cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Reflective Model of Triadic Supervision as a Means of Fostering Cultural Humility

Our increasingly diverse world of clinical practice and supervision necessitates clinical supervisors foster supervisees’ abilities to attend to clients’ cultural contexts, lenses, and frameworks (Patallo in Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 13(3), 227–232, 2019). Equally relevant is promoting clinicians’ own critique of accepted clinical practices (Hardin et al. in American Psychologist, 69(7), 656–668, 2014). Such a stance is now being referred to as embodying cultural humility. It is emerging as central to culturally responsive and competent clinical practice (Patallo in Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 13(3), 227–232, 2019). Clinical supervision provides one context for fostering cultural humility. Clinical supervision has historically been delivered in one to one or group formats. However, across the last twenty years, triadic supervision has slowly and consistently made inroads as a legitimate and effective form of clinical supervision (Stinchfield et al. in International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 32, 225–239, 2007). This paper will describe one such triadic supervision model, the Reflective Model of Triadic Supervision (RMTS, Kleist and Hill in: The reflective model of triadic supervision, 2003) as a viable model to foster the development of cultural humility in supervision.
Extended thermodynamic model for high salinity produced waters

Abstract To support the development of desalination processes for high salinity produced waters, we developed a comprehensive thermodynamic model that reliably predicts the thermodynamic properties and phase behavior of produced water. This study extends a previously developed thermodynamic model for the aqueous hexary oceanic salt system by incorporating the Sr2+ and Ba2+ ions. Based on the electrolyte nonrandom two-liquid theory, the model requires two adjustable binary interaction parameters for each water-electrolyte and electrolyte-electrolyte pair that has a common ion. The binary interaction parameters for the electrolyte-electrolyte pairs involving Sr2+ and Ba2+ ions were identified using thermodynamic and salt solubility data. The model was validated for temperatures from 273.15 K to 473.15 K and electrolyte concentrations from infinite dilution to salt saturation. Extension of the model to include HCO3−, CO32−, and CO2 is currently in progress.
Every Crumb of Cake: W.E.B. Du Bois, Food, Intimacy, and Patriarchy

Intellectual histories of African American luminary W.E.B. Du Bois emphasize his thought at the expense of passing over the rich meanings embedded in his quotidian activities. Du Bois constructed p...
How Intangible Assets Affect the Corporate Financial Performances and How It Varies from Sector–to–Sector?

To explore the varied perspectives of intangible assets and corporate financial performance nexus, this study employs various measures, i.e. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Analysis reveals significant variances in different asset classes and in different sectors. The findings provide insights in risk-return paradigm of intangible investments and the successive returns besides helping the policymakers to settle the priority sector to get the expected result in line with the country’s investment policy.
Robust stability of buffered networked control

In discrete-time Networked Control Systems (NCSs), playback buffers turn network delays into time-invariant quantities but at the potential expense of increased packet losses and delays, which can destabilize the closed-loop system. We define a class of model-based control schemes and prove stability of the closed-loop system under arbitrary connectivity patterns. We also characterize their impulse response and behavior under bounded disturbances.
Bimolecular OH rate constants of organic compounds in solution. 1. Measurements in water using hydrogen peroxide as an OH source.

Abstract A method of measuring relative k OH rate constants in water is described. OH radicals are created by photolysis of H 2 O 2 , using a Hg high-pressure lamp. Test and reference substances are irradiated for several hours in dilute, aqueous solutions containing 0.1 to 1.0% H 2 O 2 . The relative rate constants are determined from the decay of test and reference substances as a function of time, as measured by chemical analysis. Using the known k OH of reference substances, absolute k OH data for test substances are obtained. The following rate constants at 298 K have been measured (liter mol −1 sec −1 ): k OH (isopropanol) + 2.7 × 10 9 (relative to k OH (methanol) = 8.46 × 10 9 ); k OH (toluene) = 6.0 × 10 9 ; and k OH ( p -xylene) = 4.5 × 10 9 (relative to k OH (benzene) = 7.8 × 10 9 ). The stationary OH concentrations are on the order of 5 × 10 −14 mol/liter. The kinetics of H 2 O 2 photolysis is discussed, including the estimation of OOH/O 2 − concentrations during irradiation.
An applied framework for classifying the complexity of knowledge-based systems

The development and use of knowledge-based (expert) systems has grown dramatically across a broad range of industries. Yet despite its growing importance, the study of expert systems lacks a cohesive framework for differentiating and comparing expert systems initiatives across different applications and in different industrial settings. The problem for IS managers is that a system that works in one situation may ot be appropriate for another. This article presents a classification methodology for the systematic evaluation of a broad range of expert systems. Of primary concern in this study is the measurement of the complexity of such systems. Complexity in the area of expert systems consists of two basic dimensions. The first dimension is the complexity of the underlying knowledge residing with the key experts. The second dimension of the framework focuses on the complexity of the technology incorporated into a given system. This framework is then applied to a sample of 50 successfully developed knowledge-based systems. The results can be used as a foundation for generating research hypotheses and for development time, budget, staffing, organizational control, and organizational participation.
A Parallel Tree Grafting Algorithm for Maximum Cardinality Matching in Bipartite Graphs

In computing matching's in graphs on parallel processors, it is challenging to achieve high performance because these algorithms rely on searching for paths in the graph, and when these paths become long, there is little concurrency. We present a new algorithm and its shared-memory parallelization for computing maximum cardinality matching's in bipartite graphs. Our algorithm searches for augmenting paths via specialized breadth-first searches (BFS) from multiple source vertices, hence creating more parallelism than single source algorithms. Unfortunately, algorithms that employ multiple-source searches cannot discard a search tree once no augmenting path is discovered from the tree, unlike algorithms that rely on single-source searches. We describe a novel tree-grafting method that eliminates most of the redundant edge traversals resulting from this property of multiple-source searches. We also employ the recent direction-optimizing BFS algorithm as a subroutine to discover augmenting paths faster. Our algorithm compares favourably with the current best algorithms in terms of the number of edges traversed, the average augmenting path length, and the number of iterations. We provide a proof of correctness for our algorithm. Our NUMA-aware implementation is scalable to 80 threads of an Intel multiprocessor. On average, our parallel algorithm runs an order of magnitude faster than the fastest algorithms available. The performance improvement is more significant on graphs with small matching number.
Evidence of oxygen free radical damage in human otitis media

Abstract Recent work with a guinea pig model of otitis media has demonstrated evidence of oxygen free radical damage to the middle ear mucosa. However, the relevance of an animal model to human disease is uncertain. Accordingly, the following pilot study was conducted to examine human middle ear fluid for lipid hydroperoxides as evidence of free radical damage. Thirty-five specimens of middle ear fluid from children with chronic otitis media were collected and described as mucoid (n = 19), purulent (n = 10), or serous (n = 6); specimens were weighed and analyzed for lipid hydroperoxide content. The results demonstrated the presence of lipid hydroperoxide in all 3 types of middle ear fluid. Additionally, there was a statistically significant elevation of total lipid hydroperoxide content in mucoid effusions compared with serous effusions, as well as a significant elevation of lipid hydroperoxide divided by weight of purulent effusions compared with serous effusions. This is the first study to document free radical damage in human otitis media. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120:638-42.)
Childhood Pemphigus Vulgaris: Report of a Case

Pemphigus vulgaris rarely occurs in childhood. The history of a patient, 13 years of age, is reported. Evidence of the disease was established in this patient by the presence of acantholytic cells in a surprabasal position shown by usual histologic techniques and was confirmed further by the demonstration of intercellular fluorescence made possible with newer immunofluorescent tests available today. Pemphigus vulgaris pursues a severe malignant course in this age group. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and early initiation of aggressive therapy with adrenocorticosteroids is warranted.
Recent technical advances in MR imaging of the abdomen

MRI of the abdomen has been under development for well over a decade. In the past, considerable work was directed toward identification and suppression of the artifacts caused by motion. However, within the last several years, image quality has further improved, particularly as various fast-scan techniques have been adapted for abdominal imaging. The purpose of this work is to review these technical developments. Specific methods include adaptation of the acquisition time to breath-holding, acquisition over multiple respiratory cycles, adjustment of the contrast of various sequences, and development of more sensitive receiver coils and faster gradient systems. Opportunities for future development are also identified, including improved slice sampling, increased in-plane spatial resolution, real-time means for monitoring respiration, and expanded applications. As these technical advances are implemented, it is expected that the overall sensitivity and specificity of abdominal MRI will further improve.
Evaluation of cognitive function in bipolar disorder using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A).

Background Although cognitive impairment is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD) there is no instrument of choice for the assessment of bipolar patients. The aim of this study is to assess cognitive performance using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A), a comprehensive test battery developed specifically for BD, and determine its suitability to estimate global functioning.
Differentiation of BC3H1 and primary skeletal muscle cells and the activity of their endogenous insulin‐degrading enzyme are inhibited by the same metalloendoprotease inhibitors

Upon reduction of serum in their media, mouse BC3H1 muscle cells withdraw from the cell cycle and begin to differentiate. In differentiating cells, the induction of muscle-specific genes is accompanied by a distinct morphological chance. However, differentiated BC3H1 cells do not fuse with each other; they remain mononucleated. Metalloendoprotease inhibitors selectively block the differentiation of BC3H1 cells while inhibitors of other protease types are ineffective. In these cells, the degradation of the internalized insulin is initiated by a 110 kDa, non-lysosomal protease known as the insulin-degrading enzyme. The same metalloendoprotease inhibitors that block BC3H1 differentiation also inhibit, with a similar specificity and potency, the in vitro and the in vivo degradation of insulin by the insulin-degrading enzyme. When the serum in the medium is reduced, the activity of the insulin-degrading enzyme in the cell cytoplasm increases rapidly. This increase precedes any detectable change in the differentiation state of these cells by about 12 hours. These results, together with very similar ones obtained with primary rat skeletal muscle cells, support our earlier proposal that the insulin-degrading enzyme is the metalloendoprotease involved in the initiation of the morphological and biochemical differentiation of muscle cells in culture.
Curcumin modulates the inflammatory response and inhibits subsequent fibrosis in a mouse model of viral-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by diffuse alveolar damage usually secondary to an intense host inflammatory response of the lung to a pulmonary or extrapulmonary infectious or non-infectious insult often leading to the development of intra-alveolar and interstitial fibrosis. Curcumin, the principal curcumoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric, has been demonstrated as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in a broad spectrum of diseases. Using our well-established model of reovirus 1/L-induced acute viral pneumonia, which displays many of the characteristics of the human ALI/ARDS, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of curcumin. Female CBA/J mice were treated with curcumin (50 mg/kg) 5 days prior to intranasal inoculation with 107 pfu reovirus 1/L and daily, thereafter. Mice were evaluated for key features associated with ALI/ARDS. Administration of curcumin significantly modulated inflammation and fibrosis, as revealed by histological and biochemical analysis. The expression of IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, and MCP-1, key chemokines/cytokines implicated in the development of ALI/ARDS, from both the inflammatory infiltrate and whole lung tissue were modulated by curcumin potentially through a reduction in the phosphorylated form of NFκB p65. While the expression of TGFs1 was not modulated by curcumin, TGFs Receptor II, which is required for TGFs signaling, was significantly reduced. In addition, curcumin also significantly inhibited the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and Tenascin-C, key markers of myofibroblast activation. This data strongly supports a role for curcumin in modulating the pathogenesis of viral-induced ALI/ARDS in a pre-clinical model potentially manifested through the alteration of inflammation and myofibroblast differentiation.
Energy performance evaluation of fishing vessels by fuel mass flow measuring system

A new fuel consumption monitoring system was set up for research purpose in order to evaluate the energy performance of fishing vessels under different operating conditions. The system has been tested on two semi-pelagic pair trawlers in the Adriatic Sea with an engine power of around 900 kW, and with length overall of around 30 m. Both vessels work with a gear of similar design and size, the differences between the two vessels are in the propeller design and the hull material: the first with a controllable pitch propeller (CPP) and a metal hull, the second with a fixed pitch propeller (FPP) and a wooden hull. The fuel monitoring system conceived at CNR-ISMAR Ancona (Italy) consists of two mass flow sensors, one multichannel recorder and one GPS data logger. The working time duration, the vessel speed, the total fuel consumption and the instant fuel rate were logged by the system. A typical commercial round trip for a semi-pelagic trawler consists of several fishing operations (steaming, trawling sailing, etc.). Fuel consumption rate and vessel speed data were used to identify energy performance under different vessel-operating conditions. The highest fuel demands were during the trawling (130 l/h at 4.4 kn) and the steaming (100–130 l/h at 11 kn) phases. Fuel savings of up to 15% could be obtained by reducing the navigation speed of half a knot.
Some Results of Feeding Antibiotics to Chickens

Abstract AFTER the growth response of chicks due to the feeding of antibiotics was reported by Stokstand and Jukes (1950), experimentation along this line was stimulated and many reports of investigations have appeared. Many phases of the problem, however, have not yet been explained or fully explored. The results of experiments conducted in this laboratory are presented, therefore, in order to assist in an understanding of the problem and hence in the application of the use of antibiotics in feeding poultry. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Five experiments have been conducted. Cockerel chicks of a Red-Rock Cross from three sources were used in the experiments. Twenty-five chicks were included per lot in four of the experiments and 30 chicks per lot in the fifth. All of the chicks were brooded on wire-mesh floors. The rations are given in Table 1. A diet which is primarily a vegetable protein ration, and is so designated, was . . .
Spatial modeling of geotechnical information using GML

Geotechnical data characterizes the geometry and physical properties of soil deposits, which are determined from field observations, in-situ and laboratory tests, and engineering analyses. Until now, geotechnical information was mainly described and exchanged as relational data, which occasionally included spatial characteristics. Hereafter, the spatial features of geotechnical data are investigated by invoking the geotechnical data model of the Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (AGS), which is widely used in the United Kingdom to exchange geotechnical data in engineering practice. The basic geometric objects in AGS geotechnical data are first identified. These geometric objects are mapped to basic geometric features of the Geography Markup Language (GML). AGS data can therefore be fully rendered using GML-conformant schemas, which make geotechnical data readily importable into GML-aware applications. The data can be also imported to mainstream GIS applications using Extensible Markup Language (XML) transformations. This article demonstrates the rendition of AGS data format to a GML-conformant schema and illustrates the implementation of the new format through a few geotechnical examples.
Variations of the seasonal behavior of geostrophic circulation in the Black Sea

On the basis of the results of processing of the archival hydrological data, we analyze the seasonal behavior of geostrophic circulation in the Black Sea and its long-term variations. It is shown that the variations of currents on the decadal time scales with different manifestations in different seasons lead to changes in the characteristics of the seasonal course of geostrophic circulation in the second half of the last century. The intensification of winter circulation and weakening of summer circulation observed since the mid-1970s result in the increase in the amplitude of the annual course of current velocity on the sea surface. We also discuss possible causes of variations in the intensities of geostrophic currents in the Black Sea.
CD8+ TCR Transgenic Strains Expressing Public versus Private TCR Targeting the Respiratory Syncytial Virus KdM282-90 Epitope Demonstrate Similar Functional Profiles

Our previous work has characterized the functional and clonotypic features of two respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epitope-specific T cell responses in mice. Following single-cell sequencing, we selected T cell receptor sequences to represent both a public and a private clone specific for the dominant KdM282–90 epitope for the generation of T cell receptor transgenic (TCR Tg) mice. We evaluated cells from these TCR Tg strains for three major functions of CD8+ T cells: proliferation, cytokine production and cytolytic activity. In vitro comparisons of the functional characteristics of T cells from the newly-generated mice demonstrated many similarities in their responsiveness to cognate antigen stimulation. Cells from both TRBV13-1 (private) and TRBV13-2 (public) TCR Tg mice had similar affinity, and proliferated similarly in vitro in response to cognate antigen stimulation. When transferred to BALB/c mice, cells from both strains demonstrated extensive proliferation in mediastinal lymph nodes following RSV infection, with TRBV13-2 demonstrating better in vivo proliferation. Both strains similarly expressed cytokines and chemokines following stimulation, and had similar Granzyme B and perforin expression, however cells expressing TRBV13-1 demonstrated better cytolytic activity than TRBV13-2 cells. These new, well-characterized mouse strains provide new opportunities to study molecular mechanisms that control the phenotype and function of CD8+ T cell responses.
Mosquito baculovirus: sequence of morphogenesis and ultrastructure of the virion.

Abstract The morphogenic sequence of a mosquito baculovirus differed from other baculoviruses in that nucleocapsids ca. 180 nm were formed routinely by cleavage of nucleocapsids as long as 1 μm. Additionally, in one type of envelopment nucleocapsids were enveloped by vesicles which subsequently dissociated. Prior to and during virion occlusion the envelope contracted along two-thirds of the nucleocapsid resulting in the virion being bulbous at one end. The mature virion consisted of an enveloped nucleocapsid with an amorphous, but distinct layer between the nucleocapsid and envelope.
Simultaneous chromatic dispersion and PMD compensation by using coded-OFDM and girth-10 LDPC codes

Low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is studied as an efficient coded modulation scheme suitable for simultaneous chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation. We show that, for aggregate rate of 10 Gb/s, accumulated dispersion over 6500 km of SMF and differential group delay of 100 ps can be simultaneously compensated with penalty within 1.5 dB (with respect to the back-to-back configuration) when training sequence based channel estimation and girth-10 LDPC codes of rate 0.8 are employed.
Puberty permits increased expression of renal transforming growth factor-beta1 in experimental diabetes.

Prepubertal years of diabetes mellitus are relatively protected from clinical manifestations of nephropathy. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a major mediator of diabetic kidney disease. Its renal expression, translation, and activation change with sexual maturation in the normal rat. The role of TGF-β1 in postpubertal susceptibility to diabetic renal hypertrophy was addressed in the present study. Male Sprague- Dawley rats were given streptozocin at 4 weeks of age (weanling) or 14 weeks of age (mature) and treated with insulin to maintain blood glucose levels between 300 and 500 mg/dl. Nondiabetic controls received saline. After 6 weeks with ad libitum food and water, kidneys were snap-frozen for measurement of TGF-β1 protein and mRNA. As in previous studies, diabetic renal hypertrophy was blunted in weanling animals compared with mature rats. Message for TGF-β1 was not significantly increased in weanling animals {102 (9)% [mean (SEM)] in nondiabetic controls versus 117 (10)% in diabetic rats; P=0.91}, while it was significantly increased in mature diabetic animals [100 (7)% vs. 146 (11)%; P=0.01]. Immunohistochemistry revealed focal increases in glomerular staining in mature but not weanling diabetic rats. Differences in the control of the renal TGF-β system may explain the permissive role of puberty in the manifestations of diabetic kidney disease.
Cytotoxicity to human leukocytes by topical antimicrobial agents used for burn care

We tested two topical antimicrobial agents (TAAs), silver sulfadiazine and mafenide acetate, to determine their cytotoxic effects when human lymphocytes and neutrophils were incubated with the agents in vitro for 30 minutes. Dilute concentrations of both TAAs markedly inhibited neutrophil respiratory burst activity and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (p < 0.05). The components of silver sulfadiazine (silver and sulfadiazine) were separately tested, and each component inhibited both neutrophil and lymphocyte functions. Mafenide acetate markedly decreased intracellular Ca+2 flux in lymphocytes. The effects of the TAAs were partially reversed when cells were washed and resuspended in medium after they were exposed in vitro to the TAAs. Commonly used TAAs may contribute to local immune dysfunction in the patient with burns. Because evidence suggests that T lymphocytes may participate in wound healing, prolonged treatment with TAAs may also effect certain aspects of wound healing.
Naloxone does not affect pain relief induced by electrical stimulation in man.

Abstract We wished to determine if pain relief that resulted from transcutaneous (TNS) or spinal cord electrical stimulation in patients with chronic pain was due to activation of an endogenous opiate-related pain control system. Naloxone (0.4–10 mg) or saline was injected in double-blind fashion intravenously into opiate-naive subjects with chronic pain who achieved 30% or greater pain relief with spinal cord stimulation (4 patients) or TNS (9 patients). Subjects rated their pain during stimulation and 2, 5, 10 and 15 min after the injection. Two days or more later the procedure was repeated using the alternate agent (naloxone or saline). Naloxone did not decrease the pain relief induced by stimulation, and therefore the effects of stimulation are probably not mediated by the endogenous opiates.
Structures and properties of self-assembled monolayers of bistable [2]rotaxanes on Au (111) surfaces from molecular dynamics simulations validated with experiment.

Bistable [2]rotaxanes display controllable switching properties in solution, on surfaces, and in devices. These phenomena are based on the electrochemically and electrically driven mechanical shuttling motion of the ring-shaped component, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+) (denoted as the ring), between a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit and a 1,5-dioxynaphthalene (DNP) ring system located along a dumbbell component. When the ring is encircling the TTF unit, this co-conformation of the rotaxane is the most stable and thus designated the ground-state co-conformer (GSCC), whereas the other co-conformation with the ring surrounding the DNP ring system is less favored and so designated the metastable-state co-conformer (MSCC). We report here the structure and properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of a bistable [2]rotaxane on Au (111) surfaces as a function of surface coverage based on atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) studies with a force field optimized from DFT calculations and we report several...
A Numerical Study of Pseudo Three-Dimensional Parallel-Plate Convection

Abstract A numerical model for the study of three-dimensional, small-scale, horizontally homogeneous turbulence is presented for use with a two-dimensional grid in a vertical plane. The model is called pseudo three-dimensional because all quantities involving one of the horizontal dimensions are obtained by assumption during the calculations. It is applied to the problem of turbulent thermal convection between horizontal plates, with a Rayleigh number of 6.75×105, and Prandtl numbers of 0.71 and 10. It is shown that this model allows turbulent motions to develop, whereas a two-dimensional model yields nearly steady convective rolls. The calculated heat flux is only about 5 per cent larger than experimental values, and the horizontal variances of temperature, vertical velocity and horizontal velocity are in rough agreement with observations at all levels. Terms in the vorticity and temperature variance equations are also evaluated, although experimental values are lacking for comparison.
Biological knowledge discovery and data mining

Mohammad Al Hasan a, Jun Huan b, Jake Chen c and Mohammed J. Zaki d a Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University–Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA b Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA c Indiana University School of Informatics, Indiana University–Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA d Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
Performance history of AN/PVS-5 and ANVIS image intensification systems in U.S. Army aviation

In 1973, the Development of the Army adopted night vision devices for use in aviation. Known as the AN/PVS-5 night vision goggle (NVG), these devices, which are based on the principle of image intensification (I2), have become the mainstay for the aviator's capability to operate during periods of low illumination, i.e., at night. In the 2 years that have followed, a number of engineering the advancements have improved greatly the performance of these devices. The current version, using third generation I2 technology, is known as the Aviator's Night Vision Imaging Systems (ANVIS). The performances histories of NVGs and ANVIS are presented with an emphasis on visual and biodynamic issues which have, and do, affect aviator mission effectiveness and safety.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Induction of pseudopregnancy using artificial VCS: importance of lordosis intensity and prestimulus estrous cycle length

In cycling female rats, vaginocervical stimulation (VCS) received naturally during mating or by artificial mechanical stimulation induces neuroendocrine and behavioral responses that are critical for reproduction, including bi-circadian prolactin surges which result in pregnancy or an 8–14-day diestrous period called pseudopregnancy (PSP). Following mating, the incidence of PSP is higher when females receive high (10) as opposed to low (3–5) numbers of intromissions. Therefore, a threshold level of VCS must be exceeded before hypothalamic changes required for PSP can occur. This study characterized the threshold curve for PSP induction for artificial VCS (VCS-a). Proestrous females were given 1, 2, 3, 4, or 8 VCS-a applied with a glass rod using 200 g of force for 2 s, with an 8-min interval between stimulations. The lordosis response (LR) to the stimulus was measured on a scale of increasing intensity from 0 to 3, and the occurrence of PSP was measured by daily vaginal lavage. In contrast to previous findings, VCS-a induced robust lordosis responses without concurrent flank and perineal stimulation. The frequency of PSP induction did not increase in females as a function of amounts of VCS-a. However, the occurrence of PSP was strongly tied to the maximum lordosis response (LRmax) observed. PSP was observed only among multiply stimulated females that showed the highest LRmax (3.0) to at least one of the stimulations. Multiply stimulated females that showed a LRmax < 3.0 or females that received only one VCS-a never became PSP. PSP and a stronger LRmax were more likely to occur in females that had 5-day compared to 4-day prestimulus estrous cycle lengths. We conclude that central mechanisms important for VCS-induced PSP and lordosis may be potentiated by estradiol's actions in estrogen-concentrating forebrain areas.
Pineral structure and composition in the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)

Microscopic structure and histochemistry were studied in the pineal organ of a male orangutan (34 kg body weight, 7 years radiological age). Although small in size (1.7 mm long by 1.1 mm wide dorsoventrally) the pineal of this species appears active and has a number of distinctive characteristics: broad exposure on the third ventricle at the pineal recess; permeation by recesses and channels from the dorsal sac; extensive penetration by loops of myelinated fibers from the habenular and posterior commissures; lack of intrapineal nerve cell bodies; presence of different parenchymal cell types having granular and vacuolated cytoplasm; and a densely cellular stroma containing melanin.
High-throughput DNA diagnostic measurements using capillary electrophoresis: p53, fragile X and telomerase.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has become recognized as a powerful tool for the characterization of DNA. It has numerous advantages over slab-gel electrophoresis in that it is fast, highly reproducible and easy to automate. It is well known for its contribution to success in sequencing the human genome, but it is equally important in a wide range of forensic and pharmaceutical applications. Of these applications, CE plays a large and important role in mutation scanning and DNA sizing. From the author's laboratory, three previously published examples are given of clinical applications in this area that have benefited from the use of capillary electrophoresis: the detection of p53 mutations by single strand conformational polymorphism, the analysis of fragile X syndrome and the measurement of telomerase activity. There are many examples from other laboratories where CE has played an important role in this field. For acceptance by the medical community, there must be a clear demonstration that capillary elec...
Microglial-neuronal interactions during neurodegenerative diseases.

The impact of the brain’s immune response to disease is no longer relegated to a secondary event of limited interest. Multiple types of brain and spinal cord injuries and diseases show varying immune phenotypes over the time course of the disease. The collection of articles illustrates the wide reach of brain immunity and provides research papers and reviews that illustrate this point. These articles have added both new information and new directions to consider, and I would like to thank all of the participants for their insightful contributions to the field.
The Role of Experience and Contact in the Recognition of Faces Of Own- and Other-Race Persons

Failing to recognize someone or misidentifying someone can have important personal and social consequences. The perceiver may suffer feelings of embarrassment or stupidity. The target may feel insulted, stereotyped, or in extreme cases may be falsely identified as a criminal. If the perceiver and the target are of different ethnic groups, misidentification can increase intergroup hostility, stereotyping, and intergroup anxiety. Laboratory and field research demonstrates an own-race bias in recognition accuracy. People are better able to identify members of their own race than members of another race. The significance of own-race bias in the criminal justice system and intergroup contact situations is reviewed, and cognitive and motivational correlates of own-race bias are discussed. Four possible explanations for this differential recognition effect are presented. The explanation derived from intergroup contact theory—that differential recognition stems from limited experience with members of other groups—has received surprisingly weak research support thus far, Greater attention to assessing different types of contact may increase our understanding of the ways in which intergroup contact can affect intergroup perceptions.
Lower extremity free flap reconstruction outcomes using venous coupler

Background: Microvascular anastomotic coupling devices have been available to microsurgeons for over 20 years. Many studies have validated the efficacy of these devices for venous anastomosis. To date, there have been no large reports of their success in the anatomical region with the highest free flap failure rate, the lower extremity. Methods: A retrospective review of 67 consecutive patients who underwent lower extremity microvascular reconstruction performed from August 2003 to September 2010 was performed. Patient charts were reviewed for age, sex, medical comorbidities, etiology of defect, location of defect, flap type, anastomotic technique, complications, flap survival, and limb salvage outcome. Results: No patients returned to the operating room to have an arterial or venous anastomosis revised. Despite 100% vascular anastomosis patency rates in 67 consecutive lower extremity free flaps, flap survival rate was 95.5%. Total complication rate (13.4%) was due to two partial and one complete flap loss, three infections, two skin graft loses, and one hematoma. There were no intraoperative or perioperative complications involving the use of a microvascular anastomotic coupling device itself. Thirty-day and long term limb salvage rate was 97% and 92.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Microvascular anastomotic coupling devices create effective venous anastomoses in lower extremity microvascular reconstruction. Thus, it presents an important tool in the armamentarium for lower extremity microsurgical reconstruction. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2011.
The Thermal Reaction Between Hydrogen and Oxygen I. Comparison of Experiments and Theory

The present theory of the slow thermal reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, while satisfactorily describing the existence of the various explosion limits, fails to describe the following features: the sudden transition from the slowest reaction to the explosion (``second explosion limit''), and some effects of the vessel size and of a KCl film on the rate and the second explosion limit. Conclusions regarding the theory are discussed.
Antithrombin efficiency is maintained in vitro in human plasma following dilution with hydroxyethyl starches.

Hemodilution has been associated with changes in hemostasis secondary to modulation of procoagulant activity. However, direct effects of specific fluids on anticoagulants, such as antithrombin (AT), remained undefined. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starches (HES) directly diminishes plasma AT activity, which would be manifested by decreases in clot initiation time (reaction time, R) with thrombelastography greater than that seen with 0.9% NaCI (NS). Normal plasma and AT-deficient (< 1% activity) plasma were diluted 0 or 30% with NS, Hextend (6% HES; average molecular weight, 450 kDa), PentaLyte (6% HES; average molecular weight, 220 kDa), or Voluven (6% HES; average molecular weight, 130 kDa) (n = 6-7 experiments per condition). Undiluted, normal plasma had an R value of 796 ± 65 s, which was significantly (P< 0.05) greater than R values following NS (690 ± 50 s) or Voluven (675 ± 68 s) dilution. R values of normal plasma diluted with Hextend (831 ± 51 s) or PentaLyte (801 ± 72 s) were not different from undiluted plasma but were significantly (P< 0.05) greater than those observed following NS or Voluven dilution. There were no significant differences between the conditions when AT-deficient plasma was utilized (R range, 404-440 s). Rather than interfere with AT activity, HES with an average molecular weight of 220-450 kDa maintain AT efficiency.
A Simple Method for Collecting Eggs of the Northern Corn Rootworm in the Laboratory

The northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica longicornis (Say), is a major pest in corn production in the North Central States. Quantities of eggs may be needed in many aspects of the biological investigations of this insect. This note describes a simple method for obtaining eggs in large numbers.
The effect of familiarization on meaningfulness

The purpose of the present study was to explore further whether differing amounts of prior familiarization with verbal units have an effect on either the number (meaningfulness) and/or kinds of associations elicited by these units in a continued-association task administered subsequent to familiarization. Accordingly, 90 S s received 0, 5, or 20 1-sec familiarization trials with 10 dissyllables of high or low meaningfulness ( m ). A 30-sec production-test for m followed familiarization for all S s. Familiarization did not appear to affect either the number or the kinds of associations S s gave during the production test. It was found, however, that there were certain potentially important differences in the nature of the associations elicited by high- vs. low- m dissyllables; namely, the associates of high-m dissyllables appeared more frequently in printed text and were less idiosyncratic than the associates of low- m dissyllables. A strong tendency was also noted for the associates of low- m dissyllables, but not for those of high- m dissyllables, to begin with the same letter as the initial letters of the respective syllables of the dissyllables. The implications of these findings for theories regarding the role of m and familiarity in verbal-learning processes were discussed.
Implementing meaningful, educative curricula, and assessments in complex school environments

This commentary uses the lens of curricular implementation to consider issues and opportunities afforded by the papers in this special edition. While it is interesting to envision innovative approaches to physical education, actually implementing changes in the complex institutional school environment is exceptionally challenging. These authors have done an excellent job presenting viable solutions and fore grounding challenges. Yet, without a concerted effort to invite teachers to engage with us in this process, our implementation initiatives may not enhance the meaningful and educative process that these scholars envision for physical education.
PV microinverter testbed for interoperability

This test plan is intended to provide verification for conformance of interconnection systems (ICSs) test criteria from IEEE Standard 1547-2005 [1], but applied to a testbed of several interconnected microinverters. These tests provide evaluation procedures for multi-manufacturer microinverter interoperability. The purpose of these procedures is to develop a standard method for evaluating interconnected microinverters. Utility compatibility evaluations determine the voltage and frequency operating ranges and the microinverter's response to a voltage/frequency sag or swell, and the response to an interruption in utility service.
Fatigue mechanisms in poly (methyl methacrylate) at threshold: effects of molecular weight and mean stress

Fatigue tests were conducted on three linear poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins having weight average molecular weights (M w) of 82 000, 205 000 and 390000 and on a fourth, cross-linked sample (M c=3337 g mol−1). Fatigue threshold test conditions included a constant load ratio (R c=0.1) and a constant maximum stress intensity level (K max c =0.52 MPa m1/2). TheR c=0.1 test results demonstrated that fatigue resistance increased with increasingM w, and that the cross-linked sample possessed a higher fatigue threshold than the linear Iow-Mw material. However, the K max c test results revealed the opposite trend, with fatigue resistance decreasing with increasingM w and chemical crosslinking. The marked change in relative fatigue resistance of the PMMA resins investigated under high mean stress conditions is believed to be a consequence of the competition between two molecular deformation mechanisms: chain scission and chain slippage. The presumed shift in operative mechanism as a function of theR level is reflected in differences noted on the fracture surfaces of the PMMA resins studied. Discontinuous growth band formation, which is indicative of large amounts of chain slippage, is favoured by lowM w and lowR ratios, but disappears in association with high-M w and highR-ratio test conditions.
Risks and benefits of postoperative cardiac catheterization in patients with ball valve prostheses

Two studies were performed to evaluate the risks and benefits of post-operative cardiac catheterization in patients with a ball valve prosthesis. In Study 1, 106 consecutive catheterization procedures in 100 patients were retrospectively evaluated. There were no deaths, myocardial infarctions or infective endocarditis. Five patients who were in extremis were studied without complication. Major complications (occurring in 8.5 percent) included excessive bleeding (four patients), cerebral emboli (two patients), ventricular fibrillation (one patient) and other (two patients). The major complication rate for patients with transthoracic left ventricular puncture with ventriculography was 24 percent (4 of 17) and for patients with therapeutic anticoagulation 18 percent (6 of 34). Significant abnormalities were detected in 55 percent of all catheterizations. The incidence rate of significant abnormalities was 75 percent (47 of 63) when clinical-hemodynamic deterioration was an indication for catheterization and 19 percent (8 of 43) when it was not. The incidence rate of reoperation for all patients was 34 percent, 51 percent (32 of 63) in those with clinical-hemodynamic deterioration and 9 percent (4 of 43) in others. In Study 2, 45 patients with a reduced level of anticoagulation were evaluated prospectively to assess whether such reduction would eliminate most complications. One patient was in extremis at the time of study. There were no complications in these 45 patients. We conclude the following: (1) Therapeutic anticoagulation is associated with increased risk from cardiac catheterization. In patients with a less than therapeutic level of anticoagulation, cardiac catheterization can be performed at low risk. (2) Patients with a ball valve prosthesis who manifest clinical-hemodynamic deterioration should undergo postoperative cardiac catheterization because of the high incidence rate of correctable abnormalities in these patients.
Lost in translation: religious arguments made secular.

Michael J. Sandel, like the President's Council on Bioethics on which he serves, puts forward arguments that purport to be secular but have meaning and force only within a religious context. A case...
Suspended droplet evaporation modeling in a laminar convective environment

A detailed numerical model is used to analyze the evaporation characteristics of a fuel droplet which is suspended concentrically from a spherical bead born at the tip of a thin cylindrical filament. The suspended droplet is exposed to a high-temperature, laminar, gaseous stream with a relevant Reynolds number Re ∼ 50. The model solves the time-dependent axisymmetric Navier-Stokes and energy equations in both fluid phases, in conjunction with the heat conduction equation within the suspender material. The various mechanisms through which the suspender affects the heat and mass transport processes in the droplet interior are evaluated. The effects of suspender size and material are investigated at a pressure typical of gas-turbine combustor environments. The model predictions indicate that when quartz suspenders are implemented to determine liquid-fuel evaporation characteristics, the droplet surface regression rates do not vary appreciably with suspender sizes. The results also show that mean surface temperatures of free-traveling droplets are fairly well represented by those of suspended stationary droplets exposed to identical ambient conditions. However, the suspended-droplet configuration overestimates liquid evaporation rates of free-convecting droplets, thus underpredicting droplet lifetimes.
The Impact of Roles of the Board on Auditors' Risk Assessments and Program Planning Decisions

Given governance breakdowns, an important issue is whether auditors are sensitive to a client's governance structure. The purpose of the study is to examine how the roles played by the board affect auditors' risk assessments and program planning decisions. An agency role of the board emphasizes monitoring corporate management while a resource dependence role focuses on helping a firm cope with environmental uncertainty, gain access to external resources, and establish sound business strategies. Sixty‐eight audit partners and managers evaluated a case where the roles of the board were manipulated: agency role (stronger or weaker) and resource dependence role (stronger or weaker). Results indicate that auditors' inherent risk assessments were not significantly affected by the resource dependence role, but control risk assessments were higher when the board played either a weak agency or weak resource dependence role than for the parallel strong condition. Further, audit program planning judgments were signi...