cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flexible Snooping: Adaptive Forwarding and Filtering of Snoops in Embedded-Ring Multiprocessors

A simple and low-cost approach to supporting snoopy cache coherence is to logically embed a unidirectional ring in the network of a multiprocessor, and use it to transfer snoop messages. Other messages can use any link in the network. While this scheme works for any network topology, a naive implementation may result in long response times or in many snoop messages and snoop operations. To address this problem, this paper proposes Flexible Snooping algorithms, a family of adaptive forwarding and filtering snooping algorithms. In these algorithms, a node receiving a snoop request may either forward it to another node and then perform the snoop, or snoop and then forward it, or simply forward it without snooping. The resulting design space offers trade-offs in number of snoop operations and messages, response time, and energy consumption. Our analysis using SPLASH-2, SPECjbb, and SPECweb workloads finds several snooping algorithms that are more costeffective than current ones. Specifically, our choice for a highperformance snooping algorithm is faster than the currently fastest algorithm while consuming 9-17% less energy; our choice for an energy-efficient algorithm is only 3-6% slower than the previous one while consuming 36-42% less energy.
A Domain Decomposition Method for Electromagnetic Radiation and Scattering Analysis of Multi-Target Problems

A domain decomposition method is presented for analyzing electromagnetic problems involving multiple separable scatterers. The method first decomposes the original problem into several disjoint subregions. In each subregion, the domain decomposition method is further applied by decomposing the region into smaller, possibly repeated, subdomains. The domain decomposition method is general enough for arbitrary geometries, but is also capable of exploiting repetitions. This renders geometrically complicated and electrically large subregion problems tractable. The subregions communicate through the near-field Green's function. To overcome the vast computational costs required in exchanging information between electrically large subregions, the adaptive cross approximation algorithm is adopted to expedite the process. The method is applied to study radiation characteristics of a reflector antenna system and an antenna array in the presence of a frequency selective surface to demonstrate the utility of the present approach.
The molecular perspective: DNA.

DNA is our most familiar molecule. Barely a day goes by without some mention of it. Suddenly, with bioengineered vegetables and genetic fingerprinting, DNA is newsworthy. Mention DNA and a host of images comes to mind: the trial of O.J. Simpson; picketing consumers in the United Kingdom; ampoules of insulin and growth hormone; and more futuristic visions of world-spanning plagues or perfectly tailored children. The familiar DNA double helix runs through all of this, a pervasive icon of the new era of biotechnology. But take a moment to think of DNA as a target. At the center of every cancer cell are strands of DNA that match normal DNA except for a few transforming lesions. These changes might provide a handle allowing us to attack cancer at its root. If we can recognize these mutated DNA sequences and target them selectively, we might spare normal cells throughout the rest of the body. To specifically target a single site, we need to recognize a segment about 16 base pairs long. Shorter sequences are typically found in several places in the 6 billion nucleotides of the human genome, and a shorter targeting agent will bind indiscriminately to these sites as well as the preferred, mutated site. The DNA double helix is designed to be read. It simply bristles with information. Sheltered safely inside is the
Assessing health status differences between Veterans Affairs home-based primary care and state Medicaid Waiver Program clients.

Objectives Comprehensive health care for older adults is complex, involving multiple comorbidities and functional impairments of varying degrees and numbers. In response to this complexity and associated barriers to care, home-based care models have become prevalent. The home-based primary care (HBPC) model, based at a Michigan Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Michigan Waiver Program (MWP) that includes home-based care are 2 of these. Although both models are formatted to address barriers to effective and efficient health care, there are differences in disease prevalence and functional performance between groups. The objective of this study was to explore the differences between the 2 groups, to shed some light on potential trends that could suggest areas for resource allocation by service providers.
Combining local descriptors for 3D object recognition and categorization

Various local descriptors have been used successfully in a variety of tasks including object recognition. Although different descriptors have been shown to have different strengths, they haven?t been used in combination. In this paper we show that by combining local image descriptors at the feature level, we can significantly improve object recognition performance. Our system uses keyed context patches and SIFT, two descriptors that have been shown to have a somewhat uncorrelated performance [9]. By requiring hypotheses generated by both types of descriptors to satisfy the same consistency constraints, we were able to significantly reduce the error rate on recognition and categorization tasks.
Gastrointestinal Dissemination and Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus following Bacteremia

Mutations that alter virulence and antibiotic susceptibility arise and persist during Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. However, an experimental system demonstrating transmission following bacteremia has been lacking, and thus implications of within-host adaptation for between-host transmission are unknown. We report that S. aureus disseminates to the gastrointestinal tract of mice following intravenous injection and readily transmits to cohoused naive mice. Both intestinal dissemination and transmission were linked to the production of virulence factors based on gene deletion studies of the sae and agr two-component systems. Furthermore, antimicrobial selection for antibiotic-resistant S. aureus displaced susceptible S. aureus from the intestine of infected hosts, which led to the preferential transmission and dominance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among cohoused untreated mice. These findings establish an animal model to investigate gastrointestinal dissemination and transmission of S. aureus and suggest that adaptation during the course of systemic infection has implications beyond the level of a single host.
Deep brain stimulation: a return journey from psychiatry to neurology.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an effective neurosurgical tool to treat a range of conditions. Its use in movement disorders such as Parkinson9s disease, tremor and dystonia is now well established and has been approved by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE). The NICE does, however, emphasise the need for a multidisciplinary team to manage these patients. Such a team is traditionally composed of neurologists, neurosurgeons and neuropsychologists. Neuropsychiatrists, however, are increasingly recognised as essential members given many psychiatric considerations that may arise in patients undergoing DBS. Patient selection, assessment of competence to consent and treatment of postoperative psychiatric disease are just a few areas where neuropsychiatric input is invaluable. Partly driven by this close team working and partly based on the early history of DBS for psychiatric disorders, there is increasing interest in re-exploring the potential of neurosurgery to treat patients with psychiatric disease, such as depression and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Although the clinical experience and evidence with DBS in this group of patients are steadily increasing, many questions remain unanswered. Yet, the characteristics of optimal surgical candidates, the best choice of DBS target, the most effective stimulating parameters and the extent of postoperative improvement are not clear for most psychiatric conditions. Further research is therefore required to define how DBS can be best utilised to improve the quality of life of patients with psychiatric disease.
Some Factors Affecting the Biological Availability of Amino Acids in Fish Protein

Abstract INTRODUCTION IN recent years considerable effort has been made to develop a satisfactory method of determining the biological availability of amino acids in proteins. Growth response is the most common method of evaluating the availability of amino acids. However this technique has had two major disadvantages: the ability to evaluate only one amino acid at a time and, the tendency to overestimate availability and thus often give questionable results of greater than 100% availability. Smith and Scott (1965), Buraczewski et al. (1967), and Porter and Williams 1963) have attempted to measure availability by plasma amino acid response. However, interpretation of such results into practical availability figures is difficult. De Muelenaere et al. (1967), Waring (1969), and Bragg (1969) and workers at this laboratory (Payne et al., 1968; Soares and Kifer, 1970) have studied the digestibility of amino acids by measuring the amino acids in the intestine and/or in feces. Most…
High-Integrity GPS/INS Integrated Navigation with Error Detection and Application to LAAS

A dynamic state realization for tightly coupling Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements with an Inertial Navigation System (INS) is described. The realization, based on the direct fusion of GPS and INS systems through Kalman filter state dynamics, explicitly accounts for temporal and spatial decorrelation of GPS measurement errors (such as tropospheric, ionospheric, and multipath errors) through state augmentation, thereby ensuring Kalman filter integrity under fault-free error conditions. Predicted system performance for a Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) aircraft precision approach application is evaluated using covariance analysis and validated with flight data.Built-in fault detection mechanisms based on the Kalman filter innovations are also evaluated to help provide integrity under certain fault conditions. It is shown that an algorithm based on the integral of Kalman filter innovations outperforms other existing GPS fault detection methods in the detection of slowly developing ranging errors, such as those caused by ionospheric and tropospheric anomalies.
Progressive ranking and composition of Web services using covering arrays

Major computer companies and government agencies are adopting Web services (WS) technology. Web services must ensure interoperability and security, and be reliable and trustworthy. Consumers must make runtime decisions based on an intelligent and unbiased evaluation. We propose one component of a test suite generator to address this critical issue. The goal is to transform the labor-intensive software development process into a largely automated Web services development process. The method operates within a service-oriented architecture, with the models and tools implemented as services that can be added, removed and replaced at runtime. We propose a generic greedy algorithm based on covering arrays for application in this environment.
Bridging the black hole of trauma: the evolutionary significance of the arts

One word for the Devil is ‘Diabolos’, the divider, the splitter-into-fragments. Healing like-wise has always been associated with integration, integrity and becoming whole. From ncient times to the present, artistic performance in all its variety has been connected to healing of self and community and yet a recurrent question arises, ‘What are the arts for?’. A less than concrete answer to this question appears to justify reducing or eliminating funding to arts-related programs whenever ﬁ nancial crisis occurs. This paper explores the evolutionary signiﬁ cance of trauma, dissociation, and the human brain and raises the pos-sibility that the evolutionary selection of artistic performance is as a primary integrating mechanism for traumatized individuals and groups, without which human beings may not be able to fully heal. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Quality Improvement–Research Divide and the Need for External Oversight

Historically, quality assurance studies have received scant ethical attention. The advent of information systems capable of supporting research-grade continuous quality improvement projects demands that we clearly define how these projects differ from research and when they require external review. The ethical obligation for the performance of quality assurance projects, with its emphasis on identifiable immediate action for a served population, is a critical distinction. The obligation to perform continuous quality improvement is a deliverable of the social contract entered into implicitly by patients and health care providers and systems. In this article, the authors review the ethical framework that requires these studies, evaluate the differences between quality assurance studies and classic research, and propose criteria for requiring external review.
Low-angle, range-flank faults in the Panamint, Inyo, and Slate ranges, California: Implications for recent tectonics of the Death Valley region

Four of the mountain ranges near Death Valley, California, display exhumed, low-angle normal faults on their flanks, features originally referred to as turtleback structures. These fault surfaces are smooth, planar to curviplanar, and defined by faceted spurs and coincident interfluve crests. The lowest parts of these faults are overlain in tectonic contact by poorly indurated fanglomerate, and locally by Quaternary volcanic rocks. Steep fault scarps in alluvium are present at the foot of each turtleback-type flank. Although these may be examples of active low-angle normal faults, it is difficult to establish the dip histories of these faults. The problem with constraining the dip histories is one of missing and concealed information, because the exposed hanging-wall rocks are some of the youngest material cut and displaced by the (currently) shallow-dipping faults. Another important relationship along these range flanks is the intersection between the low-angle faults and steep, scarp-forming faults that cut alluvium at the range fronts. Although this relationship remains unconstrained in most of the ranges, a shallow-dipping fault is cut by one of the steep faults in Panamint Valley, suggesting that, in one area at least, the low-angle faults are not active. The low-angle faults, and not the steep neotectonic faults, are probably responsible for most of the opening of the present valleys, because each low-angle fault intersects the valley floor at the range front. None of the low-angle faults are perched high in the ranges, as would be the case if the steep faults had uplifted them significantly. Therefore, even if there has been a geologically recent transition from low-angle normal faulting to steep normal (with or without strike slip) faulting, the modern topography still reflects the former regime. Strictly speaking, the Death Valley region may not be an example of active low-angle normal faults and supradetachment basins.
Pioglitazone initiation and subsequent hospitalization for congestive heart failure.

Aims Thiazolidinediones (TZD) have been associated with an expansion in plasma volume and the development of peripheral oedema. A recent study reported an association between the use of TZDs and development of congestive heart failure (CHF). The objective of this study was to determine if short-term use of pioglitazone, a TZD, is associated with increased risk of admission to hospital because of CHF in a well-characterized, community-based cohort of Type 2 diabetic patients without prevalent CHF. Methods A cohort study of all patients in the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program with Type 2 diabetes (Kaiser Permanente Northern California Diabetes Registry) who initiated any diabetes pharmacotherapy (n = 23 440) between October 1999 and November 2001. Only patients initiating single new therapies (‘new users’) were included to reduce confounding and create mutually exclusive exposure groups. We constructed Cox proportional hazards models (with sulphonylureas initiators specified as the reference group) to evaluate the impact of initiating new diabetes therapies on time-to-incident admission to hospital because of CHF, defined by primary hospital discharge diagnosis. Results Patients initiated pioglitazone (15.2%), sulphonylureas (25.3%), metformin (50.9%), and insulin (8.6%) alone, or as additions to pre-existing or maintained therapies. Three hundred and twenty admissions for CHF were observed during the follow-up (mean 10.2 months) after drug initiation. Relative to patients initiating sulphonylureas, there were no significant increases in the incidence of hospitalization for CHF in those initiating pioglitazone [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85–1.92] after adjusting for demographic, behavioural and clinical factors. There was a significantly higher incidence among those initiating insulin (HR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.00–2.45) and lower incidence among those initiating metformin (HR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.49–0.99). Conclusions This study of patients with Type 2 diabetes failed to find evidence that short-term pioglitazone use was associated with an elevated risk of hospitalization for CHF relative to the standard, first-line diabetes therapy.
The Cutaneous Side Effects of Selective BRAF Inhibitors and Anti-CTLA4 Agents: the Growing Role of the Dermatologist in the Management of Patients with Metastatic Melanoma

Two new drugs—vemurafenib, a selective BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi), and ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody—were approved by the FDA in 2011 and have demonstrated a survival benefit in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Cutaneous side effects are common with both medication classes, occurring in up to 92 % of patients treated with BRAFis, and up to 69 % of patients treated with anti-CTLA4 therapy. Cutaneous eruptions associated with BRAFis include benign and malignant squamous and melanocytic proliferations, photosensitivity, morbilliform eruptions, diffuse keratosis pilaris, Grover’s disease, seborrheic dermatitis, panniculitis, hand-foot skin reaction, epidermal cysts, and hair changes. Dermatologic findings associated with anti-CTLA4 agents include morbilliform eruptions, hair depigmentation, vitiligo, and alopecia areata. Given the array of skin eruptions occurring in melanoma patients receiving these agents, the role of the dermatologist in monitoring and treating these patients is paramount.
Dissecting trust and the assurance-violation dynamic

The nature of trust a party extends is first subdivided into the areas of level of trust, scopes of applicability, and definiteness. Complications that arise when considering assurance and violations of trust are covered. A framework is provided for the dynamics of trust assurance opposed by potential or actual violations. The assurance side is based on dependability concepts while the violation side has its origins in military processes and concepts. Connecting these two sides are decision processes that reflect the dynamic interaction of the trusting and trusted/distrusted parties. The paper includes an example application of the framework within the computer security domain.
Targeting RAS-mutant Cancers: Is ERK the Key?

The three RAS genes comprise the most frequently mutated oncogene family in cancer. With significant and compelling evidence that continued function of mutant RAS is required for tumor maintenance, it is widely accepted that effective anti-RAS therapy will have a significant impact on cancer growth and patient survival. However, despite more than three decades of intense research and pharmaceutical industry efforts, a clinically effective anti-RAS drug has yet to be developed. With the recent renewed interest in targeting RAS, exciting and promising progress has been made. In this review, we discuss the prospects and challenges of drugging oncogenic RAS. In particular, we focus on new inhibitors of RAS effector signaling and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) cascade.
Suppressors reveal two classes of glucose repression genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We selected and analyzed extragenic suppressors of mutations in four genes--GRR1, REG1, GAL82 and GAL83-required for glucose repression of the GAL genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The suppressors restore normal or nearly normal glucose repression of GAL1 expression in these glucose repression mutants. Tests of the ability of each suppressor to cross-suppress mutations in the other glucose repression genes revealed two groups of mutually cross-suppressed genes: (1) REG1, GAL82 and GAL83 and (2) GRR1. Mutations of a single gene, SRG1, were found as suppressors of reg1, GAL83-2000 and GAL82-1, suggesting that these three gene products act at a similar point in the glucose repression pathway. Mutations in SRG1 do not cross-suppress grr1 or hxk2 mutations. Conversely, suppressors of grr1 (rgt1) do not cross-suppress any other glucose repression mutation tested. These results, together with what was previously known about these genes, lead us to propose a model for glucose repression in which Grr1p acts early in the glucose repression pathway, perhaps affecting the generation of the signal for glucose repression. We suggest that Reg1p, Gal82p and Gal83p act after the step(s) executed by Grr1p, possibly transmitting the signal for repression to the Snf1p protein kinase.
Association Between MC-2 Peptide and Hepatic Perfusion and Liver Injury Following Resuscitated Hemorrhagic Shock

Importance Hemorrhagic shock (HS) due to trauma remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, despite continuing progression of advanced life support and treatment. Trauma is the third most common cause of death worldwide and is the leading cause of death in the 1- to 44-year-old age group. Hemorrhagic shock often progresses to multiple organ failure despite conventional resuscitation (CR) that restores central hemodynamics. Objective To examine whether MC-2 would bind glycosaminoglycans to decrease proinflammatory cytokines’ influence in the liver, minimize organ edema, prevent liver injury, and improve hepatic perfusion. MC-2, a synthetic octapeptide derived from the heparin-binding domain of murine interferon gamma (IFN-γ), binds glycosaminoglycans to modulate serum and interstitial cytokine levels and activity. Design, Setting, and Participants A controlled laboratory study of 3y male Sprague-Dawley rats that were randomized to 4 groups of 8 each: sham, sham+MC-2 (50 mg/kg), HS/CR, or HS/CR+MC-2 (HS = 40% of baseline mean arterial pressure for 60 minutes; CR = return of shed blood and 2 volumes of saline). The study began in March, 2013. Main Outcomes and Measures Effective hepatic blood flow (EHBF) by galactose clearance, wet-dry weights, cytokines, histopathology, complete metabolic panel, and complete blood cell count were performed at 4 hours after CR. Results MC-2 partially reversed the HS/CR–induced hepatic hypoperfusion at 3 and 4 hours postresuscitation compared with HS/CR alone. Effective hepatic blood flow decreased during the HS period from __mL/min/100g and _mL/min/100g at baseline to __mL/min/100g and __mL/min/100g for the HS/CR and HS/CR+MC-2 groups, respectively (P Conclusions and Relevance MC-2 was associated with decreased liver injury, enhanced effective hepatic blood flow, decreased cytokines, and prevention of edema formation in the ileum when administered with CR following HS. These data suggest that the MC-2 peptide could be a potential therapeutic approach to target cytokine and chemokine interactions, which might limit multiple organ failure and decrease mortality in hemorrhagic shock.
Microparticle-Induced Activation of the Vascular Endothelium Requires Caveolin-1/Caveolae

Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane fragments shed from normal as well as activated, apoptotic or injured cells. Emerging evidence implicates MPs as a causal and/or contributing factor in altering normal vascular cell phenotype through initiation of proinflammatory signal transduction events and paracrine delivery of proteins, mRNA and miRNA. However, little is known regarding the mechanism by which MPs influence these events. Caveolae are important membrane microdomains that function as centers of signal transduction and endocytosis. Here, we tested the concept that the MP-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype shift in endothelial cells (ECs) depends on caveolae. Consistent with previous reports, MP challenge activated ECs as evidenced by upregulation of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. ICAM-1 upregulation was mediated by activation of NF-κB, Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This response was absent in ECs lacking caveolin-1/caveolae. To test whether caveolae-mediated endocytosis, a dynamin-2 dependent process, is a feature of the proinflammatory response, EC's were pretreated with the dynamin-2 inhibitor dynasore. Similar to observations in cells lacking caveolin-1, inhibition of endocytosis significantly attenuated MPs effects including, EGFR phosphorylation, activation of NF-κB and upregulation of ICAM-1 expression. Thus, our results indicate that caveolae play a role in mediating the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways which lead to EC activation in response to MPs.
Response of mammalian cardiac muscle to certain sympathomimetics in presence of morphine.

SummaryThe action of morphine upon isolated mammalian cardiac preparations was reevaluated in order to test the hypothesis that morphine has the ability to antagonize the action of catecholamines on the heart. Over a wide range of concentrations (0.3-100 μg/ml) morphine slightly depressed contractile force, heart rate and coronary flow. Following exposure of the whole isolated heart preparation to morphine (100 μg/ml) for one hour, ventricular catecholamine levels were similar to their untreated controls. Furthermore, no consistent alterations in physiological response to epinephrine, isoproterenol or tyramine could be correlated with the presence or absence of morphine regardless of its concentration in the perfusate. These data fail to confirm the suggestion that morphine acts as a sympatholytic on the heart.
Inhibition of proximal tubule Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity requires simultaneous activation of DA1 and DA2 receptors

This study examines the receptor mechanisms by which dopamine (DA) inhibits Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity in single permeabilized proximal tubule (PCT). Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was inhibited in the presence of both DA1- and DA2-specific agonists but not by either agonist alone. The inhibition induced by DA (10(-6) M) was attenuated in the presence of either of the two DA2-specific antagonists S-sulpiride and YM 09151 at 10(-5) M and in the presence of the DA1 antagonist SCH 23390 (10(-5) M). PCT adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels were significantly increased in the presence of DA and DA1 agonist, but DA2 agonist had no effect on cell cAMP levels. Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was significantly inhibited in PCT incubated with DA2 agonist (10(-5) M) and dibutyryl (DB)-cAMP (10(-6) M) but not with DA2 agonist (10(-5) M) only. PCT Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was also significantly inhibited in the presence of both DA2 agonist (10(-5) M) and forskolin (10(-6) M). Neither DBcAMP (10(-6) M) nor forskolin (10(-6) M) alone inhibited Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity. In tubules incubated with DA (10(-8) to 10(-9) M), the presence of DBcAMP (10(-6) M) enhanced the sensitivity by which DA inhibited Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity. We conclude that PCT Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity is inhibited by a synergistic action of the DA1 and DA2 receptors, with the DA1 receptor acting to increase cell cAMP levels.
Birthing modernity: spatial discourses of cesarean birth in São Paulo, Brazil

AbstractIn this article, we explore the ways that spatial discourses inform women’s birth experiences, focusing in particular on urban Brazilian women’s experience of caesarean section. In particular, we draw on interviews conducted in Sao Paulo with 22 women and five doctors in order to analyse the ways the discourses of modernity, development and nationalism are drawn on and themselves constituted in the way that women narrate their birth experiences. We also explore the meanings that are given to these terms in women’s narrations in order to address the cultural specificity of the way that these discourses play out in the Brazilian context. We argue that spatial referents concretize discourses of modernity, and are employed in mothers’ and doctors’ birth narratives in order to give meaning to birth experiences. In particular, we find that these discourses provide a means of interpreting birth experiences in a positive way and providing spatialized subject positions which confer status and value to both...
Propionyl-L-carnitine-mediated improvement in contractile function of rat hearts oxidizing acetoacetate.

Prior evidence has suggested that propionyl-L-carnitine improves function in ischemic hearts by providing carnitine for dissipation of acyl-CoA derivatives and propionate for enrichment of the citr...
Results Analysis of Occupational Hazards Detection in Industrial Enterprises of Santai County in 2010

[Objective]To monitor and assess occupational hazards in industrial enterprises of Santai County,and provide a scientific evidence for controlling the intensity of occupational hazards and preventing occupational poisonings and occupational diseases. [Methods]The sampling,testing and assessment were based on the current occupational health testing methods and standards. [Results]The qualified rate of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level ,Benzene,Diethyl benzene,Methyl benzene,Hydrogen sulfide,Nitrogen dioxide,Ammonia,Industrial dust,Sulfur dioxide 8h PC-WTA were 100.00%,100.00%,100.00%,100.00%,100.00%,100.00%,100.00%,71.69%,2.17%,respectively. [Conclusion]The main occupational hazards in workplace are sulfur dioxide and industrial dust.The qualified rates are low.Health supervision departments should strengthen supervision and law enforcement efforts.
Insomnia and related sleep disorders.

Insomnia may result from a variety of causes, including pathophysiology of the cardiorespiratory system, medical or psychiatric disorders, medications, substance abuse, and circadian rhythm disturbances. When these many causes are excluded, there remains an interesting group of patients whose disorder is characterized either by learned sleep-preventing associations or by a dissociation between physiologic measures and the subjective experience of sleep. One approach to understanding the latter group is to examine the patient’s perception of the experience of being awake or asleep as well as the effects of hypnotic medication on this process.
An ESR Investigation of the Structure and Formation of Sulfinyl Radicals: Reaction of Peroxyl Radicals with Thiols.

Matrix peroxyl radicals generated by irradiation of organic matrices in the presence of O2 react with added simple thiols (R-SH; R: -Me, -Bu, -tBu) and the radio-protective thiols cysteamine and dithiothreitol to form sulfinyl radicals R-SO..
Effect of cholecystokinin and caerulein on gastrin- and histamine-evoked gastric secretion.

Secretion was collected from the Heidenhain pouches of 8 dogs, 4 having gastric fistulas as well. Cholecystokinin (CCK) given as an intravenous infusion of 4 units per kg-hr (gastric fistula open) or a rapid intravenous injection of 4 units per kg (no gastric fistula) markedly inhibited gastrin (0.8 g per kg-hr) stimulated secretion. The effect of a rapid intravenous injection of 4 units per kg of CCK on gastric secretion evoked by a histamine stimulus (no gastric fistula) depended on the dose of histamine. With low doses of histamine dihydrochloride (0.01 to 0.02 mg per kg-hr) some dogs showed inhibition, and others, slight stimulation or little change. CCK doubled the acid response to 0.04 mg per kg-hr of histamine diHCl and slightly increased that to 0.08 mg per kg-hr. The enhanced responses with CCK never significantly exceeded those obtained with maximal doses of histamine. Since CCK is not a pure substance the experiments were repeated with caerulein, a compound similar to CCK in both structure and action, and the effects were similar in both kind and magnitude. We conclude that CCK inhibits gastrin-stimulated secretion and increases secretion produced by intermediate doses of histamine.
Direct mechanical stimulation of tip links in hair cells through DNA tethers

In animals with backbones, the inner ear is responsible for both hearing and balance. Sound waves and head movements apply a mechanical force to hair cells inside the inner ear. This causes the cells to produce electrical signals that ultimately communicate information about the sound or movement to the brain. The apparatus that converts mechanical forces into electrical signals is called the hair bundle, which is an upright cluster of small rods called stereocilia that protrude from the hair cell's flattened top surface. Fine filaments called tip links connect the stereocilia within a hair bundle to one another. It is thought that the mechanical deflection of a hair bundle tenses the tip links and opens ion channels – molecular pores through which ions can pass – that are attached to the tip links. The resultant flow of ions across the hair cell's membrane would then cause a voltage change that in turn triggers the cell’s electrical response. It has not been possible to test this hypothesis, however, because the position of the tip links within a hair bundle prevents them from being stimulated directly in experiments. Basu et al. have now used specific antibody molecules to attach tip links to magnetic beads using a strand of DNA. The DNA acted as a string that penetrated into the hair bundles, connecting the tip links to magnetic beads outside the bundles. This meant that moving the bead by applying a magnetic force to it pulled upon the tip links, and the investigators observed that this activated the associated ion channels. The resultant electrical signals confirmed that tip links play a role in the responses of hair cells. Although there are methods that allow the electrical activity from a single ion channel to be recorded, the new approach provides an opportunity for studying the mechanical activity of a channel as well. Future studies could therefore investigate the mechanical and electrical signals associated with individual tip links and the ion channels to which they attach in order to investigate the specific role they play in hearing.
Envy and Its Transmutations.

These words show an important quality of envy. The envying person notices another's advantage or superiority and feels inferior. Caesar was an exceptional man who had achieved military and political greatness, and Cassius felt undersized and trivial next to his grand presence. Envy begins with an unflattering social comparison resulting in a quick, painful perception of inferiority (e.g., Foster, 1972; Parrott, 1991; Salovey & Rodin, 1984; Silver & Sabini, 1978; Smith, 1991; Smith et al., 1999). It is worth dwelling on why an unflattering social comparison might catch our attention and then create a painful emotion such as envy. From an evolutionary point of view, it is highly adaptive for people to have an inclination to scan their environment for threats of all kinds. In terms of potential threats from others, this also means that people should have the capacity and the inclination to assess their rank (e.g., Beach & Tesser, 2000; Buunk & Ybema, 1997; Frank, 1999; Gilbert, 1999; Smith, 2000). This would be especially true in situations where group members must compete for limited resources tied to sustenance and mating, as may have been typical when current human tendencies evolved (e.g., Gilbert, 1999). Low ranking signals that one should act submissively; high ranking enables dominance. There are potentially severe consequences for misjudging rank. Individuals who believe they can dominate a group, when in fact they cannot, will find
Remnant American Chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.; Fagaceae) in Upland Forests of Northwestern New York

The American chestnut (Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh.; Fagaceae) was an historically important hardwood species in eastern deciduous forests of the United States and Canada prior to being nearly eradicated by chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr). Several remnant populations have been identified persisting across fragmented parts of the historical range. The identification and characterization of remnant C. dentata populations is important for breeding and conservation efforts, as they may represent potential genetic sources of local adaptation or blight resistance, but much of the historical range remains unsurveyed. Here, I report the locations, blight infection status, and reproductive status of remnant American chestnut in upland forested areas of western New York, finding several reproductive/potentially reproductive trees.
Quantifying Phishing Susceptibility for Detection and Behavior Decisions

Objective:We use signal detection theory to measure vulnerability to phishing attacks, including variation in performance across task conditions.Background:Phishing attacks are difficult to prevent...
Common Evolutionary Origin of Procapsid Proteases, Phage Tail Tubes, and Tubes of Bacterial Type VI Secretion Systems.

Many large viruses, including tailed dsDNA bacteriophages and herpesviruses, assemble their capsids via formation of precursors, called procapsids or proheads. The prohead has an internal core, made of scaffolding proteins, and an outer shell, formed by the major capsid protein. The prohead usually contains a protease, which is activated during capsid maturation to destroy the inner core and liberate space for the genome. Here, we report a 2.0 A resolution structure of the pentameric procapsid protease of bacteriophage T4, gene product (gp)21. The structure corresponds to the enzyme's pre-active state in which its N-terminal region blocks the catalytic center, demonstrating that the activation mechanism involves self-cleavage of nine N-terminal residues. We describe similarities and differences between T4 gp21 and related herpesvirus proteases. We found that gp21 and the herpesvirus proteases have similarity with proteins forming the tubes of phage tails and bacterial type VI secretion systems, suggesting their common evolutionary origin.
New Advancements in Exposure-Response Analysis to Inform Regulatory Decision Making

To date, Exposure-Response (E-R) analyses have been recognized and routinely utilized in regulatory reviews, mainly to address key questions such as whether the proposed dosing regimen for a new drug is optimal or is warranted for further adjustment in specific populations in the context of the overall risk/benefit profile. This chapter will start from a summary of E-R methods commonly used in current applications followed with new methodology development and applications of E-R analyses on other aspects of reviews. Reporting on new methodology development is focused on case–control analyses when drug exposure is confounded with baseline disease status for several antibody oncology drugs. Reporting on applications of E-R analysis in new areas of review falls into using E-R analysis to derive the effect size for the noninferiority trial and subgroup analyses to identify favorable risk/benefit profile in specific population(s). The chapter also mentioned the potential role of E-R analysis in precision medicine by leveraging individual drug exposure to achieve balanced risk/benefit at the individual level.
Geodemographic Disparities in Availability of Comprehensive Intimate Partner Violence Screening Services in Miami-Dade County, Florida:

This study examined geodemographic factors associated with availability of comprehensive intimate partner violence (IPV) screening services in Miami-Dade County, Florida. We geocoded 2014 survey data from 278 health facilities and created a population-normalized density surface of IPV screening comprehensiveness. We used correlation analysis and spatial regression techniques to evaluate census tract-level predictors of the mean normalized comprehensiveness score (NCS) for 505 census tracts in Miami-Dade. The population-adjusted density surface of IPV screening comprehensiveness revealed geographic disparities in the availability of screening services. Using a spatial lag regression model, we observed that race and ethnicity are associated with mean NCS by census tract after controlling for age, median gross rent, and receipt of Social Security benefits. The percentage of White non-Hispanic residents was positively associated with NCS, Black non-Hispanic was negatively associated with NCS, while Hispanic—t...
Longitudinal Trajectories of Informant-Reported Daily Functioning in Empirically Defined Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Objectives Within the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)'s mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cohort, we previously identified MCI subtypes as well as participants initially diagnosed with MCI but found to have normal neuropsychological, biomarker, and neuroimaging profiles. We investigated the functional change over time in these empirically derived MCI subgroups. Methods ADNI MCI participants (n=654) were classified using cluster analysis as Amnestic MCI (single-domain memory impairment), Dysnomic MCI (memory+language impairments), Dysexecutive/Mixed MCI (memory+language+attention/executive impairments), or Cluster-Derived Normal (CDN). Robust normal control participants (NCs; n=284) were also examined. The Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) was administered at baseline through 48-month follow-up. Multilevel modeling examined FAQ trajectories by cognitive subgroup. Results The Dysexecutive/Mixed group demonstrated the fastest rate of decline across all groups. Amnestic and Dysnomic groups showed steeper rates of decline than CDNs. While CDNs had more functional difficulty than NCs across visits, both groups' mean FAQ scores remained below its suggested cutoff at all visits. Conclusions Results (a) show the importance of executive dysfunction in the context of other impaired cognitive domains when predicting functional decline in at-risk elders, and (b) support our previous work demonstrating that ADNI's MCI criteria may have resulted in false-positive MCI diagnoses, given the CDN's better FAQ trajectory than those of the cognitively impaired MCI groups. (JINS, 2017, 23, 521-527).
ironPhone: Mobile device-coupled point-of-care diagnostics for assessment of iron status by quantification of serum ferritin

Abstract Iron deficiency (ID) is an urgent public health problem that has devastating effects on maternal and child health. However, due to poor access and affordability, screening and diagnosis for ID is often limited to proxy hemoglobin measurements alone. Here, we report the development and validation of ironPhone, a mobile-device coupled portable diagnostics for quantification of serum ferritin concentrations, an iron status biomarker, within a few minutes, from a drop of fingerprick blood. The ironPhone diagnostic platform comprises of a smartphone accessory, an app, and a disposable lateral flow immunoassay test strip to quantify serum ferritin. For initial validation in the lab, we optimized and evaluated the performance of ironPhone with known ferritin concentrations in spiked buffer and serum samples. Following lab validation, we performed a human validation by collecting fingerprick whole blood samples from 20 participants to assess iron status using ironPhone and compared the results with the laboratory standard IMMULITE 2000 analyzer. Findings from the ironPhone for the buffer and spiked serum samples provided a calibration curve with R2 values of 0.97 (n=27) and 0.93 (n=12), respectively. On comparison with the laboratory standard IMMULITE analyzer in whole blood samples, a correlation of 0.92 (P
Commentary on Locascio

Publication bias, lack of replicability, and issues with null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) are all pressing issues for the field of psychology (particularly social psychology), as noted b...
Neonatal systemic inflammation and the risk of low scores on measures of reading and mathematics achievement at age 10 years among children born extremely preterm.

Abstract Background Difficulties with reading and math occur more commonly among children born extremely preterm than among children born at term. Reasons for this are unclear. Methods We measured the concentrations of 27 inflammatory-related and neurotrophic/angiogenic proteins (angio-neurotrophic proteins) in multiple blood specimens collected a week apart during the first postnatal month from 660 children born before the 28th week of gestation who at age 10 years had an IQ ≥ 70 and a Wechsler Individual Achievement Test 3rd edition (WIAT-III) assessment. We identified four groups of children, those who had a Z-score ≤ −1 on the Word Reading assessment only, on the Numerical Operations assessment only, on both of these assessments, and on neither, which served as the referent group. We then modeled the risk of each learning limitation associated with a top quartile concentration of each protein, and with high and lower concentrations of multiple proteins. Results The protein profile of low reading scores was confined to the third and fourth postnatal weeks when increased risks were associated with high concentrations of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in the presence of low concentrations of angio-neurotrophic proteins. The profile of low math scores was very similar, except it did not include ICAM-1. In contrast, the profile of low scores on both assessments was present in each of the first four postnatal weeks. The increased risks associated with high concentrations of TNF-α in the first two weeks and of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in the next two weeks were modulated down by high concentrations of angio-neurotrophic proteins. Conclusions High concentrations of angio-neurotrophic proteins appear to reduce/moderate the risk of each learning limitation associated with systemic inflammation. The three categories of limitations have protein profiles with some similarities, and yet some differences, too.
IPV survivors' perceptions of how a flexible funding housing intervention impacted their children

An estimated 15.5 million American children are exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) every year. Such exposure negatively impacts children’s health, development and academic performance and may also be accompanied by housing instability or homelessness. Children growing up with periods of homelessness or housing instability are at risk for many of the same detrimental outcomes as children exposed to IPV. To date there are few studies examining the interrelationships among IPV, housing instability and the impact of housing interventions on children’s well-being. The current qualitative, longitudinal study examined mothers’ perceptions of how receipt of flexible funding designed to increase their housing stability may have also impacted their children’s safety, stress, mood and behavior. Forty-two mothers in the Washington, D.C. metro area were interviewed three times over a six-month period about their own safety and housing stability, as well as their children’s. Ninety-five percent of the mothers and their children were housed at the six-month interview. Mothers described improvements in children’s stability and safety, decreases in children’s stress levels, and improvements to their mood and behavior. They also discussed the symbiotic relationship between their own stress and well-being, and their children’s. The provision of flexible funding to assist domestic violence survivors with their housing also collaterally impacted their children’s safety, stress, mood and behavior.