cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Situ Studies of Cartilage Microtribology: Roles of Speed and Contact Area

The progression of local cartilage surface damage toward early stage osteoarthritis (OA) likely depends on the severity of the damage and its impact on the local lubrication and stress distribution in the surrounding tissue. It is difficult to study the local responses using traditional methods; in situ microtribological methods are being pursued here as a means to elucidate the mechanical aspects of OA progression. While decades of research have been dedicated to the macrotribological properties of articular cartilage, the microscale response is unclear. An experimental study of healthy cartilage microtribology was undertaken to assess the physiological relevance of a microscale friction probe. Normal forces were on the order of 50 mN. Sliding speed varied from 0 to 5 mm/s, and two probes radii, 0.8 and 3.2 mm, were used in the study. In situ measurements of the indentation depth into the cartilage enabled calculations of contact area, effective elastic modulus, elastic and fluid normal force contributions, and the interfacial friction coefficient. This work resulted in the following findings: (1) at high sliding speed (V = 1–5 mm/s), the friction coefficient was low (μ = 0.025) and insensitive to probe radius (0.8–3.2 mm) despite the fourfold difference in the resulting contact areas; (2) the contact area was a strong function of the probe radius and sliding speed; (3) the friction coefficient was proportional to contact area when sliding speed varied from 0.05 to 5 mm/s; (4) the fluid load support was greater than 85% for all sliding conditions (0% fluid support when V = 0) and was insensitive to both probe radius and sliding speed. The findings were consistent with the adhesive theory of friction; as speed increased, increased effective hardness reduced the area of solid–solid contact which subsequently reduced the friction force. Where the severity of the sliding conditions dominates the wear and degradation of typical engineering tribomaterials, the results suggest that joint motion is actually beneficial for maintaining low matrix stresses, low contact areas, and effective lubrication for the fluid-saturated porous cartilage tissue. Further, the results demonstrated effective pressurization and lubrication beneath single asperity microscale contacts. With carefully designed experimental conditions, local friction probes can facilitate more fundamental studies of cartilage lubrication, friction and wear, and potentially add important insights into the mechanical mechanisms of OA.
Lightwave networks based on de Bruijn graphs

Proposes de Bruijn graphs as logical topologies for multihop lightwave networks. After deriving bounds on the throughput and delay performance of any logical topology, the authors compute the throughput and delay performance of de Bruijn graphs for two different routing schemes and compare it with their bounds and the performance of shufflenets. For a given maximum nodal in- and out-degree and average number of hops between stations, a logical topology based on a de Bruijn graph can support a larger number of stations than a shufflenet and this number is close to the maximum that can be supported by any topology. The authors also propose de Bruijn graphs as good physical topologies for wavelength routing lightwave networks consisting of all-optical routing nodes interconnected by point-to-point fiber links. The worst-case loss experienced by a transmission is proportional to the maximum number of hops (diameter). For a given maximum nodal in- and out-degree and diameter, a physical topology based on a de Bruijn graph can support a large number of stations using a relatively small number of wavelengths. >
Ab initio elasticity workflow in the VLab science gateway

This paper describes a scientific workflow for ab initio calculations of elastic coefficients (Cij) of crystalline materials implemented in the VLab Cyberinfrastructure [da Silveira et al., 2008]. This workflow has recently been upgraded to treat crystals of all symmetries and integrated in the XSEDE. First we review the underlying Cij calculations and list explicitly different requirements for each Bravais lattice. We also describe the workflow management and its general method for handling actions. We illustrate the Cij application with a calculation of diamond's elastic coefficients at high pressures. We conclude with an outlook of future implementation plans.
High-temperature X-ray diffraction : solutions to uncertainties in temperature and sample position

Methods of minimizing the uncertainties in temperature and position that are inherent in high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction measurements made using strip heaters are discussed, with particular reference to the Anton Paar HTK 10 heating stage. Modification of the strip geometry is recommended to largely eliminate temperature gradients across the sample area and the use of the strip heater as an internal standard is recommended to eliminate positional uncertainties and test temperature calibration. Data on the thermal expansion of AI20 3 are used to evaluate the success of these procedures.
Liquid holdup correlation for conditions affected by partial flow reversal

Abstract A new method to predict liquid holdup in vertical upward gas–liquid flows is presented based on large scale steady-state experiments in a transparent 42-m long, 0.048-m ID vertical tube system. This work focuses on situations of particular significance in natural gas producing wells, when annular to churn flow-pattern transition brings about drastic holdup increase, leading to a rich group of phenomena in the field, known as “liquid loading”. Under circumstances, believed to precede liquid loading, the still steady-state and stable liquid holdup may be several folds larger than the inlet volumetric fraction of the liquid, due to partial flow reversal. Standard two-phase correlations have difficulties in reproducing the observations in such situations. The proposed method is actually flow-pattern independent and relies on a measure of nearness of the flow condition to the specific condition when partial flow reversal starts to appear. Interestingly, the actual form of this correlation is quite simple, relying on the gas and liquid superficial velocities and mass fractions – in addition to the key parameter – the “critical” superficial gas velocity.
Parallel program design

My goal is to propose a set of questions that I think are important. J. Misra and I are working on these questions.
Never been KIST: Tor's congestion management blossoms with Kernel-informed socket transport

Tor's growing popularity and user diversity has resulted in network performance problems that are not well understood. A large body of work has attempted to solve these problems without a complete understanding of where congestion occurs in Tor. In this paper, we first study congestion in Tor at individual relays as well as along the entire end-to-end Tor path and find that congestion occurs almost exclusively in egress kernel socket buffers. We then analyze Tor's socket interactions and discover two major issues affecting congestion: Tor writes sockets sequentially, and Tor writes as much as possible to each socket. We thus design, implement, and test KIST: a new socket management algorithm that uses real-time kernel information to dynamically compute the amount to write to each socket while considering all writable circuits when scheduling new cells. We find that, in the medians, KIST reduces circuit congestion by over 30 percent, reduces network latency by 18 percent, and increases network throughput by nearly 10 percent. We analyze the security of KIST and find an acceptable performance and security trade-off, as it does not significantly affect the outcome of well-known latency and throughput attacks. While our focus is Tor, our techniques and observations should help analyze and improve overlay and application performance, both for security applications and in general.
COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA WITH THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PLANAR ENTRY FLOW: ROLE OF THE CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION

SUMMARY The goal of this research was to determine whether there is any interaction between the type of constitutive equation used and the degree of mesh refinement, as well as how the type of constitutive equation might affect the convergence and quality of the solution, for a planar 4: 1 contraction in the finite eiement method. Five constitutive equations were used in this work: the Phan-Thien-Tanner (PTT), Johnson-Segalman (JS), White-Metzner (WM), Leonov-like and upper convected Maxwell (UCM) models. A penalty Galerkin finite element technique was used to solve the system of non-linear differential equations. The constitutive equations were fitted to the steady shear viscosity and normal stress data for a polystyrene melt. In general it was found that the convergence limit based on the Deborah number De and the Weissenberg number We varied from model to model and from mesh to mesh. From a practical point of view it was observed that the wall shear stress in the downstream region should also be indicated at the point where convergence is lost, since this parameter reflects the throughput conditions. Because of the dependence of convergence on the combination of mesh size and constitutive equation, predictions of the computations were compared with birefringence data obtained for the same polystyrene melt flowing through a 4: 1 planar contraction. Refinement in the mesh led to better agreement between the predictions using the PTT model and flow birefringence, but the oscillations became worse in the corner region as the mesh was further refined, eventually leading to the loss of convergence of the numerical algorithm. In comparing results using different models at the same wall shear stress conditions and on the same mesh, it was found that the PTT model gave less overshoot of the stresses at the re-entrant corner. Away from the corner there were very small differences between the quality of the solutions obtained using different models. All the models predicted solutions with oscillations. However, the values of the solutions oscillated around the experimental birefringence data, even when the numerical algorithm would not converge. Whereas the stresses are predicted to oscillate, the streamlines and velocity field remained smooth. Predictions for the existence of vortices as well as for the entrance pressure loss (Ape",) varied from model to model. The UCM and WM models predicted negative values for Ape",.
Length to diameter ratio of extrudates in catalyst technology I. Modeling catalyst breakage by impulsive forces

Natural or forced catalyst extrudate breakage is an important phenomenon during catalyst manufacture. Here, a two-parameter model for predicting the reduction in the length to diameter ratio of catalyst extrudates due to breakage by impulsive forces as experienced in a laboratory drop test is developed. Part II will show how both parameters can be correlated with the strength of the extrudates and the severity of the drop test. For breakage by impulsive forces, the model reveals that extrudates are reduced in length to diameter ratio according to a pseudosecond-order break law. Also, a tie-in exists with the well-known Golden Ratio that is famous for its inherent esthetic value. Applying the model to cases of “severity sequencing” and “severity conditioning” reveals the nonlinear behavior of the length to diameter ratio and yields results that are often nonintuitive and hard to get without this engineering analysis. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 639–647, 2016
Mechanism of apoptosis induced by an IgG3-avidin fusion protein specific for the human transferrin receptor

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 2261 We have previously demonstrated that two IgG3-avidin fusion proteins specific for the rat and human transferrin receptors (anti-rat TfR IgG3-Av and anti-hTfR IgG3-Av) formed strong non-covalent interactions with different biotinylated molecules and delivered them into cancer cells. In addition, we reported that these fusion proteins exhibited potent antiproliferative/proapoptotic activity against hematopoietic malignant cell lines (Ng et al., PNAS, 2002, 99:10706). We now report that anti-hTfR IgG3-Av down-regulates cell surface TfR and directs it to intracellular degradation. Studies using the malignant B lymphocytic cell line ARH-77 provide evidence that the internalized TfR is degraded into multiple fragments by serine and cysteine proteases. In addition, we demonstrated that following TfR degradation, ARH-77 cells exhibit mitochondrial membrane depolarization and activation of caspase 9, 3 and 8. Iron, but not zinc supplement effectively prevents mitochondrial damage and cell death, suggesting that anti-hTfR IgG3-Av induces apoptosis by causing iron deprivation. This hypothesis is further supported by data showing that ARH-77 cells treated with the iron chelator deferioxamine (DFO) or anti-hTfR IgG3-Av have similar profiles and kinetics of mitochondrial membrane depolarization and apoptosis. These events, however, cannot be fully blocked by co-incubation of anti-hTfR IgG3-Av with a pan-caspase inhibitor. This report provides important insights into the mechanism of apoptosis induced by anti-hTfR IgG3-Av. Further development of this fusion protein as a drug delivery system and as a tumoricidal agent may lead to effective therapeutics for hematopoietic malignancies such as multiple myeloma.
Alhazen’s Debt to Ptolemy’s Optics

As it is currently imterpreted, the history of optics from its early Hellenistic beginnings to the dawn of the seventeenth century is divided into two major phases. The first of these phases saw the emergence of three distinct traditions of visual theory in Greco-Roman antiquity: (1) the “philosophical” tradition, which was rooted primarily in Platonic, Aristotelian, and Stoic doctrine, (2) the “medical” tradition, represented by the early Alexandrian physiologists and Galen, and (3) the “mathematical” tradition, whose greatest exponents were Euclid and Ptolemy. Each defined by its particular domain of concerns, these three traditions supposedly evolved along separate lines. Accordingly, while philosophical theorists pursued physical, psychological, and epistemological questions at the expense of anatomical, physiological, and mathematical ones, their medical counterparts subordinated philosophical and mathematical to anatomical and physiological considerations. And, finally, mathematical theorists tended to eschew all but ray-geometrical considerations in their search for visual explanations. For the most part, then, the three traditions developed not only in isolation from, but often in opposition to, one another.1
Control, curation and musical experience in streaming music services

The growth and popularity of music streaming are generally seen as win for music consumers, giving them greater freedom and virtually limitless access to musical content. This article offers a different view. It examines how four prominent music streaming services position themselves in the marketplace, based on their interfaces, the quality of their curatorial devices, the identity projected for users and the control users have over their music (or, lack thereof). We argue that, ultimately, streaming services are in the business of creating branded musical experiences, which appear to offer fluid and abundant musical content but, in reality, create circumscribed tiers of content access for a variety of scenarios, users and listening environments.
Evolution of data centers: A critical analysis of standards and challenges for FSO links

As the bandwidth-intensive and performance-sensitive application portfolio broadens, so does the interest in data center networks (DCNs) by network research community. Most DCNs deployed today are wired DCNs in which copper and optical fiber cables are used for communication. Despite recent advances in DCN design, there are two inevitable problems facing wired DCNs; hotspots and cabling complexity. To alleviate these problems, recent research works explore the integration of wireless technologies, such as, free space optical (FSO) communication or 60 GHz radio frequency, into DCNs. Wireless links can be used to augment conventional wired DCNs, or to realize a pure wireless DCN. In this paper, we discuss and analyze challenges that may face FSO-DC designers, and identify standardization needs and opportunities to help accelerate the development of FSO links for DCNs. To this end, we review state of the art of wireless DCNs using FSO links. We also briefly review and summarize physical layer specifications of existing standards related to indoor FSO communication, such as, IEEE 802.11 standard, IEEE 802.15.7 standard for visible light communications (VLC), and the families of standards developed by the Infrared Data Association (IrDA) and the VLC Association (VLCA).
Estrous cyclicity in mice housed in the presence or absence of males.

SummaryThe majority of CD∗-1 female mice housed individually with adult males exhibit 4-day estrous cycles. Regular cyclicity is observed in these animals from the time daily vaginal smear examinations are begun. The majority of mice housed individually without males exhibit 5-day cycles, but frequently only after periods of non-cyclicity following the start of vaginal smear examinations.
Single-molecule fluorescence imaging of DNA at a potential-controlled interface.

Many interfacial chemical phenomena are governed in part by electrostatic interactions between polyelectrolytes and charged surfaces; these phenomena can influence the performance of biosensors, adsorption of natural polyelectrolytes (humic substances) on soils, and production of polyelectrolyte multilayer films. In order to understand electrostatic interactions that govern these phenomena, we have investigated the behavior of a model polyelectrolyte, 15 kbp fluorescently labeled plasmid DNA, near a polarized indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode surface. The interfacial population of DNA was monitored in situ by imaging individual molecules through the transparent electrode using total-internal-reflection fluorescence microscopy. At applied potentials of +0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl, the DNA interfacial population near the ITO surface can be increased by 2 orders of magnitude relative to bulk solution. The DNA molecules attracted to the interface do not adsorb to ITO, but rather they remain mobile with a diffusion c...
Visualizing Attack of Escherichia coli by the Antimicrobial Peptide Human Defensin 5

United States. Army Research Office. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (Contract W911NF-13-D-0001)
Overconfidence at work: Does overconfidence survive the checks and balances of organizational life?

Abstract This review considers the role of overconfidence in organizational life, focusing on ways in which individual-level overconfidence manifests in organizations. The research reviewed offers a pessimistic assessment of the efficacy of either debiasing tools or organizational correctives, and identifies some important ways in which organizational dynamics are likely to exacerbate overconfidence among individuals. The organizational consequences of overconfidence can be substantial, especially when it comes from those at the top of the organization. However, there are also reasons to suspect that the research literature exaggerates the prevalence of overconfidence.
Globalizing and crowdsourcing biomedical research

Introduction or background Crowdfunding and crowdsourcing of medical research has emerged as a novel paradigm for many biomedical disciplines to rapidly collect, process and interpret data from high-throughput and high-dimensional experiments. The novelty and promise of these approaches have led to fundamental discoveries about RNA mechanisms, microbiome dynamics and even patient interpretation of test results. However, these methods require robust training protocols, uniform sampling methods and experimental rigor in order to be useful for subsequent research efforts. Executed correctly, crowdfunding and crowdsourcing can leverage public resources and engagement to generate support for scientific endeavors that would otherwise be impossible due to funding constraints and or the large number of participants needed for data collection. Sources of data We conducted a comprehensive literature review of scientific studies that utilized crowdsourcing and crowdfunding to generate data. We also discuss our own experiences conducting citizen-science research initiatives (MetaSUB and PathoMap) in ensuring data robustness, educational outreach and public engagement. Areas of agreement We demonstrate the efficacy of crowdsourcing mechanisms for revolutionizing microbiome and metagenomic research to better elucidate the microbial and genetic dynamics of cities around the world (as well as non-urban areas). Crowdsourced studies have been able to create an improved and unprecedented ability to monitor, design and measure changes at the microbial and macroscopic scale. Thus, the use of crowdsourcing strategies has dramatically altered certain genomics research to create global citizen-science initiatives that reveal new discoveries about the world's genetic dynamics. Areas of controversy The effectiveness of crowdfunding and crowdsourcing is largely dependent on the study design and methodology. One point of contention for the present discussion is the validity and scientific rigor of data that are generated by non-scientists. Selection bias, limited sample sizes and limitations for scientists in enforcing standardized protocols are all challenges for those who engage in citizen-science initiatives. Growing points Despite the aforementioned concerns, crowdsourced data allow for greater inroads into the field of personalized medicine, whereby community members take an active role in generating data about their personal and environmental health. Areas timely for developing research Crowdsourced viral and metagenomic studies are the next step in elucidating the genomic and epigenomic characterization of urban population health.
From Politics to Performance: How Perceived Support Matters for Public Organizations

Research on support for educational institutions has ebbed and flowed with much of the focus directed toward internal mechanisms including teachers, administrators, and staff. This study stresses t...
Incidence and Outcomes of Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Children, 2007–2015

Background The escalating incidence of invasive disease caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative enteric Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-GNE) is a global concern. Scant published studies in which the epidemiology of these infections in children is described exist; previous studies focused mainly on adults, described circumscribed populations, or lacked clinical detail. The objective of this study was to examine and describe the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with MDR-GNE infection in children. Methods In this cohort study, we used data from 48 children's hospitals maintained by the Pediatric Health Information System. We documented the proportion of MDR-GNE diagnoses among children's hospital patients aged 0 to <18 years who were diagnosed with an Enterobacteriaceae-associated infection between January 1, 2007, and March 31, 2015, and we analyzed the association between MDR-GNE infection and hospital length of stay and death before discharge. Results During the study period, 107610 discharges included a diagnosis code for Enterobacteriaceae infection, 724 (0.7%) of which included MDR-GNE infection. The incidence of MDR-GNE, and the proportion of infections with Enterobacteriaceae organisms that were MDR-GNE increased over the study period; from 0.2% in 2007 to 1.5% by 2015 (test for trend < .001). Almost one-quarter (23%) of the infections in children hospitalized for MDR-GNE were nosocomial. Increased odds of MDR-GNE infection were associated with older age and comorbid illnesses. Lengths of stay in patients with MDR-GNE infection were increased 20% (95% confidence interval, 9.9%-30.5%; P < .001) over those without MDR-GNE infection; the increased odds for death did not reach statistical significance (1.46 [95% confidence interval, 0.98-2.18]; P = .06). Results were robust to sensitivity analyses. Conclusions The incidence of pediatric MDR-GNE infection increased during 2007-2015. MDR-GNE infection was associated with increased length of stay, and we found a trend toward increased risk of death. Infections with Gram-negative enteric bacilli are becoming increasingly difficult to treat; considering the global burden of these antimicrobial-resistant organisms, interventions to curtail or even reverse this trend are needed urgently.
A case record review of termination of parental rights cases involving parents with a disability

•Parental disability not correctly identified in half of child welfare cases in study•Many parents with disabilities have rights terminated despite completing case plan.•Parents with disabilities usually not receiving service modifications in child welfare.
Does Becoming A Volunteer Attenuate Loneliness Among Recently Widowed Older Adults

Objectives Loneliness is a significant public health concern, particularly for those who have lost a spouse through widowhood. This study examines whether becoming a volunteer at the time of widowhood is associated with reduction of these risks. Method A pooled sample of 5,882 married adults age 51+, drawn from the 2006-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, was used to estimate regression models of the relationship between becoming widowed (relative to staying continuously married) and loneliness, and whether the associated loneliness of having lost a spouse is moderated by starting to volunteer (<2 hr, 2+ hr/week). Results Our results show that for those who become widowed, loneliness is significantly higher than those who stay continuously married. However, starting to volunteer 2+ hr per week is related to attenuated loneliness among the widowed such that widows who volunteer at that intensity have levels of loneliness similar to those of continuously married individuals volunteering at the same intensity. Discussion This study suggests higher intensity volunteering may be a particularly important pathway for alleviating loneliness among older adults who have recently become widowed. Results are discussed in light of theory, future research, and potential interventions.
Cost Approach to Value

This chapter provides an overview of the basic logic and steps involved in applying the cost approach. The cost approach is based on the economic principle of substitution, which equates the value of human capital to the cost to create a substitute workforce of comparable utility. Costs considered in applying this valuation method to the assembled workforce pertain to recruitment, hiring, training, lost productivity and entrepreneurial return. An illustrative example is provided. Further considerations and refinements of the cost approach are elaborated in chap. 4. In addition to presenting the fundamentals of conducting the cost approach, this chapter discusses the conceptual reasoning and legal precedents that justify the cost approach as an acceptable, and actually preferred method for workforce valuations.
Critics Within: Islamic Scholars' Protests Against the Islamic State in Iran*

Islamic scholarship, in Iran and elsewhere, has a long tradition of debate and critique. This tradition has come to pose a challenge to the constitutional order of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a number of seminary-trained scholars have applied their critical methods to basic issues of state legitimacy, in particular the state's right to insist on interpretive closure. The regime has responded with force, convening special clergy courts to silence and imprison scholars, in violation of seminary norms of scholarly debate. These conspicuous acts of discipline seem to have backfired, as each escalating punishment has generated new critics within.
Runx3 programs CD8 + T cell residency in non-lymphoid tissues and tumours

Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells are found at common sites of pathogen exposure, where they elicit rapid and robust protective immune responses. However, the molecular signals that control TRM cell differentiation and homeostasis are not fully understood. Here we show that mouse TRM precursor cells represent a unique CD8+ T cell subset that is distinct from the precursors of circulating memory cell populations at the levels of gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Using computational and pooled in vivo RNA interference screens, we identify the transcription factor Runx3 as a key regulator of TRM cell differentiation and homeostasis. Runx3 was required to establish TRM cell populations in diverse tissue environments, and supported the expression of crucial tissue-residency genes while suppressing genes associated with tissue egress and recirculation. Furthermore, we show that human and mouse tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes share a core tissue-residency gene-expression signature with TRM cells that is associated with Runx3 activity. In a mouse model of adoptive T cell therapy for melanoma, Runx3-deficient CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes failed to accumulate in tumours, resulting in greater rates of tumour growth and mortality. Conversely, overexpression of Runx3 enhanced tumour-specific CD8+ T cell abundance, delayed tumour growth, and prolonged survival. In addition to establishing Runx3 as a central regulator of TRM cell differentiation, these results provide insight into the signals that promote T cell residency in non-lymphoid sites, which could be used to enhance vaccine efficacy or adoptive cell therapy treatments that target cancer.
Research on the Relationship between Salary and Performance of Professional Basketball Team (NBA)

As a professional basketball team, the salary of its players should be related to salary. In this paper, a case study (NBA) is used to analyze the salary system of professional basketball team, and some suggestions for improvement are given.
Effectiveness of a direct-to-consumer written health education program in the reduction of benzodiazepine and sedative-hypnotic use in an elderly population at a single Veterans Affairs medical center.

Abstract Introduction: The use of benzodiazepines and sedative-hypnotics in the elderly is associated with a significant risk of delirium, falls, fractures, cognitive impairment, and motor vehicle accidents. This quality improvement project applies a direct-to-consumer intervention to an elderly veteran population to reduce the use of these medications. Methods: Patients aged 75 and older currently taking a benzodiazepine and/or a sedative-hypnotic were included in the project. Direct-to-consumer education intervention letters were mailed to patients within 30 days of their next appointment. Their providers were emailed a questionnaire after the patient's appointment. Providers were asked if the letter prompted a conversation regarding medication use, whether the provider initiated discussion regarding a taper, and whether a specific taper plan was developed. Medical records were reviewed to determine if a reduction in dose or discontinuation occurred. Results: Fifty-nine direct-to-consumer education lett...
The Prior Question: How do Supervisors Learn to Supervise?:

The literature on supervision presents many models of supervisory practice, but ignores the prior issue of how supervision is learned. The assumptions about supervisory learning that are embedded i...
Definition of the Elastic Forces in the Finite-Element Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation and the Floating Frame of Reference Formulation

The equivalence of the finite-element formulations used inflexible multibody dynamics is the focus of this investigation. Thisequivalence will be used to address several fundamental issues related tothe deformations, flexible body coordinate systems, and the geometriccentrifugal stiffening effect. Two conceptually different finite-elementformulations that lead to exact modeling of the rigid body dynamics will beused. The first one is the absolute nodal coordinateformulation in which beams and plates can be treated as isoparametricelements. This formulation leads to a constant and symmetric mass matrix andhighly nonlinear elastic forces. In this study, it is demonstrated thatdifferent element coordinate systems which are used for the convenience ofdescribing the element deformations lead to similar results as the elementsize is reduced. In particular, two element frames are used;the pinned and the tangent frames. The pinned frame has one ofits axes passing through two nodes of the element, while the tangent frame isrigidly attached to one of the ends of the element. Numerical resultsobtained using these two different frames are found tobe in good agreement as the element size decreases. The relationshipbetween the coordinates used in the absolute nodal coordinate formulationand the floating frame of reference formulation is presented. Thisrelationship can be used to obtain the highly nonlinear expression of thestrain energy used in the absolute nodal coordinate formulation from thesimple energy expression used in the floating frame of referenceformulation. It is also shown that the source of the nonlinearityis due to the finite rotation of the element. The result of the analysispresented clearly demonstrates that the instability observedin high-speed rotor analytical models due to the neglect of the geometriccentrifugal stiffening is not a problem inherent to a particular finite-element formulation. Such a problem can only be avoided by considering the known linear effect of the geometric centrifugal stiffening or by using a nonlinear elastic model as recently demonstrated. Fourier analysis of the solutions obtained in this investigation also sheds new light on the fundamental problem of the choice of the deformable body coordinate system in the floating frame of reference formulation. Another method forformulating the elastic forces in the absolute nodal coordinate formulationbased on a continuum mechanics approach is also presented.
Africa cup of nations: a resource-based view of football staff

Rationale/Purpose: Framed under the resource-based theory, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between football staff (measured as the stock of amateur footballers, professiona...
Acute Angiotensin II Infusion Promotes Local Production of Prostaglandin E2 and Reactive Species in the Renal Cortex

Angiotensin II (ANGII) is a systemic vasoconstrictor and body fluid regulator. Virtually all released ANGII binds to AT1 receptors, which stimulates cell signaling pathways in various cell types. In kidneys, ANGII enhances arachidonic acid release by increasing the activity of phospholipase enzymesand cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), leading to an elevation in prostaglandinlevels where prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is predominately generated. Male Sprague Dawley rats (200 â€“ 300g) were acutely injected for four hours by vehicle or ANGII (7ng/kg/min, IV). Blood pressure was elevated significantly during ANGII infusion from (109.82 Â± 0.085mmHg) to (129.36 Â± 0.1mmHg). Urine flow(8.98 Â± 0.23I¼l/min), glomerular filtration rate (1.93 Â± 0.18ml/min/gm), and renal blood flow(1.75 Â± 0.064ml/min) were decreased in comparison with control(14.03 Â± 0.26I¼l/min), (2.71 Â± 0.075ml/min) and (3.8 Â± 0.14ml/min/gm) respectively. Through renal microdialysis, we found that PGE2 levels were significantly induced by ANGII treatment (358.27 Â± 35.3pg/ml)when compared to control(234.39 Â± 11.72pg/ml).Also, acute ANGII infusion augmented the present oxidative stress in renal tissues. Superoxide and peroxynitrite levels were increased by two fold during ANGII treatment when evaluated by EPR using CMH and CPH as spin traps.In the current study, we found that local effects of acute ANGII infusion stimulate PGE2 and free reactive species, which produce a disruption in normal renal hemodynamic function. In summary, the present study demonstrates a potential mechanism by which acute elevations in ANGII promotes hypertension induced end organ kidney damage.
Field demonstration of portable vapor sampling in a simulated cargo container

Abstract Screening technologies are necessary to counteract illegal trafficking through ports of entry in the United States and internationally. Here we present results from initial field testing of a recently-developed portable vapor sensing unit, portable PLOT (porous layer open tubular)-cryoadsorption. A surplus US Army bunker was used as a simulated cargo container, and four sets of experiments demonstrated the unit’s functionality in a field environment. Three chemical mixtures acted as surrogates for materials relevant to screening operations: explosives-related compounds, protein decomposition compounds, and gasoline. In this feasibility study, portable PLOT-cryoadsorption successfully collected components of each mixture in a variety of weather conditions and with short vapor collection times well suited to a field environment. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for sample analysis.
TAK1 Regulates Endothelial Integrity Through Stabilization of Junctions via GSK3β and FoxO1

TLR4 signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) induces vascular injury by disrupting the endothelial junctional barrier. However, it is not known whether TLR4 signaling can also promote endothelial barrier repair after vascular injury. Here we addressed the role of TAK1 activation downstream of TLR4 in the mechanism of vascular integrity. In inducible EC-restricted TAK1 knockout (TAK1i{Delta}EC) mice, the endothelial barrier was compromised. Blocking TAK1 activity caused spontaneous loss of the endothelial barrier. Importantly, TAK1 inactivated GSK3{beta} via AKT to prevent {beta}-catenin downregulation. We observed in ECs of GSK3{beta}i{Delta}EC mice an increase in {beta}-catenin transfer to the nucleus to form a complex with transcription factor FoxO1, thus repressing the expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5 and causing vascular leak. Strikingly, in TAK1i{Delta}EC mice, FoxO1 expression was dramatically increased while expression of AKT was suppressed, and in vivo inhibition of FoxO1 prevented sepsis-induced lung vascular leak in GSK3{beta}i{Delta}EC and TAK1i{Delta}EC mice. Further, EC-restricted deletion of FoxO1 in mice suppressed sepsis-induced lung vascular leak and mortality. Our findings point to the potential of targeting the TAK1-AKT-GSK3{beta}-FoxO1 axis as a therapeutic approach to treat uncontrolled lung vascular leak in sepsis.
Hispanic-Serving Institutions and Web Accessibility: Digital Equity for Hispanic Students With Disabilities in the 21st Century:

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates that all Title IV-participating institutions of higher education publish web accessible websites for students with disabilities. This study sought...
Incidence and predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms in a cohort of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Abstract Objectives Examine the incidence and predictors of PTSD symptoms in a cohort of patients with ICH. Patients and Methods This study uses a prospective cohort of 108 patients with complete follow-up data including a questionnaire regarding stress symptoms (PCL-S: PTSD checklist specific for a stressor) at 3, 6, and 12 months. Results The incidence of novel stress symptoms following ICH was approximately 6.5%. Age was negatively associated with PTSD symptoms with only trend-level significance (3 months: OR = 0.83, p = 0.087; 6 months: OR = 0.70, p = 0.015; 12 months: OR = 0.88, p = 0.087). Gender did not affect PTSD symptom development, (t = 1.34, p = 0.18). Pre-morbid functioning, initial stroke prognosis, total number of complications, and length of hospital/ICU stay were not associated with PTSD symptoms; however, each was significantly correlated with poorer functional outcomes. Yet, poorer functional outcomes were observed in those with higher reports of PTSD symptoms (r = 0.24, p = 0.01). Conclusion Functional outcomes in ICH are correlated with PTSD symptoms, however the mechanism and relationship are difficult to elucidate. Further research is needed to determine possible mechanisms by which a stroke patient may develop PTSD.
Why Temporal Persistence of Biometric Features is so Valuable for Classification Performance

It is generally accepted that relatively more permanent (i.e., more temporally persistent) traits are more valuable for biometric performance than less permanent traits. Although this finding is intuitive, there is no current work identifying exactly where in the biometric analysis temporal persistence makes a difference. In this paper, we answer this question. In a recent report, we introduced the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as an index of temporal persistence for such features. In that report, we also showed that choosing only the most temporally persistent features yielded superior performance in 12 of 14 datasets. Motivated by those empirical results, we present a novel approach using synthetic features to study which aspects of a biometric identification study are influenced by the temporal persistence of features. What we show is that using more temporally persistent features produces effects on the similarity score distributions that explain why this quality is so key to biometric performance. The results identified with the synthetic data are largely reinforced by an analysis of two datasets, one based on eye-movements and one based on gait. There was one difference between the synthetic and real data: In real data, features are intercorrelated, with the level of intercorrelation increasing with increasing ICC. This increasedhttps://www.this http URL intercorrelation in real data was associated with an increase in the spread of the impostor similarity score distributions. Removing these intercorrelations for real datasets with a decorrelation step produced results which were very similar to that obtained with synthetic features.
Adverse childhood experiences and the associations with depression and anxiety in adolescents

Abstract Objectives There has been increasing attention to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among adolescents in the U.S because ACEs may result in severe mental health issues. Although associations between ACEs and mental health have been explored, research on how different types or combinations of ACEs render different impacts on adolescents is limited. Therefore, this study aims to (a) examine latent classes of ACEs among adolescents who have experienced at least one ACE and (b) investigate associations of each latent group of ACEs with mental health problems, depression and anxiety. Method Questionnaires on ACEs and depression/anxiety from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) were used, and a total of 11,437 adolescents aged 10–17 years were included in this study. For analyses, latent class analysis (LCA) was implemented to identify the number and types of classes, which are pertinent to represent the heterogenous combinations of ACEs. Moreover, chi-square tests and ordinal regression were performed to investigate the associations of class memberships within ACEs with depression/anxiety. Results The LCA found four class memberships within ACEs: Multiple High-Risk, Broken Family, Income Hardship, and Multiple Low-Risk. These classes displayed differences in depression/anxiety. For both pre-existing and current conditions of depression/anxiety, the most prominence has been found in the Multiple High-Risk, followed by the Multiple Low-Risk, the Broken Family, and the Income Hardship, in order. Conclusions These differences among the classes indicate that understanding of ACEs and interventions should be based on considering latent classes of ACEs.
Regulation of Cdc42 for polarized growth in budding yeast

The Rho GTPase Cdc42 is a central regulator of cell polarity in diverse cell types. The activity of Cdc42 is dynamically controlled in time and space to enable distinct polarization events, which generally occur along a single axis in response to spatial cues. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying Cdc42 polarization has benefited largely from studies of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a genetically tractable model organism. In budding yeast, Cdc42 activation occurs in two temporal steps in the G1 phase of the cell cycle to establish a proper growth site. Here, we review findings in budding yeast that reveal an intricate crosstalk among polarity proteins for biphasic Cdc42 regulation. The first step of Cdc42 activation may determine the axis of cell polarity, while the second step ensures robust Cdc42 polarization for growth. Biphasic Cdc42 polarization is likely to ensure the proper timing of events including the assembly and recognition of spatial landmarks and stepwise assembly of a new ring of septins, cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins, at the incipient bud site. Biphasic activation of GTPases has also been observed in mammalian cells, suggesting that biphasic activation could be a general mechanism for signal-responsive cell polarization. Cdc42 activity is necessary for polarity establishment during normal cell division and development, but its activity has also been implicated in the promotion of aging. We also discuss negative polarity signaling and emerging concepts of Cdc42 signaling in cellular aging.
A prospective, head-to-head comparison of 2 EUS-guided liver biopsy needles in vivo

Background and Aims Procedural standardization in endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB) is necessary to obtain core biopsy specimens for accurate diagnosis. The objective of this study was to directly compare the diagnostic yield of 2 EUS-LB fine-needle biopsy (FNB) systems in vivo. Methods In this prospective, single-center study, 108 adult patients undergoing EUS-LB over a 1-year period were included. Each EUS-LB consisted of an EGD, followed by EUS-guided biopsy of the left lobe of the liver sequentially using 2 different 19-gauge needles: the fork-tip (SharkCore) and Franseen (Acquire) FNB systems. Specimens were then reviewed by a GI histopathologist to determine diagnostic adequacy as well as the number of complete portal tracts, specimen length, and degree of fragmentation. Results In 79.4% of cases, the fork-tip FNB system yielded a final diagnosis compared with 97.2% of the Franseen FNB specimens (P Conclusions In EUS-LB, we found that the 19-gauge Franseen FNB system resulted in a statistically significant increase in diagnostic adequacy compared with biopsy using the fork-tip FNB system.
Non-negative matrix factorization algorithms greatly improve topic model fits.

We report on the potential for using algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to improve parameter estimation in topic models. While several papers have studied connections between NMF and topic models, none have suggested leveraging these connections to develop new algorithms for fitting topic models. Importantly, NMF avoids the "sum-to-one" constraints on the topic model parameters, resulting in an optimization problem with simpler structure and more efficient computations. Building on recent advances in optimization algorithms for NMF, we show that first solving the NMF problem then recovering the topic model fit can produce remarkably better fits, and in less time, than standard algorithms for topic models. While we focus primarily on maximum likelihood estimation, we show that this approach also has the potential to improve variational inference for topic models. Our methods are implemented in the R package fastTopics.
‘I could see myself’: professors’ influence in first-generation Latinx college students’ pathways into doctoral programs

Latinxs are the second largest racial-ethnic group in the United States, yet they make up only 7% of all doctoral degree recipients. Latinx undergraduates are predominantly first-generation college...