cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression, regulation and activity of a B2-type cyclin in mitotic and endoreduplicating maize endosperm.

Cyclin-dependent kinases, the master regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle, are complexes comprised of a catalytic serine/threonine protein kinase and an essential regulatory cyclin. The maize genome encodes over 50 cyclins grouped in different types, but they have been little investigated. We characterized a type B2 cyclin (CYCB2;2) during maize endosperm development, which comprises a cell proliferation phase based on the standard mitotic cell cycle, followed by an endoreduplication phase in which DNA replication is reiterated in the absence of mitosis or cytokinesis. CYCB2;2 RNA was present throughout the period of endosperm development studied, but its level declined as the endosperm transitioned from a mitotic to an endoreduplication cell cycle. However, the level of CYCB2;2 protein remained relatively constant during both stages of endosperm development. CYCB2;2 was recalcitrant to degradation by the 26S proteasome in endoreduplicating endosperm extracts, which could explain its sustained accumulation during endosperm development. In addition, although CYCB2;2 was generally localized to the nucleus of endosperm cells, a lower molecular weight form of the protein accumulated specifically in the cytosol of endoreduplicating endosperm cells. In dividing cells, CYCB2;2 appeared to be localized to the phragmoplast and may be involved in cytokinesis and cell wall formation. Kinase activity was associated with CYCB2;2 in mitotic endosperm, but was absent or greatly reduced in immature ear and endoreduplicating endosperm. CYCB2;2-associated kinase phosphorylated maize E2F1 and the “pocket” domains of RBR1 and RBR3. CYCB2;2 interacted with both maize CDKA;1 and CDKA;3 in insect cells. These results suggest CYCB2;2 functions primarily during the mitotic cell cycle, and they are discussed in the context of the roles of cyclins, CDKs and proteasome activity in the regulation of the cell cycle during endosperm development.
Ensenanzas en un Gimnasio: An Investigation of Modeling and Verbal Rehearsal on the Motor Performance of Hispanic Limited English Proficient Children

Abstract This study investigated the effects of modeling and verbal rehearsal on the motor performance of English-speaking and limited English proficient (LEP) children. Children (N = 64) in 4th-grade classes were randomly assigned to conditions in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 (Gender x Primary Language x Model Type x Rehearsal) factorial design. Boys and girls whose primary language was English or Spanish were assigned to either a verbal model or no-model condition as well as to a verbal rehearsal or no-rehearsal condition of the motor skills required to be performed. Analysis of variance revealed a significant Model Type x Primary Language interaction as well as a significant Rehearsal x Primary Language interaction. Follow-Up analyses revealed that English-speaking children provided with a verbal rehearsal strategy recalled significantly more skills than English-speaking children in the no-rehearsal condition; for LEP children, there were no differences due to rehearsal. Moreover, LEP children presented with a verb...
Anti-Salmonella activity of (2E)-alkenals.

Aims: This study investigated the effect of a series of naturally occurring aliphatic (2E)-alkenals against Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis ATCC 35640 and evaluated their antibacterial action. Method and Results: A homologous series of aliphatic (2E)-alkenals from C5–C13 were tested for their antibacterial activity against Salm. Choleraesuis. The antibacterial action of (2E)-alkenals against Salm. choleraesuis increases with increasing carbon chain length. (2E)-Dodecenal (C12) was the most effective against this food-borne bacterium with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 6·25 μg ml−1 (34 μmol l−1), followed by (2E)-undecenal (C11) with an MBC of 12·5 μg ml−1 (77 μmol l−1). The activity was found to correlate with the hydrophobic alkyl chain length from the hydrophilic aldehyde group. The time-kill curve study showed that (2E)-dodecenal was bactericidal against Salm. choleraesuis at any growth stage. Conclusions: The antibacterial activity of (2E)-alkenals against Salm. choleraesuis was found to correlate with the hydrophobic alkyl chain length. The conjugated double bond is not essential in eliciting the activity but is associated with increasing it. Significance and Impact of the Study: Because of their easy availability and wide distribution in many edible plants, (2E)-alkenals can be used as anti-Salmonella agents.
πK correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Abstract We show that strong and Coulomb final-state interactions induce correlations between π and K mesons emitted with small relative momenta (⩽ 100 MeV/c) from relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Measurements of these correlations, estimated to have a (5–10)% effect, might further constrain source parameters and/or πK scattering lengths. Strong-interaction correlations ⩽ 5% are also estimated for π+π− pairs.
Voluntary intoxication and criminal responsibility

This paper reviews the law related to voluntary intoxication and criminal responsibility in the 50 United States, the District of Columbia, the US Virgin islands, and Puerto Rico. Statutory and case law citations are provided which govern the use of intoxication evidence in each jurisdiction to negate mens rea (i.e., to establish diminished capacity), to support an insanity defense, and to mitigate criminal sentencing. Factors that courts typically focus on when deciding whether to admit this evidence in a particular case are discussed, and these factors are related to clinically relevant criteria.
Moving from site to presence with a writing program's online identity

This report explores the activity of a graduate "Digital Rhetoric" class that was largely responsible for the redesign of a stand-alone writing program's institutional website and its migration to a new, institutionally-mandated content management system. Despite notable successes, the class-based project failed to take into account the complex socio-technical networks that inform institutional websites. Building on these findings, the project continues --- not just to improve the website, but to map a "presence" for the department that is both distributed across multiple online publishing platforms and embedded in teaching and research within the program.
Rational torsion in complex-multiplication elliptic curves

Abstract Let E be an elliptic curve with complex multiplication, j its j-invariant, F its multiplication field, L = Q(j), and H = F(j). A complete tabulation is given of the possible torsion of E rational over L or over H.
Premature closure of the foramen ovale and hypoplasia of the left heart

Although premature closure of the foramen ovale has been proposed as a possible cause of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, very few such cases have been described. We have seen two examples of the combination and no associated malformations. In both the foramen was firmly closed on its left atrial aspect and the dimensions of the left sided structures were well below normal values.
Extent of Lymphadenectomy in Esophageal Cancer: How Many Lymph Nodes Is Enough?

There is no question that presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis in esophageal cancer is one of the most powerful prognostic indicators. Multiple studies have demonstrated that patients with lymph node metastasis have more aggressive tumor biology, higher rates of locoregional and distant recurrence, and hence, worse survival. Esophageal cancer staging according to the sixth edition of the tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging manual of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) uses only the location of the involved LN or the distance from the primary tumor for nodal disease staging (i.e., N1 versus M1a).1 This method tends to group patients with very different disease burden and biologic behavior into a similar stage, resulting in a less powerful staging system. More recent studies have explored the impact of LN metastases further, and investigators seem to agree that it is not only a question of the presence or absence of nodal disease, but more importantly, how many LN are involved with disease.2,3 Rizk and colleagues reported that the prognosis of patients after esophagectomy worsens significantly after four or more lymph nodes have metastases, irrespective of T stage.3 LN subclassification according to nodal groupings showed differences in survival curves, and better prognostic stratification can be obtained to facilitate treatment decisions. The Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration has reported with tremendous effort an international and multi-institutional dataset that refined the recommendations for the revised esophageal cancer staging system and incorporates the important factor of extent of nodal disease.4 After these and other studies highlighted the importance of lymph node subclassification, the upcoming seventh edition of the AJCC TNM staging manual has incorporated these changes into a more robust esophageal cancer staging system.5 The new staging will have three groups of positive nodal disease (N1, 1–2 regional LN; N2, 3–6 regional LN; N3, more than 7 metastatic LN).5 The need for more detailed nodal analysis now puts the pressure on performing a thorough and adequate lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy in order to ensure an accurate nodal stage, but what is the optimal extent of lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer to ensure adequate LN clearance and avoid understaging the disease? Does a more radical lymphadenectomy confer a survival advantage, or is the improved survival an effect of stage migration? Is a more radical lymphadenectomy also necessary in cases where chemoradiation therapy is also administered?
Carl scholl, Gustav Struve, and the problematics of philosemitism in 1840s Germany: Radical Christian dissent and the reform Jewish response

The 1840s were a crucial moment in the development of Jewish-Christian relations in Germany. One reason for this was that the 1840s were a period of tremendous internal struggle within Christianity. On the one hand, the 1840s saw the successful revival of conservative theological trends within both Protestantism and Catholicism, as well as the politicization of this religious conservatism; the calculated deployment of anti-Jewish rhetoric was an important feature of the new religious right's bid for political influence.1 On the other hand, specifically in reaction to this rise of neoorthodoxy, the 1840s also witnessed the emergence of a liberal-left Christian dissenting movement; the dissenters split from the established Protestant and Catholic churches and founded democratically run congregations dedicated to individual freedom of belief, cross-confessional cooperation, and the separation of church and state. The most basic reason for the emergence of dissent lay in the widely felt need to create an organized humanist form of Christianity. The dissenters sought to provide individuals with a tolerant, supportive community in which they could combine reason and spirituality and express a faith that was no less fervent despite its disgust at the hierarchical control and rigidly exclusivist doctrines the Catholic church in particular was promoting. As Hermann Greive has pointed out, these movements have in retrospect been seen, "quite wrongly, as fringe movements," whereas in actuality they represented "an elementary outburst of enlightened religiosity arousing an exceptionally wide response in the ranks of the petty and
How will demand response aggregators affect electricity markets? — A Cournot game analysis

The future electricity grid will include greater and more sophisticated demand side participation. Favored by recent rulings by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Demand Response (DR) aggregators can combine load requests from a large consumer base and provide load modifications that will be compensated in the wholesale electricity market at the market price. This paper examines the market effects of including Green Energy Management System (GEMS), a future Demand Response (DR) program that will take advantage of operational flexibility of certain types of loads to shape demand profile. Adopting a Cournot game model, we give equilibrium analysis of wholesale electricity market incorporating GEMS as a DR aggregator. The players in the game include traditional generators, the GEMS, and the Independent System Operator (ISO). We provide generalized forms of the optimality conditions for each of these players and show that under certain conditions, the market equilibrium exists and is unique. Our numerical results indicate that the inclusion of GEMS within the power network reduces the average market price of electricity and saves money for customers.
Tea and flavonoids: where we are, where to go next

There is a need to evaluate the evidence about the health effects of tea flavonoids and to provide valid, specific, and actionable tea consumption information to consumers. Emerging evidence suggests that the flavonoids in tea may be associated with beneficial health outcomes, whereas the benefits and risks of tea extracts and supplements are less well known. The next steps in developing tea science should include a focus on the most promising leads, such as reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke, rather than pursuing smaller, more diffuse studies of many different health outcomes. Future tea research should also include the use of common reference standards, better characterization of intervention products, and application of batteries of biomarkers of intakes and outcomes across studies, which will allow a common body of evidence to be developed. Mechanistic studies should determine which tea bioactive constituents have effects, whether they act alone or in combination, and how they influence health. Clinical studies should use well-characterized test products, better descriptions of baseline diets, and validated biomarkers of intake and disease risk reduction. There should be more attention to careful safety monitoring and adverse event reporting. Epidemiologic investigations should be of sufficient size and duration to detect small effects, involve populations most likely to benefit, use more complete tea exposure assessment, and include both intermediary markers of risk as well as morbidity and mortality outcomes. The construction of a strong foundation of scientific evidence on tea and health outcomes is essential for developing more specific and actionable messages on tea for consumers.
Visual pigment types and quantum-catch ratios: implications from three marine teleosts.

Experimental data on photoreceptor cells and visual pigments are the basis for model calculations per- formed to assess photoreceptor quantum catches under disparate irradiance conditions. Three unrelated species of fish-black sea bass (Centropristis striata), sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus), and adult winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)-are considered. In each case, receptor type quantum catches are compared for various water types and depths. By associating the habit and habitat of an organism with the physical prop- erties of its photoreceptors, quantum-catch ratios are found as possible criteria in the selection of pigment peaks (A,,,). In addition to integrated ("total") quantum catches by the receptor types, rates of quantum catches are de- termined as a function of wavelength. The latter functions are replotted as pairwise difference spectra. These, in turn, are used to assess the ability of receptor types to participate in wavelength discrimination.
Application of the Incomplete Gamma Function to Predict Cumulative Milk Production

Abstract The incomplete gamma function was used to generate lactation curves for a large sample of Holstein records from the Northeast Dairy Herd Improvement Association files. Curves were fitted by linear regression on the logarithmic transformation of the incomplete gamma function. Effects of month of freshening, days open, and intra- and interherd variability in cumulative yield were determined separately by linear regression for first, second, and later lactations for each parameter of the model. These predictions were used to extend partial records of milk production to 305-day equivalent. Predicted effects of parity number and season of freshening on incomplete gamma parameters b and c were used to specify shape of the lactation curve for partial records. Since most variation in lactation curves for high and low producing cows was due to variation in the equation multiplier, this parameter (A) was changed to shift the predicted curve closer to observations in the partial records. Predictions of 305-day cumulative yield from partial records by this technique had smaller root mean squares (356 to 586 kg) than the test interval method with extension factors (396 to 751 kg).
Guantanamo Bay as a Foucauldian Phenomenon: An Analysis of Penal Discourse, Technologies, and Resistance

The Detention Camp at Guantanamo Bay (DCGB) has emerged as one of the most controversial penal institutions in a post-9/11 world, raising sharp questions about its legality under international law and reports of harsh confinement conditions, coercive interrogations, and indefinite detention. Although a fast-growing literature addresses those issues, there are few penological excursions into the precise nature of DCGB and its internal workings. Attempting to offer a coherent theoretical interpretation, this article situates DCGB within the work of Michel Foucault. Although Foucault has undergone considerable critique for his writings on imprisonment, there remains much potential for improving scholars' understanding of the prison and specifically the role of DCGB in the war on terror. The analysis sets out to decipher the significance of penal discourse, technologies, and resistance unfolding at DCGB. By doing so, critical insights into various forms of modern power are illuminated alongside their unintend...
Transformation of relational schemas to object-oriented schemas

We present an algorithm that transforms schemas of relational databases to schemas of object-oriented databases (OODB). This algorithm has the following special features: (1) it transforms schemas between two commercial database systems, i.e., from Sybase relational schemas to O/sub 2/ OODB schemas; (2) it initiates limited interactive sessions between the schema transformer and its user when additional input to the schema transformer is necessary although most of the transformation is automated; and (3) the transformed schemas are typical OODB schemas that may contain class hierarchies, composition hierarchies, set attributes and subtuple constructs.
Distributions of Topological States in Circular DNA

A distinctive feature of closed circular DNA molecules is their particular topological state, which cannot be altered by any conformational rearrangement short of breaking at least one strand. This topological constraint opens unique possibilities for experimental studies of the distributions of topological states created in different ways. Primarily, the equilibrium distributions of topological properties are considered in the review. It is described how such distributions can be obtained and measured experimentally, and how they can be computed. Comparison of the calculated and measured equilibrium distributions over the linking number of complementary strands, equilibrium fractions of knots and links formed by circular molecules has provided much valuable information about the properties of the double helix. Study of the steady-state fraction of knots and links created by type II DNA topoisomerases has revealed a surprising property of the enzymes: their ability to reduce these fractions considerably below the equilibrium level.
Development of a battery runtime prediction algorithm and a method for determining its accuracy

Johnson Controls Battery Group, Inc. (JCBGI) has developed a battery performance algorithm which provides an accurate runtime prediction via continuous battery monitoring. The Energy Eye algorithm is based on a mathematical model that describes the batteries' relative state-of-charge as a function of voltage and discharge rate. Each battery design used with the algorithm has a unique set of mathematical constants derived from a comprehensive testing regime. The algorithm provides an accurate runtime prediction with stable output under constant and dynamic loads. It is compatible with continuous monitoring and updates battery performance using readily monitorable battery information. The algorithm also possesses a learning capacity to provide improved predictive capability, with an accurate and conservative prediction in the critical time frame near the end-of-discharge.
Rhabdomyolysis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Background: Rhabdomyolysis is a complex medical condition involving the rapid dissolution of damaged or injured skeletal muscle. Methods: This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, causes, presentation, diagnosis, complications, management, and anesthetic considerations related to rhabdomyolysis. Results: Any form of muscle damage––and by extension any entity that causes muscle damage––can initiate rhabdomyolysis. One of the most important treatment goals when rhabdomyolysis is suspected is avoiding acute kidney injury. Conclusion: All clinicians should be aware of common causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Is perceptual space inherently non-Euclidean?

Abstract It is often assumed that the space we perceive is Euclidean, although this idea has been challenged by many authors. Here we show that if spatial cues are combined as described by Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Bayesian, or equivalent models, as appears to be the case, then Euclidean geometry cannot describe our perceptual experience. Rather, our perceptual spatial structure would be better described as belonging to an arbitrarily curved Riemannian space.
RAPID: Shrinking the Congestion-Control Timescale

TCP congestion-control is fairly inefficient in achieving high throughput in high-speed and dynamic-bandwidth environments. The main culprit is the slow bandwidth-search process used by TCP, which may take up to several thousands of round-trip times (RTTs) in searching for and acquiring the end-to-end spare bandwidth. Even the recently-proposed "highspeed" transport protocols may take hundreds of RTTs for this. In this paper, we design a new approach for congestion-control that allows TCP connections to boldly search for, and adapt to, the available bandwidth within a single RTT. Our approach relies on carefully orchestrated packet sending times and estimates the available bandwidth based on the delays experienced by these. We instantiate our new protocol, referred to as RAPID, using mechanisms that promote efficiency, queue-friendliness, and fairness. Our experimental evaluations on gigabit networks indicate that RAPID: (i) converges to an updated value of bandwidth within 1-4 RTTs; (ii) helps maintain fairly small queues; (iii) has negligible impact on regular TCP traffic; and (iv) exhibits excellent intra-protocol fairness among co-existing RAPID transfers. The rate-based design allows RAPID to be truly RTT-fair.
Viscosity of the Earth

Direct and indirect estimates of the variation of viscosity with depth in the mantle indicate that a low viscosity layer exists in the upper mantle. A viscosity varying with depth can be used to reconcile the various estimates of relaxation times. If the seismic anelasticity can be used as a guide the average viscosity of the lower mantle is about 10^(23)P. Combined with previous estimates of the upper mantle viscosity this gives a relaxation time of about 3000 years for the non-equilibrium bulge of the Earth. This is close to the time from the last ice age but is much less than the 10^7 years required if the non-equilibrium bulge is due to the changing rate of rotation which requires an average mantle viscosity of 10^(26) P. If the latter value is correct the activation volume for creep is much larger than for anelasticity or the effect of a phase change in the upper mantle is more effective in suppressing creep than attenuation. The response of a layered viscous sphere to a surface load is calculated for a wide range of parameters including the above range of estimates for lower mantle viscosity. These results can be used to estimate the decay time, or the isostatic time scale, for various sized features.
Role of the parafusin orthologue, PRP1, in microneme exocytosis and cell invasion in Toxoplasma gondii

The association of PRP1, a Paramecium parafusin orthologue, with Toxoplasma gondii micronemes, now confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy, has here been studied in relation to exocytosis and cell invasion. PRP1 becomes labelled in vivo by inorganic 32P and is dephosphorylated when ethanol is used to stimulate Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of the micronemes. The ethanol Ca2+-stimulated exocytosis is accompanied by translocation of PRP1 and microneme content protein (MIC3) from the apical end of the parasite. Immunoblotting showed that PRP1 is redistributed inside the parasite, while microneme content is secreted. To study whether similar changes occur during cell invasion, quantitative microscopy was performed during secretion, invasion and exit (egress) from the host cell. Time-course experiments showed that fluorescence intensities of PRP1 and MIC3 immediately after invasion were reduced 10-fold compared to preinvasion levels, indicating that PRP1 translocation and microneme secretion accompanies invasion. MIC3 regained fluorescence intensity and apical distribution after 15 min, while PRP1 recovered after 1 h. Intensity of both proteins then increased throughout the parasite division period until host cell lysis, suggesting the need to secrete microneme proteins to egress. These studies suggest that PRP1 associated with the secretory vesicle scaffold serves an important role in Ca2+-regulated exocytosis and cell invasion.
Lumbar degenerative disk disease.

The sequelae of disk degeneration are among the leading causes of functional incapacity in both sexes and are a common source of chronic disability in the working years. Disk degeneration involves structural disruption and cell-mediated changes in composition. Mechanical, traumatic, nutritional, and genetic factors all may play a role in the cascade of disk degeneration, albeit to variable degree in different individuals. The presence of degenerative change is by no means an indicator of symptoms, and there is a very high prevalence in asymptomatic individuals. The etiology of pain as the symptom of degenerative disease is complex and appears to be a combination of mechanical deformation and the presence of inflammatory mediators. The role of imaging is to provide accurate morphologic information and influence therapeutic decision making. A necessary component, which connects these two purposes, is accurate natural history data. Understanding the relationship of etiologic factors, the morphologic alterati...
Impact of Strand Number on Parallel β-Sheet Stability

We have examined whether parallel β-sheet secondary structure becomes more stable as the number of β-strands increases, via comparisons among peptides designed to adopt two- or three-stranded parallel β-sheet conformations in aqueous solution. Our three-strand design is the first experimental model of a triple-stranded parallel β-sheet. Analysis of the designed peptides by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy supports the hypothesis that increasing the number of β-strands, from two to three, increases the stability of the parallel β-sheet. We present the first experimental evidence for cooperativity in the folding of a triple-stranded parallel β-sheet, and we show how minimal model systems may enable experimental documentation of characteristic properties, such as CD spectra, of parallel β-sheets.
Introduction to the scheduling problem

Scheduling-a central task in high-level synthesis-involves determining the execution order of operations in a behavioral description. After introducing the scheduling problem, this paper describes four scheduling algorithms commonly used to solve it. >
Unwitting distributed genetic programming via asynchronous JavaScript and XML

The success of a genetic programming system in solving a problem is often a function of the available computational resources. For many problems, the larger the population size and the longer the genetic programming run the more likely the system is to find a solution. In order to increase the probability of success on difficult problems, designers and users of genetic programming systems often desire access to distributed computation, either locally or across the internet, to evaluate fitness cases more quickly. Most systems for internet-scale distributed computation require a user's explicit participation and the installation of client side software. We present a proof-of-concept system for distributed computation of genetic programming via asynchronous javascript and XML (AJAX) techniques which requires no explicit user interaction and no installation of client side software. Clients automatically and possibly even unknowingly participate in a distributed genetic programming system simply by visiting a webpage, thereby allowing for the solution of genetic programming problems without running a single local fitness evaluation. The system can be easily introduced into existing webpages to exploit unused client-side computation for the solution of genetic programming and other problems.
You Could Have Just Asked: Reply to Francis (2012)

In an earlier article (Galak & Meyvis, 2011), we reported eight studies that demonstrate people’s tendency to remember unpleasant experiences as more aversive when they think they will experience them again. Based on a test that, ironically, suffers from publication bias, Francis (2012) estimated that there is a high probability that we obtained at least one unsuccessful study that was left in the file drawer. He then argues that, because of this, our findings should be discounted. We propose that, instead of engaging in a statistical fishing expedition, Francis should have simply asked us for our file drawer. If he had done so, he would have quickly realized that a meta-analysis of all our studies (both published and unpublished) shows that the effect we reported is highly reliable. We suggest that when the answer is out there, it makes more sense to ask for it than to estimate it.
Stereotyping of women's images portrayed in prime time Chinese TV series from 1979 to 2008: Has the picture changed over time?

This study examines how women were portrayed in prime time Chinese television series from 1979 to 2008. It investigates whether female characters’ occupations and occupational status changed over time. It then compares the occupational distributions of the female characters on TV with female occupations in real life. A content analysis of 63 prime time TV series depicting 298 women in contemporary Chinese society was conducted to determine whether the programs reinforced or challenged female stereotypes. The findings show female characters in TV series had a variety of occupations over three decades. However, they were rarely portrayed as having top management power in the workplace. In addition, the variety and type of occupations shown in the TV series only partly reflect reality. The results suggest stereotypes of women on television have changed, showing them less dependent and with growing power in society.
On predicting rare classes with SVM ensembles in scene classification

Scene classification is an important technique to infer high-level semantic scene categories from low-level visual features. However, in the real world the positive data for many scenes may be rare, which degrades the performance of many classifiers. In this paper, we propose SVM ensembles to address the rare class problem. Various classifier combination strategies are investigated, including majority voting, sum rule, neural network gater and hierarchical SVMs. We also compare our method with two other common approaches for dealing with the rare class problem. Our experimental results show that hierarchical SVMs can achieve significantly better and more stable performance than other strategies, as well as high computational efficiency.
Memory minimization for tensor contractions using integer linear programming

This paper presents a technique for memory optimization for a class of computations that arises in the field of correlated electronic structure methods such as coupled cluster and configuration interaction methods in quantum chemistry. In this class of computations, loop computations perform a multi-dimensional sum of product of input arrays. There are many different ways to get the same final results that differ in the required number of arithmetic operations required. In addition, for a given number of arithmetic operations, different expressions of the loop have different memory requirements. Loop fusion is a plausible solution for reducing memory usage. By fusing loops between producer loop nest and consumer loop nest, the required storage of intermediate array is reduced by the range of the fused loop. Because resultant loops have to be legal after fusion, some loops can not be fused at the same time. In this paper, we have developed a novel integer linear programming (ILP) formulation that is shown to be highly effective on a number of test cases producing the optimal solutions using very small execution times. The main idea in the ILP formulation is the encoding of legality rules for loop fusion of a special class of loops using logical constraints over binary decision variables and a highly effective approximation of memory usage.
How much is enough? The question of extent of resection in glioblastoma multiforme.

lioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which by definition is an infiltrative disease with tumor cells of astrocytic lineage, G remains an illness with a grim prognosis (6). Despite advances in microsurgical techniques, new chemotherapy and radiation paradigms, median survival remains less than 2 years. One of the central controversies in management of GBM is the importance of the extent of resection (EOR) on length of survival (LOS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In effect, the infiltrative nature of the disease makes it impossible to achieve a surgical cure, in contrast to other solid tumors of the central nervous system or beyond. This problem was recognized in the 1930s, when Dandy performed hemispherectomies on patients with GBM, who subsequently died when the GBM would spread to the contralateral hemisphere (1). This situation may have led to a nihilistic attitude among surgeons and the public alike when it came to this formidable disease.
Pre-enhancement ring density in resolving intracerebral hematomas

Pathologic material is presented demonstrating a pre-enhancement ring density in later stages of hematoma resolution on CT. This pre-enhancement ring density is due to aggregates of hemosiderinladen macrophages.
The Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research.

The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) is the newest of the eight agencies in the United States Public Health Service. It was established in 1989 to improve the quality, appropriateness, and effectiveness of healthcare services. Although its budget is relatively small, $128.5 million this year, AHCPR promises to play an increasingly important role in quality of care issues. AHCPR is not involved directly in surveillance or epidemiology, but provides funding for researchers involved in such projects. Further, AHCPR is developing guidelines to improve quality of care; many such guidelines should have a major impact on hospital quality management (QM) projects. Perhaps the most visible component of AHCPR is the Office of the Forum for Quality and Effectiveness in Healthcare. This office convenes panels of healthcare experts to develop guidelines, or it conaaitracts with public and private nonprofit organizations to do so. The AHCPR began developing guidelines because research has identified major variations in the way physicians care for specific medical problems. Dramatic differences have been found among neighboring communities in rate of hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies, for example. These differences have raised concern that healthcare dollars are wasted on ineffective or inappropriate care. In response, the AHCPR is developing guidelines in areas of medicine where there is no strong consensus among physicians about what works best and for whom. AHCPR considers a number of factors in selecting guideline topics, including: " Adequacy of science-based evidence. " Number of individuals affected by the clinical condition.
Body Image and Disordered Eating Among Asian American and Caucasian College Students: An Examination of Race and Gender Differences

Using a sample of Caucasian and Asian American college students, this research examined gender differences within race and race differences within gender with respect to a wide range of body image and disordered eating variables. Results indicated that: (a) regardless of race, women reported more problem attitudes and behaviors than did men; (b) gender differences were similar for Asian Americans and Caucasians, although Caucasians evidenced slightly more gender differences than did Asian Americans; (c) for men, race made no difference; and (d) for women, some race differences were found, with Caucasian women engaging in more dieting and binging behavior and Asian American women reporting lower self-esteem and less satisfaction with their racially defined features. Suggestions for future research are made, and implications are discussed.
Major Numerical Forecast Failures over the Northeast Pacific

Abstract Strong North Pacific storms that impact the North American west coast are sometimes poorly predicted in the short term (up to 48 h) by operational models, with cyclone position errors of hundreds of kilometers and central pressure errors of tens of millibars. These major numerical forecast failures still occur despite continuing improvements in modeling and data assimilation. In this paper, the frequency and intensity of sea level pressure errors at buoy and coastal locations are documented by comparing the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Eta Model forecasts to observations and through case studies of two poorly forecast cyclones from the 2001/02 winter season. Using data from October 1999 through March 2003 at coastal and offshore sites along the west coast of North America, it was found that large forecast errors (48-h sea level pressure errors greater than 10 mb) by the Eta Model occur 10–15 times each winter, and extremely large errors (48-h errors greater than 15 mb) occ...
Outcomes After Lumbar Disc Herniation in the National Basketball Association

BACKGROUND: Professional basketball players are at risk for lumbar disc herniation (LDH), yet the evidence guiding treatment after operative or nonoperative management of this condition in the National Basketball Association (NBA) is limited. HYPOTHESIS: NBA players with LDH will have different performance outcomes based on treatment type. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4. METHODS: Athletes in the NBA with an LDH were identified through team injury reports, transaction records, and public sports archives. A 1:2 case-control study was performed in which LDH players and players without LDH were matched for player variables. Statistical analysis was employed to compare pre- and postindex season performance (games played and player efficiency rating [PER]) and career longevity between test subjects and controls in the operatively treated (OT) and nonoperatively treated (NOT) cohorts. RESULTS: A total of 61 NBA players with LDH were included, of whom 34 underwent discectomy and 27 were managed nonoperatively. Return-to-play (RTP) rates did not differ between NOT and OT players (77.8% vs 79.4%). When compared with controls, OT players played significantly fewer games and had a lower PER than controls during the first postoperative season, but no difference was seen 2 and 3 years after surgery, with no difference in postoperative career length. In contrast, no difference in games played or PER was seen between NOT players and controls, although NOT players played significantly fewer postindex seasons. CONCLUSION: NBA players have a high RTP rate regardless of type of treatment for LDH; however, postindex performance differs between surgically and nonoperatively managed patients when compared with players without an LDH. However, further studies with a larger sample size are required for more definitive recommendations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There is a high RTP rate after LDH in the NBA, although postindex performance may differ based on operative versus nonoperative treatment. Language: en
Workaholism: An Outdoor Play Therapy Cure

Describes the use of an outdoor play therapy experience in the setting of a six-hour group hike. The setting and the activities associated with the hike, attractive to the Free Child, are presented as significantly effective in the treatment of workaholism. The context is especially productive for the confrontation of the specific behaviors of the workaholic clients which manifest the influence of such internal dynamic processes as discounting, drivers, and Parent and Child contamination. Confrontations focus upon awareness by the client of the particular behavior and its antecedents, and then upon selection of more desireable and useful alternatives and upon redecision by the client to incorporate the alternative(s) chosen. Several case illustrations are included.
Munchausen's syndrome and other factitious disorders.

This article provides an update on the clinical features of Munchausen's syndrome and other factitious disorders. Presentations frequently encountered in neurology and psychiatry are emphasized, including Munchausen's syndrome by proxy. Clinical management and factors associated with better prognosis are discussed and summarized.
Development of embryonic guinea pig mullerian ducts in anterior eye chamber grafts.

Summary(a) Anterior chamber grafts of embryonic guinea pig female reproductive ducts developed into uterus in all types of hosts. Definite uterine glands were found in grafts from all hosts except the castrate male, (b) Similar grafts of embryonic male reproductive ducts developed as Mullerian tissue, and in one case definite glands were present; in only 2 of these grafts was Wolffian tissue present also.
3D elastic wave modeling using modified high‐order time stepping schemes with improved stability conditions

Summary We present two Lax-Wendroff type high-order time stepping schemes and apply them to solving the 3D elastic wave equation. The proposed schemes have the same format as the Taylor series expansion based schemes, only with modified temporal extrapolation coefficients. We demonstrate by both theoretical analysis and numerical examples that the modified schemes significantly improve the stability conditions.
Documentation of Student Pharmacists' Interventions from Medication Histories in a Primary Care Setting:

Background:Medication safety is a major concern in primary care. Documented interventions by clinical pharmacists have shown positive clinical outcomes. In addition, it has been shown that student pharmacists have positive outcomes when participating in their advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). Most of this documentation has taken place in hospital settings. No data are available regarding interventions performed when APPE students record medication histories prior to a primary care provider (PCP) appointment.Objective:To describe the number and types of interventions made by APPE students in recording medication histories and to describe PCP acceptance rates.Methods:This prospective study documented the interventions from medication histories by 2 APPE students. With faculty supervision, the students recorded medication histories and vital signs prior to patient appointments with their PCPs. This was done approximately 1.5 days/week. Recommendations to the PCP were made verbally prior to the ...
Essential public health service current situation of implementation in country

Objective To analyse and offer constructive suggestions for essential public health service in country. Methods Use the method of data check,interview and questionnaire survey to collection and analyse data of 20 health clinics in towns and townships in Binyang county. Results The government's funds in essential public health service is 25 yuan per capita. The rate of bookbuilding of resident health record is 73.56%; The amount of health education in resident reach 78.3 ten thousand person-time; The rate of card of children's preventive vaccination is 100%; The rate of first kind vaccinoprophylaxis is 96.56%; The rate of children's health management is 82.62%; The rate of pregnant woman's health management is 90.14%; The rate of elderly people's health management is 84.00%; The hypertensive's health management is 38.68%, The rate of standard health management is 87.46%; The rate of diabetic patient health management is 42.63%, The rate of standard health management is 76.72%; The rate of principal characteristic psychopath standard health management is 82.27%. Conclusion The essential public health service in Binyang county is being normalized, But there are some works,,for example, the funds input, rational utilization and troop are need improve.
Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and capsular swelling test

The main purpose of the research is to evaluate the application feasibility of multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR)in serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae.A total of 568 strains were subjected to multiplex PCR and capsular swelling test respectively.The results demonstrated that 37.5% of the strains(213/568)could be successfully serotyped by capsular swelling test into 16 different serotypes,including serotypes 19(23.1%,131/568),6(5.3%,30/568),23(1.6%,9/568),14(1.4%,8/568),9(1.1%,6/568)and 15(1.1%,6/568);while 62.7% of the strains(356/568)could be successfully serotyped by multiplex PCR into 21 different serotypes,including serotypes 19(27.8%,158/568),23(8.5%,48/568),6(7.4%,42/568),14(4.4%,25/568),3(4.2%,24/568)and 15(3.5%,20/568).The multiplex PCR could not identify serotypes 4and 18 which could be identified by capsular swelling test,while the capsular swelling test could not identify serotypes 5,12,35,16,17 and 22which could be successfully identified by multiplex PCR.There was no significant difference between the two methods to identify serotypes 19Fand19 A.The results suggest that there is significant difference between the two methods in serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae.Multiplex PCR is more effective than the conventional capsular swelling test,especially for those specimens collected from complicated sources.The combination of the two methods can improve the serotyping efficiency of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Comparative theoretical kinetics and thermodynamics study on high-energy insensitive explosive 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene synthesis

Two synthesis methods were investigated in this study in order to explore feasible reaction pathways to obtain the target DADNE product: (1) the nitration of tetrahalogen ethene and (2) the reaction of acetamidine hydrochloride with dicarbonyl dichloride. Through theoretical simulation, the findings revealed that synthesis was possible, starting from acetamidine hydrochloride in a hydrated environment, followed by subsequent reaction routes via cyclization of the methoxy-substituted acetamidine anion intermediate with oxalyl chloride to form 2-methoxy-2-methyl-imidazolan-4,5-dione, acid-catalyzed synthesis of 2-methylene-imidazolan-4,5-dione, nitration using nitric acid to obtain 2-dinitromethylene-imidazolan-4,5-dione, and hydrolysis to produce 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene. A total energy of 1048.4 kJ mol(-1) was needed to carry out the reaction according to calculation of the energy barriers at each stage, as shown by the reaction profiles.