cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5205: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alters breast cancer exosome-mediated microRNA signaling

DHA is a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that has anticancer properties, including the ability to suppress tumor angiogenesis. However, the precise mechanism of DHAs anti-angiogenic activity is not well defined. It is recognized that the intercommunication between cancer cells and their microenvironment is essential to tumor angiogenesis. Exosomes are nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles that are important mediators of intercellular communication and in recent years, the role of tumor-derived exosomes in cancer progression has been realized. However, ways to limit or alter their influence on cancer progression has not been demonstrated. At this time, very little is known about the role of breast cancer derived exosomes in contributing to breast cancer progression and whether these exosomes mediate DHAs anticancer activity. To investigate, breast cancer exosomes were collected from the conditioned media of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells engineered to express GFP-tagged CD63 after treatment with DHA. We observed an increase in exosome secretion from the DHA-treated cells. Total RNA was extracted from the DHA-treated and control MCF7-derived exosomes and analyzed by small RNA sequencing. The expression of 83 exosome microRNAs was altered by DHA (>2-fold) and several of the most abundant exosomal microRNAs (miR-23b, miR-27a/b, miR-21, and miR-320b) are known to have anti-angiogenic activity. When DHA-treated MCF7 cells were co-cultured with or the collected exosomes were directly applied to endothelial cell cultures, we observed an increase in the expression of these microRNAs in endothelial cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-23b and miR-320b in endothelial cells decreased the expression of their pro-angiogenic target genes (PLAU, AMOTL1, NRP1 and ETS2) and significantly inhibited tube formation by endothelial cells, an effect that could be reversed by inhibition of exosome secretion via Rab27A knockdown. These results suggest that the microRNAs transferred by exosomes mediate DHAs anti-angiogenic action. Our data demonstrates that DHA alters breast cancer exosome secretion and microRNA contents that leads to the inhibition of endothelial tube formation. These results provide insight into the future possibility of developing new cancer therapeutic strategies targeting exosome secretion and content transmission. Citation Format: Bethany N. Hannafon, Karla Carpenter, William Berry, Ralf Janknecht, William Dooley, Wei-Qun Ding. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alters breast cancer exosome-mediated microRNA signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5205. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5205
Design and Comparison of PID and Proportional Resonant Controllers for Matrix Converter

In this paper we represent a comparison between PID and Proportional resonant controllers for matrix converter used for unbalance load application. The simulation has been done in Matlab Simulink. A linear model transfer function of matrix converter has been taken to be control by Proportional Resonant controller and PID controllers. Various parameters are taken to find out the close loop system stability. First PID controller and then Proportional resonant controller checked for close loop system’s responses. Optimal controller has been suggested on the basis of best performance for reference sinusoidal tracking.
Examining Anti-Dementia Drug Persistence in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Patients (P07.140)

OBJECTIVE: To describe patient persistence with anti-dementia medications in an AD center and to evaluate characteristics associated with persistence. BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase inhibitors and Memantine are the only FDA approved medications for treating Alzheimer9s disease. Persistent treatment may slow the rate of decline (Rountree et al 2009, Atri et al 2008, Lopez et al 2009), while discontinuation is linked to cognitive and behavioral worsening (Doody et al 2001). Data regarding persistence of anti-dementia drug use in outpatients is scarce. DESIGN/METHODS: Of 1106 consecutive patients with probable AD followed longitudinally, 1073 had complete information regarding cumulative anti-dementia drug use (start and stop dates) from the time of initial symptoms onward. We examined demographic and neuropsychological data for each of the following five groups of patients: those who never took anti-dementia medications (N=69); those who started before their new patient visit (NPV) and persisted (N=425); those who started before the NPV and discontinued medication(s) at least once (N=115); those who started after the NPV and persisted (N=369): and those who started after the NPV and discontinued at least once (N=95). RESULTS: Of the 1004 patients who were ever treated, 54% started treatment prior to the NPV and 46% started treatment after the NPV. There were 794 persistent users (79%) and 210 (21%) were impersistent. The groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, education, estimated pre-morbid IQ, pre-progression rate, physician9s estimate of duration, but baseline Mini-mental status examination scores were slightly higher in persistent users (1.13 +/- 6.51, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, persistence with anti-dementia drug treatment was high. There were no demonstrated demographic or disease characteristics that explained differences in persistence. This suggests that social factors and/or perceived side effects may have accounted for impersistence. Disclosure: Dr. Biernot has nothing to disclose. Dr. Darby has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pavlik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Doody has received personal compensation for activities with AC Immune, Biote, Cardeus, Genzyme Corporation, Hoffman-La Roche, Eli Lilly & Company, Medivation, Merck & Co., Inc., Nutricia, QR Pharma, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Sonexa, Suven, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Transition, and Zinfandel. Dr. Doody9s institution has received research support from Jannsen, Genentech, Inc., and Pfizer, Inc.
Contested Space at the Entrance of the Athenian Acropolis

Public spaces of protest in ancient cities, whether deliberately crafted or organically formed, can prove elusive, but the existence, appearance, and function of such spaces should not be ignored because of their relative invisibility. In Contested Space at the Entrance of the Athenian Acropolis, Jessica Paga looks to ancient Athens to demonstrate how such spaces were built and used, as well as their potential role in propagating the success of the world9s first democracy. Concentrating on the archaeological record and the historical context surrounding the use and transformation of public spaces in Athens, Paga posits the entrance area to the Athenian Acropolis as a consciously elaborated site of dissent and unity for the burgeoning democratic polis in the late sixth and early fifth centuries BCE.
On the shape and orientation control of an orbiting shallow spherical shell structure

The dynamics of orbiting shallow flexible spherical shell structures under the influence of control actuators was studied. Control laws are developed to provide both attitude and shape control of the structure. The elastic modal frequencies for the fundamental and lower modes are closely grouped due to the effect of the shell curvature. The shell is gravity stabilized by a spring loaded dumbbell type damper attached at its apex. Control laws are developed based on the pole clustering techniques. Savings in fuel consumption can be realized by using the hybrid shell dumbbell system together with point actuators. It is indicated that instability may result by not including the orbital and first order gravity gradient effects in the plant prior to control law design.
Conceptual play and science inquiry: using the 5E instructional model

Play has been synonymous with early childhood education and is an important aspect of child development. Researchers have characterized and defined play from different perspectives. If play is an i...
Design and characterization of an additive manufactured hydraulic oil cooler

Abstract A hydraulic oil cooler was fabricated from an aluminum alloy by selective laser melting. The plate-fin tube bank has special features, including non-circular, internally finned tubes, and external angled fins to allow flexibility in the printing process. The study demonstrates the capability to additively manufacture commercial-scale heat exchangers with intricate features. Heat transfer and pressure drop performance are characterized in a wind tunnel over a range of oil- and air-side flow rates for inlet temperatures representing high limits for a commercial hydraulic excavator. The data and results of a computational fluid dynamic model provide insight on the impact of features that are dictated by the manufacturing process on thermal and hydraulic performance.
Influence of an ambulatory care elective on career interest and perception of ambulatory care practice.

Abstract Background and purpose Ambulatory care is a growing area of pharmacy practice. Previous studies have shown that an ambulatory care elective course may improve student understanding and interest in ambulatory care, but it is unknown if an elective course may impact a student's intended career choice. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of an ambulatory care elective on student understanding of ambulatory care pharmacy practice, career interest, and interest in residency training. Educational activity and setting A three-credit-hour ambulatory care elective course was offered to pharmacy students in their third professional year of a four-year program at a private school of pharmacy in Fall 2015. All students in their third year of pharmacy school, including those enrolled in an ambulatory care elective course, were surveyed electronically at the beginning and end of the fall semester. Elective student responses were compared to non-elective student responses, and student responses were compared pre- versus post-semester within each group. Findings Twenty-five of 72 non-elective students and 13 of 14 elective students responded to both surveys. Significantly more elective students felt they understood the daily responsibilities (p=0.003) and the role of the ambulatory care pharmacist (p = 0.001) in comparison to non-elective students post-semester. Interest in residency training or a career in ambulatory care pharmacy was not significantly different among groups pre- or post-semester. Summary An ambulatory care elective course increased perceived understanding of ambulatory care pharmacy but did not have a significant impact on student interest in residency training or a career in ambulatory care.
Impact of diabetes on free flap surgery of the head and neck: A NSQIP analysis.

OBJECTIVE Diabetes is associated with microvascular pathology and may predispose patients undergoing microvascular surgery to complications. This study assesses diabetes as a risk factor for complications following free flap surgery of the head and neck. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, data on free flap surgeries of the head and neck between 2005 and 2014 was collected from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. A propensity-matching algorithm (PSM) was used to equilibrate distribution of numerous covariates between the diabetic and nondiabetic cohorts. A sub-analysis was performed to examine the impact of insulin-dependency. RESULTS The initial dataset contained 2187 free flaps of the head and neck. After implementing PSM, a new population was created containing 506 total cases with 253 DM patients. The majority of cases were male and white. The matched cohort did not contain any demographics or comorbidities associated with DM. Complications significantly elevated in the DM group were severe bleeding (P = .046), postoperative ventilation greater than 48 hours (P < .001), and pneumonia (P < .048). In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, reintubation (P = .005), cardiac arrest (P = .010), severe bleeding (P = .006), overall surgical complications (P = .015), and overall complications (P = .005) were significantly increased. CONCLUSION This study examines the impact of diabetes on postoperative complications following free flap reconstruction of the head and neck. Propensity score matching was utilized. Analysis of the PSM cohort suggests that diabetic patients have elevated rates of postoperative pulmonary complications. Additionally, patients with insulin-dependent diabetes have significantly elevated rates of medical and surgical complications.
Integrated Design of Energy Efficient Cities

Abstract In this chapter, technologies and operation strategies suitable for designing and operating sustainable and low-energy urban centers are outlined. First, an overview of the main factors affecting the energy use in urban centers is provided with some statistics obtained for select cities worldwide. Then, a series of strategies to improve the sustainability of cities is presented with specific examples and case studies. In particular, the importance of improving the efficiency of transport modes in urban centers is highlighted. Moreover, components and benefits of district energy systems to efficiently serve the heating and cooling needs of urban centers are discussed in detail. Similarly, mitigation options to reduce heat island effects are presented with specific emphasis on dynamic cool roofs. In addition, challenges to design and retrofit cities to be smart and connected with smart grids are described.
The Transport of Freshwater Off a Multi-Inlet Coastline

The inner continental shelf waters between South Carolina and northern Florida are weakly stratified by the many sources of freshwater ejected from the land. The mixing of freshwater in this zone is qualitatively similar to that in a partially mixed estuary. However, many inlets along the coast result in a complex orientation to the principal axes of the tidal currents offshore and the resulting mixing processes are non-homogeneous in the alongshore direction.
A latent state-trait model for analyzing states, traits, situations, method effects, and their interactions.

OBJECTIVE Studies on situation and Person × Situation interaction effects often use only one method of measurement, so that the extent to which the effects may be method-specific cannot be determined. We introduce a new multimethod latent state-trait model for random and fixed situations (MM-LST-RF), which allows examining person, situation, and Person × Situation interaction effects in the context of multimethod measurement designs (e.g., studies with multiple reporters), and discuss potential areas of application for the new model in personality research. METHOD The new model allows analyzing novel features of multimethod, multi-situation data, including (a) the convergent validity and method specificity of trait (person) effects, situation effects, and Person × Situation interaction effects; (b) the degree of situation specificity of method effects; and (c) potential Method × Situation interactions. An application to smoker's affect (N = 235; 57% female; 93% Caucasian) before and after quitting smoking is presented with positively and negatively worded items as methods. RESULTS The MM-LST-RF model fit the smoking data well. Method specificity of many effects was high. CONCLUSIONS The MM-LST-RF model provides researchers with a new framework for testing method specificity of person, situation, and interaction effects.
Creativity and tolerance of ambiguity in fashion design students

ABSTRACTCreativity is the development of new ideas and original products in a novel and appropriate way. A creative fashion designer needs traits that encourage evolution of creative ideas and concepts during the design process. This research examined creativity and tolerance of ambiguity in fashion design students via an online survey. The final sample consisted of 100 students from ten universities with fashion design progams. Fashion design students did not differ in tolerance of ambiguity based on level in school. Participants were divided into four creativity groups based on mean and standard deviation of the Iowa Inventiveness Inventory. The highest creativity group scored highest on tolerance of ambiguity; the lowest creativity group scored lowest on tolerance of ambiguity. Results of this study support that creative individuals are more tolerant of ambiguity than less creative individuals.
Discerning Chemical Pressure amidst Weak Potentials: Vibrational Modes and Dumbbell/Atom Substitution in Intermetallic Aluminides

The space requirements of atoms are generally regarded as key constraints in the structures, reactivity, and physical properties of chemical systems. However, the empirical nature of such considerations renders the elucidation of these size effects with first-principles calculations challenging. DFT-chemical pressure (DFT-CP) analysis, in which the output of DFT calculations is used to construct maps of the local pressures acting between atoms due to lattice constraints, is one productive approach to extracting the role of atomic size in the crystal structures of materials. While in principle this method should be applicable to any system for which DFT is deemed an appropriate treatment, so far it has worked most successfully when semicore electrons are included in the valence set of each atom to supply an explicit repulsive response to compression. In this Article, we address this limiting factor, using as model systems intermetallics based on aluminum, a key component in many structurally interesting phases that is not amenable to modeling with a semicore pseudopotential. Beginning with the Laves phase CaAl2, we illustrate the difficulties of creating a CP scheme that reflects the compound's phonon band structure with the original method due to minimal core responses on the Al atoms. These deficiencies are resolved through a spatial mapping of three energetic terms that were previously treated as homogeneous background effects: the Ewald, Eα, and nonlocal pseudopotential components. When charge transfer is factored into the integration scheme, CP schemes consistent with the phonon band structure are obtainable for CaAl2, regardless of whether Ca is modeled with a semicore or valence-only pseudopotential. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the revised method through its application to the La3Al11 structure, which is shown to soothe CPs that would be encountered in a hypothetical BaAl4-type parent phase through the substitution of selected Al2 pairs with single Al atoms. La3Al11 then emerges as an example of a more general phenomenon, CP-driven substitutions of simple motifs.
Friends or foes? Examining platform owners’ entry into complementors’ spaces

As platform owners continue to expand their ecosystems, many of them have started to provide consumers with their own complementary applications. These moves position the platform owners as direct competitors to their complementors. This paper surveys empirical studies that examine the direct entry of platform owners into complementors’ product spaces. It finds that both the motivation and impact of such entries on complementors are multifaceted. The motivation behind platform owners’ direct entry goes beyond value capture, and the impact of platform entry on complementors varies across empirical settings. It identifies several future research directions that can help advance our understanding of the relationships between platform owners and complementors.
Relaxation in systems with hierarchical organization: Analytical derivation of the relaxation and dispersion functions

Abstract We report a successful attempt to derive a closed-form expression for the relaxation function of a complex system by solving a set of coupled kinetic equations connecting the excitation/de-excitation rates to the number of particles (such as electrical charges, dipoles, etc.) in excited states. Our approach, originating from developments in dielectric and mechanical relaxation studies, allows the use of a unified treatment for a wide array of natural processes which often pose challenges to theoretical modeling. We use the notions that (i) a dipole represents any pair formed by a particle in an excited state (such as an energy level in optically excited molecules, or an electrode in dielectric spectroscopy) and its image in the ground state (or reference electrode), that (ii) coupling between such dipoles may be described as particle transfer from one excited state to another with lower energy, and that (iii) the relaxation function for such a system of dipoles is mathematically equivalent to the cumulative distribution function of particles, i.e., the total number of particles that are still in an excited state at a time t following excitation. Taken together, these ideas naturally lead to the identification of two types of relaxation – parallel and serial relaxation – and allow one to tackle systems with either geometrical or physical self-similarity within a unified mathematical scheme.
The origin and evolution of a favorite fruit.

The origin of strawberry is truly global, involving both natural processes and human intervention. The strawberry genome sequence provides support for an influential hypothesis of genome dominance.
Remember the titans: The lived curriculum of Black physical education teacher education scholars in the U.S.

The intent of this article is to present four historical physical education teacher educators as role models for intellectuals in academia and in particular, Black scholars in teacher education. Ut...
Abstract 1904: Versican production is driven by both epithelial and stromal cells in pancreatic cancer

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) recently became the third-deadliest cancer due to resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in PDAC is thought to contribute to this resistance, with up to 80% of the tumor bulk consisting of stroma. We investigated the role of two major stromal cell types, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and macrophages, in the production of the immunosuppressive proteoglycan versican (VCAN) as a precursor to the identification of novel mechanisms that may enhance therapeutic response. Methods: B6 KPC mice were utilized as a murine model of PDAC. A human PDAC tissue microarray (TMA) was developed representing normal and neoplastic pancreatic tissue across 131 patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to determine levels of VCAN and CD8+ T cells. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were differentiated from BALB/c mouse femurs and polarized to M1 (antitumor) or M2 (protumor) status. Additionally, PDAC organotypic spheroids were derived from both human and murine tissues whereas PSCs were derived solely from human tissue. Results: IHC analysis of KPC tumors revealed elevated levels of stromal VCAN compared to normal pancreatic tissue (p Conclusions: The accumulation of VCAN is common in PDAC and correlates with CD8+ T cell exclusion. Epithelial and stromal components are responsible for VCAN production. VCAN deserves further investigation as a target for therapeutic interventions for PDAC. Citation Format: Hanna R. Rainiero, Philip B. Emmerich, Chelsie K. Sievers, Connor J. Maloney, Rosabella T. Pitera, Susan N. Payne, Mitchell G. Depke, Cheri A. Pasch, Linda Clipson, Jillian K. Johnson, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Fotis Asimakopoulos, Dustin A. Deming. Versican production is driven by both epithelial and stromal cells in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1904.
A Model for Recruiting and Preparing New Rural Special Educators: Mining an Untapped Potential

Special education teachers continue to be in short supply. The shortage is especially significant in rural areas. Identifying pools of potential new rural special educators is a challenging prospec...
Comparing health benefit calculations for alternative energy futures

Emissions from energy production, conversion, and use are associated with adverse effects on human health and climate. We use the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and the Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP) to quantify effects of three potential emission abatement policies in the USA. The policies impose emission fees designed to internalize externalities associated with ozone and particulate matter (PM) pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. A business as usual case is compared to policies in which fees are applied to energy sector emissions of health impacting pollutants: NOx, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and/or greenhouse gases: CO2 and CH4. Net policy benefits are calculated by summing the health and climate benefits and subtracting the increased energy system cost. For comparison with the detailed model results, benefits are also estimated by the simplified approach of multiplying emission changes by fixed estimates of health damages per ton of emissions. Annual net benefits in 2045 are $173 billion with health-related fees and $116 billion with climate-based fees. A combined policy, with fees on emissions of both greenhouse gases (GHG) and health impacting pollutants, has annual net benefits of $189 billion in 2045. Co-benefits are unevenly distributed. Health benefits of GHG fees are only 40% as large as health benefits from air quality fees. Climate benefits of health fees are 87% as large as those from climate-based fees. Thus, each policy has comparable climate benefits, but air quality and corresponding health improvements are smaller when not specifically targeted.
In-Situ Mechanical Characterization as a Function of Temperature

Mechanical properties of materials are highly sensitive to temperature changes. In-situ characterization approach can be utilized to probe temperature dependence of the mechanical properties at multiple length scales. This chapter introduces the principles and techniques for high- and low-temperature mechanical testing with simultaneous real-time imaging. Temperature-dependent characterization requires specialized instrumentation which allows for effective sample heating or cooling. Challenges associated with thermal drift, system compliances, thermal expansion, radiation, and image quality are addressed from the standpoint of high-temperature in-situ instrumentation design. Strategies to overcome or minimize these issues are discussed in the chapter. The chapter discusses in-situ temperature-dependent characterization by indentation, compression, flexural, and tensile testing techniques. The transition in deformation characteristics in different temperature regimes is presented through case studies. Mechanical characterization at different temperatures is helpful to decipher plasticity parameters, such as Peierls stress or activation energy. The applications of high-temperature testing for in-situ observation of creep mechanisms, fatigue deformation, and temperature-dependent fracture behavior of thin films are presented in the chapter. The high- and low-temperature in-situ testing is also shown to be useful for selectively activating and studying different slip systems in materials. Therefore, in-situ testing as a function of temperature is a promising approach for engineering superior materials with extreme environment applications.
Self-identity and personal identity

The key to understanding self-identity is identifying the transcendental structures that make a temporally extended, continuous, and unified experiential life possible. Self-identity is rooted in the formal, temporalizing structure of intentional experience that underlies psychological continuity. Personal identity, by contrast, is rooted in the content of the particular flow of experience, in particular and primarily, in the convictions adopted passively or actively in reflection by a self-identical subject in the light of her social and traditional inheritances. Secondarily, a person’s identity is rooted in others’ characterizations of that person in the light of the social conventions and constructs of the cultures and traditions that have shaped the personal identity of the ones who make the attributions. Personal identity, on this view, is fundamentally rooted in beliefs, traits—especially character traits—sentiments, and moods, that is, in the subject’s convictions about the true, the good, and the right—and in the commitments to the pursuit of (apparently) worthwhile goods and to the practical identities rooted in those convictions.
Distributed Representation of Taste Quality by Second-Order Gustatory Neurons in Drosophila

SUMMARY Sweet and bitter compounds excite different sensory cells and drive opposing behaviors. It is commonly thought that the neural circuits linking taste sensation to behavior conform to a labeled-line architecture, but in Drosophila, evidence for labeled lines beyond first-order neurons is lacking. To address this, we devised trans-Tango(activity), a strategy for calcium imaging of second-order gustatory projection neurons based on trans-Tango, a genetic transsynaptic tracing technique. We found distinct projection neuron populations that respond to sweet and bitter tastants. However, the bitter-responsive population was also activated by water alone. We further discovered that bitter tastants evoke activity upon both stimulus onset and offset. Bitter offset responses are exhibited by both first- and second-order gustatory neurons, but these responses are distributed among multiple types of projection neurons in the second order. These findings suggest a more complex coding scheme for gustatory information than can be explained by a labeled line model.
Transport of the First Rocks of the Solar System by X-winds

It has been suggested that chondrules and calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) were formed at the inner edge of the protoplanetary disk and then entrained in magnetocentrifugal X-winds. We study trajectories of such solid bodies with the consideration of the central star gravity, the protoplanetary disk gravity, and the gas drag of the wind. The efficiency of the gas drag depends on a parameter η, which is the product of the solid body size and density. We find that the gravity of the protoplanetary disk has a non-negligible effect on the trajectories. If a solid body re-enters the flared disk, the re-entering radius depends on the stellar magnetic dipole moment, the disk’s gravity, the parameter η, and the initial launching angle. The disk’s gravity can make the re-entering radius lower by up to 30%. We find a threshold η, denoted as ηt , for any particular configuration of the X-wind, below which the solid bodies will be expelled from the planetary system. ηt sensitively depends on the initial launching angle, and also depends on the mass of the disk. Only the solid bodies with an η larger than but very close to ηt can be launched to a re-entering radius larger than 1 AU. This size-sorting effect may explain why chondrules come with a narrow range of sizes within each chondritic class. In general, the size distributions of CAIs and chondrules in chondrites can be determined from the initial size distribution as well as the distribution over the initial launching angle.
Four pillars of Luhmann’s analytical apparatus: Applications for communication research

By extending Andersen’s (2003) propositions, the current paper formalizes Luhmann’s four fundamental analytical frameworks and proposes a model that delineates the relations among them. That is, with the form analysis as the base framework, observation analysis is considered the social extension of form analysis as it involves the distinction observer / observed or ego / alter. Differentiation analysis is described as the factual extension of form as it distinguishes a system (this) and everything else (in its environment). Finally, semantic analysis is considered the temporal extension of form analysis as it focuses on the condensation of meaning over time. In addition, to overcome the abstractness of descriptions in the existing literature, this paper suggests the workable definitions that operationalize the analytical frames. Rich research examples are also presented to demonstrate the broad applicability of the four frameworks in communication research and their analytical gains. These theory-driven analytical frameworks are expected to provide meaningful connections between empirical data and theories, thereby enriching the field of communication research. In turn, more empirical applications will contribute to Luhmann’s systems theory by bringing in productive insights.
Catheter Ablation Outcomes for Atrial Arrhythmias in Breast Cancer

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation for atrial arrhythmias in breast cancer patients.BackgroundBreast cancer patients undergo various therapies such as surgical intervention, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy which may lead them to be at increased procedural risk compared to non-cancer patients. Catheter ablation in breast cancer patients is not well studied. MethodsConsecutive patients with breast cancer undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter from January 2010 to November 2020 at Mayo Clinic were propensity matched in a 1:1 ratio to patients with no history of any cancer. The primary outcome for safety was a composite endpoint of eight post-ablation complications, including the development of cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, phrenic nerve damage, atrioesophageal fistulas, stroke, MI, clinically relevant bleeding, and post-ablation infections. Efficacy outcomes included symptomatic improvement, recurrent arrhythmias, and the need for repeat ablations.ResultsOverall, 41 female patients with breast cancer and 41 female patients with no history of cancer were included. Both groups had similar echocardiographic, baseline, and arrhythmia characteristics. They had similar mapping (p=0.38), ablation (p=0.74), energy delivery (p=0.87), and total procedure times (p=0.67). Breast cancer patients were at increased risk of post-ablation complications (43.9% vs 9.76%, p<0.05) driven by a higher risk of bleeding (p=0.03) and with a worse survival post-ablation albeit non-cardiac etiology (p=0.30). ConclusionIn a propensity matched cohort, we found breast cancer patients have an increased risk of developing complications post-ablation, in particular a higher risk of clinically relevant bleeding.
Factors Associated With 7-Day Follow-Up Outpatient Mental Healthcare in Older Adults Hospitalized for Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt, and Self-Harm.

ABSTRACT Objective Older adults are one of the fastest growing age groups seeking emergency care for suicidal ideation and self-harm. Timely follow-up outpatient mental healthcare is important to suicide prevention, yet little is known about predictors of care continuity following hospital discharge. This study identified patient-, hospital-, and regional-level factors associated with 7-day follow-up outpatient mental healthcare in suicidal older adults. Methods Retrospective cohort analysis using 2015 Medicare data for adults aged ≥65 years hospitalized for suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or deliberate self-harm (n = 27,257) linked with the American Hospital Association survey and Area Health Resource File. Rates and adjusted risk ratios stratified by patient, hospital, and regional variables were assessed for 7-day follow-up outpatient mental healthcare. Results Overall, 30.3% of patients received follow-up mental healthcare within 7 days of discharge. However, follow-up rates were higher for patients with any mental healthcare within 30 days prehospitalization (43.7%) compared to patients with no recent mental healthcare (15.7%). Longer length of stay and care in psychiatric hospitals were associated with higher odds of follow-up. For patients with no mental healthcare in the 30 days prehospitalization, discharge from hospitals that were large, system-affiliated, academic medical centers, or provided hospitalist-based care were associated with lower odds of follow-up. Females were more likely to receive 7-day follow-up, whereas non-white patients were less likely to receive follow-up care. Conclusion Timely follow-up is influenced by multiple patient, hospital, and community characteristics. Findings highlight the need for quality improvement to promote successful transitions from inpatient to outpatient care.
Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy detects differences between normal human lymphocytes, activated lymphocytes and leukemia.

Abstract Raman spectroscopy is a laser-based analytical technique that enables chemical characterization of molecules in a sample. It is based on the inelastic scattering of photons by molecular bond vibrations. A Raman spectrum obtained from single cells is an intrinsic molecular fingerprint of the sample, revealing detailed information about DNA, RNA, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content as well as macromolecular conformations. This technique is rapid, non-invasive and non-destructive. We have demonstrated that single-cell laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) reliably discriminates between normal human T- and B-lymphocytes and their transformed, Jurkat-T and Raji-B, counterparts. Herein the same technique is used to discern normal human T- and B-cells from T- and preB-leukemia cells. Also, demonstrated are Raman spectra changes that result from the activation of normal T-cells with a combination of TPA and ionomycin, and normal B-cells by cross linkage of surface immunoglobulin. T- and B-cells were isolated from healthy volunteers. T- and preB-leukemia cells were isolated from patient samples. Spectra are both compared directly and analyzed by principal component analysis. Significant Raman spectra differences in characteristic DNA and protein signals discriminate between normal cells and their leukemia counterparts. Human leukemia cells were indistinguishable from Jurkat-T and Raji-B cells. Changes in spectra that result from cell activation and proliferation only partially account for the spectra changes of leukemia cells. These data demonstrate the utility of LTRS to discern normal lymphocytes from both transformed cells and leukemia cells.
Feedback Stabilization of Linear Systems with Parametric Uncertainties: a Multimodel Guaranteed Cost Approach

This paper proposes the framework of multimodel guaranteed cost (MMGC) control for the robust feedback stabilization of LTI plants subject to parametric uncertainties. The idea of this method is as follows. First we partition the domain of uncertain parameters into subregions whose sizes are determined by a chosen "resolution level." Then, on each subregion we define an Algebraic Riccati Equation (ARE), such that the existence of a positive definite solution guarantees robust stability over the subregion. Finally, we search for a common feedback law which results in a positive definite solution for each of these ARE. This search is performed by solving an auxiliary minimization problem (AMP), which is made convex by choice of a parameter.
Culture in International Parental Kidnapping Mediations

The Montenegrin people have a saying: “the peacemaker gets two-thirds of the blows.” This article is written for those peacemakers who will step up to meet the challenge of mediating an international parental kidnapping case. These cases involve much more than knowing some family law—they involve complex emotions, strict time constraints, multiple nations’ laws and policies, intricate international treaties, juggling interpreters, attorneys, government officials, judges, and parents who may be physically located thousands of miles apart, and the blunt reality that you may have no understanding of either parent’s cultural customs or the way each will communicate with the other parent or with you. While the “culture” part of the mediation may appear to be the least significant element, it could be key to the success of the mediation. Nonetheless, “culture” has only recently begun to be incorporated into mediator trainings, and is very much a mere “afterthought” in the process. This paper will discuss “culture” by examining basic elements of communication, views of families and children, its effects on the mediation itself, and what should be incorporated into a training program for mediators.
A high precision and high speed voltage-mode loser/winner-take-all circuit

This paper presents a voltage-mode loser/winner-take-all circuit that has high speed and accuracy with low power consumption and which is suitable for LED driver applications. The implementation mixes analog and digital circuits in order to help in improving precision. The design is based on a hysteretic comparator and, as such, achieves a very fast response time. The circuit is implemented in the IBM-180 nm process and operates with a supply of 1.8 V and 20 µA current. Simulated results show that the circuit can detect differences as low as 3 mV between multiple inputs with almost no offset and maximum of 1.5 mV offset if the input difference is less than 3 mV. The simulated delay of the circuit is less than 10 ns during an input transition.
Genetics of Neonatal Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases

Genetic predisposition has been widely studied in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases and has been found to play a significant role in pathogenesis, although the environment, including dietary habits, chemicals and hygienic conditions have been postulated to influence expression of these diseases as well. The autoimmune diseases most prevalent in the newborn include neonatal lupus and neonatal antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. The diseases are characterised by maternal antibodies to SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La). The genetics underlying these diseases have been found to involve both HLA and non-HLA associations. The neonatal autoinflammatory diseases include the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), of which familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), Muckle–Wells syndrome (MWS) and neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory diseases (NOMID) are the three distinct phenotypes resulting from mutations in the CIAS 1 gene (NLRP3 gene). The gene mutation in CAPS are gain-of-function mutation of the NLRP3 gene coding for cryopyrin, resulting in dysfunctional inflammasomes. A defect in the inflammasome leads to overproduction of interleukin-1, resulting in inflammatory symptoms seen in CAPS. Understanding the genetics responsible for neonatal lupus, neonatal antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and CAPS may drive future research into an elucidation of complex pathophysiologic mechanisms of these diseases and perhaps ultimately lead to better treatment modalities. Key Concepts: Diseases that involve immune dysfunction in the neonate include neonatal autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions, along with the more well-defined immunodeficiency syndromes. The genetics of neonatal autoimmunity and neonatal autoinflammatory syndromes are very different. In addition to a genetic component, the pathogenesis of these two groups of diseases may also involve an epigenetic and environmental component. The presence of a common genetic defect may result in different clinical phenotypes, as illustrated by the three CAPS syndromes. Treatment of these diseases is dependent on an increased knowledge of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Genetic counselling is an important component of the management of these diseases. Keywords: autoimmune disease; autoinflammatory disease; neonatal lupus; neonatal antiphospholipid syndrome; Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS); familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS); Muckle–Wells syndrome (MWS); neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID); NLRP3; CIAS 1
Evidence for the continuous latent structure of mania and depression in out-patients with bipolar disorder: results from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD).

Background Evidence supporting the continuous latent structure of mood phenomena has not been incorporated into psychiatric diagnostic systems, in part because the evidence has been incomplete. For example, no studies have investigated the boundary between ‘sick’ and ‘well’ periods in individuals with bipolar disorder, despite agreement that characterization of mood disorders as having a discrete episodic course is inaccurate. The present study examined the validity of mood episode symptom thresholds in out-patients with bipolar disorder using multiple methodologies: taxometrics and information-theoretic latent distribution modeling (ITLDM), to evaluate the continuity/discontinuity of mood symptoms; and structural equation mixture modeling (SEMM), to evaluate the continuity/discontinuity of associations between mood symptoms and general functioning. Method A total of 3721 out-patients with bipolar disorder from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) were available for analysis. Data were collected at participants’ baseline STEP-BD visit. Taxometric [maximum covariance/means above minus below a cut (MAXCOV/MAMBAC) with simulated comparison data], ITLDM and SEMM methods were applied twice, once to the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale and again to the Young Mania Rating Scale. Results Taxometric results unequivocally supported a continuous interpretation of the data. ITLDM results favored many valued ‘discrete metrical’ models, suggesting that mood symptoms have continuous, but potentially non-normally distributed, latent structures in out-patients with bipolar disorder. Finally, SEMM results demonstrated that latent associations between mood symptoms and general functioning were linear. Conclusions Results from the present study argue against the validity of DSM mood episode thresholds and argue for a graded continuum of care of bipolar symptom management.
IMPACT OF MITRAL REGURGITATION ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY AND SUBSEQUENT INCOMPLETE REVASCULARIZATION IN THE SETTING OF JEOPARDIZED MYOCARDIUM

Controversy remains regarding how to manage patients with significant mitral regurgitation (MR) and severe ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). We sought to assess the impact of significant MR in the setting of subsequent incomplete revascularization (IR) with jeopardized myocardium (JM) in patients with
Dynamics of ordered water in interfacial enzyme recognition: bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2.

Slippery when wet: Water molecules at the interface between a protein (e.g. bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2) and a micellar substrate act as a lubricant and facilitate movement and binding of the protein at the surface (see picture). Studies of the hydration dynamics before and after complexation reveal that these interactions are crucial for enzymatic function.
A national standard for bibliographic references

Bibliographic references to a wide variety of informational materials can be prepared by using the examples presented in this abbreviated version of the forthcoming American National Standard for Bibliographic References. Types of materials described are journals, monographs, patents, conference proceedings, reports, legal materials, newspapers, trade catalogs, letters, manuscripts, dissertations, maps, music (printed), sound recordings, motion pictures, audiovisual materials, video-recordings, art works, computer programs, and data files.