cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Telemedicine in pediatric ophthalmology

Purpose : Telemedicine use has risen in light of the COVID-19 pandemic as many ophthalmologists face barriers to providing in-person eye care. This study aims to describe caregiver experience using telemedicine for managing pediatric eye care at a rural academic medical center. Methods : An anonymous online survey was distributed to 35 caregivers of pediatric patients who had been contacted to participate in a telehealth eye appointment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Average scores were calculated for statements posed in the form of a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neutral/not applicable, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree). Results : A total of 17 responses were collected, of whom all had participated in telehealth. This was the first telehealth experience for 64.7% (11/15) of participants. The mean child and caregiver ages were 4 and 37 years old, respectively. The preferred telehealth platform was Zoom (15/17, 88.2%). Caregivers reported ease with obtaining at-home exam information including visual acuity and 9gaze motility photos (14/16, 87.5%). Additionally, 64.7% (11/17) of caregivers stated a telehealth appointment was more convenient than an in-person appointment. Overall, caregiver satisfaction with their child's telehealth appointment was high with an average satisfaction score of 4.18/5.00. Conclusions : The telemedicine model for managing pediatric eye health was met with high levels of patient satisfaction at one rural academic medical center. This care approach should be considered for clinical management of pediatric eye health in the presence of barriers to in-person care, such as COVID-19.
Vectofusin-1 based T-cell transduction approach for developing murine CAR-T cells for cancer

Gene transfer into human and murine T-cells using viral-based approaches has several promising therapeutic applications including the production of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. The generation of murine CAR-T is paramount to test and validate immunocompetent mouse models for CAR-T therapy. Several viral transduction enhancers already exist for gene therapy with few limitations. In this study, we tested vectofusin-1, a short cationic peptide, as a soluble transduction enhancer for gammaretroviral transduction for the generation of anti-CD19 murine CAR-T. We found that in comparison to Retronectin, Vectofusin-1 is an equally optimal transduction enhancer for the generation of murine CAR-T cells.
Protests, Pandemics, and Political Participation: Voter Turnout in Georgia in the 2020 Elections

We consider how pandemic-related shifts in election administration and racial justice protest activity impacted participation in 2020 primary and general elections in Georgia. Using a comprehensive statewide voter file, including data on the self-reported race and validated turnout of over 7 million registered Georgians, we analyze the combined effect of these events on racial differences in voter turnout rates, methods, and timing. We find that despite a shift to mail balloting, Black voters were significantly more likely to vote in person during the pandemic than White Democrats. These voters were later less likely to vote by mail (or vote at all) in November. We also demonstrate that Black turnout was significantly higher in the period following racial justice protests in Georgia than it was for other groups. The results of this study indicate how election reforms and non-electoral mobilization can shape turnout disparities even among highly engaged voters.
The Gravitational Force of Future Decisions

In this chapter, I take up Dworkin’s account of law as integrity and explore some of its unrecognized implications regarding the gravitational force of judicial decisions. Under law as integrity, past judicial decisions have gravitational force over present ones for reasons of equality or procedural fairness. Judges have a duty to help ensure that their legal system treats like cases alike, which means that past decisions exert force over present ones even if those past decisions were defective as a matter of substantive justice. I argue that, because equality is not an exclusively past-oriented ideal but rather an a-temporal one, future judicial decisions also exert gravitational force over present ones. Whenever future decisions are reasonably foreseeable, then, judges ought to follow their best predictions of those decisions, just as they ought to follow their best understandings of past precedents. Accordingly, future exercises of governmental authority have normative implications for how officials should exercise their authority today that Dworkin did not appreciate. On the bidirectional model of precedent that I propose here, compared to the conventional, exclusively backward-looking one that Dworkin hung onto, a judge takes a more expansive view of the legal practices that are relevant to the process of constructive interpretation, interpreting not only past judicial decisions but also future ones. This is necessary from the point of view of law as integrity, I argue, because under that view the law must really constituted by both.
Peroxides. XII: Gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of aliphatic hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides

The chromatographic resolution of 1-alkyl hydroperoxides and di-1-alkyl peroxides by either gas-liquid chromatography and/or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was investigated. The chromatographic methods developed were applied to the compositional analysis of hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides in reaction mixtures and to purity determinations. The effect of aliphatic peroxide structure based on the conformations imposed by the dihedral angle of the peroxide bond has strong implications for peroxide resolutions in HPLC compared to their non-peroxy analogues. Comparison of the chromatographic data for peroxide content with that obtained by iodometry show that the methods developed are suitable for peroxide determinations.
Semi-supervised Text Classification Using RBF Networks

Semi-supervised text classification has numerous applications and is particularly applicable to the problems where large quantities of unlabeled data are readily available while only a small number of labeled training samples are accessible. The paper proposes a semi-supervised classifier that integrates a clustering based Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm into radial basis function (RBF) neural networks and can learn for classification from a very small number of labeled training samples and a large pool of unlabeled data effectively. A generalized centroid clustering algorithm is also investigated in this work to balance predictive values between labeled and unlabeled training data and to improve classification accuracy. Experimental results with three popular text classification corpora show that the proper use of additional unlabeled data in this semi-supervised approach can reduce classification errors by up to 26%.
Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Adrenal Chromaffin Cells

The rich diversity of voltage-dependent K+-selective ion channels emphasizes the central role that the K+ channel superfamily plays in defining and modifying the electrical behavior of virtually all cells that express such channels (Rudy, 1988; Covar-rubias et al., 1991). As a consequence of differences in the rates and voltage dependence of activation, deactivation, and inactivation, various K+-selective channels determine a variety of cellular electrical properties, including the rates of action potential repolarization, the duration of afterhyperpolarizations, the frequency of repetitive firing, and aspects of the resting potential. Furthermore, K+ channels appear to be important targets of biochemical cascades that modulate ion channel function, since subtle alterations in K+ channel function can markedly change the underlying electrical behavior of a cell.
Active Spectroscopic Diagnostics for ITER Utilizing Neutral Beams

The use of neutral beams, combined with visible spectroscopy, is widely applied to the diagnosis of tokamak plasmas. Local plasma parameters which have been measured with these techniques include low Z impurity densities (e. g. Isler, 1977; Boileau, et al., 1989; von Hellerman, et al., 1992) and impurity transport coefficients (e. g. Synakowski, et al., 1990), ion temperature and rotation (e. g. Fonck, et al., 1984), internal magnetic field, (and thus current density and safety factor (Levinton, et al., 1989; Wrobleski and Lao, 1992; Wolf, et al., 1993)), and electron density fluctuations (eg. Durst, et al., 1992). Very recently, the first measurements of the energy distribution of slowing-down D-T fusion α particles have been reported (McKee, et al., 1995). An examination of the proposed measurement requirements for ITER (ITER 1995), as developed by the ITER JCT in consultation with the ITER Diagnostic Experts Group and diagnosticians from around the world, reveals several obvious candidates for application of diagnostic neutral beams (DNB’s). Of these, the one for which there appears to be no alternative whatsoever, is measurement of the thermalized helium density profile in the confinement region. Since helium ash accumulation is one of the key physics issues to be tested in long pulse (> 1000 second) operation, the inability to measure this quantity accurately in real time would be a significant handicap and could conceivably compromise some of the main ITER missions. A diagnostic beam, combined with charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) will be able to provide this measurement.
Period-Luminosity Relations For Magellanic Clouds Cepheids Based on OGLE-III Data: A Comparison

The period-luminosity (P-L) relation for Cepheid variables is important in modern astrophysics. In this work, we present the multi-band P-L relations derived from the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) Cepheids, based on the latest release of OGLE-III catalogs. In addition to the V I band mean magnitudes adopted from OGLE-III catalogs, we also cross-matched the LMC and SMC Cepheids to the 2MASS point source catalogs and publicly available Spitzer catalogs from SAGE program. Mean magnitudes for these Cepheids were corrected for extinction using available extinction maps. When comparing the P-L slopes, we found that the P-L slopes in these two galaxies are consistent with each others within ~2.5sigma level.
Effect of storm movement on flood peaks: Analysis framework based on characteristic timescales

[1] The aim of this paper is to investigate, in general terms, the effects of storm movement on the resulting flood peaks, and the underlying process controls. For this purpose, we utilize a broad theoretical framework that uses characteristic time and space scales associated with stationary rainstorms as well as moving rainstorms. For a stationary rainstorm the characteristic timescales that govern the peak response include two intrinsic timescales of a catchment and one extrinsic timescale of a rainstorm. On the other hand, for a moving rainstorm, two additional extrinsic scales are required, the storm travel time and storm size. The relationship between the peak response and the timescales appropriate for a stationary rainstorm can be extended in a straightforward manner to describe the peak response for a moving rainstorm. However, the interdependence between rainfall duration and storm travel time makes the behavior of the peak response for a moving rainstorm fundamentally different from that of a stationary rainstorm. We show that the relationship between peak response and characteristic timescales also depends on the relative size of the rainstorm with respect to catchment size. For moving rainstorms, we show that the augmentation of peak response arises from both the effect of overlaying the responses from subcatchments (resonance condition) and the effect of increased responses from subcatchments due to increased duration (interdependence), which results in maximum peak response when the moving rainstorm is slower than the channel flow velocity.
SH3 domains: complexity in moderation

The SH3 domain is perhaps the best-characterized member of the growing family of protein-interaction modules. By binding with moderate affinity and selectivity to proline-rich ligands, these domains play critical roles in a wide variety of biological processes ranging from regulation of enzymes by intramolecular interactions, increasing the local concentration or altering the subcellular localization of components of signaling pathways, and mediating the assembly of large multiprotein complexes. SH3 domains and their binding sites have cropped up in many hundreds of proteins in species from yeast to man, which suggests that they provide the cell with an especially handy and adaptable means of bringing proteins together. The wealth of genetic, biochemical and structural information available provides an intimate and detailed portrait of the domain, serving as a framework for understanding other modular protein-interaction domains. Processes regulated by SH3 domains also raise important questions about the nature of specificity and the overall logic governing networks of protein interactions.
Radicals from the Gas-Phase Pyrolysis of Hydroquinone: 1. Temperature Dependence of the Total Radical Yield

The formation and temperature dependence of the total yields of radicals from the gas-phase pyrolysis of hydroquinone (HQ) over a temperature range of 350−950 °C was studied using the technique of low-temperature matrix isolation electron paramagnetic resonance (LTMI−EPR) spectroscopy. Annihilation procedures along with microwave power saturation studies of the frozen radicals as well as GC−MS analysis of products helped to clearly identify several types of radicals over the temperature range studied. On the basis of these results, three formation temperature regimes could be identified: low-temperature region from 350 to 725 °C, where neutral p-semiquinone (p-SQ) radical is dominant, high-temperature region from 850 to 975 °C, where cyclopentadienyl (CPD) radical is dominant, and an intermediate-temperature region from 725 to 850 °C, where a mixture of p-SQ and CPD radicals exists.
Heating energy use management in residential buildings by temperature control

Abstract This paper presents the results of analytical investigations to determine the potential heating energy savings that can be achieved in residential buildings by controlling the house temperature through either night setback or night setback plus day zone setback. A typical U.S. single family house is analyzed for different levels of thermal integrity of the building envelope (i.e., levels of insulation, window glazing, and infiltration). Reduced infiltration, insulated interior walls, and various window orientations are also considered. Results are given for four major U.S. climate zones—cool, temperate, hot-humid, and hot-arid. The analysis shows that both types of setbacks are most effective in loose houses, with the greatest absolute savings for the cool climates, and the greatest percent savings for the hot climates. However, the benefits from thermostat setbacks are smaller for tighter houses, and may actually be counterproductive owing to corollary effects such as increased peak loads and degradation of system efficiency.
Enhancement of anhydrous proton transport by supramolecular nanochannels in comb polymers

Transporting protons is essential in several biological processes as well as in renewable energy devices, such as fuel cells. Although biological systems exhibit precise supramolecular organization of chemical functionalities on the nanoscale to effect highly efficient proton conduction, to achieve similar organization in artificial systems remains a daunting challenge. Here, we are concerned with transporting protons on a micron scale under anhydrous conditions, that is proton transfer unassisted by any solvent, especially water. We report that proton-conducting systems derived from facially amphiphilic polymers that exhibit organized supramolecular assemblies show a dramatic enhancement in anhydrous conductivity relative to analogous materials that lack the capacity for self-organization. We describe the design, synthesis and characterization of these macromolecules, and suggest that nanoscale organization of proton-conducting functionalities is a key consideration in obtaining efficient anhydrous proton transport. Efficient conduction of protons on a micrometre scale is critical for the development of fuel cell membranes — a key component of clean energy sources. Now, self-assembling amphiphilic polymers have been shown to provide a nanoscale organization of proton-conducting functionalities that dramatically increases anhydrous proton conductivity.
Network Capacity Assessment of Combined Heat and Power-Based Distributed Generation in Urban Energy Infrastructures

The growing penetration of distributed generation (DG) and use of combined heat and power (CHP) techniques have made electrical distribution systems and water distribution systems increasingly interdependent. This paper proposes an integrated dispatch model that offers a generalized means for determining the potential accommodated DG capacity along with appropriate DG sitting for given urban electricity and water system configurations. The AC optimal power flow (ACOPF)-based system model was developed for each phase of a modified electrical distribution test feeder. A corresponding water distribution system was then designed with its mathematical model developed. A mathematical model of the CHP-based DG system was also developed to couple the electricity and water systems. Results indicate the optimal DG capacity and its optimal sitting based on urban electricity and water infrastructures. The present water network cannot support the complete recovery of the exhaust heat. The mutual impacts on operational performances of CHP-based DG units and urban energy infrastructures were also investigated.
Laser action in highly-excited vibrational levels of CO

Abstract High-resolution measurements of the wave numbers of over 210 laser transitions in a Q -switched COHe laser are reported. Most of these transitions have not been previously observed. These observations of P -branch Δ v = 1 transitions in CO from vibrational levels v = 4 through v = 37 have made it possible to determine accurately the vibrational energy levels through v = 37, thus characterizing the vibrational energy level structure of CO to approximately 70% of the dissociation energy. Molecular constants are given which predict the observed transitions, although these are not definitive because of the increasing importance of higher-order terms.
Anatomic and Electrophysiologic Correlates of Ventricular Tachycardia Requiring Left Ventricular Stimulation

In 108 patients with reproducible initiation of ventricular tachycardia by programmed ventricular stimulation, the ventricular tachycardia was initiated only by left ventricular stimulation in 12 (11 percent). Programmed ventricular stimulation included single and double extrastimuli at three cycle lengths and bursts of rapid pacing to cycle lengths of 250 ms. Clinical, electrocardiographic, angiographic, hemodynamic and electrophysiologic data were available in 74 of 96 patients with ventricular tachycardia initiated by right ventricular stimulation (Group A) and in all 12 patients with ventricular tachycardia initiated only by left ventricular stimulation (Group B). There were no significant differences between Groups A and B in clinical characteristics, hemodynamics or presence and site of infarction or aneurysm. Comparison of electrophysiologic variables revealed no significant differences between Groups A and B in mean A-H interval (92 ± 22 versus 89 ± 15 ms, respectively), H-V interval (59 ± 15 versus 59 ± 15 ms) or right ventricular (241 ± 38 versus 260 ± 40 ms) or left ventricular (232 ± 28 versus 251 ± 42 ms) effective refractory period. Ventricular tachycardia with right bundle branch block and superior axis was more prevalent in Group B (92 percent versus 31 percent, p <0.001) but was observed in 32 patients in Group A. It is concluded that 11 percent of patients with clinically documented sustained ventricular tachycardia will require left ventricular programmed stimulation to reproducibly initiate the tachycardia. No clinical, anatomic, electrocardiographic or electrophysiologic features can predict whether left ventricular programmed stimulation will be required. Because initiation of ventricular tachycardia by programmed ventricular stimulation has important prognostic and therapeutic implications in such patients, stimulation should be performed from the left ventricle when the tachycardia is not initiated by stimulation from the right ventricle.
Location management in mobile ad hoc wireless networks using quorums and clusters

Position-based reactive routing is a scalable solution for routing in mobile ad hoc networks. The route discovery algorithm in position-based routing can be efficiently implemented only if the source knows the current address of the destination. In this paper, a quorum-based location management scheme is proposed. Location servers are selected using the minimum dominating set (MDS) approach, and are further organized into quorums for location update and location query. When a mobile node moves, it updates its location servers in the update quorum; when a node requests the location information of another node, it will send a query message to the location servers in the query quorum. We propose to use the position-based quorum system, which is easy to construct and guarantees that the update quorums always intersect with the query quorums so that at least one location server in the query quorum is aware of the most recent location of the mobile node. Clusters are introduced for large scale ad hoc networks for scalability. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme provides good scalability when network size increases. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antecedents and interventions for aggressive behavior of patients at a geropsychiatric state hospital.

Aggressive geropsychiatric patients pose major problems for long-term care facilities. Two exploratory surveys at a geropsychiatric state hospital, separated by brief programs of inservice training on managing aggressive patients, examined several aspects of aggressive behavior and staff interventions. Major findings included a stable overall prevalence of aggressive behavior in both survey periods; a persistently higher prevalence of aggression and a higher rate of physical aggression among dementia patients than among other patients; and staff-patient exchanges as a major triggering event for aggression. In the survey period after the inservice training, staff interventions remained similar for nondementia patients; however, for dementia patients, interpersonal interventions were used less frequently, and p.r.n. medications, alone or in combination with seclusion or restraint, were used more often.
Solvents and neurotoxicity

We describe the clinical evaluation of the nervous-system effects of solvent exposure. We review the current evidence in the epidemiological literature on neurotoxicological effects of solvents, and outline methods and issues to be taken into account in assessment of the patient whose symptoms may be related to solvent toxicity. Primary prevention of these disorders is essential, because treatment options are limited.
Effects of low price guarantees on consumer post-purchase search intention: The moderating roles of value consciousness and penalty level

Abstract While past research has focused on pre-purchase effects of low price guarantee (LPG), the present paper examines probable post-purchase consequences of such signals. Results of an experiment indicate that in an effort to enhance value from a purchase, consumers are more likely to engage in post-purchase search for lower prices when a purchase is made under an LPG. The experiment also indicates that presence of an LPG encourages post-purchase search intention only for consumers who are highly motivated to enhance value. Furthermore, it is seen that an LPG that offers higher refund leads to higher post-purchase search intention and this effect is also stronger for consumers with high concerns for enhancing value. The paper discusses several important implications of these findings for signaling theory and LPG-related retailing strategy.
The heterogeneous pickup and delivery problem with configurable vehicle capacity

Abstract Various forms of the pickup and delivery problem (PDP) have been studied extensively over the past decades. This paper introduces a new version of the heterogeneous PDP in which the capacity of each vehicle can be modified by reconfiguring its interior to satisfy different types of customer demands. The work was motivated by a daily route planning problem arising at a senior activity center. A fleet of configurable vans is available each day to transport participants to and from the center as well as to secondary facilities for rehabilitative and medical treatment. The number of participants and support equipment that a van can accommodate depends on how it is configured. The problem is modeled as a mixed-integer program much the same way as a PDP but with side constraints that add another level of complexity. To find solutions, we developed a two-phase heuristic that makes use of ideas from greedy randomized adaptive search procedures with multiple starts. In phase I, a set of good feasible solutions is constructed using a series of randomized procedures. A representative subset of those solutions is selected as candidates for improvement by solving a max diversity problem. In phase II, an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) heuristic is used to find local optima by reconstructing portions of the feasible routes. Specialized removal and insertion heuristics were designed for this purpose. Also, a specialized route feasibility check with vehicle type reassignment is introduced to take full advantage of the heterogeneous nature of vehicles. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by comparing the solutions it provided over a period of several weeks with those that were used in practice and derived manually. The analysis indicates that anywhere from 30% to 40% savings can be achieved with the multi-start ALNS heuristic.
Calculation of potential flow past simple bodies using axial sourcesand a least-squares method

Nomenclature = semimajor axis of ellipsoid = aerodynamic influence coefficient, Eq (5) = semiminor axis of ellipsoid = length of an arbitrary body = number of control points on body surface = number of sources along body axis = distance from source to control point Eq (2) = ru/a = nondimensional source strength, Eq (4) = horizontal velocity component at any point (x y) = freestream velocity = coordinate in direction of body axis = location of source on body axis b L NC NS
Finite nonparametric grach model for foreign exchange volatility

GARCH model has been commonly used to describe the volatility of foreign exchange returns, which typically depends on returns many lags before, While the GARCH model provides a simple geometric decaying structure for persistence in time, it restricts tiie impact of variables to Quadratic functions. A finite nonparametric GARCH model is proposed that allows the variables' impact to be a smooth function of any form. A direct local polynomial estimation method for this finite GARCH model is proposed based on results on proportional additive model, and is applied to the German Mark (DEM)/US Dollar (USD) daily returns data. Estimators uf both the decaying rate and the impact function are obtained. Diagnostics show satisfactory out-of-sampie prediction based on the proposed model, which helps to better understand the dynamics of foreign exchange volatility.
On hemispheric differences in evoked potentials to speech stimuli

Confirmation is provided for the belief that evoked potentials may reflect differences in hemispheric functioning that are marginal at best. Subjects were right-handed and audiologically normal men and women, and responses were recorded using standard EEG techniques. Subjects were instructed to listen for the targets while laying in a darkened sound booth. Different stimuli, speech and tone signals, were used. Speech sounds were shown to evoke a response pattern that resembles that to tone or clicks. Analysis of variances on peak amplitude and latency measures showed no significant differences between hemispheres, however, a Wilcoxon test showed significant differences in hemispheres for certain target tasks.
Effect of music therapy with emotional-approach coping on preprocedural anxiety in cardiac catheterization: a randomized controlled trial.

Background Individuals undergoing cardiac catheterization are likely to experience elevated anxiety periprocedurally, with highest anxiety levels occurring immediately prior to the procedure. Elevated anxiety has the potential to negatively impact these individuals psychologically and physiologically in ways that may influence the subsequent procedure. Objective This study evaluated the use of music therapy, with a specific emphasis on emotional-approach coping, immediately prior to cardiac catheterization to impact periprocedural outcomes. Methods The randomized, pretest/posttest control group design consisted of two experimental groups--the Music Therapy with Emotional-Approach Coping group [MT/EAC] (n = 13), and a talk-based Emotional-Approach Coping group (n = 14), compared with a standard care Control group (n = 10). Results MT/EAC led to improved positive affective states in adults awaiting elective cardiac catheterization, whereas a talk-based emphasis on emotional-approach coping or standard care did not. All groups demonstrated a significant overall decrease in negative affect. The MT/EAC group demonstrated a statistically significant, but not clinically significant, increase in systolic blood pressure most likely due to active engagement in music making. The MT/EAC group trended toward shortest procedure length and least amount of anxiolytic required during the procedure, while the EAC group trended toward least amount of analgesic required during the procedure, but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions Actively engaging in a session of music therapy with an emphasis on emotional-approach coping can improve the well-being of adults awaiting cardiac catheterization procedures.
Difluoromethyl analogs of the natural hormone 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: Design, synthesis, and preliminary biological evaluation

Abstract Three new Vitamin D analogs 3 – 5 incorporating a –CHF 2 group as an –OH surrogate have been prepared. Two of these new analogs ( 3 and 5 ) are strongly antiproliferative toward murine keratinocytes and are approximately 50 times less calciuric in vivo than the natural hormone calcitriol. The transcriptional activity of the 25-CHF 2 analog 3 is higher than that of the 1-CHF 2 analog 4 .
Aeroelastic performance evaluation of a flexure box morphing airfoil concept

The flexure-box morphing aileron concept utilizes Macro-Fiber Composites (MFCs) and a compliant box to create a conformal morphing aileron. This work evaluates the impact of the number of MFCs on the performance, power and mass of the aileron by experimentally investigating two different actuator configurations: unimorph and bimorph. Implemented in a NACA 0012 airfoil with 304.8 mm chord, the unimorph and bimorph configurations are experimentally tested over a range of flow speeds from 5 to 20 m/s and angles of attack from -20 to 20 degrees under aerodynamic loads in a wind tunnel. An embedded flexible sensor is installed in the aileron to evaluate the effect of aerodynamic loading on tip position. For both design choices, the effect of actuation on lift, drag and pitching moment coefficients are measured. Finally, the impact on aileron mass and average power consumption due to the added MFCs is considered. The results showed the unimorph exhibiting superior ability to influence flow up to 15 m/s, with equivalent power consumption and lower overall mass. At 20 m/s, the bimorph exhibited superior control over aerodynamic forces and the unimorph experienced significant deformation due to aerodynamic loading.
Stem studies of ruthenium dispersed on a pillared clay Fischer-Tropsch catalyst

Abstract Analytical electron microscopy has been used to study the size, disposition and location of Ru microcrystallites dispersed on a microporous, pillared clay Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. High resolution bright-field and dark-field imaging along with microanalysis revealed the presence of Ru aggregates less than 6 nm in diameter for catalysts that had been reduced in hydrogen prior to catalytic experiments. EDS microanalysis and nanodiffraction studies on particles as small as 3.7 nm confirmed the identity of pure Ru aggregates and demonstrated their crystallinity. Z-contrast and dark-field imaging showed the presence of microcrystallites within relatively thick regions of the support, indicating that the Ru particles are retained inside the pillared clay particles even after many hours of use as a catalyst. Catalysts which were not prereduced formed much larger Ru aggregates up to 60 nm in diameter on the external surfaces of the pillared clay support.
Is Cytology Required for a Hematuria Evaluation

ABSTRACTPurpose: The value of urine cytology in evaluating patients with hematuria remains controversial. The American Urological Association Best Practice Policy on Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria recommends cytology only in patients with risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). This study evaluated how often urine cytology yielded supportive or unique information that led to the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma, the cost of that information and whether it would have been obtained using the current best practice policy.Materials and Methods: Between March 1976 and June 1985, 1,000 sequential patients with 1 episode of gross hematuria or microscopic hematuria, defined as greater than 3 red blood cells per high power field on 2 of 3 properly collected urinalyses, were evaluated according to a standard protocol in a closed panel health care system in the state of Hawaii. These records were reviewed to determine if urine cytology yielded supportive or unique information that led to the ...
Current status of cholecystokinin as a short-term satiety hormone

Abstract Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a putative short-term satiety hormone which may regulate meal size and the intermeal interval. A series of criteria are proposed to determine whether CCK can be regarded as a short-term satiety hormone. The available data indicate that the CCK-induced inhibition of food intake may not be chemically specific (to CCK) but is behaviorally specific (to ingestive responses). The physiological nature of the necessary doses is unclear. The effects of CCK seem to simulate natural satiety, and these effects appear to be consistent across wide ranges of nutritional deficit. The mechanism of the effect may involve the feeding-associated areas of the brain. The effect has been shown in rats and monkeys, but data from humans have been inconsistent. CCK appears to be a promising factor which may participate in natural satiety along with many other factors.
Integral transform functions. A new class of approximate wave functions

Abstract The construction of a new class of approximate wave functions by integral transforms is described. Slater and Gaussian type functions correspond to special, limiting cases of the new class. Some of the conceptual and practical advantages associated with the new functions are discussed.
Band Anticrossing in GaInNAs Alloys

We present evidence for a strong interaction between the conduction band and a narrow resonant band formed by nitrogen states in $\mathrm{Ga}{}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{In}{}_{x}\mathrm{N}{}_{y}\mathrm{As}{}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}$ alloys. The interaction leads to a splitting of the conduction band into two subbands and a reduction of the fundamental band gap. An anticrossing of the extended states of the conduction band of the $\mathrm{Ga}{}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{In}{}_{x}\mathrm{As}$ matrix and the localized nitrogen resonant states is used to model the interaction. Optical transitions associated with the energy minima of the two subbands and the characteristic anticrossing behavior of the transitions under applied hydrostatic pressure have been unambiguously observed using photomodulation spectroscopy. The experimental results are in excellent quantitative agreement with the model.
Bonding rearrangements of hydrogen-bonded complexes involving alkynes.

Molecules containing a C−C triple bond, such as HC⋮CH, FC⋮CF, and the C⋮CH radical, are allowed to interact with a partner molecule of H2O, NH3, or HF. Quantum chemical calculations show that these C⋮CH···X H-bonded complexes are bound by up to 4 kcal·mol-1. More importantly, they can rearrange in such a way that the partner molecule adds to the triple bond so as to form a double CC bond. Whereas this process is strongly exoergic, there is a high-energy barrier to this rearrangement process. On the other hand, when a second water molecule is added to the complex, it can shuttle protons from the donor part of the complex to the acceptor, and thereby greatly reduce the rearrangement energy barrier. In the case of CCH + 2H2O, this barrier is computed to be less than 4 kcal·mol-1.
Persistent Eustachian Valve Causing Severe Cyanosis in Atrial Septal Defect with Normal Right Heart Pressures

A 22-year-old female with cyanotic congenital heart disease was found to have veno-arterial shunting via a large secundum atrial septal defect despite normal pulmonary arterial and right ventricula...
STRESS BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR INFINITE WEDGES

Stress boundary-value problem for infinite wedges is formulated as a well-posed one by imposing a certain regularity requirements at infinity and at the vertex. It is then solved with complete rigor by means of Mellin transforms and the necessity of the regularity condition to assure the uniqueness of solution is further explored. By establishing the existence as well as the rate of its convergence of the complex inversion integral, a numerical scheme has been proposed and numerical examples have been worked out as illustrations.
Communications to the Editor---Note on the Problem of Lump-Sum Losses in Sales Training

Companies that organize large scale training programs for technical salesmen often find that a certain proportion of these salesmen do not complete the program. Thus, at the completion of the program the company finds itself short of the required number of trained salesmen, unless it has originally hired more technical salesmen than it requires. This note discuses a decision-theoretic approach to this problem of overhiring; that is, how many trainees should be hired in order to have the right number of trained salesmen at completion of the training program and still minimize variable training costs.
Visualization of Three-Dimensional Delaunay Meshes

We describe an algorithm for the rapid display of three-dimensional Delaunay meshes (or selected portions thereof) on standard raster displays, without the use of special purpose graphics hardware. The algorithm allows the display of the interior structure as well as the surface of the mesh, and furthermore does not require that the meshed domain be convex, or even connected. The algorithm computes a depth ordering on the mesh elements. This ordering can be used to display subsets of the mesh, as well as isosurfaces induced by fields represented on the mesh. Furthermore, by utilizing mesh coherence, the depth ordering can be used to view the mesh from front to back as well as back to front. An implementation of the algorithm has been incorporated in a system for designing and analyzing the performance of three-dimensional semiconductor and electronic packaging structures. The system is in regular use and the mesh-display algorithm has been used to visualize both meshes and fields computed over the meshes.
Renin Is Expressed in Rat Macrophage/Monocyte Cells

Abstract The cardiac renin-angiotensin system has been suggested to be involved in various pathological conditions, including hypertrophy and remodeling. However, direct evidence that the renin synthesized in situ is really involved in the putative angiotensin II generation is still lacking because of the relatively low abundance of renin mRNA in cardiac tissues. We evaluated renin mRNA expression levels in the ventricles under various pathological conditions and found that renin gene expression was markedly increased in the ventricles of isoproterenol-treated rats. Renin mRNA expression levels in the ventricles of rats that had been injected with isoproterenol (150 mg/kg SC) were transiently and markedly increased to 6-, 90-, and 4-fold compared with control expression levels at 24, 72, and 120 hours, respectively, after isoproterenol administration. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that some of the OX-42–positive macrophage/monocyte cells had a reninlike immunoreactivity. An in vitro experiment indicated that rat peritoneal macrophage/monocyte cells expressed renin mRNA in abundance. The present study confirmed that a subpopulation of macrophage/monocyte cells could express renin. Macrophage/monocyte cells may be a source of tissue renin in some pathological conditions.
Frequency-locked light scattering: real-time Doppler velocimetry with closed-loop feedback control

Real-time measurement capability of a frequency-modulated filtered light-scattering- (FM FLS) Doppler velocimeter has been demonstrated. Doppler-shifted light from a frequency-modulated Ti:sapphire laser scattered from a supersonic flow is imaged through a potassium vapor cell and is detected by FM spectroscopy. The FM signal is used in closed-loop feedback control of the laser frequency to lock the Doppler-shifted scattered light to the resonance frequency of the filter. The difference between the filter resonance frequency and the laser frequency when the scattered light is frequency locked to the filter resonance is the flow-induced Doppler shift. Changes in flow velocity are tracked by changes in laser frequency, which is subsequently measured to obtain the Doppler shift. The frequency-locking capability of the technique was achieved with use of a simple analog controller. The random Doppler shift measurement errors (2varsigma) were approximately 20 MHz, which correspond to velocity measurement errors for the real-time measurement of less than 3% in a 10-Hz bandwidth.
New Strategies for Commercial Real Estate Investment and Risk Management

Credit Suisse First Boston recently announced it plans to offer several derivatives based on the NCREIF Property Index that will allow investors to either buy or sell the appreciation component of the NPI. Derivatives will also allow investors to swap property sector returns from the NPI. These derivatives will let investors invest in real estate, hedge real estate risk, and rebalance portfolios through property type swaps in ways not previously possible. These risk management techniques put commercial real estate on more of a par with financial assets like stocks.
Wave normal direction and spectral properties of whistler mode hiss observed on the DE 1 satellite

Hiss is represented by a field distribution function in order to investigate magnetospheric hiss as a spatially and temporally enduring phenomenon. The study takes into account the whistler mode relationships and the linear and spin motion of the satellite. Hiss signals received on September 23, 1983 by the DE-1 electric and magnetic field antennas are analyzed. A wave normal angle of 60 + or - 5 deg with respect to the local geomagnetic field is found near the geomagnetic equator, and wave normal directions from 30-80 deg with respect to the local geomagnetic field are found away from the equator.
The relationship of juvenile lumbar disc disease and Scheuermann's disease

Between 1969 and 1979 five children were found to have lumbar disc disease and were evaluated for clinically unsuspected thoracic spine abnormalities. Of these five children, two had Scheuermann's disease and one had disc space narrowing associated with Schmorl's nodes. One other had narrowed disc spaces without bony defects, and one had a normal thoracic spine. A unitary concept of childhood lumbar disc disease, Schmorl's nodes and Scheuermann's disease is suggested.
Deep inspiration breath-hold technique for left-sided breast cancer: An analysis of predictors for organ-at-risk sparing

To identify anatomic and treatment characteristics that correlate with organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing with deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) technique to guide patient selection for this technique. Anatomic and treatment characteristics and radiation doses to OARs were compared between free-breathing and DIBH plans. Linear regression analysis was used to identify factors independently predicting for cardiac sparing. We identified 64 patients: 44 with intact breast and 20 postmastectomy. For changes measured directly on treatment planning scans, DIBH plans decreased heart-chest wall length (6.5 vs 5.0cm, p < 0.001), and increased lung volume (1074.4 vs 1881.3cm(3), p < 0.001), and for changes measured after fields are set, they decreased maximum heart depth (1.1 vs 0.3cm, p < 0.001) and heart volume in field (HVIF) (9.1 vs 0.9cm(3), p < 0.001). DIBH reduced the mean heart dose (3.4 vs 1.8Gy, p < 0.001) and lung V20 (19.6% vs 15.3%, p < 0.001). Regression analysis found that only change in HVIF independently predicted for cardiac sparing. We identified patients in the bottom quartile of the dosimetric benefits seen with DIBH and categorized the cause of this "minimal benefit." Overall, 29% of patients satisfied these criteria for minimal benefit with DIBH and the most common cause was favorable baseline anatomy. Only the reduction in HVIF predicted for reductions in mean heart dose; no specific anatomic surrogate for the dosimetric benefits of DIBH technique could be identified. Most patients have significant dosimetric benefit with DIBH, and this technique should be planned and evaluated for all patients receiving left-sided breast/chest wall radiation.
Protection of human colon epithelial cells against deoxycholate by rottlerin

The bile salt, deoxycholate (DOC), can harm cells and cause disease. Hence, there is interest in identifying compounds capable of protecting cells against DOC. In HCT-116 colon epithelial cells, DOC increased generation of reactive oxygen species and caused DNA damage and apoptosis. These effects of DOC were inhibited by rottlerin, which is a phenolic compound of plant origin. In elucidating its mechansim, rottlerin prevented the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol, and also prevented the cleavage of caspase-3. Yet, rottlerin by itself markedly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial superoxide production, but this did not result in cytochrome c release or in caspase-3 cleavage. At a higher test concentration, two other phenolic phytochemicals, namely, quercetin and resveratrol, were each able to largely prevent the occurrence of apoptosis in cells exposed to DOC. In contrast, epigallocatechin gallate, curcumin, and genistein were ineffective.