to increased risk of this type of injury. Methods A statewide population-based survey of severe work-related ocular injury was performed using hospital discharge data. These data were derived from all inpatient admissions to nonfederal, acute-care hospital facilities in the state of California during 1988. Worker's compensation was used as the principal payor code to establish the work-relatedness of a given ocular injury. Census data for the state of California were used to obtain population denominators. Results Two hundred sixty-nine (approximately 14.3%) of all admissions for which ocular trauma was the principal diagnosis (1,876) were work related. Annual incidence for severe workrelated ocular injury was 1.76 per 100,000 employed persons when ocular trauma was the principal diagnosis and 2.98 per 100,000 employed persons when ocular trauma was a principal or secondary diagnosis. Projected to the working-age United States population (128 million) these annual rates correspond to an estimated 2,165 acute hospitalizations for work-related ocular trauma as the principal diagnosis, and an estimated 3,745 acute hospitalizations for work-related ocular trauma as a principal or secondary diagnosis. Incidence of severe work-related ocular injury was highest among men, Hispanics, and individuals 20 to 24 years of age (5.02, 3.72, and 4.64 per 100,000 employed per year, respectively). Conclusions The workplace accounts for a substantial proportion of severe ocular injury. Demographic groups at highest risk for this type of injury are men, Hispanics, and young adults.
Ligand-Induced Conformational Changes in Lactose Repressor: A Fluorescence Study of Single Tryptophan Mutants†

A key element in the ability of lac repressor protein to control transcription reversibly is the capacity to assume different conformations in response to ligand binding. To investigate regions of the protein involved in these conformational changes, mutant repressor proteins containing single tryptophans were created by mutating each of the two native tryptophan residues to tyrosine and changing the residue of interest to tryptophan. Tryptophans substituted in the following locations were highly accessible to quenchers with no changes in fluorescence or quenching properties in the presence of ligands: in the N-terminal helix−turn−helix for Y7, at the junction between the N-terminus and N-subdomain for L62, in the N-subdomain of the monomer−monomer interface for residue E100 or Q117, or at the C-terminal region for K325. Tryptophan at position F226 in the C-subdomain subunit interface was only moderately exposed to quenchers and unresponsive to ligands. In contrast, the fluorescence and quenching propert...
Four-photon-mixing-mediated stimulated Raman scattering in a multimode optical fiber.

Stimulated Raman scattering with 532-nm pulsed laser light is investigated in a 7.9-μm-core step-index multimode fiber. While low-intensity pump or single-mode LP01 excitation produces the usual stimulated Raman scattering light, mixed-mode (LP01 + LP02) excitation with pump intensities of ~5 kW uniformly shifts the multiorder Stokes Raman spectrum by an amount determined by fiber parameters, thus making stimulated Raman scattering tunable. This is due to the mediating influence of the four-photon mixing in the fiber.
Bioeconomic analysis of fish growth: effects of dietary protein and ration size.

Abstract Computer experiments were performed with a bioenergetic model for channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) to determine the nature of interactions between ration size and dietary protein from biological and economic standpoints. Both ration size and dietary protein exhibited decreasing magrginal products, as expected from the law of diminishing returns. Dietary protein has a positive effect on feed efficiency (except at combinations of high protein and high rations), while ration size did not seem to affect protein efficiency. Isoquant analysis showed that dietary protein and ration size are substitute inputs within a certain range, implying that the same harvest weight can be obtained by feeding low protein diets at high rations or high protein diets at low rations. Cost was minimized with dietary protein ranging from 26.5 to 34.2% of the diet and rations ranging from 0.79 to 1.0 of satiation, depending on the protein non-protein price ratio of the diet.
Children with a febrile urinary tract infection and a negative radiologic workup: factors predictive of recurrence

Abstract Objectives To determine the recurrence rate and risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) in children who present with a febrile UTI and have a negative radiologic evaluation. Febrile UTIs with no urinary tract abnormalities are a common cause of morbidity in children. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all children referred to our medical center after a febrile UTI. Results We reviewed 850 charts. Of 850 children, 78 had had a febrile UTI and normal ultrasound and voiding cystourography findings. Of the 78 children, 25 had had a recurrent UTI (3 boys and 22 girls). Forty-five percent of the girls with a febrile UTI developed a recurrent UTI and 14% of the boys had a recurrent UTI ( P = 0.02). Three boys (two younger than 1 year of age) were uncircumcised and had one recurrent febrile UTI. Eleven (39%) of 28 girls who first presented at younger than 1 year of age and 7 (58%) of 12 girls who presented at 5 years of age or older had recurrent UTIs. The recurrence rate in the 2 to 5-year-old age group was 24% (4 of 17). Seven of the older girls exhibited symptoms of dysfunctional elimination syndrome. Conclusions In children with a febrile UTI and a negative radiologic evaluation, recurrence was more common in girls. Boys who were uncircumcised may be at an increased risk of infection during the first year of life. In girls, the age at the time of the first infection was not predictive of recurrence. Although dysfunctional voiding and elimination may contribute to recurrent febrile UTIs in young children, an association seems to be present in children 5 years old and older.
Update on the Evaluation of Repeated Stone Formers

Office management of stone disease is an important component of a urologist’s practice. Evaluation should include analysis of stone composition, 24-hour urine studies, identification of modifiable risk factors, and targeted dietary, lifestyle, and/or medical therapy. A sizeable portion of investigated etiologies and risk factors for stone disease have centered on the complex interplay between obesity, diabetes, and other disease states that comprise the metabolic syndrome. Alternatives to traditional preventive therapy, such as probiotics and various fruit juices, are still being studied but may prove useful adjuncts to traditional preventive therapy, where the mainstays remain increased fluid intake, dietary modification, and pharmacologic therapy. Future studies on preventive therapy of urolithiasis are likely to focus on strategies to increase compliance, cost-effectiveness, and systems-based implementation.
Economics of Optimization of Fat Levels in Turkey Diets

Although a good deal of empirical research is available on the measurement of turkey body weight gain response to fat supplementation, none has attempted to study the economics of optimizing fat level in turkey diets. This study focuses on deriving the optimal fat level in turkey diets. The methodology used should also apply to any nonruminant species (swine and poultry).
Effective interactions and the 40 Ca( p, p ′) reaction

The excitation of the lowest 3− and 5− levels in40Ca is studied using a microscopic description. The long-range part of the Hamada-Johnston potential is shown to be a good effective interaction especially when supplemented by a phenomenological imaginary term. Transition densities are constructed from holeparticle RPA wave functions normalized to give the correct electric transition rates. Various wave functions and other interactions are studied. Other features of the calculations are discussed.
An Argument against the Use of the Alternate Session in Analytic Group Therapy.

It is often difficult to engage in a discussion regarding the use of alternate sessions (regularly scheduled meetings without the therapist) in analytic group therapy because those on one side of the issue tend to become critical of those on the other, rather than presenting a valid theoretical rationale for the position taken. This is not to say that the content of such criticism is entirely irrelevant, but rather that arguments should be derived from a theoretical formulation and not presented in place of one. This paper represents an attempt to approach that objective by delineating the basis in psychoanalytic theory for a decision against the use of the alternate session in analytic group therapy. Psychoanalytic theory clearly defines emotional conflicts as essentially intrapsychic, leaving aside the issue of constitutional factors. Interpersonal and/or social problems can develop as derivatives of these intrapsychic conflicts. Through processes of introjection and identification, aspects of significant external objects in an infant's life, usually the parents, become internalized, and gradually what are known as internal selfand object-representations come to exist. From an early point in life, emotional disturbances have more to do with this internal object world and the child's struggles with it than they do with external reality. By the time adulthood is reached, it is generally agreed among psychoanalysts that early object relations have laid down a pattern for subsequent interpersonal relationships, a pattern which may later be embroidered upon but which for the most part does not substantially change without therapeutic intervention. It is a major premise of psychoanalytic theory and technique that these early patterns will be repeated in the patient's transference to the therapist and to the members of the group, and that basic structural and dynamic changes
Weight-of-evidence evaluation in environmental assessment: Review of qualitative and quantitative approaches

Assessments of human health and ecological risk draw upon multiple types and sources of information, requiring the integration of multiple lines of evidence before conclusions may be reached. Risk assessors often make use of weight-of-evidence (WOE) approaches to perform the integration, whether integrating evidence concerning potential carcinogenicity, toxicity, and exposure from chemicals at a contaminated site, or evaluating processes concerned with habitat loss or modification when managing a natural resource. Historically, assessors have relied upon qualitative WOE approaches, such as professional judgment, or limited quantitative methods, such as direct scoring, to develop conclusions from multiple lines of evidence. Current practice often lacks transparency resulting in risk estimates lacking quantified uncertainty. This paper reviews recent applications of weight of evidence used in human health and ecological risk assessment. Applications are sorted based on whether the approach relies on qualitative and quantitative methods in order to reveal trends in the use of the term weight of evidence, especially as a means to facilitate structured and transparent development of risk conclusions from multiple lines of evidence.
Effects of anticonvulsant lactams on in vitro seizures in the hippocampal slice preparation.

Abstract Some 3,3-disubstituted 2-pyrrolidinones and 2-piperidinones (five- and six-membered ring lactams, respectively) possess potent in vivo anticonvulsant activity. In vitro these lactams potentiate GABA A receptor-mediated chloride currents, which is thought to be the mechanism by which they exert their therapeutic effects. However, the apparent affinity for these GABA A interactions is low: EC 50 s range from hundreds of micromolar to low millimolar values. In order to more completely characterize the activities of these compounds, it was necessary to know the concentrations required to curtail epileptiform activity in an intact neural network, and the mechanism by which this occurs. To address these questions, we used two methods of inducing ictal activity in hippocampal-entorhinal cortical slices: 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and low Mg 2+ . We found that 3,3-diethyl-2-pyrrolidinone (diethyl-lactam) prevents seizure-like discharges with IC 50 s of 1.1 and 2.1 mM in the two models, respectively. These values are nearly identical to the EC 50 value obtained in whole-cell studies of diethyl-lactam's GABA A receptor modulation. The addition of the GABA A antagonist picrotoxin to the low Mg 2+ ACSF produced seizures which persisted during diethyl-lactam application. Neither 3-benzyl-3-ethyl-2-piperidinone (3-BEP) nor α-ethyl-α-methyl-γ-thiobutyrolactone (α-EMTBL), two compounds which are similar to diethyl-lactam, but demonstrate picrotoxin-insensitive inhibition of voltage-dependent currents, diminished low Mg 2+ /picrotoxin seizure activity. Our results support the hypothesis that diethyl-lactam and related compounds exert their anticonvulsant activity primarily, if not exclusively, by modulating the GABA A receptor.
Latent heat of vaporization of 1‐pentene

The enthalpy change upon vaporization of l-pentene was experimentally determined by calorimetric measurements at temperatures between 100° and 280°F. The results are in good agreement with available data at the lower temperatures and are presented in graphical and tabular form. La chaleur latente de vaporisation du l-pentene a ete determinee experimentalement a des temperatures variant de 100°F. a 280°F. a l'aide de mesures calorimetriques. Les resultats, presentes sous formes graphiques et tabulaires, sont en accord avec les donnees existantes pour les basses temperatures.
How to forecast the rollout response of a mailing list from a sample test in direct mail

Testing new lists is the lifeline of the direct mail business because it provides access to new customers, which is necessary for future growth and profit. Mailers often lose money on list testing. This article proposes a procedure (method) that is cost-effective, and at the same time, provides adequate information about the universe so that the mailer can make the right decision whether to go slowly on a list or to jump from a sample test to a full run. Many articles have been written suggesting, on a theoretical level, how the rollout response can be predicted from a sample test, but no one has shown whether or not that method works when applied to real data. This article not only proposes a new method for predicting rollout response from a sample test, but also tests it with real data. Furthermore, it compares the results of the two methods. The results show that the method described here gives far better rollout predictors than the other method. This article also suggests a mailing strategy that can be used as a guide.
An initial value problem for magnetoatmospheric waves: I. Theory

Abstract The initial value problem is solved for the pressure field resulting from an instantaneous localized forcing term in a horizontally-stratified isothermal compressible atmosphere, with a uniform gravitational field and a non-uniform horizontal magnetic field. The waves generated in this system are termed magnetoatmospheric waves. Exact integral expressions are given for the high and low frequency pressure fields emanating from the source, for motion varying in the plane containing the gravitational field and magnetic field vectors, and also orthogonal to this plane. In each case, the presence of a lower rigid boundary (z = 0) gives rise to a horizontally propagating Lamb-type surface wave. Particular emphasis is put on the nature of the singularities in the complex frequency plane and their physical representations.
A question raised from the observation of dynamic cusp formation: When and where does particle acceleration occur?

Abstract We present observations of a C9.4 flare on 2002 June 2 in EUV (TRACE) and X-rays (RHESSI). The multiwavelength data reveal: (1) the involvement of a quadrupole magnetic configuration; (2) loop expansion and ribbon motion in the pre-impulsive phase; (3) gradual formation of a new compact loop with a long cusp at the top during the impulsive phase of the flare; (4) appearance of a large, twisted loop above the cusp expanding outward immediately after the hard X-ray peak; and (5) X-ray emission observed only from the new compact loop and the cusp. In particular, the gradual formation of an EUV cusp feature is very clear. The observations also reveal the timing of the cusp formation and particle acceleration: most of the impulsive hard X-rays (>25 keV) were emitted before the cusp was seen. This suggests that fast reconnection occurred during the restructuring of the magnetic configuration, resulting in more efficient particle acceleration, while the reconnection slowed after the cusp was completely formed and the magnetic geometry was stabilized. This observation is consistent with the observations obtained with Yohkoh/Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) that soft X-ray cusp structures only appear after the major impulsive energy release in solar flares. These observations have important implications for the modeling of magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration.
Spatial Characteristics of Rangeland Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Population Dynamics in Wyoming: Implications for Pest Management

A raster-based geographic information system was used to analyze 31 yr of USDA grasshopper survey data from Wyoming to identify areas prone to grasshopper infestations of ≥10 grasshoppers per square meter and to understand the spatiotemporal characteristics of rangeland grasshopper population dynamics. A temporally consistent, clumped spatial distribution was observed in the grasshopper infestations. Frequently infested lands were usually surrounded by areas with less frequent infestations, which graded into areas of apparently suitable habitat with no recorded infestations. Sixty-two percent of Wyoming has never had a recorded infestation, and only 6% of Wyoming has been infested ≥6 times. There has been >1 million ha infested in 12 yr, but <1% of Wyoming has been infested in ≥8 yr. Five, major 2-yr outbreak expansion sequences showed localized spatiotemporal persistence; the sequences revealed that grasshopper densities can reach outbreak levels over wide areas in a single year. Five, major 2-yr outbreak collapse sequences exhibited limited spatiotemporal persistence, with collapsing outbreaks often leaving no remnant infestations. Grasshopper outbreaks appear to exhibit characteristics of gradient dynamics at the scale of this study, although eruptive dynamics can not be entirely discounted. Applications of these results to pest management survey and treatment decisions are considered.
Mechanism of slug formation in downwardly inclined pipes

Abstract This paper examines the effect of small downward inclinations on the formation of slugs. Experiments were conducted with air and water at atmospheric pressure, in a pipe with a diameter of 0.0763 m, a length of 23 m and inclinations of −0.2, −0.5 and −0.8°. Measurements of the variation of the interfacial displacement were made simultaneously at a number of locations. For low gas velocities in a horizontal configuration waves with lengths of 16–20 cm, grow until they reach of the top of the pipe. These waves evolve from smaller wavelength waves (8–10 cm) through a non-linear growth mechanism. At high gas velocities, the liquid height is not large enough for this mechanism to be operable. In these cases slugs evolve from the coalescence of roll waves. Surprisingly, the large amplitude small wavelength waves observed in horizontal flows, at the transition to slug flow, are damped in pipelines that are inclined slightly downward. The transition is associated with the initiation of long wavelength, small amplitude waves, whose appearance is predicted by a viscous long wavelength linear stability analysis. A local Kelvin–Helmholtz instability at the crest of a growing long wavelength wave is observed when a slug forms. The frequency of slugging is equal to frequency of these long wavelength waves.
The law of the sea and maritime strategy

Abstract The USA is, by far, the first naval power in the world. When this power is augmented by allies and friends, it is even greater. The Soviet Union is the second naval power, but it is improving, and with its allies it is challenging the USA in several capabilities and regions of the world. The ‘European Navy’ (NATO and others) is the third largest naval force and can exert considerable power in the European theatre. The Third World is still dependent on the First and Second Worlds in terms of naval forces as well as aid, trade and technology — but is slowly improving its local naval capabilities.
Flower discrimination by pollinators in a dynamic chemical environment

Pollinators use their sense of smell to locate flowers from long distances, but little is known about how they are able to discriminate their target odor from a melange of other natural and anthropogenic odors. Here, we measured the plume from Datura wrightii flowers, a nectar resource for Manduca sexta moths, and show that the scent was dynamic and rapidly embedded among background odors. The moth’s ability to track the odor was dependent on the background and odor frequency. By influencing the balance of excitation and inhibition in the antennal lobe, background odors altered the neuronal representation of the target odor and the ability of the moth to track the plume. These results show that the mix of odors present in the environment influences the pollinator’s olfactory ability.
Inscriptions, Synagogues and Rabbis in Late Antique Palestine

The numerous works of “rabbinic” literature composed in Palestine in Late Antiquity, all of which are preserved only in medieval manuscripts, offer immense possibilities for the historian, but also present extremely perplexing problems. What are their dates, and when did each come to be expressed in a consistent written form? If we cannot be sure about the attribution of sayings to individual named rabbis, how can we relate the material to any intelligible period or social context? In this situation, it is natural and right to turn to contemporary evidence, archaeological, iconographic and epigraphic. The primary archaeological evidence is provided by the large (and increasing) number of excavated synagogues. But, it has been argued, rabbinic texts are not centrally concerned with synagogues or the congregations which met in them. So perhaps “rabbinic Judaism” and “synagogal Judaism” are two separate systems. Alternatively, the epigraphic evidence attests individuals who are given the title “rabbi,” and these inscriptions, on stone or mosaic, include some which derive from synagogues. But perhaps “rabbi,” in this context, was merely a current honorific term, and these are not the “real” rabbis of the texts? It will be argued that this distinction is gratuitous, and that in any case the largest and most important synagogue-inscription, that from Rehov, both is “rabbinic” in itself and mentions rabbis as religious experts.
Preoperative infusional chemoradiation therapy for stage T3 rectal cancer

To evaluate preoperative infusional chemoradiation for patients with operable rectal cancer. Preoperative chemoradiation therapy using infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), (300 mg/m{sup 2}/day) together with daily irradiation (45 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks) was administered to 77 patients with clinically Stage T3 rectal cancer. Endoscopic ultrasound confirmed the digital rectal exam in 63 patients. Surgery was performed approximately 6 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation therapy and included 25 abdominoperineal resections and 52 anal-sphincter-preserving procedures. Posttreatment tumor stages were T1-2, N0 in 35%, T3, N0 in 25%, and T1-3, N1 in 11%; 29% had no evidence of tumor. Local tumor control after chemoradiation was seen in 96% (74 out of 77); 2 patients had recurrent disease at the anastomosis site and were treated successfully with abdominoperineal resection. Overall, pelvic control was obtained in 99% (76 out of 77). The survival after chemoradiation was higher in patients without node involvement than in those having node involvement (p = n.s.). More patients with pathologic complete responses or only microscopic foci survived than did patients who had gross residual tumor (p = 0.07). The actuarial survival rate was 83% at 3 years; the median follow-up was 27 months, with a range of 3 to 68 months. Acute,more » perioperative, and late complications were not more numerous or more severe with chemoradiation therapy than with traditional radiation therapy (XRT) alone. Excellent treatment response allowed two-thirds of the patients to have an anal-sphincter-sparing procedure. Gross residual disease in the resected specimen indicates a poor prognosis, and therapies specifically targeting these patients may improve survival further. 22 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.« less
Resonance Raman and coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering spectra of flavin derivatives. Vibrational assignments and the zwitterionic structure of 8-methylamino-riboflavin.

Abstract Resonance Raman and coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering spectra are reported for flavins modified by deprotonation at N 3 and by CH substitution for N 1 , N 3 and N 5 , using laser excitation in resonance with the visible electronic transition. Vibrational shifts are used to make qualitative assignments of the observed vibrational modes. Both 8-CH 3 NH- and ionized 8-OH-riboflavin were found to give markedly different spectra patterns from flavin itself; this observation supports a partial zwitterionic structure for the 8-CH 3 NH derivatives.
Sex pheromone in the dog

Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate has been identified in the vaginal secretions of female dogs in estrus. When small amounts of this compound were applied to the vulvas of anestrous or spayed females, males placed with these females became sexually aroused and attempted to mount them.
Understanding cable subscribership as telecommunications behavior

Abstract For the better part of 30 years, researchers have advanced models predicting cable subscription. Yet different sampling methodologies and study designs have yielded conflicting results regarding the factors associated with subscribership. This study revisits earlier work on cable subscribership, drawing comparisons with parallel work addressing other telecommunication media. Twenty four variables pertaining to media use were factored into a discriminant model predicting cable subscribership. A four-stage sampling procedure was used to select a nationwide sample of 1235 homes passed by cable across 100 systems. The model correctly classified 81.5% of the subscribers and nonsubscribers surveyed.
Modulation of Myosin Function by Isoform-specific Properties ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae and Muscle Tropomyosins

Tropomyosin is an extended coiled-coil protein that influences actin function by binding longitudinally along thin filaments. The present work compares cardiac tropomyosin and the two tropomyosins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TPM1 and TPM2, that are much shorter than vertebrate tropomyosins. Unlike cardiac tropomyosin, the phase of the coiled-coil-forming heptad repeat of TPM2 is discontinuous; it is interrupted by a 4-residue deletion. TPM1 has two such deletions, which flank the 38-residue partial gene duplication that causes TPM1 to span five actins instead of the four of TPM2. Each of the three tropomyosin isoforms modulates actin-myosin interactions, with isoform-specific effects on cooperativity and strength of myosin binding. These different properties can be explained by a model that combines opposite effects, steric hindrance between myosin and tropomyosin when the latter is bound to a subset of its sites on actin, and also indirect, favorable interactions between tropomyosin and myosin, mediated by mutually promoted changes in actin. Both of these effects are influenced by which tropomyosin isoform is present. Finally, the tropomyosins have isoform-specific effects on in vitro sliding speed and on the myosin concentration dependence of this movement, suggesting that non-muscle tropomyosin isoforms exist, at least in part, to modulate myosin function.
Existence and characterization of discrete-time equilibria in extractive industries

Abstract By exploiting the difference between discrete-time and continuous-time first-order conditions around the date a mine shuts down. I give the first complete characterization and existence proof for finite-horizon discrete-time equilibrium extraction programs.
Cavity ring-down technique and its application to the measurement of ultraslow velocities.

We have developed a new ring-down technique that does not require a shutter to turn a probe laser on and off. With a rapid cavity scan we can measure a simple exponential cavity decay from which a cavity finesse can be found. When the cavity is scanned slowly, the cavity decay exhibits an amplitude modulation, and an analytic expression is derived for this modulation. With this new technique we measured the ultraslow relative velocity of the mirrors (of the order of micrometers per second) as well as the linewidth (~100 kHz) of the probe laser.
Application of Silicon Photomultipliers to Positron Emission Tomography

Historically, positron emission tomography (PET) systems have been based on scintillation crystals coupled to photomultipliers tubes (PMTs). However, the limited quantum efficiency, bulkiness, and relatively high cost per unit surface area of PMTs, along with the growth of new applications for PET, offers opportunities for other photodetectors. Among these, small-animal scanners, hybrid PET/MRI systems, and incorporation of time-of-flight information are of particular interest and require low-cost, compact, fast, and magnetic field compatible photodetectors. With high quantum efficiency and compact structure, avalanche photodiodes (APDs) overcome several of the drawbacks of PMTs, but this is offset by degraded signal-to-noise and timing properties. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) offer an alternative solution, combining many of the advantages of PMTs and APDs. They have high gain, excellent timing properties and are insensitive to magnetic fields. At the present time, SiPM technology is rapidly developing and therefore an investigation into optimal design and operating conditions is underway together with detailed characterization of SiPM-based PET detectors. Published data are extremely promising and show good energy and timing resolution, as well as the ability to decode small scintillator arrays. SiPMs clearly have the potential to be the photodetector of choice for some, or even perhaps most, PET systems.
From Candolle to Croizat: comments on the history of biogeography

Biogeography is a strange discipline. In general, there are no institutes of biogeography; there are no departments of it. There are no professional biogeographers no professors of it, no curators of it. It seems to have few traditions. It seems to have few authoritative spokesmen. It is my belief, however, that there is a coherent history of the discipline. There are some general ideas some principles and some general problems. Some of them were defined in the early part of the nineteenth century, particularly in an essay by A. P. de Candolle.1 Because of the recent revival of interest in biogeography, occasioned in part by the development of the theory of plate tectonics, a consideration of the early history of the discipline is timely. Candolle's essay was not an obscure article that no one read. It was an early, but neither the first nor the last, review of the new and growing field of phytogeography. It was soon read, assimilated, and
Structural and protein interaction effects of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathic mutations in alpha-tropomyosin.

The potential alterations to structure and associations with thin filament proteins caused by the dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) associated tropomyosin (Tm) mutants E40K and E54K, and the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) associated Tm mutants E62Q and L185R, were investigated. In order to ascertain what the cause of the known functional effects may be, structural and protein-protein interaction studies were conducted utilizing actomyosin ATPase activity measurements and spectroscopy. In actomyosin ATPase measurements, both HCM mutants and the DCM mutant E54K caused increases in Ca2+-induced maximal ATPase activities, while E40K caused a decrease. Investigation of Tm's ability to inhibit actomyosin ATPase in the absence of troponin showed that HCM-associated mutant Tms did not inhibit as well as wildtype, whereas the DCM associated mutant E40K inhibited better. E54K did not inhibit the actomyosin ATPase activity at any concentration of Tm tested. Thermal denaturation studies by circular dichroism and molecular modeling of the mutations in Tm showed that in general, the DCM mutants caused localized destabilization of the Tm dimers, while the HCM mutants resulted in increased stability. These findings demonstrate that the structural alterations in Tm observed here may affect the regulatory function of Tm on actin, thereby directly altering the ATPase rates of myosin.
Phase Diagram of a Portion of the System Na3AlF6‐AlF3‐Al2O3.

The system Na3AlF6-AlF3-Al2O3 was investigated by a combination of quenching, optical microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction techniques in order to define liquidus temperatures, univariant lines, and invariant points. Phase fields for the primary crystallization of cryolite, chiolite, aluminum fluoride, α-alumina, and η-alumina were located. A ternary peritectic point contained 28.3% AlF3-4.4% Al2O3-67.3% Na3AlF6 at 723°C. A eutectic point of composition 37.3% AlF3-3.2% Al2O3-59.5% Na3AlF6 occurs at 684°C.
An optimal recovery view of Walsh's equiconvergence theorem

Abstract J. L. Walsh showed that the differences of the partial sums of a function analytic only in a disk of radius ϱ (>1) and the polynomials (of the same degrees) interpolating the function in roots of unity, converge to zero in | z | ϱ 2 . We reinterpret this problem in the context of analytic complexity, and examine it from that viewpoint.
Focal plane wavefront estimation using an integral field spectrograph

As wavefront control techniques continue to improve, coronagraphic imaging of exoplanets is becoming a promising technique for both ground and space observatories. The inherent sensitivity of a coronagraph to perturbations in the electric field means that residual quasi-static speckles appear in the image plane, constraining the relative brightness (or contrast) and angular separation of an exoplanet relative to its parent star. On the ground, the quasi-static speckles are residual aberrations that the non-common path wavefront sensors cannot correct. In the case of a space observatory we expect these perturbations to largely be from temperature fluctuations and vibration within the spacecraft. In either case we require some method to remove this energy, improving our detection limit for the exoplanet. Post-processing techniques have been applied to data taken from both ground and space based telescopes to subtract these speckles with a high degree of success even when not using a coronagraph, but they can skew our spectral measurements and become less effective as the angular separation decreases. Therefore, we seek wavefront estimation and control techniques based on the focal plane electric field to correct for these quasi-static speckles.The relative timescale of quasi-static speckle evolution compared to the time required for estimation and control will ultimately determine the residual intensity in our search area, bounding our lowest achievable contrast. We wish to spectrally characterize these targets so that we might learn about its composition.We investigate combining these two concepts using an integral field spectrograph (IFS). An IFS images each wavelength simultaneously, providing spectral diversity information in a single image. The spectral data provides a chromatic snapshot in time for estimating the electric field, potentially lowering the residual energy of the quasi-static speckles.
Pathogenesis of Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia in Natural and Experimental Ovine Lentivirus Infection

Ovine lentivirus (OvLV), as a member of the lentivirinae subfamily of Retroviridae, shares morphological, genomic, and cytopathic features with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although OvLV infection does not induce profound immune deficiency in sheep, it has many similarities with HIV infection, such as the capacity to infect macrophages, undergo antigenic variation in vivo, and induce slow progressive diseases involving the pulmonary, lymphoid, and central nervous systems
Convenient synthesis of glycosylated hydroxylysine derivatives for use in solid-phase peptide synthesis

Abstract δ- O -Glycosylated 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-hydroxylysine (Fmoc-Hyl) derivatives have been conveniently prepared by introduction of a β- d -galactopyranosyl group to copper-complexed Hyl[e- tert -butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)] or Hyl[e-allyloxycarbonyl (Aloc)], followed by decomposition of the copper complex and addition of an Fmoc group to the α-amino group. Fmoc-Hyl[e-Boc, O -(2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-β- d -galactopyranosyl)] was used in the solid-phase synthesis of a type IV collagen derived sequence.