cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the cure rate of epichlorohydrin/bisphenol a type epoxy resins

A new method is described for estimating the curing rates of epichlorohydrin/bisphenol A epoxy resins cured with complex amines or polyamides. The ground-up resins are suspended in p-dioxane and reacted for 30 min with an excess of hydrogen bromide generated in situ. The excess halide is then titrated potentiometrically with mercuric perchlorate, using a bromide-selective indicator electrode in conjunction with an expanded-scale pH meter. Results are in agreement with those obtained by following the disappearance of the oxirane absorption band at 10.95 μm. Average error was 0.9%.
Exploding Magazines: Byron’s The Siege of Corinth, Francesco Morosini and the Destruction of the Parthenon

This paper links several threads connected to Byron‟s least regarded Turkish Tale. Why, when the English Parliament decided in June 1816 to purchase the Elgin Marbles for the British Museum, did Byron appear to be silent on a subject that he had expressed strong feelings about some years earlier? Why, when he attacked Lord Elgin on the Parthenon marbles, did he not link him in infamy with Francesco Morosini, who had fired the shot that blew up the Parthenon? And why, in The Siege of Corinth, did Byron intentionally depart from the account in his historical source? My paper argues that The Siege of Corinth, one of his Turkish Tales that includes a conflict between Venetians and Turks, a siege, and an explosion, contains within it Byron‟s reflections on these issues The Siege of Corinth, in short, has more layers than have previously been explored.
The Drosophila Dbf4 ortholog Chiffon forms a complex with Gcn5 that is necessary for histone acetylation and viability.

ABSTRACT Metazoans contain two homologs of the Gcn5-binding protein Ada2, Ada2a and Ada2b, which nucleate formation of the ATAC and SAGA complexes, respectively. In Drosophila melanogaster, there are two splice isoforms of Ada2b: Ada2b-PA and Ada2b-PB. Here, we show that only the Ada2b-PB isoform is in SAGA; in contrast, Ada2b-PA associates with Gcn5, Ada3, Sgf29 and Chiffon, forming the Chiffon histone acetyltransferase (CHAT) complex. Chiffon is the Drosophila ortholog of Dbf4, which binds and activates the cell cycle kinase Cdc7 to initiate DNA replication. In flies, Chiffon and Cdc7 are required in ovary follicle cells for gene amplification, a specialized form of DNA re-replication. Although chiffon was previously reported to be dispensable for viability, here, we find that Chiffon is required for both histone acetylation and viability in flies. Surprisingly, we show that chiffon is a dicistronic gene that encodes distinct Cdc7- and CHAT-binding polypeptides. Although the Cdc7-binding domain of Chiffon is not required for viability in flies, the CHAT-binding domain is essential for viability, but is not required for gene amplification, arguing against a role in DNA replication.
Can Entrepreneurs Believe Their Impressions of Venture Capitalists? Does it Matter? Entrepreneur Evaluations and Network Safety Nets

This paper examines the ability of entrepreneurs to accurately evaluate potential organizational exchange partners. Although there has been significant research on how experienced actors use social network ties, status, and information signals to accurately evaluate potential partners, relatively little attention has been given to the abilities of less-experienced actors to accurately evaluate potential partners. I attempt to redress this gap by integrating two distinct logics. First, building on social cognition research into the biases of inexperienced evaluators, I argue that entrepreneurs are generally poor assessors of an alter's partnership abilities. Second, building on social network research into the knowledge and influence of network brokers, I then argue that entrepreneurs may nonetheless be guided towards better alters by their network brokers. I test and find support for these logics in a study of 9,722 entrepreneurs posting anonymous evaluations of 569 venture capitalists to an online forum. Overall, I find that even though entrepreneurs may often be limited in their ability to directly evaluate potential partners, intermediating network brokers may act as "network safety nets" that save entrepreneurs from their own limitations.
Onomastis Sebuah Studi Folklor Atas Beberapa Tempat Di Kota Banjarmasin Kalimantan Selatan

Sebagai bagian dari bahasa, onomastis dapat merefleksikan realitas kultural baik itu fakta, peristiwa, gagasan ataupun ide yang dapat diteruskan karena berhubungan dengan pengetahuan tentang dunia. Onomastik juga dapat merefleksikan sikap dan kepercayaan serta pandangan suatu masyarakat. Artinya kata-kata maupun nama yang hadir mengungkapkan fenomena serta mencerminkan perilaku dan pandangan masyarakat pemiliknya. Seperti penamaan kampung Pangambangan yang secara etimologis berarti tukang kambang “pembuat rangkaian kembang” karena dahulu bahkan sampai sekarang di wilayah tersebut banyak bermukim para pembuat rangkaian kembang. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif ditunjang oleh pengumpulan data dengan menginventarisir nama kampung yang digunakan pada beberapa wilayah di kota Banjarmasin. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penamaan sebuah tempat dapat memberi merefleksikan budaya lokal yaitu budaya Banjar serta dapat memberi cerminan pandangan masyarakat.
7Li and 6Li Solid-State NMR Studies of Structure and Dynamics in LiNbO3−WO3 Solid Solutions

The spatial distribution and atomic mobility of Li ions in the solid solution system Li1-xNb1-xWxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) have been studied using solid-state NMR techniques. To maintain charge balance, for each tungsten atom substituting on a niobium site, a lithium vacancy is produced in the lithium sublattice. 6Li magic angle spinning experiments reveal multiple lithium sites, attributed to distributions of niobium and tungsten neighbors. Dipolar 7Li second moments measured at low temperature (−100 °C) depend linearly on lithium content, consistent with a random distribution of vacancies. Variable temperature (−20 to 550 °C) 7Li NMR studies as a function of composition give evidence for two distinct motional processes: at low temperatures (near 0 °C) a local hopping process involving only a minority of the lithium ions present is activated. At high temperatures (300 °C and above, depending on substitution levels) long-range diffusion involving all the lithium atoms is evident on the NMR time scale. As the subs...
A concise route to structurally diverse DMP 323 analogues via highly functionalized 1,4-diamines.

The utility of functionalized 1,4-diamines, produced via a temporary phosphorus tether (P-tether)/ring-closing metathesis (RCM)/hydrolysis sequence, is demonstrated in the synthesis of structurally diverse DMP 323 analogues. These 1,4-diamines are transformed into various seven-membered heterocycles via insertion of the appropriate nuclei “X”. Subsequent derivatization generates heterocyclic diols that are similar in structure to DMP 323, a notable member of a class of highly potent inhibitors of HIV protease.
In Vivo MRI Assessment of Blood Flow in Arteries and Veins from Head-to-Toe Across Age and Sex in C57BL/6 Mice.

Although widely used as a preclinical model for studying cardiovascular diseases, there is a scarcity of in vivo hemodynamic measurements of the naive murine system in multiple arterial and venous locations, from head-to-toe, and across sex and age. The purpose of this study is to quantify cardiovascular hemodynamics in mice at different locations along the vascular tree while evaluating the effects of sex and age. Male and female, adult and aged mice were anesthetized and underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Data were acquired from four co-localized vessel pairs (carotid/jugular, suprarenal and infrarenal aorta/inferior vena cava (IVC), femoral artery/vein) at normothermia (core temperature 37 ± 0.2 °C). Influences of age and sex on average velocity differ by location in arteries. Average arterial velocities, when plotted as a function of distance from the heart, decrease nearly linearly from the suprarenal aorta to the femoral artery (adult and aged males: − 0.33 ± 0.13, R2 = 0.87; − 0.43 ± 0.10, R2 = 0.95; adult and aged females: − 0.23 ± 0.07, R2 = 0.91; − 0.23 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.99). Average velocity of aged males and average volumetric flow of aged males and females tended to be larger compared to adult comparators. With cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death and with the implications of cardiovascular hemodynamics as important biomarkers for health and disease, this work provides a foundation for sex and age comparisons in pathophysiology by collecting and analyzing hemodynamic data for the healthy murine arterial and venous system from head-to-toe, across sex and age.
Dosimetric impact of placement errors in optically stimulated luminescent in vivo dosimetry in radiotherapy.

Abstract Introduction Studies have suggested that optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs) can be used for in vivo dosimetry of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Clinical uncertainties such as placement error have not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this work was to measure OSLD placement error in a clinical sample and analyze its dosimetric impact. Methods and materials The analysis consisted of three parts: first, quantification of placement error in a clinical sample of 128 patients yielding 293 cone-beam CT (CBCT) with visible OSLDs registered to the treatment plan; Second, correlation of placement error and clinical OSLD measurements; third, simulation of dosimeter placement in the treatment plan and correlation of recalculated dose with placement error. Results In the first analysis, average placement error was 9.7 ± 9.5 mm. In the second analysis, placement error and measured-to-planned dose agreement yielded no correlation (R2 = 0.02) for a subsample of 77 CBCTs of 55 head-and-neck patients. Average placement error was 7.0 ± 6.0 mm. Several factors, including image-guided shifts, introduced uncharacterized uncertainty to the measured-to-planned dose agreement. The third analysis isolated placement error from these other effects. Average dosimetric error was −2.4 ± 19.3%. Simulated dosimetric impact was weakly correlated with placement error (R2 = 0.39). Removing outliers reduced the average dosimetric error to −2.1 ± 10.9%, marginally improving the correlation (R2 = 0.44). Conclusion Placement error can substantially impact measured-to-planned dose agreement of OSLDs in high gradient regions, demonstrating the criticality of accurate dosimeter placement for IMRT and VMAT treatments.
President or Predator? The Social Construction of Donald Trump in a Divided America

During the presidential election, numerous women accused Donald Trump of sexual harassment and/or assault. Then a presidential candidate, he denied these complaints and said the women were all untr...
Investigation on public knowledge awareness of tuberculosis control and research of its influence factors in Urumqi City.

Objective To research public awareness of knowledge of tuberculosis control and its influence factors in Urumqi,to provide theoretical basis for effectively developing knowledge popularization of tuberculosis control and health promotion.Methods Multilevel stratified random sampling was taken to select six communities of two subdistrict offices in Tianshan District.Inquiry questionnaires was carried out in people living time over six-month and aged from 12 to 65 years old.Results There were 1 200 eligible people in the study.Total awareness rate of kernel information of tuberculosis control was 55.58%,with whole awareness rate of the kernel information of 2.92%,and awareness rate of the two-and three-key-information of 12.66% and 16.33%,respectively.The single knowledge awareness rate was much different.Single factor analysis showed that sex,age,marriage,occupation and medical insurance affected the three-key-information awareness rate.Out of that,awareness rate was lower in the male,low age group and jobless than in the female,older group and other occupations.Conclusions The public knowledge awareness rate of tuberculosis control hasn't reached the national programming goal.Various measures should be taken to improve the awareness rate aiming at different people.
COVID-19 and Formal Wills

Most Americans do not have a will. The reasons are easy to understand. Thinking about death is unpleasant, and hiring a lawyer is expensive. However, as COVID-19 sweeps through the country, some Americans urgently need an estate plan. Unfortunately, U.S. law makes it difficult to create a will during crises like these. Indeed, twenty-five states and the District of Columbia recognize only one type of will: a “formal” will executed in compliance with the Wills Act. Under this ancient statute, wills must be written, signed by the testator, and also witnessed by two people who were present at the same time. As journalists and lawyers are recognizing, the Wills Act’s insistence that the parties physically occupy the same space creates unprecedented roadblocks during a time of widespread quarantine and shelter-in-place orders. Yet the pandemic has also arrived during a period in which wills law is in flux. In the last two decades, a handful of jurisdictions have begun excusing harmless errors during the will-execution process. And, in an even sharper departure from the Wills Act’s stuffy norms, four states have recently authorized electronic wills. This Essay argues that COVID-19 vividly highlights the shortcomings of formal wills. Indeed, the outbreak has exposed the main problem with the Wills Act: it makes will-making inaccessible. As a result, we urge lawmakers in states that cling to the statute to liberalize the requirements for creating a will. Our argument proceeds in three Parts. Part I details the social value of will-making. Part II describes the Wills Act and explains why it creates formidable obstacles for testators who are caught in the jaws of a pandemic. Part III explores four ways in which policymakers can solve this problem: by permitting holographic wills, adopting the harmless error doctrine, enacting electronic will legislation, or temporarily suspending certain elements of the Wills Act during public health emergencies.
Technology advancements for channel wall nozzle manufacturing in liquid rocket engines

Abstract A regeneratively-cooled or dump-cooled nozzle is a critical component for expansion of hot gases to enable high temperature and performance in liquid rocket engines systems. Regeneratively-cooled channel wall nozzles are a design solution used across the propulsion industry as a simplified method to fabricate the nozzle structure with internal coolant passages. The scale and complexity of the channel wall nozzle (CWN) design can be challenging to fabricate which results in extended lead times and higher costs. Some of these challenges include: 1) Unique and high temperature materials, 2) Tight tolerances on large parts during manufacturing and assembly to contain high pressure propellants, 3) Thin-walled features to maintain adequate wall temperatures, and 4) Unique manufacturing process operations and complex tooling. The United States (U.S.) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and U.S. specialty manufacturing vendors are maturing modern fabrication techniques to reduce complexity and decrease costs associated with channel wall nozzle manufacturing technology. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is one of the key technology advancements under evaluation for channel wall nozzles. Much of additive manufacturing for propulsion components has focused on laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), but the scale is not yet feasible for application to large scale nozzles. NASA is evolving directed energy deposition (DED) techniques for nozzles including arc-based deposition, blown powder deposition, and Laser Wire Direct Closeout (LWDC). There are different approaches being considered for fabrication of the nozzle, and each of these DED processes offer unique process steps for rapid fabrication. The arc-based and blown powder deposition techniques are used for the forming of the CWN liner. A variety of materials are being demonstrated including Inconel 625, Haynes 230, JBK-75, and NASA HR-1. The blown powder DED process is also being demonstrated for forming an integral channel nozzle in a single operation in similar materials. The LWDC process is a method for closing out the channels within the liner and forming the structural jacket using a localized laser wire deposition technique. Identical materials mentioned above have been used for this process in addition to bimetallic closeout (C-18150–SS347, and C-18150–Inconel 625). NASA has completed process development, material characterization, and hot-fire testing on a variety of these channel wall nozzle fabrication technique. This publication presents an overview of the various channel wall nozzle manufacturing processes and materials under evaluation including results from the hot-fire testing. Future development and technology focus areas is also discussed relative to channel wall nozzle manufacturing.
Not All Progestins are Created Equally: Considering Unique Progestins Individually in Psychobehavioral Research

Progestins (i.e., synthetic progesterone) used in hormonal contraceptives (HCs) have been developed to mimic endogenous progesterone to inhibit ovulation and prevent pregnancy. Although the physiological side effects of different progestin formulations and administrative routes (e.g., oral pill, injection, skin patch) are well understood, the potential affective and behavioral side effects of various progestins are relatively under-studied. Progestins vary in terms of their dosage, bioavailability, metabolism, and affinity for progesterone and other steroid hormone receptors. Yet, research investigating the effects of these compounds on women’s affect, sex drive, and mate preferences has not systematically accounted for these differences when considering their psychobehavioral side effects. Here, the biological differences between progesterone and progestins, as well as the differences between progestin types, are considered. Research looking at the effects of progesterone and progestins on women’s affect, sex drive, and mating psychology is reviewed, with emphasis on work that has explored differences between progestin types. In this review, we argue that accounting for these unique aspects of progestins is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the influence of HCs on women. A better understanding of these differences may clarify previous research and inform future studies.
Impact of PhORCAS references on overall application score for postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency candidates.

PURPOSE The disparity between the number of applicants for postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residency positions and the number of available residency positions increases the need to optimize how applicants are evaluated. The purpose of the study described here was to evaluate the correlation of ratings of residency candidate characteristics by academic and professional references listed on residency applications with overall application score, applicant ranking, and the likelihood of candidates receiving an invitation to interview. METHODS A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the correlation of reference writers' ratings of 13 candidate characteristics and their overall recommendations with program-determined outcomes (eg, final application score, applicant ranking, and invitation to interview) through analysis of PGY1 applications submitted through the Pharmacy Online Residency Centralized Application System (PhORCAS) from 2015 through 2018. Keywords and themes within the open-ended section of letters of reference were also analyzed for correlation with overall application score. RESULTS A total of 5,923 references listed on 1,867 applications to 4 PGY1 pharmacy residency programs processed by PhORCAS were included in the analysis. For the majority of applicant characteristic ratings (ie, 74% of 56,872 ratings overall), reference writers rated candidates as exceeding expectations, and applicants were "highly recommended" by these evaluators in 91% of cases. References' average characteristic ratings and overall recommendations were poorly correlated with final application score (R2 = 0.12 [P < 0.0001] and R2 = 0.08 [P < 0.0001], respectively), final ranking (R2 = 0.02 [P < 0.0001] and R2 = 0.03 [P < 0.0001], respectively), and invitation to interview (R2 = 0.07 [P < 0.0001] and R2 = 0.04 [P < 0.0001], respectively). For the themes evaluated, references' use of teaching words best correlated with normalized final application score, although the correlation was poor (R2 = 0.007, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Reference writers' ratings of PGY1 residency candidate characteristics in PhORCAS are poorly correlated with application score, applicant ranking, and invitation to interview. The results of this study suggest that the existing PhORCAS standardized form for submitting references is of limited utility in its current state.
Letter: Gödel-Type Space-Time Metrics

A simple group theoretic derivation is given of the family of space-time metrics with isometry group SO(2,1) × SO(2) × ℜ first described by Godel, of which the Godel stationary cosmological solution is the member with a perfect-fluid stress-energy tensor. Other members of the family are shown to be interpretable as cosmological solutions with an electrically charged perfect fluid and a magnetic field.
Impact of the implementation of a pharmacist-driven immunosuppression drug monitoring protocol for hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

For patients with serious hematologic malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment option. Majority of HSCT recipients receive tacrolimus as part...
Triangle Measure of Tripartite Entanglement

Although genuine multipartite entanglement has already been generated and verified by experiments, most of the existing measures cannot detect genuine entanglement faithfully. In this work, by exploiting for the first time a previously overlooked constraint for the distribution of entanglement in three-qubit systems, we reveal a new genuine tripartite entanglement measure, which is related to the area of a so-called concurrence triangle. It is compared with other existing measures and is found superior to previous attempts for different reasons. A specific example is illustrated to show that two tripartite entanglement measures can be inequivalent due to the high dimensionality of the Hilbert space. The properties of the triangle measure make it a candidate in potential quantum tasks and available to be used in any multiparty entanglement problems.
Comparison and validation of automated scoring of SPECT phantom cold rod visibility.

PURPOSE Evaluation of phantom image quality is an integral component of the quality assurance of SPECT systems. This evaluation often is done by visual assessment of the resolution of known structures of a specified size, such as arrays of cold rods in a warm background. Although this method is rapid and convenient, it is qualitative and is subject to inter- and intraobserver variability. Thus an automated quantitative analysis would be preferable. Several metrics of cold rod visibility have been developed, although their suitability for SPECT quality assurance depends on how well they correspond to visual scoring by experienced observers. METHODS Various metrics of cold rod visibility, derived from either texture analysis or template-based analysis, were investigated. The texture analysis methods measured the normalized gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) energy ("Energy%") and entropy ("Entropy%") of each region and an associated combination of the two ("EnergyEntropy%"). One template-based method measured the rods-to-background contrast ("Contrast") and an associated visibility index (Contrast × area = "Contrast Visibility"). Another template-based method performed binary classification (BC) of the rods and background to compute the area under curve (AUC) of its receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve ("BC-AUC") and the corresponding signal-to-noise ratio ("BC-SNR"). All these metrics were computed for 90 SPECT acquisitions of the standard American College of Radiology ("Jaszczak") phantom. Cold rod visibility was scored independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicists on both dichotomous and 5-point scales. Scoring was performed twice by each observer to evaluate variability. RESULTS Interobserver agreement (Cohen's kappa statistic) was 0.78, and intraobserver reproducibility was 0.86 and 0.88, respectively, for each observer. Mean and median scores differed significantly between observers. Accuracy of each metric was assessed according to AUC of ROC analysis with respect to mean dichotomous score. The binary classification metrics had the highest accuracy (BC-AUC = 0.995, BC-SNR = 0.994), above that of the texture analysis metrics (Entropy% = 0.992, Energy% = 0.988, EnergyEntropy% = 0.992) and conventional template analysis (Contrast = 0.984, Contrast Visibility = 0.989). The metrics were similar in terms of rank correlation to mean visibility score. BC-AUC correlated linearly with mean visibility score (R2 = 0.95) and consistently performed among the highest of the metrics vs rod diameter and count level. CONCLUSIONS Automated quantitative analysis of SPECT phantom cold rods correlated well with visual scoring. The metrics based on binary classification performed particularly well for this task, across the range of rod diameters and count levels. The suboptimal interobserver agreement highlights the importance of developing automated algorithms for evaluating scanner performance.
Bridging the Gap between Structured and Free-form Radiology Reporting: A Case-study on Coronary CT Angiography

Free-form radiology reports associated with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) include nuanced and complicated linguistics to report cardiovascular disease. Standardization and interpr...
Gelfand-Naimark Decomposition and the Harish-Chandra c-Function

This chapter continues the integral representation of spherical functions. Most of it is due to Harish-Chandra [Har 58a], who recognized and developed the role of Ū = t U in his theory of spherical inversion. This chapter develops the information which arises from the Gelfand-Naimark decomposition.
Mechanism of transcription from nif promoters: involvement of IHF

In a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria belonging to the phylum “Purple bacteria”, transcription of nitrogen fixation (nif) genes depends on an alternative holoenzyme form of RNA polymerase carrying σ54 as the sigma factor. Sigma 54 confers on core RNA polymerase a unique promoter recognition specificity that consists of an essential GG-N10-GC minimal consensus sequence located 11 to 14 base pairs upstream of transcriptional startsites. This consensus sequence constitutes a binding site for σ54-holoenzyme.
FPGA Implementation of Advance Encryption Standard Using Xilinx System Generator

This paper presents a resource efficient reconfigurable hardware implementation of Advance Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm using High Level Language (HLL) approach on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for rapid development. In this work, we use an approach to directly map the design described in a high level package i.e. System Generator on FPGA platforms. This approach is ideal for Encryption functions where the development of data-path architectures can easily be done to provide bit and cycle accurate models. Our approach fills the gap between performance and flexibility by efficiently applying re-configurability. We use primitive level approach and customize all the operations our design by effectively utilizing conventional blocks of Xilinx System Generator to get optimum performance in terms of speed and area. This approach enables us to minimize critical paths in design and increase the overall frequency of design especially for MixColumn and SubByte transform. Our design shows best performance in terms of speed and area as compared with any other software and hardware/software co-design implementation counterparts, it operates at 288.19 MHZ and offers high throughput of 36.864 Gbps.
Long slot array (LSA) antenna integrated with compact broadband coupled microstrip impedance transformer

In this paper, a miniaturized coupled microstrip impedance transformer has been developed and integrated with the long slot array (LSA) antenna as a feeding structure. The proposed impedance transformer offers low cost capability by employing printed circuit technology and compact size circuitries can be accomplished by a miniaturization technique, i.e. meandering. Conventional microstrip impedance transformers which can be designed to cover the frequency band of interest (225 MHz – 450 MHz) are too large to be directly implemented onto the LSA due to their limited space on the metallic strip section between feeds. To overcome this issue, miniaturization particularly the meandered transmission line is applied and the compact size (2.1 cm × 3.1 cm) impedance transformer has been developed. The developed impedance transformer provides less than 1 dB insertion loss over the operation frequency range and it is small enough to be directly implemented on the LSA. The developed impedance transformers were implemented to each port of the planar LSA as a feeding structure and their feasibility was tested by using HFSS. Simulation result shows that the LSA integrated with the developed impedance transformer provided very similar radiation pattern and gain as the LSA excited by ideal lumped ports.
Large strain analysis of beams and arches undergoing large rotations

A geometrically non-linear finite element formulation based on the total Lagrangian approach is developed for laminated composite beams and arches considering large strain effects. Explicit expressions for the changes in the constitutive equations relating the Green strain to the 2nd Piola-Kirchhoff stress due to large strains are presented in curvilinear coordinates. Relationships between the Euler stress-Almansi strain measures and 2nd Piola-Kirchhoff stress-Green strain measures are used to determine the new constitutive relations. Large strain effects on load displacement characteristics are studied for both isotropic and laminated structures when they are undergoing large displacements and rotations.
Bi-layer, mode 2, four-arm spiral antennas

A bi-layer, four-arm, printed spiral antenna having a well-formed conical pattern with a simple, vertically oriented feed is proposed. Mode 2 performance is verified computationally and experimentally. A novel helical arm termination is also introduced and enhanced performance is demonstrated.
Electronic to vibrational energy transfer in Na(3 2P) with simple molecules

Abstract The qualitative model presented explains and predicts which of the two experimentally observed types of cross sections is to be expected. The decision, made using molecular orbital theory and without calculation, is based on the degree of similarity in the geometry of the molecule and its negative ion.
Vulnerable Populations: Drug Court Program Clients

Substance abuse and addiction are chronic conditions characterized by an inability to control one's urge to use mood- or mind-altering drugs. Recognition of the association between addictions and crime to support the addiction, along with the relapsing nature of addictions, presents treatment and management challenges for clinicians and frustration for patients and their families. Pressures to reduce the burgeoning jail population have resulted in collaboration between the treatment community and the court--a diversion program called drug court. This article reviews the drug court programs, the clients, and the processes of accountability that direct the progress toward sobriety in the drug court clients. It also argues that the drug court clients have unique health needs requiring interventions best suited for the recovering addict enrolled in a diversion program within the criminal justice system. Nurses have the ability to influence these systems and provide safety-net clinics to drug court clients through outreach, case finding, and culturally and linguistically appropriate care that can ultimately help this population to reach a higher level of wellness.
Small bowel obstruction due to a right-sided paraduodenal hernia: a case report

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) diagnosed with abdominal computed tomography (CT) has been extensively studied in radiology literature. We present a case report of SBO due to a rare right-sided paraduodenal hernia diagnosed preoperatively on a non-contrast CT and confirmed surgically.
Cause and effect relationship between acid reflux and symptoms: a reappraisal using ROC curves

Cause and effect relationship between acid reflux and symptoms: a reappraisal using ROC curves
An Effect of Nuclear-reactor Operation in Space

THERE is considerable development effort towards producing nuclear reactors for SNAP (systems for nuclear auxiliary power) applications. Obviously the performance of these reactors in the space environment is a matter of some concern.
Helium cooling of X-ray optics during synchrotron heating

Abstract A cooling scheme for focussing monochromator crystals is presented, which is capable of handling the heat load produced by wiggler radiation.
New techniques and developments in physiologic imaging of airways

The ability to view airways response directly during an asthmatic attack would clearly be of great advantage in our understanding and treatment of airway hyperresponsiveness. Unfortunately, traditional assessments of airway hyperresponsiveness do not permit this. Conventional clinical and research parameters, such as spirometric variables (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV 1 ], forced expiratory flow, and so forth) and bronchoalveolar lavage, provide only gross averages of airways function. Similarly, FEV 1 assesses global changes in the normal and diseased lung, and also lacks the ability to assess regional variations that may be important in understanding and treating the disease process. 50 Measurements of inflammatory mediators and bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts suffer from limited sampling locations. Furthermore, introduction of a fiberoptic bronchoscope into the airways of an asthmatic patient during a severe or even moderate asthmatic attack is believed to be too dangerous. Recently, noninvasive imaging methods for assessing regional and individual airway responsiveness have been developed in animal models and applied to humans with obstructive lung disease.
Does a conservation law limit position measurements

The demonstrations of Wigner and others, that observables which do not commute with additive conserved quantities cannot be measured precisely, are reexamined. A proposed new formulation of the claim is shown to be valid for observables with a continuous spectrum whenever the conserved quantities are bounded. However, a counter model is constructed, and it suggests that the position can be measured as precisely as the momentum even though the measuring interaction conserves the total linear momentum
Interconnecting SNA networks

Systems Network Architecture (SNA) allows terminals and application programs to communicate with one another using SNA entities called logical units. Until now, these logical units have had to be in the same network to communicate. This paper describes recently introducedS SNA network interconnection functions that allow logical units in independent SNA networks to communicate with one another. Each network is configured, defined, and managed separately. By using one or more facilities called gateways, networks can remain independent while their logical units initiate, use, and terminate internetwork sessions, without any changes to themselves. A communications user need not be aware that a session partner is in a separate network.
Time‐frequency decomposition of signals in a current disruption event

Wavelet transform has recently been developed to the level of sophistication suitable for application to signal processing in magnetospheric research. We explore this new technique in decomposing signals in the time-frequency domain by first conducting continuous wavelet transform on a test signal to show its ability to resolve multiple-frequency components embedded within white noise of half the amplitude as the signal. We then use this tool to examine the large-amplitude magnetic fluctuations observed during a current disruption event. The results show the current disruption to be a multiscale phenomenon, encompassing low- as well as high-frequency components. The lowest-frequency component appears to behave quite independently from the higher-frequency components. The analysis shows for the first time that in current disruption the high-frequency components constitute a broadband excitation with a nonstationary nature, i.e., some oscillations appear to cascade from high to low frequency as time progresses.
The effects of electrical and osmotic gradients on lateral intercellular spaces and membrane conductance in a low resistance epithelium

We have studied the effect of d-c currents and osmotic gradients on the conductance and ultrastructure of the frog gallbladder. Passing current across the epithelium produces three voltage transients which are due to (i) the membrane capacitance, (ii) ion polarization effects, and (iii) changes in membrane resistance. The direction and magnitude of these resistance changes depended on (i) the direction of the current pulse, (ii) the current density, (iii) the ion selectivity of the epithelium, (iv) the thickness of the unstirred layers, and (v) the presence or absence of osmotic gradients across the tissue. Osmotic gradients also change the resistance of the gallbladder. These resistance changes are accompanied by changes in cell structure. Resistance increases are associated with the collapse of the lateral intercellular spaces. We conclude that osmotic and electrical gradients increase tissue resistance by narrowing the spaces and thereby increasing their resistance. On the other hand, we believe that the drop in resistance brought about by both current and osmotic gradients is not fully accounted for by dilation of the spaces, but is related to changes within the epithelial membranes similar to those in high resistance tissues.
Unilateral atlanto-axial fractures in near side impact collisions: An under recognized entity in cervical trauma.

Objective: Nearside impact collisions presenting with lateral mass fractures of atlanto-axial vertebrae contralateral to the impact site represents a rare fracture pattern that does not correlate with previously described injury mechanism. We describe our clinical experience with such fractures and propose a novel description of biomechanical forces involved in this unique injury pattern. The findings serve to alert clinicians to potentially serious consequences of associated unrecognized and untreated vertebral artery injury. Material and Methods : In addition to describing our clinical experience with three of these fractures, a review of Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database was conducted to further characterize such fractures. A descriptive analysis of three recent lateral mass fractures of the atlanto-axial segment is coupled with a review of the CIREN database. A total of 4047 collisions were screened for unilateral fractures of atlas or axis. Information was screened for side of impact and data regarding impact velocity, occupant injuries and use of restraints. Results: Following screening of unilateral fractures of atlas and axis for direct side impacts, 41 fractures were identified. Cross referencing these cases for occurrence contralateral to side of impact identified four such fractures. Including our recent clinical experience, seven injuries were identified: Five C1 and two C2 fractures. Velocity ranged from 14 to 43 km/h. Two associated vertebral artery injuries were identified. Conclusions: Complexity of the atlanto-axial complex is responsible for a sequence of events that define load application in side impacts. This study demonstrates the vulnerability of vertebral artery to injury under unique translational forces and supports the use or routine screening for vascular injury. Diminished sensitivity of plain radiography in identifying these injuries suggests that computerized tomography should be used in all patients wherein a similar pattern of injury is suspected.
Host location by Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in equine associated substrates

House flies, (Musca domestica L.) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) are common pests on equine facilities. Biological control of these flies with pupal parasitoids has become increasingly popular with horse owners but has not been evaluated on equine facilities. Little is known of the substrate preferences of filth fly parasitoids on equine facilities, but the success of release programs may be affected by microhabitat preferences. Spalangia cameroni Perkins was evaluated for location preferences for parasitization of house fly and stable fly puparia in six substrates commonly found on equine farms in Florida. Substrates were evaluated at 20:1 and 5:1 H:P ratios and during the experiment parasitoids had access to all substrates simultaneously. No differences were observed between filth fly host species in any of the measured parameters: total host mortality, parasitoid progeny production and residual host mortality. Significant effects of H:P ratio on host mortality and residual mortality were found but not on progeny production. While there were significantly more hosts killed in the aged shavings than the fresh shavings at the 20:1 ratio, no differences were observed at the 5:1 ratio. Additionally, no differences were found in progeny production across substrates at the 20:1 ratio, but higher reproductive success was observed in several substrates at the 5:1 ratio. These results demonstrate that S. cameroni had substrate preferences but that these preferences were absent with reduced host density. This parasitoid species appears to be effective at parasitizing hosts in the common equine substrates of Florida.
Cluster headache and the heart

Cluster headache is a rare but debilitating recurrent headache disorder. It is most common in middle-aged and older men, a group with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease. This article reviews available information regarding the association of cluster headache and the heart in three selected areas: 1) the known effects of cluster headache on cardiovascular parameters such as heart rate and rhythm and blood pressure; 2) the prevalence of cardiac risk factors in subjects with cluster headache; and 3) the connection between patent foramen ovale and cluster headache. Some evidence suggests that cardiovascular risk factors, especially cigarette smoking, may be more common in cluster headache sufferers. There also is evidence that disturbances of autonomic function or certain structural cardiac anomalies may be more common in cluster headache sufferers. In addition, a number of important treatment options for cluster headache have effects on cardiovascular function that must be considered in planning therapy. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.
Social competence with peers in young children: Developmental sequences

Abstract A model is proposed that describes a developmental sequence from infancy to childhood in social competence with peers. The model is an attempt to integrate primarily descriptive research into a conceptual framework. Marker behaviors of social competence with peers for four stages are identified. The stages are assumed to represent an invariant sequence. Individual differences in social competency with peers within each stage are assumed to remain stable across stages. Research that supports the model and research necessary to verify the model are described in the article.
SU‐E‐CAMPUS‐J‐01: Monitoring of 19F‐Labeled Immune Cell Trafficking During Radiotherapy Using MRI

Purpose: Given the cross talk between cancer and the host immune system, there is a compelling need to monitor immunogenic responses in vivo during radiotherapy treatment. Over the last year our laboratory has been working toward (1) developing the nonradioactive isotope fluorine‐19 (19F), as a novel, clinically applicable tracking agent for immune cells using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and (2.) investigating if local irradiation of tumors augments expression of danger signals that recruit and activates immune cells using 19F MRI. Methods: Using a high‐resolution Varian 4.7 Tesla small animal MRI scanner several we have developed several imaging protocols to optimize a 19F MR imaging system that uses either a dedicated surface or volumetric fluorine coil. Given these protocols, human natural killer (NK) cells labeled with 19F‐PFPE were injected subcutaneously in the footpad of a mouse and scanned ∼1, 24, 48, 72, 120 hours after injection. Results: Initial experiments have demonstrated excellent SNR uniformity provided by the volume coil. Excellent signal linearity was demonstrated by acquiring images of phantom vials with increasing concentrations of 19F‐PFPE. We have also demonstrated the ability to monitor NK cells trafficking throughout the lymphatic system of a mouse. Conclusion: We are currently investigating the immunogenic response following irradiation of subcutaneous tumors in mice. The ability to monitor immune cell trafficking during therapy will help optimize the synergistic effects of radiation cytotoxicity and the host immune system. UW Carbone Cancer Center Pilot Grant
Zeeman frequency shifts in an optical dipole trap used to search for an electric-dipole moment

We calculate the Zeeman frequency shifts due to interactions with the light in a far-off-resonance optical dipole trap. These shifts are important for potential use of such a trap to search for an atomic permanent electric-dipole moment ~EDM!. We present numerical results for Cs and Hg, as examples of paramagnetic and diamagnetic atoms. The vector and tensor light shifts are calculated for a large range of trap optical frequencies, for both red-detuned and blue-detuned traps. We also consider frequency shifts resulting from magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole transitions mixed in by a static electric field. These shifts are particularly important for EDM experiments since they are linear in the electric field. The Zeeman frequency shifts represent a substantial problem for EDM experiments in a dipole trap and must be controlled with care to achieve theoretical sensitivity. @S1050-2947~99!02806-1# PACS number~s!: 32.80.Pj, 32.60.1i, 32.10.Dk, 11.30.Er I. INTRODUCTION The search for a permanent electric-dipole moment ~EDM! is an effective method of probing for physics beyond the standard model @1#. A nonzero value of the EDM requires violation of T and P invariance. If the CPT symmetry is not violated, it also implies CP violation. Within the standard model the EDMs are unmeasurably small, but many extensions of the standard model predict EDMs well within experimental reach. Techniques of laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms open new possibilities for EDM experiments @2,3#. In one of the more promising methods, cold atoms are held between high-voltage electrodes in an optical dipole trap, and the coupling between the static electric field and the atomic EDM produces a shift of the Zeeman levels of the atoms. However, the Zeeman levels would also be shifted by the interactions with the trapping laser fields. In this paper we present a systematic analysis of the various Zeeman energy shifts due to the laser fields in an optical dipole trap, and discuss how they might limit the sensitivity of an EDM experiment. We find that such shifts will impose tight constraints on the design of the experiment. An atom with a permanent electric-dipole moment d and a magnetic dipole moment m interacts with electric and magnetic fields E and B according to the following Hamiltonian,