cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sporadic juvenile thymic lymphoma in a 3-month old Angus bull calf

A 3-month old Angus bull calf presented for enlargement of his ventral neck and brisket region. Physical examination revealed the calf was dyspneic and exhibiting sign of secondary ruminal tympany. Palpation of the neck and brisket revealed a firm, predominantly left sided, ventral mass in the caudal cervical region at the level of the thoracic inlet.
A 28GHz SPDT TRx Switch with 9KV ESD Protection in 22nm SOI CMOS for 5G Mobiles

This paper reports a 28GHz broadband single-pole double-throw (SPDT) travelling wave switch designed in a 22nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) technology. The 28GHz SPDT TRx switch covers the n257 and n258 bands of 5G systems. Measurements show compatible switch performance compared to similar millimeter-wave switches of various topologies in HEMT and bulk CMOS technologies. The SPDT switches feature full-chip 9KV ESD protection confirmed by measurement. It reveals that ESD-induced parasitic effects may have substantial impacts on mm-wave broadband switches, which hence requires careful ESD-RFIC co-design for 5G RF ICs in above-6GHz bands.
Enzyme-Specific Coupling of Oxygen and Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation of the Nap and Nar Nitrate Reductases.

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction (DNR) to nitrite is the first step in denitrification, the main process through which bioavailable nitrogen is removed from ecosystems. DNR is catalyzed by both cytosolic (Nar) and periplasmic (Nap) nitrate reductases and fractionates the stable isotopes of nitrogen (14N, 15N) and oxygen (16O, 18O), which is reflected in residual environmental nitrate pools. Data on the relationship between the pattern in oxygen vs nitrogen isotope fractionation (18e/15e) suggests that systematic differences exist between marine and terrestrial ecosystems that are not fully understood. We examined the 18e/15e of nitrate-reducing microorganisms that encode Nar, Nap, or both enzymes, as well as gene deletion mutants of Nar and Nap to test the hypothesis that enzymatic differences alone could explain the environmental observations. We find that the distribution of 18e/15e fractionation ratios of all examined nitrate reductases forms two distinct peaks centered around an 18e/15e proportionality of 0.55 (Nap) and 0.91 (Nar), with the notable exception of the Bacillus Nar reductases, which cluster isotopically with the Nap reductases. Our findings may explain differences in 18e/15e fractionation between marine and terrestrial systems and challenge current knowledge about Nar 18e/15e signatures.
Russian Industry in Q2 2018: Demand is Persistently Low

In Q2 2018, the situation in Russian industry did not undergo any significant changes. Most of Russian enterprises continued to register persistently low demand, which enabled them to confidently control their finished product stocks and maintain their output growth rate at minimum. In Q2 2018, growth in selling prices hit its three-year high, although it should be said that in June prices experienced a sharp drop sufficient to roll back all their growth achieved in March, April and May. The investment plans of industrial enterprises have remained at their local maximum since February 2018.
Dershowitz on Presidential Impeachment: An Analysis of The Case Against Impeaching Trump

Alan Dershowitz, a strong Hillary Clinton supporter, received a lot of news coverage after coming out against Trump impeachment efforts. His July 2018 book, The Case Against Impeaching Trump, is a succinct overview of his position. This review will summarize the main theme of the book as well as provide a critical analysis.
Symbiotic assembly of peptide nano-mosaics at solid interfaces.

The spontaneous co-organization of distinct biomolecules at interfaces enables many of Nature's hierarchical organizations involving both hard and soft materials. Engineering efforts to mimic such hybrid complexes rely on our ability to rationally structure biomolecules at inorganic interfaces. Control over the nanoscale structure of patterned biomolecules remains challenging due to difficulties in controlling the multifarious interactions involved. This work discusses binary peptide assembly as a means to fabricate biomolecular nano-mosaics at graphite surfaces with predictable structures. Distinct peptide–substrate interactions lead to divergent crystallographic growth directions, molecular scale immiscibility, and a symbiotic assembly phenomenon. We present a symbiotic assembly model that accurately predicts the binary assembly structure relying solely on the constituent peptide nucleation kinetics and molar fractions. The ability to tune such biomolecular nano-mosaic structures facilitates the bottom up fabrication of high-density, multifunctional interfaces for nanotechnology.
Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE): Overview, Components, and Public Health Applications

Background: The Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE) is a secure web-based tool that enables health care practitioners to monitor health indicators of public health importance for the detection and tracking of disease outbreaks, consequences of severe weather, and other events of concern. The ESSENCE concept began in an internally funded project at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, advanced with funding from the State of Maryland, and broadened in 1999 as a collaboration with the Walter Reed Army Institute for Research. Versions of the system have been further developed by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in multiple military and civilian programs for the timely detection and tracking of health threats. Objective: This study aims to describe the components and development of a biosurveillance system increasingly coordinating all-hazards health surveillance and infectious disease monitoring among large and small health departments, to list the key features and lessons learned in the growth of this system, and to describe the range of initiatives and accomplishments of local epidemiologists using it. Methods: The features of ESSENCE include spatial and temporal statistical alerting, custom querying, user-defined alert notifications, geographical mapping, remote data capture, and event communications. To expedite visualization, configurable and interactive modes of data stratification and filtering, graphical and tabular customization, user preference management, and sharing features allow users to query data and view geographic representations, time series and data details pages, and reports. These features allow ESSENCE users to gather and organize the resulting wealth of information into a coherent view of population health status and communicate findings among users. Results: The resulting broad utility, applicability, and adaptability of this system led to the adoption of ESSENCE by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, numerous state and local health departments, and the Department of Defense, both nationally and globally. The open-source version of Suite for Automated Global Electronic bioSurveillance is available for global, resource-limited settings. Resourceful users of the US National Syndromic Surveillance Program ESSENCE have applied it to the surveillance of infectious diseases, severe weather and natural disaster events, mass gatherings, chronic diseases and mental health, and injury and substance abuse. Conclusions: With emerging high-consequence communicable diseases and other health conditions, the continued user requirement–driven enhancements of ESSENCE demonstrate an adaptable disease surveillance capability focused on the everyday needs of public health. The challenge of a live system for widely distributed users with multiple different data sources and high throughput requirements has driven a novel, evolving architecture design.
Existence of static wormhole solutions using f(R,ϕ,X) theory of gravity

Abstract The basic aim of this paper is to investigate the existence of traversable wormhole in the background of f ( R , ϕ , X ) theory of gravity, where the terms used in this theory are clarified as: R is the Ricci Scalar, ϕ represents the scalar potential and X denotes the kinetic term. For this purpose, we choose the spherically symmetric space-time to discuss the existence of wormhole geometry for some realistic regions. For our current study, we consider three different kinds of fluids: anisotropic fluid, isotropic fluid and barotropic fluid. We determine some exact solutions by taking some specific shape function and red-shift function for anisotropic fluid and examine the behavior of energy conditions. Furthermore, we discuss the geometry of shape functions by considering some numerical solution for isotropic and barotropic fluid respectively. It is noticed that energy conditions especially Null energy condition and Weak energy condition are violated for anisotropic fluid as well as for isotropic and barotropic fluid. The violation of these energy conditions indicates the presence of exotic matter, which is the main candidate for the existence of wormhole. Under some sensible conditions, the analysis may gives an assurance of the existence of wormhole geometries in f ( R , ϕ , X ) theory of gravity.
Design For Manufacture of Printed Circuit Boards

Over the course of the last several years, the phrase design for manufacturability (DFM) has joined the growing list of three-letter acronyms that frequently appear in business and manufacturing publications. Among the benefits of DFM that have already been realized by the first converts are included faster product development cycles, reduction in time to market (TTM), and lower fabrication costs.
WHAT'S AHEAD FOR TUNNELING MACHINES?

Ten yr of tunnel construction data from 1955 to 1965 are reviewed to establish particular characteristics of the past-tunneling market. These characteristics include: (1) Total footage of tunnel construction completed each year; (2) a breakdown of these tunnels according to use (water transportation, vehicle tunnels, railroad and subway tunnels and mining tunnels); and (3) a profile of the 1955-1965 tunneling according to unlined-tunnel diameter and tunnel length. This data provided a history of tunneling activity and growth rates which were used in conjunction with expert opinions and announced future tunneling expectations to develop a forecast of 3,000 miles of worldwide-tunneling activity from 1966 to 1976. To estimate the impact of tunneling machines on the total market, a detailed cost analysis is outlined for Drill and Blast versus Mechanical Boring. The economic comparison showed tunneling machines to be an effective economic alternative in a significant portion of the future tunneling. It is estimated that tunneling machines will complete 1,000 miles of the total 3,000 miles forecasted between 1966 and 1976.
The Role of Nicotine in Smoking: A Dual-Reinforcement Model

Models of intravenous nicotine self-administration in laboratory animals are being used to investigate the behavioral and neurobiological consequences of nicotine reinforcement, and to aid in the development of novel pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation. Central to these models is the principle of primary reinforcement, which posits that response-contingent presentation of a primary reinforcer, nicotine, engenders robust operant behavior, whereas response-independent drug delivery does not. This dictum of nicotine as a primary reinforcer has been widely used to explain why people smoke tobacco-smoking results in the rapid delivery of nicotine to the brain, setting up a cascade of neurobiological processes that strengthen subsequent smoking behavior. However, there is mounting evidence that the primary reinforcement model of nicotine self-administration fails to fully explain existing data from both the animal self-administration and human smoking literatures. We have recently proposed a "dual reinforcement" model to more fully capture the relationship between nicotine and self-administration, including smoking. Briefly, the "dual reinforcement" model posits that nicotine acts as both a primary reinforcer and a reinforcement enhancer. The latter action of nicotine had originally been uncovered by showing that a reinforcing VS, which accompanies nicotine delivery, synergizes with nicotine in the acquisition and maintenance of self-administration, and that this synergism can be reproduced by combining operant responding for the reinforcing stimulus with non-contingent (response-independent) nicotine. Thus, self-administration (and smoking) is sustained by three actions: (1) nicotine, acting as a primary reinforcer, can sustain behavior that leads to its delivery; (2) nicotine, acting as a primary reinforcer, can establish neutral environmental stimuli as conditioned reinforcers through Pavlovian associations; and (3) nicotine, acting as a reinforcement enhancer, can magnify the incentive value of accompanying stimuli, be they conditioned or unconditioned reinforcers.
Preparation and purification of dynein.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the preparation, storage, use, and properties of dynein ATPase from sea urchin sperm flagella, which is probably one of the best available sources for providing relatively large quantities of this enzyme. Selective extraction and recombination followed by electron microscopy indicate that dynein comprises part or all of the arms bridging the gap among the doublet microtubules of the axoneme. High molecular weight, possession of ATPase activity, extractability with low-ionic-strength solutions in the presence of EDTA, and relationship to the arms on doublet tubules have become the identifying characteristics of dynein from other sources. The methods described in the chapter relate specifically in preparing latent activity dynein-1 (LAD-1) from sperm flagella of the Hawaiian sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. The general techniques are applicable to sperm flagella of many other animals. A brief comparative review of the methods that have been used for the preparation of dynein from various other sources and a list of some of the salient properties of these dynein ATPases are also provided in the chapter.
An Analysis of the Acquisition and Disposition of Real Estate Assets

This research studies the acquisition and disposition of real estate assets by non-real estate firms from 1981 through 1986. Contrary to previous studies of real estate assets, we find no abnormal ...
Analytic strong-coupling expansion in 1/e for the electron propagator without Fermion loops in quantum electrodynamics

Starting from the path integral for the electron propagator without fermion loops in a background electromagnetic field, we analytically derive a strong-coupling expansion in powers of 1/e. We find that in the strong-coupling limit the electron propagator is genuinely cut-off dependent. Furthermore, in leading order in 1/e it does not have a pole, which shows that in the strong-coupling limit the electron would contribute mostly as a virtual particle to physical processes. The introduction of fermion loops would not correspond to higher orders in 1/e, so a priori our results are only pertinent to the sector of QED we have chosen. However, we present arguments showing that the previous conclusions should also apply when all the fermion loops are included.
Analysis of the proteoglycans synthesized by corneal explants from embryonic chicken. II. Structural characterization of the keratan sulfate and dermatan sulfate proteoglycans from corneal stroma.

Abstract Radioisotopically labeled proteoglycans were isolated from a 4 M guanidine HCl, 2% Triton X-100 extract of corneal stroma from day 18 chicken embryos by anion-exchange chromatography. Two predominant proteoglycans in the sample were separated by octyl-Sepharose chromatography using a gradient elution of detergent in 4 M guanidine HCl. One proteoglycan had an overall mass of approximately 125 kDa, a single dermatan sulfate chain (approximately 85-90% chondroitin 4-sulfate, low iduronate content) of approximately 65 kDa, and a core protein after chondroitinase ABC digestion of approximately 45 kDa which also contained one to three N-linked oligosaccharides and one O-linked oligosaccharide. The other proteoglycan had an overall size of approximately 100 kDa, two to three keratan sulfate chains of approximately 15 kDa each, and a core protein following keratanase digestion of approximately 51 kDa which included two to three N-linked but no O-linked oligosaccharides. A larger size, a greater overall hydrophobicity (as measured by its interaction with octyl-Sepharose) and an absence of O-linked oligosaccharides argue that this core protein is a distinct gene product from the core protein of the dermatan sulfate proteoglycan.
Tort liability to those injured by negligent accreditation decisions.

From a public policy perspective, there is much to be said for using private accrediting bodies to help government agencies provide, subsidize, or regulate social service programs. Information about the nature of health, educational, and other social services is a public good; unless the government develops and disseminates this information itself or provides sufficient incentives for private entities to do so, not enough of it will be produced. These services, moreover, are usually supplied in an intensely politicized environment in which powerful interests are motivated to distort and even suppress programmatic information. Hence, policies to enlist private, nonprofit groups1 in producing and distributing information about the quality of social services may be highly desirable. Private accreditation has other potential advantages. Efficiency gains due to lower personnel or process costs may be possible, especially if the government encourages competition in the provision of accreditation services; superior quality of accreditation may also result. Even more important in the long run are the effects of private accreditation on the quality of the underlying social services, as it can encourage more diverse and innovative approaches to their design, delivery, and appraisal. Private accreditation can also help to make government providers, payors, and regulators more accountable and responsive to the general public than is likely when they in effect evaluate their own efforts.
A Global Service‐Learning Experience for Nursing Students in Tanzania: A Model for Collaboration

Purpose This article addresses a model for creating a short-term global service-learning program. The Global Standards for the Initial Education of Professional Nurses and Midwives guided the development of a collaborative program involving a school of nursing in the Midwestern United States and one in Tanzania. Conclusions Evaluation of the school of nursing and subsequent collaborative planning led to development and implementation of a 3-week global service-learning experience for nursing students. Practice Implications International academic partnerships, developed in accordance with WHO standards, will enhance educational experiences for nursing students both in the United States and abroad.
Identification of Zoogloea species and the Relationship to Zoogloeal Matrix and Floc Formation

Three floc-forming, gram-negative, polarly flagellated rods were isolated and characterized. Our isolates were compared to four similar floc-forming organisms previously isolated in another laboratory and classified as two species of Zoogloea, one of Pseudomonas, and as one unidentified gram-negative rod. Possession of zoogloeal matrix or flocculent growth habit was examined in relation to growth and biochemical patterns of the bacteria. A possible relationship of Zoogloea to other gelatinous matrix-producing bacteria is also discussed. Images
Treatment of idiopathic subfoveal choroidal neovascular lesions using photodynamic therapy with verteporfin.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report the effects of photodynamic therapy using verteporfin in the treatment of patients with subfoveal idiopathic choroidal vascularization (CNV). DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: In a retrospective study, eight eyes of eight consecutive patients aged 55 years or younger with subfoveal idiopathic CNV treated with photodynamic therapy using verteporfin were evaluated. Visual acuity was considered to be improved if the visual angle was halved, while acuity was thought to be worse if the visual angle doubled. RESULTS: The eight patients included three men and five women with a mean (± SD) age of 34.6 (± 9.7) years (range 25–53 years). The mean follow-up time was 13.5 months. At the end of the follow-up period the visual acuity improved in five eyes (62.5%), remained unchanged in one (12.5%), and decreased in two (25%). The mean acuity improvement was 3.6 lines of Snellen acuity by the end of the follow-up period, a change that was statistically significant ( P = .027, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). No patient had any complication from the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: There is no widely accepted method for treating subfoveal idiopathic CNV and all previously investigated methods have had a significant number of serious side effects. Although the follow-up time and the number of patients in this pilot study were limited, the encouraging results and lack of complications suggest that further study is indicated.
Predictors of social vulnerability: A multilevel analysis

Over the past three decades there has been a rapid increase in the number of disasters occurring worldwide that affect communities, households and individuals. The increase in disasters and the associated impacts are evident in our society. The impact of disasters can have more chronic impacts generating social and economic hardship, loss of employment, dissolution of personal relationships, and the long-term decline of physical and mental health. A study was undertaken to develop an understanding of the predictors of individual social vulnerability on individuals nested within communities. The Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System and 14 other community level data sources were used. The model investigated the influence of parish disaster history, operational resilience and socio-economic resilience on individual social vulnerability. Methods: The research design for the study was a multilevel repeated cross-sectional design with a three level nested structure. The software package MLwiN was used to conduct the multilevel analysis using empirical Bayes Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation. Using a representative sample of 34,685 individuals from 2004 to 2010, nested in 56 Louisiana parishes, the trend study allowed for an understanding of the subjective and objective factors that predict individual social vulnerability. Results: In each step, the model fit improved using the DIC statistic. Overall the results indicated that there were differences between parishes and their levels of individual social vulnerability; individual social vulnerability decreased from 2004 to 2010 and several statistically significant predictors of social vulnerability were identified. Statistically significant community level predictors of individual social vulnerability were lack of educational attainment, communities with less access to a household phone, community poverty and community unemployment. A trend was detected for age. Statistically significant two-way interactions were number of disasters and total population per square mile, and number of disasters and number of physicians per 100,000 population. A moderate trend was observed for the interaction effect of age and access to a household phone. Conclusions: With the significant increase of disasters worldwide it is imperative that factors causing social vulnerability are addressed. Results indicated that communities with lower levels of social vulnerability had higher levels of education, access to communication, and lower poverty and unemployment rates. Recommendations for future research are made, with policy and practice implications discussed.
Saccharide‐Protein Interactions

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Transferred NOE Studies 3 Residual Dipolar Coupling Studies 4 Acknowledgements 5 Biographical Sketches
The evolution of sexual size dimorphism in cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus, Leporidae)

In mammals, ‘female-biased’ sexual size dimorphism (SSD), in which females are larger than males, is uncommon. In the present study, we examined Sylvilagus, a purported case of female-biased SSD, for evolutionary correlations among species between SSD, body-size, and life-history variables. We find that: (1) although most species are female-biased, the degree and direction of SSD vary more than was previously recognized and (2) the degree of SSD decreases with increasing body size. Hence, Sylvilagus provides a new example, unusual for a female-biased taxon, in which allometry for SSD is consistent with ‘Rensch's Rule’. As a corollary to Rensch's Rule, we observe that changes in SSD in Sylvilagus are typically associated with larger, more significant changes in males than females. Female-biased SSD could be produced by selection for larger females, smaller males, or both. Although larger female size may be related to high fecundity and the extremely rapid fetal and neonatal growth in Sylvilagus, we find little evidence for a correlation between SSD and various fecundity-related traits in among-species comparisons. Smaller male size may confer greater reproductive success through greater mobility and reduced energetic requirements. We propose that a suite of traits (female dispersion, large male home ranges, reduced aggression, and a promiscuous mating system) has favoured smaller males and thus influenced the evolution of SSD in cottontails. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 95, 141–156.
The Reincarnation of Khensur Rinpoche: The Trials of Telo Rinpoche: A Stranger in My Native Land

The Reincarnation of Khensur Rinpoche. 1991. 55 minutes. color. video by Tenzing Sonam and Ritu Sarin. For more information, contact University of California Extension. Center Media and Independent Learning, 2000 Center Street. Suite 400. Berkeley, CA 94704. The Trials of Telo Rinpoche. 1994. 50 minutes, color. video by Tenzing Sonam and Ritu Sarin. For more information, contact University of California Extension. Center Media and Independent Learning, 2000 Center Street. Suite 400. Berkeley, CA 94704. Stranger in My Native Land. 1998. 30 minutes, color. video by Tenzing Sonam and Ritu Sarin. For more information, contact University of California Extension. Center Media and Independent Learning, 2000 Center Street. Suite 400. Berkeley, CA 94704.
Pathology of Desmoid Tumors

Desmoid fibromatosis is an uncommon locally aggressive fibroblastic/myofibroblastic neoplasm with no metastatic ability. The pathologic diagnosis is usually straightforward but can be difficult in small biopsies and in recurrences associated with scars from a prior procedure. Immunohistochemistry, specifically β-catenin, and more recently, molecular diagnostics can play an important role in its diagnosis. This chapter reviews the clinical and pathological features, highlights the role of immunohistochemistry and molecular studies in distinguishing desmoids from potential mimics, and briefly discusses the clinical behavior with reference to possible predictors of recurrence.
The Racket virtual machine and randomized testing

We present a PLT Redex model of a substantial portion of the Racket virtual machine and bytecode verifier (formerly known as MzScheme), along with lessons learned in developing the model. Inspired by the "warts-and-all" approach of the VLISP project, in which Wand et al. produced a verified implementation of Scheme, our model reflects many of the realities of a production system. Our methodology departs from the VLISP project's in its approach to validation; instead of producing a proof of correctness, we explore the use of QuickCheck-style randomized testing, finding it a cheap and effective technique for discovering a variety of errors in the model--from simple typos to more fundamental design mistakes.
Avoiding the inverse fractal problem for compressive sampling of 1/f data sets

We present a novel fractal Iterated Function System (IFS based) data interpolation algorithm enabling compressive sampling of 1/f data sets. We avoid the classical inverse IFS parameter estimation problem by using a novel analytical function driven variant of the random Iterated Function System (IFS) algorithm. We attempt to optimize the parameters of the analytical driver equation to optimize the data reconstruction by minimizing errors using various state-of-the-art genetic algorithms. We demonstrate our encouraging results and detail our methods and findings.
Runlength encoding of quantized discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients

Runlength encoding is used in image and video compression methods to efficiently store quantized Discrete Cosine Transform coefficients. The coefficients for each block are scanned in a zig-zag fashion, and runs of zeros are entropy coded. In this paper we present a comparison of the bit-rate resulting from runlength encoding with the bit-rate calculated as the coefficient-wise sum of entropies. Our experiments with several images show that the two are very close in practice. This is a useful result, for example, for designing quantization matrices to meet any bit-rate requirement. We also present an analytical framework to study these bit- rates. We consider two variants of runlength encoding. In the first one, the symbols that are entropy-coded are (runlength, value) pairs. In the second variant, which is the one used in JPEG, values are grouped together into categories based on magnitude.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Transport mechanisms in nanopores and nanochannels: Can we mimic nature?

The last few years have witnessed major advancements in the synthesis, modification, characterization and modeling of nanometer-size solid-state channels and pores. Future applications in sensing, energy conversion and purification technologies will critically rely on qualitative improvements in the control over the selectivity, directionality and responsiveness of these nanochannels and nanopores. It is not surprising, therefore, that researchers in the field seek inspiration in biological ion channels and ion pumps, paradigmatic examples of transport selectivity. This work reviews our current fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of transport of ions and larger cargoes through nanopores and nanochannels by examining recent experimental and theoretical work. It is argued that that structure and transport in biological channels and polyelectrolyte-modified synthetic nanopores are strongly coupled: the structure dictates transport and transport affects the structure. We compare synthetic and biological systems throughout this review to conclude that while they present interesting similarities, they also have striking differences.
Advances on the Design of Demountable Toroidal Field Coils With REBCO Superconductors for an ARIES-I Class Fusion Reactor

The recent development of REBCO superconducting tapes, cabling methods and joint concepts could be a revolutionary development for magnetic fusion. REBCO has better performance at high magnetic fields than traditional low temperature superconductors (LTS), and can be operated at a higher temperature than LTS for reduced thermodynamic cost of cooling. Use of REBCO superconductors in the magnet systems of tokamaks allows building demountable toroidal field (TF) coils, greatly simplifying reactor construction and maintenance. A demountable 20 T TF coil system with REBCO superconductors for an Aries-I class reactor has been conceptually designed. The coils have two elongated areas, one in the top of the coil and another in the outer midplane, where the mechanical and electrical demountable joints are located. The mechanical joints are closer to the inner part of the coil to reduce displacements and loads in the electrical joints. The electrical joints are composed of REBCO superconductor covered with copper for mechanical protection. The mechanical joints are composed by dovetail structures in the top, and are supported by bolts in the outer midplane.
Irrigation Method Affects Selenium Accumulation in Forage Brassica Species

Abstract A greenhouse study was conducted in sand cultures to compare the effects of saline irrigation waters applied by two different methods, flooding and above‐canopy sprinkling, on selenium (Se) accumulation by the forage brassicas, kale (Brassica oleracea L., cv. “Premier”) and turnip (B. rapa L., cv. “Forage Star”). The composition of the irrigation water was designed to simulate saline (7 dS m−1) drainage effluent commonly encountered in the San Joaquin Valley of California, and being evaluated for reuse by irrigation of salt tolerant crops. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with two irrigation methods, two plant species (kale and turnip), four Se concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 mg L−1 Se–SeO4 2−), and three replications. Kale was generally a more efficient Se accumulator than turnip. Shoot Se concentrations in kale and turnip increased with increasing Se in the irrigation waters regardless of irrigation method. Selenium was readily taken up by the leaves of the sprin...
Microbiology and antimicrobial treatment of pediatric cervical lymphadenitis requiring surgical intervention.

Abstract Background Acute cervical lymphadenitis is a common condition often times requiring antibiotic therapy and possible surgical drainage. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic management of children requiring surgical drainage for acute cervical lymphadenitis. Methods A retrospective, descriptive study was performed at a Midwestern US tertiary-care children's hospital on all immunocompetent children who underwent an incision and drainage procedure of cervical lymphadenitis from January 1999 to July 2009. Results A total of 277 patients were identified. Males represented 51% and the median age was 28 months (IQR: 13–59). Lymphadenitis was unilateral in 243 (87.7%) cases and bilateral in 19 (6.9%). Median length of hospital stay was 4 days (IQR: 3–5). Aerobic, anaerobic, acid fast bacillus (AFB), and fungal cultures were obtained intraoperatively in 99%, 98%, 82%, and 78% of cases, respectively. However no fungal cultures were positive and only 1% of anaerobic and 2% of AFB cultures were positive. The most common bacterial etiology was Staphylococcus aureus (35.7%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (18.8%). Of all cultures, 32% were negative. Overall, 22% were positive for methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and 13.7% for methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), with 96% MSSA and 100% MRSA susceptible to clindamycin. Median duration of discharge antibiotics prescribed was 10 days (IQR: 7–11). Only 12 (4.5%) patients required a repeat incision and drainage within 3 months. Conclusions A single antibiotic that treats S. pyogenes and S. aureus should be the empiric antibiotic for cervical lymphadenitis requiring incision and drain. We recommend sending only aerobic cultures intraoperatively as a routine practice as other pathogens are rare.
The abelian monopole fermion system and its self-adjoint extensions as a limit of a non-abelian system☆

Abstract We construct a non-abelian SU (2) monopole fermion system which, in the limit of vanishing monopole size and infinite mass for one of the charges, reproduces the abelian monopole fermion system for a single charge with an arbitrary mass matrix and the boundary condition at the origin which renders the hamiltonian hermitian.
Integrated Si 3 N 4 /SiO 2 ultra high Q ring resonators

We demonstrate a Si 3 N 4 waveguide optical resonator with a record high quality factor of 55 million using planar waveguide couplers. Investigations into coupler losses are studied to further increase performance.
Detection of single‐base substitution in an esterase gene and its linkage to malathion resistance in the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is an important parasitoid of stored-grain insect pests. Partial cDNA sequences of an esterase-like enzyme have been obtained from a malathion-resistant (R) strain and a susceptible (S) strain of this wasp. A single-base substitution in the R strain has been confirmed by using PCR amplification of specific allele (PASA) to amplify genomic DNA extracted from individual resistant and susceptible parents, F 1 hybrids from double reciprocal crosses, and progeny from backcrosses. The R allele appeared to be inherited in a strict Mendelian fashion in both diploid female and haploid male progeny. The esterase fragment co-segregated with resistance in these crosses and backcrosses. Female wasps in a mixed population of A calandrae that survived a malathion screen carried the R allele for the esterase-like enzyme, while those wasps that died did not have the R allele. The single base-pair mutation, guanine in the R strain and thymine in the S strain, presumably results in a tryptophan-to-glycine amino acid substitution in the encoded protein. We do not know how these amino acid substitutions may relate to functional differences in the enzyme. However, this esterase gene or another linked esterase gene may encode the resistance-associated malathion detoxifying activity in the R strain.
Cubic chain-of-rotators equation of state with density-dependent local composition mixing rules

Abstract A local comparison form fo the Cubic Chain-of-Rotators (CCOR) equation of state is developed for the description of molecular fluid mixtures. The density dependent local composition expression obtained from a recent computer simulation of square-well molecules is used in the development. Calculations from the CCOR equation of state in both the local composition form and the classical one-fluid mixing form are compared with vapor-liquid equilibrium data on a number of polar fluid mixtures.
Resource depression, climate change, and mountain sheep in the eastern Great Basin of western North America

Strontium, oxygen, and carbon stable isotope analysis may be used in conjunction with archaeofaunal data to identify resource depression by demonstrating that prey were obtained from more distant locations. We use fauna from Five Finger Ridge, a Fremont site in central Utah, to demonstrate that relative abundances of mountain sheep (Ovis canadensis) declined during a period of increased summer precipitation. Strontium ratio values from this period indicate that sheep were acquired from different locations than the preceding period. Specimens from this period also show a moderate increase in carbon ratio values, suggesting that mountain sheep were acquired from higher altitudes. Oxygen isotopes do not vary between temporal periods, possibly the result of the countering effects of higher oxygen isotope values associated with increased summer temperatures and lower oxygen isotope values present at higher elevations. Collectively, these data support that there were localized population declines of mountain sheep that may be related to either climatic changes or hunting pressure.
Immunoglobulin synthesis in hereditarily spleenless mice.

RENEWED interest in the requirement of the spleen for immunological competence1ndash;4 has stimulated us to investigate its need to produce various antibodies. So far genetically spleenless mice5 have been used in only one immunological study that revealed their capacity to produce antibody to bacteria6. Differentiation of antibodies that agglutinate from those that lyse erythrocytes7–9 as well as delineation of two varieties of skin-sensitizing immunoglobulins in mice10 has enabled us to search for these in hereditarily spleenless mice (B6.CBA, Dh/+), their normal littermates (B6.CBA, +/+) and +/+ littermates splenectomized as adults (made available by Dr M. C. Green, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine).
Host-dependent modification of bacterial virus T3 affecting its adsorption ability.

Abstract The adsorption and thus the growth of T3 on Escherichia coli W cells ( E. coli K12 derivative) depends decisively on the host strain on which the virus was previously propagated. Depending on the modification conferred to the virus by its last host, its efficiency of plating on E. coli W varies between 10 −7 and 10 −1 . This does not reflect the appearance of T3 host-range mutants, but a fully reversible modification of genotypically unchanged T3 wild-type phage.
KITT PEAK SEEING

The profiles of stellar images near the zenith are measured on 57 random nights between 1975 and 1979, by employing a sequence of Coude slit widths and an exposure meter that measures the profiles in one dimension to an average internal standard error of plus or minus 0.06 arcsec. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are discussed, together with questions of seasonal variations in seeing for Kitt Peak. The results are examined, and it is determined that directional (seeing) differences occur due to local topography or to the wind direction.
A comparison of two walking while talking paradigms in aging.

Abstract Background Our study aimed to [1] compare dual-task costs in gait and cognitive performance during two dual-task paradigms: walking while reciting alternate letters of the alphabet (WWR) and walking while counting backward by sevens (WWC); [2] examine the relationship between the gait and cognitive interference tasks when performed concurrently. Scope Gait and cognitive performance were tested in 217 non-demented older adults (mean age 76 ± 8.8 years; 56.2% female) under single and dual-task conditions. Velocity (cm/s) was obtained using an instrumented walkway. Cognitive performance was assessed using accuracy ratio: [correct responses]/[total responses]. Linear mixed effects models revealed significant dual-task costs, with slower velocity ( p p p (p Conclusions Our findings suggested that dual-task costs in gait increase as the complexity of the cognitive task increases. Furthermore, the positive association between the gait and cognitive tasks suggest that dual-task performance was not influenced by task prioritization strategies in this sample.
Systematically manipulating T-cell signaling dynamics via multiple model informed open-loop controller design

A multiple-model approach to open-loop control of T-cell signaling pathways is presented. Mathematical models of the T-cell signaling pathway are used to inform the controller design. The proposed framework employs a model predictive control strategy to reduce the computational complexity of the open loop control problem. Predictions from each model are weighted using adaptive Akaike weights that are iteratively computed for each controller update step based upon the most relevant training data subsets. This process accounts for the fact that models differ in their ability to accurately reflect the system dynamics under different experimental conditions. The algorithm is evaluated in silico and simulations demonstrate how the model weighting strategy more effectively manages the inaccuracies of any single model. Furthermore, the multiple-model control strategy is evaluated in vitro to direct T-cell signaling. The controller-derived input sequence successfully drives the relative concentration of phosphorylated Erk along the desired trajectory when implemented in the laboratory.
Captopril-Induced Renal Insufficiency

Excerpt To the editor: In the August issue, Hricik (1) suggests that volume status is an important factor in captopril-induced functional renal failure that occurs when perfusion pressure to the to...
Do intracellular thiol or peroxidase levels block radiation sensitization by nitrous oxide in some E. coli strains

SummaryAlthough nitrous oxide (N2O) is often a radiation sensitizer in procaryotic cells, it fails to sensitize some strains of bacteria, some yeast strains, and most eucaryotic cell lines. At present this inconsistency cannot be satisfactorily explained. The experiments here use eight strains of E. coli, some of which are not sensitized by N2O, to test the hypotheses that N2O's failure to sensitize might be based on high thiol content or on low peroxidase activity. Our data contradict those hypotheses. In addition, further data show that the strains not sensitized by N2O contain no unique cellular component or compound which blocks damage from N2O.
Social Constraint as a Determinant of Charitable Behavior.

Social psychologists have long recognized the influence of social constraint or evaluarion apprehension, the presence of expectations of significant others in the actor's psychological environment, on attitudes and behavior (Warner & De Fleur, 1969). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of social constraint on "charitable behavior," conduct intended to benefit another person at a cost to the actor with little possibility of material reimbursement or reward. In this regard, charity is a widely accepted expectation which has become deeply ingrained in American culture and institutionalized as desirable and appropriate conduct (Leeds, 1763). Therefore, it was hypothesized that high social constraint produces greater charitable behavior than low social constraint. To test this hypothesis, 64 Boston University freshmen were contacted during a regularly scheduled class and were asked in writing for contributions of money to a Biafran relief fund whose avowed purpose was to reduce starvation and provide medical facilities among Biafran civilians. The amount of money contributed by each S was employed as the dependent variable measure. To create a condition of high social constraint. one-half of the Ss were told that a list of contributors would be wsted in the main hallway of their classroom building; to produce low social constraint, one-half of the Ss were told that donors would not be identified individually. Money was collected in individually identified envelopes and donated to the charity specified. A 2 X 2 analysis of variance of charitable behavior (social constraint X sex) yielded a significant main effect for social constraint (P = 5.04, df = 1/60, p < .O5). As hypothesized, Ss under high social constraint were significantly more charitable (M = 9.36) than Ss under low social constraint (M = S.23). In addition, female Ss tended to be more charitable (M = 8.37) than their male counterparts (M = $.27), though at a borderline level of significance (F = 3.73, df = 1/60, p < .lo). Beyond their implications for charitable organizations seeking ro enlist contributors, present results demonstrate the important influence of Durkheim's (1950) conception, long held by social psychologists and sociologists alike, that "constraints" imposed by the collective expectations of others have a "power of coercion" over interacting individuals. More specifically, these findings indicate that such individuals are more likely to give monetary assistance when they anticipate being evaluated by their peers. As a related matter, one might investigate the interaction between personality of donor (e.g., social desirability) and social constraint on charitable behavior as well as ocher forms of helping. That females tended to be more charitable than males is consistent with previous data which suggest that the female role is particularly associated with heightened sensitivity co the problems of others (Schopler, 1767).
Zen principles and mindfulness practice in dialectical behavior therapy

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993a ) was developed as a treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD). It involves a dialectical synthesis of the change-oriented strategies of cognitive-behavioral therapy with more acceptance-oriented principles and strategies adapted primarily from client-centered therapy and from Zen. In this paper, I note both similarities and contrasts between cognitive-behavioral therapy and Zen. I then highlight the role of Zen principles in DBT's assumptions about patients, theory of BPD, selection of treatment targets, and treatment strategies. Finally, the article describes the value of mindfulness practice for patients with BPD, how mindfulness skills are taught to patients in DBT, and benefits of mindfulness practice for therapists.