cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Thematically Integrated Mathematics Instruction on Students of Mexican Descent

Abstract The effects of thematically integrated instruction in mathematics on achievement, attitudes, and motivation in mathematics among middle school students of Mexican descent were investigated. A school-university collaborative effort led to the development and testing of a thematic approach undertaken as a means of contextualizing instruction for students considered to be at risk for school failure. Instruction relied heavily on small, collaborative learning groups and hands-on activities designed to help students make real-world sense of mathematical concepts. As hypothesized, experimental and control students made equivalent gains in computational skills, but experimental students (thematic treatment) surpassed controls in achievement on mathematical concepts and applications. The two programs did not have a differential effect on attitudes toward mathematics or self-perceptions of motivation in mathematics, but motivational variables did predict achievement outcomes for both groups. Issues of “op...
Investigation of a Mental Rotation Task with School-Age Children

Mental rotation skills were investigated with a number of pediatric populations. The measure utilized was developed by Thurstone and involves mental rotation of letters/words, objects, and figures. The first study investigated the construct validity of the mental rotation task. The results indicated that the test assessed a distinct construct, which focused on visual integrative functions. The second study examined differences on the mental rotation test between academically average and academically dysfunctional children. The results yielded significant differences on the overall measure. The third study investigated differences among normal, attention deficit disorder, and neurological dysfunction children. Significant results again were obtained; the normals showed higher performance than the attention deficit and neurological dysfunctional children. The overall results of these investigations support the clinical utility of the mental rotation task. Differential patterns within the measure also were n...
The Effect of Executive and Professional Membership Values on the Timing and Influence of Structural Innovation in Religious Organizations

The impact of the values of the executive officer and of the professional membership on structural rnnovation is examined using a sample of U.S. Catholic diocesan organizations in the process of creating clergy personnel boards. The professionals' tolerance for change had a significant positive impact on the timing of the adoption of the innovation, the executive's tolerance for change had a significant positive impact on the new unit's influence during its first year. This consistent division of influence is seen as a mechanism to minimize conflict between the bureaucratic and professional elements in the organization. The professionals obtain the appearance of change while the executive retains control of the power structure.
Active wavelength control of an external cavity quantum cascade laser

We present an active wavelength control system for grating-based external cavity lasers that increases the accuracy of predicting the lasing wavelength based on the grating equation and significantly improves scan-to-scan wavelength/frequency repeatability. The ultimate 3σ precision of a frequency scan is determined by the scan-to-scan repeatability of 0.042 cm−1. Since this control method can be applied to any external cavity laser with little to no modification, such a precision provides an excellent opportunity for spectroscopic applications that target molecular absorption lines at standard atmospheric conditions.
Self-Affirmation and Mortality Salience: Affirming Values Reduces Worldview Defense and Death-Thought Accessibility

To the extent that cultural worldviews provide meaning in the face of existential concerns, specifically the inevitability of death, affirming a valued aspect of one's worldview should render reminders of death less threatening. The authors report two studies in support of this view. In Study 1, mortality salience led to derogation of a worldview violator unless participants had first affirmed an important value. In Study 2, self-affirmation before a reminder of death was associated with reduced accessibility of death-related thoughts a short while thereafter. The authors propose that actively affirming one's worldview alters reactions to reminders of mortality by reducing the accessibility of death-related thoughts, not by boosting self-esteem. These studies attest to the flexible nature of psychological self-defense and to the central role of cultural worldviews in managing death-related concerns.
Further spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of pyrazolato-bridged dirhodium complexes that undergo a thermochromic isomerization

Abstract Paramagnetic Rh23+complexes of the type [Rh2(μEE′)2(μ-Z)L2](PF6)2 (Z=3-methyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrazolate (mtmpz), 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate, (btmpz); EE′=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm), (diphenylarsino)(diphenylphosphino)methane (dapm); L=t-BuNC, CO) have been generated via electrochemical oxidation of the Rh22+ parent complexes [Rh2(μ-EE′)2(μ-Z) L2]PF6. Except for the diisocyanide complex containing dppm and btmpz, the complexes undergo isomerization which can be monitored by ESR spectroscopy down to −196 °C in CH2Cl2. For a given pyrazolate ligand the dppm complex undergoes isomerization at a lower temperature than the dapm complex, consistent with previous results that indicated that the dppm complex containing the 3,4,5- tribromopyrazolate (345Bpz) ligand did not isomerize down to −196 °C. Here we show that the low isomerization temperature for the complex containing the btmpz and dppm ligands is associated with the electronegativity of the CF3 substituents on the pyrazolate ring. The ESR spectrum of the complex that contains the mtmpz and dppm ligands indicates that both the high-temperature and low-temperature isomers are present at −196 °C, supporting the correlation between low isomerization temperature and electronegativity of the substituents on the pyrazolate ring.
Childhood sexual abuse, social support, and psychological outcomes: A loss framework

Abstract Objective The objectives of the study were: (a) to develop a scale to assess CSA-related loss among a college sample of CSA survivors (CSALM), (b) to examine the measure's convergent validity through associations among depression, alexithymia, coping, and social support, and (c) to test whether social support moderates the relation between multiple experiences of CSA and loss. Method The study involved a survey methodology and included college-age women ( n = 116) reporting CSA experiences. Results Based on the Sexual Victimization Questionnaire (SVQ; [Finkelhor, D. (1979). Sexually victimized children . New York: The Free Press]), 90% of the sample reported CSA before age of 12, 12.3% ( n = 15) reported CSA before age 12 with an adult over 16, and 42.2% ( n = 49) reported CSA after age 12 with an adult. Exploratory Factor Analysis of the CSALM revealed a three-factor solution: (a) Loss of Optimism, (b) Loss of Self, and (c) Loss of Childhood. Convergent validity of several scales was evidenced through associations with depression, alexithymia, coping, and social support. Social support from family and friends was found to moderate the association between CSA experiences and loss dimensions. Conclusions Findings provide preliminary psychometric support for the CSALM, a tool that will be useful in future investigations of loss among college-age CSA survivors. Findings also support using a loss framework to understand the current mental health of these survivors.
Investigating value-based decision bias and mediation: do you do as you think?

Individual perspectives reflect one's innate value structure and have direct bearing on how one examines problems, classifies information, and makes decisions. The results of this study indicate that when an information system forces decision makers to consider the perspectives of others, their own performance deviates from their personal set of values.
Formation of nascent intercalated disks between grafted fetal cardiomyocytes and host myocardium

Fetal cardiomyocytes isolated from transgenic mice carrying a fusion gene of the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain promoter with a beta-galactosidase reporter were examined for their ability to form stable intracardiac grafts. Embryonic day 15 transgenic cardiomyocytes delivered directly into the myocardium of syngeneic hosts formed stable grafts, as identified by nuclear beta-galactosidase activity. Grafted cardiomyocytes were observed as long as 2 months after implantation, the latest date assayed. Intracardiac graft formation did not induce overtly negative effects on the host myocardium and was not associated with chronic immune rejection. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of nascent intercalated disks connecting the engrafted fetal cardiomyocytes and the host myocardium. These results suggest that intracardiac grafting might provide a useful approach for myocardial repair, provided that the grafted cells can contribute to myocardial function.
Endoscopic management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas

The origin of juvenile angiofibroma is usually around the region of the sphenopalatine artery, and the surgical management of large tumors can be challenging. Traditional approaches to advanced tumors involved open transfacial or transcranial microscope-assisted surgery. Advances in image guidance and endonasal endoscopic techniques have made endonasal endoscopic approaches to the pterygopalatine and infratemporal possible. Endoscopes allow for greater magnification and visualization of complex anatomy, and endoscopic approaches allow the surgeon to avoid manipulation of the osseous midfacial structures that may result in craniofacial abnormalities in this adolescent population.
Organizational climate and the effectiveness of a human relations training program.

Ninety days after a human relations training program, little change in attitudes and behavior of managers was observed. Eighteen months later, significant positive changes in attitudes existed in t...
Adaptive response to sociality and ecology drives the diversification of facial colour patterns in catarrhines

Animal colouration is the product of competing selection pressures. Here the authors analyse the diversity of facial colouration in Old World monkeys and apes, and find that colour patterns are linked to social factors, whereas the different levels of facial pigmentation arise as a result of ecological pressures.
Methodologies for materials contaminated with PCDDs and related compounds

Abstract The objectives of the U.S. EPA Dioxin—Engineering program are: (a) to conduct basic/applied research on the behavior of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in contaminated soils, applying this knowledge to methods useful for the in-situ stabilization of such soils and investigating the viability of special organisms or chemical reagents for the destruction of this artifact and related toxic chemicals; and (b) to develop and evaluate, both in the laboratory and in the field, technologies for the detoxification, destruction, or control of PCDD-contaminated liquids and soils. This program received impetus through the EPA national dioxin strategy. Resource levels for the program amount to $3.3 million for 1984–1986 with an additional $6.4 million from the Superfund to accelerate this program and provide quality assurance/control support to the data gathering and certification efforts. In approximately one and one-half years, significant contributions have been made regarding: • o Sorption/desorption characteristics of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in contaminated soils have been investigated. • o In-situ stabilization techniques for soils are being evaluated. • o Phanerochaete chrysosporium , a white rot fungus, has shown the ability to degrade 2,3,7,8-TCDD in laboratory experiments. • o Shallow mines for contaminated soils have been evaluated and the concept appears technically and environmentally feasible. • o Field testing of the EPA Mobile Incineration System in Missouri is continuing. Destruction and removal efficiencies of >99.9999% have been achieved. • o Alkali polyethylene glycolate reagents are being studied in the field and results are encouraging.
Intraaortic Balloon Pump After Treatment of Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery

The same system of intraaortic balloon pumping has been used in 2 infants after surgical repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery. Intraaortic balloon pumping was started in the first patient on the second postoperative day, whereas in the second patient it was started before the patient was weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. Both patients survived. In the first patient intraaortic balloon pumping improved the low cardiac output, which had failed to respond to maximal inotropic support, whereas in the second it maintained hemodynamic stability.
Measuring and calibrating flow rate of primary air for medium speed mills by numerical simulation

The numerical model is built for the primary air duct of the pulverizing system with medium speed mills, and the inner flow fields are simulated by employing the commercial code of FLUENT. The simulated results show that the lengths of the straight ducts before and behind the measuring element are too short to meet the requirement of the flow rate measurement of the primary air due to the compact design in many domestic power plants. The actual flow at the cross section where the measuring element is installed is irregular and disordered and the air velocity obtained by the single measuring element is not the area-weighted average value. The blowing of cool primary air also aggravates the disorder of the flow fields. It is concluded that the flow rate of the primary air can not be measured precisely. The numerical simulation method could be adopted to measure and calibrate the flow rate of the primary air, which can avoid the limitations of the existing method. This solution could improve the precision and reduce the cost of the measurement, which will be a good alternative for the domestic power plants.
Knowledge-based support for management of concurrent, multidisciplinary design

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications to design have tended to focus on modeling and automating aspects of single discipline design tasks. Relatively little attention has thus far been devoted to representing the kinds of design ‘metaknowledge’ needed to manage the important interface issues that arise in concurrent design, that is, multidisciplinary design decision-making. This paper provides a view of the process and management of concurrent design and evaluates the potential of two AI approaches—blackboard architectures and co-operative distributed problem-solving (CDPS)—to model and support the concurrent design of complex artifacts. A discussion of the process of multidisciplinary design highlights elements of both sequential and concurrent design decision-making. We identify several kinds of design metaknowledge used by expert managers to: partition the design task for efficient execution by specialists; set appropriate levels of design conservatism for key subsystem specifications; evaluate, limit and selectively communicate design changes across discipline boundaries; and control the sequence and timing of the key (highly constrained and constraining) design decisions for a given type of artifact. We explore the extent to which blackboard and CDPS architectures can provide valid models of and potential decision support for concurrent design by (1) representing design management metaknowledge, and (2) using it to enhance both horizontal (interdisciplinary) and vertical (project life cycle) integration among product design, manufacturing and operations specialists.
Self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism: Risk factors within an integrative model for bulimic symptomatology.

Two prominent lines of research have investigated the relationships of several risk factors and bulimic pathology (Stice, 2001; Vohs et al., 2001). This research examined the relationships among multidimensional perfectionism, self–esteem, thin ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptomatology using a model which integrates these two lines of research. Female undergraduate volunteers (N = 277) completed several self–report questionnaires, including a demographic form, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Rosenberg Self–Esteem Scale, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire, Eating Disorder Inventory, and Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses and structural equation modeling revealed no support for the proposed moderational influence of self–esteem on the relationships between dimensions of perfectionism and thin ideal internalization. However, results partially supported the proposed mediational influence of thin–ideal internaliz...
Erythropoietin neuroprotection with traumatic brain injury

Numerous experimental studies in recent years have suggested that erythropoietin (EPO) is an endogenous mediator of neuroprotection in various central nervous system disorders, including TBI. Many characteristics of EPO neuroprotection that have been defined in TBI experimental models suggest that it is an attractive candidate for a new treatment of TBI. EPO targets multiple mechanisms known to cause secondary injury after TBI, including anti-excitotoxic, antioxidant, anti-edematous, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. EPO crosses the blood-brain barrier. EPO has a known dose response and time window for neuroprotection and neurorestoration that would be practical in the clinical setting. However, EPO also stimulates erythropoiesis, which can result in thromboembolic complications. Derivatives of EPO which do not bind to the classical EPO receptor (carbamylated EPO) or that have such a brief half-life in the circulation that they do not stimulate erythropoiesis (asialo EPO and neuro EPO) have the neuroprotective activities of EPO without these potential thromboembolic adverse effects associated with EPO administration. Likewise, a peptide based on the structure of the Helix B segment of the EPO molecule that does not bind to the EPO receptor (pyroglutamate Helix B surface peptide) has promise as another alternative to EPO that may provide neuroprotection without stimulating erythropoiesis.
Reversal of the Vancomycin Inhibition of Peptidoglycan Synthesis by Cell Walls

Addition of cell walls to the peptidoglycan synthetase-acceptor system containing vancomycin (50 mug/ml) prevented the inhibition by the antibiotic. In addition, the inhibition of incorporation of [(14)C]muramyl-pentapeptide into peptidoglycan in the presence of vancomycin was reversed by the addition of cell walls to the assay mixture at 60 min. Cell walls previously saturated with vancomycin lost their ability to reverse the inhibition by the antibiotic. The inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis by ristocetin was partially reversed by the addition of cell walls. The initial stage in peptidoglycan synthesis is catalyzed by phospho-N-acetyl(NAc)muramyl-pentapeptide translocase (uridine 5'-phosphate) according to the reaction: UDP-NAc-muramyl-pentapeptide + acceptor right arrow over left arrow acceptor-phospho-NAc-muramyl-pentapeptide + UMP where acceptor is C(55)-isoprenoid alcohol phosphate. Vancomycin stimulates the transfer of phospho-NAc-muramyl-pentapeptide to the acceptor, and the addition of cell walls to this assay mixture prevented the stimulation of transfer. In addition to the transfer reaction, the enzyme catalyzes the exchange of [(3)H]uridine monophosphate (UMP) with UDP-NAc-muramyl-pentapeptide. The exchange reaction is effectively inhibited by vancomycin. For example, 60 mug of vancomycin per ml inhibited the rate of exchange by 50%. Addition of cell walls restored the exchange of UMP with the UMP moiety of UDP-NAc-muramyl-pentapeptide. Thus, cell walls appeared to have a higher affinity for vancomycin than did either the peptidoglycan synthetase-acceptor system or phospho-NAc-muramyl-pentapeptide translocase. These results provide support for the proposal made by Best and Durham that the effective binding of vancomycin to the cell wall could result in the inhibition of transfer of membrane-associated peptidoglycan chains to the growing wall.
Defining the apoptotic trigger: the interaction of cytochrome c and cardiolipin

The interaction between cytochrome c and the anionic lipid cardiolipin has been proposed as a primary event in the apoptotic signaling cascade. Numerous studies that have examined the interaction of cytochrome c with cardiolipin embedded in a variety of model phospholipid membranes have suggested that partial unfolding of the protein is a precursor to the apoptotic response. However, these studies lacked site resolution and used model systems with negligible or a positive membrane curvature, which is distinct from the large negative curvature of the invaginations of the inner mitochondrial membrane where cytochrome c resides. We have used reverse micelle encapsulation to mimic the potential effects of confinement on the interaction of cytochrome c with cardiolipin. Encapsulation of oxidized horse cytochrome c in 1-decanoyl-rac-glycerol/lauryldimethylamine-N-oxide/hexanol reverse micelles prepared in pentane yields NMR spectra essentially identical to the protein in free aqueous solution. The structure of encapsulated ferricytochrome c was determined to high precision ( bb ∼ 0.23 A) using NMR-based methods and is closely similar to the cryogenic crystal structure ( bb ∼ 1.2 A). Incorporation of cardiolipin into the reverse micelle surfactant shell causes localized chemical shift perturbations of the encapsulated protein, providing the first view of the cardiolipin/cytochrome c interaction interface at atomic resolution. Three distinct sites of interaction are detected: the so-called A- and L-sites, plus a previously undocumented interaction centered on residues Phe-36, Gly-37, Thr-58, Trp-59, and Lys-60. Importantly, in distinct contrast to earlier studies of this interaction, the protein is not significantly disturbed by the binding of cardiolipin in the context of the reverse micelle.
Patterns of Social Interaction and Learning to Write: Some Effects of Network Technologies.

This study examined the effects of computer network technologies on teacher-student and student-student interactions in a writing course emphasizing multiple drafts and collaboration. Two sections ...
Low-power electronics

Plans for a government sponsored research program call for the development of a new electronics technology base for hand-size information systems. This base will enable the design and implementation of semiconductor technologies that consume two orders of magnitude less power than conventional technology would have allowed. The strategy follows two coupled tracks, one developing advanced materials technologies and one developing advanced architectural technologies that are independent of implementation. We describe the preliminary program plans. >
Sublimation rate and the mass-transfer coefficient for snow sublimation

Abstract Sublimation of snow is a fundamental process that affects the crystal structure of snow, and is important for ice core interpretation, remote sensing, snow hydrology and chemical processes in snow. Prior investigations have inferred the sublimation rate from energy, isotopic, or mass-balance calculations using field data. Consequently, these studies were unable to control many of the environmental parameters which determine sublimation rate (e.g. temperature, relative humidity, snow microstructure). We present sublimation rate measurements on snow samples in the laboratory, where we have controlled many of these parameters simultaneously. Results show that the air stream exiting the snow sample is typically saturated under a wide range of sample temperature and air-flow rate, within measurement precision. This result supports theoretical work on single ice grains which found that there is no energy barrier to be overcome during sublimation, and suggests that snow sublimation is limited by vapor diffusion into pore spaces, rather than sublimation at crystal faces. Undersaturation may be possible in large pore spaces (i.e. surface- or depth-hoar layers) with relatively high air-flow rates. We use these data to place bounds on the mass-transfer coefficient for snow as a linear function of Reynolds number, and find that h m = 0.566 Re + 0.075.
Interactive map conversion: combining machine vision and human input

The authors present an interactive map conversion system which combines a human operator's high level reasoning with machine perception under the Human-Machine Perceptual Cooperation (HMPC) paradigm. HMPC defines two channels of interaction: the focus of attention (FOA) by which the user directs the attention of machine perception, and context. As the user moves the FOA across a raster map display via a pointing device, a smart cursor operates proactively on the data highlighting objects for extraction. The FOA permits foveal emphasis, enabling the user to vary motor precision with map clutter. HMPC provides for contexts at four levels of abstraction. This permits the efficiency of the system to degrade gracefully as data quality worsens. They also present a boundary-based line follower which computes line thickness, and an isolated symbol extractor based on feature-vectors. >
Common α2A and α2C adrenergic receptor polymorphisms do not affect plasma membrane trafficking

Various naturally occurring polymorphic forms of human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been identified and linked to diverse pathological diseases, including receptors for vasopressin type 2 (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). In most cases, polymorphic amino acid mutations disrupt protein folding, altering receptor function as well as plasma membrane expression. Other pathological GPCR variants have been found that do not alter receptor function, but instead affect only plasma membrane trafficking (e.g., delta opiate and histamine type 1 receptors). Thus, altered membrane trafficking with retained receptor function may be another mechanism causing polymorphic GPCR dysfunction. Two common human α2A and α2C adrenergic receptor (AR) variants have been identified (α2A N251K and α2C Δ322-325 ARs), but pharmacological analysis of ligand binding and second messenger signaling has not consistently demonstrated altered receptor function. However, possible alterations in plasma membrane trafficking have not been investigated. We utilized a systematic approach previously developed for the study of GPCR trafficking motifs and accessory proteins to assess whether these α2 AR variants affected intracellular trafficking or plasma membrane expression. By combining immunofluorescent microscopy, glycosidic processing analysis, and quantitative fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS), we demonstrate that neither variant receptor had altered intracellular localization, glycosylation, nor plasma membrane expression compared to wild-type α2 ARs. Therefore, pathopharmacological properties of α2A N251K and α2C Δ322-325 ARs do not appear to be due to altered receptor pharmacology or plasma membrane trafficking, but may involve interactions with other intracellular signaling cascades or proteins.
Organizational Commitment over the Gendered Life Course at a Mexican Company

Mexican workplaces have changed significantly in response to the global marketplace by restructuring, downsizing, and implementing new production and administrative processes. This case study analyzes organizational commitment at a Mexican-owned multinational corporation within the context of workplace transformation. Based on in-depth interviews with 83 women and men, I identify two sources of commitment—family-friendly and career-friendly employment practices. Using the framework of the gendered life course, I show commitment fluctuated given the employees' stage in the life course. This study builds on the gender and work research by exploring how individual attributes of gender and parental status contribute to organizational commitment, but are underscored by the complexity of workplace context.
Blind channel identification and equalization with modulation-induced cyclostationarity

Recent results have pointed out the importance of inducing cyclostationarity at the transmitter for blind identification and equalization of communication channels. This paper addresses blind channel identification and equalization relying on the modulation-induced cyclostationarity, without introducing redundancy at the transmitter. It is shown that single-input single-output channels can be identified uniquely from output second-order cyclic statistics, irrespective of the location of channel zeros, color of additive stationary noise, or channel order overestimation errors, provided that the period of modulation-induced cyclostationarity is greater than half the channel length. Linear, closed-form, nonlinear correlation matching, and subspace-based approaches are developed for channel estimation and are tested using simulations. Necessary and sufficient blind channel identifiability conditions are presented. A Wiener cyclic equalizer is also proposed.
A hidden bomb behind hypertension.

A 34-year-old man presented with dizziness and throbbing headache for one day. He also complained of a retro-orbital ‘puffed-up’ feeling. There was a background, one-year history of hypertension, without regular medication, and his systolic blood pressure at home was usually 140–150 mmHg. The
Interactive physically-based cloud simulation

Artificial clouds play an important role in the computer generation of natural outdoor scenes. Realistic modeling and rendering of such scenes is important for applications in games, military training simulations, flight simulations, and even in the creation of digital artistic media. We propose a model for simulating cloud formation based on an efficient computational fluid solver We combine the fluid solver with a model of the natural processes of cloud formation, including buoyancy, relative humidity, and condensation. This allows us to simulate the formation and growth of clouds at interactive rates.
He Looks Normal But … Challenges of Family Caregivers of Veterans Diagnosed with a Traumatic Brain Injury

PURPOSE: To describe the experience of family caregivers providing care to veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN/METHODS: Using a qualitative design, interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of women caregivers. Data were analyzed using content analysis procedures. FINDINGS: Findings resulted in the key concept phrased by participants as "He looks normal but." This phrase conceptualizes the participants' description of their experience caring for a brain injured veteran who could appear normal to others but the caregiver's description revealed substantial cognitive, social, and emotional deficits. Concepts include (a) Becoming aware of his disabilities, (b) Observing his troubling symptoms, (c) Dealing with his memory loss, (d) Being fearful of his anger, (e) Sensing his loneliness, (f) Acknowledging the effects on the children, and (g) Managing the best I can. CONCLUSIONS/CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A better understanding of the needs of caregivers of veterans with TBI may allow clinicians to better support caregivers. Language: en
Discrimination and the Implicit Association Test

Prejudice researchers have been criticized for failing to assess behaviors that reflect overtly hostile actions (i.e. racial animus; Arkes & Tetlock, 2004; Mackie & Smith, 1998). Two studies sought to begin to fill this gap in the implicit literature by showing that scores on the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) are linked to harmful intergroup behaviors. In Study 1, the IAT predicted self-reported racial discrimination, including verbal slurs, exclusion, and physical harm. In Study 2, the IAT predicted recommended budget cuts for Jewish, Asian, and Black student organizations (i.e. economic discrimination). In each study, evaluative stereotype (but not attitude) IATs predicted behaviors even after controlling for explicit attitudes. In concert, the findings suggest that implicit stereotypes are more predictive of overtly harmful actions than implicit attitudes in the intergroup relations domain.
The Educational Potential Of Direct-To-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising allow broadcast advertisements with incomplete risk information if the ads refer consumers ...
Cooperative binding of the E2 protein of bovine papillomavirus to adjacent E2-responsive sequences.

Abstract The DNA-binding properties of purified full-length E2 protein from bovine papillomavirus type 1 have been investigated by utilizing a quantitative gel shift analysis. By using a recombinant baculovirus which express the E2 open reading frame from the polyhedrin promoter, the full-length E2 protein was synthesized in insect cells and purified to homogeneity by using an E2 binding site (ACCGN4CGGT)-specific oligonucleotide column. The Kd of E2 binding to a 41-bp oligonucleotide containing a single binding site was found to be 2 x 10(-11) M. When two binding sites were included on an oligonucleotide, cooperative binding to these sites by the E2 protein was observed. A cooperativity parameter of 8.5 was determined for E2 binding to two sites. An 86-amino-acid peptide encompassing the C terminus of the protein retains the ability to bind E2 binding sites with a Kd of 4 x 10(-10) M but exhibits slight cooperativity of binding to two adjacent sites. A major determinant for cooperative binding of the full-length E2 protein is thus encoded by the N-terminal amino acids outside the minimal DNA binding domain.
Rheological Properties of Cement Pastes: A Discussion of Structure Formation and Mechanical Property Development

The objective of this paper is to examine the evolution of rheological properties (e.g. yield stress) and to evaluate the use of these properties as a method to monitor structure formation and mechanical property development (i.e. setting) in cementitious materials. The authors utilize the stress growth technique to assess the development of a solid structure in cement pastes. An increase in the yield strength of the system due to cement hydration is identified to occur near the end of the dormant period as identified by chemical shrinkage. The transition from a fluid to a solid state and the development of elastic properties in the material are both noted to occur prior to the time of initial set as identified by the Vicat needle.
Cyanamide-derived non-precious metal catalyst for oxygen reduction

article i nfo Article history: Cyanamide was used in the preparation series of metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) oxygen reduction catalysts. The best catalyst, treated at 1050 °C, shows good performance versus previously reported non- precious metal catalysts with an OCV ~1.0 V and a current density of 105 mA/cm 2 (iR-corrected) at 0.80 V in H2/O2 fuel cell testing (catalyst loading: 4 mg cm �2 ). Although nitrogen content has been previously correlated positively with ORR activity, no such trend is observed here for any nitrogen type. The combined effects of nitrogen and sulfur incorporation into the carbon may account for the high activity of the 1050 °C catalyst.
On representing second-order uncertainty in multi-state systems via moments of mixtures of Dirichlet distributions†

Second-order probabilities have been proposed as representations of the uncertainty in the parameters of probabilistic models such as Bayesian belief networks. We investigate conditions under which second-order probabilities can be represented in terms of their marginal moments. We show that certain combinations of marginal means and variances do not correspond to any valid second-order joint distribution. By fitting a Dirichlet mixture to marginal mean and variance information, we derive sufficient conditions for a valid second-order joint distribution to exist. †LA-UR-07-1330
Kernel and Information-Theoretic Methods for the Extraction and Predictability of Organized Tropical Convection

In this paper, we investigate both the dominant modes of variability and the large-scale regimes associated with tropical convection that can be recovered from infrared brightness temperature data using data mining and machine learning approaches. A hierarchy of spatiotemporal patterns at different timescales (annual, interannual, intraseasonal, and diurnal) is extracted using a nonlinear dimension reduction method, namely, nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis (NLSA). The method separates very clearly the boreal winter and boreal summer intraseasonal oscillations as distinct families of modes. The predictability of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is then quantified using a cluster-based information-theoretic framework adapted for cyclostationary variables. Data clustering is performed in the space of the NLSA temporal patterns and the results show a strong influence of ENSO in the early MJO season.
Identification of the mitochondrial heme metabolism complex

Heme is an essential cofactor for most organisms and all metazoans. While the individual enzymes involved in synthesis and utilization of heme are fairly well known, less is known about the intracellular trafficking of porphyrins and heme, or regulation of heme biosynthesis via protein complexes. To better understand this process we have undertaken a study of macromolecular assemblies associated with heme synthesis. Herein we have utilized mass spectrometry with coimmunoprecipitation of tagged enzymes of the heme biosynthetic pathway in a developing erythroid cell culture model to identify putative protein partners. The validity of these data obtained in the tagged protein system is confirmed by normal porphyrin/heme production by the engineered cells. Data obtained are consistent with the presence of a mitochondrial heme metabolism complex which minimally consists of ferrochelatase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase and aminolevulinic acid synthase-2. Additional proteins involved in iron and intermediary metabolism as well as mitochondrial transporters were identified as potential partners in this complex. The data are consistent with the known location of protein components and support a model of transient protein-protein interactions within a dynamic protein complex.
Shakespeare on Theatre: A Critical Look at His Theories and Practices

INTRODUCTION: SHAKESPEARE AS A MAN OF THE THEATRE CHAPTER I: SHAKESPEARE ON ACTING CHAPTER II: SHAKESPEARE ON STAGING CHAPTER III: SHAKESPEARE ON HIS AUDIENCE
Five-energy level computer model for fitting Z-scan measurements in disubstituted chalcogenidodiphenylphosphino bithiophenes

We explicitly describe in detail a five-energy level computer model for analysis of ps and ns z-scan measurements of novel chalcogenodiphenylphosphino- and phosphonato-substituted oligothiophenes exhibiting strong nonlinear optical absorption in the violet-blue spectrum.
Muscle activation and movement responses in youth with and without mental retardation.

(2003). Muscle Activation and Movement Responses in Youth with and without Mental Retardation. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 319-323.
The History of Comorbidity in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Despite the importance of the problem, comorbidity has received relatively little specific attention in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research until recent years. This chapter explores historical perspectives on comorbidity in ASD, and considers how changes in diagnostic practices have affected the study of co-occurring conditions over time.
Risk factors for military sexual trauma: Pre-military trauma, psychological adjustment, combat exposure, and alcohol use at the time of the trauma

Risk Factors for Military Sexual Trauma: Pre-military Trauma, Psychological Adjustment, Combat Exposure and Alcohol Use at the Time of the Trauma Brittany Hollis Old Dominion University, 2015 Director: Michelle L. Kelley Military sexual trauma (MST) is a serious and understudied problem in the military. It may be a particularly important problem for women who have experienced pre-military trauma (i.e., childhood physical or sexual abuse). This study examined the role that premilitary trauma plays in the development of poor psychological adjustment (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms) and whether psychological adjustment mediates the relationship between pre-military trauma and MST in a sample of 169 military women recruited from the community. Combat exposure and alcohol use at the time of the trauma by the victim, were examined as potential moderators of the relationship between psychological adjustment and MST. Pre-military trauma was correlated with lower psychological adjustment, but pre-military trauma was not correlated with MST. Additionally, low psychological adjustment did not mediate the relationship between pre-military trauma and MST. Lastly, combat exposure and alcohol use at the time of the trauma did not moderate the relationship between lower psychological adjustment and MST. Although the hypotheses were not confirmed, however, in the present study, 27 percent of women reported MST, therefore, it is vital to study factors that may increase risk of MST, particularly among non-treatment seeking military women.
HIV Infection Status of New Prisoners in A City in 2009

[Objective]To understand the prevalence of HIV and its influencing factors among new prisoners in a city, and provide evidence for developing control strategies and measures.[Methods]Descriptive study method was adopted to conduct seroepidemiological survey on 10 116 new prisoners.[Results]A total of 7 prisoners (0.069%) were detected HIV positive. The main transmission route was sexual contact.[Conclusion]The HIV epidemic is serious among new prisoners in this city. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt health education, behavior intervention and the corresponding control measures.
Recruitment of Leukemia with Combined Granulocyte-Macrophage and Host Stimulatory Factors

Clinical trials in hematopoietic malignancies at the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center are based on host induced biomodulation which determines the intervals of intensive timed chemotherapy. The aim is to define principles for the use of exogenous cytokines combined with those biologic activities in the intact host.
Moisture Determination in Honey with an Eichhorn-Type Hydrometer

SUMMARYAn Eichhorn-type hydrometer has been constructed and subjected to a preliminary evaluation for the determination of moisture in honey. This instrument, in contrast to the conventional type, encloses a fixed volume of honey and is suspended in water. The data obtained indicate that it can be used to determine the moisture content of honey with at least the accuracy of the hand refractometer.
A modeling framework for optimal energy management of a residential building

Abstract Residential buildings are currently equipped with energy production facilities, e.g., solar rooftops and batteries, which in conjunction with smart meters, can function as smart energy hubs coordinating the loads and the resources in an optimal manner. This paper presents a mathematical model for the optimal energy management of a residential building and proposes a centralized energy management system (CEMS) framework for off-grid operation. The model of each component of the hub is integrated within the CEMS. The optimal decisions are determined in real-time by considering these models with realistic parameter settings and customer preferences. Model predictive control (MPC) is used to adapt the optimal decisions on a receding horizon to account for the deviations in the system inputs. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed CEMS framework. Results show that the proposed CEMS can reduce the energy cost and energy consumption of the customers by approximately 17% and 8%, respectively, over a day. Using the proposed CEMS, the total charging cycles of the ESS were reduced by more than 50% in a day.
Anti-Tumor Activity of a Novel Immunosuppressant FTY720 in Multiple Myeloma.

Abstract Sphingosine and its metabolites are bioactive sphingolipids involved in lipid biosynthesis, signal transduction and apoptosis. FTY720, a synthetic sphingosine analogue of myriocine derived from culture filtrates of Isaria sinclairii, has been reported to interact with the sphingosine-1-phosphate specific G protein-linked receptors (S1P1, 3, 4 and 5) (Mandala S et al. Science, 2002) and alter the migration and homing of lymphocytes, thereby inhibiting the immune response (Matloubian M et al. Nature, 2004). Recent studies have also shown that FTY720 induces growth inhibition and/or apoptosis in human cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo murine model (Azuma H et al. Cancer Research, 2002). To date, however, the biologic sequelae of inhibiting sphingosine-1-phosphate activity on multiple myeloma (MM) cells have not been demonstrated. In the present study, we examined whether FTY720 triggers anti MM activity. FTY720 induced potent cytotoxicity against MM cell lines including MM.1S, U266, RPMI8226, with IC50 at 24 h of 3.0 – 7.0 mM, assessed by trypan-blue exclusion and MTT assays. FTY720 also inhibited growth of doxorubicin (Dox)-resistant RPMI8226-Dox40 and dexamethasone (Dex)-resistant MM.1R cell lines, with IC50 values similar to the parental drug-sensitive cell lines. In contrast, no cytotoxicity of FTY720 was recognized against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal healthy donors. The combination of Dex with FTY720 demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity compared to either agent alone. Importantly, neither interleukin-6 (IL-6) nor insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I), which induces MM cell growth and protection against Dex-induced apoptosis, protected against FTY720-induced growth inhibition. The anti-MM mechanisms of action of FTY720 were next studied, and FTY720 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in MM cell lines: FTY720 triggers caspase−8, −9 and −3 cleavage, followed by PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation, as confirmed by Western blotting and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. Moreover, FTY720 abrogated both IL-6 mediated phosphorylation of Akt-1, STAT3 and p42/44MAPK, and IGF-I mediated Akt-1 phosphorylation. Importantly, paracrine MM cell growth with bone marrow stromal cells was strongly inhibited by FTY720. These results suggest that FTY720 overcomes drug resistance in MM cells and, providing the rationale for its clinical evaluation to improve patient outcome in MM.