cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cystic Breast Masses and the ACRIN 6666 Experience

Masses due to cystic lesions of the breast are extremely common findings on mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Although many of these lesions can be dismissed as benign simple cysts, requiring intervention only for symptomatic relief, complex cystic and solid masses require biopsy. Perhaps, the most challenging are complicated cysts, that is, cysts with internal debris. When the debris is mobile or a fluid-debris level is seen, complicated cysts can be dismissed as benign findings. As an isolated finding, homogeneous complicated cysts can be classified as probably benign, with intervention only considered with interval development or enlargement, abscess is suspected, or if suspicious features develop. When multiple and bilateral complicated and simple cysts are present (ie, at least three, with at least one in each breast), a benign, BI-RADS 2, assessment is usually appropriate. Clustered microcysts are common benign findings in pre- and perimenopausal women, though short-interval surveillance may be appropriate for many such lesions in post-menopausal women, particularly if the lesion is new or rather small or deep (ie, diagnostic uncertainty).
Pacemakers for Digitalis Associated Bradyarrhythmia

Three patients with refractory congestive heart failure are described in whom the use of digitalis was associated with serions bradyarrhythmias. In each, the implantation of a demand transvenous pacemaker permitted safe resumption of the drug with marked clinical improvement.
Four-Element Tube Characteristics as Affecting Efficiency

The variation in the ratio of grid and plate current of three-electrode vacuum tubes aroused considerable curiosity and the tests reported in this paper were undertaken in an endeavor to ascertain the laws of current division. It was found that in a tube having symmetrical electrodes, that is, straight wire filament, concentric cylindrical anode and cylindrical grid, made up of wires parallel to the axis, the ratio of grid and plate current was a function of the tube geometry and quite different from that usually found in commercial design. The ratio of grid to plate current in such a tube exceeds the ratio of projected grid area by only a small amount, easily accounted for by variations in the electric field around the grid wires. The considerable departures from this ratio in commercial tubes appear to be due to a combination of secondary emission from the tube anode and unsymmetrical arrangements of grid wires and supports.
Model checking technologies for Web services

Recent research surrounding Web services has introduced a new software development paradigm, service-oriented architecture (SOA). SOA allows rapid service composition and service dynamic reconfiguration. The efficiency and effectiveness of SOA in software development puts accordingly heavy demands for validation, verification, and evaluation on Web services. In answering various verification demands, novel model checking technologies have been devised for and applied to Web services. This paper surveys existing technologies and discusses the rationale underlying them. Different rationale shape diverse visions toward Web services, which in turn shape correspondingly a variety of modeling, specification, and verification techniques.
Adaptive finite element analysis of unbounded electromagnetic problems

Adaptive finite elements have been used in bounded electromagnetic held problems. Here h-adaptive finite element method is used together with spatial transformation techniques to model open boundary electromagnetic field problems. The spatial transformation method maps the external unbounded domain into a bounded domain, so that it can be refined and adapted in the same way as the interior finite elements.
Adaptive HCI-aware power gating structure

This paper presents the hot-carrier-injection (HCI)-induced delay degradation of the power gating structure as well as the HCI impact on critical issues in the power gating, such as leakage power, wake-up time, and wake-up rush-current. Considering this HCI impact, a novel adaptive HCI-aware power gating structure is proposed to compensate for the performance loss and the increased wake-up time of the power gating structures induced by the HCI effect. The proposed structure consists of variable width footers based on the two-pass power gating and a new HCI monitoring circuit, which is imperative for a good adaptive technique. The simulation results are compared to those of power gating without the adaptive technique and show that both the circuit-delay and wake-up time dependence of the power gating structure on the HCI stress is minimized with only 2% and 3% increase, respectively while keeping small leakage power and rush-current. The proposed technique is evaluated using ISCAS85 benchmark circuits which are designed using 45nm CMOS predictive technology model.
Benzopyrans as selective estrogen receptor beta agonists (SERBAs). Part 4: functionalization of the benzopyran A-ring.

Abstract Benzopyrans are selective estrogen receptor (ER) β agonists (SERBAs), which bind the ER receptor subtypes α and β in opposite orientations. We have used structure based drug design to show that this unique phenomena can be exploited via substitution at the 8-position of the benzopyran A-ring to disrupt binding to ERα, thus improving ERβ subtype selectivity. X-ray cocrystal structures with ERα and ERβ are supportive of this approach to improve selectivity in this structural class.
Multilocus Sequence Typing Lacks the Discriminatory Ability of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Typing Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Nontyphoidal salmonellae are among the leading causes of food-borne disease in the United States. Because of the importance of Salmonella enterica in food-borne disease, numerous typing methodologies have been developed. Among the several molecular typing methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is currently considered the “gold standard” technique in typing Salmonella. The aim of this study was to compare the discriminatory power of PFGE to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) in typing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium clinical isolates. A total of 85 Salmonella Typhimurium clinical isolates from cattle were used in this study. PFGE using XbaI was performed on the 85 isolates by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention method, and data were analyzed using the BioNumerics software package. Fifty PFGE profiles were observed among the isolates, and these grouped into three major clusters. For the MLST analysis, the manB, pduF, glnA, and spaM genes were amplified by PCR from the same 85 isolates. DNA sequencing of these four genes, manB, pduF, glnA, and spaM, showed no genetic diversity among the isolates tested, with a 100% identity in nucleotide sequence. Moreover, the DNA sequences of the aforementioned genes showed 100% identity to the sequence reported in GenBank for the S. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 strain. Therefore, MLST, using these genes, lacks the discriminatory power of PFGE for typing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Effects in extinction, with and without free choice, of degree of experience with stimuli associated with both partial and continuous reinforcement

The effect of two degrees of training of rats to both arms of a T-maze, one associated with partial reinforcement and the other with continuous, were investigated. Animals were permitted free choice of arms in extinction trials, and extra training did not diminish the strong preference for CRF. In a third, no-choice group, animals were extinguished in one arm or the other, but not both: extinction took as long to CRF- as it did to PR-associated stimuli.
Using a Typology of Persons and Environments to Explain Careers: Some Extensions and Clarifications

The purposes of this paper are to show more completely, than before how a theory of careers (Holland, 1973) can be used to explain common career phenomena and concepts, to report some new insights and supportive data, to rectify some theoretical misunderstandings, and to spell out the implications of these ideas for counseling practice and vocational interventions. The theory attempts to provide explanations for some important vocational questions. What personal and environmental characteristics lead to vocational choice, involvement, satisfaction, and career achievement? What-personal and environmental characteristics lead to stability of the kind and level of work a person performs? What personal and environmental characteristics lead to chant of instability of the kind or level of work a person perform Why do some people make choices that are congruent with their-vocational assessments, others do not, and still others are undecided? ,---1.116-st of the problems and questions about careers can be restated in terms of these more fundamental questions. Subsequent sections use these questions to illustrate the use of the theory, to explain common career behaviors, and to reinterpret developmental concepts.
A computer model for unconscious spread of anxiety-linked inhibition in cognitive networks

Unconscious inhibitory processes, triggered by a potential anxiety reaction, are reviewed in the context of an emerging rapprochement between psychodynamic and cognitive approaches in experimental psychology. Conditions underlying spread of inhibitory action to other cognitive networks are first explored in three tachistoscopic experiments utilizing words posthypnotically tied to a potential anxiety, pleasure, or neutral reaction. Response times of subjects, instructed to ignore those words while naming pictures or solving anagrams as quickly as possible, reveal a highly differentiated pattern of circumstances governing likelihood of inhibitory spread from anxiety-linked words to target stimuli. Next a computer model is constructed to simulate cognitive processes from onset of display to eventual response, and the model is then tested for its fit to the empirical data. Finally, an illustrative study shows that a subset of computer-generated predictions for spread of inhibitory action is verifiable experimentally.
Candida Infections of the Genitourinary Tract

Summary: All humans are colonized with Candida species, mostly Candida albicans, yet some develop diseases due to Candida, among which genitourinary manifestations are extremely common. The forms of genitourinary candidiasis are distinct from each other and affect different populations. While vulvovaginal candidiasis affects mostly healthy women, candiduria occurs typically in elderly, hospitalized, or immunocompromised patients and in neonates. Despite its high incidence and clinical relevance, genitourinary candidiasis is understudied, and therefore, important questions about pathogenesis and treatment guidelines remain to be resolved. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about genitourinary candidiasis.
Design and analysis of fixed planar holographic interconnects for optical neural networks.

A neural-network architecture of multifaceted planar interconnection holograms and optoelectronic neurons is analyzed. Various computer-generated hologram techniques are analyzed and tested for their ability to produce an interconnection hologram with high-accuracy interconnects and high diffraction efficiency. A new technique is developed by using the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm, followed by a random-search error minimization that produces the highest interconnect accuracy and the highest diffraction efficiency of the techniques tested. Analysis of the system shows that the hologram has the capacity to connect 5000 neuron outputs to 5000 neuron inputs with bipolar synapses and that the encoded synaptic weights have an accuracy of ~5 bits. A simple feedback system is constructed and demonstrated.
A new 60 GHz open-resonator technique for precision permittivity and loss-tangent measurement

A new open-resonator technique is described for the determination of loss tangent and dielectric permittivity of low-absorbing materials at 60 GHz. Micrometer and the stepping-motor-driven flat mirror in the Fabry-Perot cavity call be scanned at a very small step (to change the cavity length or mirror spacing) to provide a complete interferogram over the entire resonance peak profile. This method is termed here as a new, full cavity-length variation technique. The minimum step size is 20 nm and the variation range of the cavity length is about 25 mm, which can cover eight fundamental resonance modes. With this technique, all resonance curves in the variation range of the cavity can be studied more completely than with any other previous technique. The technique requires only fixed frequency sources, and eliminates the need for a broader band, stable, continually tunable frequency source.
Freeze concentration of dyes

Concentration of water soluble direct, acid, basic, and reactive dyes occurs when dilute solutions are frozen at a temperature below the melting point and above the eutectic point of the solution. When freezing is done in still solution, a concentration of up to 500% is achieved in one step, with the dye solution collecting in an oblately spheroidal liquid pocket surrounded by clear ice containing voids, formed from air pockets, radiating outward. Three repetitive freezing cycles concentrate the dye 13,000%. The higher the water solubility of the dye, the lower the ability to concentrate during freezing. The freezing rate of four acid and direct dyes had no close relationship with the size of the dyes studied. Over a larger molecular weight range, an effect was observed for other kinds of molecules. Freeze concentration of salt solution (MW = 58.5) gives almost a 700% concentration, detergent solution (sodium dodecyl sulfate, MW = 288.4) gives 400%, and bovine serum albumin, a large water soluble macro molecule (MW = 66,200), gives 160%. A theory is presented suggesting that the concentration effect and the formation of the central sphere are consistent with min imizing of the free energy of the overall system. This simple technique may find application in the concentration of heat sensitive, labile dyes for analytical purposes, as well as in the recovery of dyes and other chemicals on a bench scale.
Electrodeposition of Copper from Sulfate Electrolytes: Effects of Thiourea on Resistivity and Electrodeposition Mechanism of Copper

Copper was electrodeposited from sulfate bath onto copper substrate over silicon wafer with titanium adhesive film and the resistivity was measured using a four-point probe method. The measured resistivities increased as thiourea concentration increased from to and as the current density was increased from 1 to 50 mA/cm2. The deposition potentials shifted to more negative values with an increase in thiourea concentration and cathodic overpolarization was observed in presence of thiourea, thereby suggesting chemisorption of thiourea on cathodic sites. Scanning electron micrographs show the presence of sulfur in the deposit when thiourea is present in the solution. The presence of thiourea in the deposit is suggestive of the reaction at electrolyte-electrode interfaces. This reaction can further lead to deleterious formation of copper sulfide in the deposit and a consequent increase in resistivity of electrodeposited copper. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Neutralizing Potential and Self-Reported Digital Piracy: A Multitheoretical Exploration Among College Undergraduates

This study explores retrospective (self-reported) and prospective (willingness to engage) participation in digital piracy via a multitheoretical approach relying on self-control, social learning, microanomie, and techniques of neutralization. Using more complete measures of digital piracy than in previous studies (illegal music, software, and movie downloading), data were collected from undergraduate students from multiple universities (n = 585). Modest support was found for neutralization theory when controlling for other theoretical variables. Modest support was also established for social learning theory. It is clear that there is an underexplored cross-theoretical dynamic in explaining self-reported piracy and willingness to engage in digital piracy. Suggestions for policy and future research are presented and limitations are accounted for.
A current review of adoption research: exploring individual differences in adjustment

Abstract The psychological risk for adoptees has long been debated. Some purport that every adoptee is ‘at risk’ for psychological difficulties (Kirschner, 1990), while others state that risk is neither high nor widespread (Haugaard, 1998). Regardless, there seems to be a subset of adoptees for whom adjustment may be more problematic (Miller et al., 2000). A better understanding of the differences between those who struggle with adoption-related issues and those that do not may inform current intervention and follow-up practices for adoptive families. Particular areas of within-group variation are the cognitive development of the child as well as his/her understanding and appraisal of adoptive status (adoptive identity). Understanding differences in cognitive development and the formation of ‘adoptive identity’ can assist clinicians and social workers that provide services to adoptive families. Those concepts will be reviewed and their implication for future adoption research will be presented.
White-tailed Deer: Dispersers or Predators of American Ginseng Seeds?

As a result of game management practices and alterations in habitat, white-tailed deer populations (Odocoileus virginianus Z.) have increased to all time highs within the last century. Large herd numbers are having negative impacts at multiple levels in forest ecosystems, although there are many aspects that have not yet been investigated. One of the least understood impacts is the effect of deer browsing on the fate of valuable harvested understory species such as American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.). The objectives of this study were to quantify the natural frequency at which fruit-bearing ginseng plants are browsed by deer, to determine the amount of ginseng seeds consumed by deer and with feeding trials, to determine if white-tailed deer are seed dispersers or seed predators of American ginseng. Our results showed that fruits are frequently browsed in natural populations and that browsed seeds are most likely destroyed during the digestive process. The loss of ginseng seeds to deer browsing can negatively impact the seed bank and ultimately affect long term population growth and viability. Although white-tailed deer and American ginseng are managed species, effective growth of deer populations is adversely affecting ginseng, as well as other valuable forest species.
A Helicobacter hepaticus catalase mutant is hypersensitive to oxidative stress and suffers increased DNA damage.

Catalase (KatA) is known to play an important role in oxidative stress resistance in many bacterial species and a homologue exists in Helicobacter hepaticus, a member of the enterohepatic Helicobacter species. Here, a katA mutant was constructed by insertional mutagenesis and its oxidative stress phenotype was investigated. Catalase activity was readily detected [196 units (mg protein crude cell extract)−1] in the wild-type, whereas the mutant strain was deficient in, but not devoid of, activity. In contrast, Helicobacter pylori katA strains lack detectable catalase activity and wild-type H. pylori generally contains higher specific activity than H. hepaticus. Wild-type H. hepaticus cells tolerated 6 % O2 for growth, whilst the katA mutant could not survive at this oxygen level. Even at the optimal O2 level, the growth of the H. hepaticus katA strain was severely inhibited, which is also in contrast to H. pylori katA strains. Wild-type H. hepaticus cells withstood exposure to 100 mM H2O2 but the katA mutant cells were killed by the same treatment. Wild-type cells suffered no significant DNA damage by H2O2 treatment (100 mM for 6 min), whilst the same treatment resulted in severe DNA fragmentation in the katA mutant. Thus H. hepaticus KatA plays an important role as an antioxidant protein.
Fission Yeast cdc24+ Encodes a Novel Replication Factor Required for Chromosome Integrity

A mutation within the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc24 1 gene was identified previously in a screen for cell division cycle mutants and the cdc24 1 gene was determined to be essential for S phase in this yeast. We have isolated the cdc24 1 gene by complementation of a new temperature-sensitive allele of the gene, cdc24-G1. The DNA sequence predicts the presence of an open reading frame punctuated by six introns which encodes a pioneer protein of 58 kD. A cdc24 null mutant was generated by homologous recombina- tion. Haploid cells lacking cdc24 1 are inviable, indicating that cdc24 1 is an essential gene. The transcript of cdc24 1 is present at constant levels throughout the cell cycle. Cells lacking cdc24 1 function show a checkpoint-dependent arrest with a 2N DNA content, indicating a block late in S phase. Arrest is accompa- nied by a rapid loss of viability and chromosome breakage. An S. pombe homolog of the replicative DNA helicase DNA2 of S. cerevisiae suppresses cdc24. These results suggest that Cdc24p plays a role in the progression of normal DNA replication and is required to maintain genomic integrity.
FR Tandem-Repeat Sequence in Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Host Strains

Abstract The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), consists of two sympatric strains (rice and corn) that are morphologically identical. To facilitate strain identification, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was developed to detect FR, a reportedly strain-specific element found in the nuclear genome in large tandem-repeat clusters. The efficacy and accuracy of the PCR method were tested on inbred laboratory lines of both rice and corn strains. Although it was previously thought that FR sequences were exclusive to the rice strain, we were able to isolate homologous sequences in a subset of the corn strain population. Even in these cases, the PCR method detected strain-specific amplification patterns, indicating that the distinction between rice and corn strains is caused by differences in copy number and organization in the genome rather than simply the presence or absence of FR. A second polymorphism detectable by PCR was also found that distinguishes between rice and corn strai...
Drama and Tears at the Olympics: An Examination of the Role of Ideology in the Media Coverage of the Figure Skating Final at the 2002 Winter Olympic Games

This paper examined the metaphors and language that U.S. media used in their coverage of the 2002 Olympic scandal for the gold medal during the pairs figure skating final. Through a discussion of the historical aspects of the Olympic rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and a qualitative examination of the media coverage of the skating scandal, this paper argued that the ideological confrontation between the East and the West found a clear manifestation in the language in which the scandal was reported in the American media outlets as well as helped to further commercialize and sensationalize the sport of figure skating.
Characterizing non-hydrolyzing Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 2-epimerase using UDP-N-acetylmannosamine (UDP-ManNAc) and derivatives

Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A non-hydrolyzing uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 2-epimerase (NmSacA) catalyzes the interconversion between UDP-GlcNAc and uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetylmannosamine (UDP-ManNAc). It is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the capsular polysaccharide [-6ManNAcα1-phosphate-]n of N. meningitidis serogroup A, one of the six serogroups (A, B, C, W-135, X, and Y) that account for most cases of N. meningitidis-caused bacterial septicemia and meningitis. N. meningitidis serogroup A is responsible for large epidemics in the developing world, especially in Africa. Here we report that UDP-ManNAc could be used as a substrate for C-terminal His6-tagged recombinant NmSacA (NmSacA-His6) in the absence of UDP-GlcNAc. NmSacA-His6 was activated by UDP-GlcNAc and inhibited by 2-acetamidoglucal and UDP. Substrate specificity study showed that NmSacA-His6 could tolerate several chemoenzymatically synthesized UDP-ManNAc derivatives as substrates although its activity was much lower than non-modified UDP-ManNAc. Homology modeling and molecular docking revealed likely structural determinants of NmSacA substrate specificity. This is the first detailed study of N. meningitidis serogroup A UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase.
ANKLE FUSION: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW

The results of ankle fusion were reviewed in 26 patients who underwent 32 arthrodesis procedures. Posttraumatic degenerative arthritis was the most common indication for fusion (54%). Crossed cancellous screws were the primary method employed (43%), with an external fixator being used in 22% of cases. The overall union rate was 81%, with both crossed cancellous screws and external fixation attaining the best results (86%). Nonunion and infection were the most frequent complications. Progression of subtalar arthritis was demonstrated in 29% of patients postoperatively. Seventy-eight percent of patients graded extremity appearance as excellent or good, with the majority being able to return to work.
Sensing and Objective Reference

The question of how it is possible to have knowledge of the external world is a perennially favorite topic of philosophers, and Ducasse was concerned with this question throughout his career. He considers the problem in various early articles (including the crucial one “On the Attributes of Material Things”), in his contribution to the Moore volume in The Library of Living Philosophers (“Moore’s ‘The Refutation of Idealism’ ”), and in correspondence with Moore where they continue their debate about the status of sensations and sense-data. His analysis of this question forms a major part of Nature, Mind, and Death (Chps. 12–16), and important articles in this area are reprinted in his recently published Truth, Knowledge and Causation (Chps. 6, 7, 9, 13).
A simple yet effective decision support policy for mass-casualty triage

Abstract In the aftermath of a mass-casualty incident, effective policies for timely evaluation and prioritization of patients can mean the difference between life and death. While operations research methods have been used to study the patient prioritization problem, prior research has either proposed decision rules that only apply to very simple cases, or proposed formulating and solving a mathematical program in real time, which may be a barrier to implementation in an urgent situation. We connect these two regimes by proposing a general decision support rule that can handle survival probability functions and an arbitrary number of patient classifications. The proposed survival lookahead policy generalizes not only a myopic policy and a cμ type rule, but also the optimal solution to a version of the problem with two priority classes. This policy has other desirable properties, including index policy structure. Using simple heuristic parameterizations, the survival lookahead policy yields an expected number of survivors that is almost as large as published methods that require mathematical programming, while having the advantage of an intuitive structure and requiring minimal computational support.
A cµ Rule for Two-Tiered Parallel Servers

The cµ rule is known to be optimal in many queueing systems with memoryless service and inter-arrival times. We establish a c rule for a parallel flexible server system with two tiers. Multiple job classes arrive and wait in separate queues. The first tier contains classes that can only be served by one server each, and the second tier contains a class that can be served by all servers. The c preferences give priority to the first tier. Sequencing decisions are made to minimize linear holding costs.
Control of Tollmien-Schlichting Waves Using Piezoelectrically Driven Oscillating Surface

The feasibility of using dynamic surface modification (via discrete Piezoelectrically Driven Oscillating Surface, PDOS, actuators) to delay transition from laminar to turbulent flow on a flat plate was explored experimentally using Particle Image Velocimetry. Two circular PDOS actuators were used to excite and control the T-S waves on a flat plate. The actuators were placed at the mid-span of a flat plate at two streamwise locations downstream from the leading edge, where the free-stream velocity was U = 16 m/s. The upstream actuator was used to excite and phase-lock the T-S wave at an excitation frequency of 250 Hz (corresponding to the most amplified wave from stability analysis), and the downstream PDOS was used to mitigate the T-S wave by driving it at an anti-phase with the appropriate amplitude. Timeand phase-averaged flow fields were acquired at two downstream interrogation domains. The data from the first domain (located in between the two PDOS actuators) explored the effect of the excitation amplitude on the magnitude of the excited T-S wave. At the second window, located downstream of both PDOS actuators, activation of both actuators resulted in a significant reduction or augmentation of the T-S wave, depending on the phase shift between the two actuators. 1 Graduate Student, Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, 110 8 th Street, Troy, NY. 2 Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, 110 8 th Street, Troy, NY. 3 Professor and James L. Decker ’45 Endowed Chair of Aerospace Engineering; and Director, Center for Flow Physics and Control, 110 8 th Street, Troy, NY. AIAA Associate Fellow. Corresponding author, email: amitam@rpi.edu Nomenclature b = Flat plate’s width (m) c = Flat plate’s length (m) F = Non-dimensional frequency f = Dimensional frequency (Hz) Reδ* = Reynolds number based on displacement thickness U = Free-stream velocity (m/s) = Time-averaged velocity (m/s) = Phase-averaged velocity (m/s) = T-S wave’s phase velocity (m/s) p/U = Coherent streamwise velocity fluctuations p/U = Coherent wall-normal velocity fluctuations x = Streamwise direction (m) y = Cross-stream direction (m) yPDOS = peak displacement of the PDOS actuator (m) δ * = Displacement thickness ω = Local non-dimensional frequency (used in the stability analysis) PDOS = Piezoelectrically Driven Oscillating Surface PIV = Particle Image Velocimetry T-S = Tollmien-Schlichting
Ferguson and “Rapid-Response” Teaching

Christopher Todd Beer on bringing current events into the classroom without relying on the whims of a news cycle.
Photoluminescence Study of Reproduction of Energy Levels in Cdte Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Evaporation and Epitaxy

A comparison between the electronic energy structure of a target material and epitaxial films obtained from this material by pulsed laser evaporation and epitaxy is presented in the paper. Targets with various impurity concentrations were used in this experiment, and the epitaxial growth took place at various substrate temperatures. Studies of photoluminescence spectra included temperature and power dependencies of spectral features associated with the impurities. Properties of donor-acceptor pair recombination served for the analysis of the differences in the impurity concentration in the layers and the source material.
Reserpine and thyroid function.

SummaryReserpine at the dose levels employed clinically for the treatment of hypertension does not affect thyroid function in man. The effects of large doses in the rat appear to be due to hypotensive effects and interference with the renal excretion of iodide.
Regeneration gas of oxygen-bearing coal mine methane by adsorption and dehydration

To recover methane from oxygen-bearing coal mine methane,deep dehydration step is necessary by using molecular sieve. From the security and economic point of view,the selection of regeneration gas is greatly dependent on the concentration of methane in the coal mine gas and liquefaction distillation process. If the recovery rate of methane in distillation process is greater than 98%,the distillation exhaust can be used as resurgent gas. In contrast,for low methane recovery rate process( less than 27. 5%),the oxygen-bearing coal mine gas can be directly used as resurgent gas,but it should be carried out under normal pressure and strict control of the heating process.
Acceptance Testing and Evaluation of Medical Electron Accelerator in A Hospital of GuangXi Province

[Objective]To understand the whether the technical indicators and protection status of medical electron accelerators meet the requirements of national standards,so as to protect the health of patients,radiation workers and the surrounding publics. [Methods]The detection and evaluation were based on the national standards and requirements of radiation protection. [Results]The deviation of isocenter,the exactness of light field and irradiation field,the repeatability,the linear,the short-term stability,the flatteners,the symmetry,the radiation quality,the stray radiation limits of primary radiation,leak radiation of X-ray primary radiation,the neutron leak radiation of the X-ray maximum primary radiation,the induced radioactivity,the radiation level of accelerator workplace and its surrounding all accorded with the national standards. [Conclusion]The acceptance test of the medical accelerator accords with the national standard.
Where Are the “People”?: The Politics of the Virtual and the Ordinary in Contemporary Brazilian Documentaries

In Cinema 2, Gilles Deleuze writes: “If there were a modern political cinema, it would be on this basis: the people no longer exist, or not yet . . . the people are missing.” Taking this claim as a point of departure, and reflecting on the historic importance of the “people” in Latin American documentary film, this chapter examines recent Brazilian films in which the people indeed appear to have gone missing and are replaced by multiple suggestions of collective solitude. Through the categories of the virtual and the ordinary, Furtado discusses the disappearance of the people vis-a-vis a political horizon, while hinting that documentary seeks alternative ways of mitigating solitude and reconstituting community.
Minor papilla endotherapy in patients with ventral duct obstruction: identification and management.

Background and Aims Pancreatic duct (PD) cannulation via the major papilla may be compromised by downstream obstruction of the ventral PD from a stone or stricture. In patients with a patent accessory PD, cannulation of the minor papilla permits stenting or stone removal upstream of the ventral PD obstruction. Data on this technique are limited. Methods University of Colorado Hospital and Maine Medical Center endoscopy databases were queried for ERCPs with minor papilla cannulation. Technical success was defined as deep cannulation of the minor papilla. Minor papilla endotherapy included sphincterotomy, stricture dilation, stenting, or stone treatment. Clinical improvement was designated as >50% reduction in pain or narcotic analgesia. Follow-up was obtained by chart review and telephone contact. Results Over a 22-year period, 464 patients had minor papilla cannulation. Congenital and incomplete pancreas divisum were excluded, and 64 patients met study criteria. Technical success was achieved in 58 of 64 patients (91%). In patients with stones, 25 of 34 (74%) had clearance using endoscopic techniques. Median follow-up was 15.5 months. Twelve of 28 patients (43%) on chronic narcotic regimens reported a reduction in narcotic use by >50%, and 32 of 44 patients (73%) reached for discussion noted improved abdominal pain by >50%. Thirteen patients required surgery for symptom control. Conclusions In this multicenter experience, 15% of patients undergoing minor papilla cannulation had acquired a ventral PD obstruction. Access via the minor papilla to the upstream main PD for endotherapy and clinical improvement was achieved in most patients. Increased and early recognition of these intensive therapeutic options may enhance treatment options for this complex group of patients.
A phaseless gain and pattern characterization of CP antennas in sub-mm-wave and terahertz bands

In this work, we propose a new method of gain and pattern characterization of circularly polarized (CP) antennas in the sub-mm-wave and terahertz band. Traditional methods can not be scaled in these bands due to waveguide ports and low margin for phase errors. The proposed method employs a phase-less and rotation-less measurement process using standard scattering objects. The method utilizes the double reflection property of dihedral corner reflector and single reflection from metallic-plate to extract the co-pol and cross-pol characteristics of a CP-AUT. We will demonstrate this method for broadside gain and pattern characterization using WR-8 band CP antennas.
Vocal Fold Vibration Following Surgical Intervention in Three Vocal Pathologies: A Preliminary Study

Summary High-speed videoendoscopy captures the cycle-to-cycle vibratory motion of each individual vocal fold in normal and severely disordered phonation. Therefore, it provides a direct method to examine the specific vibratory changes following vocal fold surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine the vocal fold vibratory pattern changes in the surgically treated pathologic vocal fold and the contralateral vocal fold in three vocal pathologies: vocal polyp (n = 3), paresis or paralysis (n = 3), and scar (n = 3). Digital kymography was used to extract high-speed kymographic vocal fold images at the mid-membranous region of the vocal fold. Spectral analysis was subsequently applied to the digital kymography to quantify the cycle-to-cycle movements of each vocal fold, expressed as a spectrum. Surgical modification resulted in significantly improved spectral power of the treated pathologic vocal fold. Furthermore, the contralateral vocal fold also presented with improved spectral power irrespective of vocal pathology. In comparison with normal vocal fold spectrum, postsurgical vocal fold vibrations continued to demonstrate decreased vibratory amplitude in both vocal folds.
Primary and secondary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding

Abstract Cirrhosis is a chronic condition with high-mortality. Portal hypertension (PH) is the initial and main consequence of cirrhosis and is responsible for most of its complications, including esophageal varices. A portal pressure, as determined by the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) >5 mm Hg defines PH. When the HVPG reaches 10 mm Hg or greater, the patient with compensated cirrhosis has developed clinically significant PH and is at a higher risk of developing varices and clinical decompensation. Patients with varices that have not bled are still in the compensated stage but are at a higher risk of decompensation than those without varices. Variceal hemorrhage constitutes a decompensating event, but its mortality differs whether it presents as an isolated complication of cirrhosis (20% 5-year mortality) or whether it presents in association with other complications (more than 80% 5-year mortality). While in the past, emphasis had been placed on managing the direct complications of PH, varices and variceal hemorrhage, it is now clear that these complications cannot be considered in an isolated manner. Rather, they should be considered in the context of advances in the staging of cirrhosis and other complications of cirrhosis that might occur concomitant or subsequent to the development of varices and variceal hemorrhage.
Hepatocyte Death in Liver Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Tumorigenesis

Hepatocyte death is the initial event in almost all types of liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, drug and toxin-induced liver injury, biliary disorders, and autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatocyte death contributes to liver disease initiation and progression through various biologically active mediators, receptors, and intracellular signaling pathways. Hepatocyte death also leads to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately induction of hepatocarcinogenesis; supported by the recent studies using genetically modified animals. Mice with deletion of anti-apoptotic genes, such as NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1), Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), spontaneously develop hepatocyte death that subsequently triggers liver inflammation, fibrosis, and eventually hepatocarcinogenesis. Dead hepatocytes released alarmins, such as high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), mitochondrial DNA, adenosine triphosphates, and adenosine that send out danger signals to hepatocytes, intrahepatic immune cells, and hepatic stellate cells. In contrast, regular programmed cell death also contributes to the suppression of malignant cell transformation and cancer development by eliminating malignant and premalignant cells. This chapter will discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte death and its contribution to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis.
The Nexus Between Kinship and Ritual

Author(s): Wagner, Roy | Abstract: Not only ritual, but also kinship, can be understood as self-generative and in fact mutually self-generative social phenomena. They are in this sense foils for each other’s production of social values, transformations, causes, and effects. Because this model of cultural agency is nonlinear rather than linear, it works on the transformation of social wholes rather than categorical divisions, and thus can be applied to medieval as well as contemporary socio-ritual contingencies.
Bladder filling during radiation therapy for prostate cancer treatment: Assessment via bladder ultrasound scanner.

147Background: Prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiation therapy are instructed to present daily with a full bladder to decrease small bowel and bladder toxicity and to increase reproducibility of treatment. However, older patients may have difficulty presenting with full bladders and variation of bladder volume with treatment is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess bladder filling at the time of radiation treatment (RT) using a bladder ultrasound in patients undergoing treatment for prostate cancer. Methods: Patients with prostate cancer were prospectively enrolled prior to CT simulation from January to August 2017. Bladder volume was recorded during CT simulation and daily immediately prior to RT. Patients were instructed to drink 8-12 ounces of water 30-60 minutes prior to RT. Three bladder volume measurements were recorded daily and averaged at the time of each treatment. Average bladder volume during treatment and the number of treatments with low bladder volumes ( <...
Resetting journalism in the aftermath of Brexit and Trump

This article considers the lifeline of the Anglo-American imaginary in news. It tracks its evolution, consolidation during the Cold War era and centrality in the UK/US coverage of Brexit and Trump in 2016-2017. It argues that not only has the imaginary prevailed but it continues to shape contemporary coverage to the detriment of public understanding of current events.
Laser processing of silicon for photovoltaics and structural phase transformation

Abstract High-power nanosecond-pulse-width laser processing is attracting increasing attention for the manufacturing of low-cost high-performance silicon photovoltaic and microelectronic devices. However, the lack of fundamental understanding of laser induced defect formation and phase transformation hinders the broader application of lasers. To address this, we systematically investigated the laser-induced phase transformation using different laser systems of 532 nm wavelength, 1.3 ns pulse width and 1064 nm wavelength, 50 ns pulse width. In doing this, we carried out cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy line-mapping studies to analyze the local phase information across the laser processed spot. We demonstrate the retention of single-crystalline phase under 1.64 J/cm2 fluence using a 532 nm wavelength laser. This retention of single-crystalline phase is important for ensuring high effective carrier lifetime and hence high photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Moreover, the 1064 nm wavelength laser processed samples under increasing fluences showed a phase evolution from crystalline to amorphous/polycrystalline transformation. After 1064 nm laser processing above 1.47 J/cm2 fluences, microtwins with dislocations were observed, in addition to increasing expansion stress. Additionally, the appearance of extra spots in the (3 1 1) diffraction ring pattern obtained by TEM studies of samples processed at 1.60 J/cm2 fluence using a 1064 nm laser, demonstrates the generation of a high density of dislocations.
Combined chemo/radiotherapy of cancer: present state and prospects for use with high-LET radiotherapy

Abstract Cytotoxic chemotherapy added to low-LET radiotherapy has improved survival and in some cases local control. In some instances the combination has yielded increased normal tissue damage. Similar results can be expected, as confirmed by intestinal crypt cell experiments, with high-LET. Less interaction than with low-LET appears to occur with agents blocking sublethal damage repair or causing synchronization.
Recent Advances of Power Electronics Applications in More Electric Aircrafts

Recent advances in power electronics have significantly promoted the development of more electric aircraft (MEA). This paper presents a review of the power electronic applications in MEA that were presented in the literature in the past decade, ranging from the component level such as power semiconductor devices and solid-state circuit breakers, to various power converter topologies, high-voltage AC (HVAC) and high-voltage DC (HVDC) power system architectures for MEA. Opportunities and challenges of using emerging power semiconductor devices, power converter topologies and various system architectures are discussed.
Inverse Ray Tracing in Anisotropic Elastic Solids

The problem of inverse ray tracing in a homogeneous anisotropic elastic solid is considered, with specific application to crack sizing. The data is assumed to be in the form of travel times of diffracted ultrasonic signals between transducers positioned on an exterior surface of the body. Both pulse-echo and pitch-catch data are considered. First, it is assumed that the wave speeds are unknown and must be obtained as part of the inversion procedure. The specific problem of locating a crack tip in a two-dimensional geometry is investigated. It is found that travel time data on the exterior surface suffices to locate the crack tip only if the material is isotropic. If the material is anisotropic, we must be able to move the source and/or receiver in the direction normal to the surface. The same problem is considered with the source and receiver positioned in a surrounding isotropic material, e.g., a water bath. It is shown that the ray inversion is now possible only if the solid is isotropic, the problem being underdetermined for an anisotropic solid. Numerical results are presented for a synthetic experiment in which a finite crack is present in some anisotropic elastic solids. Next, the problem is considered when the speeds are known a-priori. It is shown that a crack edge can be mapped by a local approximation procedure.
The Use of Applied DC Fields in the Analysis of Interictal Epileptiform Discharges

Earlier experiments have shown changes in evoked cortical responses with dc surface polarization (1–4, 8, 12, 14). The purpose of this paper is: 1) to show the intracortical profile of the dc field that is produced by a series of steady currents applied to a point in the cortex, 2) to show the changes in the epileptiform discharge at various levels in the cortex during deep dc polarization, and 3) to discuss one way in which these changes may be interpreted.
Venus and the Dresden Codex Eclipse Table

En entrant les donnees des sequences du rythme calendaire maya dans un programme informatique et en les comparant aux donnees fournies par l'observatoire de la marine americaine de 1900 a 1992, l'A. a pu reconstituer les sequences d'eclipses lunaires et solaires telles qu'elles sont decrites par les astronomes mayas de la periode classique (250-1 100 de n. e.) dans la table des eclipses du Codex Dresdensis