cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relation Between Turkey Breast Width as Measured at a Constant Body Depth and at a Percentage of Body Depth

Abstract The U.S.D.A., in setting up regulations for central random sample testing under the National Turkey Improvement Plan, has recommended that turkey breast width measurements be taken at a point 1½ inches back from the anterior tip of the keel and 1¾ inches dorsally from the keel. Jaap and Penquite (1938) suggested that satisfactory breast width measurements were obtained at a point 1½ inches from the anterior end of the keel on a line toward the insertion of the femurs. Asmundson (1944) found breast width measurements at one and five cm. of body depth and two cm. back of the anterior point of the keel to be correlated at the one percent level of significance. Many of the random sample turkey tests have not adopted the U.S.D.A. method of measuring breast width but take measurements at various other points. It may be presumed that measurements taken at a constant body depth …
Pharmacological studies with nialamide, a new antidepressant agent.

SummaryNialamide was a potent monoamine oxidase inhibitor by both in vitro and in vivo test. Its potency relative to that of iproniazid varies from 3:1 to 12:1 depending on test and species used. Nialamide was also shown to be qualitatively different from other MAO inhibitors in some of its pharmacological actions, factors which may explain absence of both liver toxicity in dog and postural hypotension in man.
ROS1--targeting the one percent in lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. For certain patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), molecularly targeted therapies have transformed treatment and improved outcomes. In patients with NSCLC with EGFR mutations or ALK rearrangements, targeted therapies represent the standard of care, with superior efficacy and improved tolerability, as compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy.1,2 These two genetic alterations are relatively common and are found in about 15% and 5% of patients with NSCLC, respectively. Extensive profiling efforts have identified molecular drivers that are found in smaller subsets of NSCLC, often in just 1 or 2% of patients. Although . . .
Performance characteristics of high reclaimed asphalt pavement containing bio-modifier

This paper investigates the performance characteristics and workability of high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures in the presence of a bio-modified binder. Accordingly mixtures with high percentages of RAP were designed with and without bio-modification to examine whether bio-modification can facilitate the incorporation of RAP. The bio-modification was performed by modifying a virgin asphalt binder with a bio-binder produced from swine manure. The four mixtures that were designed and evaluated were a control mixture incorporating virgin materials, the control mixture incorporating 40% RAP, the control mixture incorporating the bio-modified binder, and the control mixture incorporating the bio-modified binder and 40% RAP. The effect of the bio-modified binder on the stiffness and workability of the control mixture with and without RAP was evaluated by measuring the dynamic modulus and the torque resistance of the mixtures, respectively. The performance of each mixture was evaluated for fatigue cra...
Analysis on Integration of CO_2 Capture and Compression System with Steam Cycle in Coal-fired Power Plant

Taking the monoethanolamine(MEA) mass fraction of 30% as the Absorption solution,the integration of the MEA based CO2 capture and compression system with the steam cycle in a coal-fired power plant was analyzed by using the process simulation software.The simulation computation was carried out for the study subject of a typical 600 MW supercritical power unit,and the influence of carbon removal system on the unit economy was evaluated.Some important process parameters were optimized,including CO2 load rate in lean solution,CO2 capture efficiency,regeneration tower pressure,and steam extraction location.The optimal parameters were then obtained.The simulation results showed that at THA condition and with the 90 % CO2 capture efficiency,taking 0.97 MPa,0.29 MPa low pressure steam extraction as the thermal regeneration supply,the plant efficiency dropped by up to 12.17%,11.19% respectively,and the CO2 capture and compression energy consumption was 423.86 kWh/t,389.68 kWh/t.
Social, spatial, and temporal organization in a complex insect society

High-density living is often associated with high disease risk due to density-dependent epidemic spread. Despite being paragons of high-density living, the social insects have largely decoupled the association with density-dependent epidemics. It is hypothesized that this is accomplished through prophylactic and inducible defenses termed ‘collective immunity’. Here we characterise segregation of carpenter ants that would be most likely to encounter infectious agents (i.e. foragers) using integrated social, spatial, and temporal analyses. Importantly, we do this in the absence of disease to establish baseline colony organization. Behavioural and social network analyses show that active foragers engage in more trophallaxis interactions than their nest worker and queen counterparts and occupy greater area within the nest. When the temporal ordering of social interactions is taken into account, active foragers and inactive foragers are not observed to interact with the queen in ways that could lead to the meaningful transfer of disease. Furthermore, theoretical resource spread analyses show that such temporal segregation does not appear to impact the colony-wide flow of food. This study provides an understanding of a complex society’s organization in the absence of disease that will serve as a null model for future studies in which disease is explicitly introduced.
Is the Digital Talking Book Program meeting librarian and patron expectations

The goal of this paper is to fill the gap in current research on the United States National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped program by surveying NLS librarians, using socia...
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Response to Immune Enhancement in Early Versus Late Serious Post-Transplant Infections

Background: The impact of GM-CSF therapy in SCT recipients with serious infection is not clear. We evaluated feasibility of GM-CSF therapy in transplant patients. Methods: Forty-seven patients with severe infections who had received 7 or more doses of GM-CSF between 2000 and 2006 were evaluated. Response was considered at the end of GM-CSF therapy in patients with complete or partial response (CR/PR). All values are given as median ± s.d. Serious infections were defined as systemic/invasive infections requiring hospitalization. Results: Age was 39 ± 18 years; 83% received allogeneic SCT, and 70% had leukemia. GVHD was noted in 36%; 60% of SCT recipients had cancer recurrence and 11% had graft failure. The APACHE II score was 15 ± 4. GM-CSF was given for 13 ± 12 (range, 7–57) doses. In only 1 of 5 patients with GM-CSF related adverse events (AEs), growth factor was discontinued due to persistent bone pain. Patients who received GM-CSF during late (>180 days) infections had higher CR/PR versus cytokine therapy for patients with early post-transplant infections (63% vs 35%, respectively; P = 0.06). Factors associated with treatment failure included: prior high-dose steroids (43% vs 4% in CP/PR; P = 0.01) multiple concurrent infections (65% vs 33% in CR/PR; P = 0.03), critical care unit stay (44% vs 5% in CR/PR; P = 0.001), mechanical ventilation (35% vs 4% in CR/PR; P = 0.01), serum bilirubin > 2mg/dL (30% vs 0%) in CR/PR; P = 0.004) and neutropenia (50% vs 17% in CR/PR: P = 0.02). Neutropenia was 25 ± 19 days in responders vs 34 ± 42 days in patients who failed treatment (P = 0.08). By logistic regression analysis, presence of multiple concurrent infections was associated with higher probability of death within 12 weeks of infection diagnosis (odds ratio, 4.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–20.5; P = 0.03). Conclusions: Treatment with GM-CSF was tolerated without serious AEs and may improve outcomes in patients with late post transplant infections.
Cost Effectiveness of Subsidizing Fruit and Vegetable Purchases Through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.

Introduction A diet high in fruits and vegetables (FV) is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease. One strategy to incentivize FV consumption among low-income households is to make them more affordable through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). This study aims to identify the cost effectiveness of subsidizing FV purchases among the one in seven Americans who participate in SNAP. Methods A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from a societal perspective to estimate lifetime costs and health gains associated with subsidizing FV purchases. A stochastic microsimulation model of obesity, type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction, and stroke in the 2015 U.S. population was used. Model parameters were based on nationally representative SNAP participation and dietary consumption data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2012), and data from a randomized trial of FV subsidies among SNAP users. Results Despite cycling of participants in and out of SNAP, expanding an FV subsidy nationwide through SNAP would be expected to reduce incidence of type 2 diabetes by 1.7% (95% CI=1.2, 2.2), myocardial infarction by 1.4% (95% CI=0.9, 1.9), stroke by 1.2% (95% CI=0.8, 1.6), and obesity by 0.2% (95% CI=0.1, 0.3), and be cost saving from a societal perspective. The saved costs would be largely attributable to long-term reductions in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions The model suggests nationwide SNAP FV subsidies would reduce chronic disease morbidity, mortality, and costs over long time horizons that are unlikely to be observed in short-term community-based trials.
A no-moving-parts sensor for the detection of eye fixation using polarised light and retinal birefringence information.

AbstractPolarised near-infra-red light is reflected from the foveal area in a detectable bow-tie pattern of polarisation states, offering the opportunity for eye tracking. A coaxial optical transducer was developed, consisting of a laser diode, a polariser, a filter, and a photodetector. Several such transducers may be used to interrogate different spots on the retina, thus eliminating the requirement for scanning systems with moving parts. To test the signal quality obtainable, using just one transducer, a test subject was asked to fixate successively on twelve targets located on a circle around the transducer, to simulate the retina’s being interrogated by twelve sensors placed on a 30 diameter circle surrounding the projection of the fovea. The resulting signal is close to the “ideal” sine wave that would have been recorded from a propeller-type birefringence pattern from a human fovea. The transducer can be used in the detection of fixation for medical and other purposes. It does not require calibrati...
A Database of Transition-Metal-Coordinated Peptide Cross-Sections: Selective Interaction with Specific Amino Acid Residues.

Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) techniques were used to generate a database of 2288 collision cross sections of transition-metal-coordinated tryptic peptide ions. This database consists of cross sections for 1253 [Pep + X]2+ and 1035 [Pep + X + H]3+, where X2+ corresponds to Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+. This number of measurements enables the extraction of structural trends for transition-metal-coordinated peptide ions. The range of structures and changes in collision cross sections for X2+-coordinated species (compared with protonated species of the same charge state) is similar to Mg2+-coordinated species. This suggests that the structures are largely determined by similarities in cation size with differences among the cross section distributions presumably caused by X2+ interactions with specific functional groups offered by the residue R-groups or the peptide backbone. Cross section contributions for individual residues upon X2+ solvation are assessed with the derivation of intrinsic size parameters (ISPs). The comparison of the [Pep + X]2+ ISPs with those previously reported for [Pep + Mg]2+ ions displays a lower contribution to the cross section for His, carboxyamidomethylated Cys, and Met, and is consistent with specific metal-residue interactions identified within protein X-ray crystallography databases.
Investigation of a Quantum Monte Carlo Protocol To Achieve High Accuracy and High-Throughput Materials Formation Energies

High-throughput calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) methods have been widely implemented in the scientific community. However, depending on both the properties of interest as well as particular chemical/structural phase space, accuracy even for correct trends remains a key challenge for DFT. In this work, we evaluate the use of quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) to calculate material formation energies in a high-throughput environment. We test the performance of automated QMC calculations on 21 compounds with high quality reference data from the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) thermodynamic database. We compare our approach to different DFT methods as well as different pseudopotentials, showing that errors in QMC calculations can be progressively improved especially when correct pseudopotentials are used. We determine a set of accurate pseudopotentials in QMC via a systematic investigation of multiple available pseudopotential libraries. We show that using this simple automa...
A model of phototrophic sulfide oxidation in a stratified estuary

Sulfide accumulated as a result of microbial sulfate reduction in sediments and the bottom waters of stratified systems can be re-oxidized via an array of biotic and abiotic reactions. A one-dimensional diffusion-reaction model was developed and applied to 4 yr of physical and chemical data from the stratified water column of the Chesapeake Bay in order to quantify the impact of different sulfide oxidation processes at the redox interface during slack tide. This dataset and the model simulations highlight short-term and interannual variation in the physical structure and the distribution of key redox species (O2, H2S, S0, Fe2+, Mn2+, FeOOH, MnO2) throughout the water column. The model evaluates links between oxygen, sulfur, iron and manganese cycling, and includes the novel consideration of sulfide oxidation by phototrophic sulfide oxidizing bacteria (PSOB), which are a common component of the Bay. Model simulations demonstrate that phototrophic sulfide oxidation can account for up to 58% of total sulfide oxidation, depending upon the depth of the oxic/anoxic interface. The results of this study yield an approach to parameterizing PSOB activity, and quantify the variable role that PSOB play in sulfide oxidation in the Chesapeake Bay as redox conditions in the water column change, which has applications for both modern and ancient environments.
Brand Who? Teaching Students the Value of Brand Personality:

Although both academics and professionals agree personality is a significant component of modern branding, it can be difficult to communicate this somewhat esoteric concept to students. However, it...
Critical Fusion Frequency in Rhesus Monkeys

By using a conditioned suppression technique, critical fusion frequencies for three rhesus monkeys were determined across 8.0 log units of intensity. Threshold values ranged from 10 cps for —5.9 log foot-lamberts to 90 cps for 4.1 log foot-lamberts. Although systematic individual differences were observed at each intensity value, the intrasubject variability did not exceed 5 cps upon replication.
Managing millennials’ personal use of technology at work

Abstract Growing up with the internet and unparalleled access to technology, millennials (individuals born during 1981–1995, also known as Gen Y and Gen Me) extensively use various technologies for non-work-related reasons while at work. Both popular media and scholarly research have portrayed this issue negatively and have supported monitoring and restricting personal use of technology. However, if organizations are to attract and retain millennials—now the largest generation in the U.S. workforce—it is crucial to understand their characteristics and what drives them. Drawing on research on generational differences, organizational control, and cyberloafing, this article explains how unique characteristics of millennials lead them to engage in personal use of technology at work and how organizations might address this issue. Specifically, I contrast two one-sided approaches (deterrence and laissez-faire) that can lead to dysfunctional outcomes when used in excess and recommend more viable solutions. These solutions include establishing a workplace technology use policy based on shared understanding, fostering both relaxation and urgency mentalities, and training both millennials and their managers.
From Follicular Development and Ovulation to Ovarian Cancers: An Unexpected Journey

Follicular development and ovulation are complex development processes that are regulated by multiple, interacting pathways and cell types. The oocyte, cumulus cells, granulosa cells, and theca cells communicate to impact follicular development and ovulation. Many hormones and cytokines control intracellular regulatory networks and transcription factors, some of which are cell type specific. Molecular biology approaches and mutant mouse models have contributed immensely to our knowledge of what genes and signaling cascades impact each stage of follicular development and ovulation, and how the alteration of gene expression profiles and the activation of specific signaling pathways can impact ovarian cancer development in ovarian surface epithelial cells as well as granulosa cells. This chapter explores how pathways controlling normal follicle development and ovulation can be diverted to abnormal development.
A high-linear sweep laser source to interrogate sub-terahertz range fiber sensors for dynamic strain sensing applications

Sub-terahertz range fiber sensors have been well investigated for distributed stain sensing applications. Due to the use to sub-millimeter range structures, high accuracy measurement using relative small interrogation bandwidth (~ 100 GHz) can be achieved. The interrogation system is based on optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), where the key component is the high-linear frequency sweep laser source. Previously the external cavity lasers have been employed as the frequency sweep sources. The external cavity lasers are capable to sweep over large interrogation bandwidth (>3 THz). However, compared with the 100 GHz resonation period of sub-terahertz range fiber sensors with a pitch length of 1mm, this broad sweep bandwidth is unnecessary. Besides, the external cavity lasers require the use of moving mechanical components, which limits the system update rate and increases the system complexity. This paper presents a design of a high linear sweep laser source suitable for sub-terahertz range fiber sensors. A distributed feedback laser is employed as the frequency sweep source based on the injection current modulation technique, and the sweep velocity is locked at a constant value (14.2 GHz/ms) using a semi-digital feedback control system. A high-linear sweep bandwidth of 117.69 GHz with a system update rate of 50 Hz has been demonstrated. In addition, a dynamic experiment was conducted to demonstrate the system distributed strain sensing capability. The proposed system holds the potential for dynamic structural health monitoring.
Calculation of hole pressure:: II. Viscoelastic Fluids

Abstract Numerical calculations using the finite element method are reported for the pressure hole problem caused by flow between two flat plates interrupted by a slit. Predicted are the effects of flow rate and geometry for viscoelastic fluids modeling solutions of polystyrene in dioctylphthalate. Model results are compared to experimental data from the literature for corotational and codeformational differential models having one time constant, when the models are adjusted empirically to give exact shear stress and first normal stress differences in viscometric flows.
A Wind-Tunnel Method for V/STOL Testing

A persistent problem in wind-tunnel testing of V/STOL configurations is to simulate accurately their low-speed, high-lift regime of flight. This flight regime is, of course, characterized by very large lift coefficients produced by powered high-lift devices. This implies that the stream flow in the wind tunnel is grossly distorted; the effects of tunnel boundaries are large and the determination of the simulated flight-velocity vector is difficult. Since the direction of this vector is in doubt, the decomposition of force into lift and drag may be very inaccurate.
Doing Research in International Organizations

This chapter describes the difficulties of doing research in international organizations, along with ways to understand and overcome these special hardships. Written by a renowned international researcher with experience in IBM and working with several global organizations, Allen I. Kraut shares many of the experiences he has had and observed. He notes that the major issues in doing such research are based on cultural differences and the related difficulty of communicating with others who may be part of the work effort or work team.
Trafficking and Distribution of the Photosynthetic Reaction Centre Proteins in the Chloroplast Membranes

We have investigated relative distribution of proteins constituting different multi-enzyme complexes in chloroplast membranes by Western blot analyses. In addition, pulse-chase experiments revealed lateral diffusion of some of these chloroplast proteins between stromal and granal membranes of some of these chloroplast proteins. Two classes of chloroplast proteins became evident. One class constitutes those proteins that undergo lateral diffusion within the thylakoids and show dual location. This class includes the 32kDa protein, D2 protein and cytochrome b559 which are protein components of the photosystem II reaction centre, and the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b apoprotein. The second class of proteins do not appear to translocate between stromal and granal membranes, and are associated exclusively with one of the membrane types. To this class of proteins belong the 43kDa and 51kDa photosystem II core proteins (granal membranes), alpha and beta subunits of the ATPase and subunit 2 of the photosystem I reaction centre (stromal membranes).
Meshed Tree Protocol for Faster Convergence in Switched Networks

Loop free forwarding is a continuing challenge in switched networks that require link and path redundancy. Solutions to overcome looping frames are addressed by special protocols at layer 2, which block ports in the bridges to build a logical spanning tree for frame forwarding. However, due to the continuing convergence issues in the Spanning Tree algorithm, IETF RFC 5556 Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links on RBridges (router bridges) and IEEE 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging both use link state routing techniques to build Dijkstra trees from every switch. Both techniques have the expense of higher processing complexity. In this paper, a novel meshed tree algorithm (MTA) is investigated to address convergence issues faced by STA while also avoiding the complexity of Link State routing. The MTA based protocol is compared with Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol using OPNET simulations. The significant reduction in convergence time combined with the simplicity in implementation indicates that the Meshed Tree Protocol would be superior candidate to resolve looping issues in switched networks.
Polyamidoxime chain length drives emergent metal-binding phenomena

Emergence is complex behavior arising from the interactions of many simple constituents that do not display such behavior independently. Polyamidoxime (PAO) uranium adsorbents show such phenomena, as recent works articulate that the polymer binds uranium differently than the monomeric constituents. In order to investigate the origins of this emergent uranium-binding behavior, we synthesized a series of amidoxime polymers with low polydispersity and small molecules with lengths ranging from 1 to 125 repeat units. Following immersion in a uranyl-containing solution, the local, intermediate, and macroscopic structures were investigated by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Fits of the extended XAFS (EXAFS) region revealed a progressive change in uranium coordination environment as a function of polymer molecular weight, identifying chain length as a driving force in emergent metal binding and resolving the controversy over how amidoxime adsorbents bind uranium.
Identifying Drivers of Multiple Readmissions After Pulmonary Lobectomy.

Background Readmissions after pulmonary lobectomy for lung cancer are important markers of healthcare quality for surgeons and hospitals. The implications on resources and quality are magnified when examining patients who require multiple readmissions within the perioperative period. Methods The Nationwide Readmission Database between 2013 and 2014 was investigated for patients with a primary diagnosis of lung cancer who underwent pulmonary lobectomy. Using adjusted hierarchical regression models, demographic and clinical factors during the index hospitalization were investigated for associations with single and multiple readmissions during the 90-day postoperative period. First and second readmissions during this period were compared for the primary diagnosis at the time of readmission using Clinical Classification Software codes. Results Of the 41,576 lobectomies during the study period 7,030 patients (16.9%) were readmitted. Among this group 1,554 patients (3.7%) had at least two readmissions. After adjustment for other factors, postoperative arrhythmia (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25–1.83; p Conclusions Approximately one-fifth of patients readmitted after pulmonary lobectomy would go on to be readmitted two or more times within 90 days. Although first readmissions were most likely to present with postoperative infection or complication, second readmissions were most likely to present with heart disease.
Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem Treatment for Ocular Surface Disease in Pediatric Patients With Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Purpose To report the outcomes of prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) treatment in pediatric patients with chronic ocular surface disease associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). Design Retrospective, interventional case series. Methods Patients aged 18 years or younger seen in consultation for PROSE treatment at a single center between January 1992 and December 2016 with a history of SJS/TEN were reviewed. Demographics, etiology of SJS/TEN, age at treatment milestones, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at treatment milestones, and treatment failures were recorded. BCVA at the initial presentation visit was compared to BCVA at the time of PROSE device dispense and at the last recorded visit. Results Twenty-seven female and 22 male patients were reviewed. Reported etiology was antibiotic (n = 19), antiepileptic (n = 9), antipyretic (n = 9), other (n = 3), and unknown (n = 9). The mean age was 6.4 years at disease onset and 9.3 years at time of initial presentation. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.45 years. The median BCVA at the initial presentation was 0.6 logMAR (20/80 Snellen), and was significantly improved to 0.18 logMAR (20/30 Snellen) at the time a PROSE device was dispensed (P Conclusions PROSE treatment is feasible in over two thirds of pediatric patients with chronic ocular surface disease related to SJS/TEN and results in significant improvement in vision that is durable over a period of many years.
Identity Fusion and the Use of Force: A Group-Psychological Explanation for Support of Military Interventions:

Under what circumstances will the public support military intervention in other countries? Recent answers have focused on the importance of identity and attachment to one’s nation to explain variat...
Using stimulus preference assessments to identify preferred break environments

A pictorial preference assessment was conducted for 2 individuals with autism who had programmed breaks in their behavior plans. Assessed break environments were individualized, based on indirect assessments and direct observations. The most highly (HP) and least preferred (LP) environments and a control with no associated break were included in a subsequent reinforcer assessment using a concurrent-chains arrangement within a reversal design. Participants selected a multitask sequence (initial link) associated with one of the break environments. Phase A evaluated the reinforcing properties of all three breaks; the HP was removed in Phase B. Both participants allocated more responding to HP than LP, and to LP than control, suggesting that breaks functioned as reinforcers. The results indicated that preference assessment technology can be used to identify highly preferred breaks that function as reinforcers. Social validity measures indicated that the individuals' clinicians found the results useful for future clinical programming.
Sustained release of a model water-soluble compound via dry powder aerosolizable acetalated dextran microparticles

AbstractObjective: To design and characterize aerosol microparticles (MP) to provide sustained release of the water-soluble compound sulforhodamine B (SRB) and achieve effective aerosol dispersion....
Dilute suspension of neutrally buoyant particles in viscoelastic turbulent channel flow

Direct numerical simulations of viscoelastic turbulent channel flow laden with neutrally buoyant spherical particles are performed. Two FENE-P viscoelastic and one Newtonian fluid are examined, and for each the particle-laden configuration is contrasted to a reference condition without seeding. The size of the particles is larger than the dissipation length scale, and their presence enhances drag in a manner that is intrinsically different in the viscoelastic and Newtonian flows. While the particles effectively suppress the turbulence activity, they significantly enhance the polymer stresses. The polymer chains are markedly stretched in the vicinity of the particles, altering the correlation between the turbulence and polymer work that is commonly observed in single-phase viscoelastic turbulence. At the lower elasticity, the particles enhance the cycle of hibernating and active turbulence and, in turn, their migration and volume-fraction profiles are qualitatively altered by the intermittency of the turbulence. Particle–fluid momentum transfer is investigated by estimating the local fluid field on a trimmed spherical shell around the individual particles. And by comparing the particle microstructures, a lower probability of particle alignment in the streamwise direction is observed in the viscoelastic configuration. This effect is attributed to a qualitative difference in the conditionally averaged velocity fields in the vicinity of the particles in the Newtonian and viscoelastic flows.
Ab initio molecular dynamics study of SiO2 lithiation

Abstract Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are sought to meet the demand for high energy storage applications. Due to its high specific charge capacity and low discharge potential, SiO2 is a promising candidate material for LIBs anodes. To design high performance anodes and coating materials using SiO2, understanding the structural transformation and Li-ion kinetics in different structural forms of SiO2 is essential. Here, we performed ab initio molecular dynamics to study the lithiation mechanism for crystalline and amorphous SiO2 and the effect of surface termination to elucidate the lithiation process of conversion oxides and contribute to the development of future LIBs.
A Low Protein Diet during Gestation and Lactation Increases Hepatic Lipid Accumulation through Autophagy and Histone Deacetylase.

The present study examined the mechanism of a low protein (LP) diet on hepatic lipid metabolism during gestation and lactation. Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control or an LP diet d...
Labeled Optimal Partitioning.

In data sequences measured over space or time, an important problem is accurate detection of abrupt changes. In partially labeled data, it is important to correctly predict presence/absence of changes in positive/negative labeled regions, in both the train and test sets. One existing dynamic programming algorithm is designed for prediction in unlabeled test regions (and ignores the labels in the train set); another is for accurate fitting of train labels (but does not predict changepoints in unlabeled test regions). We resolve these issues by proposing a new optimal changepoint detection model that is guaranteed to fit the labels in the train data, and can also provide predictions of unlabeled changepoints in test data. We propose a new dynamic programming algorithm, Labeled Optimal Partitioning (LOPART), and we provide a formal proof that it solves the resulting non-convex optimization problem. We provide theoretical and empirical analysis of the time complexity of our algorithm, in terms of the number of labels and the size of the data sequence to segment. Finally, we provide empirical evidence that our algorithm is more accurate than the existing baselines, in terms of train and test label error.
Evaluation of Man-Machine Relationships in U.S. Nuclear Power Plants

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) began operations in 1973 for the purpose of expanding electric energy research and development under the voluntary sponsorship of the United States utility industry, public, private, and cooperative. Its goal is to develop a broad, coordinated, advanced technology program for improving electric power production, transmission, distribution, and utilization in an environmentally acceptable manner. More than 500 member organizations, accounting for approximately 80% of the U.S. electric power generating capacity, support the EPRI program. For 1976 the members have agreed to contribute 0.140 mills per kilowatt hour of sales, giving EPRI a 1976 research and development planning guideline budget of $150 million.
Frequency and Outcomes of New Suspicious Lesions on Breast MRI in the Setting of Neoadjuvant Therapy

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article was to determine the frequency and outcomes of new suspicious findings on breast MRI after initiation of neoadjuvant therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrosp...
Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Adverse Outcomes after Renal Transplantation.

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension is common among patients with end-stage renal disease, although data regarding the impact of right ventricular (RV) failure on postoperative outcomes remain limited. We hypothesized that echocardiographic findings of RV dilation and dysfunction are associated with adverse clinical outcomes after renal transplant. Methods: A retrospective review of adult renal transplant recipients at a single institution from January 2008 to June 2010 was conducted. Patients with transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs) within 1 year leading up to transplant were included. The primary end point was a composite of delayed graft function, graft failure, and all-cause mortality. Results: Eighty patients were included. Mean follow-up time was 9.4 ± 0.8 years. Eight patients (100%) with qualitative RV dysfunction met the primary end point, while 39/65 patients (60.0%) without RV dysfunction met the end point ( p = 0.026). Qualitative RV dilation was associated with a significantly shorter time to all-cause graft failure ( p = 0.03) and death ( p = 0.048). RV systolic pressure was not measurable in 45/80 patients (56%) and was not associated with outcomes in the remaining patients. Conclusion: RV dilation and dysfunction are associated with adverse outcomes after renal transplant. TTE assessment of RV size and function should be a standard part of the pre-kidney transplant cardiovascular risk assessment.
Evaluation of an easy-to-use protocol for assessing behaviors of dogs retiring from commercial breeding kennels.

Objective, reliable behavioral tests are needed to refine on-site welfare assessments of dogs housed at commercial breeding (CB) kennels and provide a basis to inform predictions of their behavior when retired from such kennels. This study tested the reliability, construct validity, and applicability of a protocol for the behavioral assessment of dogs from CB kennels that might be useful in comprehensive welfare assessments of this population. A sample of 447 dogs from 26 CB kennels in the Midwestern US were assessed in their pens. Responses to an approach test (performed on three consecutive days) and a behavioral reactivity test (e.g., traffic cone, toys, umbrella) were recorded. Results showed moderate to perfect (Kw = 0.51–1.00) inter-rater reliability between three independent observers. Approach test-retest analysis showed high correlation of approach test scores on days 1, 2 and 3 (r = 0.85, p<0.0001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted four main factors: Food Motivation (F1), Sociability (F2), Boldness (F3) (e.g., response to novel objects), and Responsiveness (F4) (e.g., response to an umbrella opening) confirming the ability of the test to measure behaviors of interest. All factors showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.81–0.93) further supporting the robustness of the test construct. The demonstrated reliability of this protocol suggests that it may be usefully applied to assessing the behavior of dogs as a component of their welfare assessment in CB kennels. Doing so using even larger sample sizes may yield insights on the effects of housing and management practices on dog welfare while at the kennels, which may also help inform approaches that improve rehoming outcomes for retiring breeding dogs. Practical applications and limitations are outlined.
Explaining Human Diversity: the Need to Balance Fit and Complexity

While the existence of human cognitive and behavioral diversity is now widely recognized, it is not yet well established how to explain this diversity. In particular, it is still unclear how to determine whether any given instance of human cognitive and behavioral diversity is due to a common psychology that is merely “triggered” differently in different bio-cultural environments, or whether it is due to deeply and fundamentally different psychologies. This paper suggests that, to answer this question, we need to employ subtle theoretical considerations of theory choice—especially the consideration of the complexity-weighted differential predictive successes of the two accounts. To make this clearer, the paper develops a novel analysis of the observed differences in human sharing dispositions.
Evaluating the 4th Circuit’s decision to limit officer use of Tasers: a descriptive and time-series approach

In 2016, the U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in Armstrong V. Village of Pinehurst that the use of conducted energy devices (CEDs) on resisting but non-violent and stationary defendants w...
Cotranscriptional RNA strand exchange underlies the gene regulation mechanism in a purine-sensing transcriptional riboswitch

RNA folds cotranscriptionally to traverse out-of-equilibrium intermediate structures that are important for RNA function in the context of gene regulation. To investigate this process, here we study the structure and function of the Bacillus subtilis yxjA purine riboswitch, a transcriptional riboswitch that downregulates a nucleoside transporter in response to binding guanine. Although the aptamer and expression platform domain sequences of the yxjA riboswitch do not completely overlap, we hypothesized that a strand exchange process triggers its structural switching in response to ligand binding. In vivo fluorescence assays, structural chemical probing data, and experimentally informed secondary structure modeling suggest the presence of a nascent intermediate central helix. The formation of this central helix in the absence of ligand appears to compete with both the aptamer9s P1 helix and the expression platform9s transcriptional terminator. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations support the hypothesis that ligand binding stabilizes the aptamer P1 helix against central helix strand invasion, thus allowing the terminator to form. These results present a potential model mechanism to explain how ligand binding can induce downstream conformational changes by influencing local strand displacement processes of intermediate folds that could be at play in multiple riboswitch classes.
Visualizing Functional Motions of Membrane Transporters at an Atomic Resolution

Large-scale conformational changes are central to the function of membrane transporters. Description of these structural changes, however, requires sampling high-dimensional free energy landscapes ...
Integrated Data and Task Management for Scientific Applications

Several emerging application areas require intelligent management of distributed data and tasks that encapsulate execution units for collection of processors or processor groups. This paper describes an integration of data and task parallelism to address the needs of such applications in context of the Global Array (GA) programming model. GA provides programming interfaces for managing shared arrays based on non-partitioned global address space programming model concepts. Compatibility with MPI enables the scientific programmer to benefit from performance and productivity advantages of these high level programming abstractions using standard programming languages and compilers.
Relevance judgments for image retrieval in the field of journalism: a pilot study

The objective of this pilot study is to investigate relevance judgments made by end-users when searching for image information. The pilot study involved 10 undergraduate students from the Department of Journalism and Media Studies at Rutgers University using the AccuNet/AP Photo Archive to retrieve specific, general, and subjective photos. The study identified core relevance criteria used across the three different image searches, and found that the participants in the general and subjective image searches relied more on personal feelings and textual information of photos to make relevance judgments, while the participants in the specific image search depended more on the features of objects in photos. Four textual representations–caption, object name, location, and creation date, were chosen to see how useful they were for the participants making relevance judgments. The results show that location was the most useful information among the four textual representations.
Topological properties of forbidding-enforcing systems

Forbidding-enforcing systems (fe-systems) define classes of languages (fe-families) based on boundary conditions. We characterize f-families having not necessarily finite forbidders and prove that none of the Chomsky families of languages can be defined with an fe-system, hence, fe-systems provide a completely new way of defining classes of languages. We show that f-families map to f-families by morphic maps if and only if the morphism maps symbol to symbol. A morphism mapping e-families to e-families is necessarily surjective.
Plasma gonadotropins and ovarian hormones during the estrous cycle in high compared to low ovulation rate gilts

Mature gilts classified by low (12 to 16 corpora lutea [CL], n = 6) or high (17 to 26 CL, n = 5) ovulation rate (OR) were compared for plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone, estradiol-17beta, and inhibin during an estrous cycle. Gilts were checked for estrus at 8-h intervals beginning on d 18. Blood samples were collected at 8-h intervals beginning on d 18 of the third estrous cycle and continued for one complete estrous cycle. Analysis for FSH and LH was performed on samples collected at 8-h intervals and for ovarian hormones on samples collected at 24-h intervals. The data were standardized to the peak of LH at fourth (d 0) and fifth estrus for the follicular phase and analyzed in discrete periods during the periovulatory (-1, 0, +1 d relative to LH peak), early-luteal (d 1 to 5), mid-luteal (d 6 to 10), late-luteal (11 to 15), periluteolytic (-1, 0, +1 d relative to progesterone decline), and follicular (5 d prior to fifth estrus) phases of the estrous cycle. The number of CL during the sampling estrous cycle was greater (P < 0.005) for the high vs low OR gilts (18.8 vs 14.3) and again (P < 0.001) in the cycle subsequent to hormone measurement (20.9 vs 14.7). For high-OR gilts, FSH was greater during the ovulatory period (P = 0.002), the mid- (P < 0.05) and late-luteal phases (P = 0.01), and tended to be elevated during the early-luteal (P = 0.06), but not the luteolytic or follicular periods. LH was greater in high-OR gilts during the ovulatory period (P < 0.005), but not at other periods during the cycle. In high-OR gilts, progesterone was greater in the mid, late, and ovulatory phases (P < 0.005), but not in the follicular, ovulatory, and early-luteal phases. Concentrations of estradiol-17beta were not different between OR groups during the cycle. Inhibin was greater for the high OR group (P < 0.005) during the early, mid, late, luteolytic, and follicular phases (P < 0.001). The duration of the follicular phase (from last baseline estrogen value to the LH peak) was 6.5 +/- 0.5 d and was not affected by OR group. These results indicate that elevated concentrations of both FSH and LH are associated with increased ovulation rate during the ovulatory phase, but that only elevated FSH during much of the luteal phase is associated with increased ovulation rate. Of the ovarian hormones, both inhibin and progesterone are highly related to greater ovulation rates. These findings could aid in understanding how ovulation rate is controlled in pigs.
Visual Analysis of Network Flow Data with Timelines and Event Plots

This paper describes Isis, a system that uses progressive multiples of timelines and event plots to support the iterative investigation of intrusions by experienced analysts using network flow data. The visual representations have been designed to make temporal relationships apparent, allow visual classification of events with dynamic brushing, and enable users to organize their visualizations to reveal traffic structure and patterns by reordering rows. Isis combines visual affordances with SQL to provide a flexible tool for investigation. We present an annotated case study using anonymized data of a real intrusion that demonstrates the features of Isis.
Mining Un-interpreted Generalized Association Rules by Linear Inequalities

Taking the spirit of descriptive statistic methods data mining is viewed as a deductive science, no inductive generalizations or predicative assertions. We call this approach descriptive/deductive data mining (DDM) to stress spirit of descriptive statistic methods and the role of mathematical deductions.
Paradigm for the Generalist-Advanced Generalist Continuum

Abstract Social work faculty and practitioners have long argued the definition and parameters of the advanced generalist concept. This article explores the concept of generalist-advanced generalist in practice and in education and advances a paradigm for framing the Bachelor of Social Work-Master of Social Work educational continuum. It further argues that the generalist-advanced generalist continuum is particularly well suited to practice in small towns and rural areas. It further argues that the generalist-advanced generalist continuum is particularly well suited to practice in small towns and rural areas because it provides an educational strategy for preparing both entry level and advanced level social workers with the full range of skills needed for practice in these environmental contexts because content on advanced generalist practice is infused in all foundation, field instruction, and areas of specialty in the advanced curriculum.