cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Origins of the Chinese Nation: Song China and the Forging of an East Asian World Order

In this major new study, Nicolas Tackett proposes that the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127) witnessed both the maturation of an East Asian inter-state system and the emergence of a new worldview and sense of Chinese identity among educated elites. These developments together had sweeping repercussions for the course of Chinese history, while also demonstrating that there has existed in world history a viable alternative to the modern system of nation-states. Utilising a wide array of historical, literary, and archaeological sources, chapters focus on diplomatic sociability, cosmopolitan travel, military strategy, border demarcation, ethnic consciousness, and the cultural geography of Northeast Asia. In this ground breaking new approach to the history of the East Asian inter-state system, Tackett argues for a concrete example of a pre-modern nationalism, explores the development of this nationalism, and treats modern nationalism as just one iteration of a phenomenon with a much longer history.
Scleral Discoloration from Minocycline Treatment

Scleral Discoloration from Minocycline Treatment A 70-year-old man who was receiving long-term minocycline treatment presented with blue discoloration of the sclerae. Minocycline-induced pigmentation was diagnosed.
Optimally Designed Shell Enclosures with Tuned Absorbers for Minimizing Sound Power

This paper presents a design methodology for reducing radiated noise from enclosures using multiple optimized tuned absorbers. The methodology starts from the sound power spectrum of the enclosed noise source and ends with optimally sized/located absorbers on a surrounding thin shell enclosure. The design approach combines a finite element method vibration prediction code, a boundary element method sound power prediction code and a combined stochastic/gradient-based optimization algorithm. A design example has been optimized for a thin shell covering a motor/gearbox. The addition of a small amount of weight (130 g or 1.6% of the weight of the shell) produced substantial reductions in radiated sound power (13 dB in the targeted 1/3 octave band centered at 125 Hz). The design has been validated by experiment.
Privacy and Technology in the Twenty-First Century

We live in a society increasingly dependent on and enamored by technology, including communications, surveillance, forensic, health care, and other forms of technology. Yet, we also purport to value privacy. Is it possible to have both technology and privacy -- to realize the benefits of technology without compromising privacy? This is a difficult question and, to start, we need to define what we mean by privacy.
The SAGA Approach to Automated Project Management

ENCOMPASS, a prototype software development environment, is being constructed from components built by the SAGA project. Application of SAGA to the major phases of the lifecycle will be demonstrated through ENCOMPASS. The system will include configuration management; a software design paradigm based on the Vienna Development Method; executable specifications; languages which can be used to support modular programming, like Berkeley Pascal or ADA; verification and validation tools and methods; and basic management tools. ENCOMPASS is intended to examine many of the requirements for the design of complex software development environments such as might be used to construct the space station software. It is intended to be used as a prototype for examining many of the more advanced features that will be required in future generations of software development environments which support aerospace applications. In this paper, we describe the framework adopted within ENCOMPASS to provide automated management. We exemplify the approach using an example taken from problem tracking and change control during software maintenance.
BEAMOS — Technology and Applications

BEAMOS — Beam Accessable MOS — is the best known synonym for recent developments in the field of electronic beam memories.
Team CHARLI: RoboCup 2012 Humanoid AdultSize League Winner

Autonomous soccer-playing humanoid robots have advanced significantly in the past few years. Skill sets elementary to humans such as omnidirectional bipedal walking, path planning, and gameplay strategy have matured enough to allow for dynamic and exciting games. In this paper team CHARLI, the two-time RoboCup Humanoid AdultSize League winner, describes the design and fabrication of essential components such as the spine and mechanical structure, then overviews the increase in performance resulting from recent mechanical upgrades. Finally, we detail the custom walking controller and gameplay module changes responsible for the outstanding performance of our self-constructed lightweight full-sized humanoid platform, CHARLI-2.
Learning to Learn: Organization and the Student’s Experience

In Chap. 1 we presented a riddle: Imagine you attended an exciting, daylong seminar and felt confident you’d paid attention and absorbed the material. Then, a few days later, you were surprised to find you could recall very little of the meaningful material you thought you’d learned. In subsequent chapters, we investigated this riddle by tightening our focus to the level of the learning episode, examining how demand on organizing processes can influence how encoding occurs, and clarifying important facets of the relationship between learning and organizing processes.
Co-Sublimated Polycrystalline Cd 1-x Zn x Te Films for Multi-junction Solar Cells

There are two major hurdles in the fabrication of top cell using polycrystalline films of CdTe alloys. First, the deposition of the films is difficult due to the difference in the vapor pressure of the individual elements present in the alloy or longer process time making it not economical. The retention of the original stoichiometry of the CdTe alloy after the CdCl 2 treatment is the second hurdle. In this work, polycrystalline films of Cd (1-x) Zn x Te (Cd-Zn-Te) were fabricated with different band gaps by co-sublimation of CdTe and Zn. A strategy to retain the composition of the polycrystalline Cd-Zn-Te films is investigated and demonstrated. Quantum efficiency of greater than 0.7 was observed in the fabricated devices and band gap was maintained.
A Tragédia de Hamlédipo: a fusão entre Édipo e Hamlet por Freud

Very early on, Freud centered his argument for the universality of the Oedipus complex on a reading of Oedipus Tyrannus. But why did he insist on reading it specifically as a theatrical experience on the part of a modern audience? This article argues that Freud’s theory from the start had fused the Sophoclean play with Shakespeare’s Hamlet , deploying Oedipus Tyrannus metatheatrically as Hamlet deployed “The Murder of Gonzago” to trigger a reaction in Claudius. Freud puts us in the audience of Oedipus in order for us to sense our own oedipal guilt, confirming his theory.
Motivations, opportunities, and controls of environmental crime: an empirical test of Kramer and Michalowski’s integrated theoretical model of state-corporate crime

Environmental issues have increasingly been examined as criminal in recent decades. The current study builds on this criminological momentum by investigating water pollution using a state-corporate crime perspective. Although Kramer and Michalowski’s [1] integrated theoretical model of state-corporate crime has mostly been employed as a categorization tool, using a dataset measuring Environmental Protection Agency water violations in several industries (i.e., pulp mills, paper mills, petroleum refining, steel works, blast furnaces, and rolling), the current study offers a rare quantitative test of the logical propositions of Kramer and Michalowski’s model. Following this model, the impact of motivation for, opportunity for, and control of water violations were investigated using Poisson regression. Motivation was the only of these three factors to demonstrate a significant effect on water violations. Overall, it appears that the current study has provided support that motivation to commit crime may be more important than opportunities to commit crime or crime control. Due to the data’s age, the results of this study should be taken with reservations when informing potential policies to reduce environmental crime, specifically water pollution. Future research should continue to explore how motivation, opportunity, and control impact corporate/state crime in relation with one another using a multitude of methods.
How to be a maker: Make your own traffic light

When circuits become complex, you need a breadboard, as Hannah Joshua shows with a desktop signalling system
Sexual assault history and self-destructive behaviors in women college students: testing the perniciousness of perfectionism in predicting non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors

Abstract The present study examined presence of sexual assault history and perfectionism (viz., positive strivings & evaluative concerns) as predictors of self-destructive behaviors (viz., NSSI & suicidal behaviors) in a sample of 287 women college students. Results obtained from conducting a series of hierarchical regression analyses indicated several notable patterns. Sexual assault history was a consistent predictor of both NSSI and suicidal behaviors. Moreover, the inclusion of perfectionism was also found to consistently predict additional unique variance in NSSI and suicidal behaviors, even after accounting for sexual assault history. These patterns remained largely unchanged even after accounting for shared variance between NSSI and suicidal behaviors. Within the perfectionism set, evaluative concerns emerged as the most consistent unique predictor of both indices of self-destructive behavior. Finally, we did not find evidence for a significant Positive Strivings × Evaluative Concerns interaction effect in our analyses. Overall, our findings indicate that beyond the presence of sexual assault history, perfectionism remains an important predictor of self-destructive behaviors in women college students.
The CoQ oxidoreductase FSP1 acts parallel to GPX4 to inhibit ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is caused by the iron-dependent peroxidation of lipids1,2. The glutathione-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) prevents ferroptosis by converting lipid hydroperoxides into non-toxic lipid alcohols3,4. Ferroptosis has previously been implicated in the cell death that underlies several degenerative conditions2, and induction of ferroptosis by the inhibition of GPX4 has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to trigger cancer cell death5. However, sensitivity to GPX4 inhibitors varies greatly across cancer cell lines6, which suggests that additional factors govern resistance to ferroptosis. Here, using a synthetic lethal CRISPR–Cas9 screen, we identify ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) (previously known as apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrial 2 (AIFM2)) as a potent ferroptosis-resistance factor. Our data indicate that myristoylation recruits FSP1 to the plasma membrane where it functions as an oxidoreductase that reduces coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) (also known as ubiquinone-10), which acts as a lipophilic radical-trapping antioxidant that halts the propagation of lipid peroxides. We further find that FSP1 expression positively correlates with ferroptosis resistance across hundreds of cancer cell lines, and that FSP1 mediates resistance to ferroptosis in lung cancer cells in culture and in mouse tumour xenografts. Thus, our data identify FSP1 as a key component of a non-mitochondrial CoQ antioxidant system that acts in parallel to the canonical glutathione-based GPX4 pathway. These findings define a ferroptosis suppression pathway and indicate that pharmacological inhibition of FSP1 may provide an effective strategy to sensitize cancer cells to ferroptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic agents. A synthetic lethal CRISPR–Cas9 screen identifies ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 as a key ferroptosis-resistance factor, the expression of which correlates with ferroptosis resistance in hundreds of cancer cell lines.
Increased density and age‐related sharing of synapses at the cone to OFF bipolar cell synapse in the mouse retina

Neural circuits in the adult nervous system are characterized by stable, cell type-specific patterns of synaptic connectivity. In many parts of the nervous system these patterns are established during development through initial over-innervation by multiple pre- or postsynaptic targets, followed by a process of refinement that takes place during development and is in many instances activity dependent. Here we report on an identified synapse in the mouse retina, the cone photoreceptor➔type 4 bipolar cell (BC4) synapse, and show that its development is distinctly different from the common motif of over-innervation followed by refinement. Indeed, the majority of cones are contacted by single BC4 throughout development, but are contacted by multiple BC4s through ongoing dendritic elaboration between 1 and 6 months of age-well into maturity. We demonstrate that cell density drives contact patterns downstream of single cones in Bax null mice and may serve to maintain constancy in both the dendritic and axonal projective field.
Mixed gluinos and sgluons from a new S U (3 ) gauge group

I study supersymmetric models in which the QCD gauge group is the remnant diagonal subgroup from the spontaneous breaking of an $SU(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(3)$ gauge group at a multi-TeV scale. In renormalizable models with soft supersymmetry breaking, the scalar potential is shown to have global minima with the required gauge symmetry breaking pattern. In addition to a massive color octet vector boson, this framework predicts three color octet spin-0 sgluons, and four color octet gluinos with both Dirac and Majorana mass terms. One of the gluino mass eigenstates typically has a coupling to quark-squark pairs that is at least as large as the prediction of minimal supersymmetry, but it need not be the lightest one.
Trends in Diabetes Management Among US Adults: 1999-2016

Updating national trends in diabetes management is important for identifying areas of progress and remaining gaps in diabetes care. Evaluate trends in diabetes management. Three nationally representative, serial cross-sectional surveys (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [n = 5800], National Health Interview Survey [n = 48,519], and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System [n = 741,497]) were used to estimate trends in diabetes management from 1999 to 2016. Non-pregnant US adults (aged ≥ 18 years) diagnosed with diabetes. American Diabetes Association’s general recommendations for glycemic and cardiovascular risk factor control, medication usage, physical activity, preventive practices, and dietary intake. From 1999 to 2016, the proportion of US adults with diabetes who attained glycemic control (HbA1c < 7.0%) followed a quadratic trend (49.6% in 1999–2004 to 58.6% in 2005–2010 to 55.8% in 2011–2016, P < 0.05 for trend). Control of blood pressure (< 140/90 mmHg) and lipids (LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dl) increased by 6.6 and 18.7 percentage points, respectively (P < 0.05 for trends). The proportion that attained glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control followed a quadratic trend (13.3% in 1999–2004 to 24.8% in 2005–2010 to 20.2% in 2011–2016, P < 0.05 for trend). Use of antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and statin medication among those who were eligible rose by 8.6, 5.0, and 24.0 percentage points, respectively (P < 0.05 for trends). Aerobic inactivity declined 7.1 percentage points, while adherence to aerobic activity (≥ 150 min/week) and resistance training (≥ 2 times/week) recommendations grew 3.4 and 3.2 percentage points, respectively (P < 0.05 for trends). Engagement in preventive practices (e.g., receipt of vaccinations) consistently increased for 6 out of 8 outcomes. However, the adherence to saturated fat (< 10% of total daily calories) and sodium (< 2300 mg/day) recommendations fell by 6.5 and 5.2 percentage points (P < 0.05 for trends). Despite notable improvements, declines in glycemic control and adherence to dietary recommendations may be growing challenges in diabetes care.
Bacterial Community Interactions During Chronic Respiratory Disease

Chronic respiratory diseases including chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media, asthma, cystic fibrosis, non-CF bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are a major public health burden. Patients suffering from chronic respiratory disease are prone to persistent, debilitating respiratory infections due to the decreased ability to clear pathogens from the respiratory tract. Such infections often develop into chronic, life-long complications that are difficult to treat with antibiotics due to the formation of recalcitrant biofilms. The microbial communities present in the upper and lower respiratory tracts change as these respiratory diseases progress, often becoming less diverse and dysbiotic, correlating with worsening patient morbidity. Those with chronic respiratory disease are commonly infected with a shared group of respiratory pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Moraxella catarrhalis, among others. In order to understand the microbial landscape of the respiratory tract during chronic disease, we review the known inter-species interactions among these organisms and other common respiratory flora. We consider both the balance between cooperative and competitive interactions in relation to microbial community structure. By reviewing the major causes of chronic respiratory disease, we identify common features across disease states and signals that might contribute to community shifts. As microbiome shifts have been associated with respiratory disease progression, worsening morbidity, and increased mortality, these underlying community interactions likely have an impact on respiratory disease state.
Clinical observation of insulin pump treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effect of early continuous insulin pump insulin (INS) subcutaneous infusion on type 1 diabetes mellitus(TlDM) in children. Methods Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients were divided into two groups for insulin therapy, insulin pump continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (csI I) 15 cases, multiple subcutaneous insulin injections (MsI I) group of 17 cases. Results When the two groups achieve the target blood glucose results, csI I group required treatment time, and low blood glucose was significantly less than the MSI I (P all ＜0.05). And the use of insulin pump therapy in children with quality of life is superior to conventional injection therapy in children ( P all ＜ 0.05). Conclusions CsI I faster than MsI I can more effectively control high blood glucose, reduce the incidence of low blood glucose, and can improve the quality of life. Key words: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Insulin; Islet; Children; The quality of life
Abstract 15765: Clinical Significance of Submaximal Parameters of Exercise Stress Test in Characterizing Post-Fontan Patients

Background: Fontan patients have diminished exercise capacity relative to healthy peers. Peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) is a useful marker for maximum exercise capacity, though it may not be achiev...
Generalized Canavati g-Fractional Iyengar and Ostrowski Inequalities

We present here generalized Canavati type g-fractional Iyengar and Ostrowski type inequalities. Our inequalities are with respect to all \(L_{p}\) norms: \(1\le p\le \infty \). We finish with applications. See also [6].
Housing Impacts of Hazardous Waste Cleanups

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) manages cleanup of hazardous waste releases at over 3,500 sites across the US, which covers approximately 17.5% of all developed land in the country. This paper evaluates the housing market impacts of cleanups performed under RCRA by estimating the program's impacts on the distribution of housing prices. We find that cleanups near residential properties yield significant, yet localized, increases in home prices, and that impacts are concentrated in lower deciles of the price distribution. We find no evidence of sorting along socio-demographic dimensions in response to cleanup. Our findings suggest that cleanups could correct pre-existing disparities in exposure to contaminated water.
Perturbation of transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 expression alters lipid metabolism in a human liver cell line

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by accumulation of excess lipids in hepatocytes. Genome wide association studies have identified strong association of NAFLD with non-synonymous E167K amino acid mutation in transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) protein. The E167K mutation affects TM6SF2 stability and its carriers display increased hepatic lipids levels and lower serum triglycerides. While similar phenotype is evident in mice with TM6SF2 knockdown, effects of TM6SF2 on hepatic lipid metabolism is not completely understood. Methods: Here, we overexpressed wild-type or E167K variant of TM6SF2 or knocked down TM6SF2 expression in lipid-treated Huh-7 cells and used biochemical assays, untargeted lipidomic analysis, RNAseq transcriptome analysis and high-throughput fluorescent imaging to determine changes in lipid metabolism. Results: Both knockdown and E167K overexpression increased acylglyceride levels which was decreased by wild-type TM6SF2 overexpression. Further, mean intensity of individual lipid droplets was increased by E167K overexpression and knockdown while wild-type TM6SF2 had no effects. We also observed lipid chain remodeling for acylglycerides by TM6SF2 knockdown leading to a relative increase in species with shorter and more saturated side chains. RNA sequencing revealed differential expression of several lipid metabolizing genes, including genes belonging to AKR1 family and lipases, primarily in cells with TM6SF2 knockdown. Conclusion: Taken together, our data shows that overexpression of TM6SF2 gene or its loss-of-function changes hepatic lipid species composition and expression of lipid metabolizing genes. Further, overexpression of E167K variant and TM6SF2 knockdown similarly increased hepatic lipid accumulation and lipid droplets profile further confirming a loss-of-function effect for variant.
Perioperative blood transfusions and survival in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients given multimodality therapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The impact of perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) on outcomes for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients given multimodality therapy (MMT) remains undefined. We sought to evaluate the association of PBT with survival after PDAC resection. METHODS Pancreatectomy patients (July 2011-December 2017) who received MMT were abstracted from a prospective database. Overall survival (OS) was compared by PBT within 30 days, 24 h (24HR-BT), or 24 h until 30 days (Postop-BT). RESULTS Most (76.6%) of 312 MMT patients underwent neoadjuvant therapy (NT). Eighty-nine patients (28.5%) received PBT; 58 (18.6%) 24HR-BT, and 31 (9.9%) Postop-BT. Compared with surgery-first, NT patients received more 24HR-BTs (22.2% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.003) and PBTs overall (32.6% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.004). Overall median OS was 45 months. The association of PBT with shorter median OS appeared limited to first 24-h transfusions (34 months 24HR-BT vs. 48 months Postop-BT vs. 53 months no-PBT, p = 0.009) and was dose-dependent, with a median OS of 52 months for 0 units 24HR-BT, 35 months for 1 unit, and 25 months for ≥2 units (p = 0.004). Independent predictors of OS included node-positivity (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.93, p < 0.001), perineural invasion (HR: 1.64, p = 0.050), postoperative pancreatic fistula (HR: 1.94, p = 0.018), and 24HR-BT (HR: 1.75, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Transfusions given within 24 h are associated with dose-dependent decreases in survival after pancreatectomy for PDAC.
Reulceration and Reoperation Incidence After Isolated Partial Fifth Ray Amputations: A Multicenter Study.

Abstract Ulceration or reulceration is a common complication following partial or total fifth ray amputations. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of reulceration following partial fifth ray amputations. This was a multicenter review of 117 consecutive limbs that underwent partial fifth ray amputations at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centers. Procedures were performed at various levels along the fifth metatarsal. Incidence of postoperative ulceration was evaluated on the ipsilateral foot. We hypothesized there would be an association between location of resection and development of reulceration. Seventy-one of 117 patients (60.7%) experienced repeat ulceration following a partial fifth ray amputation. Median follow-up time was 19 months. There was no statistical difference based on location of amputation (proximal, middle, distal, isolated base) with regards to reulceration (p = .166), further amputation (p = .271), transmetatarsal amputation (p = .160), or below knee amputation (p = .769). There was statistical significance in the follow up time between study sites (p = .013), fifth ray amputation reoperation rate between study sites (p = .001), and reulceration rates between study sites (p = .017). Partial fifth ray amputations can be a good initial salvage procedure to clear infection and prolong bipedal ambulatory status. The results of the present study put forward that there is not an association between location of amputations of the fifth ray and development of reulceration, transfer lesions or more proximal amputations.
The Effect of Remnant Metatarsal Parabola Structure on Transmetatarsal Amputation Primary Healing and Durability.

Abstract Although generally considered to be both a durable and functional procedure for limb preservation, the transmetatarsal amputation has high rates of complication, failure, revisional operation, and progression to more proximal amputation. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of remnant metatarsal parabola structure on healing outcomes following transmetatarsal amputation. A retrospective chart review was performed of subjects undergoing a complete transmetatarsal amputation with primary closure. We considered 4 patterns of remnant metatarsal parabola structure. TMA pattern type 1 was a normal parabola with the remnant 2nd metatarsal extending furthest distally and slightly longer than the remnant first and third metatarsals with a gradual lateral taper. TMA pattern type 2 was the first metatarsal remnant extending furthest distally with a gradual lateral taper. TMA pattern type 3 was a relatively long fifth metatarsal remnant without the presence of a gradual lateral taper. And TMA pattern type 4 was a relatively short first metatarsal remnant with a relatively long second metatarsal with a gradual lateral taper. Seventy-three transmetatarsal amputations in 73 subjects met selection criteria. Thirty-nine (53.4%) amputations healed primarily at 90 days. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups with respect to the 90-day primary healing rate (p=0.571) or 1-year ambulation rate without wound recurrence or reoperation (p=0.811). These results might indicate that the remnant metatarsal structure does not have an effect on transmetatarsal amputation outcome. It is our hope that these results add to the body of knowledge and lead to further investigations into outcomes of limb preservation surgical interventions. Level of Clinical Evidence: 3
Maneuvering Hydrodynamics of Ellipsoidal Forms

The hydrodynamical forces and moments acting on a triaxial ellipsoid moving in an incompressible and inviscid fluid are analyzed. The rigid ellipsoid is allowed to move in the most general manner with time-dependent velocity and six degrees of freedom. The force and moment expressions are obtained by applying the Lagally theorem to the image singularities system representing the body in the presence of exterior disturbances. First, expressions for the Lagally force and moment acting on a maneuvering ellipsoid in an unbounded medium are derived and then these expressions are generalized to include the effect of an exterior source moving in an arbitrary manner. It is also shown how the Lagally expressions for an exterior source can be used to obtain closed-form expressions for the hydrodynamical forces and moments acting on a maneuvering ellipsoid in the presence of an arbitrary exterior disturbance. The analysis, which is based on the application of ellipsoidal harmonics, is demonstrated in a simple case of propeller-hull interaction. Here the motion of the ellipsoid is restricted to the major axis, and the propeller at the stern is represented by an isolated sink in accordance with Dickmann's model. Practical expressions for the thrust-deduction coefficient, wake fraction, and propeller-induced vibration are then derived for ellipsoidal, spheroidal and spherical hulls.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of a Swept-Wing Flow at Subsonic Speeds

The paper reports on an experimental and computational investigation of the flow on a portion of an aircraft swept wing in a wind tunnel at low speeds. The range of angle of attack covered the domain encountered by the aircraft, and the actual outer part of a wing was used for the tests. The experiments included static pressure distributions in the leading-edge region, as well as the rest of the chord; shear-stress measurements in the leadingedge region, obtained with heated film gages; and skin-friction measurements on the main part of the wing, obtained with modified Preston tubes. Velocity profile data across the boundary layer were taken in a smaller region, and some measurements of the turbulence characteristics at a few locations on the main wing were also taken. The pressure distribution was shown to be satisfactorily represented by patching a two-dimensional inviscid method in the leading-edge region and a three-dimensional panel method on the main wing. Starting from this, boundary-layer calculations were performed with Bradshaw's finite-difference program for straighttapered swept wings, where different spanwise stations were calculated separately. The results are encouraging, as the estimated skin-friction magnitude and trends with Reynolds numbers were predicted reasonably well.
Superinfection of Simian Virus 40-Transformed Permissive Cells with Simian Virus 40

Abstract Evidence that the resistance of simian virus (SV40)-transformed permissive cells to superinfection with SV40 is due to lack of virus uptake is presented. When virus uptake is enhanced, the events of infection proceed as in normal permissive cells, resulting in production of infectious virus.
Smartphone-Based Real-Time Digital Signal Processing

Real-time or applied digital signal processing courses are offered as follow-ups to conventional or....
Synthesis of daidzin analogues as potential agents for alcohol abuse.

Daidzin, the active principle of an herbal remedy for 'alcohol addiction', has been shown to reduce alcohol consumption in all laboratory animals tested to date. Correlation studies using structural analogues of daidzin suggests that it acts by raising the monoamine oxidase (MAO)/mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) activity ratio (J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 4169). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on the 7-O-substituted analogues of daidzin have revealed structural features important for ALDH-2 and MAO inhibition (J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 3320). We here evaluated effects of substitutions at 2, 5, 6, 8, 3' and 4' positions of daidzin on its potencies for ALDH-2 and MAO inhibition. Results show that analogues with 4'-substituents that are small, polar and with hydrogen bonding capacities are most potent ALDH-2 inhibitors, whereas those that are non-polar and with electron withdrawing capacities are potent MAO inhibitors. Analogues with a 5-OH group are less potent ALDH-2 inhibitors but are more potent MAO inhibitors. All the 2-, 6-, 8- and 3'-substituted analogues tested so far do not inhibit ALDH-2 and/or have decreased potencies for MAO inhibition. This, together with the results obtained from previous studies, suggests that a potent antidipsotropic analogue would be a 4',7-disubstituted isoflavone. The 4'-substituent should be small, polar, and with hydrogen bonding capacities such as, -OH and -NH(2); whereas the 7-substituent should be a straight-chain alkyl with a terminal polar function such as -(CH(2))(n)-OH with 2 or =4.
Reliable Change Indices and Regression-Based Measures for the Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure Test in Partial Epilepsy Patients

The Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure (ROCF) is commonly used in evaluations of patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. We assessed test–retest performance on ROCF in 30 partial epilepsy patients (mean interval = 33.7 months) to derive reliable change indices (RCIs) and regression-based measures for change. ROCF reproductions were rescored by three raters (IRR Copy: 0.963; Delayed Recall: 0.986). The derived adjusted RC (90% CI) cutoff values for the ROCF Copy were (≤–6.5, ≥8.4) and were (≤–6.8, ≥10.0) for the Delayed Recall. Results from regression-based analyses were negative, using age, education, seizure duration, and age of onset, whereas a baseline score was a significant predictor of a follow-up score. The results provide a means to evaluate long-term outcome in epilepsy patients using the ROCF.
Electrophysiological effects of extracellular ATP on Necturus gallbladder epithelium.

The effects of addition of ATP to the mucosal bathing solution on transepithelial, apical, and basolateral membrane voltages and resistances in Necturus gallbladder epithelium were determined. Mucosal ATP (100 microM) caused a rapid hyperpolarization of both apical (Vmc) and basolateral (Vcs) cell membrane voltages (delta Vm = 18 +/- 1 mV), a fall in transepithelial resistance (Rt) from 142 +/- 8 to 122 +/- 7 omega.cm2, and a decrease in fractional apical membrane resistance (fRa) from 0.93 +/- 0.02 to 0.83 +/- 0.03. The rapid initial hyperpolarization of Vmc and Vcs was followed by a slower depolarization of cell membrane voltages and a lumen-negative change in transepithelial voltage (Vms). This phase also included an additional decrease in fRa. Removal of the ATP caused a further depolarization of membrane voltages followed by a hyperpolarization and then a return to control values. fRa fell to a minimum after removal of ATP and then returned to control values as the cell membrane voltages repolarized. Similar responses could be elicited by ADP but not by adenosine. The results of two-point cable experiments revealed that ATP induced an initial increase in cell membrane conductance followed by a decrease. Transient elevations of mucosal solution [K+] induced a larger depolarization of Vmc and Vcs during exposure to ATP than under control conditions. Reduction of mucosal solution [Cl-] induced a slow hyperpolarization of Vmc and Vcs before exposure to ATP and a rapid depolarization during exposure to ATP. We conclude that ATP4- is the active agent and that it causes a concentration-dependent increase in apical and basolateral membrane K+ permeability. In addition, an apical membrane electrodiffusive Cl- permeability is activated by ATP4-.
Sleep Quality and the Role of Sleep Medications for Veterans with Chronic Pain

California, USA ABSTRACT Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of sleep problems in veterans presenting to a pain clinic, factors that predict likelihood of being prescribed a sleep medication, types of medications prescribed, and the relationships between sleep medication use and sleep quality, pain, and depression. Design/Setting/Patients. Participants were 201 consecutive patients referred to a Veterans Affairs outpatient pain clinic. They were administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multidimen- sional Pain Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory at intake and 2-month follow-up. Sleep and opioid medication prescriptions were also monitored. Results. Pain severity did not predict global sleep quality; global sleep quality was not predictive of pain severity. Greater depression predicted both more severe pain and more sleep impairment. Having previously been prescribed such medications was the only significant predictor of being prescribed a sleep medication at the time of the 2-month assessment. For the 45% of participants on sleep medications, these medications were not associated with any significant change in pain factors or depression. However, sleep medication use was associated with worse global sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency. Opioid prescription was not a significant predictor of sleep factors, pain-related variables, or depression symptoms. Discussion. Results suggest depression may contribute more significantly to sleep problems than pain-related variables in this population. The data suggest the need for controlled, prospective studies of sleep medication to further investigate the impact of sleep medications on sleep compo- nents in patients with chronic pain.
Rapid feedback inhibition of endogenous cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis by exogenous chenodeoxycholic acid in man.

Abstract Chenodeoxycholic acid (300 mg + 14 C) was administered orally to a bile fistula patient receiving a constant infusion of { 3 H}mevalonic acid. Suppression of endogenous cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis occurred within 2 to 4 hours and continued for the next 10 hours; synthesis returned to the baseline level after 18 hours. Incorporation of { 3 H}mevalonic acid into both bile acids was also greatly reduced during the first several hours after chenodeoxycholic acid, but almost recovered by 5 hours. The data suggest that multiple feedback sites are involved in the regulation of bile acid synthesis in man.
Inheritance of Resistance to Influenza Virus in Mice.

SummaryF1, F2, first, second, and third backcross generation mice resulting from crosses of A2G with A, and F1 F2 and first backcross generation mice resulting from crosses of A2G with C3H were challenged with neurotropic influenza A virus, strain NWS. The results were compatible with the hypothesis that a single dominant autosomal allele was responsible for resistance to the virus. The symbol Mx (myxovirus-resistant) is tentatively proposed for the allele involved.
USING A CULTURAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT MODEL TO PLAN CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE READING AND WRITING INSTRUCTION

Cultural identity development has serious implications for the academic achievement and psychological well‐being of culturally diverse and linguistically diverse learners. Given that culture influences students' learning styles, behaviors, and attitudes, we (a) discuss possible causes and effects of culturally unresponsive instructional strategies, (b) provide a rationale for the selection and use of a cultural identity model, (c) describe a five‐stage cultural identity development model that provides insight into some of the issues that culturally and linguistically diverse learners bring to the classroom, and (d) use the cultural identity development model to identify strategies for developing culturally responsive reading and writing instructional methods.
Modeling the Magnitude and Spatial Distribution of Aesthetic Impacts

Timber-harvesting operations, especially clearcutting (that is, harvesting operations where all of the trees in a given area are removed), have been criticized for many reasons, not least of which is their unsightly appearance. Forest managers have recognized this, and have attempted to place clearcuts in locations with limited viewsheds. In order to find such locations, forest managers have made extensive use of standard geographical information system (GIS) viewshed operations. The use of conventional viewshed operations ignores the possibility that the aesthetic impacts of clearcuts might be diminished by the screening effects of intervening vegetation, or the possibility that impacts simply decrease with increasing distance. In this study we found evidence that the aesthetic impacts of clearcuts do in fact diminish in these ways. Photograph transects were performed around ten clearcuts. Each transect produced a series of pictures showing the clearcut from increasing distances into the surrounding fore...
Is interstellar archeology possible

Abstract Searching for signatures of cosmic-scale archeological artifacts such as Dyson spheres is an interesting alternative to conventional radio SETI. Uncovering such an artifact does not require the intentional transmission of a signal on the part of the original civilization. This type of search is called interstellar archeology or sometimes cosmic archeology. A variety of interstellar archeology signatures is discussed including non-natural planetary atmospheric constituents, stellar doping, Dyson spheres, as well as signatures of stellar, and galactic-scale engineering. The concept of a Fermi bubble due to interstellar migration is reviewed in the discussion of galactic signatures. These potential interstellar archeological signatures are classified using the Kardashev scale. A modified Drake equation is introduced. With few exceptions interstellar archeological signatures are clouded and beyond current technological capabilities. However SETI for so-called cultural transmissions and planetary atmosphere signatures are within reach.
Metamaterial Lens of Specifiable Frequency-Dependent Focus and Adjustable Aperture for Electron Cyclotron Emission in the DIII-D Tokamak

Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) of different frequencies originates at different locations in non-uniformly magnetized plasmas. For simultaneous observation of multiple ECE frequencies from the outside edge of a toroidal plasma confinement device (e.g. a tokamak), the focal length of the collecting optics should increase with the frequency to maximize the resolution on a line of sight along the magnetic field gradient. Here we present the design and numerical study of a zoned metamaterial lens with such characteristics, for possible deployment with the 83–130 GHz ECE radiometer in the DIII-D tokamak. The lens consists of a concentric array of miniaturized element phase-shifters. These were reverse-engineered starting from the desired Gaussian beam waist locations and further optimized to account for diffraction and finite-aperture effects that tend to displace the waist. At the same time we imposed high and uniform transmittance, averaged over all phase-shifters. The focal length is shown to increase from 1.32 m to 2.08 m over the frequency range of interest, as desired for low-field DIII-D discharges (B = −1.57 T). Retracting the lens to receded positions rigidly moves the waists accordingly, resulting in a good match—within a fraction of the Rayleigh length—of the EC-emitting layer positions at higher fields (up to B= −2.00 T). Further, it is shown how varying the lens aperture might move the waists “non-rigidly” to better match the non-rigid movement of the EC-emitting layers with the magnetic field. The numerical method presented is very general and can be used to engineer any dependence of the focal length on the frequency, including zero or minimal chromatic aberration.
A Routing Algorithm Using the Nearest Neighbor Concept: Comment

Hallberg and Kriebel have demonstrated that utilization of the nearest neighbor concept may save unnecessary backtracking and will minimize distance traveled in servicing product delivery or assembly routes. The Hallberg-Kriebel illustration of an optimum route included one unit of backtracking travel, however, and required sixteen units of travel to service fourteen customers (their fig. 2). For cases of this kind in which management can influence the layout of the territories to be covered, it easily can be demonstrated that routes can be designed so that nearest neighbor servicing results in no backtracking. All that is required is that the rectangular grid to be serviced have an odd number of blocks in at least one direction. Under the customer location conditions assumed by Hallberg and Kriebel, the number of units of travel will be one greater than the number of customers serviced, if the grid has at least one dimension in which the number of blocks is odd. An optimum route for a grid two blocks in one direction and five blocks in the other direction is illustrated, figure 1. Note that the warehouse could be located at any intersection on the grid without affecting the distance to be traveled. Placing the warehouse at a corner of the grid would permit servicing four similar territories from one warehouse with no backtracking on any route. Grids with an even number of blocks in both directions will require backtracking irrespective of the location of the warehouse. Under the Hallberg-Kriebel assumption as to customer location, an optimum route of travel results in one unit of backtracking on a grid with an even number of blocks in both directions and no backtracking on a grid with an odd number of blocks in at least one direction. For an optimum route, the number of units of travel will be one greater than the number of customers serviced, if the grid has an odd number of blocks in one direction; it will be two greater than the number of customers serviced, if the grid has an even number of blocks in both directions.
The CD300a (IRp60) inhibitory receptor is rapidly up-regulated on human neutrophils in response to inflammatory stimuli and modulates CD32a (FcγRIIa) mediated signaling

Abstract To achieve an adequate response, cells of the immune system must be tightly regulated to avoid hypo or hyper responsiveness. One of the mechanisms used by the immune system to avoid excessive inflammation is the modulation of the response through inhibitory receptors containing immunoreceptor tyrosine based inhibitory motifs (ITIM). Here, we show that human neutrophils from peripheral blood express the ITIM containing CD300a (also known as IRp60 and CMRF-35H) receptor. By using the HL-60 differentiation model, we show that the expression of CD300a receptor is developmentally regulated. Stimulation of human neutrophils with LPS and GM-CSF increased the cell surface expression of CD300a as a result of the rapid translocation of an intracellular pool of the receptor to the cell surface. Co-ligation of CD300a with the immunoreceptor tyrosine based activating motif (ITAM) containing CD32a (FcγRIIa) activation receptor inhibited CD32a mediated signalling; whereas, it did not inhibit toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Therefore, at least for human neutrophils, the inhibitory signals mediated by the CD300a receptor may be selective in their action.
An Optimization Framework for Product Design

An important problem in the product design and development process is to use the part-worths preferences of potential customers to design a new product such that market share is maximized. The authors present a new optimization framework for this problem, the nested partitions (NP) method. This method is globally convergent and may utilize existing heuristic methods to speed its convergence. We incorporate several known heuristics into this framework and demonstrate through numerical experiments that using the NP method results in superior product designs. Our numerical results suggest that the new framework is particularly useful for designing complex products with many attributes.