cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel anti-inflammatory signaling role for the deubiquitinase USP20 in vivo (1065.5)

The pro-inflammatory Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) signals via Lys63-linked autoubiquitination of TRAF family E3 ligases, which effect ubiquitin-dependent activation of NFκB. In vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), we found TLR4 activation by LPS induced Lys63 polyubiquitination of the endocytic/signaling adaptor β-arrestin2 (βarr2), which regulates NFκB. In co-IP from intact cells, endogenous ubiquitin-specific protease-20 (USP20) associated with βarr2 and TRAF6. To determine if USP20 regulates these proteins in vivo, we created mice with SMC-specific expression of WT-USP20 or dominant-negative (DN)-USP20. In SMCs from these mice, LPS induced activation of NFκB (assessed by Ser536-phosphorylation of p65) was 4-fold greater in DN-USP20-Tg than in WT-USP20-Tg and non-Tg control SMCs. Furthermore, Lys63 ubiquitination of both βarr2 and TRAF6 was augmented in DN-USP20-Tg SMCs. Congruently, 4 wk after endothelial denudation injury, carotid arteries of SMC-DN-USP20-Tg mice showed 1.8-fold greater NFκB activation...
Morphometry and fabric orientation of trabecular bone in human craniofacial regions (918.17)

Variation in primate craniofacial form has been attributed to orofacial function. Strain gage experiments show that during orofacial function the zygoma is subjected to high strain relative to the browridge. Trabecular bone morphometry and orientation are reflective of function, but trabecular bone in these regions has been unexplored. This study uses µCT to quantify the morphometric properties of trabecular bone, anisotropy, and fabric orientation in the human browridge and zygoma. We hypothesize that zygomatic trabecular bone will have significantly greater bone volume fraction and anisotropy relative to the browridge as an adaption to larger, more unidirectional loads. Primary orientations of trabecular bone will differ by region consistent with their function. No significant differences were found between the browridge and zygoma in BVF (0.38 vs. 0.31), and DA (1.65 vs. 1.85), but SMI was significantly lower in the browridge (0.075; honeycomb-like vs. SMI=1.0752; ideal plate-like, p<0.034). Orientatio...
Proteolysis-independent regulation of PI3K by Cbl-b–mediated ubiquitination in T cells

Cbl-b, a ring-type E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, is implicated in setting the threshold of T lymphocyte activation. The p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) was identified as a substrate for Cbl-b. We have shown that Cbl-b negatively regulated p85 in a proteolysis-independent manner. Cbl-b is involved in the recruitment of p85 to CD28 and T cell antigen receptor ζ through its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The enhanced activation of Cbl-b−/− T cells was suppressed by the inhibition of PI3K. The results suggest a proteolysis-independent function for Cbl-b in the modification of protein recruitment.
Multisensor integration and fusion for intelligent machines and systems

Multisensor integration multisensor fusion object recognition mutlisensor-based mobile robots applications.
Migración de Guanajuato a Alabama. Experiencias escolares de cuatro familias mexicanas

Desde una perspectiva metodologica cualitativa se analizan las experiencias educativas de cuatro familias mexicanas, que forman parte de la migracion a nuevos destinos en Estados Unidos. El estudio gira en torno al papel que juega la ensenanza en la vida de los hijos y de que manera se transforma al cruzar la frontera. Las familias migrantes suelen enfrentar un contexto de discriminacion y hostilidad que afecta el proceso de aprendizaje de los hijos y que suele llevar al abandono de la escuela. Se utiliza el concepto de mejores practicas para senalar como es posible transformar las posturas educativas tradicionales, en oposicion al concepto de pensamiento deficiente, el cual adjudica el “fracaso” del proceso de aprendizaje a los alumnos y sus familias.
A Local-Area GPS Pseudolite-Based Navigation System for Mars Rovers

Tasks envisioned for future generation Mars rovers—sample collection, area survey, resource mining, habitat construction, etc.—will require greatly enhanced navigational capabilities over those possessed by the Mars Sojourner rover. Many of these tasks will involve cooperative efforts by multiple rovers and other agents, adding further requirements both for accuracy and commonality between users. This paper presents a new navigation system called a Self-Calibrating Pseudolite Array (SCPA) that can provide centimeter-level, drift-free localization to multiple rovers within a local area by utilizing GPS-based transceivers deployed in a ground-based array. Such a system of localized beacons can replace or augment a system based on orbiting satellite transmitters, and is capable of fully autonomous operations and calibration. This paper describes the basic principles of navigation using an SCPA, focusing on the critical issue of array self-calibration. The new algorithm presented herein—called Quadratic Iterative Least Squares—achieves successful self-calibration 99.80% of the time even under extremely adverse conditions. The paper concludes with a description of the experimental prototype developed to demonstrate these capabilities and presents successful results from field trials which validate both the navigation and self-calibration functions of the SCPA.
Codifying Consensus and Constructing Boundaries: Setting the Limits of Appellation d'origine contrôlée Protection in Bordeaux, France

Legal geographical indication (GI) regimes are increasingly considered a promising tool to protect cultural heritage from outside appropriation. Yet such regimes have origins in a much more specific context: the structures and practices of wine-making in the elite wine regions of France. This article examines the relationships between different types of communities and structures involved in boundary-making under the prototypical GI system, appellation d'origine controlee (AOC), in its place of origin, Bordeaux. Here, legal boundaries are simultaneously reinforced, created, and defined by the values and priorities of the society that created them. In this article I consider geographical indications in Bordeaux not only as communal rights but as communal emanations, both to highlight the idiosyncrasies of AOC as a legal system and some of the problems and possibilities status suggests for the future of intellectual property rights.
Why mega IS/IT projects fail: Major problems and what we learned from them

With a large scope and high degree of complexity, managing megaprojects is often a challenge to many project managers. Many projects fail miserably. Research has shown that success in managing megaprojects requires a great deal of coordination and collaboration which can be done through established processes, strong teams, and involvement of stakeholders. Even though these processes and approaches are known, effectively implementing them can be difficult. This study investigates the management of selected mega IS/IT projects in the US, UK, and Australia; identifies common problems; and discusses some lessons learned. Since the literature on megaprojects primarily focuses on major public infrastructure projects, the results of this study will provide significant contributions to the literature and implications to practitioners.
The Nixon Administration and the Origins of the Modern Presidency

Applying an APD approach to President Nixon’s presidency, the paper outlines the development of a qualitatively different presidency as part of more immediate efforts to address the challenges of governing under rapid social, economic and political change. Nixon’s efforts to centralize power in the presidency, to institutionalize new instruments for advancing his overarching political aims, and to consolidate a competing and stable national conservative electoral coalition were forged in the unstable context of the late 1960s. These elements formed the skeleton of what has become a modern, “politicized presidency”, originated by President Nixon to advance his capacity to govern an increasingly “unsustainable American state” (Jacobs and King 2009). The politicized presidency that emerged under Nixon was not only focused on developing centralized power within the White House, but was also, and more importantly, focused on developing a capacity to advance the political strategy of the president through a unified media, public relations, policymaking, and electoral/political strategy. The full politicizing of policymaking as part of this ongoing political effort, the heightened sensitivity to the political ramifications of policymaking efforts, and the building of staff capacity in the White House to implement political strategy through communications and ongoing relations with important constituencies, is the heart of the modern, politicized presidency. The paper traces the Nixon administration's reorganization of the White House, resulting in the generation of new institutional capacity and the centralization of that capacity for policymaking and political planning. My analysis focuses on the creation of the Office Management and Budget (OMB) and the Domestic Council; the creation of the Office of Communications; and the origination of the Office of Public Liaison. It also includes an examination of the in-house polling operation, the linking of policymaking to polling and media strategy, and the increased reliance on the White House for generating national political strategy and the mobilization of voting constituencies. Finally, I highlight the emergence of a new, alternative political strategy to the New Deal coalition, spearheaded by the presidency rather than the national political party, and utilizing each of these institutional components. In the conclusion, I discuss how these developments can be understood as part of a broad transformation of the presidency, and the implications for national executive leadership in the 21st century.
MRI characterization of myocardial and microvascular injuries

Background The NIH estimated that 7 million Americans suffer from coronary artery disease and ~500,000 patients die of heart attacks yearly. Jung et al found that the number of microemboli correlates with the size of myocardium at risk in patients with myocardial infarction [1]. Due to the population inhomogeneity it is difficult to grade and compare LV dysfunction in patients with acute microinfarct and large infarct caused by microemboli and LAD artery obstruction. The objectives of this study were to characterize and compare the effects of LAD occlusion/reperfusion and microvascular embolization on LV function using MRI.
The Primacy of Space in Politics: Bargaining Rights, Freedom and Power in an İstanbul Neighborhood.

This article explores and theorizes the ways in which urban space and political contestations are mapped onto each other. The ethnography illustrates the multifaceted transformations in a notoriously secularist neighborhood of Istanbul, Tesvikiye, as it first turns into a high-consumption locality in the post-1980s, then into a high-conflict urban space in the new millennium on the arrival of Muslim high-spenders, particularly headscarved women. Aiming to fill the gap left by the absence of spatial analysis from political science and political sociology, I argue that the urban neighborhood becomes central for political contestation when both government and opposition fail to protect and secure liberties and rights. Now that devout Muslims are integrated into highly contested urban sites and share bourgeois lifestyles, ordinary people act in defense of their 'sphere' of freedom and privacy. This new territoriality is largely symptomatic of increasing fears of losing freedom, privacy and social status. This spatial defensiveness is reinforced by people's decreasing trust in, and increasing demands from, the state for the protection and security of their rights and liberties. My overarching argument is that exclusive attention to the bipolar clash between devout Muslims and secularists under the rubric of 'neighborhood wars' obscures multipolar conflicts around the discontents stemming from authoritarianism and democratization.
Cystathionine synthase deficiency: Heterozygote detection using cultured skin fibroblasta

Summary An assay for cystathionine synthase in cultured fibroblasts, of high sensitivity and not rate-limited for substrate, is described. Enzymatic activity was found to be highest in controls (mean ± SEM = 20.97 ± 1.81 nmole cystathionine/mg protein/hour), intermediate in obligate heterozygotes for synthase deficiency (4.40 ± 0.92), and lowest in patients (0.77 ± 0.42), with no overlap between controls and heterozygotes. One clinically and biochemically atypical patient had a synthase activity at the low end of the heterozygote range. Thus, this method is effective for the detection of heterozygotes for cystathionine synthase deficiency.
The spectrum of Cr I between 179.8 and 200 nm wavelengths, absorption cross sections, and oscillator strengths

The absorption spectrum of furnace-heated Cr vapour at wavelengths below 200 nm was recorded photoelectrically and by photography. By use of the hook method, the column density of neutral Cr atoms in the ground state was determined with the aid of the accurately known oscillator strengths of the resonance lines near 427 nm. The absorption cross section of the autoionized lines that dominate the ionization continuum could thus be obtained on an absolute scale. We also measured the wavelengths of many hitherto unreported lines near the ionization limit and derived a new value for the ionization potential, namely 54575.6 $\pm $ 0.3 cm$^{-1}$. Oscillator strengths for some of these lines are also given.
Effects of aging on mechanical efficiency and muscle activation during level and uphill walking

Abstract Purpose: The metabolic cost of walking is greater in old compared to young adults. This study examines the relation between metabolic cost, muscular efficiency, and leg muscle co-activation during level and uphill walking in young and older adults. Procedures: Metabolic cost and leg muscle activation were measured in young (22.3±3.6years) and older adults (74.5±2.9years) walking on a treadmill at six different slopes (0.0–7.5% grade) and a speed of 1.3ms −1 . Across the range of slopes, ‘delta mechanical efficiency' of the muscular system and antagonist muscle co-activation were quantified. Main findings: Across all slopes, older adults walked with a 13–17% greater metabolic cost, 12% lower efficiency, and 25% more leg muscle co-activation than young adults. Among older adults, co-activation was weakly correlated to metabolic cost ( r =.233) and not correlated to the lower delta efficiency. Conclusion: Lower muscular efficiency and increased leg muscle co-activation contribute to the greater metabolic cost of uphill slope walking among older adults but are unrelated to one another.
Compositional Stresses in Polycrystalline Ceria Films

Nanocrystalline ceria generally has significantly higher defect concentrations and more oxygen nonstoichiometry than coarse grained material that is equilibrated at the same temperature and oxygen partial pressure. The volume changes associated with such high nonstoichiometry can lead to significant stresses in constrained ceria films. This may have significant implications for applications such as solid electrolytes, where stresses can lead to mechanical failures. To systematically study these compositionally induced stresses, ceria films with varying film thickness were grown by MOCVD and in situ stress measurements were made by monitoring changes in the curvature. The results show that nanocrystalline films exhibit significantly higher compositional stresses than coarse grained films. The film thickness also appears to have a measurable effect on the observed compositional stresses.
THE SPINNING HABITS OF NORTH AMERICAN ATTACI

The note in the Canadian Entomologist for April 1903, by the late Prof. A. R. Grote, the one by Mr. J. Wm. Cockle, in the May number for the same year, and the one in the April 1904, number, all relating to this subject, have interested me greatly.Over 25 years ago I observed and recoreded for the first, I believe, the destruction of the pupae of our very common Samia cecropia by the Downy Woodpecker, by puncturing the cocoons and feasting on the juices of the occupant. The habit of the insect in attaching its cocoon firmly to and parallel with the twigs and smaller limbs of trees places them at the mercy of these birds, especially during that part of the year when the trees are devoid of foliage.
Sorption of divalent metals on calcite

The sorption of seven divalent metals (Ba, Sr, Cd, Mn, Zn, Co, and Ni) was measured on calcite over a large initial metal (Me) concentration range (10−8 to 10−4 mol/L) in constant ionic strength (I = 0.1), equilibrium CaCO3(s)-CaCO3(aq) suspensions that varied in pH. At higher initial Me concentrations (10−5 to 1−4 mol/L) geochemical calculations indicated that the equilibrium solutions were saturated with discrete solid phases of the sorbates: CdCO3(s), MnCO3(s), Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2(s), Co(OH)2(s), and Ni(OH)2(s), implying that aqueous concentrations were governed by solubility. However, significant sorption of all the metals except for Ba and Sr was observed at aqueous concentrations below saturation with Me-solid phases. Divalent metal ion sorption was dependent on aqueous Ca concentration, and the following selectivity sequence was observed: Cd > Zn ≥ Mn > Co > Ni > Ba = Sr. The metals varied in their sorption reversibility, which was correlated with the single-ion hydration energies of the metal sorbates. The strongly hydrated metals (Zn, Co, and Ni) were most desorbable. A sorption model that included aqueous speciation and Me2+-Ca2+ exchange on cation-specific surface sites was developed that described most of the data well. The chemical nature of the surface complex used in this model was unspecified and could represent either a hydrated or dehydrated surface complex, or a surface precipitate. A single exchange constant for Cd, Mn, Co, and Ni could describe the sorption of that metal over a wide range in pH, Ca concentration, and surface concentration. Zinc, however, exhibited nonlinear sorption behavior and required exchange constants that varied with surface coverage. Our data suggested that (i) Cd and Mn dehydrate soon after their adsorption to calcite and form a phase that behaves like a surface precipitate, and (ii) Zn, Co, and Ni form surface complexes that remain hydrated until the ions are incorporated into the structure by recrystallization.
Measures of frontal plane stability during treadmill and overground walking

Abstract Given the consequences of falling to the side by older adults, attention has focused on identifying variables associated with changes in lateral stability and fall risk. Step-width (SW) and step-width variability (SWV) have traditionally been associated with such changes. Recently the “margin of stability” (MOS) has been adopted for describing dynamic stability. Although these measures may be influenced by the conditions during which locomotion occurs, only one published within-subject study has compared SW (but not SWV or MOS) during overground and treadmill walking. Therefore, we compared SW, SWV and minimum MOS (MOS min ) in 10 healthy young subjects walking at self-selected speeds, both overground and on a treadmill. We found SW was significantly larger ( p = 0.001), and SWV significantly smaller ( p = 0.001) during treadmill walking, and that these changes were meaningfully correlated between tasks. In contrast, MOS min was insensitive to treadmill versus overground walking. This suggested first, that SW and SWV only partially reflect frontal plane stability, and second, that the goal of the central nervous system may be to maintain a constant MOS min regardless of task.
Exfoliated block copolymer/silicate nanocomposites by one-pot, one-step in-situ living polymerization from silicate-anchored multifunctional initiator

Poly(styrene-b-caprolactone)/silicate nanocomposites were prepared via one-pot, one-step in-situ living polymerization from a silicate-anchored bifunctional initiator. The random dispersion of the silicate layers in the polymer matrix was confirmed by both XRD and STEM. The polymer chains were attached to the surface of the silicate layers at the junction between the two blocks. SEC and NMR confirmed the block structure of the polymer. Through simultaneous incorporation of the initiator and benzyltrimethylammonium salt as a noninitiator into the silicate nanocomposites containing higher molecular weight polymers were obtained. The molecular weights of the polymers and the silicate content of the nanocomposites were also controlled. Characterization by XRD and DSC showed that the poly(caprolactone) segment existed in a crystalline state.
APOPTOSIS-ASSOCIATED SIGNALING PATHWAYS ARE REQUIRED FOR CHEMOTHERAPY-MEDIATED FEMALE GERM CELL DESTRUCTION

Female sterility resulting from oocyte destruction is an unfortunate, and in many cases inevitable, consequence of chemotherapy. We show that unfertilized mouse oocytes exposed to therapeutic levels of the antitumor drug, doxorubicin (DXR), undergo apoptosis; however, fertilized oocytes do not initiate apoptosis, but enter cell-cycle arrest, when treated with DXR. Apoptosis induced by DXR in oocytes is blocked by sphingosine-1-phosphate, an inhibitor of ceramide-promoted cell death. Oocytes from Bax-deficient, but not p53-null, female mice display complete resistance to DXR-induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Pretreatment of oocytes with a specific peptide inhibitor of caspases also abrogates the apoptotic response to DXR. These findings indicate that oocyte destruction caused by chemotherapy can be prevented by manipulation of apoptosis-associated signaling pathways.
Transcutaneous monitoring of steroid-induced osteoporosis with Raman spectroscopy

Although glucocorticoids are among the most frequently prescribed anti-inflammatory agents used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, extended exposure to this steroid hormone is the leading cause of iatrogenic osteoporosis. Recently, Raman spectroscopy has been utilized to exploit biochemical differences between osteoporotic and normal bones in order to predict fracture risk. In this presentation, we report the results of ongoing research in our laboratory towards the clinical translation of this technique. We will discuss strategies for the transcutaneous acquisition of spectra from the tibiae of mice that are of sufficient quality to generate accurate predictions of fracture risk.
Life History and Roost Switching in Six Summer Colonies of Eastern Pipistrelles in Buildings

Summer colonies of the eastern pipistrelle, Pipistrellus subflavus , in six different buildings in Indiana were studied by the owners of the buildings. Colonies generally started forming from 13 to 29 April. Size of the colony increased gradually and reached a maximum of 7 to 29 adults ( X = 15 ± 7 SD, n = 18) from 26 April to 7 June. Births occurred from 30 May to 11 July, but most young were born from 12 June to 1 July. Juveniles apparently became volant ca. 4 weeks of age and foraged with their mothers for ca. 1 week. Adults often abandoned maternity roosts soon after weaning, but young remained longer. There was considerable daily variation in the number of bats in a given colony, and sometimes the entire colony disappeared, even when flightless young were present, suggesting that each colony was using more than one roost.
Stability of free ribosomes, derived ribosomes and polysomes of the sea urchin

Abstract 1. The relative stabilities of free ribosomes and polysomes from various developmental stages of two species of sea urchin were examined on sucrose gradients in a wide range of ionic strengths. With increasing concentrations of KCl there is an increased tendency for free ribosomes to dissociate, and this response to KCl was used to assay any differences in subunit association during development. In moderate and high concentrations of KCl, the free ribosomes from unfertilized eggs dissociate into subunits as readily as free ribosomes from developing embryos. 2. The identical dissociation characteristics of free ribosomes from egg and embryo preparations is also observed during dialysis against Mg 2+ -free buffer, when care is taken in purifying the ribosomes prior to dialysis. Taken together, these results eliminate the possibility, as proposed by others, of a very tight association of ribosomal subunits in the egg which is reduced after fertilization. 3. In contrast to free ribosomes, the ribosomes derived from polysomes through brief nuclease digestion are extremely resistant to dissociation even in high KCl. They can be made susceptible to both moderate and high concentrations of salt by prior treatment with puromycin which causes release of the nascent polypeptides. 4. Both the extraction and integrity of polysomes are impervious to KCl concentrations from 0.05 to 0.6 M when ribonuclease activity in the embryo extract is inhibited. These results are discussed in terms of the methods used in the preparation of sea urchin polysomes and the variations in the sedimentation patterns of polysomes during early embryogenesis.
Distributed file systems: concepts and examples

The purpose of a distributed file system (DFS) is to allow users of physically distributed computers to share data and storage resources by using a common file system. A typical configuration for a DFS is a collection of workstations and mainframes connected by a local area network (LAN). A DFS is implemented as part of the operating system of each of the connected computers. This paper establishes a viewpoint that emphasizes the dispersed structure and decentralization of both data and control in the design of such systems. It defines the concepts of transparency, fault tolerance, and scalability and discusses them in the context of DFSs. The paper claims that the principle of distributed operation is fundamental for a fault tolerant and scalable DFS design. It also presents alternatives for the semantics of sharing and methods for providing access to remote files. A survey of contemporary UNIX-based systems, namely, UNIX United, Locus, Sprite, Sun's Network File System, and ITC's Andrew, illustrates the concepts and demonstrates various implementations and design alternatives. Based on the assessment of these systems, the paper makes the point that a departure from the extending centralized file systems over a communication network is necessary to accomplish sound distributed file system design.
Access to justice for the poor and moderate‐income populations: Issues for California Latinos

This article examines the nature of civil legal needs of low‐income and moderate‐income populations, with particular attention to California Latinos. The article presents the existing mechanisms for providing those legal services, and the various barriers to access for those populations. The article uses the example of current and projected ethnic diversity among those populations in California to examine the unique effects of cultural diversity on legal needs and the provision of legal services.
A novel gallium bisaminothiolate complex as a myocardial perfusion imaging agent

Abstract The development of new myocardial perfusion imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) may improve the resolution and quantitation of changes in regional myocardial perfusion measurement. It is known that a 68 Ge/ 68 Ga generator can provide a convenient source of PET tracers because of the long physical half-life of 68 Ge (271 days). A new ligand, 7,8-dithia-16,24-diaza-trispiro[5.2.5.2.5.3]pentacosa-15,24-diene, which consists of a N 2 S 2 -chelating core incorporated into three cyclohexyl rings, was prepared. To test feasibility and potential utility, the N 2 S 2 ligand was successfully labeled and tested with 67 Ga (half-life=3.26 day; γ =93.3, 184.6 and 300.2 keV), which showed >92% radiochemical purity. The corresponding "cold" Ga complex was synthesized, and its structure containing a pyramidal N 2 S 2 chloride core was elucidated with X-ray crystallography. In vivo biodistribution of this novel 67 Ga complex, evaluated in normal rats, exhibited excellent heart uptake and retention, with 2.1% and 0.9% initial dose/organ at 2 and 60 min, respectively, after an intravenous injection. Autoradiography was performed in normal rats and in rats that had the left anterior descending coronary artery permanently ligated surgically. Autoradiography showed an even uptake of activity in the normal heart, and there was a distinctively lower uptake in the damaged side of the surgically modified heart. In conclusion, the new N 2 S 2 ligand was readily prepared and labeled with radioactive 67 Ga. Biodistribution in rats revealed high initial heart uptake and relatively high retention reflecting regional myocardial perfusion.
Repression-sensitization and self-other discrimination in psychiatric patients.

Summary On the basis of previous research on the Repression-Sensitization Scale, it was hypothesized that sensitizers possess a conceptual process characterized by excessively negative self-other discrimination. One implication of this hypothesis for a patient population is an excessive tendency toward symptom endorsement which could lead to errors of diagnosis and case management. Sensitizing patients endorsed significantly more pathological symptoms (but not general traits) and discriminated themselves from others to a significantly greater degree on negative than positive dimensions, whereas repressers did not. Results were interpreted as providing support for a reconceptualization of the repression-sensitization dimension as a conceptual process rather than a defense mechanism.
Composite Accretion Disk and White Dwarf Model Analyses of the Quiescence of Dwarf Novae: EM Cygni, CZ Orionis, and WW Ceti

We explore the origin of the far-UV (FUV) spectra of three dwarf novae using combined high-gravity photosphere and accretion disk models. We have carried out an IUE archival comparative study of the three U Gem-type dwarf novae EM Cyg, CZ Ori, and WW Cet. For EM Cyg, the FUV spectrum during quiescence is dominated by an accretion disk with = 5 × 10-11 M☉ yr-1 contributing 92% of the FUV light and a white dwarf with upper limit Teff 180 m. The average Teff below the lower boundary of the period gap is Teff = 15,547 K, while the average Teff above the upper boundary of the period gap is Teff = 31,182 K. The Teff of the white dwarfs strengthens the overall conclusion that the white dwarfs in cataclysmic variables above the period gap appear to be a factor of 2 times hotter than the accreting white dwarfs in dwarf novae below the period gap.
Ovarian microcysts in girls with isolated prematurethelarche

We compared the frequency of ovarian microcysts in girls with prematurethelarche (n=27) to that in age-matched control subjects (n=24). There was an increased prevalence of detectable ovarian microcysts in girls with premature thelarche. The presence or absence of cysts did not correlate with'basal gonadotropin or estradiol levels.
Protein Synthesis by Heart Muscle Ribosomes: An Effect of Insulin Independent of Substrate Transport

Ribosomes from heart muscle of diabetic animals perfused for 15 minutes with insulin, but without added substrate, were more active in the catalysis of protein synthesis than were ribosomes from hearts perfused without insulin. This effect of insulin on the efficiency of protein synthesis seems not to result from transport of some critical substrate into muscle, nor is the effect on ribosomes mediated by a product of a tissue other than muscle.
Planetary Science, Astrobiology and the Role of Science and Exploration in Society

The basic research done by members of AGU plays an important role in society However, there is remarkably little discussion among AGU members or the greater scientific community about exactly how we as individual scientists and as a community of academicians and researchers contribute to society as a whole. The role of science in today's society is both complex and poorly defined.This is seen in striking relief, for example, in the Kansas Board of Education's decision to remove evolution from its curriculum requirements, and in many other forums where the debate over creationism versus evolution continues. Certainly there is often a general lack of understanding by the public as to what exactly science is and what separates it from other activities.
Mode and gender effects on survey data quality

Abstract Affordable and user-friendly computer technology has made it possible to administer surveys on computers. However, even though computer administration of surveys is becoming a popular mode of data acquisition, little is known about the effect that this method may have on the quality of data collected. Gender differences are known to exist with regard to cognitive dimensions of computer literacy, but reports of gender effects on various modes of data collection are conflicting. This study examined the effects of mode of acquisition on data quality and the interaction effects of mode and gender. Computer-administered questionnaires and pencil-and-paper questionnaires served as the modes of administration. Omission rates, response distortion, completeness of the answer, and psychometric scale reliability were the measures of data quality. A student sample of 400 respondents was surveyed, and mode of administration did not impact data quality alone or in interaction with gender.
Medication adherence, social support, and event-free survival in patients with heart failure.

Objectives: Medication adherence and perceived social support (PSS) are independent predictors of mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the predictive power of the combination of medication adherence and PSS for hospitalization and death has not been investigated in patients with HF. The purpose of the study was to explore the combined influence of medication adherence and PSS for prediction of cardiac event-free survival in patients with HF. Method: A total of 218 HF patients monitored medication adherence for 1–3 months and completed the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MPSSS) at baseline. Medication adherence was measured using a valid and objective measure, the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). Patients were followed for up to 3.5 years to collect data about cardiac event-free survival (i.e., cardiac emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and death). To test the association of the combination of medication adherence and PSS with outcomes, the interaction term of medication adherence and PSS was first entered in a Cox regression to predict outcomes. Second, patients were grouped using an evidence-based cutpoint of 88% for medication adherence from the MEMS data and a median score 71 of the MPSSS. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare cardiac event-free survival among groups. Result: Medication adherence and PSS were independent predictors of cardiac event-free survival (p .006 and .021, respectively). Patients with medication nonadherence and lower PSS had a 3.5 times higher risk of cardiac events than those who were adherent and had higher PSS. Conclusion: Medication adherence mediated the relationship between PSS and cardiac event-free survival in this sample. Moreover, medication adherence and social support independently, and in combination, predicted cardiac event-free survival in patients with HF. Interventions to improve clinical outcomes should address medication adherence and social support.
Sleep, aging, and lifespan in Drosophila

Epidemiological studies in humans suggest that a decrease in daily sleep duration is associated with reduced lifespan, but this issue remains controversial. Other studies in humans also show that both sleep quantity and sleep quality decrease with age. Drosophila melanogaster is a useful model to study aging and sleep, and inheriting mutations affecting the potassium current Shaker results in flies that sleep less and have a shorter lifespan. However, whether the link between short sleep and reduced longevity exists also in wild-type flies is unknown. Similarly, it is unknown whether such a link depends on sleep amount per se, rather than on other factors such as waking activity. Also, sleep quality has been shown to decrease in old flies, but it remains unclear whether aging-related sleep fragmentation is a generalized phenomenon. We compared 3 short sleeping mutant lines (Hk1, Hk Y and Hk2) carrying a mutation in Hyperkinetic, which codes for the beta subunit of the Shaker channel, to wild-type siblings throughout their entire lifespan (all flies kept at 20°C). Hk1 and Hk Y mutants were short sleeping relative to wild-type controls from day 3 after eclosure, and Hk2 flies became short sleepers about two weeks later. All 3 Hk mutant lines had reduced lifespan relative to wild-type flies. Total sleep time showed a trend to increase in all lines with age, but the effect was most pronounced in Hk1 and Hk Y flies. In both mutant and wild-type lines sleep quality did not decay with age, but the strong preference for sleep at night declined starting in "middle age". Using Cox regression analysis we found that in Hk1 and Hk Y mutants and their control lines there was a negative relationship between total sleep amount during the first 2 and 4 weeks of age and hazard (individual risk of death), while no association was found in Hk2 flies and their wild-type controls. Hk1 and Hk Y mutants and their control lines also showed an association between total daily wake activity over the first 2 and 4 weeks of age and hazard. However, when both sleep duration and wake activity were used in the same regression, the effects of activity were much reduced, while most of the sleep effects remained significant. Finally, Hk1 flies and wild-type siblings were also tested at 25°C, and results were similar to those at 20°C. Namely, Hk1 mutants were short sleeping, hyperactive, and short lived relative to controls, and sleep quality in both groups did not decrease with age. Different Hk mutations affect the sleep phenotype, and do so in an age-dependent manner. In 4 of the 6 lines tested sleep associates significantly with lifespan variation even after any effect of activity is removed, but activity does not associate significantly with lifespan after the effects of sleep are removed. Thus, in addition to environmental factors and genetic background, sleep may also affect longevity. Sleep quality does not necessarily decay as flies age, suggesting that aging-related sleep fragmentation may also depend on many factors, including genetic background and rearing conditions.
Extreme regularity in phonological disorder: A case study

This study examines the phonology of a developmentally disordered Portuguese-speaking child. Her system reveals several regular, phonetically motivated processes which are in conflict with the ambient language. The patterns of regularity relate to aerodynamics of voicing, foot-based depalatalization, and non-lateral liquid deletions on the basis of salient acoustic changes in segment sequences. The viability of these patterns, as well as their clinical implications, are discussed.
Role of PET/CT in congenital histiocytosis

Congenital Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare, but often severe, form of LCH. Although a more benign single-system congenital LCH has been described, most cases present as multisystem disease with poorer prognosis and are often treated with systemic chemotherapy. Imaging plays a central role in diagnosis, initial staging and assessment of treatment response. PET/CT is increasingly utilized for pediatric LCH. We report a unique case with PET/CT used as an imaging tool in staging and evaluating treatment response in congenital multisystem LCH.
The global route to future semiconductor technology

The idea of constructing a technology roadmap for semiconductors was generated in the early 1990s by the need to bring some consistency among programs proposed in the United States in the field of semiconductors by academic institutions, national laboratories, and commercial semiconductor manufacturers (industry). In this paper the author presents an overview of the 2001 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). The 2001 ITRS is the result of more than 800 researchers from the five leading regions in the semiconductor industry. In this document it is reported that the pace of scaling continues on a two-year cycle up to the present 130-nm technology node. It is anticipated that technology node introduction will resume on a three-year cycle with the next (90 nm) technology node, but so it was predicted several times before and then readjusted to a two-year introduction for the next technology node. Also a new chapter looking beyond classical CMOS has been introduced.
The electric strength of air in nonuniform fields at radio frequencies

The purpose of this study is to investigate the electric strength of air in the frequency range of 2.0 to 16.0 megacycles per second, using a central wire and cylinder as electrodes. Work has previously been done with a similar electrode arrangement up to 1.5 megacycles per second.1 A reduction in breakdown voltage up to 6.0 per cent was noted in this instance. The present investigation shows that above 2.0 megacycles per second, the breakdown voltages are an average of 32.0 per cent under the corona starting voltages, at 60 cycles per second.
Pharmaceutical representatives and emergency medicine residents: A national survey

Study objectives: To determine the extent and diversity of involvement of pharmaceutical representatives in emergency medicine residency programs and to assess chief residents' beliefs and attitudes concerning this activity. Design and participants: A multi-item survey with cover letter was mailed to the chief resident at each of the 87 Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education-approved emergency medicine residency programs in the United States at the time of study conception. Measurements and main results: Eighty-three percent (72 of 87) of the questionnaires were returned. Ninety-three percent (66 of 71) of responders reported the involvement of pharmaceutical representatives in their emergency medicine residency. The most frequent activities (90%, 63 of 70) were to distribute small gifts (pens, notepads) and to provide meals during department functions such as journal clubs (80%, 56 of 70). Only 32 of 70 responding chief residents (46%) were aware of any established guidelines in their institution or residency program concerning relationships with pharmaceutical representatives, and 14 respondents (20%) believed that accepting gifts from pharmaceutical companies could affect their own prescribing habits. A few stated that pharmaceutical representative-sponsored educational functions were inappropriate. Conclusion: The interaction of pharmaceutical representatives with emergency medicine residents and residencies is widespread. More than 50% of the institutions supporting emergency medicine residency programs have no formal guidelines with regard to the interaction of their residents with pharmaceutical representatives or their guidelines are not known to the person most responsible for approval and arrangement of the pharmaceutical representative interaction—the emergency medicine chief resident. While most chief residents believed that accepting small gifts was reasonable, they also believed that accepting gifts valued at $100 or more and pharmaceutical representative sponsorship of trips was inappropriate.
Alcohol Use and HIV Risk Among Juvenile Drug Court Offenders

Juvenile drug courts (JDCs) largely focus on marijuana and other drug use interventions. Yet, JDC offenders engage in other high-risk behaviors, such as alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors, which can compromise their health, safety, and drug court success. An examination of alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors among 52 male substance-abusing young offenders found that over 50% were using alcohol, 37% reported current marijuana use, and one third of all sexual intercourse episodes were unprotected. After accounting for recent marijuana use, the odds of a juvenile having vaginal or anal sex was 6 times greater if they had recently used alcohol. JDCs might benefit from delivering alcohol and sexual risk reduction interventions to fully address the needs of these young offenders.
Saturated fat supplementation interacts with dietary forage neutral detergent fiber content during the immediate postpartum period in Holstein cows: Energy balance and metabolism

Abstract Forty-eight multiparous cows were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the interaction between a highly saturated free FA supplement (SFFA) and dietary forage NDF (fNDF) content on energy balance and metabolic responses in postpartum cows. Treatment diets were offered from 1 to 29 d postpartum and contained 20 or 26% fNDF and 0 or 2% SFFA (Energy Booster 100; 96.1% FA: 46.2% C18:0, and 37.0% C16:0). Overall, low fNDF versus high fNDF and 2% SFFA versus 0% SFFA increased digestible energy intake (DEI; 67.5 vs. 62.2 Mcal/d and 68.1 vs. 61.6 Mcal/d, respectively). The low fNDF diet with SFFA increased energy balance compared with the other treatments early during the treatment period, but treatment differences diminished over time. Overall, low fNDF versus high fNDF diets and 2% SFFA versus 0% SFFA improved energy balance (−13.0 vs. −16.3 Mcal/d and −12.0 vs. −17.3, respectively) decreasing efficiency of utilization of DEI for milk (milk NE L /DEI; 0.575 vs. 0.634 and 0.565 vs. 0.643). Low fNDF diets increased plasma insulin (308 vs. 137µg/mL) and glucose concentrations (50.5 vs. 45.7mg/dL) and decreased plasma nonesterified FA (606 vs. 917µEq/L) and β-hydroxybutyrate (9.29 vs. 16.5mg/dL) concentrations and liver triglyceride content. Compared with 0% SFFA, 2% SFFA decreased plasma nonesterified FA concentration during the first week postpartum (706 vs. 943µEq/L) and tended to decrease plasma nonesterified FA overall throughout the treatment period, but did not affect liver triglyceride content. During a glucose tolerance test, 2% SFFA increased plasma insulin concentration more in the low fNDF diet (84.5 vs. 44.6µIU/mL) than in the high fNDF diet (40.4 vs. 38.0µIU/mL). After glucose infusion, 2% SFFA increased insulin area under the curve by 64% when included in the low fNDF diet, but only by 5.2% when included in the high fNDF diet. Even though 2% SFFA did not affect weekly plasma insulin concentration, it increased plasma insulin baseline concentration before the tolerance tests. Supplementation of 2% SFFA and low fNDF diets increased DEI and improved energy balance, but decreased apparent efficiency of utilization of DEI for milk production. Fat supplementation affected energy partitioning, increasing energy balance and decreasing body condition score loss, especially in the lower fNDF diet. The decrease in body condition score loss observed was likely related to an increase in plasma insulin concentration. Feeding SFFA in a low fNDF diet during the first 29 d postpartum might have primed the cows to limit fat mobilization at the expense of milk.