cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ab initio MODPOT interaction energy components against large basis set MBPT (4) calculations for nitromethane dimer

Ab-Initio MODPOT SCE calculations using our own optimized well-balanced minimal basis sets have little basis set superposition error (BSSE) and have proven over the years to give reliable intermolecular geometries and interaction energies. Another approach, using ab initio potential functions from energy partitioned ab initio calculations, has also yielded reliable interaction energies and intermolecular geometries, including crystal structures. We used both of these techniques in comparing the results of a published large all-electron basis set calculation on the nitromethane dimer with the above methods. Our SCF intermolecular minimum energy was at the same internuclear distance as the large all-electron basis set. Our SCF interaction energy, corrected for BSSE, was only 0.4 kcal above the SCF energy of the large basis set SCF calculation corrected for BSSE. We also calculated the energy partitioned components with our ab initio MODPOT basis set and with the larger all-electron basis set and showed that the small difference in interaction energy was due to a small difference in the first-order electrostatic multipolar term. (We also calculated this term from correlated wave functions [SDQ-MBPT (4)] using both ab initio MODPOT and the larger all-electron basis sets). From values of the first-order electrostatic multipolar term from SCF and correlated monomer wave functions, the contribution to intermolecular interaction energy due to the use of correlated monomer wave functions has been estimated. Our results indicate either the dominant role of electrostatic term or near cancellation of the remaining components of intermolecular interaction energy. For cyclic nitromethane dimer at equilibrium distance these effects approach 0.9 kcal/mol (nearly 1/4 of total interaction energy). In addition, we showed that the semitheoretical expression and parameters we use for estimating the dispersion energy gave results very close to the published variation perturbation results from the larger basis set calculation.
Preventing Relapse in the Treatment of Nicotine Addiction: Current Issues and Future Directions

Although smoking-cessation rates have continued to increase, the vast majority of smokers who quit eventually relapse. Between 1974 and 1985, over 1.3 million smokers quit during each of those years. However, 75% to 80% of those individuals resumed smoking within six months. This article describes the dynamic phenomenon of smoking relapse within the context of cyclical episodes of smoking and quitting during an individual's lifetime. Theories of the determinants of smoking relapse are reviewed and methods designed to prevent relapse are described. Smoking relapse is discussed in terms of three aspects of tobacco addiction: (1) biological-addiction mechanisms, (2) conditioning processes, and (3) cognitive-social learning factors. The major determinants of smoking relapse are reviewed, including nicotine withdrawal, stress, weight gain, social influences, conditioning factors, causal attributions, and environmental variables. A transtheoretical-developmental model is explored in the longitudinal investigation of the natural history of slips (lapses) and relapse episodes. Relapse prevention interventions are described that emphasize self-awareness, self-regulation, self-efficacy, affect regulation, social support, and lifestyle balance. Recent developments in pharmacological adjuncts to treatment are also examined. It is concluded that innovative relapse prevention methods need to be designed for hard-core smokers with histories of cessation failures, substance abuse and/or psychiatric impairment. These and other recommendations for future research on smoking relapse and relapse prevention are discussed.
Cockayne syndrome B protein stimulates apurinic endonuclease 1 activity and protects against agents that introduce base excision repair intermediates

The Cockayne syndrome B (CSB) protein—defective in a majority of patients suffering from the rare autosomal disorder CS—is a member of the SWI2/SNF2 family with roles in DNA repair and transcription. We demonstrate herein that purified recombinant CSB and the major human apurinic/ apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APE1, physically and functionally interact. CSB stimulates the AP site incision activity of APE1 on normal (i.e. fully paired) and bubble AP–DNA substrates, with the latter being more pronounced (up to 6-fold). This activation is ATP-independent, and specific for the human CSB and full-length APE1 protein, as no CSB-dependent stimulation was observed with Escherichia coli endonuclease IV or an N-terminal truncated APE1 fragment. CSB and APE1 were also found in a common protein complex in human cell extracts, and recombinant CSB, when added back to CSB-deficient whole cell extracts, resulted in increased total AP site incision capacity. Moreover, human fibroblasts defective in CSB were found to be hypersensitive to both methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and 5-hydroxymethyl2 0 -deoxyuridine, agents that introduce base excision repair (BER) DNA substrates/intermediates.
The Immunobiology of Human Macrophage Fcγ Receptors

At least three biochemically distinct Fcγ receptor classes have been described on human cells. These receptors have been designated FcγRI, FcγRII and FcγRIII. They are membrane glycoproteins with extracellular domains that contain immunoglobulin-like regions. Therefore, they are members of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. They appear to be located on human chromosome 1 and may have arisen from gene duplication. All three Fcγ receptors are present on the surface of human macrophages.
Labor Leverage and the Value Premium

We show that labor leverage, proxied by labor share, explains roughly half of the value premium but not future cash flow growth. The other half of the value premium is determined by the component of the book-to-market ratio that is orthogonal to labor share, and this component explains most of future cash flow growth. To explain these findings, we propose a parsimonious labor-based production model for firms. Our results suggest that the defining aspect of a growth firm is not a low book-to-market ratio, but rather a small component of book-to-market ratio that is not explained by labor share.
Role of Hospitals in the Economy of Butler County

The hospital industry is an important part of the history and economy of Butler County in Pennsylvania. The industry creates jobs and compensation for workers throughout this County and influences tax revenues in the County.
Federally Funded Legal Services: A New Vision of Equal Justice Under Law

Legal and historical analysis of federally funded civil legal aid and a vision for the future of the Legal Services Corporation.
Radical prostatectomy reduces prostate cancer-specific mortality among men with intermediate-grade disease, but provides minimal benefit for men with low-grade and high-grade disease

Commentary on: Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Garmo H, et al. Radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. N Eng J Med 2014;370:932–42.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] As a consequence of testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), over 130 000 American men are diagnosed with prostate cancer each year. A significant majority of these men harbour localised disease. The recent update of the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4) by Bill-Axelson and colleagues provides significant new data that carry important practical implications for contemporary practice. The SPCG-4 was initiated in the 1980s to determine the relative efficacy of radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting to improve all-cause survival and prostate cancer-specific survival in men with newly diagnosed, localised disease. Between 1989 and 1999 a total of 695 men were randomised to undergo either a radical prostatectomy (n=347) or watchful waiting (n=348). All men received antiandrogen therapy with the onset of disease progression. Men had to be … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DN%2BEng%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.volume%253D370%26rft.spage%253D932%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa1311593%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F24597866%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa1311593&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=24597866&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F5%2F176.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000332309800010&link_type=ISI
Examining an Online Content General Outcome Measure: Technical Features of the Static Score

The purpose of this study was to evaluate technical adequacy features of an online adaptation of vocabulary matching known as critical content monitoring. Validity and reliability studies were cond...
The relationship between physical aggression, foreign policy and moral choices: Phenotypic and genetic findings

Previous work has demonstrated that both leaders and other individuals vary in dispositional levels of physical aggression, which are genetically influenced. Yet the importance of individual differences in aggression for attitudes toward foreign policy or context-laden moral choices, such as sacrificing the lives of some for the greater good of many, has yet to be fully explored. Given the global importance of such decisions, we undertook this exploration in a sample of 586 Australians, including 250 complete twin pairs. We found that individuals who scored higher on Buss-Perry's physical aggression scale were more likely to support aggressive foreign policy interventions and displayed a more utilitarian moral calculus than those who scored lower on this scale. Furthermore, we found that the majority of variance in physical aggression lay in genetic factors for men, whereas the majority of the variance was in environmental factors for women. The source of covariation between aggression and political choices also differed between the sexes. A combination of genetic and environmental factors accounted for most of the cross-trait correlations among males, whereas common and unique environmental factors accounted for most of the cross-trait correlations among females. We consider the implications of our results for understanding how trait measures of aggression are associated with foreign policy and moral choices, providing evidence for why and how individuals differ in responding to complex social dilemmas. Aggr. Behav. 9999:1-10, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Strategies for Developing Animal Models of Neurotoxicant-Induced Neurodegenerative Disorders

Exposure to neurotoxic substances may play an important role in the etiology of memory impairment associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Because of this, significant effort has been devoted to developing animal models of these neurotoxin-induced disorders. In this chapter we will begin by critically reviewing some of the issues surrounding the development of animal models of neurologic conditions that may produce memory impairment. We will then argue that one important aspect of any strategy for developing neurotoxin-induced models of neurodegenerative disorders is to reduce the uncertainty involved in generalizing from animal models to human conditions. Next we will review some of our own work that has attempted to accomplish this by using a model systems approach to the study of learning and memory. The primary advantage of this approach to neurotoxicology is that it allows for the study of identically learned behaviors in animals and humans within a learning and memory paradigm whose neurobiological basis is well understood. As such, when neurotoxin-induced memory deficits are found in animal models it is possible to: (1) form testable hypotheses regarding the neurobiological basis of these deficits and (2) have a reasonable degree of certainty that similar memory deficits would occur if human exposure produced similar neurodegenerative effects.
Aubrey Thomas de Vere (1814–1902)

De Vere’s legacy to the Victorian Age owes much to his admiration of Wordsworth, who in turn praised generously (and perhaps beyond their merits) the poems that were submitted to him for judgment. Wordsworth, focusing on de Vere’s sonnets, called them ‘the most perfect of the age’. Despite his austere manner and a strong tendency to approve his own work above that of almost any other contemporary, he could make and keep friends – like De Vere – over a long period of time.
Pathways linking health literacy, health beliefs, and cognition to medication adherence in older adults with asthma

Background Limited health literacy is associated with low adherence to asthma controller medications among older adults. Objective We sought to describe the causal pathway linking health literacy to medication adherence by modeling asthma illness and medication beliefs as mediators. Methods We recruited adults aged 60 years and older with asthma from hospital and community practices in New York, New York, and Chicago, Illinois. We measured health literacy and medication adherence using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults and the Medication Adherence Rating Scale, respectively. We used validated instruments to assess asthma illness and medication beliefs. We assessed cognition using a cognitive battery. Using structural equation modeling, we modeled illness and medication beliefs as mediators of the relationship between health literacy and adherence while controlling for cognition. Results Our study included 433 patients with a mean age of 67 ± 6.8 years. The sample had 84% women, 31% non-Hispanic blacks, and 39% Hispanics. The 36% of patients with limited health literacy were more likely to have misconceptions about asthma ( P P β = 0.089; P β = 0.033; P = .002). Neither medication necessity ( β = 0.044; P = .138) nor illness beliefs ( β = 0.007; P = .143) demonstrated a mediational role between health literacy and adherence. Conclusions Interventions designed to improve asthma controller medication adherence in older adults may be enhanced by addressing concerns about medications in addition to using communication strategies appropriate for populations with limited health literacy and cognitive impairments.
Letter from Willey and Biviano Regarding Article, "Ablation Versus Amiodarone for Treatment of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure and an Implanted Device: Results From the AATAC Multicenter Randomized Trial".

We read the results of the AATAC trial (Ablation vs Amiodarone for Treatment of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure and an Implanted ICD/CRTD)1 as a stroke neurologist (Dr Willey) and cardiac electrophysiologist (Dr Biviano) with interest. The primary outcomes concerned improvements in heart failure–related symptoms, …
Plastic Stability of Spherical Shells

Incipient axisymmetric plastic buckling of complete spherical shells subjected to external hydrostatic pressure is studied by the use of rate equations. Buckling is initiated under increasing pressure with the rate of pressure increase determined by forcing the loading criterion of the J 2 incremental theory of plasticity to be satisfied everywhere in the shell. Forcing the loading criterion to be satisfied removes the multiplicative constant indeterminacy in the buckling velocity field. The incipient results suggest that the maximum pressure which would be obtained from stepwise following of the entire load-deformation history is not significantly greater than the tangent modulus pressure required for first bifurcation.
Looks Good To Me: Authentication for Augmented Reality

Augmented reality is poised to become a dominant computing paradigm over the next decade. With promises of three-dimensional graphics and interactive interfaces, augmented reality experiences will rival the very best science fiction novels. This breakthrough also brings in unique challenges on how users can authenticate one another to share rich content between augmented reality headsets. Traditional authentication protocols fall short when there is no common central entity or when access to the central authentication server is not available or desirable. Looks Good To Me (LGTM) is an authentication protocol that leverages the unique hardware and context provided with augmented reality headsets to bring innate human trust mechanisms into the digital world to solve authentication in a usable and secure way. LGTM works over point to point wireless communication so users can authenticate one another in a variety of circumstances and is designed with usability at its core, requiring users to perform only two actions: one to initiate and one to confirm. Users intuitively authenticate one another, using seemingly only each other's faces, but under the hood LGTM uses a combination of facial recognition and wireless localization to bootstrap trust from a wireless signal, to a location, to a face, for secure and usable authentication.
Prevalence and Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence in a Military Urogynecology Clinic.

ABSTRACT Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common, with prevalence in women of 15 to 71% over the lifespan, 4 to 54% currently. Violence is associated with poor health, and may be more common in military populations. A history of abuse is also common in patients with pain, urinary/bowel symptoms, and dyspareunia. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence and predictors of abuse in a military urogynecology clinic. Methods: Patients presenting to a military urogynecology clinic were screened for IPV with the 4-item Hurt-Insult-Threaten-Scream (HITS) screen. Patients' abuse history, reason for visit, and risk factors for IPV were assessed. χ2 and Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical variables. Findings: Out of 142 surveys, only 4 (2.8%) indicated a positive HITS screen (score of 10 or greater on a scale of 4–20), and 39 (27.5%) responded positively to at least one item. These individuals were significantly more likely to have a history of physical abuse or abuse in their families, wi...
A Performance and Energy Comparison of Fault Tolerance Techniques for Exascale Computing Systems

As the computing power of large scale computing systems increases exponentially with time, their failure rates are increasing exponentially as well. While current high performance computing (HPC) systems experience failures of some type every few days, projections indicate that the next generation exascale machines will experience failures up to several times an hour. The resilience techniques implemented in today's HPC and cloud computing systems do not efficiently scale up to the exascale level. Several more scalable resilience techniques have recently been proposed for next generation HPC systems. However, thus far it is not known how these techniques directly compare to one another in terms of performance and energy use. This work explores four resilience techniques, and considers each technique's ability to handle varying levels of system reliability and system sizes. We demonstrate how each technique compares in terms of application performance and energy use and provide recommendations on their suitability at an exascale level.
Youth doing dangerous tasks: Supervision matters.

Background Supervisors are partially responsible for ensuring that teens are safe at work. The purpose of this study was to explore whether supervision is related to teens’ willingness to do a dangerous task at work. Methods A mixed-methods study consisting of focus groups and a cross-sectional survey was conducted with teens from two public high schools. Results If asked by a supervisor, 21% of working teens would do a dangerous task. After controlling for gender and age, teens whose supervisor did not establish weekly goals (AOR = 3.54, 95%CI = 1.55-8.08), teens who perceived their supervisors as not approachable (AOR = 2.35, 95%CI = 1.34-4.13), and teens who were not comfortable talking about safety issues (AOR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.08-3.61) were more likely to do a dangerous task if asked by their supervisors. Conclusion This study indicates that how teens perceive their supervisor may be associated with whether teens do a dangerous task when asked by their supervisor.
A volumetric, dashboard-mounted augmented display

The design of a compact, 3D biocular head-up display is presented. A large eyebox is achieved with a pupil expander. The windshield is the augmented reality combiner. A freeform windshield corrector is used at the dashboard.
Enhanced maximal exercise capacity, vasodilation to electrical muscle contraction, and hind limb vascular density in ASIC1a null mice.

Abstract Acid‐sensing ion channel (ASIC) proteins form extracellular proton‐gated, cation‐selective channels in neurons and vascular smooth muscle cells and are proposed to act as extracellular proton sensors. However, their importance to vascular responses under conditions associated with extracellular acidosis, such as strenuous exercise, is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if one ASIC protein, ASIC1a, contributes to extracellular proton‐gated vascular responses and exercise tolerance. To determine if ASIC1a contributes to exercise tolerance, we determined peak oxygen (O 2 ) uptake in conscious ASIC1a −/− mice during exhaustive treadmill running. Loss of ASIC1a was associated with a greater peak running speed (60 ± 2 vs. 53 ± 3 m·min −1 , P = 0.049) and peak oxygen (O 2 ) uptake during exhaustive treadmill running (9563 ± 120 vs. 8836 ± 276 mL·kg −1 ·h −1 , n = 6–7, P = 0.0082). There were no differences in absolute or relative lean body mass, as determined by EchoMRI. To determine if ASIC1a contributes to vascular responses during muscle contraction, we measured femoral vascular conductance (FVC) during a stepwise electrical stimulation (0.5–5.0 Hz at 3 V for 60 sec) of the left major hind limb muscles. FVC increased to a greater extent in ASIC1a −/− versus ASIC1a +/+ mice (0.44 ± 0.03 vs. 0.30 ± 0.04 mL·min −1 ·100 g hind limb mass −1 · mmHg −1 , n = 5 each, P = 0.0009). Vasodilation following local application of external protons in the spinotrapezius muscle increased the duration, but not the magnitude, of the vasodilatory response in ASIC1a −/− mice. Finally, we examined hind limb vascular density using micro‐CT and found increased density of 0–80 μ m vessels ( P 0.05). Our findings suggest an increased vascular density and an enhanced vasodilatory response to local protons, to a lesser degree, may contribute to the enhanced vascular conductance and increased peak exercise capacity in ASIC1a −/− mice.
Teaching Agape to Law Students

Scripture speaks boldly about the call of Christians to love. This Christian love is best captured in the principle of agape, the Greek word used by the gospel writers for “love” in Christ’s greatest commandment to “Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength” and “Love your neighbor as yourself.” This biblical call to agape is clear, and in fulfilling our responsibility to agapic love, Christian legal educators should be concerned about the “moral and spiritual good” of their students and should see part of their job as helping their students “grow in virtue.” This instruction first is not simply communicating to students the content of what true agapic love means. Such an understanding is important, particularly how agape contrasts with other forms of love both in New Testament times and how we often view love today. What is more important, however, particularly as we properly construe legal education as a formative process, is that students are transformed such that they more robustly appropriate agape in their lives as law students and ultimately lawyers.
Irregular Breathing Classification from Multiple Patient Datasets

Complicated breathing behaviors including uncertain and irregular patterns can affect the accuracy of predicting respiratory motion for precise radiation dose delivery [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. So far investigations on irregular breathing patterns have been limited to respiratory monitoring of only extreme inspiration and expiration [7]. Using breathing traces acquired on a Cyberknife treatment facility, we retrospectively categorized breathing data into several classes based on the extracted feature metrics derived from breathing data of multiple patients. The novelty of this study is that the classifier using neural networks can provide clinical merit for the statistically quantitative modeling of irregular breathing motion based on a regular ratio representing how many regular/irregular patterns exist within an observation period. We propose a new approach to detect irregular breathing patterns using neural networks, where the reconstruction error can be used to build the distribution model for each breathing class. The sensitivity, specificity and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the proposed irregular breathing pattern detector was analyzed. The experimental results of 448 patients’ breathing patterns validated the proposed irregular breathing classifier.
Grain size dependence of fatigue properties of friction stir processed ultrafine-grained Al-5024 alloy

Abstract The main objective of the present study was to examine the effect of grain size on the fatigue properties of 5024 Al alloy. Two ultrafine-grained (UFG) and one fine-grain microstructures were produced via friction stir processing (FSP). Fatigue properties were investigated using a fully reversible bending fatigue testing machine. Microstructural evolution during fatigue was analyzed by carrying out interrupted fatigue testing with subsequent orientation imaging microscopy. Emphasis was given to grain size on the evolution of deformed structure, intergranular dislocation density, and overall S-N curve. A comparison with literature demonstrates the importance of the processing route to obtain the UFG microstructure. This difference is highlighted through an analysis of Basquin equation parameters. The results indicate that FSP can be utilized as an effective route to obtain stable UFG microstructure. A fractographic study was done to understand the effect of microstructure on fatigue crack initiation and propagation rates. Crack growth rates in stage-II has been compared for the three different grain sizes.
Methodologic Considerations for the Study of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Sexual Health Outcome Research: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract Introduction Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been a topic of interest in sexual health research for decades, yet literature on the sexual health correlates of CSA has been hindered by methodologic inconsistencies that have resulted in discrepant samples and mixed results. Aim To review the major methodologic inconsistencies in the field, explore the scientific and clinical impact of these inconsistencies, and propose methodologic approaches to increase consistency and generalizability to the general population of women with CSA histories. Method A comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess the methodologic practices used in examining CSA and sexual health outcomes. Main Outcome Measures Methodologic decisions of researchers examining sexual health outcomes of CSA. Results There are a number of inconsistencies in the methods used to examine CSA in sexual health research across the domains of CSA operationalization, recruitment language, and measurement approaches to CSA experiences. Conclusion The examination of CSA and sexual health correlates is an important research endeavor that needs rigorous methodologic approaches. We propose recommendations to increase the utility of CSA research in sexual health. We recommend the use of a developmentally informed operationalization of childhood and adolescence, rather than age cutoffs. Researchers are encouraged to use a broad operationalization of sexual abuse such that different abuse characteristics can be measured, reported, and examined in the role of sexual health outcomes. We recommend inclusive recruitment approaches to capture the full range of CSA experiences and transparency in reporting these methods. The field also could benefit from the validation of existing self-report instruments for assessing CSA and detailed reporting of the instruments used in research studies. The use of more consistent research practices could improve the state of knowledge on the relation between CSA and sexual health. Kilimnik CD, Pulverman CS, Meston CM. Methodologic Considerations for the Study of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Sexual Health Outcome Research: A Comprehensive Review. Sex Med Rev 2018;6:176–187.
Feasibility and diagnostic performance of hybrid PET/MRI compared with PET/CT for gynecological malignancies: a prospective pilot study.

The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic performance of FDG-PET/MR imaging compared to PET/CT for staging of patients with a gynecological malignancy. 25 patients with a gynecological malignancy were prospectively enrolled into this pilot study. Patients underwent sequential full-body PET/CT and PET/MR of the abdomen and pelvis after administration of a single dose of F-18 FDG. PET/MRI and PET/CT images were independently reviewed by two expert radiologists. Readers were blinded to the results of the other imaging procedures. Clinical and pathologic information was abstracted from medical charts. 18 patients were included in the final analysis with a median age of 62 years (range 31–88). 61% of patients (11/18) had cervical cancer, while the remaining patients had endometrial cancer. PET/MRI as compared to PET/CT detected all primary tumors, 7/7 patients with regional lymph nodes, and 1/1 patient with an abdominal metastasis. Two patients had additional lymph nodes outside of the abdominopelvic cavity detected on PET/CT that were not seen on PET/MRI, whereas 6 patients had parametrial invasion and one patient had invasion of the bladder seen on PET/MRI not detected on PET/CT. Five cervical cancer patients had discordant clinical vs. radiographic staging based on PET/MRI detection of soft tissue involvement. Management changed for two patients who had clinical stage IB1 and radiographic stage IIB cervical cancer. PET/MRI is feasible and has at least comparable diagnostic ability to PET/CT for identification of primary cervical and endometrial tumors and regional metastases. PET/MRI may be superior to PET/CT for initial radiographic assessment of cervical cancers.
Local Smoothing with a Prescribed Loss for the Schrödinger Equation

In \({\mathbb{R}}^{n}\), the Schrodinger propagator at time t is unitary on H s spaces. However, solutions to the linear Schrodinger equation on \({\mathbb{R}}^{n}\) are smoother on average in time, and locally in space: $$\int\limits_{0}^{T}{\left \|{\left \langle x\right \rangle }^{-1/2-\epsilon }{e}^{it\Delta }{u}_{ 0}\right \|}_{{H}^{1/2}}^{2}dt \leq C\|{u{}_{ 0}\|}_{{L}^{2}}^{2}.$$
HER-2 involvement in osteosarcoma

The major goals of translational research in osteosarcoma entail the identification of prognostic factors and therapeutic targets. Given the relevance of epidermal growth factor receptor pathway to breast cancer and the finding that HER-2 was expressed in a proportion of osteosarcoma, it was reasonable to investigate this pathway further. Investigations of HER-2 in osteosarcoma have led to the publication of numerous conflicting reports with regard to the level and prognostic value of HER-2 expression, which are reviewed and discussed. Numerous lessons provided by this research experience are described. This pathway has also been explored as a therapeutic target with at least one study of trastuzumab for the treatment of osteosarcoma completed. Other studies utilizing alternative approaches to target the HER-2 receptor for the treatment of osteosarcoma have been considered.
The next generation of quality improvement at MSK: Turning chemotherapy process delays into chemo express.

e18230Background: Chemotherapy wait times can dramatically affect patient experience. MSK’s largest outpatient facility has 76 infusion spaces and 250-300 daily visits. A retrospective review of th...
Multiscaling analysis of the mean thermal energy balance equation in fully developed turbulent channel flow

Properly accounting for the intricate Prandtl number dependence in different layers of turbulent channel flows, a multiscaling analysis is developed for the mean thermal energy balance (MHB) equations. A formal analogy is established between the MHB equation and the mean momentum balance equation.
Worker well-being in the United States: Finding variation across job categories

Job categories shape the contexts that contribute to worker well-being, including their health, connectivity, and engagement. Using data from the 2014 Gallup Daily tracking survey, this study documented the distribution of worker well-being across 11 broad job categories among a national sample of employed adults in the United States. Well-being was measured by Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being 5™, a composite measure of five well-being dimensions (purpose, community, physical, financial, and social). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine how well-being varied across job categories and the extent to which household income modified that relationship, controlling for demographic factors. Well-being varied significantly across job categories, even after adjusting for household income and demographic factors. Well-being was higher among business owners, professionals, managers, and farming/fishing workers and lower among clerical/office, service, manufacturing/production, and transportation workers. Purpose well-being (e.g., liking what you do and being motivated to achieve your goals) showed the greatest variability across job categories-there were small differences across income levels for business owners, professionals, managers, and farming/fishing workers, and statistically significant gaps between the high income group and the two lower income groups among clerical/office, service, manufacturing/production, and transportation workers. Physical well-being exhibited the smallest gaps across income groups within job categories. The findings suggest that job category is an important component of worker well-being that extends beyond the financial dimension to purpose well-being. Our results suggest well-being inequity across job categories, and highlight areas for future research, policy and practice, including targeted interventions to promote worker and workplace well-being.
Are Extreme Anatomical Modifications Required for Fish to Move Effectively on Land? Comparative Anatomy of the Posterior Axial Skeleton in the Cyprinodontiformes

Many teleost fishes with no apparent modifications for life on land are able to produce effective terrestrial locomotor behaviors, including a ballistic behavior called the "tail-flip" jump. Cyprinodontiformes (killifishes, Teleostei: Atherinomorpha) that live at the water's edge vary in morphology and inclination to emerge onto land. Do fish with an amphibious predisposition have extensive modification of the propulsive region of the body when compared to fully aquatic relatives? We quantified body shape and anatomy of the caudal peduncle and tail (the propulsive organ on land and in water) in 11 cyprinodontiform species and two outgroup taxa (Atherinomorpha). We hypothesized that amphibious species would have longer, "shallower" bodies (larger body fineness ratios), deeper (proportionally larger) caudal peduncles, and more robust bones in the tail fin (larger ossified area of the hypural/epural bones) to facilitate locomotor movements on land. We found no evidence of convergence in body shape or skeletal anatomy among species known to make voluntary sojourns onto land. In fact, deep-bodied species, shallow-bodied species, and species with intermediate morphologies all are able to emerge from the water and move on land. It is possible that there are as-yet-undocumented subtle soft-tissue (muscle, tendon, and ligament) modifications that enhance terrestrial locomotor performance in species known to spend large periods of time on land. However, it is also possible that extreme anatomical changes are not required for aquatic cyprinodontiform species to produce effective locomotor movements when they emerge out of the water and move across the land. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Estimating the proportion of Medicaid-eligible pregnant women in Louisiana who do not get abortions when Medicaid does not cover abortion

To estimate the proportion of pregnant women in Louisiana who do not obtain abortions because Medicaid does not cover abortion. Two hundred sixty nine women presenting at first prenatal visits in Southern Louisiana, 2015–2017, completed self-administered iPad surveys and structured interviews. Women reporting having considered abortion were asked whether Medicaid not paying for abortion was a reason they had not had an abortion. Using study data and published estimates of births, abortions, and Medicaid-covered births in Louisiana, we projected the proportion of Medicaid births that would instead be abortions if Medicaid covered abortion in Louisiana. 28% considered abortion. Among women with Medicaid, 7.2% [95% CI 4.1–12.3] reported Medicaid not paying as a reason they did not have an abortion. Existing estimates suggest 10% of Louisiana pregnancies end in abortion. If Medicaid covered abortion, this would increase to 14% [95% CI 12, 16]. 29% [95% CI 19, 41] of Medicaid eligible pregnant women who would have an abortion with Medicaid coverage, instead give birth. For a substantial proportion of pregnant women in Louisiana, the lack of Medicaid funding remains an insurmountable barrier to obtaining an abortion. Forty years after the Hyde Amendment was passed, lack of Medicaid funding for abortion continues to have substantial impacts on women’s ability to obtain abortions.
Do patients with thin melanomas benefit from sentinel lymph node biopsy with selective lymph node dissection

e19061 Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for thin melanoma remains controversial. While most patients diagnosed with thin melanoma have an excellent prognosis, ~5% will die of their dise...
Cognitive impairment and depression symptoms are independently associated with suicidal ideation in US Veterans.

Abstract Depression is associated with cognitive impairment and suicidality. The independent association between cognitive impairment and suicidality is less clear. We examined the relationship between suicidal ideation and cognitive impairment in a sample of 50 veterans with depressive disorder diagnoses. Using zero-inflated Poisson regression, the severity of suicidal ideation was negatively associated with attention (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.78, p
Contingent Negative Variation Blunting and Psychomotor Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review

The contingent negative variation (CNV) is an event-related potential that provides a neural index of psychomotor processes (eg, attention and motor planning) well known to be dysfunctional in schizophrenia. Although evidence suggests that CNV amplitude is blunted in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) compared to healthy controls (HCs), there is currently no meta-analytic evidence for the size of the effect. Further, it is unknown how CNV blunting compares to closely related measures of psychomotor dysfunction, such as reaction time slowing. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled effect size (ES) across 30 studies investigating CNV amplitude differences between patients and HCs (NSZ = 685, NHC = 714). Effect sizes for reaction time slowing across the studies were also quantified. Potential moderators, including sample characteristics and aspects of the CNV measurement, were examined. There was robust blunting of CNV activity in patients compared to HCs (ES = -0.79). The magnitude of this effect did not differ from reaction time slowing. Notably, CNV blunting in patients was significantly greater at central sites (ES = -0.87) compared to frontal sites (ES = -0.48). No other assessed methodological characteristics significantly moderated the magnitude of CNV differences. There is a large effect for CNV blunting in SZ that appears robust to potential confounds or methodological moderators. In addition, reduced CNV activity was statistically comparable to that of reaction time slowing. Blunting was the largest at central electrodes, which has been implicated in motor preparation. These findings speak to the complexity of psychomotor dysfunction in SZ and suggest significant promise for a biomarker.
The Delaware Pain Database: a set of painful expressions and corresponding norming data.

Introduction Facial expressions of pain serve an essential social function by communicating suffering and soliciting aid. Accurate visual perception of painful expressions is critical because the misperception of pain signals can have serious clinical and social consequences. Therefore, it is essential that researchers have access to high-quality, diverse databases of painful expressions to better understand accuracy and bias in pain perception. Objectives This article describes the development of a large-scale face stimulus database focusing on expressions of pain. Methods We collected and normed a database of images of models posing painful facial expressions. We also characterized these stimuli in terms of the presence of a series of pain-relevant facial action units. In addition to our primary database of posed expressions, we provide a separate database of computer-rendered expressions of pain that may be applied to any neutral face photograph. Results The resulting database comprises 229 unique (and now publicly available) painful expressions. To the best of our knowledge, there are no existing databases of this size, quality, or diversity in terms of race, gender, and expression intensity. We provide evidence for the reliability of expressions and evaluations of pain within these stimuli, as well as a full characterization of this set along dimensions relevant to pain such as perceived status, strength, and dominance. Moreover, our second database complements the primary set in terms of experimental control and precision. Conclusion These stimuli will facilitate reproducible research in both experimental and clinical domains into the mechanisms supporting accuracy and bias in pain perception and care.
Hybrid Firmware Analysis for Known Mobile and IoT Security Vulnerabilities

Mobile and IoT operating systems–and their ensuing software updates–are usually distributed as binary files. Given that these binary files are commonly closed source, users or businesses who want to assess the security of the software need to rely on reverse engineering. Further, verifying the correct application of the latest software patches in a given binary is an open problem. The regular application of software patches is a central pillar for improving mobile and IoT device security. This requires developers, integrators, and vendors to propagate patches to all affected devices in a timely and coordinated fashion. In practice, vendors follow different and sometimes improper security update agendas for both mobile and IoT products. Moreover, previous studies revealed the existence of a hidden patch gap: several vendors falsely reported that they patched vulnerabilities. Therefore, techniques to verify whether vulnerabilities have been patched or not in a given binary are essential. Deep learning approaches have shown to be promising for static binary analyses with respect to inferring binary similarity as well as vulnerability detection. However, these approaches fail to capture the dynamic behavior of these systems, and, as a result, they may inundate the analysis with false positives when performing vulnerability discovery in the wild. In particular, they cannot capture the fine-grained characteristics necessary to distinguish whether a vulnerability has been patched or not. In this paper, we present PATCHECKO, a vulnerability and patch presence detection framework for executable binaries. PATCHECKO relies on a hybrid, cross-platform binary code similarity analysis that combines deep learning-based static binary analysis with dynamic binary analysis. PATCHECKO does not require access to the source code of the target binary nor that of vulnerable functions. We evaluate PATCHECKO on the most recent Google Pixel 2 smartphone and the Android Things IoT firmware images, within which 25 known CVE vulnerabilities have been previously reported and patched. Our deep learning model shows a vulnerability detection accuracy of over 93%. We further prune the candidates found by the deep learning stage–which includes false positives–via dynamic binary analysis. Consequently, PATCHECKO successfully identifies the correct matches among the candidate functions in the top 3 ranked outcomes 100% of the time. Furthermore, PATCHECKO's differential engine distinguishes between functions that are still vulnerable and those that are patched with an accuracy of 96%.
Cryptosporidium parvum infection induces autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells.

Autophagy, a process of degradation and recycling of macromolecules and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis, has also been shown to help eliminate invading pathogens. Conversely, various pathogens including parasites have been shown to modulate/exploit host autophagy facilitating their intracellular infectious cycle. In this regard, Cryptosporidium parvum (CP), a protozoan parasite of small intestine is emerging as a major global health challenge. However, the pathophysiology of cryptosporidiosis is mostly unknown. We have recently demonstrated CP-induced epithelial barrier disruption via decreasing the expression of specific tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) proteins such as occludin, claudin-4 and E-cadherin. Therefore, we utilised confluent Caco-2 cell monolayers as in vitro model of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to investigate the potential role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of cryptosporidiosis. Autophagy was assessed by increase in the ratio of LC3II (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3) to LC3I protein and decrease in p62/SQSTM1 protein levels. CP treatment of Caco-2 cells for 24 hr induced autophagy with a maximum effect observed with 0.5 × 106 oocyst/well. CP decreased mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin, a suppressor of autophagy) phosphorylation, suggesting autophagy induction via mTOR inactivation. Measurement of autophagic flux utilizing the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) showed more pronounced increase in LC3II level in cells co-treated with CP + CQ as compared to CP or CQ alone, suggesting that CP-induced increase in LC3II was due to enhanced autophagosome formation rather than impaired lysosomal clearance. CP infection did not alter ATG7, a key autophagy protein. However, the decrease in occludin, claudin-4 and E-cadherin by CP was partially blocked following siRNA silencing of ATG7, suggesting the role of autophagy in CP-induced decrease in these TJ/AJ proteins. Our results provide novel evidence of autophagy induction by CP in host IECs that could alter important host cell processes contributing to the pathophysiology of cryptosporidiosis.