cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting the risk of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension: a longitudinal, cohort study in an urban hypertension referral clinic.

Abstract Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) is associated with higher prevalence of secondary hypertension, greater risk for adverse pressure-related clinical outcomes, and influences diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making. We previously showed that cross-sectional prevalence estimates of aTRH are lower than its true prevalence as patients with uncontrolled hypertension undergoing intensification/optimization of therapy will, over time, increasingly satisfy diagnostic criteria for aTRH. aTRH was assessed in an urban referral hypertension clinic using a 140/90 mm Hg goal blood pressure target in 745 patients with uncontrolled blood pressure, who were predominately African-American (86%) and female (65%). Analyses were stratified according to existing prescription of diuretic at initial visit. Risk for aTRH was estimated using logistic regression with patient characteristics at index visit as predictors. Among those prescribed diuretics, 84/363 developed aTRH; the risk score discriminated well (area under the receiver operating curve = 0.77, bootstrapped 95% CI [0.71, 0.81]). In patients not prescribed a diuretic, 44/382 developed aTRH, and the risk score showed a significantly better discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating curve = 0.82 [0.76, 0.87]; P
Label-free detection of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using long-period fiber gratings with functional polyelectrolyte coatings.

Abstract Highly sensitive long-period fiber gratings (LPFG) was developed for label-free and rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Specifically, the LPFG was functionalized with antibody and nanopitted polyelectrolyte coatings to facilitate bacterial adhesion and thus enhance the sensitivity of bacteria detection. The kinetics of S. aureus adhesion on functional coatings were tracked by surface morphology evolution and time-resolved resonance wavelength shift of the coated LPFG at a flow rate of 30 μl/ml and 37 °C in the concentration range of 104–108 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml. S. aureus detection at concentrations as low as 224 CFU/ml can be achieved within a short time span of 30 min. The LPFG-based biosensor can be readily adapted to a variety of biophotonic platforms, for applications such as food safety inspection, environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and medical applications.
Combining Nonclinical Determinants of Health and Clinical Data for Research and Evaluation: Rapid Review.

Background: Nonclinical determinants of health are of increasing importance to health care delivery and health policy. Concurrent with growing interest in better addressing patients’ nonmedical issues is the exponential growth in availability of data sources that provide insight into these nonclinical determinants of health. Objective: This review aimed to characterize the state of the existing literature on the use of nonclinical health indicators in conjunction with clinical data sources. Methods: We conducted a rapid review of articles and relevant agency publications published in English. Eligible studies described the effect of, the methods for, or the need for combining nonclinical data with clinical data and were published in the United States between January 2010 and April 2018. Additional reports were obtained by manual searching. Records were screened for inclusion in 2 rounds by 4 trained reviewers with interrater reliability checks. From each article, we abstracted the measures, data sources, and level of measurement (individual or aggregate) for each nonclinical determinant of health reported. Results: A total of 178 articles were included in the review. The articles collectively reported on 744 different nonclinical determinants of health measures. Measures related to socioeconomic status and material conditions were most prevalent (included in 90% of articles), followed by the closely related domain of social circumstances (included in 25% of articles), reflecting the widespread availability and use of standard demographic measures such as household income, marital status, education, race, and ethnicity in public health surveillance. Measures related to health-related behaviors (eg, smoking, diet, tobacco, and substance abuse), the built environment (eg, transportation, sidewalks, and buildings), natural environment (eg, air quality and pollution), and health services and conditions (eg, provider of care supply, utilization, and disease prevalence) were less common, whereas measures related to public policies were rare. When combining nonclinical and clinical data, a majority of studies associated aggregate, area-level nonclinical measures with individual-level clinical data by matching geographical location. Conclusions: A variety of nonclinical determinants of health measures have been widely but unevenly used in conjunction with clinical data to support population health research.
Qualitative and Quantitative Method Integration in Diabetes Communication Research: Applications and Contributions:

This article is a systematic methodological literature review with the goal of understanding how and why health communication researchers are using mixed methods research (MMR) to better understand interpersonal communication between diabetes patients, their loved ones, and health care professionals. First, we provide a brief overview of MMR, followed by a discussion of the appropriateness of using MMR in health research. We then explain our search procedures for identifying MMR studies about interpersonal diabetes communication and describe our analysis of the identified studies. We then offer a brief, quantitative summary of our findings and provide details of exemplar studies to illustrate the unique value added by using MMR. We conclude the article with a discussion of implications and recommendations for the use of MMR in diabetes communication research.
Applying Theory to Practice: Implementing a Live Case Competition in a Capstone Strategic Management Course:

When facilitating large-scale instructional change, leaders face stakeholder tensions that arise from different institutional pressures. Over the past 4 years, we have created an innovative live ca...
Serial Casting in Neuromuscular and Syndromic Early-onset Scoliosis (EOS) Can Delay Surgery Over 2 Years.

Background The primary goal in managing early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is delaying/preventing surgical intervention while allowing improved spinal growth and chest wall and lung development to improve life expectancy. The effectiveness of serial casting for patients with neuromuscular and syndromic EOS is unclear. Methods Patients from 2 multicenter registries who underwent serial casting for nonidiopathic scoliosis (NIS) were reviewed retrospectively. Comparisons were made between precasting and postcasting major and compensatory curves and spine height. The need for surgical intervention and any treatment complications were documented. Risk factors for major curve progression from baseline to casting cessation were evaluated via univariate analysis. Results Forty-four patients (23 females; 21 males) with NIS (26 syndromic, 18 neuromuscular) and a mean age of 3.2 years at baseline were included. Mean follow-up and casting duration was 3.9 and 2.0 years, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between mean precasting and postcasting major curve (55 vs. 60 degrees; P=0.348), minor curve (31 vs. 33 degrees; P=0.510), or rib-vertebra angle difference (18 vs. 29 degrees; P=0.840). However, thoracic height (15.5 vs. 16.8 cm; P=0.031) and lumbar height (8.9 vs. 9.8 cm; P=0.013) were significantly greater upon casting cessation. Currently, 13 patients (30%) have had successful casting (improvement of major curve ≥10 degrees) while 24 patients (55%) experienced major curve progression (worsening), and 19 patients (43%) required surgical intervention. Mean time from first casting to surgery was 34.5±15.1 months. There were no statistically significant predictors for major curve progression on univariate analysis. Conclusions Spinal deformity progression despite casting and the subsequent need for surgical intervention for NIS were significantly higher compared with those reported for idiopathic EOS. However, serial casting did afford a substantial delay in surgical intervention. Ultimately, serial casting for neuromuscular or syndromic EOS is an effective strategy for delaying surgical intervention, despite suboptimal radiographic outcomes. Level of evidence Level III.
Infrastructure for Continuous Assessment of Retained Relevant Knowledge

An important part of maintaining and continuously improving programs is assessing student objectives to evaluate the impact of change. This paper reviews an infrastructure that was designed to give continuous periodic direct measurements of retained relevant knowledge throughout a computer science and computer engineering baccalaureate curriculum. This infrastructure is designed to give immediate feedback to students and instructors as well as long-term assessment of program health. Additionally, due to the continuous nature of the assessment, its deployment is designed to avoid undue burden in deployment.
Observational study of anaesthesia workflow to evaluate physical workspace design and layout

Abstract Background The safety and efficiency of anaesthesia care depend on the design of the physical workspace. However, little is known about the influence that workspace design has on the ability to perform complex operating theatre (OT) work. The aim of this study was to observe the relationship between task switching and physical layout, and then use the data collected to design and assess different anaesthesia workspace layouts. Methods In this observational study, six videos of anaesthesia providers were analysed from a single centre in the United States. A task analysis of workflow during the maintenance phase of anaesthesia was performed by categorising tasks. The data supported evaluations of alternative workspace designs. Results An anaesthesia provider's time was occupied primarily by three tasks: patient (mean: 30.0% of total maintenance duration), electronic medical record (26.6%), and visual display tasks (18.6%). The mean time between task switches was 6.39 s. With the current workspace layout, the anaesthesia provider was centred toward the patient for approximately half of the maintenance duration. Evaluating the alternative layout designs showed how equipment arrangements could improve task switching and increase the provider's focus towards the patient and visual displays. Conclusions Our study showed that current operating theatre layouts do not fit work demands. We report a simple method that facilitates a quick layout design assessment and showed that the anaesthesia workspace can be improved to better suit workflow and patient care. Overall, this arrangement could reduce anaesthesia workload while improving task flow efficiency and potentially the safety of care.
Graduating With Honors in Resilience: Creating a Whole New Doctor.

BackgroundAlthough coaching programs have become a prominent piece of graduate medical education, they have yet to become an integral part of undergraduate medical education. A handful of medical s...
Radical philicity and its role in selective organic transformations

Radical intermediates in organic chemistry lack a full octet of electrons and, thus, are commonly said to be electron deficient. By denotation, such a statement is technically correct; however, in modern literature, the term ‘electron deficient’ carries a connotation of electrophilicity. This lexical quirk leads one to predict that all radicals should behave as electrophiles, when this is not the case. Indeed, practitioners of radical chemistry have known for decades that many radicals behave as nucleophiles, sometimes strongly so. This Review aims to establish guidelines for understanding radical philicity by highlighting examples from recent literature as a demonstration of general reactivity paradigms across a series of different carbon-based and heteroatom-based radicals. We present strategies for predicting the philicity of a given radical on the basis of qualitative features of the radical’s structure. Finally, we discuss the implications of radical philicity to selective hydrogen atom transfer. Radical philicity — the ability of a radical to act as a nucleophile or an electrophile — is an important, yet often poorly understood, concept. In this Review, we present a qualitative method to understand and predict radical philicity by classifying the typical reactivity of more than 30 types of radicals into nucleophilic or electrophilic behaviour.
Supporting the implementation of guidelines to prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HIV in Malawi: a multi-case study

BackgroundHigh HIV infection and fertility rates contributed to over 12,000 children acquiring HIV from their mothers in 2011 in Malawi. To prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, Malawi adopted the Option B+ guidelines, and for three years, the University of North Carolina (UNC) Project provided support to strengthen guideline implementation in 134 health centres. Little is known about how implementation support strategies are delivered in low resource countries or contextual factors that may influence their delivery. The limited descriptions of support strategies and salient contextual factors limits efforts to replicate, target, and further refine strategies. Guided by the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation, this study describes factors influencing implementation of support strategies and how they impacted health center staff capacity to implement Option B+ in Malawi. MethodsA qualitative multi-case study design was applied. Data were collected through site visits to 4 heath centres (2 low- and 2-high performing centres). We interviewed 18 support providers and recipients between October 2014 and October 2015. Data were analysed using content, thematic, and cross-case analysis.ResultsFour categories of strategies were used to support Option B+ guidelines implementation: training, technical assistance (TA), tools, and resources. All heath-centres implemented Option B+ guidelines for care provided between the antenatal and labor and delivery periods. Gaps in Option B+ implementation occurred during community activities and during post-delivery care, including gaps in testing of children to ascertain their HIV status at 6 weeks, 12 months, and 24 months. Salient contextual factors included staffing shortages, transportation challenges, limited space and infrastructure, limited stocks of HIV testing kits, and large patient populations.ConclusionsUnderstanding factors that influence implementation support strategies and delivery of the Option B+ guidelines, such as availability of staff and other materials/drug resources, is critical to designing effective implementation support for low resource settings.
Large Scale Structural Optimization with Nonlinear Goal Programming

Traditional optimization models require the formulation of a single objective function. While many problems can be modeled in this form, many real situations involve not only multiple objectives but also multiple, conflicting objectives. In this paper a multiple objective goal structural optimization approach is presented using a nonlinear goal programming technique. To demonstrate the approach, the formulation and solution of some truss problems using nonlinear goal programming are presented.
An expert knowledge-guided mutation operator for genome-wide genetic analysis using genetic programming

Human genetics is undergoing a data explosion. Methods are available to measure DNA sequence variation throughout the human genome. Given current knowledge it seems likely that common human diseases are best predicted by interactions between biological components, which can be examined as interacting DNA sequence variations. The challenge is thus to examine these high-dimensional datasets to identify combinations of variations likely to predict common diseases. The goal of this paper was to develop and evaluate a genetic programming (GP) mutator suited to this task by exploiting expert knowledge in the form of Tuned ReliefF (TuRF) scores during mutation. We show that using expert knowledge guided mutation performs similarly to expert knowledge guided selection. This study demonstrates that in the context of an expert knowledge aware GP, mutation may be an appropriate component of the GP used to search for interacting predictors in this domain.
A solid phase-fragment approach to peptide synthesis. The application of a t-alkyloxycarbonylhydrazide resin and a t-alkyl alcohol resin.

The t-alkyloxycarbonylhydrazide-resin, H2NNHCOOC(CH3)2CH2CH2-copolystyrene-divinylbenzene, was applied to the solid phase synthesis of a protected decapeptide hydrazide, Z-Ala-Val-Ser(Bzl)-Ile-GIn-Phe-Met(O)-Asn-Leu-NHNH2, and the t-alkyl alcohol-resin, HO-C(CH3)2CH2CH2-copolystyrene-divinylbenzene, was applied to the synthesis of Z-Lys(Z)-Phe-Phe-Gly-OH. The protected tetrapeptide was coupled to H-Leu-Met-OCH3by a fragment condensation in solution to give the protected hexapeptide, which was converted by ammonolysis and deprotection with hot trifluoroacetic acid to the active analog of eledoisin, H-Lys-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2
The dilemma of Crohn's disease: ileoduodenal fistula complicating Crohn's disease.

Between 1965 and 1975, 27 patients underwent surgical treatment for ileosigmoidal fistulas complicating Crohn's disease at the Cleveland Clinic. There was no death and no anastomotic leak. The preferred procedure is resection of the ileocecal area involved by Crohn's disease with ileocolic anastomosis and a separate segmental resection of the sigmoid colon with colocolic anastomosis. A covering temporary loop ileostomy is used when there is associated pelvic sepsis or small-bowel obstruction.
With the eyes of the mind: Autoscopic phenomena in the hospital setting

Autoscopy is a rare syndrome in which a person hallucinates a vision of himself, while retaining insight into the unreality of the phenomenon. Although a number of illnesses are associated with autoscopy, the most common causes are stress and fatigue. The medical, psychiatric, literary, and historical contributions to the understanding of autoscopy are reviewed and three recent cases presented. It is emphasized that illness, injury, and hospitalization are important precipitants of the syndrome, particularly in persons with highly developed visual memories.
Can PRP effectively treat injured tendons

PRP is widely used to treat tendon and other tissue injuries in orthopaedics and sports medicine; however, the efficacy of PRP treatment on injured tendons is highly controversial. In this commentary, I reason that there are many PRP- and patient-related factors that influence the outcomes of PRP treatment on injured tendons. Therefore, more basic science studies are needed to understand the mechanism of PRP on injured tendons. Finally, I suggest that better understanding of the PRP action mechanism will lead to better use of PRP for the effective treatment of tendon injuries in clinics.
Alpha Particle Induced X‐ray Emission in the Classroom

We report on an experimental demonstration in an introductory modern physics course to elucidate the X‐ray line spectra, and how they arise from transitions of electrons to inner shells. We seek to determine the effect of limited use of an interactive component as a supplement to a traditional lecture, and how it would improve the student achievement. In this preliminary study the students were exposed to traditional lectures on X‐ray production and Bohr’s model, they then were given a homework on the abc of X‐ray spectra, after which they were given a pre‐test on the materials, followed by an in‐class demonstration, and a final post‐exam. The gain, as measured from pre‐ to post‐exams appears to remark the differences in how students approached the subject before and after the use of the demonstration. This initial study shows the validity of in‐class demonstrations as teaching tools and opens a wide new area of research in modern physics teaching.
Global cognitive function before, surrounding, and after ischemic stroke: the role of risk and protective factors varies with time among ischemic stroke survivors.

An estimated 65% of individuals demonstrate multidomain cognitive impairment poststroke, although little is known about the varying role of cognitive risk and protective factors in preischemic, peri-ischemic, and postischemic stroke phases. Longitudinal changes in global cognitive function after ischemic stroke are not well characterized, especially in older adults over age 80. We examined global cognitive function trajectories in these three phases across a mean follow-up of 8.12 (2.30) years in 159 female stroke survivors aged 65-79 at baseline using linear mixed models with change points. In separate models controlling for demographic variables, we tested the interaction of baseline risk and protective factors with stroke phase on global cognitive function. None of the prestroke global cognitive function means or trajectories differed significantly. At the time of ischemic stroke, higher body mass index (BMI), the presence of hypertension (HTN), low optimism, and higher physical function were all associated with significantly greater mean decreases in global cognition (all p's 0.05). Higher BMI, the presence of HTN, low optimism, and higher physical function were in turn protective of global cognitive decline postischemic stroke (all contrasting p values <.01). Baseline factors may play either a risk or a protective role in global cognitive function depending on the phase of ischemic stroke.
Metabolic changes during phosphate deprivation in Englena in air and in oxygen

1. Euglena cells were grown in culture media containing either 20mm-phosphate or 20μm-phosphate, with ethanol or glucose as the sole source of carbon, and gassed with either air+carbon dioxide (95:5) or oxygen+carbon dioxide (95:5) at atmospheric pressure. 2. After growth in low-phosphate medium with ethanol as substrate, the cells developed signs of oxygen toxicity, as indicated by a decreased rate of respiration, a decreased net synthesis of paramylum and a failure to resume growth on replenishment of phosphate. 3. After growth in low-phosphate medium with glucose as substrate, the signs of oxygen toxicity were less apparent. 4. During phosphate deprivation the carotenoid content of Euglena increased more than threefold. This increase was largely prevented by exposure of the cells to oxygen+carbon dioxide (95:5) during growth. Oxygenation appears to interfere with ring closure of the common carotenoid precursor. 5. Mitochondria obtained from Euglena exposed to oxygen during phosphate deprivation, i.e. when signs of oxygen toxicity were evident, had greatly decreased activities of succinate dehydrogenase, succinate–cytochrome c oxidoreductase and NADH–cytochrome c oxidoreductase, compared with mitochondria obtained from Euglena exposed to oxygen in medium containing 20mm-phosphate.
Multidimensional stability of planar travelling waves

The multidimensional stability of planar travelling waves for systems of reaction-diffusion equations is considered in the case that the diffusion matrix is the identity. It is shown that if the wave is exponentially orbitally stable in one space dimension, then it is stable for x ∈ Rn, n ≥ 2. Furthermore, it is shown that the perturbation of the wave decays like t−(n−1)/4 as t→∞. The result is proved via an application of linear semigroup theory.
Optimization of Gibbs priors based on object size and contrast for maximum a posteriori reconstruction in SPECT

An attempt is made to determine how Gibbs priors can be designed to optimize the reconstruction of objects of specific sizes and contrasts using a MAP-EM (maximum a posteriori, expectation maximization) algorithm. Two-dimensional parallel projection datasets were realistically simulated for phantoms with various object sizes and contrasts. The resulting datasets were reconstructed using a MAP-EM algorithm with a Gibbs prior whose potential function is determined by a set of parameters. Analysis of the contrast and root-mean-squared-errors (RMSEs) of reconstructed objects revealed a tradeoff between noise reduction and contrast for the MAP-EM approach. It is found that the Gibbs priors can be designed to reduce noise and maintain edge sharpness, as compared to ML-EM (maximum-likelihood, EM), only for certain high-contrast objects, but that such priors may smooth over low-contrast objects. Methods for designing priors to optimize the reconstruction of high- or low-contrast objects are demonstrated. It is concluded that MAP-EM significantly reduces noise at the price of some object contrast and that Gibbs priors should be chosen carefully to avoid smoothing out important small and/or low-contrast objects. >
Importance of Concrete Temperature Control During Concrete Pavement Construction in Hot Weather Conditions

The development of high concrete temperatures could cause a number of effects that have been shown to be detrimental to long-term concrete performance. High concrete temperatures increase the rate of hydration, thermal stresses, the tendency for drying shrinkage cracking, and permeability and decrease long-term concrete strengths and durability as a result of cracking. Data from the Texas Rigid Pavement database were analyzed to reveal whether there are increased numbers of failures as the air temperature at placement increases. It was shown that this was the case for both major coarse aggregate types: limestone and siliceous river gravel. The results of the analysis emphasize the importance of concrete temperature control during concrete pavement construction in hot weather conditions. Most states specify a maximum concrete temperature at placement to mitigate the detrimental effects of placement during hot weather. The specified limit remains the same irrespective of the type of mineral or chemical admixtures used. To produce specifications that encourage contractor innovation and the use of improved materials, modern specifications should account for these materials to ensure improved concrete performance under all placement conditions. To provide improved performance for sections paved under hot weather conditions, it is proposed that the continuously reinforced concrete pavement reinforcement standards be redesigned to provide steel quantities for specific use during hot weather conditions and that an end-result specification that limits the maximum in-place concrete temperature during hydration be implemented.
Are you positive

When someone says "design evaluation," what comes to your mind? I'll bet that, like me, you probably think first of the process of identifying a design's flaws and inadequacies. David Gilmore and Aaron Sklar think otherwise. Calling on us to take inspiration from a recent movement in psychology, David and Aaron urge the usability profession to adopt a positive attitude, to enlarge our focus from problem sniffing to a broader scope that includes appreciating design goodness where it already exists.---Elizabeth Buie
The hormetic morphogen theory of curvature and the morphogenesis and pathology of tubular and other curved structures

In vitro, morphogens such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β can up-and down-regulate cell growth at low and high concentrations respectively, i.e. they behave like hormetic agents. The hormetic morphogen theory of curvature proposes that in vivo tissue gradients of such morphogens secreted by source cells determine the fate of cells within their gradient fields (field cells) and that morphogen-induced amplitude modulation of field cell mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation controls field cell growth along the morphogen gradients: At the high concentration end of gradients, field cell ATP generation and field cell growth is reduced. With declining concentrations along the rest of the gradients field cell ATP and growth is progressively less reduced until an equidyne point is reached, beyond which ATP generation and growth gradually increases. Thus, the differential growth rates along the gradients curve the tissue. Apoptosis at very high morphogen concentrations enables lumen and cavity formation of tubular, spherical, cystic, domed, and other curved biological structures. The morphogen concentration, the gradient slope and the hormesis responses of field cells determine the curvature of such structures during developmental morphogenesis, tissue remodeling and repair of injury. Aberrant hormetic morphogen signaling is associated with developmental abnormalities, vascular diseases, and tumor formation.
Shock-interaction-induced heat transfer to the orbiter wing lower surface

Flight-derived aerodynamic heat-transfer data for the Shuttle Orbiter wing lower surface, from STS-2, -3, and -5, are presented and compared with both ground-based experimental results and state-of-the-art computational flowfield results for a nominal angle of attack of 40 deg. The flight data clearly show the development of the interference heat-transfer region on the wing lower surface resulting from the downstream effects of the bowshock/wing-shock interaction. The location of the interference heating region is well correlated with a region of minimum static enthalpy near the boundary-layer edge as predicted by a three-dimensional, inviscid flowfield computation. The magnitude of the interference heat transfer is no greater than the undisturbed laminar heat transfer occurring during the "peak aerodynamic heating" portion of re-entry.
Transition from ciliary to flapping mode in a swimming mollusc: flapping flight as a bifurcation in ${\hbox{\it Re}}_\omega$

From observations of swimming of the shell-less pteropod mollusc Clione antarctica we compare swimming velocities achieved by the organism using ciliated surfaces alone with velocities achieved by the same organism using a pair of flapping wings. Flapping dominates locomotion above a swimming Reynolds number Re in the range 5-20. We test the hypothesis that Re 5-20 marks the onset of 'flapping flight' in these organisms. We consider the proposition that forward, reciprocal flapping flight is impossible for locomoting organisms whose motion is fully determined by a body length L and a frequency w below some finite critical value of the Reynolds number Re ω = ωL 2 /ν. For a self-similar family of body shapes, the critical Reynolds number should depend only upon the geometry of the body and the cyclic movement used to locomote. We give evidence of such a critical Reynolds number in our data, and study the bifurcation in several simplified theoretical models. We argue further that this bifurcation marks the departure of natural locomotion from the low Reynolds number or Stokesian realm and its entry into the high Reynolds number or Eulerian realm
Targeting Common Factors Across Anxiety and Depression Using the Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents

Clinical approaches to mood and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents have historically been confined to either diagnosis- [e.g., for obsessive–compulsive disorder vs. generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), etc.] or domain-specific (e.g., for anxiety disorders vs. depressive disorders) treatments. However, as conceptualizations of mental illness shift towards a more dimensional model [e.g., the recent Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) from the National Institutes of Health], transdiagnostic treatments, such as the unified protocol for the treatment of emotional disorders in adolescents (UP-A; Ehrenreich et al. in Child Fam Behav Ther 31(1):20–37, 2008), are gaining support in the empirical literature. This paper reviews the common treatment targets across three emotional disorders commonly found in adolescence: GAD, social anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder. In particular, similarities and differences across potential treatment mechanisms, including cognitive and information processing deficits, problem-solving difficulties, and avoidance strategies are examined. Finally, the case of 17-year-old “Andrea” is presented to demonstrate how transdiagnostic approaches like the UP-A can be effective in treating a range of emotional disorders in youth.
Properties of a folate binding protein (FBP) isolated from porcine kidney

Abstract A specific high-affinity folate binding protein (FBP) that binds folic acid and folic acid derivatives and that was previously identified in porcine kidney has been purified 50,000-fold using the technique of affinity chromatography. The FBP had a molecular weight of 38,500 daltons and did not appear to aggregate in solution, as has been reported to be the case with folate binding protein from milk. At pH7.6, the K a , was at least 5 × 10 12 M −1 . At pH values greater than 9.5 or less than 5, the binding dramatically decreased. The specificity was determined by an isotopic dilution technique using [ 3 H]folic add and folic acid analogs and derivatives. The FBP reacted more rapidly with unsubstituted folates, and the number of glutamic acid moieties (N ⩾ 1) did not influence binding. Binding of folic acid to the FBP was unaffected by a variety of anions and cations, and 8 M urea, but was disrupted by 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Proteolytic enzymes irreversibly destroyed binding affinity, but RNase, DNase, phospholipase and neuraminidase had no effect.
Federated Search: Solution or Setback for Online Library Services

Through the perspectives of more than 30 authors of 21 articles, this work attempts to present a balanced view of federated searching and its effects on the library world and the library user. The ...
ECAES, SaberPro, and the History of Economic Thought at EAFIT

This article studies implications of the recent redesign of the "Economic Analysis" module of the standardized test formerly known as ECAES, lately redsignated SaberPro. Its main concern is with the implications to the curriculum at the Universidad EAFIT – more specifically, with the adequacy of the history of economic thought (h.e.t.) part of the curriculum as preparation for the test and for other purposes. The sources of information for the article include conversations and correspondence with the academic and administrative leadership of the EAFIT Escuela de Economia y Finanzas and Departmento de Economia. They also include h.e.t. course syllabi from the Universidad EAFIT and, by way of comparison, from the Universidad de los Andes, the Universidad de Antioquia, and elsewhere; documents regarding the objectives and format of the ECAES economics exam obtained from the ICFES and AFADECO websites; and data for exam results over the period 2006 to 2009 obtained from ICFES.
A survey of antecedents of attitudes toward science

Relationships among attitudes of students toward science, as measured by the WASP (Wareing Attitudes Toward Science Protocol), perceived antecedents of such attitudes, and class achievement or performance indicated by reported grades were investigated for a survey sample of 1,740 students in 87 high school science classes from five communities. Additionally, students' self-reported number of tests administered in a given course, perceived rewards, degree of stress, and internal structure of the course were examined as potential predictor variables. Results indicate a significant correspondence between report card grades, degree of structure, degree of stress, gender, degree of rewards, number of tests, and students' attitudes toward science.
Video Imaging System For Microscopy: Technical Aspects

In order to quantitatively study cellular and nuclear properties, we have assembled a low cost video/microscope densitometric system. The system consists of a conventional light microscope coupled to a low light level TV camera whose output is sequentially processed by two microcomputers, one for image acquisition and one for data analysis. The system allows us to a) acquire and store microscope images, b) make spatial measurements such as size and shape, and c) make grayness measurements needed to compute optical density and texture descriptors. Despite the inherent limitations of a video micrometry system (e.g. poor signal-to-noise ratio, automatic gain compensations, etc.) we have been able to collect reproducible data with satisfactory accuracies.
Apolipoproteins B, C-III and E in two major subpopulations of low-density lipoproteins.

Abstract To determine the concentration and distribution of apolipoproteins C-III and E in low density lipoproteins (LDL) of d 1.025–1.043 g/ml, fresh human plasma was fractionated by single-spin density gradient ultracentrifugation into five layers. Two major subpopulations including layer 2 (d 1.025–1.029 g/ml) and layer 3 (d 1.032–1.043 g/ml) were isolated and characterized by determination of flotation coefficient, neutral lipids and apolipoproteins B, C-III and E. The apolipoprotein B /C-III/ E ratio of layer 2 was 100 (3.3 ± 2.0)(5.1 ± 2.9) (wt/wt) and that of layer 3 was 100 (0.61 ± 0.32)(0.58 ± 0.29) (wt/wt). These weight ratios corresponded to molar ratios of 1.0 (1.90 ± 1.16)(0.74 ± 0.42) and 1.0 (0.34 ± 0.18)/(0.08 ± 0.04), respectively. Layer 2 contained 6–23% of the total plasma apolipoprotein B or 7–27% of total LDL2 (d 1.019-1.063 g/ml) apolipoprotein B. Layer 3 contained 41–65% of plasma apolipoprotein B or 62–86% of LDL2 apolipoprotein B. About 5–17% of apolipoprotein C-III and 8–30% of apolipoprotein E in plasma are distributed in layers 2 and 3 with the majority present in layer 2. These results show an evident apolipoprotein heterogeneity of LDL2 isolated from normolipidemic subjects. Moreover, they show that the relatively small amounts of apolipoprotein C-III and apolipoprotein E in lower-density segments of LDL2 take on a greater significance when presented in molar rather than weight concentrations. The existence of different ratios of apolipoprotein C-III/apolipoprotein E in layer 2 and layer 3 suggest the presence in LDL2 of varying amounts of several discrete apolipoprotein B- and/or apolipoprotein C-III- and apolipoprotein E-containing lipoprotein particles.
Rotational and vibration constants of CO

Abstract The spectrum of CO has been observed using a heated absorption tube. J values up to 48 for the 2-0 band and up to ∼35 for the 3-1 and 4-2 bands were measured. Using previous measurements of the 2-0 band and the results of microwave determinations a set of rotation-vibration constants was deduced. The vibrational constants in vacuum wave numbers are: W e = 2169.8232, W e X e = -13.2932, W e Y e = 0.01144. The rotational constants are: B0 = 1.922 521, D0 = −6.1193 × 10−6, H0 = 5.8 × 10−12, αe = −0.017507, βe = 1.0 × 10−9, γe = 1.0 × 10−6. Calculated values for lines in the 5-3, 6-4, and 7-5 bands agree within experimental error with the results of measurement of lines in the solar spectrum.
Periprosthetic Knee Infections Treated with Irrigation and Debridement: Outcomes and Preoperative Predictive Factors

Abstract The role of irrigation and debridement (I&D) in the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) of the knee remains controversial. Our purpose was to identify the success rate and factors determining outcome of I&D in those patients. Clinical characteristics of 78 patients with PJI of the knee treated with I&D were retrospectively reviewed. Implant retention at final follow-up was achieved in 43 patients (55.1%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that duration of symptoms > 5 days and thyroid disease were independent predictors of I&D failure. Patients with methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections had a success rate of 45.5% and significantly lower odds of success compared to patients with negative cultures. In selected patients, I&D is a reasonable option in the context of acute PJI of the knee.
Treatment of Movement Disorder Emergencies

Movement disorder emergencies are defined as clinical scenarios where a movement disorder develops over hours to days, and in which morbidity and even mortality can result from failure to appropriately diagnose and manage the patient. The last decade has seen increasing recognition of various movement disorder emergencies, including acute parkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, respiratory compromise in multiple system atrophy, dystonic storm, oculogyric crisis, and hemiballism, among others. This article will review the major movement disorder emergencies encountered in the hospital and office, emphasizing practical management and treatment.
Malformations of Cortical Development

The advent of high resolution MRI techniques has revolutionized the imaging of cortical malformations. Today, specific gene defects have been identified to be responsible for several of the developmental cortical malformations. In this article we have discussed the developmental cortical malformations under stages of proliferation, migration and organization. The relevant molecular genetics and its relationship to the cortical defects are also outlined. Neuroimaging features and relevant etio-pathogenesis of various cortical malformations are discussed in detail.
Product Family Design Through Customer Perceived Utility

Even though functional characteristics and various forms can be measured directly and objectively, many designers and engineers still fail to clearly evaluate product criteria due to consumers’ subjective inputs, which change over time. To appropriately evaluate product criteria, an effective design decision making analysis is required. In this study, we propose a methodology to assure this harmony using a mobile phone product family design scenario. Customer perceived utility of design features are first gathered using a questionnaire (with more than 500 responses), and then modeled using multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) to allow for clustering based on consumer demographics (e.g., race, gender, and age). Based on the clustering, several mobile phone models are tested for their fitness. The goal of the methodology is to determine the appropriate product family size in order to satisfy customer needs as well as reduce supply chain complexity.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Optical design for beam-foil experiments☆

Abstract We consider the threshold signal-to-noise ratio for several optical designs appropriate to beam-foil spectroscopy. Calculation of signal-to-noise ratios is complicated by the strong Doppler effect associated with the high unidirectional velocity of the emitting ions. The Doppler effect introduces an unusual coupling of spectral resolution and signal strength which requires modifications to the accepted methods for optimizing these parameters for weak sources. The discussion includes results on the side-on, end-on, and axicon systems, as well as modifications to the side-on system using anamorphic elements or auxiliary mirrors.
PROCESSING IDENTITIES BY GROUP REPRESENTATION

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a technique that enables a computer to process identities. The examples used are from nonassociative algebras, but the method is general and can be applied to many other situations. Identities are expressed as elements of the group ring on the symmetric group and then are transferred to matrices by the well-known isomorphisms of group rings. This approach has several advantages over the standard approach, which uses a system of linear equations. The system indicates whether a desirable identity is a consequence of other assumed identities. If the identity is not a consequence of the assumed identities, it tells how close it is to being true. This lets the investigator know the routes that are worth pursuing. Second, it uses very little array area. Identities involving four unknowns are processed, with the largest array being a 3 × 3 matrix.
Safety Profile of Tegaserod, a 5-HT4 Receptor Agonist, for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

This article reviews the safety and tolerability profile of tegaserod, a novel selective partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT4 receptor. Tegaserod was recently approved for the treatment of women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation. Tegaserod exhibits rapid absorption from the small intestine, and is excreted unchanged in the faeces and as metabolites in the urine. Meal ingestion decreases its bioavailability. There is little effect of age or gender on pharmacokinetics, although plasma levels may be slightly higher in the elderly. Tegaserod has no effect on plasma levels of other drugs metabolised by cytochrome P450 enzyme systems. Gastrointestinal symptoms are the most common adverse effects of tegaserod therapy. In data pooled from phase III randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in IBS with constipation patients, diarrhoea was reported by 8.8% of patients treated with tegaserod 6mg twice daily versus 3.8% of patients receiving placebo. Similar rates have been observed in international post-US marketing RCTs. In most patients, tegaserod-induced diarrhoea was mild and transient. In RCTs, it did not elicit fluid or electrolyte disturbances, and fewer than 3% of IBS patients discontinued tegaserod due to diarrhoea. Since its release, rare cases of more severe diarrhoea and ischaemic colitis have been reported. The incidence of other gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. abdominal pain, nausea, and flatulence) has been similar among tegaserod-treated patients and placebo-treated patients. Pooled analysis of phase III RCTs and post-US marketing RCTs have not demonstrated significant differences between tegaserod-treated patients and placebo-treated patients in the incidence of abdominal-pelvic surgery. There is no convincing evidence that rebound gastrointestinal symptoms occur upon termination of tegaserod therapy. Pooled analysis of phase III RCTs demonstrated an increase in the incidence of headaches among tegaserod-treated patients (6mg twice daily) compared with placebo-treated patients (15% vs 12.3%, respectively, p < 0.05), although post-US marketing RCTs have not observed this increase. Other extra-gastrointestinal adverse events occur with similar frequency among tegaserod-treated patients and placebo-treated patients. Tegaserod-treated patients in RCTs have not demonstrated significant prolongation of the QTc interval or cardiac arrhythmias compared with placebo-treated patients. Supra-therapeutic doses in healthy volunteers did not effect electrocardiographic parameters. Laboratory parameters are mostly unaffected by tegaserod, although several individuals have exhibited increased eosinophil counts. In summary, tegaserod exhibits a favourable safety and tolerability profile in IBS patients based on data from clinical trials. Diarrhoea is the most common adverse event associated with tegaserod use. Continued post-US marketing surveillance will further define the safety and tolerability profile of tegaserod.
Supersonic dynamic stability characteristics of the test technique demonstrator NASP configuration

Wind tunnel tests of a National Aero-Space Plane (NASP) configuration were conducted in both test sections of the Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel. The model used is a Langley designed blended body NASP configuration. Dynamic stability characteristics were measured on this configuration at Mach numbers of 2.0, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5. In addition to tests of the baseline configuration, component buildup tests were conducted. The test results show that the baseline configuration generally has positive damping about all three axes with only isolated exceptions. In addition, there was generally good agreement between the in-pulse dynamic parameters and the corresponding static data which were measured during another series of tests in the Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel. Also included are comparisons of the experimental damping parameters with results from the engineering predictive code APAS (Aerodynamic Preliminary Analysis System). These comparisons show good agreement at low angles of attack; however, the comparisons are generally not as good at the higher angles of attack.