cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic issues, criteria, and comorbidity of dissociative disorders

While the interest in and concern with the dissociative disorders have grown exponentially in the last decade, with annual conventions, a journal exclusively devoted to dissociation, monographs, and so forth, this state of affairs represents more a rediscovery of concepts and phenomena than a brand new area of inquiry (cf. Spiegel & Cardena,1991; van der Kolk & van der Hart, 1989). Hysteria, a concept closely connected with the dissociative disorders, can be traced back at least to Pharaonic Egypt (cf. Kihlstrom, 1994). Closer to our times, just about every one of the forebears of modern psychopathology studied disorders involving a “disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p. 477). For example, Breuer and Freud, Pierre Janet, William James, and Morton Prince, among a longer list of distinguished psychologists at the turn of the century, all described fascinating cases of pronounced shifts in identity, memory, somatic reactivity, and consciousness.
An Analgesic Comparison Study of Indoprofen Versus Aspirin and Placebo in Surgical Pain

Single oral doses of 100 and 200 mg indoprofen were compared with 600 mg aspirin and placebo in a double-blind, completely randomized study of hospitalized patients with postoperative, post-fracture, or musculoskeletal pain. The patients evaluated their pain for 5 hours after administration of the study drug. Each of the three active treatments performed significantly better than placebo. The 200-mg dose level of indoprofen demonstrated the greatest analgesic activity based on pain intensity and pain relief scores and on the patients' global evaluations. The analgesic activity of 100 mg indoprofen fell between that of 200 mg indoprofen and 600 mg aspirin and was not significantly different from either.
703: Association between psychosocial disorder during pregnancy and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by gestational age and race/ethnicity

pregnancy and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by gestational age and race/ethnicity Darios Getahun, Michael Fassett, Steven Jacobsen Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, West Los Angeles Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA OBJECTIVE: Psychosocial distress disorder (PSD) during pregnancy is known to increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Because stressors during pregnancy may alter development of the fetal nervous system function and behavior later in life, we examined the association between PSD and childhood ADHD and whether the risk varies by gestational age and maternal race/ethnicity. STUDY DESIGN: A nested case-control study of singleton born children age 3-11 years delivered at 28 weeks of gestation (n 81,678) in Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) hospitals (1991-2006) was performed using the Perinatal Service System, Hospital Inpatient, Outpatient physician encounter, and Pharmacy records. ICD-9 codes from hospitalizations during pregnancy and infant birth certificates as well as pharmacy records on medication specific for PSD were used to ascertain the exposure and outcomes of interest. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to quantify the associations. RESULTS: Five percent of pregnancies were complicated by PSD. Compared with control children, case children were more likely to be male and of White or African-American race/ethnicity. Case children were more likely than control children to be exposed to PSD (OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.41.8). A stratified analysis by gestational age revealed that case children born at 34-36, and 37-42 weeks of gestation, were significantly more likely to be exposed to PSD (1.8-fold [95%CI 1.3, 2.5], and 1.6-fold [95%CI 1.4-1.8], respectively). PSD was associated with increased odds of ADHD across all racial/ethnic groups except Asian/Pacific Islanders. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that maternal PSD during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of childhood ADHD. Identification of at-risk children may provide the opportunity for early diagnosis and initiate treatment when it is more effective.
Procedures for Estimating Nutrient Values for Food Composition Databases

When used to assess the nutrient content of diets, recipes, or commercial food products, a nutrient database should provide a complete nutrient profile for each food in the database. Chemical analyses for a wide range of nutrients in the many foods included in a database are not always practical. Therefore, some nutrient values must be estimated. Common methods for estimating nutrient values include (1) using values from a different but similar food, (2) calculating values from different forms of the same food, (3) calculating values from other components in the same food, (4) calculating values from household recipes or commercial product formulations for multicomponent foods, (5) converting values from information on the nutrient label of a commercial food product, (6) calculating values from a product standard, and (7) assuming a zero value. Quality control procedures and nutrient validation programs should be implemented to verify that appropriate data selection, calculation methods, and data entry were used. Estimated nutrient values should be identified in the database. Some referencing systems also indicate the method used to derive each estimated value.
The Termination of the 1997-98 El Niño. Part II: Mechanisms of Atmospheric Change

The mechanisms that drove zonal wind stress ( x ) changes in the near-equatorial Pacific at the end of the extreme 1997–98 El Nino event are explored using a global atmospheric general circulation model. The analysis focuses on three features of the x evolution between October 1997 and May 1998 that were fundamental in driving the oceanic changes at the end of this El Nino event: (i) the southward shift of near-date-line surface zonal wind stress ( x ) anomalies beginning November 1997, (ii) the disappearance of the easterly x from the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEqP) in February 1998, and (iii) the reappearance of easterly x in the EEqP in May 1998. It is shown that these wind changes represent the deterministic response of the atmosphere to the observed sea surface temperature (SST) field, resulting from changes in the meridional structure of atmospheric convective anomalies in response to the seasonally phase-locked meridional movement of the warmest SST. The southward shift of the near-date-line x anomalies at the end of this El Nino event was controlled by the seasonal movement of the warmest SST south of the equator, which—both directly and through its influence on the atmospheric response to changes in SST anomaly—brought the convective anomalies from being centered about the equator to being centered south of the equator. The disappearance (reappearance) of easterly EEqP x has only been evident in extreme El Nino events and has been associated with the development (northward retreat) of an equatorial intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The disappearance/return of EEqP easterly x arises in the AGCM as the deterministic response to changes in the SST field, tied principally to the changes in climatological SST (given time-invariant extreme El Nino SSTA) and not to changes in the underlying SSTA field. The disappearance (return) of EEqP easterly x in late boreal winter (late boreal spring) is a characteristic atmospheric response to idealized extreme El Nino SST anomalies; this suggests that the distinctive termination of the 1997–98 El Nino event is that to be expected for extreme El Nino events.
Neuroeconomics and International Studies: A New Understanding of Trust

Nearly all political choices depend on trust—or a lack thereof. In world politics, successful negotiations, arms agreements, and deterrence postures all depend on trust. This paper reviews recent findings in neuroeconomics that have identified the neuroactive hormone oxytocin as a key brain mechanism that causes people to trust strangers. This research has also identified the physiologic and behavioral effect of distrust. A neurologically informed formal model of trust is introduced and implications are drawn from it for international studies (IS). We contend that findings in neuroscience and neuroeconomics can be used by social scientists to deepen their understanding of processes such as foreign policy decision making.
On design of agent home scheme for prefetching strategy in DSM systems

In distributed shared memory (DSM) systems, it is the common need to access data in remote nodes. Thus, it induces to remote access performance latencies, which is the major factor of overhead for DSM systems. Prefetching strategies can improve these phenomena by reducing latencies, but it adds workload to home nodes. It is proposed in this paper a method to reduce overhead of home nodes, by providing an agent home to share the workload of home nodes, by distributing these workloads to other nodes, when sending data. The performance evaluation of proposed strategy is done by performing three well-known benchmark programs: NPB/IS, 3DFFT and Red-Black SOR. The experimental results show that our proposed agent home method achieves 8%- 40% of speedup against original JIAJIA.
Dietary Education in School-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs

The purpose of this article was to review school based interventions designed to prevent childhood and adolescent obesity that focused on modifying dietary behavior and were published between 2000 and May 2009. A total of 25 interventions met the criteria. The grade range of these interventions was from K to 12; 13 studies exclusively targeted elementary school, 2 targeted both elementary and middle school, 9 exclusively targeted middle school, and 1 targeted high school. The majority of the interventions focused on both dietary and physical activity behaviors, whereas 8 interventions focused exclusively on dietary behaviors. Approximately one-half of the interventions were based on a behavioral theory. In terms of duration, 13 were longer than 6 mo, 4 were less than 1 mo, and 8 had a duration between 1 and 6 mo. The majority of the interventions were implemented by teachers. In terms of activities, almost all interventions had a curricular component except 2 that distributed free fruit or vegetables. Besides curricular instructions, parental and family involvement was also utilized by several interventions. Environmental and policy changes were used in 7 interventions. For evaluation, the 2 most popular designs were experimental design with random assignment at group level and quasi experimental design, both of which were used by 9 interventions each. In terms of impact on adiposity indices, only 14 interventions measured it and only 6 of those were able to demonstrate significant changes. Recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of school based dietary education interventions for childhood obesity prevention are presented.
Compressed sensing MRI: a review of the clinical literature

MRI is one of the most dynamic and safe imaging techniques available in the clinic today. However, MRI acquisitions tend to be slow, limiting patient throughput and limiting potential indications for use while driving up costs. Compressed sensing (CS) is a method for accelerating MRI acquisition by acquiring less data through undersampling of k-space. This has the potential to mitigate the time-intensiveness of MRI. The limited body of research evaluating the effects of CS on MR images has been mostly positive with regards to its potential as a clinical tool. Studies have successfully accelerated MRI with this technology, with varying degrees of success. However, more must be performed before its diagnostic efficacy and benefits are clear. Studies involving a greater number radiologists and images must be completed, rating CS based on its diagnostic efficacy. Also, standardized methods for determining optimal imaging parameters must be developed.
ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Hydroxylation Kinetics for Amorphous and Nano-Silica Structure, and Its Relations with Atomic Strain Energy

We performed reactive force field molecular dynamics simulation to observe the hydrolysis reactions between water molecules and locally strained SiO2 geometry. We optimized the force field from J. Fogarty et al. 2010, to more accurately describe the hydroxylation reaction barrier for strained and nonstrained Si—O structures, which are about 20 and 30 kcal/mol, respectively. After optimization, energy barrier for the hydroxylation shows a good agreement with DFT data. The observation of silanol formation at the high-strain region of a silica nanorod also supports the concept that the adsorption of water molecule: hydroxyl formation favors the geometry with higher strain energy. In addition, we found three distinct hydroxylation paths—H3O+ formation reaction from the adsorbed water, proton donation from H3O+, and the direct dissociation of the adsorbed water molecule. Because water molecules and their hydrogen bond network behave differently with respect to temperature ranges, silanol formation is also affe...
In situ x-ray diffraction study of the pressure-induced phase transformation in nanocrystalline CeO 2

The x-ray-diffraction study of nanosized ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ was carried to pressures of 38.6 GPa using an energy dispersive synchrotron-radiation technique in a diamond-anvil cell. At a pressure of 22.3 GPa, nano-${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ starts to transform to an orthorhombic $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{PbCl}}_{2}$ structure. This pressure is significantly lower than the transition pressure of 31 GPa for phase transformation in the bulk ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}.$ The high-pressure phase is unquenchable and distorts to a hexagonal structure upon release of pressure to ambient conditions. The nanosized cubic fluorite phase has a bulk modulus ${(B}_{0})$ of $328\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12$ GPa, much higher than that of the macrosize ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ with a ${B}_{0}$ of 230 GPa. There is a large volume decrease of 9.4% in phase transformation from the fluorite to $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{PbCl}}_{2}$ structure. Such a phase transformation may occur via a large volume collapse and an unstable high-pressure phase causing a reduction of transition pressure in this type of nanomaterial.
"Two Steps Forward, A Step-and-a-Half Back": Harrisburg's African American Community in the Nineteenth Century

Those who lived at the bottom of the socio-economic ladder in nine teenth century American cities did most of the "totin," "liftin'," and "choppinV They were the casual laborers and servants who regularly shifted from job to job, doing housework, waiting tables, carting goods, cleaning streets, cutting hair, chopping wood, hauling trash, running errands, and doing most of the community's other necessary but low-paying chores. At Harrisburg, recent immigrants and children of the poor performed part of this work. The bulk fell to its African American residents. Although Harrisburg was a middle-sized rather than a major urban center after mid-century, its black community was one of the largest in the state. The city ranked sixth among Pennsylvania cities in population from 1850 to 1880, then drifted to eighth by 1900; its black population which numbered second in 1860, was third in 1850, 1870, 1880 and 1890, and fourth in 1900. Until the dawn of the new century the proportion of its black to white residents hovered near ten percent or a little above, greater than that of any other major city in Pennsylvania, including Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. Although nearly nine percent of the seaport metropolis's residents were blacks in 1850, that figure fell to less than five percent through 1900; Pittsburgh's blacks throughout stood at five percent or less.1 As elsewhere, the interactions of three principal forces shaped the black urban experience at Harrisburg: external pressures such as white attitudes and behavior towards blacks, the internal response of blacks to their environment, and such non-racial forces as changes in the economic structure.2 In common with others of their race, Harrisburg blacks suffered under the dual disabilities of their slave heritage and what has been called the "privatization" of the American economy. White Pennsylvanians, not unlike their countrymen at large, held ambivalent attitudes towards blacks and slavery, alternately display ing sympathy and hostility to both. Economic matters they saw as essentially individual rather than community concerns.3 Such advances as Harrisburg's African Americans made came chiefly from their own persistence and the grudging concessions of whites. With few exceptions, African Americans held
Numerical Simulation of In-Stream Sediment Capture Structures

Sediment transport in a regulated river can be irregular and challenging to deal with due to the presence of large control structures, artificial channelization, and flow regulation. This study focuses on the Spokane River, Washington, USA, and specifically the entrapment of sediment well upstream of the Monroe Street Head End Diversion (HED). Throughout the operational lifetime of the diversion dam, sediment deposition behind the dam has been a serious problem, at times fouling the penstock intake and costing significant amounts of money and time to remove. A proposed solution to the problem is to capture sediment well upstream of the HED by placing artificial rock weir structures in the channel. Rock weirs are aesthetically pleasing and have been found to work effectively in trapping sediment. Numerical flow simulation is utilized in this study to examine the flow around the rock weirs and to examine the performance of those weirs under a wide range of flow conditions. Computer models are becoming an increasingly popular engineering tool as advancements in numerical modeling and data presentation drive the method forward. The commercial Surfacewater Modeling System (SMS) software package is utilized here to perform the necessary calculations. Using SMS, it is possible to resolve the in-stream flow field velocity vectors, which can be used to calculate shear stress and examine the kinetic energy and dissipation. The model was calibrated using field data and the results compared to previous physical models. The resulting data can eventually be used to describe the sediment transport properties of the river and around the structures. It will be possible to give an estimate of the sediment capturing ability of the rock weirs and predict a useful lifetime for the structures.
A Case of Family Cluster Outbreak of Dengue Fever in Guangzhou,China

Objective To examine the epidemic characteristics and occurrence of a case of family cluster outbreak of dengue fever,and to provide reference for the control of dengue fever outbreak in community. Methods A case of family cluster outbreak of dengue fever in Guangzhou was investigated and analyzed. Serum samples were analyzed by ELISA,RT-PCR,and virus isolation. Results A case of dengue fever outbreak in Liwan district (2006) was identified in Guangzhou. 6 out of 15 family members were infected. Serological analysis revealed that 3 family members were seropositive for IgM and IgG. Virus was isolated from 3 infected members. Only one sample was found to be positive by the RT-PCR detection method. Sequence analysis showed that the virus was type 1 dengue virus. Conclusion According to the clinical features,laboratory analysis,and the results of epidemiological studies,the outbreak occurred within a family living in the Li-wan district. The source of infection was unknown. The infection was probably occurred during the family gathering.
Abstract B30: Targeting EZH2 methyltransferase activity: A novel therapeutic approach to ARID1A-deficient cancer

Loss of function mutation of the epigenetic modulator ARID1A, a component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, occurs in a number of cancers most notably ovarian. ARID1A is mutated in up to 60% and 30% of clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancers, respectively. However, there currently is no effective therapy that targets ARID1A-deficient human cancers. Here we show ARID1A-deficient ovarian cancer cells are selectively sensitive to inhibition of EZH29s methyltransferase activity. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressor complex 2, which represses gene expression by generating tri-methylation epigenetic mark on lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27Me3). Utilizing a library of small molecules against epigenetic targets, we identified an EZH2 small molecule inhibitor that selectively inhibited the growth of ARID1A-deficient ovarian cancer cells, while exhibiting no effects in ARID1A wild-type cells. Genome-wide gene expression profile revealed that there is significant overlap of genes altered by ARID1A restoration and EZH2 methyltransferase inhibition. Specifically, the tumor suppressor and inhibitor of PI3K/AKT signaling, PIK3IP1, is regulated by both ARID1A and EZH2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the occupancy of ARID1A and EZH2 at the PIK3IP1 promoter. In an intraperitoneal (IP) xenograft mouse model, EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the number of IP tumor nodules. Moreover, in an independent orthotopic intra-bursal xenograft model using ARID1A wildtype and deficient cells, the EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 only suppressed the growth of ARID1A-deficient tumors. Notably, the observed effects correlated with a decrease in expression of H3K27Me3, pAKT and Ki67, a cell proliferation marker, and an increase in PIK3IP1. These data indicate loss of ARID1A and gain of EZH2 could act in epigenetic concert to promote cancer phenotypes. Taken together, these findings imply that inhibition of the methyltransferase EZH2 represents a novel therapeutic strategy for ARID1A-deficient cancers. Citation Format: Benjamin Bitler, Azat Garipov, Ie Ming Shih, Rugang Zhang. Targeting EZH2 methyltransferase activity: A novel therapeutic approach to ARID1A-deficient cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B30.
Art librarians’ professional paths: a careers survey with implications for prospective librarians

Is there such thing as a ‘typical’ career path for art librarians? This article presents the results of a survey of art librarians’ motivations for selecting the profession, and also their educational backgrounds, current employment and professional experiences, and presents advice for graduate students and prospective librarians. A questionnaire was sent to six email discussion groups related to art librarianship, from which 280 responses were received from across the world. The results indicate that art librarians typically work in academic settings, chose the field of art librarianship while already employed in libraries, have an educational background in the arts at the undergraduate and/or graduate level, and selected librarianship primarily because they were attracted to the duties and work settings of the job. This study includes advice from current librarians for graduate students seeking employment as art librarians in today’s challenging job market.
Identification and Quantification of Fecal Coliforms using Violet Red Bile Agar at Elevated Temperature

A procedure was developed for identification and quantification of fecal coliforms by colony size obtained in Violet Red Bile agar incubated at 44.5 ± 0.5 C for 24 h in an air incubator. Five strains of Escherichia coli, 5 strains of Enterobacter aerogenes, 37 coliform isolates from sewage, and 76 coliform isolates from water were tested by this procedure. The practical usefulness of this procedure was studied by comparative quantification of 11 water samples using this procedure, the Millipore method, and MPN method. Statistical analysis showed that this procedure is as reliable as the other procedures for enumeration of fecal coliforms. The advantages of this method over the commonly used methods of enumeration of fecal coliforms are ease of operation, simplicity, and speed.
An experimental investigation on the steady state heat transfer characteristics of liquid methane

The steady state heat transfer characteristics of liquid methane (LCH4) under forced convection in a 1.8 mm x 1.8 mm square. This study is intended to understand the cooling characteristics of liquid propellants in cooling channels representative of those associated with regenerative cooled rocket engines at steady state conditions. Due to the limited data concerning the heat transfer characteristics of LCH4, in particular with square channels, a High Heat Flux Test Facility (HHFTF) was developed at the Center for Space Exploration Technology Research (cSETR). The HHFTF is designed to handle cryogenic fluids while maintaining high heat fluxes between 3.3 and 20.0 MW/m 2 . The average Nusselt number (NuD) reaches as high as 336 and average Reynolds numbers (ReD) between 1.9 x 10 4 to 1.6 x 10 5 . A Nusselt number correlation (NuO) used by NASA/Rocketdyne [1] demonstrates an over prediction primarily with Reynolds numbers in the range of 6.0 x 10 4 to 1 x 10 5 . Meanwhile, the majority of the over predictions exist between 1 x 10 5 and 1.1 x 10 5 .
CEO Cognitive Patterns and Spread of Innovations

This paper provides the initial framework for exploring the effects of CEO’s cognitive orientations on innovation adoption and assimilation in organizations. At the innovation adoption stage, I propose that abstract and concrete cognition orientations of the decision makers will determine which sources of innovation are exploited based on their proximity to the adopting entity. At the assimilation stage this cognitive pattern will determine whether the innovation is emulated in its original form, or adapted to ensure a fit with the adopting entity. To further understand the extent of CEO impact on innovation decisions, I propose CEO power as a moderating mechanism.
Copyright and the Copyright Clearance Center

The January 2003 Eldred v. Ashcroft decision by the United States Supreme Court which upheld the Copyright Term Extension Act, also highlighted the problem that many copyright users have in seeking permission for legitimate use of copyrighted materials. Writing in the dissent, Justice Stephen Breyer cited several instances where the man-hours required to locate copyright holders lead to the abandonment of preservation, documentary and archival projects. The law grants copyright holders the control over the right to copy, distribute, display or create derivatives of their creative works. In order for a subsequent user to engage in any of these acts requires permission and potential payment of royalties, or an exemption from copyright such as fair use. Locating the rightsholder to obtain permission is therefore critical. In enacting the 1976 Copyright Act, Congress shared this concern and recommended that an efficient mechanism be established to facilitate permissions, licensing and payment of royalties. In 1977, the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), www.copyright.com, was established to meet that need.
Expressions of Gratitude, Wishes, and Spending Preferences Among Chinese Children and Adolescents:

The present study investigated age-related differences in gratitude expression and spending preferences, as well as their relations with wishes among 520 7- to 14-year-old Chinese children and adol...
Heterodyne phase sensitive terahertz spectrometer

We demonstrate that a field effect transistor (FET) operating as THz or far infrared sensor could be used as a sensitive spectrometer when exposed to a strong tunable local oscillator signal with the varying frequency and phase. The FET nonlinearity results in the detected signal being enhanced by the local oscillator power and proportional to the cosine of the phase difference between the local oscillator and the signal. In contrast to the conventional heterodyne regime, the output signal becomes independent of the local oscillator power at large local oscillator powers when the induced local oscillator voltage becomes large compared to the gate voltage swing at the operating point. The observed gain in this regime is over 90 and predicted maximum gain is on the order 100,000 to 500,000. This regime of the detector operation is very promising for applications in the terahertz interferometry and spectroscopy.
Disability Measurement for Korean Community-Dwelling Adults With Stroke: Item-Level Psychometric Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Objective To investigate the psychometric properties of the activities of daily living (ADL) instrument used in the analysis of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) dataset. Methods A retrospective study was carried out involving 2006 KLoSA records of community-dwelling adults diagnosed with stroke. The ADL instrument used for the analysis of KLoSA included 17 items, which were analyzed using Rasch modeling to develop a robust outcome measure. The unidimensionality of the ADL instrument was examined based on confirmatory factor analysis with a one-factor model. Item-level psychometric analysis of the ADL instrument included fit statistics, internal consistency, precision, and the item difficulty hierarchy. Results The study sample included a total of 201 community-dwelling adults (1.5% of the Korean population with an age over 45 years; mean age=70.0 years, SD=9.7) having a history of stroke. The ADL instrument demonstrated unidimensional construct. Two misfit items, money management (mean square [MnSq]=1.56, standardized Z-statistics [ZSTD]=2.3) and phone use (MnSq=1.78, ZSTD=2.3) were removed from the analysis. The remaining 15 items demonstrated good item fit, high internal consistency (person reliability=0.91), and good precision (person strata=3.48). The instrument precisely estimated person measures within a wide range of theta (-4.75 logits < θ < 3.97 logits) and a reliability of 0.9, with a conceptual hierarchy of item difficulty. Conclusion The findings indicate that the 15 ADL items met Rasch expectations of unidimensionality and demonstrated good psychometric properties. It is proposed that the validated ADL instrument can be used as a primary outcome measure for assessing longitudinal disability trajectories in the Korean adult population and can be employed for comparative analysis of international disability across national aging studies.
Imaging Drug Distribution and Effects at the Single Cell Level In Vivo

Current pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies mostly focus on large scale organ-level measurements of drug distribution and performance. These approaches neglect the more refined single-cell and subcellular analyses that provide insight into how drugs truly function at the cellular level in an in vivo environment. Recently, improved methods in intravital imaging have introduced the possibility of in vivo single-cell pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. Combined with improved modeling, these studies can reveal how drugs work or fail at single-cell resolution in vivo.
EMOTIONS VERSUS BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY VIEWS OF FACIAL EXPRESSION: THE STATE OF THE EVIDENCE

Several lines of investigation allow us to compare the validity and validity of the emotions and behavioral views I presented in Chapter 7. These lines of evidence include the: (1) complexity of display over phylogenesis; (2) amount of deception and phylogenesis; (3) the dependence of displays upon sociality; (4) the implicit sociality of solitary displays; (5) the presence or absence of common “fundamental emotion” circuits underlying disparate displays; and (6) the manner in which facial actions relate to nonfacial physiological activity. I discuss each, and then consider the viability of the concept of “emotion” central to the Emotions View of facial behavior.
Cooperation Requirement Planning for Multiprocessors

Although cooperation among multiple manufacturing machines seems intuitively desirable, it is necessary to find what specific cooperation can and should be accomplished. Cooperation Requirement Planning (CRP) is the process of generating a consistent and coordinated global execution plan for a set of tasks to be completed by a multi-machine system based on the task cooperation opportunities, requirements and interactions. In this sense, CRP is an essential part of integration in manufacturing. CRP is divided into two main steps: CRP-I which matches the task requirements to machine and system capabilities to generate cooperation requirements, task precedence, machine operation and system resource constraints. CRP-II uses the results of CRP-I to generate a task assignment and coordinated, consistent global execution plan. In this chapter, we describe the CRP-II methodology in which each task is considered to be a goal and the CRP-I process is viewed as generating alternate plans and associated costs. Some open research directions are discussed.
Nonlinear acceleration of sequential fully implicit (SFI) method for coupled flow and transport in porous media

Abstract The sequential fully implicit (SFI) method was introduced along with the development of the multiscale finite volume (MSFV) framework, and has received considerable attention in recent years. Each time step for SFI consists of an outer loop to solve the coupled system, in which there is one inner Newton loop to implicitly solve the pressure equation and another loop to implicitly solve the transport equations. Limited research has been conducted that deals with the outer coupling level to investigate the convergence performance. In this paper we extend the basic SFI method with several nonlinear acceleration techniques for improving the outer-loop convergence. Specifically, we consider numerical relaxation, quasi-Newton (QN) and Anderson acceleration (AA) methods. The acceleration techniques are adapted and studied for the first time within the context of SFI for coupled flow and transport in porous media . We reveal that the iterative form of SFI is equivalent to a nonlinear block Gauss–Seidel (BGS) process. The effectiveness of the acceleration techniques is demonstrated using several challenging examples. The results show that the basic SFI method is quite inefficient, suffering from slow convergence or even convergence failure. In order to better understand the behaviors of SFI, we carry out detailed analysis on the coupling mechanisms between the sub-problems. Compared with the basic SFI method, superior convergence performance is achieved by the acceleration techniques, which can resolve the convergence difficulties associated with various types of coupling effects. We show across a wide range of flow conditions that the acceleration techniques can stabilize the iterative process, and largely reduce the outer iteration count.
Site occupancy calibration of taxane pharmacology in live cells and tissues

Drug receptor site occupancy is a central pharmacology parameter that quantitatively relates the biochemistry of drug binding to the biology of drug action. Taxanes and epothilones bind to overlapping sites in microtubules (MTs) and stabilize them. They are used to treat cancer and are under investigation for neurodegeneration. In cells, they cause concentration-dependent inhibition of MT dynamics and perturbation of mitosis, but the degree of site occupancy required to trigger different effects has not been measured. We report a live cell assay for taxane-site occupancy, and relationships between site occupancy and biological effects across four drugs and two cell lines. By normalizing to site occupancy, we were able to quantitatively compare drug activities and cell sensitivities independent of differences in drug affinity and uptake/efflux kinetics. Across all drugs and cells tested, we found that inhibition of MT dynamics, postmitotic micronucleation, and mitotic arrest required successively higher site occupancy. We also found interesting differences between cells and drugs, for example, insensitivity of the spindle assembly checkpoint to site occupancy. By extending our assay to a mouse xenograft tumor model, we estimated the initial site occupancy required for paclitaxel to completely prevent tumor growth as 80%. The most important cellular action of taxanes for cancer treatment may be formation of micronuclei, which occurs over a broad range of site occupancies.
Refrigerant Charge Estimation for an Air Conditioning System using Artificial Neural Network Modelling

This paper deals with an fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of appropriate refrigerant charge amount (RCA) using a feed-forward backpropagation neural network (FBNN) for multi-split variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems. Faulty RCA operations of the VRF systems result in thermal discomfort for the occupants, lower coefficient of performance (COP), and equipment damage. Typical data driven neural network based methods give rise to computation complexity caused by data dimensionality and redundant data. Moreover, critical weakness of the BPNN results in deficient model generalization and over-fitting. This paper presents a fault detection scheme that uses the reliefF feature selection algorithm as a preprocessing technique to avoid the explosion of complexity while extraction critical feature information. Then, using a BPNN, it is shown that the proposed FDD algorithm renders the RCA of VRF systems classified. As a result the proposed technique can help to maintain the healthy VRF systems, provide thermal comfort, and save energy consumption.
The Trump Effect: The 2016 Presidential Campaign and the Racist Right's Internet Rhetoric

The divisiveness witnessed during Donald Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign, a nationwide discord on a scale not witnessed since the tumultuous Nixon-Humphrey-Wallace campaign of 1968, has necessitated an examination of hate within the United States. Characterized by rhetoric of nationalism and isolationism reminiscent of ideologies espoused by white nationalists, Trump’s campaign energized the American racist right. Indeed, the most prominent US-based white supremacist websites, the neo-Nazi Stormfront and The Daily Stormer, launched extensive online campaigns supporting Trump’s presidential bid, and both sites experienced dramatic increases in traffic. This essay examines some of the divisive rhetoric Trump employed during his presidential campaign and the various ways in which that rhetoric appears to have resonated with US-based white supremacists. Examining white supremacists’ Internet rhetoric enables persons to be alerted to the possibility of white supremacist advocacy or activity and to better understand how white supremacists attempt to form, or become a part of, a community of like-minded persons. While several acts of murderous violence in the United States have been associated with white supremacist content appearing online, examinations of US-based white supremacists’ Internet rhetoric may assist individuals, including law enforcement and homeland security professionals, in guarding against similar violence in the future.
Endoscopic Ablation of Barrett’s Esophagus and Early Esophageal Cancer

Barrett’s esophagus develops as a result of chronic, pathologic reflux of gastro-duodenal contents into the esophagus. The diagnosis is made upon the endoscopic finding of columnar lined epithelium in the distal esophagus associated with specialized intestinal metaplasia (IM) on histology [1, 2]. Barrett’s esophagus is classified as non-dysplastic IM, low-grade dysplasia (LGD), or high-grade dysplasia (HGD). Population-based studies suggest that Barrett’s esophagus is present in 1–2% of the US adult population [3] and is increasing in prevalence [4]. Screening upper endoscopy in patients undergoing colonoscopy has shown a remarkably high prevalence, varying from 7% to as much as 25% depending upon the population screened. In a general population of patients undergoing colonoscopy, Rex et al. reported that 6.8% were found to have esophageal intestinal metaplasia [5].
On Olympic Victors, Ancient and Modern

During the 2016 Olympic games in Rio, the dialogue between the ancient and modern Olympics was enriched by the comparison between Leonidas of Rhodes (crowned 12 times at Olympia from 164 to 152 bc ...
Phase separation in the Hubbard model using the dynamical cluster approximation

Phase separation in the Hubbard model is investigated with the dynamical cluster approximation. We find that it is present in the paramagnetic solution for values of filling smaller than 1 and at finite temperature when a positive next-nearest-neighbor hopping is considered. The phase-separated region is characterized by a mixture of a strongly correlated metallic and Mott insulating phases. Our results indicate that phase separation is driven by the formation of doped regions with strong antiferromagnetic correlations and low kinetic energy.
Discovery of Six Ramoplanin Family Gene Clusters and the Lipoglycodepsipeptide Chersinamycin

Ramoplanins and enduracidins are peptidoglycan lipid intermediate II-binding lipodepsipeptides with broad-spectrum activity against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Targeted genome mining using probes from conserved sequences within the ramoplanin/enduracidin biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) was used to identify six microorganisms with BGCs predicted to produce unique lipodepsipeptide congeners of ramoplanin and enduracidin. Fermentation of Micromonospora chersina yielded a novel lipoglycodepsipeptide, called chersinamycin, which exhibited good antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria (1-2 μg/mL) similar to the ramoplanins and enduracidins. The covalent structure of chersinamycin was determined by NMR spectroscopy and tandem mass spectrometry in conjunction with chemical degradation studies. These six new BGCs and isolation of a new antimicrobial peptide provide much-needed tools to investigate the fundamental aspects of lipodepsipeptide biosynthesis and to facilitate efforts to produce novel antibiotics capable of combating antibiotic-resistant infections.
Reconciling a quantum gravity minimal length with lack of photon dispersion

Abstract Generic arguments lead to the idea that quantum gravity has a minimal length scale. A possible observational signal of such a minimal length scale is that photons should exhibit dispersion. In 2009, the observation of a short gamma ray burst seemed to push the minimal length scale to distances smaller than the Planck length. This poses a challenge for such minimal distance models. Here we propose a modification of the position and momentum operators, x ˆ and p ˆ , which lead to a minimal length scale, but preserve the photon energy-momentum relationship E = p c . In this way there is no dispersion of photons with different energies. Additionally, this can be accomplished without modifying the commutation relationship [ x ˆ , p ˆ ] = i ħ .
'Peut-on Être Libanais et Brésilien?': La desaparición de los inmigrantes otomanos y la negociación de la identidad nacional y ciudadanía brasileña en Siria y el Líbano durante los años 30s

El objetivo de este trabajo es el de explorar el proceso circular de inmigracion de los antiguos inmigrantes otomanos a Brasil y mostrar como su categorizacion como blancos, en su nueva patria, les ayudo a redefinir su sentido de ciudadania en Brasil y en el Levante. En la decada de 1930, cuando los burocratas del estado desistieron del sueno largamente esperado de una raza blanca brasilena, nuevas ideas sobre raza, color y etnicidad sostuvieron un discurso nacional emergente: Democracia Racial. Durante esta redefinicion de raza/color, los antiguos inmigrantes otomanos, indiferentemente de su fe, negociaron constantemente su condicion de inmigrantes blancos. Para miembros comunitarios, de toda religion, la negociacion de su estatus en nacion brasilena era una tarea transnacional. Durante los anos 30s del mandato frances en Siria y el Libano, brasilenos naturalizados y sus descendientes no solo reafirmaron su brasilidade, sino que continuaron identificandose como blancos. La idea de una “doble ciudadania”, brasilena y libanesa o siria, abrio un debate donde los ciudadanos brasilenos tuvieron que confrontar el poder de los diferentes estados, que conjuntamente promulgaron leyes para producir ciudadanos leales a una sola nacion. En resumen, los antiguos subditos otomanos han sido centrales en la construccion de la raza y la ciudadania al difuminar las lineas/fronteras encontradas a nivel mundial.
Cardiovascular risk factors and APOE-ε4 status affect memory functioning in aging via changes to temporal stem diffusion.

Prior research investigating associations between hypertension, obesity, and apolipoprotein (APOE) genotype status with memory performance among older adults has yielded inconsistent results. This may reflect, in part, a lack of first accounting for the effects these variables have on structural brain changes, that in turn contribute to age-related memory impairment. The current study sought to clarify the relationships between these factors via path modeling. We hypothesized that higher body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and being an APOE-e4 allele carrier would predict poorer memory scores, with much of these effects accounted for by indirect effects operating via differences in the integrity of temporal stem white matter. Participants included 125 healthy older adults who underwent neuropsychological assessment and diffusion-weighted MRI scanning. Direct effects were found for hypertension and demographic variables including age, sex, and education. Importantly, indirect effects were found for BMI, hypertension, APOE-e4 status, age, and sex, where these factors predicted memory scores via their impact on temporal stem diffusion measures. There was also a dual effect of sex, with a direct effect indicating that females had better memory performance overall, and an indirect effect indicating that females with greater temporal stem diffusion had poorer memory performance. Results suggest that changes to the integrity of temporal white matter in aging may underpin reduced memory performance. These results highlight that accounting for variables that not only directly impact cognition, but also for those that indirectly impact cognition via structural brain changes, is crucial for understanding the impact of risk factors on cognition.
A Specification Language for Matching Mistake Patterns with Feedback

Pattern-based feedback detects incorrect code patterns in students' programs and provides feedback that can be personalized to the details of the matched code. Currently, a high level of instructor effort is required because the pattern detection must be expressed using complex programmatic interfaces. A specification language for pattern-based feedback is presented that mitigates this cost. Examples from actual student code illustrate the language's design and expressiveness. The language's implementation and testing is briefly described. Reflections are given on the the language design, where it is effectively used, and lessons learned from experience with its use. While our implementation is targeted at Python, other programming languages could be targeted using a similar approach.