cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between hospital procedure volume and complications following congenital cardiac catheterization: A report from the IMproving Pediatric and Adult Congenital Treatment (IMPACT) registry

Background The association between institutional volume and outcomes has been demonstrated for cardiac catheterization among adults, but less is known about this relationship for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac catheterization. Methods Within the IMPACT registry, we identified all catheterizations between January 2011 and March 2015. Hierarchical logistic regression, adjusted for patient and procedural characteristics, was used to determine the association between annual catheterization lab volume and occurrence of a major adverse event (MAE). Results Of 56,453 catheterizations at 77 hospitals, an MAE occurred in 1014 (1.8%) of cases. In unadjusted analysis, a MAE occurred in 2.8% (123/4460) of cases at low-volume hospitals ( P P =.008), 0.62 (95% CI 0.41-0.95, P =.03), and 0.52 (95% CI 0.31-0.90, P =.02) at medium-, high-, and very-high-volume programs, respectively. Conclusions Although the risk of MAE after cardiac catheterization in patients with CHD is low at all hospitals, it is higher among hospitals with fewer than 150 cases annually. These results support the notion that centers meeting this threshold volume for congenital cardiac catheterizations may achieve improved patient outcomes.
Spatial patterns of fishing fleets on the Southeastern Brazilian Bight

This study aimed to determine the different usage strategies of the marine environment by fishing fleets landing in Sao Paulo based on an analysis of the spatial distribution patterns indicated in 337,482 trips between 2010 and 2013. The sea region off the Brazilian coast between 23o00'S and 28o00'S (Southeastern Brazilian Bight) was divided into six depth strata. For each stratum, the number of trips, effective fishing days, catch and number of jobs were estimated. The stratum from 0 to 20 m depth had the highest frequency of trips and importance for the low-mobility fleets from which 33% of the total catch landed in the state was extracted. The higher mobility fleets were more represented starting at depths of 20 m. The stratum from 20-50 m had the largest catches, 52% of the total landings. The activity of the Sao Paulo fishing fleets, with low or high fishing power, was concentrated on the inner shelf. The region of the outer shelf and the continental shelf break are also frequently exploited by the higher mobility fleets, where the largest catches of demersal fish occur. The demersal and pelagic environments beyond the continental shelf break are rarely exploited and require the use of specific fishing gear.
Ceramic production and provenance in the Yiluo Basin (Henan, China): Geoarchaeological interpretations of utilitarian craft production in the Erlitou state

Abstract Petrographic and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis performed on late Neolithic/early Bronze Age utilitarian ceramic assemblages from three high-level centers in the Yiluo River valley (Henan, China) – Erlitou, Huizui, and Shaochai – have identified discriminating features which serve as a basis for inferring community-level production loci on an intra-basinal scale. Principal among these are 1) a volcanic and sulfide-silica “Luo River” inclusion signature seen at Erlitou and Shaochai, 2) a metamorphic (amphibole gneiss and schist) signature seen almost exclusively in sherds from Huizui, and 3) a predominantly fine-grained siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary lithic “Songshan Mountain” signature observed among sherds at both Huizui and Shaochai. The pXRF data help to further refine these petrographic provenance assignments. Identification of overwhelmingly “local” production signatures suggests that wares were not widely exchanged between the Erlitou urban core and the surrounding centers with much frequency during the Erlitou period (ca. 1900–1500 BCE). Domestic wares may have been produced for systems of local exchange among regional centers and surrounding rural potting communities utilizing ceramic raw materials found within shared geological resource zones. The persistence of local production signatures throughout the Yangshao (ca. 5000–3000 BCE), Longshan (ca. 3000–2000 BCE), and Erlitou periods at Huizui suggests that systems of localized ceramic production and exchange within the Yiluo basin were not significantly altered in response to processes of urbanism and regional economic integration characterizing formation of the Erlitou state.
The Education of Andrew Carnegie: Strategic Philanthropy in American Higher Education, 1880–1919

In the decades around the turn of the 20th century, American business leaders took their first sustained interest in higher education. This historical article, based on archival analysis, challenge...
Abstract 5795: Loss of CDCP1 in patient prostate cancer metastasis leads to uncoupling of beta-1 integrin from its cytoplasmic signaling through FAK

The Cub-Domain Containing Protein - 1, CDCP1, is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which is able to sequester Src and PKCδ into unique microdomains within the plasma membrane. CDCP1 can either promote or suppress tumor metastasis, dependent on the cancer type and experimental system. How the loss of CDCP1 leads to tumor metastasis is not well understood. We demonstrated for the first time in patients with prostate cancer (PCA), a significant reduction of CDCP1 expression in circulating cancer cells (CTC) and tumor metastasis relative to primary tumors and concordant analytical results. To investigate how the loss of CDCP1 facilitates PCA metastasis, we determined the consequences of CDCP1 loss in non-adherent cancer cells, which provide an experimental model system of CTCs. In this system, CDCP1 silenced cells exhibit 3-fold higher proliferation, 4-fold greater anchorage independent growth with colonies exceeding 5 microns in diameter, and a 2-fold reduction in migration ability. In 10% human plasma, these cells up-regulate p-FAK, p-SRC, p-AKT and p-MAPK expression, and at the same time loose expression of activated β1-integrin. The loss of inside-out activation of β1-integrin occurs through prevention of TALIN phosphorylation. Upon loss of CDCP1, Talin is no longer phosphorylated by CDK5 and this causes the disassembly of the β1 integrin - Talin complex. In addition, β1-integrin dissociates from CDK5 and from the CDK5-regulatory subunit, p35, but remains bound to p-FAK. We determined the pathway by which the loss of CDCP1 arrests CDK5 kinase activity. Upon loss of CDCP1, SRC phosphorylates p35. This generates a binding site for the C2 domain of PKCδ and phosphorylation of CDK5-T77 by PKCδ. The subsequent dissociation of the regulatory subunit abolishes the activity of CDK5. We show that both SRC inhibition and silencing of PKCδ reestablish the inside-out activation of β1-integrin. Altogether we discovered a new mechanism of regulation of CDK5 in prostate cancer cells, which leads to the uncoupling of β1-integrin and FAK. The potential biological and clinical consequences of this mechanism are (1) a switch from cell-matrix to cell-cell adhesion, (2) increased sensitivity of CTCs to FAK inhibitors and (3) improved adaptation and survival of cancer cells in the circulation and at the metastatic sites. Citation Format: Sara G. Pollan, Fangjin Huang, Joshua M. Lang, Jamie M. Sperger, Kavita Shah, Beatrice S. Knudsen. Loss of CDCP1 in patient prostate cancer metastasis leads to uncoupling of beta-1 integrin from its cytoplasmic signaling through FAK [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5795. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5795
Barriers and facilitators of physical education participation for students with disabilities: an exploratory study

The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to participation in physical education (PE) for students with disabilities (SWD) from the perspectives of in-service physical ...
Complex Fourier Series

This chapter paves the way for the Fourier transform which most often utilizes complex exponentials for basis functions. It is also the starting point for using complex numbers and analysis in the text. We show in this chapter how to decompose an arbitrary periodic signal in terms of summation of weighted complex exponentials of the form \(f(t) = \sum _n a_n e^{j \omega _n t}\). The expansion coefficients are calculated by integrating the target function against the complex exponentials, for each frequency. We stress that even though the used basis functions are complex they are able to reproduce real functions simply by isolating the real or imaginary parts of the complex exponentials. We also derive the relation between the complex Fourier coefficients to those of the real Fourier series. We demonstrate the process generating the complex Fourier series on a few examples, including the periodic pulse and dwell on the meaning of negative frequencies. We also reexamine the signal spectrum and expand it now to include negative frequencies. The complex Fourier series is the starting point for the complex Fourier transform.
Healthcare Resource Use in Patients with Diagnosis of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) in Optum™ U.S. Claims Database (P4.158)

Objective: Describe HRU among patients with diagnostic codes for SMA in a US commercial claims database. Background: SMA is a devastating rare, autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease clinically characterized by severe and progressive muscular atrophy and weakness. HRU in SMA has been shown to be high; however, no published studies have assessed HRU in U.S. commercial claims data. Design/Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of Optum’s Clinformatics™ DataMart for MultiPlan, a large US insurance claims database covering approximately 96.7 million lives from 49 plans across seven regions. Patients included in this analysis were born between January 2004 and September 2015 with ≥2 diagnostic codes for SMA (ICD-9: 335.0 or 335.1×) ≥31 days apart. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: 3,146 patients had ≥2 diagnostic codes for SMA ≥31 days apart, of which 342 met inclusion criteria (51% male; average age 2.1 years). Median follow-up time was 19.1 months (average 36.9 months). Top diagnosis claims included lack of coordination (63%), acute respiratory infections (62%), respiratory abnormality (56%), cough (54%), and feeding difficulties/mismanagement (50%). Only 3.8% of patients had a claim for genetic testing. 66.4% had ≥1 inpatient stay (average 3.5 per patient) with a mean length of stay (LOS) of 10 days (median 4 days), and a maximum LOS of 389 days. Top inpatient claims included pneumonia (23%), pulmonary collapse (18%), respiratory failure (16%), gastrostomy status (15%), and esophageal reflux (15%). 64% had ≥1 ER visit. Patients averaged 225 outpatient visits. Claims for g-tubes and tracheostomy occurred in 25% and 7% of patients, respectively. Suction machines (47%), cough assist (38%), and BiPAP/CPAP (36%) were the most prevalent durable medical equipment claims. Conclusions: Patients with diagnostic codes for SMA demonstrated high HRU, consistent with the clinical course of SMA. Further analysis is warranted to understand the economic burden of HRU in SMA to inform research efforts for therapeutic interventions. Study Supported by: Funded by Biogen Disclosure: Dr. Teynor has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen as an employee. Dr. Teynor holds stock/stock options in Biogen. Dr. Hou has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen as an employee. Dr. Zhou has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec. Dr. Zhou has received research support from Biogen Idec. Dr. Hall has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec as an employee. Dr. Hall holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen Idec. Dr. Wells has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen as an employee. Dr. Avendano has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen as an employee. Dr. Avendano holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen.
Understanding Health-Related Quality of Life in Caregivers of Civilians and Service Members/Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury: Establishing the Reliability and Validity of PROMIS Fatigue and Sleep Disturbance Item Banks.

Abstract Objective To examine the reliability and validity of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures of sleep disturbance and fatigue in traumatic brain injury (TBI) caregivers and to determine the severity of fatigue and sleep disturbance in these caregivers. Design Cross-sectional survey data collected through an online data capture platform. Setting A total of 4 rehabilitation hospitals and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. Participants Caregivers (N=560) of civilians (n=344) and service member/veterans (SMVs) (n=216) with TBI. Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures PROMIS sleep and fatigue measures administered as both computerized adaptive tests (CATs) and 4-item short forms (SFs). Results For both samples, floor and ceiling effects for the PROMIS measures were low ( Conclusions Findings support the reliability and validity of the PROMIS CAT and SF measures of sleep disturbance and fatigue in caregivers of civilians and SMVs with TBI.
Influenza evolution with little host selection

Influenza viruses undergo rapid antigenic evolution. Analysis of a large dataset of influenza virus sequences, using host age as a proxy for immune experience, shows no evidence for immune positive selection driving antigenic evolution in individual infected humans.
The Economics of Personal Data and the Economics of Privacy

We provide an overview of the economic analysis of the protection and revelation of personal data. In particular, we (1) describe the evolution of the economic theory of privacy, (2) examine privacy-related trade-offs for data subjects and data holders, and (3) highlight the current economic debate on privacy protection.
Potential Vorticity Generation by West African Squall Lines

AbstractThe West African summer monsoon features multiple, complex interactions between African easterly waves (AEWs), moist convection, variable land surface properties, dust aerosols, and the diu...
Ceramic binder jetting additive manufacturing: Effects of particle size on feedstock powder and final part properties

Abstract Binder jetting is a promising additive manufacturing process to fabricate a wide range of materials, including ceramics. The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of particle size on flowability and sinterability of the feedstock powder and resultant properties of fabricated parts. A commercial ceramic composite powder was sieved into three different particle size ranges: designated as fine, medium, and coarse powders, respectively. Flowability and sinterability measurements were performed on the sieved powders. After printing and sintering, the density of samples was measured with the Archimedes’ method. Compressive tests were performed to investigate the mechanical properties of the fabricated parts. The experimental results showed that flowability increased but sinterability decreased as particle size increased. The printed and sintered density was dependent on both flowability and sinterability: the highest density was achieved by the medium powder due to the balance between flowability and sinterability. The compressive strength was dominated by sinterability: the highest strength was achieved by the fine powder because of the highest sinterability.
Convergent and distributed effects of the schizophrenia-associated 3q29 deletion on the human neural transcriptome

Abstract The 1.6Mb 3q29 deletion (3q29Del) confers >40-fold increased risk for schizophrenia (SZ) and is also a risk factor for intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). No single gene in this interval is definitively associated with SZ, ID, or ASD, prompting the hypothesis that neurodevelopmental sequelae emerge upon loss of multiple functionally-connected genes. However, 3q29 interval genes are unevenly annotated and the impact of the 3q29Del on the human neural transcriptome is not known. To formulate unbiased hypotheses, we engaged a systems-level approach using the adult human cortical transcriptome to predict novel biological roles, functional inter-relations and disease associations for individual 3q29 genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that the 21 protein-coding genes located in the 3q29 interval segregate into seven clusters, demonstrating both convergent and distributed effects across the transcriptomic landscape. Analysis of 3q29 gene-containing clusters revealed nervous-system specific functions, such as regulation and organization of synaptic signaling, as well as core aspects of cell biology, including transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, protein modifications, and mitochondrial metabolism. Top network neighbors of 3q29 interval genes show significant overlap with known SZ, ASD and ID-risk genes, suggesting that 3q29Del biology is relevant to idiopathic disease. By leveraging “guilt by association”, we propose nine 3q29 genes, including one hub gene, as prioritized drivers of neuropsychiatric risk. To test these predictions, we generated the first human cellular model of 3q29Del syndrome and show that neural progenitor cell (NPC) lines derived from 3q29Del carriers empirically validate network-derived targets, highlighting both the biological relevance of this in silico analysis and this novel NPC model of 3q29Del. These results provide foundational information to formulate testable hypotheses on causal drivers and mechanisms of the largest known genetic risk factor for SZ.
The association between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and myelodysplastic syndromes in the Adults in Minnesota with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (AIMMS) Study.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of blood disorders. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with a chemopreventive effect in some cancers. We evaluat...
The Ethics of Mentoring in Dermatology

Mentoring is a special way of guiding, advising and supporting the next generation of medical students, residents, junior faculty, and many senior faculty in a personal, one-on-one manner. Whether there is a formal mentoring program, or mentoring occurs in an ad hoc fashion, virtually every dermatologist sees this activity as an integral part of his or her training. It establishes relationships that can last weeks, months, or a lifetime. Herein, we examine the ethical principles that guide the mentor and mentee during their relationship, the components of mentorship that heighten the risk for ethical conflicts and present common case scenarios to demonstrate ethical issues that can occur during mentorship. Although the mentor and mentee both share responsibilities for effective mentoring, herein we focus largely on ethical responsibilities of the more powerful member of this pair: the mentor.
Active learning and relevance vector machine in efficient estimate of basin stability for large-scale dynamic networks

The interconnectivity between constituent nodes gives rise to cascading failure in most dynamic networks, such as a traffic jam in transportation networks and a sweeping blackout in power grid systems. Basin stability (BS) has recently garnered tremendous traction to quantify the reliability of such dynamical systems. In power grid networks, it quantifies the capability of the grid to regain the synchronous state after being perturbated. It is noted that detection of the most vulnerable node or generator with the lowest BS or N − 1 reliability is critical toward the optimal decision making on maintenance. However, the conventional estimation of BS relies on the Monte Carlo (MC) method to separate the stable and unstable dynamics originated from the perturbation, which incurs immense computational cost particularly for large-scale networks. As the BS estimate is in essence a classification problem, we investigate the relevance vector machine and active learning to locate the boundary of stable dynamics or the basin of attraction in an efficient manner. This novel approach eschews the large number of sampling points in the MC method and reduces over 95% of the simulation cost in the assessment of N − 1 reliability of power grid networks.
Generalizing Classical Clifford Algebras, Graded Clifford Algebras and their Associated Geometry

This article is based on a talk given by the author at the 12th International Conference on Clifford Algebras and their Applications in Mathematical Physics. A generalization, introduced by Cassidy and the author, of a classical Clifford algebra is discussed together with connections between that generalization and a generalization of a graded Clifford algebra. A geometric approach to studying the algebras, viewed through the lens of Artin, Tate and Van den Bergh’s noncommutative algebraic geometry, is also presented.
Non-neurogenic Tumoral and Pseudotumoral Lesions Affecting Peripheral Nerve

This chapter reviews a variety of non-neurogenic tumoral and pseudotumoral lesions affecting nerve. These may include benign entities such as ganglion cysts, adipose lesions of nerve, and neuromuscular choristomas or malignant ones such as metastases with perineural spread. Knowledge of their clinicoradiological features can generate a differential diagnosis, in some cases establishing a diagnosis without the need for biopsy. These findings have treatment implications.
Summary of Recent GALCIT Hypersonic Experimental Investigations

The GALCIT 5- by 5-in. continuous hypersonic wind tunnels are designed for maximum stagnation temperatures of 400°F. (Leg No. 1) and 1,100°F. (Leg No. 2) and for a maximum reser­ voir pressure of 1,040 lbs. per sq.in. The hypersonic shock tube is being used to obtain aerodynamic information, and some pre­ liminary results are presented. By measurements of static and total head pressure in the nozzle, the amount of supersaturation of the air has been determined for a higher range of hypersonic Mach Numbers. On a 26-in. long flat plate an extensive in­ vestigation at Mach Number 5.8 was conducted to determine the contamination of the laminar boundary layer due to air injection from orifices near the leading edge and the turbulent boundary layer from the side walls. The transition Reynolds Number for a flat plate was at least 5.5 million for a Mach Number of 5.8, and the laminar boundary layer seemed to be extremely stable at this Mach Number and required strong disturbances to produce transition. The static pressure on a flat plate varied due to the interaction of the leading edge shock wave with the boundary layer on the plate.
The Outliers become a Stampede as Immunometabolism Reaches a Tipping Point

Obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are characterized by pro-inflammatory alterations in the immune system including shifts in leukocyte subset differentiation and in cytokine/chemokine balance. The chronic, low-grade inflammation resulting in large part from changes in T-cell, B-cell, and myeloid compartments promotes and/or exacerbates insulin resistance (IR) that, together with pancreatic islet failure, defines T2D. Animal model studies show that interruption of immune cell-mediated inflammation by any one of several methods almost invariably results in the prevention or delay of obesity and/or IR. However, anti-inflammatory therapies have had a modest impact on established T2D in clinical trials. These seemingly contradictory results indicate that a more comprehensive understanding of human IR/T2D-associated immune cell function is needed to leverage animal studies into clinical treatments. Important outstanding analyses include identifying potential immunological checkpoints in disease etiology, detailing immune cell/adipose tissue cross-talk, and defining strengths/weaknesses of model organism studies to determine whether we can harness the promising new field of immunometabolism to curb the global obesity and T2D epidemics.
Implementing digital story telling in a Computers in Education course

Assessment and the integration of advanced technologies are key themes for the 21st century educator. The electronic portfolio project was developed to explore the possibilities of using web-based technology to store artifacts as evidence of student achievements of course goals and objectives. Furthermore, the tool can be used to respond to the need for assessments and accountability and to present a model that utilizes performance measures to demonstrate the meeting of standards set by state agencies. Because these systems require data collection, portfolios can be integrated to show progress over time and adherence to standards. Also, the use of technology supports the assessment work that can be collected in real-time feedback. This presentation will discuss how electronic portfolios development supports both the need for assessment and integration of advanced technology in a graduate level Computers in Education course during the spring 2009 semester.
Extraversió humana i deambulació en rates

In this paper we are trying to prove whether the open field ambulation of the rat can be considered as a good index of extraversion behavior. Our findings reveal that high open field ambulation is associated with other behaviors related to extraversion one. Furthermore they reveal that «changes» in measure (light-darkness test) is the best index of extraversion
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and aging

Publisher Summary Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a major nuclear protein associated with chromatin that contains zinc fingers and binds to either double- or single-strand DNA breaks. Upon binding to DNA, PARP is activated and forms covalent homopolymers of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) attached to a number of nuclear proteins, including itself and proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Nuclear NAD, which comprises 95% of the total cellular NAD, is the substrate for polymer formation. PARP has been implicated in numerous biological functions, involved with the breaking and rejoining of DNA. PARP has been demonstrated to play a role as a coactivator of gene transcription. An attempt to demonstrate a direct role for PARP in longevity has been made in several studies in which the investigators have shown that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation inhibits DNA amplification induced by carcinogens. A strong positive correlation was observed between inducible PARP activities in permeablized mononuclear leukocytes of 13 mammalian species and their life spans. By Western blot analysis, no correlation between the amount of PARP protein and life span was found, suggesting higher PARP specific activity in longer-lived species. The mechanism by which PARP might play a role in the aging process is unclear. However, its roles in DNA repair, genomic stability, and cell death could conceivably contribute to its putative association with longevity.
Effects of landscape position and age of reconstructed prairies in previously cultivated land on soil carbon dynamics and physical properties

In recent years, conversion of crop and marginal land to reconstructed prairie has been gaining momentum, due to the prairies’ aesthetic and environmental values. However, little attention has been given to the belowground biogeochemical processes, which have potential to reduce soil erosion, and sequester significant amounts of atmospheric CO2 in the soil. The general objectives of this study were to determine the effects of years since establishment and slope position on soil C dynamics of reconstructed prairies by (1) quantifying changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (TN) stocks, (2) establishing whether a site is a sink or source for CO2 by measuring potential C input and C loss via microbial respiration, (3) potential erosion effects by measuring water infiltration, and (4) examining the interrelationships between soil aggregation and SOC sequestration. The study was conducted in Jasper and Warren counties in Iowa. Soils in both Jasper and Warren counties formed in loess under native vegetation of tallgrass prairie. All of the reconstructed prairie sites were located in the Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge. The remnant prairie was located approximately 95 kilometers southwest in Rolling Thunder Prairie in Warren County. All sampling plots were located on summit, mid-slope, and toeslope positions and were chosen by year of establishment and the presence of relatively similar soils. There were three reconstructed prairie sites varying in establishment year: 1993, 1998, and 2003. These sites were then compared to an adjacent row crop production site, categorized as a no-till site, established in 2003. A prairie remnant site was included to identify the upper limits for selected soil properties, prior to conversion to cultivated row crop production. The experiment was designed so that site was the main treatment, replicated three times along different slope positions in plots of approximately 4 m and 30 m apart.
Orthopedic Casualties in an Activated National Guard Mechanized Infantry Brigade during Operation Desert Shield

From November 1990 to April 1991, the 48th Infantry Brigade (Mechanized), an Army National Guard unit, was activated under Operation Desert Shield and deployed to the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California, for training in desert warfare. All casualties requiring care beyond the battalion aid stations were evacuated to the medical company organic to the 48th Brigade. Each of 727 orthopedic patient visits were grouped into one of eight etiologies: trauma, degenerative, overuse, infectious, neoplastic, congenital/pediatric, miscellaneous, and psychiatric. Each case was also classified according to anatomic region, severity, and disposition as well as need for a minor procedure, operation, or referral. Orthopedic casualties in a reserve mechanized infantry brigade undergoing intensive field training primarily arose from four common etiologic/regional presentations: wrist/hand trauma, knee/leg trauma, spine/pelvis degenerative, and ankle/foot overuse. Many of these injuries are predictable consequences of a particular soldier's military occupational specialty and unit mission.
Language Arts and Keyboarding Skill Development

AbstractThis study investigated the integration of language arts activities and keyboarding skill development practices in the fourth grade. Given the expressed need to integrate keyboarding with subject matter and the feasibility of doing so, the following question raised was: Is there a difference in language arts achievement at the end of instruction between groups of students who learned language arts and developed keyboarding skill and those who learned language arts only? Students’ language arts pretest scores were used as a covariate. Traditional language arts instruction was provided for the control group and the integrated activities that included keyboarding skill development and language arts activities were provided for the experimental group. At the end of the school year, there was no significant difference in the language arts scores of the two groups, and the experimental group developed keyboarding skill as well. Therefore, students can learn language arts while developing keyboarding ski...
The Noice Collection of Copper Inuit Material Culture

The Noice Collection of Copper Inuit Material Culture. James W. VanStone. Fieldiana, Anthropology, new series, No. 22. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1994. 71 pp. 44 b/w photographs and line drawings; appendix; bibliography. $17.00 (paper).
The role of deoxycytidine-metabolizing enzymes in the cytotoxicity induced by 3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxycytidine and cytosine arabinoside.

The cellular metabolism of 3′-amino-2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (3′-NH2-dCyd), a cytotoxic agent previously reported to be a poor substrate for purified Cyd/dCyd deaminase (dCydD), was compared with that of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) in cells that displayed dCydD activity (HeLa) and in cells that did not (L1210). Growth inhibition induced by 3′-NH2-dCyd was dependent on the levels of anabolic enzymes, particularly dCyd kinase (dCydK), whereas cytotoxicity induced by ara-C was dependent on the expression of both anabolic and catabolic enzyme activities. Competition kinetics using purified enzyme revealed that the binding affinity of ara-C to dCydK was 5-fold that of the amino analog. However, this binding advantage is apparently offset in cells that contain high levels of dCydD, since the Ki values for this enzyme were 0.2 and 23mm for ara-C and 3′-NH2-dCyd, respectively. This was reflected in the decrease in analog sensitivity observed between the two cell lines, whereby the concentrations of ara-C and 3′-NH2-dCyd required to inhibit growth by 50% were 200 and 7 times higher, respectively, in the dCydD-containing HeLa cells as compared with the dCydD-deficient L1210 cells. The metabolic stability and cytotoxicity of 3′-NH2-dCyd was independent of cell number. An unexpected finding was the extent to which the effectiveness of ara-C could be mitigated by the number of dCydD-containing cells. A completely cytotoxic concentration of ara-C was rendered nontoxic by a 10-fold increase in cell number. This observation was supported by an increase in I-β-d-arabinofuranosyluracil (ara-U) formation, a decrease in ara-C 5′-triphosphate (ara-CTP) accumulation, and a rise in cell viability with increasing cell number. These findings indicate that unlike ara-C, the effectiveness of 3′-NH2-dCyd is independent of the level of deaminase, which suggests its possible utility in situations in which high levels of deaminase are manifest.
New parafermion, SU(2) coset and N = 2 superconformal field theories

In this paper we construct new parafermion theories, generalizing the ZL parafermion theory from integer L to rational L. These non-unitary parafermion theories (which are also defined as SL(2, R)L/U(1)) have some novel features: an infinite number of currents with negative conformal dimensions for most (if not all) of them. We construct the string functions of these new parafermion theories. Generalizing Felder's BRST cohomology approach we construct from the string functions the branching functions of the SU(2)L × SU(2)KSU(2)K+L coset theories, where both K, L are rational. New N = 2 superconformal field theories and topological field theories are also constructed. Their characters are obtained in terms of the new string functions.
A Note on the Reproduction of Pulses

The present note aims to demonstrate the relative significance of rise time and percentage energy content in the reproduction of rectangular pulses. Formulas are derived and their dependence upon various factors discussed. It is also shown that the rise time for periodic rectangular pulses is in general not the same as that for a step signal or a single transient pulse; it depends upon the number of harmonic components, the pulse repetition period, and the pulse duration in a more complicated way.
Cytomegalovirus Capsid Protease: Biological Substrates Are Cleaved More Efficiently by Full-Length Enzyme (pUL80a) than by the Catalytic Domain (Assemblin)

We compared the full-length capsid maturational protease (pPR, pUL80a) of human cytomegalovirus with its proteolytic domain (assemblin) for the ability to cleave two biological substrates, and we found that pPR is more efficient with both. Affinity-purified, refolded enzymes and substrates were combined under defined reaction conditions, and cleavage was monitored and quantified following staining of the resulting electrophoretically separated fragments. The enzymes were stabilized against self-cleavage by a single point mutation in each cleavage site (ICRMT-pPR and IC-assemblin). The substrates were pPR itself, inactivated by replacing its catalytic nucleophile (S132A-pPR), and the sequence-related assembly protein precursor (pAP, pUL80.5). Our results showed that (i) ICRMT-pPR is 5- to 10-fold more efficient than assemblin for all cleavages measured (i.e., the M site of pAP and the M, R, and I sites of S132A-pPR). (ii) Cleavage of substrate S132A-pPR proceeded M>R>I for both enzymes. (iii) Na2SO4 reduced M- and R-site cleavage efficiency by ICRMT-pPR, in contrast to its enhancing effect for both enzymes on I site and small peptide cleavage. (iv) Disrupting oligomerization of either the pPR enzyme or substrate by mutating Leu382 in the amino-conserved domain reduced cleavage efficiency two- to fourfold. (v) Finally, ICRMT-pPR mutants that include the amino-conserved domain, but terminate with Pro481 or Tyr469, retain the enzymatic characteristics that distinguish pPR from assemblin. These findings show that the scaffolding portion of pPR increases its enzymatic activity on biologically relevant protein substrates and provide an additional link between the structure of this essential viral enzyme and its biological mechanism.
A sex pheromone for male boll weevils from females

Steam distillation of frass of the female boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis Boheman, yielded an extract that was more attractive to males than to females in the laboratory. Extracts purified by TLC were attractive to males only. The active components appear to be alcohols and hydrocarbons.
Cold-Acclimation in Seedling Douglas-Fir Related to Phenology and Provenance

In October 1969, 1—year seedlings from 10 provenances growing at Corvallis were severely damaged by frost. Provenances came from eastern and western slopes of the Coast Ranges in western Washingon and Oregon. In the earliest provenance, bud set preceded frost by 5 weeks; in the latest, by 2.75 weeks. For each additional week by which bud set preceded frost, the proportion of frost—damaged seedlings decreased by 25%. For provenances setting buds in identical weeks, southern sources were more sensitive, the porportion damaged increasing by 4% per degree of decreasing latitude. Since southern sources generally set buds later and were at the same time more sensitive, they were much more severely damaged. The southernmost coastal source (Coos Bay) suffered 78% damage, the northernmost coastal (Soleduck) 10%.
High-pass filters for spectral background suppression in airborne passive Fourier transform infrared spectrometry

Abstract High-pass (HP) digital filtering and second-derivative (SD) filtering are evaluated as methods of removing background contributions from spectra collected by passive Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. In measurements performed with a downward-looking spectrometer mounted on an aircraft platform, the effects of non-constant background radiance from the ground make it challenging to build automated classifiers for detecting an analyte of interest. Applying HP digital filtering to the spectra to remove background contributions is evaluated as a strategy to help improve classifier performance. This methodology is tested by building classifiers for detecting heated ethanol plumes released from a portable emission stack. The classifiers are trained with data collected on the ground with the spectrometer viewing the plumes against a synthetic backdrop designed to simulate a terrestrial radiance source. The resulting classifiers are tested with data collected by the same spectrometer mounted on an aircraft flying over the emission stack. Support vector machines are employed as a classification algorithm with HP filtered spectra used as input patterns. Butterworth filters are used to implement HP digital filtering, while Savitzky–Golay filters are used to implement SD filtering. Significant improvement in classification performance is achieved by use of the HP filters. Because of variation in backgrounds between the training and prediction data, the best classifier obtained with unfiltered spectra is unable to detect ethanol in 37% of the test cases. HP filtering of spectra with an optimized Butterworth filter (order 8, cutoff frequency 0.060) improves the prediction results, resulting in no missed ethanol detections and false positive rates of less than 0.4%.
Counseling Multiple-Heritage Couples

Multiple-heritage couples are one of the fastest growing client populations in the United States. These partnerships are defined by intersecting ethnic, racial, linguistic, and religious differences. They are challenged by societal perceptions, stereotypes, and other pressures associated with being in a multiple-heritage pairing. This article discusses strengths in the multiple-heritage union brought about by the understanding of diverse viewpoints. Finally, the article identifies specific strategies, such as couples relationship education, to resolve and confront inherent differences. Las parejas multiculturales son uno de los grupos demograficos de clientes de mayor crecimiento en los Estados Unidos. Este tipo de parejas se define por la interseccion de diferencias etnicas, raciales, linguisticas y religiosas. Sus miembros enfrentan desafios a causa de las percepciones sociales, los esterotipos y otras presiones asociadas con tener una pareja multicultural. Este articulo discute los puntos fuertes en una union multicultural, facilitados por la comprension de puntos de vista diversos. Finalmente, el articulo identifica estrategias especificas, como por ejemplo la educacion en relaciones de pareja, para resolver y afrontar las diferencias intrinsecas.
Effects of peptide fraction and counter ion on the development of clinical signs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

The most commonly used immunogen to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is MOG35-55, a 21-residue peptide derived from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). In most studies, mice exhibit a chronic disease; however, in some studies mice show a transient disease. One variable that is not often controlled for is the peptide fraction of the purified MOG material, which can vary from less than 50% to over 90%, with the remainder of mass primarily comprised of the counter ion used for peptide purification. We compared the development of clinical signs in female C57Bl6 mice immunized with two commercially available MOG35-55 peptides of similar purity but different peptide fraction (MOG-A being 45%; MOG-B being 72%). A single immunization with MOG-A induced a chronic disease course with some recovery at later stages, whereas immunization with MOG-B induced a similar course of disease but with significantly lower average clinical scores despite a higher peptide content. The addition of a booster immunization significantly increased clinical severity with both preparations, and significantly reduced the average day of onset using MOG-A. To determine if the counter ion could influence disease, we compared MOG-B-containing trifluoroacetate with MOG-B-containing acetate. Although disease incidence and severity were similar, the average day of disease onset occurred approximately 5 days earlier with the use of MOG-B-containing trifluoroacetate. These results demonstrate that differences in peptide fraction influence the course of encephalomyelitis disease, which may be due in part to the levels of counter ions present in the purified material. These findings underscore the fact that a knowledge of peptide fraction is as critical as knowledge of peptide purity when using peptides from different sources. The most commonly used immunogen to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is MOG35-55, a 21-residue peptide derived from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Subtle variations in MOG immunization protocols can influence the type of disease, the average day of onset, disease severity, and overall incidence. We hypothesized that variance in peptide fraction and counter ion may contribute to those differences. Surprisingly, immunization with a MOG preparation of high (72%) peptide fraction resulted in lower average EAE clinical scores and later disease onset than immunization with a preparation having only 45% peptide fraction. Replacement of trifluoroacetate (TFA), the counter ion used for MOG peptide purification, with acetate delayed disease onset. These results show that knowledge of peptide fraction and the counter ion present are as critical as peptide purity, particularly when using peptides from different sources. The image shows TFA molecules (not to scale) hypothetically binding to the positively charged residues of MOG.
NMR relaxation measurements of biofouling in model and geological porous media

Abstract Recently 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation techniques have been able to access changes in pore structures through surface and diffusion based relaxation measurements. This research investigates the applicability of these methods for measuring pore and surface changes due to biofilm growth in various model porous systems and natural geological media. Model bead packs of various construction containing 100 μm borosilicate and soda lime glass beads were used to demonstrate how changes in the measured relaxation rates can be used to non-invasively verify and quantify biofilm growth in porous media. However significant challenges are shown to arise when trying to implement the same techniques to verify biofilm growth in a natural geological media.
Hexokinase A from mammalian brain: comparative peptide mapping and immunological studies with monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract Immunological reactivity of partially purified hexokinase A (ATP: d -hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) from brain of several vertebrate species has been compared by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and seven monoclonal antibodies raised against the rat brain enzyme. The epitopes recognized by three of these antibodies have been rather widely conserved among the species examined (rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, cow, pig, chicken), while this was not the case for the epitopes recognized by the other antibodies, which differed markedly in their distribution among these species. The domain structure of these enzymes has been examined by peptide mapping (after limited tryptic digestion) in conjunction with immunoblotting techniques employing monoclonal antibodies. The results indicate that the overall domain structure of these enzymes is similar to that previously described for rat brain hexokinase A, but that there are significant differences in the size of these domains in enzymes from different species.
Genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in embryonic stem cells

5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a modified base present at low levels in diverse cell types in mammals. 5hmC is generated by the TET family of Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzymes through oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC). 5hmC and TET proteins have been implicated in stem cell biology and cancer, but information on the genome-wide distribution of 5hmC is limited. Here we describe two novel and specific approaches to profile the genomic localization of 5hmC. The first approach, termed GLIB (glucosylation, periodate oxidation, biotinylation) uses a combination of enzymatic and chemical steps to isolate DNA fragments containing as few as a single 5hmC. The second approach involves conversion of 5hmC to cytosine 5-methylenesulphonate (CMS) by treatment of genomic DNA with sodium bisulphite, followed by immunoprecipitation of CMS-containing DNA with a specific antiserum to CMS. High-throughput sequencing of 5hmC-containing DNA from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells showed strong enrichment within exons and near transcriptional start sites. 5hmC was especially enriched at the start sites of genes whose promoters bear dual histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) marks. Our results indicate that 5hmC has a probable role in transcriptional regulation, and suggest a model in which 5hmC contributes to the 'poised' chromatin signature found at developmentally-regulated genes in ES cells.
Transport interaction of cystine and dibasic amino acids in renal brush border vesicles

The uptake of cystine by vesicles prepared from rat kidney brush borders occurs by two distinct transport systems. The higher affinity system is inhibited by the dibasic amino acids lysine, arginine, and ornithine. The lower affinity system, unaffected by dibasic amino acids, appears to correspond to that observed by studying uptake of cystine by kidney slices.