cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SELECTING CRIME DRAMA AND APPREHENSION ABOUT CRIME

Subjects' initial apprehension about crime was manipulated via exposure to a specially edited crime documentary or control film. They were then given an opportunity to select films to be viewed from a list. This list contained film descriptions that varied (according to a pretest) in the degree to which they featured victimization and justice restoration. Analysis of the victimization scores of the films selected indicated that apprehensive subjects (those exposed to the crime documentary) chose films with less victimization than their counterparts in the control group. Analysis of the justice restoration scores indicated that apprehensive subjects chose films that featured more justice than their counterparts in the control group. These findings are consistent with several selective exposure rationales for the well-documented relationship between exposure to television—and crime drama in particular—and fear of crime. These rationales are fully discussed and the findings of the present study are reconciled with earlier research on the relationship between television exposure and fear of crime, including research on the cultivation of fear via television exposure.
Estimating the dose–toxicity curve in completed phase I studies

While there is an extensive amount of literature covering prospective designs for phase I trials, the methodology for analyzing these data is limited. Prospective designs select the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) through a dose escalation scheme based on a model or on empirical rules. For example, the '3 + 3' method (standard method: SM) assigns patients in cohorts of three and expands to six if one toxicity is observed. It has been shown previously that the MTD chosen by the SM may be low, possibly leading to a non-efficacious dose. Additionally, when deviation from the original trial design occurs, the rules for determining MTD might not be applicable. We hypothesize that a retrospective analysis would suggest an MTD that is more accurate than the one obtained by the SM. A weighted Continual Reassessment Method (CRM-w) has been suggested (Biometrics 2005; 61:749-756) for analyzing data obtained from designs other than the prospective Continual Reassessment Method (CRM). However, CRM-w has not been evaluated in trials that follow the SM design. In this study, we propose a method to analyze completed phase I trials and possibly confirm or amend the recommended phase II dose, based on a constrained maximum likelihood estimation (CMLE). A comparison of CRM-w, isotonic regression, and CMLE in analyzing simulated SM trials shows that CMLE more accurately selects the true MTD than SM, and is better or comparable to isotonic regression and CRM-w. Confidence intervals around the toxicity probabilities at each dose level are estimated using the cumulative toxicity data. A programming code is included.
Towards multilingual education: Basque educational research from an international perspective, by Cenoz, J.

Towards Multilingual Education is a book that portrays the education system within the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) to be as diverse as its population, informing discourse about multilingual e...
Carbohydrate supplementation affects blood granulocyte and monocyte trafficking but not function after 2.5 h or running.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to determine the influence of carbohydrate supplementation on the granulocyte and monocyte response to 2.5 h of high-intensity running [76.7 ± 0.4% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max)]. Thirty experienced marathon runners (VO 2 max 53.4 ± 1.0 mL. kg -1 . min -1 , age 41.5 ± 1.4 y) were randomly assigned to carbohydrate-supplement (n = 17) and placebo (n = 13) groups. Subjects rested for 10-15 min before a blood sample was taken at 0715, and then ingested 0.75 L carbohydrate beverage or placebo. At 0730 subjects began running at 75-80% of VO 2 max for 2.5 h, and drank 0.25 L carbohydrate or placebo fluid every 15 min. Immediately after the 2.5-h run (1000), another blood sample was taken, followed by 1.5-h, 3-h, and 6-h recovery samples. Carbohydrate supplementation had a significant effect compared with placebo on the pattern of change in plasma glucose and cortisol, and the blood concentration of neutrophils (F [4, 112] = 5.13, P = 0.001) and monocytes (F [4, 112] = 4.78, P = 0.001), but not on blood granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis or oxidative burst activity after 2.5 h of intensive running.
Kinetics of Nitric Oxide and Oxygen Gases on Porous Y-Stabilized ZrO2-Based Sensors

Using impedance spectroscopy the electrical response of sensors with various porous Y-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) microstructures was measured for gas concentrations containing 0–100 ppm NO with 10.5%O2 at temperatures ranging from 600–700 °C. The impedance response increased substantially as the sensor porosity increased from 46%–50%. Activation energies calculated based on data from the impedance measurements increased in magnitude (97.4–104.9 kJ/mol for 100 ppm NO) with respect to increasing YSZ porosity. Analysis of the oxygen partial pressure dependence of the sensors suggested that dissociative adsorption was the dominant rate limiting. The PWC/DNP theory level was used to investigate the gas-phase energy barrier of the 2NO+O2→2NO2 reaction on a 56-atom YSZ/Au model cluster using Density Functional Theory and Linear Synchronous Transit/Quadratic Synchronous Transit calculations. The reaction path shows oxygen surface reactions that begin with NO association with adsorbed O2 on a Zr surface site, followed by O2 dissociative adsorption, atomic oxygen diffusion, and further NO2 formation. The free energy barrier was calculated to be 181.7 kJ/mol at PWC/DNP. A qualitative comparison with the extrapolated data at 62% ± 2% porosity representing the YSZ model cluster indicates that the calculated barriers are in reasonable agreement with experiments, especially when the RPBE functional is used.
Seasonal associations and atmospheric transport distances of fungi in the genus Fusarium collected with unmanned aerial vehicles and ground-based sampling devices

Abstract Spores of fungi in the genus Fusarium may be transported through the atmosphere over long distances. New information is needed to characterize seasonal trends in atmospheric loads of Fusarium and to pinpoint the source(s) of inoculum at both local (farm) and regional (state or country) scales. We hypothesized that (1) atmospheric concentrations of Fusarium spores in an agricultural ecosystem vary with height and season and (2) transport distances from potential inoculum source(s) vary with season. To test these hypotheses, spores of Fusarium were collected from the atmosphere in an agricultural ecosystem in Blacksburg, VA, USA using a Burkard volumetric sampler (BVS) 1 m above ground level and autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) 100 m above ground level. More than 2200 colony forming units (CFUs) of Fusarium were collected during 104 BVS sampling periods and 180 UAV sampling periods over four calendar years (2009–2012). Spore concentrations ranged from 0 to 13 and 0 to 23 spores m−3 for the BVS and the UAVs, respectively. Spore concentrations were generally higher in the fall, spring, and summer, and lower in the winter. Spore concentrations from the BVS were generally higher than those from the UAVs for both seasonal and hourly collections. A Gaussian plume transport model was used to estimate distances to the potential inoculum source(s) by season, and produced mean transport distances of 1.4 km for the spring, 1.7 km for the summer, 1.2 km for the fall, and 4.1 km for the winter. Environmental signatures that predict atmospheric loads of Fusarium could inform disease spread, air pollution, and climate change.
Next-generation sequencing and genetic diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Over 70 different Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT)–associated genes have now been discovered and their number is growing. Conventional genetic testing for all CMT genes is cumbersome, expensive, and impractical in an individual patient. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology allows cost-effective sequencing of large scale DNA, even entire exome (coding sequences) or whole genome and thus, NGS platform can be employed to effectively target a large number or all CMT-related genes for accurate diagnosis. This overview discusses how NGS can be strategically used for genetic diagnosis in patients with CMT or unexplained neuropathy. A comment is made to combine simple clinical and electrophysiological algorithm to assign patients to major CMT subtypes and then employ NGS to screen for all known mutations in the subtype-specific CMT gene panel.
Temporal vs discriminative factors in the maintenance of conditioned suppression: A test of the information hypothesis

The Egger-Miller information hypothesis was tested in the CER situation using a nonoverlapping compound conditioning procedure. Six rats were given both delayed and compound conditioning trials consisting of identical CS-US intervals. The findings provided no support for the hypothesis, and further indicated that temporal factors contributed only partially to attenuated suppression in S1.
Diffuse and streamer regions of sprites

[1] The observed altitude stratification in large number of sprite events, exhibiting a sharp transition between the upper diffuse and lower streamer regions, is used in conjunction with a theoretical model to establish correspondence between sprite luminosity and the ambient mesospheric/lower ionospheric conductivity profile. The reported results provide new means for remote sensing of the lower ionosphere using sprite luminosity.
Scheduling communication on an SMP node parallel machine

Distributed-memory parallel computers and networks of workstations (NOWs) both rely on efficient communication over increasingly high-speed networks. Software communication protocols are often the performance bottleneck. Several current and proposed parallel systems address this problem by dedicating one general-purpose processor in a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) node specifically for protocol processing. This scheduling convention reduces communication latency and increases effective bandwidth but also reduces the peak performance since the dedicated processor no longer performs computation. In this paper, we study a parallel machine with SMP nodes and compare two protocol processing policies: Fixed, which uses a dedicated protocol processor; and Floating, where all processors perform both computation and protocol processing. The results from synthetic microbenchmarks and five macrobenchmarks show that: (i) a dedicated protocol processor benefits light-weight protocols much more than heavy-weight protocols; (ii) fixed improves performance over Floating when communication becomes the bottleneck, which is more likely when the application is very communication-intensive, overheads are very high, or there are multiple (i.e., more than two) processors per node; (iii) a system with optimal cost-effectiveness is likely to include a dedicated protocol processor, at least for light-weight protocols.
Si nanoparticle-decorated Si nanowire networks for Li-ion battery anodes

We designed and fabricated binder-free, 3D porous silicon nanostructures for Li-ion battery anodes, where Si nanoparticles electrically contact current collectors via vertically grown silicon nanowires. When compared with a Si nanowire anode, the areal capacity was increased by a factor of 4 without having to use long, high temperature steps under vacuum that vapour–liquid–solid Si nanowire growth entails.
A New Look at Locomotion in Microorganisms: Rotating and Translating

SYNOPSIS. The locomotion and orientation of free-swimming microorganisms have been widely studied for more than a century. With few exceptions, only the two-dimensional translational velocity of the organism in question is ever reported, yet a complete description of motion requires a three-dimensional description of both the translational and rotational velocities. Recent theoretical work, considering both the translational and rotational velocities, has demonstrated that a previously unrecognized orientation mechanism exists—helical klinotaxis. Efforts to test the predictions of this theory are described, concluding that helical klinotaxis is probably utilized by a diverse assemblage of free-swimming microorganisms.
Functional polymers and sequential copolymers by phase-transfer catalysis. 15. Thermotropic copolyethers based on 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, bisphenol a and 1,9-dibromononane

Thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) copolyethers have been synthesized from 1,9-dibromononane, a nonmesogenic bisphenol (4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol [BPA]) and a mesogenic bisphenol (4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl [HB]) by a two-phase (organic solvent—aqueous NaOH) phase-transfer catalyzed polyetherification. LC polyethers were obtained for copolymers containing as much as 70 mol % BPA. Optical polarizing microscopy and DSC have revealed smectic mesomorphism for all the copolyethers. The influence of both copolymer composition and microstructural changes, including the nature of the chain ends, upon the mesomorphic properties of these copolyethers have been discussed.
Redundant alphabets with desirable frequency spectrum properties

When alphabets of digital symbols are used to represent information for data processing, storage, and transmission, redundancy in the alphabets is traditionally used for the purpose of error compensation. This paper deals with alphabets of redundant codes, both binary and higher level, where the emphasis is on using redundancy to produce code alphabets with unique properties in their frequency spectra that can be exploited in the design of the system in which they are used. In particular, techniques are presented for synthesizing alphabets that produce spectral nulls at frequencies 1/kT, where T is the duration of a word element. Some of the interesting alphabets are a 10-word, 5-bit alphabet with spectrum zero at 1/2T; a 10-word, 6-bit alphabet with spectrum zero at 1/3T; a 36-word, 8-bit alphabet with zero at 1/4T; and a 36-word, 8-bit alphabet with zeros at both 0 and 1/2T.
Assessment of Potential Improvements to Metro-Bus Transfers in Bangkok, Thailand

The rail rapid transit (metro) systems in Bangkok, Thailand, lack good intermodal connections. Actions that could improve connections between metros and buses are specified. More than 300 surveys were used to identify passenger perceptions of specific conditions of transfers between subway stations and buses. Passengers expressed high levels of dissatisfaction with specified conditions and the overall transfer experience; this finding suggests that intermodal metro–bus transfers could be greatly improved. The information was used to calibrate importance–satisfaction analysis and ordinal regression models. Model results suggest that the conditions that could have the greatest effect on the overall transfer experience are safety from crime and the distance between subway exits and bus stops.
Neural network modelling of electromagnetic field problems

This paper discusses the application of neural network (NN) technique in the modelling of a typical electromagnetic (EM) field problem consisting of a coaxially-driven dielectric-ring resonator antenna. The NN takes into consideration the geometrical and material parameters of the EM model, and the reflection coefficient values for different frequencies in the bandwidth of interest. The NN is trained off-line using the training sets generated by the finite element method. Once an acceptable NN model is found by simulation it can be implemented in hardware in order to provide the real time behaviour requested for further integration in an EM-CAD tool.
The role of a minority's reference state in ethnic relations

This article presents a model of the triangular relationship between minority, majority, and the minority's reference state which is a feature of many ethnic relations. The presence of a reference state can overcome a potential commitment problem between minority and majority if it is perceived to be both militarily strong and moderately irredentist. Empirical material from Croatia, Transylvania, Estonia and Crimea suggests the plausibility of the model. Russia's role as a reference state is particularly interesting.
Racial disparities in endometrial cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios among Blacks and Whites in South Carolina

Endometrial cancer (EC) exhibits striking racial disparities with higher mortality in Blacks compared to Whites. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) provides a population-based measure of survival which accounts for incidence. The objective of this study was to map EC MIRs by race for eight health regions within South Carolina (SC) and chart EC incidence by race and grade across the four cancer stages. Cancer incidence and mortality data were obtained from the SC Community Access Network (SCAN), the online data query system provided by the SC Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC). The underlying data for SCAN were generated from the SC Central Cancer Registry and SC DHEC Vital Records and used to construct MIRs. ArcGIS 10.1 was used to map EC MIRs by race for eight health regions within SC. Four categories of MIR were derived using the national MIR for EC among Whites as the reference category. Blacks had higher levels of poorly differentiated tumors across all stages and higher incidence and mortality rates. In all eight health regions, Blacks were in the highest MIR category. By contrast, the MIRs for Whites were more evenly represented over the four categories. The MIR proved useful for identifying disparities in EC incidence and mortality among Black and White women in SC. Cancer surveillance programs may use the MIR to monitor disparities across racial/ethnic groups and geographic regions going forward. MIRs have the potential to serve as an indicator of the long-term success of cancer surveillance programs.
Quantum-Mechanical Model of Mössbauer Line Narrowing

A model for M\"ossbauer radiation is developed which includes both radiation and lattice-relaxation processes. The model describes an initially excited nucleus in an excited lattice. Both radiation and relaxation phenomena are treated in lowest order, so that a quantum-mechanical solution is possible. It is found that under certain conditions, M\"ossbauer lines result which are narrower than the natural line, although line broadening is the more usual effect of lattice relaxation. The maximum narrowing in this approximation never exceeds 36% of the natural width.
Self-Assembled Monolayer and Multilayer Films of the Nanocluster [HxPMo12O40⊂H4Mo72Fe30(O2CMe)15O254(H2O)68] on Gold

Films of the molybdenum−iron nanocluster [HxPMo12O40⊂H4Mo72Fe30(O2CMe)15O254(H2O)68] (FeMoC) were generated on gold via the self-assembly technique using two divergent routes. The first route entails the self-assembly of unfunctionalized FeMoC onto a preprepared carboxyl-terminated SAM on gold. The second route involves the preparation of thiol-terminated functionalized FeMoC clusters, which are then allowed to self-assemble onto bare gold surfaces. Monolayer films of FeMoC clusters are attained via both routes, with the second route requiring shorter immersion times (2 days) than the first route (6 days). Multilayer films of FeMoC are formed via the second route for immersion times longer than 2 days. Characterization of these films using optical ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy confirm the self-assembly of the clusters on the surfaces.
A regulatory perspective on missing data in the aftermath of the NRC report

The issuance of a report in 2010 by the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academy of Sciences entitled 'The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials,' commissioned by the US Food and Drug Administration, had an immediate impact on the way that statisticians and clinical researchers in both industry and regulatory agencies think about the missing data problem. We believe that there is currently great potential to improve study quality and interpretability-by reducing the amount of missing data through changes in trial design and conduct and by planning and conducting analyses that better account for the missing information. Here, we describe our view on some of the recommendations in the report and suggest ways in which these recommendations can be incorporated into new or ongoing clinical trials in order to improve their chance of success. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Taurolithocholate-induced cholestasis: taurocholate but not dehydrocholate, reverses cholestasis and bile canalicular membrane injury.

To determine whether taurocholate (TC) prevents taurolithocholate (TLC)-induced cholestasis through its choleretic action or by its micelle-forming properties, studies were performed comparing the effect of simultaneous equimolar infusions of either dehydrocholate (DHC), a nonmicelle-forming bile acid, or TC on TLC-induced changes in bile secretion and bile canalicular membrane morphology. When TC (0.8 μmole min-1) was simultaneously infused for 1 hr with TLC (0.6 μmole min -1), bile flow increased by 45% in contrast to combined DHC (0.8 μmole min-1) and TLC infusions where bile flow was observed to decline by 20%. When TLC was infused alone, bile flow declined by 65% and a parallel reduction in [14C] erythritol clearance was also observed although [3H]inulin clearance remained unchanged. This maintenance of the clearance of [3H]inulin corresponded with a 3-fold rise in bile to plasma [3H]inulin ratios from the preinfusion ratio of 0.079 ± 0.005 to 0.241 ± 0.050, 50 min after infusion of TLC. Using equations previously described to relate inert solute clearance to bile flow, the rise in bile to plasma [3H]inulin ratios and the maintenance of [3H]inulin clearance was best explained by an increase in diffusion permeability of the biliary tract. Simultaneous infusions of TC prevented TLC-induced changes in inulin permeability to a greater extent than simultaneous infusions of DHC. TC also reversed the injurious effect of TLC on the scanning electron microscopic appearance of the bile canalicular membrane whereas DHC only partially prevented these changes. These results suggested that TLC induces cholestasis in part by increasing biliary membrane permeability to bile, and that TC may prevent TLC cholestasis and canalicular membrane injury primarily by its capacity to solubilize TLC in mixed micelles.
Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria as Members of Microbial Communities: Catabolic Food Webs and Biochemical Interactions

Organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) have been isolated from a wide range of anoxic environments worldwide and can easily be enriched in the laboratory. Obligate OHRB generally thrive best in mixed communities as part of anaerobic food webs that typically involve interspecies hydrogen (H2) transfer from fermenters to OHRB, and often OHRB compete for H2 with hydrogenotrophic methanogens. In laboratory enrichments, the community composition of the non-OHRB fraction of the communities is dependent on which electron donor is used for enrichment as well as other factors (e.g., the concentrations of organohalide substrate). In addition to catabolic food webs, other biochemical interactions in these communities include provision of key cofactors (e.g., corrinoids), relief of toxicity due to reactive oxygen species, as well as the organohalides themselves. Multiple OHRB often coexist stably in enrichment cultures and environmental communities. This diversity in OHRB populations creates complex interactions among different OHRB—with the partially dehalogenated end product of one population serving as substrate for other populations. Recent broad surveys of bacterial and archaeal community structure at sites undergoing in situ bioremediation are confirming that fermenters, methanogens, and OHRB are all stimulated by enhanced bioremediation efforts but that aerobes including methanotrophs and organohalide-oxidizing aerobes are also stimulated—especially in downgradient plume regions. The chapter will also discuss roles of OHRB populations in pristine environments including soils and sediments where they dehalogenate naturally produced halogenated organic matter and may compete with sulfate reducers and iron reducers when appropriate electron acceptors are available.
‘Not I’, ‘That Time’ and ‘Footfalls’

Beckett wrote Not I quickly. The original version is dated 20 March to 1 April 1972.1 He intended the premiere performance to be at the Royal Court with Billie Whitelaw whose voice he thought he heard while writing the play, but circumstances intervened that caused Jessica Tandy to originate the role in a production directed by Alan Schneider at the Forum, a small theatre in New York’s Lincoln Center. This performance was one event in a Beckett Festival that included Happy Days with Tandy and her husband, Hume Cronyn, and Cronyn in Krapp’s Last Tape and Act without Words I. Under Beckett’s close supervision Whitelaw performed Not I at the Royal Court in January 1973, in a double bill with Krapp (the protagonist played by Albert Finney).
Neuronix enables continuous, simultaneous neural recording and electrical microstimulation

This paper reports a novel neurotechnology (Neuronix) and its validation through experiments. It is a miniature system-on-chip (SoC) that allows recording with simultaneous electrical microstimulation. This function has not been demonstrated before and enables precise, closed-loop neuromodulation. Neuronix represents recent advancement in brain technology and applies to both animal research and clinical applications.
Numerical modeling of hydraulic fracture propagation, closure and reopening using XFEM with application to in‐situ stress estimation

In this paper, a fully coupled model is developed for numerical modeling of hydraulic fracturing in partially saturated weak porous formations using the extended finite element method, which provides an effective means to simulate the coupled hydro-mechanical processes occurring during hydraulic fracturing. The developed model is for short fractures where plane strain assumptions are valid. The propagation of the hydraulic fracture is governed by the cohesive crack model, which accounts for crack closure and reopening. The developed model allows for fluid flow within the open part of the crack and crack face contact resulting from fracture closure. To prevent the unphysical crack face interpenetration during the closing mode, the crack face contact or self-contact condition is enforced using the penalty method. Along the open part of the crack, the leakage flux through the crack faces is obtained directly as a part of the solution without introducing any simplifying assumption. If the crack undergoes the closing mode, zero leakage flux condition is imposed along the contact zone. An application of the developed model is shown in numerical modeling of pump-in/shut-in test. It is illustrated that the developed model is able to capture the salient features bottomhole pressure/time records exhibit and can extract the confining stress perpendicular to the direction of the hydraulic fracture propagation from the fracture closure pressure.
AMH/MIS as a contraceptive that protects the ovarian reserve during chemotherapy

The ovarian reserve represents the stock of quiescent primordial follicles in the ovary which is gradually depleted during a woman’s reproductive lifespan, resulting in menopause. Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) (or anti-Mullerian hormone/AMH), which is produced by granulosa cells of growing follicles, has been proposed as a negative regulator of primordial follicle activation. Here we show that long-term parenteral administration of superphysiological doses of MIS, using either an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) gene therapy vector or recombinant protein, resulted in a complete arrest of folliculogenesis in mice. The ovaries of MIS-treated mice were smaller than those in controls and did not contain growing follicles but retained a normal ovarian reserve. When mice treated with AAV9/MIS were paired with male breeders, they exhibited complete and permanent contraception for their entire reproductive lifespan, disrupted vaginal cycling, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. However, when ovaries from AAV9-MIS–treated mice were transplanted orthotopically into normal recipient mice, or when treatment with the protein was discontinued, folliculogenesis resumed, suggesting reversibility. One of the important causes of primary ovarian insufficiency is chemotherapy-induced primordial follicle depletion, which has been proposed to be mediated in part by increased activation. To test the hypothesis that MIS could prevent chemotherapy-induced overactivation, mice were given carboplatin, doxorubicin, or cyclophosphamide and were cotreated with AAV9-MIS, recombinant MIS protein, or vehicle controls. We found significantly more primordial follicles in MIS-treated animals than in controls. Thus treatment with MIS may provide a method of contraception with the unique characteristic of blocking primordial follicle activation that could be exploited to prevent the primary ovarian insufficiency often associated with chemotherapy.
Analysis of Sodium Spillage from Primary Containment Following Slug Impact

The sodium spillage phenomenon in large liquid-metal fast breeder reactors (LMFBRs) during highly energetic hypothetical accidents has been investigated. A parametric study of the spillage process ...
Health Care Professionals' Attitudes About Physician-Assisted Death: An Analysis of Their Justifications and the Roles of Terminology and Patient Competency

Abstract Context Health care professionals (HCPs) are crucial to physician-assisted death (PAD) provision. Objectives To quantitatively assess the favorability of justifications for or against PAD legalization among HCPs, the effect of the terms "suicide" and "euthanasia" on their views and their support for three forms of PAD. Methods Our questionnaire presented three cases: physician-assisted suicide, euthanasia for a competent patient, and euthanasia for an incompetent patient with an advance directive for euthanasia. Respondents judged whether each case was ethical and should be legal and selected their justifications from commonly cited reasons. The sample included physician clinicians, researchers, nonphysician clinicians, and other nonclinical staff at a major academic medical center. Results Of 221 HCPs, the majority thought that each case was ethical and should be legal. In order of declining favorability, justifications supporting PAD legalization were relief of suffering, right to die, mercy, acceptance of death, nonabandonment, and saving money for the health care system; opposing justifications were the slippery slope argument, unnecessary due to palliative care, killing patients is wrong, religious views, and suicide is wrong. The use of suicide and euthanasia terminology did not affect responses. Participants preferred physician-assisted suicide to euthanasia for a competent patient (P Conclusions HCPs endorsed patient-centered justifications over other reasons, including role-specific duties. Suicide and euthanasia language did not bias HCPs against PAD, challenging claims that such value-laden terms hinder dialogue. More research is required to understand the significance of competency in shaping attitudes toward PAD.
Mechanisms of Lipid Scrambling by the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Opsin

Summary Several class-A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) proteins act as constitutive phospholipid scramblases catalyzing the transbilayer translocation of >10,000 phospholipids per second when reconstituted into synthetic vesicles. To address the molecular mechanism by which these proteins facilitate rapid lipid scrambling, we carried out large-scale ensemble atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the opsin GPCR. We report that, in the process of scrambling, lipid head groups traverse a dynamically revealed hydrophilic pathway in the region between transmembrane helices 6 and 7 of the protein while their hydrophobic tails remain in the bilayer environment. We present quantitative kinetic models of the translocation process based on Markov State Model analysis. As key residues on the lipid translocation pathway are conserved within the class-A GPCR family, our results illuminate unique aspects of GPCR structure and dynamics while providing a rigorous basis for the design of variants of these proteins with defined scramblase activity.
Development of White Matter Circuitry in Infants With Fragile X Syndrome

Importance Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder and the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability in males. However, there are no published data on brain development in children with FXS during infancy. Objective To characterize the development of white matter at ages 6, 12, and 24 months in infants with FXS compared with that of typically developing controls. Design, Setting, and Participants Longitudinal behavioral and brain imaging data were collected at 1 or more time points from 27 infants with FXS and 73 typically developing controls between August 1, 2008, and June 14, 2016, at 2 academic medical centers. Infants in the control group had no first- or second-degree relatives with intellectual or psychiatric disorders, including FXS and autism spectrum disorder. Main Outcomes and Measures Nineteen major white matter pathways were defined in common atlas space based on anatomically informed methods. Diffusion parameters, including fractional anisotropy, were compared between groups using linear mixed effects modeling. Fiber pathways showing group differences were subsequently examined in association with direct measures of verbal and nonverbal development. Results There were significant differences in the development of 12 of 19 fiber tracts between the 27 infants with FXS (22 boys and 5 girls) and the 73 infants in the control group (46 boys and 27 girls), with lower fractional anisotropy in bilateral subcortical-frontal, occipital-temporal, temporal-frontal, and cerebellar-thalamic pathways, as well as 4 of 6 subdivisions of the corpus callosum. For all 12 of these pathways, there were significant main effects between groups but not for the interaction of age × group, indicating that lower fractional anisotropy was present and stable from age 6 months in infants with FXS. Lower fractional anisotropy values in the uncinate fasciculi were correlated with lower nonverbal developmental quotient in the FXS group (left uncinate, F = 10.06; false discovery rate–corrected P = .03; right uncinate, F = 21.8; P = .004). Conclusions and Relevance The results substantiate in human infants the essential role of fragile X gene expression in the early development of white matter. The findings also suggest that the neurodevelopmental effects of FXS are well established at 6 months of age.
ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY IN MATHEMATICS BASED ON CONCEPT UNDERSTANDING AND MATHEMATICS REASONING ABILITY OF CLASS VIII STUDENTS AT SMPN 29 MAKASSAR

The study aims at examining (1) The presence or not of the influence concept understanding and Mathematics reasoning ability of Problem Solving Ability in Mathematics based either individually or together with students of class VIII SMPN 29 Makassar, and (2) problem solving ability in Mathematics based on concept understanding and Mathematics reasoning ability. The study is descriptive research is a mix-methode with quantitave-qualitative approach. The researcher acted as the instrument who has guided by test of Mathematics concept understanding and valid interview guidance. Data were collected through test provision and verified by interview. The subjects of the study were three students in class VIII at SMPN 29 Makassar consisted of on students of PKPMT, on students of PKPMS, and one students of PKPMR. The results of the study reveal that (1) there is influence concept understanding of Problem Solving Ability in Mathematics based equal to 36,50% through estimate function = 15,659 + 0,751X 1 . There is influence Mathematics reasoning ability of Problem Solving Ability in Mathematics based equal to 40,05% through estimate function 14A¶"> = 24,657 + 0,837X 2 . There is influence concept understanding and Mathematics reasoning ability of Problem Solving Ability in Mathematics based equal 44,20% through estimate function 14,774 + 0,361 14X1"> + 0,550 14X2"> (2) problem solving ability in mathematics of students who have concept understanding and high Mathematics reasoning ability : (a) able to understand the problems, (b) able to create the problem solving plan, (c) able to solve the problems, and (d) able to recheck the answers. The problem solving ability in mathematics of students who have concept understanding and medium Mathematics reasoning ability: (a) able to understand the problems, (b) able to create the problem solving plan, (c) able to solve the problems, and (d) able to recheck the answers. The problem solving ability in mathematics of students who have concept understanding and low Mathematics reasoning ability : (a) able to understand the problems, (b) unable to create problem solving plan so the concept understanding indicator and mathematics reasoning ability cannot be achieved, (c) anable to create the problem with appropriate and corret steps so the concept understanding indicator and mathematics reasoning ability cannot be achieved, and (d) unable to recheck the answers obtained so the concept understanding indicator and mathematics reasoning ability cannot be achieved
Synchronization Through Boundary Interaction

The dynamics of a physical system can change when exposed to an environment in which it interacts with other systems. In many situations, such interaction can lead to synchronization in the sense that the dynamics of all systems are essentially the same. Some results and references can be found in Hale (1997) for ode and certain types of pde. Other interesting classes of problems occur when the equations arise from the interaction of systems whose dynamics are defined by a pde on a given domain and the interaction of the systems is through the boundary. We give an illustration of how this can occur for lossless transmission lines which interact through resistive coupling at the end of the lines. The problem will be solved using the equivalent formulation in terms of a set of partial neutral functional differential equations.
Intracarotid RMP-7 Enhanced Indocyanine Green Staining of Tumors in a Rat Glioma Model

Objective: The extent of resection in patients with primary brain tumors may affect the quality of life, time to tumor progression, and survival. Currently, the extent of resection during surgery is guided by the visual appearance and consistency of tumor, frozen sections of the margins, intraoperative ultrasound, and frameless navigational systems and intraoperative imaging modalities. A new method that enhances the visualization of an infiltrating tumor and its margins may further aid in obtaining a more complete resection. A study was thus undertaken to assess the staining of brain tumors using Indocyanine green (ICG), a water-soluble emerald green tricarbocynanine dye concomitantly with RMP-7, a bradykinin analog, that selectively increases vascular permeability in brain tumors.
Experiences and Perceived Benefits of a Digital Pen Pal Experience on Preservice Teachers’ Preparation for Working with English Learners

ABSTRACTThis research shares qualitative analysis of the experience and benefits of a digital pen pal (E-Pal) experience on preservice experiences and perceived benefits of English Learners (ELs) and how to teach ELs. For this project, preservice teachers exchanged E-Pal letters with EL and non-EL students in Grades 5 through 7 about a book they read. Constant comparative data analysis using an open-coding method yielded major themes regarding dispositions, pedagogical knowledge, and practice of pedagogical knowledge. Students demonstrated growth across areas. Findings support that a structured E-Pal program may be used to effectively provide preservice teachers educational experiences with ELs when classroom interactions are not available.
Testing product, pricing, and promotional strategies for vending machine interventions with a college population

ABSTRACTObjective: This study used a multi-phase, multiple-method design to gather both quantitative and qualitative data from participants regarding the product, pricing, and promotional strategie...
Care Management For Older Adults: The Roles Of Nurses, Social Workers, And Physicians

Care management programs have become more widely adopted as health systems try to improve the coordination and integration of services across the continuum of care, especially for frail older adult...
Preconditioning Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient with Diagonalized Quasi-Newton

Nonlinear conjugate gradient (NCG) methods can generate search directions using only first-order information and a few dot products, making them attractive algorithms for solving large-scale optimization problems. However, even the most modern NCG methods can require large numbers of iterations and, therefore, many function evaluations to converge to a solution. This poses a challenge for simulation-constrained problems where the function evaluation entails expensive partial or ordinary differential equation solutions. Preconditioning can accelerate convergence and help compute a solution in fewer function evaluations. However, general-purpose preconditioners for nonlinear problems are challenging to construct. In this paper, we review a selection of classical and modern NCG methods, introduce their preconditioned variants, and propose a preconditioner based on the diagonalization of the BFGS formula. As with the NCG methods, this preconditioner utilizes only first-order information and requires only a small number of dot products. Our numerical experiments using CUTEst problems indicate that the proposed preconditioner successfully reduces the number of function evaluations at negligible additional cost for its update and application.
(65) The Utility of Rapid Whole Exome Sequencing in the Management of Critically Ill Children: A Case Series

Purpose : Rapid whole exome sequencing (WES) is a modern tool for the diagnosis of diseases when there is a high index of suspicion for a genetic basis in a critically ill patient. WES is able to sequence a majority of all known genes, and allows one to determine if there is a disease-causing variant that explains the child’s manifestations. We describe a case series of three critically ill children who underwent rapid whole exome sequencing to achieve a diagnosis, and the implications on clinical management. Methods: Cases were identified …
Outcomes of Introducing a Mobile Interactive Learning Resource in a Large Medical School Course.

Mobile devices are an integral part of modern medical education, as convenient platforms for access to online interactive learning resources; students’ use of textbooks has correspondingly declined. We designed an interactive iBook© for pre-clinical students encompassing the content of the pulmonary segment in an organ-based multidisciplinary course. We found, via a survey-based study, that students preferred the iBook to other faculty-supplied materials (PowerPoints and PDFs), mainly due to its interactive images, animations, and study questions. Students’ test performance did not change significantly after introducing the iBook. This study suggests that expanded use of interactive learning resources may enhance students’ engagement with pre-clinical courses.
Outcomes from the Health Resources and Services Administration's Dental Faculty Development Program.

Purpose/objectives While the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) requires programs to conduct faculty development, implementation of faculty development activities vary widely. Faculty development programs can enhance teaching, research, and leadership skills needed to transition from clinical practice to teaching. In 2012, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) funded 6 institutions to plan, develop, and operate programs for training oral healthcare providers who plan to teach in general, pediatric, public health dentistry, or dental hygiene. This performance study examines the results of the dental faculty development programs. Methods After the 5-year grant program (2012-2017), we used descriptive analysis to examine annual performance data including trainee demographics, faculty development activities, post-completion intentions, and course development activities. Results Nearly 300 trainees participated across 6 funded grantees; the majority were female, aged 30-49 years, and non-Hispanic White. For those who completed, 80% intended to teach. Common faculty development activities included community-based training, curriculum enhancements, Web-based training, and interprofessional education methods. Faculty development modalities included faculty seminars, Master's degrees, and mentoring. Pipeline activities, online resources, and continuing education supported dental students and providers moving into academics. Conclusions Faculty development better prepares individuals to compete in academic environments and develop faculty. Community-based programs may utilize faculty development to recruit community preceptors and achieve calibration. HRSA investment in faculty development programs builds resources and infrastructure to promote continuing engagement in clinical education, research, and administrative skills. Future research is needed to establish the impact of faculty development initiatives on practice change and patient outcomes.
Next Steps in Business and Management Education Scholarship

This article describes the authors’ experience at The New School’s Research in Management Learning and Education UnConference and presents five Business and Management Education (BME)–related actio...
An Assessment of the Fourteen Beneficiaries of Legalized Sports Betting and the Potential Benefits that They Derive

The 2018 ruling by the United States Supreme Court essentially legalized sports betting across the nation. Prior to that ruling, sports books were restricted by virtue of the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA). But with a landmark 6-3 decision, the opportunity door for sports betting has been opened in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. This research focuses on two considerations regarding the opening of that door. Who are the potential beneficiaries, and what benefits might those beneficiaries derive? A detailed examination of the newly emerging literature identified 14 potential beneficiaries that fall within four broad categories: sports entities, traditional sources of revenue, the gaming industry, and other nonsports entities. Among these beneficiaries are the teams, organizations, fans, sponsors, bettors, the media, and society-in-general. The majority of the benefits revolve around financial considerations, but it is not always as straight-forward as cash. So, while the NBA is benefitting from a cash flow from its casino sponsor, society-in-general may benefit from enriched educational resources and a better infrastructure. This article further delineates the potential benefits for each of the 14 beneficiaries that have been identified.
Broaching partially-shared identities: Critically interrogating power and intragroup dynamics in counseling practice with trans people of Color

Background: Much of the literature on transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) experiences in counseling focuses on White experiences with few recommendations for trans people of Color (TPOC). Research sug...
Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Hydrocortisone in the Treatment of Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background:There is a conflicting body of evidence regarding the benefit of vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone in combination as an adjunctive therapy for sepsis with or without septic shock. ...