cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamics and Time-Correlation Functions

The derivation of hydrodynamic equations, and their constitutive relations, by the time-correlation function method requires the reduction of general nonlocal equations to the usual local differential equations. This is accomplished by an approximation procedure generalizing the Chapman-Enskog method used in kinetic theory. We investigate here the validity of this method in the context of time-correlation functions characterizing hydrodynamic systems. It is pointed out that such correlation functions occurring in the nonlocal equations are not sharply peaked in space and time, as generally assumed in the literature. The procedure of expanding thermodynamic parameters and extracting their gradients from integrals over correlation functions is nevertheless shown to be valid for the systems considered. This is accomplished by demonstrating that the long-time parts of the correlation functions do not contribute, leaving the transport coefficients entirely determined by the microscopic or short-time parts. The mathematical requirements of the Chapman-Enskog procedure and the apparently contradictory analytic properties of the correlation functions for hydrodynamic systems are therefore resolved. No attempt is made to prove the assumed analytic behavior of the correlation functions from a specific force law.
The first amendment and new technologies: the arguments for applying a broadcast regulatory model to teletext

Abstract As new technologies arrive on the telecommunications scene, traditional regulatory thought is further challenged. Such is the case with respect to teletext, the graphic and textual transmission system widely employed in the telecommunications industry today. In TRAC v. FCC , it was decided that some political broadcasting regulations (the Reasonable Access Rule and the Fairness Doctrine) were not applicable to the new teletext technology. This article examines the antecedent issue of what regulatory model should be used to govern the regulation of teletext technology. The position is taken that since teletext more closely approximates “broadcasting,” and since key policy questions need to be addressed, a broadcast regulatory model ought to be applied in the regulation of teletext.
Optically powered firing system for the Procyon high-explosive pulsed power system

An optically powered fireset has been developed for the Procyon high explosive pulsed-power generator at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The fireset was located inside this flux compression experiment where large magnetic fields are generated. No energy sources were allowed inside the experiment and no wire connections can penetrate through the wall, of the experiment because of the high magnetic fields. The flux compression was achieved with high explosives in the experiment. The fireset was used to remotely charge a 1.2 {micro}f capacitor to 6,500V and to provide a readout of the voltage on the capacitor at the control room. The capacitor was charged by using two 7W fiber coupled GaAlAs laser diodes to illuminate two fiber coupled 12V solar cells. The solar cell outputs were connected in parallel to the input of a DC-DC converter which step up a 12V to 6,500V. A voltmeter, powered by illuminating a third 12V solar cell with 1W laser diode, was used to monitor the charge on the capacitor. The voltage was measured with a divider circuit, then converted to frequency in a V-F converter and transmitted to the control room over a fiber optic link. A fiducial circuit measured the capacitor firing current and provided an optical output timing pulse.
PAK1 phosphorylation of MEK1 regulates fibronectin-stimulated MAPK activation

Activation of the Ras–MAPK signal transduction pathway is necessary for biological responses both to growth factors and ECM. Here, we provide evidence that phosphorylation of S298 of MAPK kinase 1 (MEK1) by p21-activated kinase (PAK) is a site of convergence for integrin and growth factor signaling. We find that adhesion to fibronectin induces PAK1-dependent phosphorylation of MEK1 on S298 and that this phosphorylation is necessary for efficient activation of MEK1 and subsequent MAPK activation. The rapid and efficient activation of MEK and phosphorylation on S298 induced by cell adhesion to fibronectin is influenced by FAK and Src signaling and is paralleled by localization of phospho-S298 MEK1 and phospho-MAPK staining in peripheral membrane–proximal adhesion structures. We propose that FAK/Src-dependent, PAK1-mediated phosphorylation of MEK1 on S298 is central to the organization and localization of active Raf–MEK1–MAPK signaling complexes, and that formation of such complexes contributes to the adhesion dependence of growth factor signaling to MAPK.
Bile is an important route of elimination of ingested aluminum by conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Abstract We assessed the importance of bile as an excretory route for ingested aluminum (Al). Bile ducts in 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were cannulated to allow both bile collection and reinfusion of bile acids. Five days after surgery, rats (average weight = 191 ± 4 g) were given a single oral dose of aluminum (0, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mmol) as aluminum lactate in 1 ml of 16% citrate by gavage. Bile was collected 1–7 h after dosing from unanesthetized rats. Biliary aluminum secretion was highest during the first hour of bile collection. All rats dosed with aluminum secreted significantly greater amounts of aluminum in bile than control rats. However, biliary aluminum secretion did not vary among animals given the different aluminum doses suggesting that biliary secretion of aluminum was saturated at these doses. Rats dosed with 0.8 mmol Al retained significantly greater amounts of aluminum in soft tissues than those given 0.2 or 0.4 mmol Al. This result suggests that physiological mechanisms were unable to prevent tissue aluminum accumulation in the rats given the highest dose.
Ontogeny of taste preferences: basic biology and implications for health

Health initiatives address childhood obesity in part by encouraging good nutrition early in life. This review highlights the science that shows that children naturally prefer higher levels of sweet and salty tastes and reject lower levels of bitter tastes than do adults. Thus, their basic biology does not predispose them to favor the recommended low-sugar, low-sodium, vegetable-rich diets and makes them especially vulnerable to our current food environment of foods high in salt and refined sugars. The good news is that sensory experiences, beginning early in life, can shape preferences. Mothers who consume diets rich in healthy foods can get children off to a good start because flavors are transmitted from the maternal diet to amniotic fluid and mother's milk, and breastfed infants are more accepting of these flavors. In contrast, infants fed formula learn to prefer its unique flavor profile and may have more difficulty initially accepting flavors not found in formula, such as those of fruit and vegetables. Regardless of early feeding mode, infants can learn through repeated exposure and dietary variety if caregivers focus on the child's willingness to consume a food and not just the facial expressions made during feeding. In addition, providing complementary foods low in salt and sugars may help protect the developing child from excess intake later in life. Early-life experiences with healthy tastes and flavors may go a long way toward promoting healthy eating, which could have a significant impact in addressing the many chronic illnesses associated with poor food choice.
Women together again: A phenomenological study of leaderless women's groups

Abstract The results of a phenomenological study of eight leaderless women's groups are presented. The primary research questions were: what brought the groups together, what did the participants do in their groups, what kept the groups going without a leader, and what did the participants receive from being in the groups. Findings included a serendipitous forming process, minimal norming, a support system extending beyond the group, a spontaneous and flexible group process, and unresolved issues. Results are supported by participants' words and discussed in relationship to existing women's group research and feminist theory. Suggestions for future research are provided.
Off-axis multipass amplifier as a large aperture driver stage for fusion lasers

A multipass amplifier configuration is described which has potential as a large aperture, high gain driver stage for fusion laser systems. We avoid the present limitations of large aperture switches by using an off-angle geometry that does not require an optical switch. The saturated gain characteristics of this multipass amplifier are optimized numerically. Three potential problems are investigated experimentally, self-lasing, output beam quality, and amplified spontaneous emission output. The results indicate comparable cost for comparable performance to a linear chain, with some operational advantage for the multipass driver stage.
Studies on bacteriophage φX174 and its DNA by electron microscopy

In shadowed electron micrographs, bacteriophages φX174 and S13 appear to consist of twelve “knobs” arranged as at the vertices of an icosahedron. The existence of these “knobs” is confirmed by the appearance of both positively and negatively stained preparations of φX174. On heating or treatment with concentrated acetate or urea, φX174 extrudes strands up to 1·3μ in length. The strand diameter may range from less than 10 A to 40 A or above. The strands are disrupted by DNase or by heating to 80°C. They are believed to consist of DNA, irregularly coated by protein. Purified φX174 DNA, like other single-stranded nucleic acids, appears as inhomogeneous strands or “random coils” in electron micrographs. A model is proposed for the structure of φX174 in which the bulk of the phage consists of deoxyribonucleoprotein. The configuration of the DNA is thus maintained by direct combination with about 80% of the total protein. The remainder is divided into sixty identical units which are arranged in groups of five to form the twelve “knobs” of the icosahedrally symmetrical outer protein shell.
Purine nucleotide production in normal and HPRT- cells

Abstract 1. 1. Both normal cells and cells deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) are able to produce adenine and guanine nucleotides from aminoimidazole carboxamide (AICA) or its ribonucleoside (AICAR), but not from formaminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleoside (FAICAR). 2. 2. The level of purine nucleotide production from AICA in HPRT cells is at least equal to the production of purine nucleotides from hypoxanthine in normal cells, 3. 3. The concentration of AICA or AICAR at which nucleotide production was half-maximal was between 30 and 100μM in various cell lines. 4. 4. Adenosine kinase is required to convert AICAR to its nucleotide; adenine phosphoribosyltransferase is required to convert AICA to its nucleotide. Cells lacking either of these enzymes are unable to produce purine nucleotides from the respective precursor. 5. 5. Purine production from AICAR in HPRT- cells is not greatly increased by the addition of formate, folate or leucovorin.
Boar taint detection using parasitoid biosensors.

: The off-flavor boar taint associated with the substances skatole, androstenone, and possibly indole represents a significant problem in the pig husbandry industry. Boar taint may occur in meat from uncastrated sexually mature male pigs; consumers commonly show a strong aversion to tainted meat. Consequently, there is a need for rapid methods to sort out and remove tainted carcasses at the slaughterline. We tested the ability of wasps, Microplitis croceipes to perceive and learn the 3 boar taint compounds both individually and in combination using classical conditioning paradigms. We also established the effectiveness and reliability of boar taint odor detection when wasps were used as biosensors in a contained system called the “wasp hound” using a cohort of trained wasps. We found that the wasps are able to successfully learn indole, skatole and to also detect them when presented a 1: 1: 1 mixture of all 3 compounds. This was shown for both a single hand-manipulated wasp bioassay and when using the “wasp hound” detector device. In contrast, the wasps showed a weak conditioned response to androstenone at the concentration tested. The estimated gas phase concentrations that the wasps perceived during training were in the range of 10 ± 0.4 pg/s for skatole and indole, and 2 ± 0.5 pg/s for androstenone. We conclude that use of these wasps as biosensors presents a promising method for boar taint detection and discuss future training paradigms that may improve their responses to compounds such as androstenone. Practical Application: The development of a perceptive, inexpensive, and reliable means of detecting boar taint before the product is presented to sensitive consumers.
Development of Response Surface Equations for High-Speed Civil Transport Takeoff and Landing Noise

Presented at the 2nd World Aviation Congress and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, October 13-16, 1997.
Whole Community Resilience: An Asset-Based Approach to Enhancing Adaptive Capacity Before a Disruption

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Conventional hazard mitigation and pre-disaster recovery planning processes typically begin with hazard scenarios that illustrate probable events and analy...
Early results of percutaneous intervention for severe coexisting carotid and coronary artery disease

Fifty-one patients with severe coexisting carotid and symptomatic coronary artery occlusive disease successfully underwent staged or simultaneous coronary angioplasty and carotid stenting. One pericardial effusion and 2 minor strokes with full recovery occurred in the hospital, but no major neurologic events, myocardial infarction, or death were observed and no repeat revascularization was required within the 30-day follow-up.
Metallogenic provinces in South America

This paper discusses the broadscale distribution of some ore deposit types in South America, trying to discern possible relations with major geotectonic features. It does not cover all ore deposits but rather a selection based on available information, genetic types, geographic distribution, and a representation of deposit types which are either abundant or very rare in South America. Included are porphyry copper, zoned copper-zinc-lead-silver, contact-metasomatic, red-bed copper-uranium-vanadium, lead-zinc (including Mississippi Valley type), mercury, tin, pegmatite, carbonatite and alkalic complex, diamond, nickelcobalt-chromite-asbestos-talc, iron, bauxite, tungsten, titanium, uranium, gold, potash and phosphate deposits.
LDL receptor-related protein-1 is a sialic-acid-independent receptor for myelin-associated glycoprotein that functions in neurite outgrowth inhibition by MAG and CNS myelin

In the injured adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), products are generated that inhibit neuronal sprouting and regeneration. In recent years, most attention has focused on the myelin-associated inhibitory proteins (MAIs) Nogo-A, OMgp, and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). Binding of MAIs to neuronal cell-surface receptors leads to activation of RhoA, growth cone collapse, and neurite outgrowth inhibition. In the present study, we identify low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) as a high-affinity, endocytic receptor for MAG. In contrast with previously identified MAG receptors, binding of MAG to LRP1 occurs independently of terminal sialic acids. In primary neurons, functional inactivation of LRP1 with receptor-associated protein, depletion by RNA interference (RNAi) knock-down, or LRP1 gene deletion is sufficient to significantly reverse MAG and myelin-mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Similar results are observed when LRP1 is antagonized in PC12 and N2a cells. By contrast, inhibiting LRP1 does not attenuate inhibition of neurite outgrowth caused by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Mechanistic studies in N2a cells showed that LRP1 and p75NTR associate in a MAG-dependent manner and that MAG-mediated activation of RhoA may involve both LRP1 and p75NTR. LRP1 derivatives that include the complement-like repeat clusters CII and CIV bind MAG and other MAIs. When CII and CIV were expressed as Fc-fusion proteins, these proteins, purified full-length LRP1 and shed LRP1 all attenuated the inhibition of neurite outgrowth caused by MAG and CNS myelin in primary neurons. Collectively, our studies identify LRP1 as a novel MAG receptor that functions in neurite outgrowth inhibition.
Effects of Mach number on the development of a subsonic multiple jet

Results of an experimental study of the flow structure of a subsonic jet issuing from an array of rectangular lobes, equally spaced with their small dimensions in a line, are presented. The tests determined the affect of jet exit Mach number variations (0.3 to 0.8) on the flow field. Measurements of the mean velocity field and centerline rms velocity, along with schlieren flow visualization, were made. It was found that Mach number had no significant affect on the general flow field characteristics; and, that the flow field far downstream resembles that of a jet exiting from a two-dimensional nozzle with its short dimension being the long dimension of the lobe.
Examining the Effects of Fashion Activities on Life Satisfaction of Older Females: Activity Theory Revisited

This study applied activity theory to older female consumers' apparel shopping behavior and explored relationships among these consumers' characteristics, social activity, fashion-apparel shopping orientation, apparel shopping activity, and life satisfaction. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 1,000 females older than age 55 living in a midwestern state. A total of 386 (38.6%) questionnaires were used in the study. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to determine the effect of older female consumers' characteristics, social activity, fashion-apparel shopping orientation, and apparel shopping activity on life satisfaction. The regression results indicate that the following variables significantly contributed to the older female consumer's life satisfaction: age, education, income, self-assessed health, fashion involvement, and frequency of participation in leisure and informal social activities. Participation in apparel shopping activity did not contribute to life satisfaction when controlling for the other variables in the regression analysis.
Measurement of fracture energy during single-particle fracture

The population balance model provides a very good description of the comminution of brittle particulate material. The breakage function plays a central role in the population balance method and its variation with impact energy is now considered to be important when scaling up data for operating ball mills. The rate of breakage has been known for many years to impact-energy dependent. This paper describes the operation and calibration of a precise apparatus for the measurement of the distribution of fracture energies among particles and the relationship between the breakage function and the impact energy. The distribution of fracture energies was found to be log normal and varies consistently with particle size. The distribution of fracture energy for several different materials was determined. The one-to-one correspondence between the probability of breakage and the distribution of fracture energies is demonstrated.
“Fear”, head shaking and production in five populations of caged chickens

1. Differences in “ fear”, head shaking and production traits were found among lines of chickens maintained in individual 0–46 × 0.30 × 0.46 m cages. 2. The differences among lines for “ fear “ and head shaking were consistent across three ages. 3. Although differences in “ fear “ and head shaking existed among lines for which there were large differences in production traits, the relationships within lines of production traits with modest “ fearfulness “ and head shaking were not important.
Biotin synthesis begins by hijacking the fatty acid synthetic pathway

Biotin synthesis is known to include a pimelate intermediate, the construction of which is controversial. Genetic manipulations and chemical feeding now demonstrate that the two mystery enzymes in the process create and cleave a methyl ester that sends a biotin precursor into the fatty acid synthesis machinery.
Oxygen dependence of nitric oxide-mediated signaling.

Nitric oxide (•NO) is a biologically important short-lived free radical signaling molecule. Both the enzymatic synthesis and the predominant forms of cellular metabolism of •NO are oxygen-dependent. For these reasons, changes in local oxygen concentrations can have a profound influence on steady-state •NO concentrations. Many proteins are regulated by •NO in a concentration-dependent manner, but their responses are elicited at different thresholds. Using soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and p53 as model •NO-sensitive proteins, we demonstrate that their concentration-dependent responses to •NO are a function of the O2 concentration. p53 requires relatively high steady-state •NO concentrations (>600 nM) to induce its phosphorylation (P-ser-15), whereas sGC responds to low •NO concentrations (<100 nM). At a constant rate of •NO production (liberation from •NO-donors), decreasing the O2 concentration (1%) lowers the rate of •NO metabolism. This raises steady-state •NO concentrations and allows p53 activation at lower doses of the •NO donor. Enzymatic •NO production, however, requires O2 as a substrate such that decreasing the O2 concentration below the Km for O2 for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) will decrease the production of •NO. We demonstrate that the amount of •NO produced by RAW 264.7 macrophages is a function of the O2 concentration. Differences in rates of •NO production and •NO metabolism result in differential sGC activation that is not linear with respect to O2. There is an optimal O2 concentration (≈5–8%) where a balance between the synthesis and metabolism of •NO is established such that both the •NO concentration and sGC activation are maximal.
Ensuring long-term sustainability of existing cohorts remains the highest priority to inform cancer prevention and control

The case for continued follow-up of existing cohorts arises from the key attributes of cohorts that are already meeting the goals proposed by Potter for the creation of a new cohort. These attributes include the basic nature of ongoing cohorts in that they are, by design, hypothesis-driven and must adapt to emerging technologies over time. Importantly, cohort investigators must identify and address gaps in knowledge that will inform public health strategies and clinical practices. Above all, cohorts must capitalize on their unique features to address public health priorities and inform our prevention strategies. Continued follow-up adds substantial return on investment to guide cancer prevention.
Inhibition of the CO2-sensitive Na efflux in barnacle muscle fibers by micro-injection of ethacrynic acid

Es wird gezeigt, dass die Mikroinjektion von Athacrynsaure [2,3-Dichloro-4(2-methylenbatyryl)-phenoxyacetsaure] in die isolierte Muskelfaser der Entenmuschel nur dann den Natriumausstrom herabsetzt, wenn die Badelosung vorher angesauert wird.
Real Time Detection of Mechanical Stress in Specific Cytoskeletal Proteins

A molecular force sensor cassette (stFRET) was incorporated into actinin, filamin, and spectrin in endothelial cells and into collagen-19 in C. elegans. In vitro double strand DNA stretching essay confirmed the force sensitivity of stFRET. stFRET detected constitutive stress in all the proteins. In endothelial cells, the stress in actinin, filamin and spectrin could be eliminated by releasing focal attachments from the substrate. Our data also indicated the highest resting strain in spectrin in three cytoskeleton protein tested. When the intact C. elegans worm was reversibly stretched using micromanipulators, stFRET reversibly sensed the force in collagen-19. stFRET is a general purpose dynamic sensor of mechanical stress in filamentous proteins that can be expressed in cells in vitro and in whole animals.We have developed another force sensor, named sstFRET, in which we substituted the alpha helix linker with a spectrin repeat domain. Our in vitro DNA stretching assay showed that 20 pN force is sufficient to deform the spectrin repeat linker, leading to a dramatic change of FRET. By inserting sstFRET into alpha-actinin, we succeeded in monitoring the change in actinin constitutive stress before and after cells are osmotically challenged. In addition, we observe substantially lower force loads on actinin in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) than that in human embryo kidney (HEK) cells.
Biologics in development for rheumatoid arthritis: Relevance to osteoarthritis ☆

The osteoarthritis disease process affects not only the cartilage but also the entire joint structure, including the synovium, bone and periarticular muscles. Characteristically, abnormal biomechanical forces result in an imbalance between chondrocyte anabolic and catabolic pathways, which ultimately leads to progressive joint destruction. Within cartilage and synovium, pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-1b and TNF-a, auto-catalytically stimulate their own production and induce chondrocytes to produce additional catabolic mediators, including proteases, chemokines, nitric oxide, and prostaglandins. The success of targeted biological therapy in rheumatoid arthritis has taught that the blockade of a single dominant cytokine can lead to remarkable clinical benefit, even in complex disease. The effectiveness of biologicals in inflammatory arthritides as disease modifying agents has increased the likelihood that similar strategies can be developed to target specific molecular mechanisms in osteoarthritis (OA). However, since the clinical development program for disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) is complicated by the slow progression of disease in many patients, the introduction of DMOADs will be greatly enhanced by advances in imaging and biomarkers that serve as validated surrogate endpoints for meaningful clinical outcomes.
Excitation Function of Net Charge Fluctuations at RHIC

We present measurements of dynamical net charge fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at √{sNN} = 0, 130 and 200 GeV using the measure ν+-, dyn. The dynamical fluctuations are finite and exhibit a rather modest dependence on beam energy. We also find they violate the trivial 1/N scaling expected for nuclear collisions consisting of independent nucleon–nucleon interactions. We speculate this may be due to a combination of thermalization and radial flow effects.
Corrections to "Bounds on the minimum number of data transfers in WFTA and FFT programs"

The relative performance of the 120 point WFTA and the 128 point FFT reported in the above paper [1] must be modified slightly due to errors in tabulation of arithmetic and data transfer operations. A correct comparison is presented in this correspondence. Nonetheless, the 120 point WFTA still remains the faster algorithm for the general-purpose computer architecture considered.
Pharmacokinetics of dideoxypurine nucleoside analogs in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys.

The pharmacokinetics of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (ddA), didanosine, 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine (ddG), and 6-halogenated prodrugs of ddG, 6-chloro-ddG and 6-iodo-ddG, in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied in a non-human primate model. ddA was rapidly and completely deaminated to didanosine, such that didanosine concentration profiles in plasma and CSF were identical following administration of ddA and didanosine. The mean clearance of didanosine was 0.50 liters/h/kg, the terminal half-life was 1.8 h, and the CSF-to-plasma ratio was 4.8%. The disposition of ddG was similar, with a clearance of 0.70 liters/h/kg and a half-life of 1.7 h. The adenosine deaminase-mediated conversion of the 6-halogenated-ddG prodrugs to ddG was rapid but incomplete (48% for 6-chloro-ddG and 29% for 6-iodo-ddG). The CSF-to-plasma ratios of ddG with equimolar doses of ddG, 6-chloro-ddG, and 6-iodo-ddG were 8.5, 24, and 17%, respectively, but the actual ddG exposures in CSF (area under the CSF concentration-time curve) were comparable for ddG (12.1 microM.h) and the 6-halogenated-ddG prodrugs (18.8 microM.h for 6-chloro-ddG, 9.3 microM.h for 6-iodo-ddG).6-Chloro-ddG was not detectable in plasma or CSF, and the CSF-to-plasma ratio of 6-iodo-ddG was 9.4%, so the higher CSF-to-plasma ratios of ddG with the administration of the 6-halogenated-ddG prodrugs does not appear to be the result of enhanced penetration of the prodrug and subsequent dehalogenation to ddG. The penetration of ddG into CSF exceeds that of didanosine and is enhanced by administration of the 6-halogenated prodrugs, although the mechanism of this enhanced penetration is unclear.
Experiencing doctoral liminality as a conceptual threshold and how supervisors can use it

Doctoral students face numerous challenges along the path toward achieving a doctorate. With the experience likened to a rite of passage, many face periods of confusion and disorientation, liminal periods of being betwixt and between. Threshold concept theory, reconceived as conceptual thresholds when experienced on the doctoral level, can inform how they are understood. The aim of this research is to explore liminal experiences during the doctoral journey and offer suggestions for how supervisors can better support their learners. This qualitative narrative inquiry explored doctoral liminality amongst 23 participants coming from five countries and 19 different disciplines. Findings cut across the diversity of the participants, with their liminal experiences comprising a sense of isolation, lack of confidence and impostor syndrome, and research misalignment. Periods of liminality were rarely discussed, even after long periods of time. Findings are offered to provide guidance for supervisors to help suppor...
Postpubertal Psychosexual Function in Post-Surgical Male Hypopituitarism*

This paper documents specific aspects of sex and eroticism as well as related aspects of social development in a small group of postpubertal male patients diagnosed as having hypopituitarism secondarily to the surgical removal of a pituitary tumor. The data include information about erection, ejaculation, masturbation, erotic imagery and intercourse, as well as dating, socializing and falling in love. Problems of case management are also discussed.
Effect of propofol on human sphincter of Oddi.

The effect of propofol was studied in 11 patients who had common bile duct sphincter of Oddi manometry for suspected dysfunction. Patients were initially sedated with midazolam and then further or resedated with propofol for the second set of pressure measurements. Recordings were made about 10 min after giving each drug. No patient had elevated basal pressure initially. Average basal pressure was unchanged (16.7±16.4 mm Hg), phasic contraction frequency was unchanged (3.4±3.8/min), and phasic contraction amplitude fell but did not achieve statistical significance (91.8±77.3 mm Hg,P=0.1). There was no difference in lowest blood pressure, pulse, or oxygen saturation recorded during midazolam or propofol sedation. Subjectively, the patients were more sedated during propofol administration. It is concluded that propofol is a safe and effective agent for conscious sedation. It does not alter the sphincter of Oddi pressure profile in patients with normal basal sphincter pressures and thus could be used as an alternative and perhaps better form of sedation for ERCP with sphincter of Oddi manometry.
Marine vs. terrigenous organic matter in Louisiana coastal sediments: The uses of bromine:organic carbon ratios

Recent data on the sources of organic carbon buried in the ocean have emphasized the probable importance of terrigenous organic matter in burial budgets of deltaic depocenters. The many markers used to assess relative importance of marine vs. terrestrial sources each have ambiguities. We use the ratio of bromine to organic carbon (Br:OC) as a source indicator for organic matter in the Mississippi delta. Progressive increases in bromine concentrations from the river to the slope indicate increasing content of marine-derived organic matter. Quantitative estimates of marine vs. terrigenous organic matter using Br:OC ratios in a two-endmember mixing model are consistent with recent estimates using a combination of three other source markers [Gordon, E.S., Goni, M.A. 2003. Sources and distribution of terrigenous organic matter delivered by the Atchafalaya River to sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67:2359–2375]. The Br:OC vs. δ 13 C relationship indicates seaward increase in δ 13 C without proportionate incorporation of marine organic matter, consistent with recent arguments that isotopically depleted terrestrial detritus derived from C3 plants is separated from C4-derived terrigenous organic matter during transport. Decreasing Br:OC ratios downcore at many sites that have significant amounts of marine organic matter indicate that the marine organic matter is preferentially lost during burial diagenesis. This preferential loss constrains the contribution of organic matter burial in deltaic environments to global removal of Br. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Enhanced performance and endurance of nano-porous platinum solid oxide fuel cell electrodes by oxygen partial pressure cycling

We demonstrate that alternating the oxygen partial pressure gradient across a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte membrane prior to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) testing with nanoporous Pt electrodes greatly increases (e.g. by >70-fold at 350 °C) peak power density compared with devices without pretreatment. Transiently altering the oxygen activity at the cathode–YSZ interface appears to change the wetting characteristics of the nanoporous Pt, significantly affecting the stability and low-temperature performance of the SOFCs. Image analysis and impedance spectroscopy results suggest that an increase in triple-phase boundary area fraction at the cathode–YSZ interface contributes to the observed effect.
Retrieving Temperature and Geopotential Fields from a Network of Wind Profiler Observations

Abstract In this paper, we extend the 1985 work of Kuo and Anthes to develop a method to derive temperature and geopotential information from a network of wind profiler observations, which we define as a thermodynamic retrieval technique. We first reformulate the retrieval procedure on a terrain-following σ-coordinate, similar to that used in most limited-area models. We then examine the accuracy of the derived temperature and geopotential fields for six different synoptic situations using basic datasets generated by a high-resolution mesoscale model. We found that in the middle and upper troposphere, the retrieved temperature is significantly more accurate than the direct temperature measurement from a combined satellite- and ground-based microwave radiometric system (using climatology as a basis for radiometric retrieval). At lower levels, however, the retrieved temperature is not as accurate, mainly due to the neglect of boundary layer momentum fluxes in the retrieval calculations. Because the boundary...
Effects of suspended solids and dissolved organic carbon on nickel toxicity

Nickel (Ni) is a common and potentially toxic heavy metal in many fluvial ecosystems. We examined the potentially competitive and complementary roles of suspended sediment and a dissolved organic ligand, humate, in affecting the partitioning and toxicity of Ni to a model organism, Daphnia magna, in both batch and stream-recirculating flume (SRF) tests. Sediments included a fine-grained deposit, montmorillonite, and kaolinite. Survival of D. magna was unaffected by the range of suspended solids used in the present study (8-249 mg/L). However, exposure to suspended solids that were amended with Ni had a deleterious effect on test organism survival, which is attributed to partitioning of Ni into the aqueous phase. At comparable levels of dissolved Ni, survival of D. magna was reduced in tests with Ni-amended suspended solids compared to Ni-only aqueous exposures, suggesting potentiation between these two aquatic contaminants. Addition of humate attenuated toxicity to D. magna in both Ni-only and Ni-amended suspended sediment exposures. These results indicate that organic ligands and suspended solids have important functions in affecting the bioavailability and toxicity of Ni to aquatic organisms and should be incorporated into predictive models to protect ecosystem quality.
The association of arrestin-3 with the human lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor depends mostly on receptor activation rather than on receptor phosphorylation

Although the involvement of the nonvisual arrestins in the agonist-induced internalization of the human lutropin receptor (hLHR) has been documented previously with the use of dominant-negative mutants, a physical association of the nonvisual arrestins with the hLHR in intact cells has not been established. In the studies presented herein, we used a cross-linking/coimmunoprecipitation/immunoblotting approach as well as confocal microscopy to document the association of the hLHR with the nonvisual arrestins in co-transfected 293 cells. We also used this approach to examine the relative importance of receptor activation and receptor phosphorylation in the formation of this complex. Using hLHR mutants that impair phosphorylation, activation, or both, we show that the formation of the hLHR-nonvisual arrestin complex depends mostly on the agonist-induced activation of the hLHR rather than on the phosphorylation of the hLHR. These results stand in contrast to those obtained with several other G protein-coupled receptors (i.e. the beta2-adrenergic receptor, the m2 muscarinic receptor, rhodopsin, and the type 1A angiotensin receptor) where arrestin binding depends mostly on receptor phosphorylation rather than on receptor activation. We have also examined the association of the nonvisual arrestins with naturally occurring gain-of-function mutations of the hLHR found in boys with Leydig cell hyperplasia or Leydig cell adenomas. Our results show that these mutants associate with the nonvisual arrestins in an agonist-independent fashion.
The Generalized Randomized Block Design

(1969). The Generalized Randomized Block Design. The American Statistician: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 35-36.
AN INFORMATION THEORETIC APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF MIGRATION FLOWS

This study is concerned with the application of different types of models to the study of migration flows. Two traditional approaches to migration modeling the demographic fixed-rate and the gravity/entropy families of models are first described and their adequacy is assessed. The author next discusses the derivation of minimum information models. Consideration is given to destination-weighted models and to net-constrained models. A unified approach that incorporates both a priori micro and estimated macro parameters is then considered. The author concludes that the extended minimum information approach is the most suitable for building dynamic spatial interaction models given the current state of U.S. internal migration data.
Structure of the carboxy-terminal domain of bovine rhodopsin

The biologically active carboxy-terminal peptide of the G-protein receptor, rhodopsin, forms a compact structure, suggesting that it is a structural domain in this integral membrane protein. The disposition of serines explains receptor kinase specificity.
Effects of surface-applied biosolids on grass seedling emergence in the Chihuahuan desert

Plant establishment in semi-arid rangelands is difficult because of low, unpredictable soil water and extreme soil temperatures. In these rangelands, biosolids disposal is limited to topical application; resulting soil coverage ameliorates microenvironmental conditions and may affect plant establishment. We investigated biosolids effects on soil water, soil temperature, and seedling emergence and growth of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) and green sprangletop (Leptochloa dubia) in a Chihuahuan desert grassland. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted for 2 years. Biosolids did not affect mean soil temperature (at seed depth) but usually increased minimum and reduced maximum temperatures. Biosolids generally reduced soil water loss. These benefits may be insufficient under harsh conditions to promote seedling establishment, and unnecessary under favorable conditions. Under intermediate conditions, seedling establishment may be enhanced by biosolids application.
The Ethnological Theories of Henry Sumner Maine

This article synthesizes Maine's theories, placing them in their ideological context and indicating the relevance of that context for modern anthropology. For example, Maine emphasized the group as the primal unit (not contractually related individuals) and held “primitive” man to be highly “irrational.” These and other features of his substantive theories, it is shown, fit well with his political ideology of “liberal conservatism.” This demonstration does not “disprove” Maine's substantive theories, but it should alert us to the probability that the theories, portions of which many of us now follow, have but a partial hold on the truth. Through studies such as this, hopefully, we may come closer to a theoretical “total conception” of society, which is, or ought to be, a “morality of aspiration” -whether attainable or not—of social anthropology.
Microlensing towards the galactic bulge and galactic dark matter

Extensive modeling of the Galactic disk and bulge is used to study the implications of the observed microlensing events towards the bulge. We constrain models to fit both the microlensing data and more traditional constraints such as rotation curve measurements, limits on the disk surface density, and escape velocity from the Galaxy. We find that even if the Galactic bulge has a bar-like configuration, substantial dark matter must exist in either a heavy disk or a massive bar or both. Disentanglement of the bar and disk contributions requires mapping of the optical depth across the Galactic center. We discuss the range over which such mapping would be useful
WAREHOUSE OPERATIONS EMPLOYEES: LINKING PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT, JOB SATISFACTION, AND COPING RESPONSES

Employee turnover in the warehousing industry has historically been extremely high. The current research proposes that one of the keys to maximizing employee retention is focusing on good person-organization fit. The research examines the relationships between person-organization fit, job satisfaction, and coping behaviors (escape and control behaviors) within a sample of 667 warehouse operations employees.
The electroretinogram of the antelope ground squirrel

Abstract The electroretinogram (ERG) of this ground squirrel, an animal with a purecone type of retina, was found to have a prominent a-wave , a relatively fast b-wave and no c-wave . The d-wave was also large and it showed the familiar dependency on duration of stimulation that is characteristic of off-effects. The key finding was the demonstration that the b-wave was duplex, consisting of two components (b 1 , b 2 ) which were present in responses to flashes at all wavelengths from 454 m/gm to 631 m/gm. These two components showed independence in so far as their behavior to changes in light intensity and to light adaptation was concerned. The significance of this finding is that the human ERG also has two separate b-components which are usually assigned to separate activity in rods and cones. This cannot be the explanation for the two b-waves of the ground squirrel since only cones are present. Evidently a duplex b-system , behaving in some respects like the rod-cone system of the human retina, can occur in a retina with a single morphological type visual cell.
Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance: Serine Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and Increased Expression of p85α: The Two Sides of a Coin

Initial attempts to unravel the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance have strongly suggested that a defect responsible for insulin resistance in the majority of patients lies at the postreceptor level of insulin signaling. Subsequent studies in insulin-resistant animal models and humans have consistently demonstrated a reduced strength of insulin signaling via the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1/phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase pathway, resulting in diminished glucose uptake and utilization in insulin target tissues. However, the nature of the triggering event(s) remains largely enigmatic. Two separate, but likely, complementary mechanisms have recently emerged as a potential explanation. First, it became apparent that serine phosphorylation of IRS proteins can reduce their ability to attract PI 3-kinase, thereby minimizing its activation. A number of serine kinases that phosphorylate serine residues of IRS-1 and weaken insulin signal transduction have been identified. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested to trigger activation of several serine kinases, leading to a serine phosphorylation of IRS-1. Second, a distinct mechanism involving increased expression of p85α has also been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Conceivably, a combination of both increased expression of p85α and increased serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 is needed to induce clinically apparent insulin resistance.
Osteogenesis in rats induced by a novel recombinant helper-dependent bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) adenovirus.

Background Although recombinant first-generation BMP adenoviruses can induce ectopic bone formation in immune deficient animals, the osteoinductive activity of these BMP vectors is reduced in immune competent animals. Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors have been developed to decrease the immune response and, therefore, increase gene expression in immune competent animals compared with first-generation vectors. In the present study, the osteoinductive activity of a helper-dependent GFP and BMP-9 adenoviral vector (ADGBMP9) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Methods Initially, purified ADGBMP9 was used to transduce human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and the alkaline phosphatase activity was determined as a measure of osteogenic activity. The vector was then injected into the thigh muscle of athymic nude and Sprague-Dawley rats, and CT scans and histology were subsequently used to assess bone formation. Results In vitro, ADGBMP9 was capable of inducing alkaline phosphatase expression in hMSCs. In vivo in athymic nude and Sprague Dawley rats, ADGBMP9 initiated the process of bone formation 3 days after percutaneous injection into the thigh musculature. The rats demonstrated intramuscular ectopic ossification in CT scans as early as day 9 post viral injection and ultimately formed significant amounts of ectopic bone. Histologically, the induced bone was formed via normal endochondral mechanisms. Conclusions A helper-dependent adenoviral vector containing the BMP-9 and GFP genes has significant osteoinductive activity in both athymic nude and immune competent rats. Additional direct and ex vivo BMP gene therapy studies are required to assess the vector's activity in more animal models. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.