cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A rapid technique for preparing microorganisms for transmission electron microscopy.

A rapid and efficient method of preparing microorganisms for transmission electors microscopy is reported. In developing the method Salmonella, streptococcal, ad protozoal specimens were fixed with glutaraldehyde. After fixation cells are collected on a membrane filter, washed with buffer, postfixed with osmium tetroxide, then washed with distilled water and stained en bloc with uranyl acetate. Specimens are dehydrated using a graded series of acetone and then infiltrated with graded mixtures of acetone and Spurr embedding medium. Finally the membrane filter is cut into small pieces and embedded in fresh embedding medium polymerized in polyethylene capsules. By collecting and processing the specimens on membrane filters, numerous centrifugations are eliminated from standard procedures. The use of a low viscosity embedding medium allows for rapid infiltration and embedding of the specimen. Using this technique microbial specimens can be sectioned after less than 4 hours preparation.
The Sea Islands as a Cultural Resource

(1974). The Sea Islands as a Cultural Resource. The Black Scholar: Vol. 5, Black Science, pp. 32-39.
Cancer Screening Intervention Among Black Women in Inner-City Atlanta-Design of a Study

This experimental study attempts to determine if an in-home educational intervention conducted by lay health workers (LHWs) can increase adherence among low-income, inner-city black women to schedules for screening for breast cancer and cervical cancer, as well as increase the women's knowledge and change their attitudes regarding these cancers. This paper is a description of the purposes, hypotheses, design, subject recruitment, intervention, and evaluation of the study conducted by Morehouse School of Medicine. Subjects were recruited from a variety of sources, including patients seen in a community health center, women referred by the National Black Women's Health Project (NBWHP), residents of public and senior citizen housing projects, and persons identified in various community settings. Fewer than half of those asked to participate agreed to do so. The 321 women who were recruited were demographically diverse. Overall, about half of these volunteer subjects self-reported at least one Papanicolaou (Pap) smear and one breast examination within a year before enrollment in the study. There was little variation by source of recruitment in compliance with screening recommendations, except that referrals from NBWHP were more likely (P less than 0.01) to have had a Pap test and breast self-examination, while residents of public housing projects were somewhat less likely to have done so. About 35 percent of participants ages 35 and older had a mammogram within an appropriate interval. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Women in the intervention group were visited in their homes by LHWs on three occasions; the LHWs provided education on cancer and reproductive health. The groups were comparable in their baseline sociodemographic status and previous screening history.
AP-Cloud

We propose a new adaptive Particle-in-Cloud (AP-Cloud) method for obtaining optimal numerical solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson equation. Unlike the traditional particle-in-cell (PIC) method, which is commonly used for solving this problem, the AP-Cloud adaptively selects computational nodes or particles to deliver higher accuracy and efficiency when the particle distribution is highly non-uniform. Unlike other adaptive techniques for PIC, our method balances the errors in PDE discretization and Monte Carlo integration, and discretizes the differential operators using a generalized finite difference (GFD) method based on a weighted least square formulation. As a result, AP-Cloud is independent of the geometric shapes of computational domains and is free of artificial parameters. Efficient and robust implementation is achieved through an octree data structure with 2:1 balance. We analyze the accuracy and convergence order of AP-Cloud theoretically, and verify the method using an electrostatic problem of a particle beam with halo. Simulation results show that the AP-Cloud method is substantially more accurate and faster than the traditional PIC, and it is free of artificial forces that are typical for some adaptive PIC techniques.
Enduring affiliation and gender doctrine for Shiloh Sisters and Rajneesh Sannyasins

Enduring membership in communal new religions may have lasting effects when long-term members exit because of partial or complete movement disintegration. Data from two distinctly different groups of women, 20 former members of the 1970s Shiloh Youth Revival Centers and 20 former residents of the 1980s communal city of Rajneeshpuram, suggest that extended membership fundamentally redirects women's priorities. The women from each group changed the courses of their lives because they conserved the gender doctrine articulated within their movements, for more than a decade after their departures. Gender doctrine involves patterned definitions of femininity and masculinity embedded in every religion's overall doctrine. It delimits gender differences, the nature of deity(ies), the division of labor, interpersonal bonds, sexuality, and procreation.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIANTS AND THE HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE SPOTTED SALAMANDER, AMBYSTOMA MACULATUM.

I analyzed geographic partitioning of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction-site variants in the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum. Two highly divergent and geographically separate genetic lineages were identified that differed by a minimum of 19 restriction sites (6% sequence divergence). One of the lineages has a disjunct distribution with very closely related haplotypes occurring in Missouri, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Virginia. The other lineage is found in Michigan, Illinois, and Alabama. The geographic separation of highly divergent mtDNA haplotypes, a pattern that was predicted based on the sedentary nature of these salamanders, is evidence for long-term barriers to gene flow. In contrast, the large-scale disjunction of very similar haplotypes suggests recent, long-distance gene flow and does not match the phylogeographic expectation for a small terrestrial vertebrate. I explain this potential contradiction in the level of importance assigned to gene flow by a scenario in which historical barriers to gene flow account for the two divergent mtDNA assemblages, but stochastic sorting of ancestral polymorphism is responsible for the large-scale geographic disjunction. Ten of 16 populations collected in the Ozark Highlands were fixed for the same haplotype. I attribute this lack of detectable variation to recent colonization of this area, a hypothesis that is supported by paleoecological data and demonstrates the potential benefits of combining data from paleobotany, geology, and other disciplines to reconstruct the historical biogeography of a species.
Preparation of Consultation Reports by Computer for Transfusion Reactions

One of the needs in the practice of transfusion medicine is the prompt provision of a consultation report to be entered in the patient's chart for proper management of the patient's condition. The report should contain the results of the medical history intake and physical examination, proposed therapy, and methods for evaluating the success of the therapy. It can be easily generated by a computer. We describe an existing program that writes consultations on transfusion reactions.
Solid-state ornithopter: A feasibility study

The broad goal of this research is to demonstrate the feasibility of fully solid-state ornithopter-like flight using only smart materials. To this end, first, a parametric static and dynamic finite element analysis is conducted to understand the behavior of a non-active rectangular composite wing. A one-piece plate-like wing surface was assumed similar to the glide planform of a Great Blue Heron. Several non-active composite wings and one active wing prototypes were fabricated. The flapping and twisting motions of the wing were induced with the use of several distributed surface-bonded piezocomposite actuators. In preliminary experiments, a commercially available microcontroller and a high-voltage converter was used to excite the active piezocomposite wing demonstrating tip deflections in excess of 10 cm. A one degree-of-freedom testing apparatus constrained to the lift direction is used to simulate boundary conditions as experienced during flight. This paper focuses on detailed theoretical and experimental analyses on the fabricated prototypes. Results for halfinactive-wing force-displacement response and full-active-wing voltage-displacementresponse are presented.
Addendum to a Review of the Genus Omalus Panzer in North America (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)

In our paper on Omalus (Ann. Ent. Soc. America 53 : 235-50) Dr. L. E. Campos and I inadvertently omitted the description of O. plicatus (Aaron), although figures were given, and it was included in the key. The species belongs to the subgenus Diplorrhos Aaron, and the toothed second abdominal tergite is diagnostic. Altogether, 42 males and 219 females have been studied from a large geographical area including Alaska, Canada and the western and northern parts of United States proper. Borderline states are New Mexico, Minnesota, Michigan, and New York.
An Adaptive Similarity Measure for Automated Identification of Breast Lesions in Temporal Pairs of Mammograms for Interval Change Analysis

An adaptive similarity measure (ASM) is designed to improve automated identification of corresponding lesions on prior mammograms. It combines adaptive filtering to enhance the lesion and a similarity measure (SM) as a figure-of-merit (FOM) measure. The filters are designed with a training set to maximize and minimize the FOM for the similar and dissimilar image pairs, respectively, by using a gradient optimization technique. The ASM was applied to the final stage of our multistage regional registration technique for identification of the mass on the prior mammogram. A search for the best match between the lesion template from the current mammogram and a structure on the prior mammogram was carried out within a search region, guided by the ASM. This new approach was evaluated by using 179 temporal pairs of mammograms containing biopsy-proven masses. 86% of the estimated lesion locations resulted in an area overlap of at least 50% with the true lesion locations. The average distance between the estimated and the true lesion centroids on the prior mammogram was 4.5 ± 6.7 mm. In comparison, the correct localization and the average distance using a conventional correlation SM were 84% and 4.9 ±7.0 mm, respectively. The ASM improved the identification of the corresponding lesions on temporal pairs of mammograms.
Full Shift Physical Activity among Reforestation Hand Planters A Feasibility Study

Reforestation in the Southeastern United States is predominantly accomplished through the use of hand planting methods. A high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain has been reported among reforestation hand planters. This feasibility study aimed to characterize the intensity of physical activity using inertial measurement units (IMUs) placed on the upper arms, trunk, and waist of ten reforestation hand planters during full shift work. Results indicated that participants spent the majority (>50%) of their time performing moderate, vigorous, or very vigorous levels of physical activity. Exposure estimates among planters exceed many other occupations that commonly report a high prevalence of musculoskeletal health outcomes, including healthcare and construction workers. Additional research into the working demands of reforestation hand planters is warranted.
Cortisol Reactions During Family Conflict Discussions: Influences of Wives' and Husbands' Exposure to Family-of-Origin Aggression.

OBJECTIVE Though family-of-origin aggression (FOA) is a known risk for later emotional and physical problems in adulthood, little is known about how early exposure to aggression influences physiological reactivity in the domain-specific context of family conflict experienced as an adult. This study investigates whether report of FOA influences spouses' hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses during conflict discussions with their family-of-procreation and also whether current hostilities, observed during a family discussion, moderate those responses. METHOD In a sample of 91 families, we measured parents' HPA responses through salivary cortisol total output and discussion-related increase surrounding 15-minute hot-topic discussions that trained observers coded for family members' hostility. Partners' also reported on eight items assessing parent-to-child and interparental FOA. RESULTS In models testing within-partner and across-partner influences, wives' higher FOA was linked with increases in their own and their husbands' cortisol. Spouses' own FOA showed significant interactions with the partners' hostility to affect total cortisol output, although in an attenuated direction for wives and a heightened direction for husbands. CONCLUSION The results suggest that HPA responsiveness can elucidate links between family-of-origin experiences and adult intimate relationships and may be a factor in risk and resilience over time.
Falls and fractures during aromatase inhibitors (AI) therapy.

e20635 Background: AI therapy may promote loss of bone mineral density and fractures. We investigated the incidence of falls and fractures in patients (pts) on adjuvant (adj) AI compared to aged-ma...
In-Hospital Mortality and Post-Surgical Complications Among Cancer Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important etiologic and prognostic factor for cancer, but few studies have assessed hospitalization outcomes among patients with both conditions. Data was obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). Study variables were assessed using ICD-9 codes on adults aged 40 years and over admitted to a US hospital between 2007 and 2011 with primary diagnosis of either breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. We examined in-hospital mortality, post-surgical complications, and discharge disposition among cancer patients with MetS and compared with non-MetS patients. Hospitalized breast (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.20–0.46), colorectal (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.35–0.49), and prostate (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.16–0.49) cancer patients with MetS had significantly reduced odds of in-hospital mortality. The odds of post-surgical complications among breast (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03–1.39) and prostate (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09–1.37) cancer patients with MetS were higher, but lower by 7% among colorectal cancer patients with MetS. Additionally, breast (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11–1.32) and colorectal (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.11) cancer patients with MetS had significantly higher odds for discharge to a skilled nursing facility compared with those without MetS, but this was not statistically significant among prostate cancer patients. Adverse health outcomes were significantly higher among hospitalized patients with a primary diagnosis of cancer and MetS. Future studies are needed to identify clinical strategies for detecting and managing patients with MetS to reduce the likelihood of poor inpatient outcomes.
Refining operational logics

This paper expands on and refines the theoretical framework of operational logics, which simultaneously addresses how games operate at a procedural level and how games communicate these operations to players. In the years since their introduction, operational logics have been applied in domains ranging from game studies to game generation and game modeling languages. To support these uses and to enable new ones, we resolve some standing ambiguities and provide a catalog of key, fundamental operational logics. Concretely, we provide an explicit and detailed definition of operational logics; specify a set of logics which seems fundamental and suffices to interpret a broad variety of games across several genres; give the first detailed explanation of how exactly operational logics combine; and suggest application domains for which operational logics-based analysis and knowledge representation are especially appropriate.
Laparoscopic versus open emergent ventral hernia repair: utilization and outcomes analysis using the ACSNSQIP database

Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (VHR) is associated with decreased morbidity and shorter length of stay (LOS) when compared to open VHR. Despite evidence of the benefits of laparoscopy, its utilization in VHR has lagged behind that of other complex surgical procedures. We hypothesized that utilization is further reduced in emergency cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization of laparoscopy in emergent VHR and to assess 30-day outcomes for patients undergoing laparoscopic emergent ventral hernia repair (LEVHR) versus open emergent ventral hernia repair (OEVHR). We used the ACS-NSQIP database for years 2006–2015 to compare LEVHR versus OEVHR. Inclusion required two factors: (1) classification as an emergency case and (2) primary procedure documented as laparoscopic or open repair of incarcerated umbilical, ventral, or incisional hernia. LOS and 30-day morbidity and mortality were assessed. A total of 13,126 patients underwent emergent repair of initial or recurrent umbilical, ventral, or incisional hernia. 1130 (8.6%) underwent LEVHR repair and 11,996 (91.4%) underwent OEVHR. Patient demographic data display a trend toward decreased utilization of laparoscopy in patients with more significant comorbidities. LEVHR was associated with decreased operative time and postoperative LOS. LEVHR was associated with decreased superficial surgical site infection (SSI), deep SSI, and 30-day mortality. Subgroup analysis displays decreased incidence of superficial SSI, deep SSI, wound disruption, pneumonia, and postoperative sepsis for patients ASA1-3 undergoing LEVHR versus OEVHR. Utilization of laparoscopy in VHR is low in emergency cases. Patients who did undergo LEVHR had decreased postoperative LOS and decreased infectious and wound-related morbidity. Increased utilization in emergency VHR could significantly improve patient outcomes. Further study is warranted.
Issues of Validity and Logistic Regression: Statistical Models for Predicting Multipoint Competition in the U.S. Airline Industry

The validity of one’s measures affects the quality of one’s results, and some of these validity issues are discussed as they are applied to an empirical investigation of multipoint competition. The project required logistic regression analyses, and this method is also presented. The validity and logistic regression issues are embedded in the process of creating, producing and publishing a major research project, including some of the setbacks and tradeoffs that influenced decisions during the life cycle of this study. I also address some of the theoritical issues pertaining to multipoint competition.
Abstract 5223: Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 1Modulates Endothelial Cell Growth and Injury Repair Through No and Akt

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1) modulates endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production by degrading asymmetric methylarginines that act as endogenous NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors. Since we recently found DDAH1 strongly expressed in vascular endothelial cells, this study examined effects of DDAH1 on endothelial function. Here, by using selective gene silencing of DDAH1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpression of DDAH1 in HUVEC, we demonstrate that DDAH1 acts to promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation both by the traditional role of degrading asymmetric methylarginines and a novel molecular pathway of increasing Akt activity. Specifically, overexpression of DDAH1 Abstracts From Scientific Sessions 2009 S1073 dose-dependently increased p-Akt Ser473 , Akt activity and p-eNOS Ser1177 , while selective gene silencing of DDAH1 with siRNA decreased endothelial p-Akt Ser473 and p-eNOS Ser1177 . Importantly, incubation of HUVEC with the NOS inhibitors L-NAME or ADMA, the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ, or the membrane permeable cGMP analog 8-pCPT-cGMP had no effect on p-Akt Ser473 , indicating that the increase of p-Akt Ser473 produced by DDAH1 was NO and cGMP independent. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt rescued HUVEC from DDAH1 knockdown, while the increases of HUVEC tube formation, proliferation and migration after DDAH1 overexpression were abolished by the Akt inhibitor ly294002. Moreover, using endothelial specific DDAH1 gene deficient mice generated in our laboratory, we demonstrated that endothelial spouting from cultured aortic rings and in vivo vascular endothelial repair after wire injury were impaired compared to wild type mice. DDAH1 KO also attenuated vascular p-Akt Ser473 but not total Akt. Together, the data demonstrate that DDAH1 plays an important role in vascular endothelial cell growth and injury repair by regulating both NO production and Akt activity. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, National Center.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (leuprolide acetate) induced ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a woman undergoing intermittent hemodialysis

Moderate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome occurred after LA was administered to control menorrhagia in an anephric woman who required hemodialysis. We postulate that women who require dialysis may be at special risk for the development of this syndrome.
The Potential for Integrating Solar Thermal Energy in Both Centralized and Decentralized Systems in Egypt

There is an increasing need for the integration of renewable energy into the energy sector in Egypt. As the electricity subsidies are residing for consumers in Egypt, electricity prices are increasing. This increase in energy prices can be mitigated by the integration of renewable energy technologies. One of the most promising renewable energy technologies that will help stabilize the energy situation in Egypt, is Solar Thermal Energy. Solar Thermal Energy has a great potential in Egypt due to the availability and intensity of direct irradiance in Egypt. Therefore, Egypt has an amazing opportunity as a developing country to start perusing solar thermal technologies; these technologies include decentralized and centralized technologies. Decentralized technologies are targeted more for regular consumers and centralized technologies are targeted more for power generation and industries.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
Trayectorias sociales como enfoque para analizar juventudes

This work is oriented to state some problematizations leading to discuss on the conceptual and methodological pertinence of social trajectories as a potential approach for “youth analysis”, assuming that social trajectories are mostly a matter of the field of public policies. The most extended notions concerning social trajectories are presented and discussed, with an emphasis on the realities of youths, portraying the methodological, technical and source potentialities, limits and difficulties for the development of social research under this approach.
Neural and Endocrine Correlates of Early Life Abuse in Youth With Depression and Obesity

Depression and insulin resistance are becoming increasingly prevalent in younger populations. The origin and consequence of insulin resistance in depressed youth may, in part, be rooted in exposure to environmental stressors, such as early life abuse, that may lead to aberrant brain motivational networks mediating maladaptive food-seeking behaviors and insipient insulin resistance. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the impact of early life abuse on the development of insulin resistance in depressed and overweight youth aged 9 to 17 years. We hypothesized that youth with the greatest burden of early life abuse would have the highest levels of insulin resistance and corresponding aberrant reward network connectivities. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated sixty-nine depressed and overweight youth aged 9 to 17, using multimodal assessments of early life abuse, food-seeking behavior, and insulin resistance. Based on results of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), we separated our study participants into two groups: 35 youth who reported high levels of the sum of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse and 34 youth who reported insignificant or no levels of any abuse. Results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and resting state functional connectivity (RSFC), using the amygdala, insula, and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as seed-based reward network regions of interest, were analyzed for group differences between high abuse and low abuse groups. High abuse youth exhibited differences from low abuse youth in amygdala-precuneus, NAcc-paracingulate gyrus, and NAcc-prefrontal cortex connectivities, that correlated with levels of abuse experienced. The more different their connectivity from of that of low abuse youth, the higher were their fasting glucose and glucose at OGTT endpoint. Importantly, level of abuse moderated the relation between reward network connectivity and OGTT glucose response. In contrast, low abuse youth showed hyperinsulinemia and more insulin resistance than high abuse youth, and their higher OGTT insulin areas under the curve correlated with more negative insula-precuneus connectivity. Our findings suggest distinct neural and endocrine profiles of youth with depression and obesity based on their histories of early life abuse.
Field Quality Measurement of a 4.2-m-Long Prototype Low-$\beta$ Nb$_3$Sn Quadrupole Magnet During the Assembly Stage for the High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project

Author(s): Wang, X; Ambrosio, GF; Cheng, DW; Chlachidze, G; Dimarco, J; Ghiorso, W; Hernikl, C; Lipton, TM; Myers, S; Pan, H; Prestemon, SO; Sabbi, GL | Abstract: The U.S. High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project, in collaboration with CERN, is developing Nb 3 Sn quadrupole magnets (MQXFA) to be installed at the interaction region of the LHC. The project will deliver 20 MQXFA magnets in 10 cold masses. These magnets need to meet the stringent requirements on field quality at the nominal operating current. Compared to the mature NbTi accelerator magnet technology, achieving excellent field quality can be challenging for Nb 3 Sn magnets. To help track, understand, and allow effective correction of geometric field errors, field quality measurements at room temperature during the MQXFA assembly stage was planned for the project. The measurements also intend to evaluate the magnetic axis and twist angle along the magnet aperture. We report the first measurement on a prototype MQXFA magnet using a recently developed measurement system. The magnetic axis and twist angle met the acceptance criteria. Further development needs for the room-temperature measurements were discussed. We expect that statistics obtained from such measurements throughout the project will provide insight into future applications of high-performance Nb 3 Sn accelerator magnets.
The Data Librarian’s Handbook, by Robin Rice and John Southall

This book seems to have arrived just in time for those interested in learning more about data management, which is becoming more prominent in modern librarianship. The book would be a useful additi...
A Fifth Way to Skin a Definite Integral

SummaryWe use a novel approach to evaluate the indefinite integral of 1/(1 + x4) and use this to evaluate the improper integral of this integrand from 0 to ∞. Our method has advantages over other methods in ease of implementation and accessibility.
Wilson's Disease, History of

Wilson's disease is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism in which copper accumulates and damages particularly the liver and the nervous system. Initial partial descriptions of the disorder date from the 1880s, but the first detailed clinical and pathological description was given by the British neurologist Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson in 1912. The associated Kayser–Fleischer (KF) rings had been described in 1902 by the German ophthalmologist Bernhard Kayser and reinforced in 1903 by Bruno Fleischer. In 1913, Rumpel reported excess hepatic copper in a patient dying of Wilson's disease, but it was not until the 1930s and 1940s that copper deposition was established in KF rings and the brain. A genetic basis for Wilson's disease was suggested by Byrom Bramwell in 1916 and by Hans Christian Hall in 1921 (who also coined the term ‘hepatolenticular degeneration’), but it was not until 1960 that the autosomal recessive mode of transmission was established unequivocally. In 1948, Cumings, on the basis of his demonstration of copper deposition in brain and liver, suggested that British anti-Lewisite (BAL) might be of value in removing copper from the body and might thereby improve the prognosis of Wilson's disease. BAL was the first effective therapy for Wilson's disease, but has subsequently been superseded by less toxic alternatives.
Nickel-catalyzed, ring-forming aromatic C–H alkylations with unactivated alkyl halides

The development of a nickel-catalyzed C-H alkylation of aromatic substrates with unactivated alkyl halides is described. This carbocyclization facilitates the synthesis of diverse fused ring systems from simple aromatic substrates and is an attractive alternative to traditional polar or radical-mediated ring formations. The present system uses unactivated primary and secondary alkyl bromides and chlorides, while avoiding the use of precious palladium catalysts and more reactive alkyl halides commonly used in related C-H alkylations.
Right Ventricular Thrombus in Transit: Raising the Stakes in the Management of Pulmonary Embolism.

Right heart thrombi are uncommon, usually found with concurrent pulmonary emboli and associated with significant mortality. They are often “in transit,” originating from deep vein thrombi but may also be due to primary intracardiac processes such as heart failure, devices, and atrial fibrillation. Currently the optimal management of right ventricular (RV) thrombi is not well established, as there have been no large randomized clinical trials evaluating the various treatments, and the existing evidence has been controversial. We present a case of RV thrombus in transit originating from a deep vein thrombus, complicated by acute on chronic pulmonary emboli and embolic stroke in the setting of gynecologic malignancy. This case presented a complex therapeutic dilemma in which there were no clear or optimal management options.
The Association Between Participation in Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Program and Smoking in India.

Background This paper examines whether participating in Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Program (NREGA) is associated with the likelihood of smoking among program participants in India. Methods We use two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) estimation method and two waves of India Human Development Surveys completed before (2005) and after (2012) NREGA implementation. Results The likelihood of smoking increased with NREGA participation. For every 10% increase in NREGA income, the likelihood of smoking bidis (but not cigarettes) increased by 0.88 percentage point. A bidi, a stick of unprocessed tobacco wrapped in temburini leaves, is a significantly cheaper alternative to cigarettes. Nonparticipants who had a comparable increase in income between the two India Human Development Survey waves did not show an increase in likelihood of smoking. The heterogeneity in NREGA treatment effect shows that smoking tendency is not influenced by caste/religion or literacy. Conclusions NREGA, as the largest workfare program, most certainly has had a significantly positive influence on the rural poor in India. The findings highlight its small but meaningful influence of a negative health behavior, greater likelihood of uptake of smoking bidis/hookah among program participants. Implications Existing studies have found mixed evidence of an exogenous increase in income among low-income adults and its impact on smoking. No studies to date have tested the influence of workfare programs in rural areas of developing countries, where unemployment rates are higher and a substantial share of population in those areas is poor. Based on participation in employment guarantee programs as a proxy for exogenous increase in guaranteed income among rural population in India, we find that participants in the program were more likely to smoke bidis/hookah but not cigarettes.
Architect as User

More than simply helping reshape the tools, methods, and sites of architectural practice, computer-aided design software programs have become a prime shaper of the architectural worker's self-imagi...
Association between same day discharge total knee and total hip arthroplasty and risks of cardiac/pulmonary complications and readmission: a population-based observational study.

Objective To determine if same-day discharge total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) is not associated with increased risk of unplanned readmission and adverse outcomes within 30 days of surgery. Design This is a population-based observational study. Setting Patients from 708 participating institutions who underwent primary TKA or primary THA between 2011 and 2017 were divided into three groups by length of stay (LOS 0, 1 and 2–3 days). All patients with LOS>3 days were excluded from the current study. Regression analysis and propensity score matching were performed. Data sources American College of Surgeons—National Surgical Quality Improvement Programme database. Main outcomes and measures Primary outcomes included unplanned readmission and cardiac/pulmonary complications within 30 days of surgery. Results We identified 226 481 TKA (LOS 0=3118, LOS 1=31 404, and LOS 2–3=1 91 959) and 140 557 THA patients (LOS 0=2652, LOS 1=29 617, and LOS 2–3=1 08 288). There were no differences in 30-day mortality. After adjusting for relevant covariates, LOS 0 (compared with LOS 1) was associated with higher odds of cardiac/pulmonary complications in both TKA (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.16; 0.67% vs 0.37%) and THA (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.64; 0.57% vs 0.26%). There were no statistical differences in unplanned readmissions between LOS 0 and LOS 1 groups in TKA (2.41% vs 2.31%) and THA (1.62% vs 2.04%). Conclusions LOS 0 discharge after TKA and THA was associated with higher odds of cardiac/pulmonary complications compared with LOS 1 discharge. While the overall burden of complications is relatively low, until future studies can confirm or challenge our findings, a measured approach is advisable when recommending discharge of patients on the same day of surgery.
Conceptions of Local Economic Development: Comparing Citizen and Local Official Attitudes:

This research compares citizen and local official attitudes about local barriers to, and assets that, facilitate local economic health and the underlying factors that lead to local fiscal distress....
An embedded variable step IMEX scheme for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations

Abstract This report presents a series of implicit–explicit (IMEX) variable stepsize algorithms for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations (NSE). Here, IMEX means the nonlinear term is treated fully explicitly while the remaining terms are treated implicitly. With the advent of new computer architectures there has been growing demand for low memory solvers of this type. The addition of time adaptivity improves the accuracy and greatly enhances the efficiency of the algorithm. We prove energy stability of an embedded first–second order IMEX pair. For the first order member of the pair, we prove stability for variable stepsizes, and analyze convergence. We believe this to be the first proof of this type for a variable stepsize IMEX scheme for the incompressible NSE. We then define and test a variable stepsize, variable order IMEX scheme using these methods. Our work contributes several firsts for IMEX NSE schemes, including an energy argument and error analysis of a two-step, variable stepsize method, and embedded error estimation for an IMEX multi-step method.
Four Core Genotypes and XY* mouse models: Update on impact on SABV research

The impact of two mouse models is reviewed, the Four Core Genotypes and XY* models. The models are useful for determining if the causes of sex differences in phenotypes are either hormonal or sex chromosomal, or both. Used together, the models also can distinguish between the effects of X or Y chromosome genes that contribute to sex differences in phenotypes. To date, the models have been used to uncover sex chromosome contributions to sex differences in a wide variety of phenotypes, including brain and behavior, autoimmunity and immunity, cardiovascular disease, metabolism, and Alzheimer's Disease. In some cases, use of the models has been a strategy leading to discovery of specific X or Y genes that protect from or exacerbate disease. Sex chromosome and hormonal factors interact, in some cases to reduce the effects of each other. Future progress will come from more extensive application of these models, and development of similar models in other species.
Term Morphologies as Meaningful Typology Characteristics for Indexing Languages

Every indexing language is made up of terms. Those terms have morphological characteristics. These include terms made up of single words, two words, or more. We can also take into account the total number of terms.
Development of a mobile platform for monitoring gaseous, particulate, and greenhouse gas (GHG) pollutants

The Michigan Pollution Assessment Laboratory (MPAL) is a mobile air quality monitoring platform designed to measure conventional, toxic, and greenhouse gas (GHG) air pollutants. The spatially and temporally resolved data collected can be used for multiple purposes, such as mapping spatial patterns and identifying peaks. The truck-based platform includes instrumentation for 11 gaseous pollutants and for particulate matter (PM), size distribution (7 nm to 20 μm), PM10, black and brown carbon, and trace metals. MPAL is equipped with meteorological instruments, a high-accuracy GPS, forward and reverse cameras, and a data logging and display system. We selected commercially available instrumentation based on sensitivity, response time, and robustness. The vehicle’s power system allows ~ 6.5 h of continuous operation with all instruments operating. This article details the design, construction, and evaluation of MPAL and summarizes data collected in its first year (March 2019 to March 2020) of operation. We completed a series of runs on 84 days in Detroit, Michigan, an area with a diverse set of traffic, industrial, and commercial emission sources, and collected 265,816 1-s observations (excluding collocations, zero checks, and other quality assurance measurements). Using data from these runs as well as special tests, we present results of performance evaluations that examined the response time, PM losses, and wind measurements and compare results to stationary regulatory monitoring data. We highlight key issues and provide practical solutions to help evaluate and resolve these issues and share many lessons learned in developing and using a mobile platform.
Exploring Novice Programmers' Hint Requests in an Intelligent Block-Based Coding Environment

Block-based programming environments are widely used by novices who are learning computer science. However, even in block-based coding environments that have been carefully developed to serve novices, students frequently struggle and require additional support. A promising avenue to provide this support is the use of intelligent tutoring systems, which offer adaptive hints to assist learners. In order to provide students with the adaptive hints they need, we must investigate their help-seeking behaviors and identify patterns surrounding their need for support. In this experience report, we examine data collected from 174 college students in an introductory engineering course, who used an intelligent block-based coding environment to learn computer science. These students made more than 1,000 hint requests, which we represent in two-dimensional space along axes of elapsed time and code completeness. Analysis revealed five major clusters of hint requests, which we further characterized through qualitative examination of the coding trajectories that preceded each hint request. We also analyzed how students' incoming knowledge and perceived computer skill were related to their help-seeking behaviors. Students with higher incoming knowledge requested hints when their code was more complete than students with lower incoming knowledge. Students with high perceived computer skill asked for hints when their code was less complete than those with low perceived computer skill. The results presented here provide insight into student help-seeking behavior in computer science education, informing CS educators and system designers on how best to develop support strategies.
Quantitating the art and science of esthetic clinical success.

ABSTRACT Background Beginning with the biobehavioral bases of esthetic experiences, this article presents a quantitative analytic review of the motives and methods of providers and consumers of orthodontic treatment. Method A primary focus is determining the anthropometric bases of self and others’ perceived preference and satisfaction with changes in facial appearance. These quantitative analyses have been based on determining the frequency and magnitude of reliability and validity measures of diagnosis, treatment, and satisfaction outcome. Socioeconomic considerations are also quantitated regarding the discrepancy between objective need for treatment as determined for example by the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and the subjective demand for treatment. Results The major contribution of this article is the quantitation of the components of esthetic experience from sensation of perception using psycho physical methods, such as Perceptometrics, for determining the morphological basis of perceived facial attractiveness adjusted for ethnocultural differences updated by 3-dimensional and artificial intelligence technology. Recent quantitation of smile components has also added to the measures of esthetically successful treatment. Further contribution of orthodontists to mental and physical health is demonstrated by the differences between perceived personality attributes in profile and full-frontal views of symmetric and asymmetric faces. Such information can facilitate the clinician's ability to determine the ideational representation of the patients’ perceived pre- and post-treatment outcome. Conclusion The quantitative analysis of the motives and methods involved in the orthodontic treatment process has been combined with the neurophysiological correlates of producing and observing/evaluation of the esthetic experiences of both patients and orthodontists/dentists.
Uncovering the signalling, structure and function of the 20-HETE-GPR75 pairing: Identifying the chemokine CCL5 as a negative regulator of GPR75

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The G-protein-coupled receptor GPR75 (Gq) and its ligand, the cytochrome P450-derived vasoactive eicosanoid 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), are involved in the activation of pro-inflammatory and hypertensive signalling cascades contributing to diabetes, obesity, vascular dysfunction/remodelling, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Little is known as to how, where and with what affinity 20-HETE interacts with GPR75. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To better understand the pairing of 20-HETE and its receptor (GPR75), we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to determine binding affinity/kinetics. The PRESTO-Tango receptor-ome methodology for GPR75 overexpression was coupled with FLIPR Calcium 6 assays, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) IP-1 and β-arrestin recruitment assays to determine receptor activation and downstream signalling events. KEY RESULTS SPR confirmed 20-HETE binding to GPR75 with an estimated KD of 1.56 × 10-10 M. In GPR75-transfected HTLA cells, 20-HETE stimulated intracellular Ca2+ levels, IP-1 accumulation and β-arrestin recruitment, all of which were negated by known 20-HETE functional antagonists. Computational modelling of the putative ligand-binding pocket and mutation of Thr212 within the putative 20-HETE binding site abolished 20-HETE's ability to stimulate GPR75 activation. Knockdown of GPR75 in human endothelial cells nullified 20-HETE-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ . The chemokine CCL5, a suggested GPR75 ligand, binds to GPR75 (KD of 5.85 × 10-10 M) yet fails to activate GPR75; however, it inhibited 20-HETE's ability to activate GPR75 signalling. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have identified 20-HETE as a high-affinity ligand for GPR75 and CCL5 as a low-affinity negative regulator of GPR75, providing additional evidence for the deorphanization of GPR75 as a 20-HETE receptor.
Constitutionalism and Climate Justice

This essay explores whether and the extent to which countries have seen fit to constitutionalize responses to climate change expressly or by judicial engagement. First, at least seven countries now expressly address climate change in their constitutions. Second, an increasing number of courts are finding that governmental inaction in the face of climate change can abridge constitutional rights to life, dignity or due process, or to a healthy environment.
Role of brain extracellular vesicles in air pollution-related cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration

A relationship between environmental exposure to air pollution and cognitive impairment and neurological disorders has been described. Previous literature has focused on the direct effects of the air pollution components on neuronal and glial cells, as well as on involvement of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation on microglia and astrocyte reactivity. However, other mechanisms involved in the air pollution effects on central nervous system (CNS) toxicity can be playing critical roles. Increasingly, extracellular vesicle's (EVs) mediated intercellular communication is being recognized as impacting the development of cognitive impairment and neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease and others. Here we describe the available evidence about toxic air pollutants and its components on brain, an involvement of brain cells specific and EVs types (based in the origin or in the size of EVs) in the initiation, exacerbation, and propagation of the neurotoxic effects (inflammation, neurodegeneration, and accumulation of neurotoxic proteins) induced by air pollution in the CNS. Additionally, we discuss the identification and isolation of neural-derived EVs from human plasma, the most common markers for neural-derived EVs, and their potential for use as diagnostic or therapeutic molecules for air pollution-related cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration.
Tunnel-Gully erosion and urban development: A case study

An area of tunnel gully erosion induced by the excavation of a drain through a residential subdivision in Southern New South Wales was examined. Twelve months after excavation, tunnels extend 7 m from the drain wall and threaten residential blocks only 5 m further away. A survey of a major tunnel by excavation and probing indicated tunnel formation along soil cracks around large (50 to 100 cm diameter) structural units. Soil analyses rated the soil as highly dispersible by all the routine tests used by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) of New South Wales, namely, Emerson's Crumb Test, Ritchie's Dispersal Index, and Floyd's Sticky Point Test, and showed that this dispersibility could be attributed to a high exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) (mean 10.5). In addition, the soil had a low volume expansion (<5 percent) and was relatively impermeable. These analyses have been compared with published criteria to show that the soil could have been identified as highly susceptible to tunnel erosion prior to excavation. This would have permitted an improved channel design, with a more gently sloping batter and stressed the need for lime stabilization, topsoiling, and immediate revegetation to minimize the possibility of tunnel development.