cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utility of Immunohistochemistry in Distinguishing Primary Adenocarcinomas From Metastatic Breast Carcinomas in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Abstract Context.—Breast carcinoma often metastasizes to the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, where it is frequently difficult to distinguish from a primary gastric carcinoma. Objective.—To evaluate the utility of immunohistochemical stains in differentiating primary gastric carcinomas from metastatic breast carcinomas. Design.—Mucosal biopsy specimens from 47 adenocarcinomas involving the gastrointestinal tract (28 primary gastric carcinomas and 19 metastatic breast carcinomas) and 16 control cases of primary breast carcinomas without metastasis were immunohistochemically stained for estrogen receptor protein (ER), progesterone receptor protein (PR), gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CK/7, CK/20, a panel of mucin glycoprotein antigens (MUC2, MUC3, MUC5AC, and MUC6), monoclonal antibody DAS-1, and caudal-type homeobox transcription factor CDX2 and compared between primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas. Result...
Incorporating updates in domain indexes: experiences with Oracle spatial R-trees

Much research has been devoted to scalable storage and retrieval techniques for domain databases such as spatial, text, XML and gene sequence data. Many efficient indexing techniques have been developed in this context. Given the improvement in the underlying technology, database applications are increasingly using domain data in transactional semantics. We examine the issue of when during the lifetime of a transaction is it better to incorporate updates in domain indexes. We present our experiences with R-tree indexes in Oracle. We examine two approaches for incorporating updates in spatial R-tree indexes: the first at update time, and the second at commit time. The first approach immediately incorporates changes in the index right away using system transactions and at commit time makes them visible to other transactions. The second approach, referred to as the deferred-incorporate approach, defers the updates in a secondary table and incorporates the changes in the index only at commit time. In experiments on real data sets, we compare the performance of the two approaches. For most transactions with reasonable number of update operations, we observe that the deferred approach outperforms the immediate-incorporate approach significantly for update operations and with appropriate optimizations achieves comparable query performance.
Poliovirus infection blocks ERGIC-to-Golgi trafficking and induces microtubule-dependent disruption of the Golgi complex

Cells infected with poliovirus exhibit a rapid inhibition of protein secretion and disruption of the Golgi complex. Neither the precise step at which the virus inhibits protein secretion nor the fate of the Golgi complex during infection has been determined. We find that transport-vesicle exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trafficking to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) are unaffected in the poliovirus-infected cell. By contrast, poliovirus infection blocks transport from the ERGIC to the Golgi complex. Poliovirus infection also induces fragmentation of the Golgi complex resulting in diffuse distribution of both large and small vesicles throughout the cell. Pre-treatment with nocodazole prevents complete fragmentation, indicating that microtubules are required for poliovirus-induced Golgi dispersion. However, virally induced inhibition of the secretory pathway is not affected by nocodazole, and Golgi dispersion was found to occur during infection with mutant viruses with reduce ability to inhibit protein secretion. We conclude that the dispersion of the Golgi complex is not in itself the cause of inhibition of traffic between the ERGIC and the Golgi. Instead, these phenomena are independent effects of poliovirus infection on the host secretory complex.
The Relationship between Storm Motion, Vertical Wind Shear, and Convective Asymmetries in Tropical Cyclones

Abstract The influence of the direction of storm motion on the azimuthal distribution of electrified convection in 35 Atlantic basin tropical cyclones from 1985 to 1999 was examined using data from the National Lightning Detection Network. In the inner 100 km, flashes most often occurred in the front half of storms, with a preference for the right-front quadrant. In the outer rainbands (r = 100–300 km), flashes occurred predominantly to the right of motion, although the maximum remained in the right-front quadrant. The results are shown to be consistent with previous studies of asymmetries in rainfall, radar reflectivity, and vertical motion with respect to tropical cyclone motion. The motion effect has been attributed to the influence of asymmetric friction in the tropical cyclone boundary layer. The authors previously found a strong signature in the azimuthal distribution of lightning with respect to vertical wind shear. Because both effects show clearly, vertical wind shear and storm motion must themse...
Bronchodilator testing "confidence intervals" based on the level of bronchial responsiveness.

"Confidence intervals" based upon inhalation of placebo have been proposed as criteria for defining a significant response to an inhaled bronchodilator. The published intervals were derived from a clinically heterogeneous population. We calculated the difference (delta) between spirometric data before and after placebo in 109 consecutive patients referred for methacholine bronchoprovocation challenge testing. The mean delta, expressed both as a percent change and as actual volume change for both the FVC and FEV1, was not significantly different in patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, as compared to subjects with a negative methacholine challenge test; however, the variance of measurements in hyperresponsive subjects was significantly greater than that of the normal population. In addition, as the category of responsiveness increased from mild to moderate to severe hyperresponsiveness, so did the variance within these groups. A negative correlation between the measured PC20FEV1 and the volume and percent change was noted. We conclude that patients with hyperresponsive airways may display increased spirometric variation before and after placebo. This general approach for establishing normal limits for defining a significant response appears to be valid, but the actual values used may vary, depending on the composition of the population tested and the goals of the study. Also, the use of the term, "confidence intervals," in this context is inappropriate; and we propose, instead, the use of percentiles and the simpler terms, upper 90th or 95th percentiles.
UNCORRECTED REFRACTIVE ERROR AMONG A HOSPITAL POPULATION

Patients admitted for general medical care to a North London Hospital were screened using a pinhole disc in conjunction with their usual visual aid. One third of the group showed significant improvement in visual acuity, suggesting a change in refractive correction was necessary. These people were not more likely to have had less recent eye examinations or to complain of poor vision. They were more likely to be over 50 years old, have poor mobility, to have no idea of cost of change in refractive correction and to subjectively note improvement in vision with pinhole disc. Language: en
Strategic Posture, Environmental Munificence, and Performance: An Empirical Study of Independent Restaurants

Normative theory holds that strategy should favorably align organizations with their environments. The primary purpose of this study was to provide a test of the contingency effect that environmental munificence may have on the relationship between strategic posture and performance at the business-unit level. A nationwide sample of 311 independent restaurateurs, representing a 20.7% response rate, responded to a mail-out survey. Moderated regression analysis was used to assess the independent effects and the contingency relationships or interactions between the predictor (strategic posture) and the moderator (environmental munificence). The results suggest that both strategic posture and environmental munificence are significant independent predictors of performance. The moderating role of environmental munificence on the effect of strategic posture on performance was not established. However, the independent and additive effects of both strategic posture and environmental munificence were significant. Ov...
Estrogen Receptor Mutations in Tamoxifen-resistant Breast Cancer

Clinical resistance to antiestrogens like tamoxifen is a major problem in the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancers. Since the estrogen receptor plays a central role in mediating the effects of estrogens and antiestrogens, we hypothesized that mutations in the estrogen receptor could be one mechanism by which breast tumors evolve from a hormone-dependent to a hormone-independent phenotype. The eight exons of the estrogen receptor complementary DNA from 20 tamoxifen-resistant and 20 tamoxifen-sensitive tumors were screened by Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP), and the variant conformers were sequenced to identify the nucleotide changes. A 42-base pair replacement was found in exon 6 of a tamoxifen-resistant tumor. A single base pair deletion in exon 6 of a tamoxifen-resistant metastatic tumor but not in the primary tumor was detected in another case. If translated, both these mutations could generate truncated receptors with an intact DNA-binding domain and a defective hormone-binding domain that could constitutively activate transcription of previously estrogen-responsive genes. The remaining 18 of 20 tamoxifen-resistant tumors did not contain mutations in any of the 8 exons of the estrogen receptor complementary DNA. These results suggest that mutations in the estrogen receptor occur at a low frequency and do not account for most estrogen-independent, tamoxifen-resistant breast tumors.
Myosin Va Enhances Secretion of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Virions and Cell Surface Expression of Viral Glycoproteins

The final step in the egress of herpes simplex virus (HSV) virions requires virion-laden vesicles to bypass cortical actin and fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing virions into the extracellular space. Little is known about the host or viral proteins involved. In the current study, we noted that the conformation of myosin Va (myoVa), a protein known to be involved in melanosome and secretory granule trafficking to the plasma membrane in melanocytes and neuroendocrine cells, respectively, was altered by 4 h after infection with HSV-1 such that an N-terminal epitope expected to be masked in its inactive state was rendered immunoreactive. Wild-type myoVa localized throughout the cytoplasm and to a limited extent in the nuclei of HSV-infected cells. Two different dominant negative myoVa molecules containing cargo-binding domains but lacking the lever arms and actin-binding domains colocalized with markers of the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Expression of dominant negative myoVa isoforms reduced secretion of HSV-1 infectivity into the medium by 50 to 75%, reduced surface expression of glycoproteins B, M, and D, and increased intracellular virus infectivity to levels consistent with increased retention of virions in the cytoplasm. These data suggest that myoVa is activated during HSV-1 infection to help transport virion- and glycoprotein-laden vesicles from the TGN, through the cortical actin, to the plasma membrane. We cannot exclude a role for myoVa in promoting fusion of these vesicles with the inner surface of the plasma membrane. These data also indicate that myoVa is involved in exocytosis in human epithelial cells as well as other cell types.
Enumerating the strings of regular languages

Haskell code is developed for two ways to list the strings of the language defined by a regular expression: directly by set operations and indirectly by converting to and simulating an equivalent automaton. The exercise illustrates techniques for dealing with infinite ordered domains and leads to an effective standard form for nondeterministic finite automata.
Summary-based routing for content-based event distribution networks

Providing scalable distributed Web-based eventing services has been an important research topic. It is desirable to have an effective mechanism for the servers to summarize their filters for in-network preprocessing in order to optimize system performance. In this paper, we propose a summary-based routing mechanism and introduce the notion of imprecise summaries to provide a trade-off between routing overhead and event traffic. Our system uses similarity-based filter clustering to reduce overall event traffic and performs self-tuning summary precision selection to optimize throughput. We have implemented summary-based routing on top of an XML-based infrastructure that closely follows the proposed Web services standards. Measurements from the actual implementation validate our analytical and simulation results, and demonstrate the practical benefits of the proposed techniques.
Performance evaluation of the HERMES multibit systolic array architecture for low level processing tasks

The performance of the various parts of the HERMES multiprocessor vision system is evaluated. HERMES is an autonomous, hierarchical, heterogenic vision processing system, consisting of N/sup 2//4/sup i/, 0 >
A compact, high linearity 40GS/s track-and-hold amplifier in 90nm SiGe technology

The design of low distortion, high speed transceivers requires high performance Track and Hold Amplifier (THA) front ends to Analog to Digital Converters. This paper reports the design and characterization of a highly linear THA fabricated in 90nm SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor technology with Effective Number of Bits>4.9. Improved linearity is achieved through feed-through cancelation techniques, peak cutoff frequency biasing and a differential layout. The circuit is tested over a wide input frequency range of 1–19GHz with a fixed clock frequency of 40GS/s. It exhibits Spurious Free Dynamic Range as high as 78dB, Total Harmonic Distortion less than −31dB and peak Input-referred 3rd order Intercept Point of 11.1dBm. The circuit has an input-referred 1dB compression point of 6dBm and consumes 560mW of power while occupying 0.03mm2 of active die area. The SFDR3 and THD3 performance is better than similar circuits published in Silicon, and comparable to InP circuits, which consume more DC power. These results are promising for future designs of fully integrated ultra high speed transceivers in Silicon technologies.
John Hope Franklin

In this article, Professor Finkelman recounts the career of his former advisor, accomplished historian John Hope Franklin. Finkelman discusses how Franklin became one of the founding fathers of black history in America and his significant contributions to the field.
EiC's Introductory Letter

Dear Readers, Welcome to the ‘new and improved’ Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics (CBBI). I am honored to take over as the Editor-in-Chief officially starting January 1, 2016, although I have already had about 6 months experience as Advisory Editor in 2015. As you will note, we have a distinguished list of editorial board members, each experts in their respective fields, who are energetic and highly respected in the international scientific arena. As you know, the publishing world is experiencing difficulties with the peer-review process [http://www.nature. com/news/faked-peer-reviews-prompt-64-retractions-1. 18202 and http://retractionwatch.com/the-retraction-watchleaderboard/top-10-most-highly-cited-retracted-papers/and http://retractionwatch.com/?s=fake?peer?review]. Consequently, we are doing everything possible to strive to improve the quality of the journal with consistent peer-review procedures to ensure the integrity of the articles accepted. For example, all submitted manuscripts are initially run through plagiarism software. This and other aspects of our improved peer reviewer process promises to improve the overall quality of reviewing and decision-making. As to the Journal’s content, we are happy to entertain not only original research papers and reviews, but also minireviews, letters to the editor, hypothesis/opinion papers and occasionally special issues from important symposia in the field. We expect two such ‘meeting proceedings’ to appear in 2016 that will contain original research papers, reviews and minireviews on the special topics of that issue. We have also tightened and streamlined our scope as the field of cell biochemistry and biophysics is obviously quite broad. In particular, we will not accept papers that relate to human clinical (medical) research as well as the areas of plant biology and biochemistry as these are the purview of several other journals. Please have a look at our aims and scope on our website and feel free to offer any comments or suggestions. Overall, we hope to provide you with a top-rated journal containing first class papers in the field that have been carefully and critically peer-reviewed. For this accomplishment, we are particularly, and always, indebted to our reviewers and Editorial Board, without which any journal would never succeed. We welcome your suggestions and input at any time and sincerely hope that you will continue to consider CBBI as an outlet for the publication of your research. I am sincerely appreciative of your readership and interest and look forward to both your contributions and willingness to serve as aCBBI reviewer in the future.
The External Morphology of Larval Bremidae and Key to Certain Species (Hymenoptera)

Very little work has been done on the morphology of larval Bremidae. Except for a short discussion of the change from the larva to the pupa of the genus Bremus , by Packard (1895) there is practically no literature to be found on the subject. There are a number of morphological papers on larvae of related families such as those of Kellogg (1902), Kirmeyer (1909), Nelson (1924), and Snodgrass (1925).
Pituitary-Gonadal Relationships in Chickens Selected for High and Low Body Weight

Abstract CORRELATED responses in age at first egg and percentage egg production were observed in lines of chickens selected for high and low juvenile body weights (Maloney et al., 1963a, b; Siegel, 1962, 1963). The association between egg production and body weight was negative in both studies, whereas between sexual maturity and body weight it was positive in one experiment (Maloney et al., 1963b) and negative in the other (Siegel, 1963). Washburn and Siegel (1963) found that the differential sexual maturation phenomenon was also exhibited by the males. Conceivably a diametrically opposed response, where the high-weight line matured earlier and laid at a lower rate than the low-weight line, might be the result of line differences in terms of target organ sensitivities, and/or endocrine gland secretory capabilities. In the chick the drug 1-(p-2-diethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl- 2 - (p-methoxyphenol) ethanol, (MER-25) stimulates the production of endogenous gonadotropic hormones (Taber et al., 1965). Daily injections . . .
RFID for Indoor Position Determination

As Global Positioning System (GPS) behaves irrationally due to poor satellite reception, we provide an overview of indoor position detection of objects to precisely find out positions of different objects. Here we come up with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) as an important tool for detecting objects that are occluded from satellite visibility. We briefly describe underlying architecture of RFID technology. We show how many innovations RFID technique have made by combining with Ultrasonic sensors, Infrared sensors, Impulse-Radio Ultra wide band, and image sensors that lead to different models. We also discuss these approaches in this position determination scheme as well as provide an overview of the pros and cons of each system. We also compare many existing systems and based on the underlying drawbacks, we propose a novel system design, architecture and illustrate its usefulness.
A splitting theorem for compact complex homogeneous spaces with a symplectic structure

In this note we prove a splitting theorem for compact complex homogeneous spaces with a cohomology 2 class [ω] such that the top power [ω n ]≠0.
22 PROCEDURAL SEDATION FOR THE REDUCTION OF PAEDIATRIC FOREARM FRACTURES: EVOLUTION OF CARE

Purpose The management of forearm fractures in children represents a significant part of paediatric orthopaedic practice. Recently, the manipulation of such fractures has been performed, where appropriate, under procedural sedation in the emergency room, using ketamine anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of forearm fracture reduction under procedural sedation in children. Methods A pilot retrospective study comparing closed forearm fractures treated at our institution in the years 1995 and 2003 were undertaken. Radiological outcome in terms of residual angulation and displacement were determined at each clinic visit. Results In 1995, before procedural sedation was used, 145 forearm fractures were managed in the operating room, and in 2003 out of the 134 forearm fractures requiring reduction, 74 were managed with procedural sedation in the emergency department. The mean waiting time for reduction under general anaesthesia was 522 minutes (range 60-1465) while the mean waiting time for procedural sedation was 236 minutes (range 45-1030). Thirteen patients (33%) had to wait overnight for reduction under general anaesthesia and 6 patients (8.3%) waited overnight for procedural sedation. Mean true angulation was similar in both groups, 26.9 degrees (range 6-70) for the procedural sedation group and 27.5 degrees (range 8.5-63) for the general anaesthesia group. Conclusions There was no difference in clinical or radiological outcome between those fractures reduced under procedural sedation and those reduced under general anaesthesia in the operating room. Procedural sedation proved to be an effective method of managing paediatric forearm fractures requiring reduction.
Experimental Study on CO and NO_x Emission of a Swirl-opposed Coal-fired Boiler

To solve the problems occurring in the swirl-opposed coal-fired boiler of a 600 MW supercritical power unit,such as high and even peak mass concentration of CO in local area of the furnace,obvious deviation of CO mass concentration between left and right side along its width direction,and great changes of CO concentration under different conditions of oxygen volume fraction,etc.,corresponding countermeasures were proposed by analyzing the effect of oxygen volume fraction and overfire air volume on the CO and NOx mass concentration.Results show that the high mass concentration of CO is found to be caused by uneven air distribution,which can be improved by turning down the secondary air damper of the side air port,and the secondary and tertiary air damper of the after air port,comprehensively considering the varition tendency of CO and NOx mass concentration,the case of φ(O2)=3.0% is considered to be appropriate.
Management of impaired physicians in Europe.

INTRODUCTION A significant percentage of physicians may be impaired at some point in their career by substance dependence, psychiatric and neurological disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review. RESULTS While the United States and a few other countries have addressed the problem since the 70's, most European countries still have no national or hospital policy to deal with impaired physicians. DISCUSSION According to European directives on workers' health and safety, the occupational health physician entrusted with medical surveillance of hospital workers is often mandated to manage impaired professionals. CONCLUSIONS Strategies for early identification, treatment and rehabilitation of impaired physicians are reviewed and suggestions for preventive action in European countries are given.
Concordance Between Administrator and Clinician Ratings of Organizational Culture and Climate

Organizational culture and climate are important determinants of behavioral health service delivery for youth. The Organizational Social Context measure is a well validated assessment of organizational culture and climate that has been developed and extensively used in public sector behavioral health service settings. The degree of concordance between administrators and clinicians in their reports of organizational culture and climate may have implications for research design, inferences, and organizational intervention. However, the extent to which administrators’ and clinicians’ reports demonstrate concordance is just beginning to garner attention in public behavioral health settings in the United States. We investigated the concordance between 73 administrators (i.e., supervisors, clinical directors, and executive directors) and 247 clinicians in 28 child-serving programs in a public behavioral health system. Findings suggest that administrators, compared to clinicians, reported more positive cultures and climates. Organizational size moderated this relationship such that administrators in small programs (<466 youth clients served annually) provided more congruent reports of culture and climate in contrast to administrators in large programs (≥466 youth clients served annually) who reported more positive cultures and climates than clinicians. We propose a research agenda that examines the effect of concordance between administrators and clinicians on organizational outcomes in public behavioral health service settings.
Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Epidemiology and therapeutic response in the national veterans affairs population

Introduction One nationwide study (The Netherlands) of Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) has been published. We report LEMS epidemiology and its therapeutic response in the United States Veterans Affairs (VA) population. Methods Medical records for all active patients (12.5 million) in the VA health system were queried for relevant ICD-9 codes for the period October 1, 1999 to September 30, 2013. Clinical, electrophysiologic, and serologic features were evaluated to confirm diagnosis; epidemiologic and treatment data were collected. Results Point prevalence was estimated at 2.6 per 1,000,000 (confirmed cases) and 3.3 per 1,000,000 (combined confirmed and probable cases). Crude prevalence was similarly estimated at 9.2 and 10.9 per 1,000,000 respectively. A total of 18 of 48 (38%) patients received 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP); 14 of 18 (78%) improved. Conclusions This investigation was a large North American epidemiologic study of LEMS. LEMS prevalence in the national VA population was found to be similar to previously published rates in other large international populations. Most patients experienced improvement with therapy, including a majority with 3,4-DAP. Muscle Nerve 56: 421–426, 2017
Alloy and dispersion strengthening by powder metallurgy

The feasibility of producing tungsten, iron and nickel base alloys with or without a dispersal phase using elemental powders and standard powder metallurgical techniques has been established. Potential areas for further development as well as expected problem areas for such powder metallurgy alloys are also reviewed.
Permeability across a novel microfluidic blood-tumor barrier model

The lack of translatable in vitro blood-tumor barrier (BTB) models creates challenges in the development of drugs to treat tumors of the CNS and our understanding of how the vascular changes at the BBB in the presence of a tumor. In this study, we characterize a novel microfluidic model of the BTB (and BBB model as a reference) that incorporates flow and induces shear stress on endothelial cells. Cell lines utilized include human umbilical vein endothelial cells co-cultured with CTX-TNA2 rat astrocytes (BBB) or Met-1 metastatic murine breast cancer cells (BTB). Cells were capable of communicating across microfluidic compartments via a porous interface. We characterized the device by comparing permeability of three passive permeability markers and one marker subject to efflux. The permeability of Sulforhodamine 101 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the BTB model (13.1 ± 1.3 × 10−3, n = 4) than the BBB model (2.5 ± 0.3 × 10−3, n = 6). Similar permeability increases were observed in the BTB model for molecules ranging from 600 Da to 60 kDa. The function of P-gp was intact in both models and consistent with recent published in vivo data. Specifically, the rate of permeability of Rhodamine 123 across the BBB model (0.6 ± 0.1 × 10−3, n = 4), increased 14-fold in the presence of the P-gp inhibitor verapamil (14.7 ± 7.5 × 10−3, n = 3) and eightfold with the addition of Cyclosporine A (8.8 ± 1.8 × 10−3, n = 3). Similar values were noted in the BTB model. The dynamic microfluidic in vitro BTB model is a novel commercially available model that incorporates shear stress, and has permeability and efflux properties that are similar to in vivo data.
The Omniscience Model: Equation Selection

We are living at the intersection of massive computing power and the nearly unlimited flow of financial information. Stock market returns are based on the change in price from one period to another. The business plan of nearly all equity funds is based on having high conviction regarding whether holdings will go up (those that hold long) or down (those that short). While the business plan is based on conviction, success is based on being correct. Statistical tools and theories are available to help understand relationships, such as correlation, as well as explain divergent behavior, such as mean reversion. Other fields such as physics and biology utilize models that could be relevant to prediction of future events. This paper takes the formulae from the various fields and sorts them to determine which may be useful in the prediction of stock prices versus those that are descriptive and evaluative.
Colonoscopy Photo Atlas

Clinicians rely on colonoscopy as an invaluable diagnostic and therapeutic tool. While video colonoscopy delivers high-definition, dynamic, streaming imaging of the colorectal mucosa, photo documentation is an integral part of present-day colonoscopy and facilitates patient care and operative planning. Reviewing colonoscopic images can confirm tumor localization, helps determine the feasibility of endo-luminal therapy and allows the surgeon to better understand pathology. It is helpful to review still colonoscopy images, like those included here, as the ability to diagnose pathology and synthesize information from performing endoscopy and reviewing patients’ endoscopic photographs heavily relies on pattern recognition. This atlas, by no means comprehensive, offers examples of colorectal anatomy and pathology.
Analysis and synthesis of cascaded metasurfaces using wave matrices

Various matrix representations are used to analyze the propagation of electromagnetic waves through stratified (layered) media or cascaded circuit networks. These include ABCD matrices, scattering matrices, impedance matrices, and hybrid matrices. A less known network representation is the wave matrix. In this paper, a brief review of wave matrices is presented and their relation to other network representations derived. Wave matrices are found for common interfaces such as boundaries between dielectric media, dielectric slabs, as well as electric, magnetic, and magneto-electric sheet boundaries (generalized sheet transition conditions). These results are then used to develop an analytical synthesis approach for cascaded metasurfaces: metasurfaces consisting of a cascade of sheets separated by dielectric spacers. This is in contrast to earlier works which relied on numerical solvers or optimization methods to design such structures. A few design examples are presented to demonstrate the utility of the synthesis approach.
Applying design thinking method to social entrepreneurship project

Analyze the theories of social entrepreneurship.Identify the details of design thinking method.Identify the process of social entrepreneurship project design.Identify the interrelationship between social entrepreneurship and design thinking method. A successful social entrepreneurship can make a positive contribution to the society. In order to generate an optimal outcome of performing social entrepreneurship, adopting an innovative project design method would reach the goals of planned social entrepreneurs. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the design thinking method and also to apply it into social entrepreneurship projects. It provides detailed review to both social entrepreneurship theories and the methodology of design thinking. Standard issues are discussed in the paper. Case studies are also illustrated to support the new methodology of designing social entrepreneurship projects.
Abstract 3980: Ly6G+ neutrophils and polymorphonuclear myeloid derived suppressor cells promote the survival of tumor cells

A heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells which suppress the immune system are termed myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Collectively a MDSC population is comprised of monocyte-like MDSC and polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC). MDSC are increased in the presence of a number of different tumors. We previously demonstrated that PMN-MDSC represent the majority of MDSC in tumor-bearing mice. In a mouse model of multiple myeloma (MM) depletion of myeloid cells in vivo results in increased survival. Direct co-culture of neutrophils (CD11b+Gr1+ cells from tumor-free mice) or PMN-MDSC (CD11b+Gr1+ cells from tumor-bearing mice) and MM cells increases the survival of the MM cells from chemotherapeutic-induced death. Cell-cell contact is not necessary for the protective effect. Neutrophil and PMN-MDSC supernatants protect MM cells from cell death, suggesting the factor protecting tumor cells is soluble. Results in the mouse were confirmed using human MM cells and replicated on breast cancer cells with neutrophils or PMN-MDSC. Several cytokines and growth factors, such as IL-6 and fibroblast growth factor, are implicated in chemoresistance. The role of these neutrophil and PMN-MDSC soluble factors and the identification of novel contributors to chemoresistance are under investigation. Citation Format: Sarah Herlihy, Cindy Lin, Maria Ozeriva, Alfred Garfall, Dan Vogl, Dmitry Gabrilovich, Yulia Nefedova. Ly6G+ neutrophils and polymorphonuclear myeloid derived suppressor cells promote the survival of tumor cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3980. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3980
Closed-loop one-way-travel-time navigation using low-grade odometry for autonomous underwater vehicles

This paper extends the progress of single beacon one‐way‐travel‐time (OWTT) range measurements for constraining XY position for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV). Traditional navigation algorithms have used OWTT measurements to constrain an inertial navigation system aided by a Doppler Velocity Log (DVL). These methodologies limit AUV applications to where DVL bottom‐lock is available as well as the necessity for expensive strap‐down sensors, such as the DVL. Thus, deep water, mid‐water column research has mostly been left untouched, and vehicles that need expensive strap‐down sensors restrict the possibility of using multiple AUVs to explore a certain area. This work presents a solution for accurate navigation and localization using a vehicle's odometry determined by its dynamic model velocity and constrained by OWTT range measurements from a topside source beacon as well as other AUVs operating in proximity. We present a comparison of two navigation algorithms: an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and a Particle Filter(PF). Both of these algorithms also incorporate a water velocity bias estimator that further enhances the navigation accuracy and localization. Closed‐loop online field results on local waters as well as a real‐time implementation of two days field trials operating in Monterey Bay, California during the Keck Institute for Space Studies oceanographic research project prove the accuracy of this methodology with a root mean square error on the order of tens of meters compared to GPS position over a distance traveled of multiple kilometers.
Statistical Signal Processing for Cancer Stem Cell Formation

Many mysteries related to the behavior of cancer stem cells (CSCs), their role in the formation of tumors, and the evolution of tumors with time remain unresolved. Biologists conduct experiments and collect data from them; these are then used for modeling, inference, and prediction of various unknowns that define the CSC system and are vital for its understanding. The aim of this chapter is to provide a summary of our progress in statistical signal processing models and methods for the advancement of the theory and understanding of cancer and the CSC paradigm. The chapter comprises three parts: model building, methods for the forward problem, and methods for the inverse problem.
Reassessing the Performance Evaluation System in the Xi Jinping Era: Changes and Implications

Existing literature on China’s Performance Evaluation System and how it shapes cadre behavior tends to assume a hierarchy of work targets either through the framework of soft targets, hard targets, and priority targets with veto power or through target measurability. However, this traditional conceptualization of target hierarchy can no longer capture the nature of content of today’s Performance Evaluation System nor can it explain cadre behavior under the new economic and political order imposed by Xi Jinping. Based on field research conducted in various administrative level localities of four provinces during 2014, 2016, and 2017, I argue that today’s Performance Evaluation System has evolved into an increasingly balanced system driven by three prevailing features: the diminishing hard/soft targets dichotomy, the much more constrained power of priority targets with veto power, and the comprehensive quantification of evaluation targets. This study contributes to an updated understanding of the incentive mechanism of the Performance Evaluation System and how that can help explain cadre behavior today. The findings of the research have important political and economic implications on the Xi administration and the Communist Party.
Top-Down Characterization of Heavily Modified Histones Using 193 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry.

The characterization of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) remains a significant challenge for traditional bottom-up proteomics methods owing to the lability of PTMs and the difficulty of mapping combinatorial patterns of PTMs based on analysis of small peptides. These shortcomings have accelerated interest in top-down MS/MS methods that focus on analysis of intact proteins. Simultaneous mapping of all PTMs requires extensive sequence coverage to confidently localize modifications. 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) has been shown to generate unparalleled sequence coverage for intact proteins compared to traditional MS/MS methods. This study focuses on identification and localization of PTMs of histones by UVPD, higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD), and the hybrid method electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation (EThcD) via a high throughput liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry strategy. In total, over 500 proteoforms were characterized among these three activ...
Investigating the Effects of Culturally Relevant Texts on African American Struggling Readers' Progress.

Background/ContextIn a recent review of culturally relevant instruction and reading comprehension, Fairbanks, Cooper, Masterson, and Webb (2009) highlighted the paucity of research available to sup...
Long-term dynamics of coral reefs in St. John, US Virgin Islands

In this study, long-term (1987–1998) dynamics are described on a local scale (<20 km) for coral reefs in St. John, US Virgin Islands, which are located in a marine protected area (MPA). The study consists of two sites (Yawzi and Tektite) which were selected in 1987 based on relatively high coral cover (=32%), and six sites that were randomly selected in 1992. Over 12 years, mean coral cover at Yawzi (9 m depth) changed significantly, declining from 45 to 20% cover between 1987 and 1998 (a 56% reduction). Less than 1 km away at Tektite (14 m depth), coral cover also changed significantly, but here it increased 34% (from 32 to 43% cover). Over the same period, macroalgal cover showed a significant upward trend at both sites, increasing from 2 to 26% at Yawzi, and from 6 to 13% at Tektite. The random sites (7–9 m depth) differed from the initial sites in both community structure and dynamics. Mean coral cover at the random sites (~8%) was less than one third of that at Yawzi and Tektite, and varied significantly among sites and years in an idiosyncratic pattern. The percentage cover of macroalgae and the pooled coverage of crustose coralline algae, algal turf, and bare space showed a strong site × time interaction, illustrating that the sites differed in dynamics, but that the differences varied among times. Thus, as has been reported elsewhere in the Caribbean, serious reef degradation has occurred on at least one reef in St. John, but the patterns of change vary markedly on a kilometer-wide scale. In comparison with other long-term studies of Caribbean coral reefs, the degradation of a coral reef in an MPA around St. John is noteworthy since there are few local anthropogenic disturbances that can be held responsible for the decline. The strong possibility that large-scale events such as hurricanes and global warming have played a pivotal role in the decline of at least one reef in St. John emphasizes the need to embrace landscape- and regional-scale phenomena in order to understand and manage local coral reef dynamics. The occurrence of small patches of relatively healthy reef (i.e., at Tektite) appears trivial in comparison to region-wide reef decline, but such anomalies should be studied further because of their potential roles as refugia for corals and reef-associated taxa.
The Webtango Method

Chapter 4 described briefly the WebTango automated evaluation approach [Ivory, 2001; Ivory et al., 2000; Ivory et al., 2001; Ivory and Hearst, 2002a], which we elaborate on in this chapter. We designed WebTango to leverage the benefits of both performance evaluation [Jain, 1991; Sauer and Chandy, 1981] and usability evaluation to evaluate the quality of sites designed primarily to disseminate information (i.e., informational sites). Performance evaluation is used predominately in the assessment of computer systems, and usability evaluation is used for assessing interfaces. In the spirit of measurement techniques in the performance evaluation domain, benchmarking in particular, the methodology entails computing an extensive set of quantitative page-level and site-level measures. These measures can be viewed as a benchmark because they enable objective comparison of web interfaces. Specifically, we use these measures to derive statistical models of highly rated interfaces. As is done with guideline review methods in the usability evaluation domain (see Chapter 4), the models are then used in the automated analysis of web pages and sites. Unlike other guideline review methods, the guidelines are in essence derived from empirical data. Hence, it is also possible to use the models to validate or invalidate many guidelines proposed in the web design literature.
Soy and Cognition in the Aging Population

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the beneficial mental health effects of soy and soy products in older women. Soy products contain phytoestrogens, which are naturally occurring estrogen compounds and with concerns of risks of hormone therapy to women's health, has led to an increase in use of soy supplements for menopausal symptoms. It mentions that estrogen benefit memory and cognition in younger postmenopausal women, suggesting the potential of soy to enhance cognition in older women. Soy and soy products are one of the richest sources of bioactive antioxidants known as isoflavones, which act as both an antioxidant and as phytoestrogen. A brief account of the cognition enhancing effect of estrogen and soy in women is given. In animal studies, the effect of soy is indicated to be sex-specific, being beneficial for females but not males. It concludes that the mental health effects of soy appear to confer cognitive benefits in young women and early postmenopausal women. However, there is not enough evidence to support the use of phytoestrogens as cognition enhancers in late menopausal women.
The Skinny on Fats in Wound Healing.

The sequential wound healing cascade promotes optimal repair. However, prolonged or overly vigorous individual phases impede healing. Although most wound therapies focus on initiating the healing process by supplementing growth factors or matrices, the study by Hellmann et al. highlights the role of lipid molecules termed resolvins, specifically RvD1 and RvD2, as promoters of epithelial wound closure.
Proteomic characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from air and surfaces of the International Space Station

The on-going Microbial Observatory Experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) revealed the presence of various microorganisms that may be affected by the distinct environment of the ISS. The low-nutrient environment combined with enhanced irradiation and microgravity may trigger changes in the molecular suite of microorganisms leading to increased virulence and resistance of microbes. Proteomic characterization of two Aspergillus fumigatus strains, ISSFT-021 and IF1SW-F4, isolated from HEPA filter debris and cupola surface of the ISS, respectively, is presented, along with a comparison to well-studied clinical isolates Af293 and CEA10. In-depth analysis highlights variations in the proteome of both ISS-isolated strains when compared to the clinical strains. Proteins that showed increased abundance in ISS isolates were overall involved in stress responses, and carbohydrate and secondary metabolism. Among the most abundant proteins were Pst2 and ArtA involved in oxidative stress response, PdcA and AcuE responsible for ethanol fermentation and glyoxylate cycle, respectively, TpcA, TpcF, and TpcK that are part of trypacidin biosynthetic pathway, and a toxin Asp-hemolysin. This report provides insight into possible molecular adaptation of filamentous fungi to the unique ISS environment.
Abstract TP489: Atrial Fibrillation Detection Following Implanted Cardiac Monitor Placement in Patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source

Objective: Determine atrial fibrillation detection rates in patients with ischemic stroke and TIA following implanted cardiac monitor placement. Introduction: Annually an estimated 795,000 American...
Preclinical evaluation of an integrated robotic system for magnetic resonance imaging guided shoulder arthrography

Shoulder arthrography is a diagnostic procedure which involves injecting a contrast agent into the joint space for enhanced visualization of anatomical structures. Typically, a contrast agent is injected under fluoroscopy or computed tomography (CT) guidance, resulting in exposure to ionizing radiation, which should be avoided especially in pediatric patients. The patient then waits for the next available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slot for obtaining high-resolution anatomical images for diagnosis, which can result in long procedure times. Performing the contrast agent injection under MRI guidance could overcome both these issues. However, it comes with the challenges of the MRI environment including high magnetic field strength, limited ergonomic patient access, and lack of real-time needle guidance. We present the development of an integrated robotic system to perform shoulder arthrography procedures under intraoperative MRI guidance, eliminating fluoroscopy/CT guidance and patient transportation from the fluoroscopy/CT room to the MRI suite. The average accuracy of the robotic manipulator in benchtop experiments is 0.90 mm and 1.04 deg, whereas the average accuracy of the integrated system in MRI phantom experiments is 1.92 mm and 1.28 deg at the needle tip. Based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) tests performed, the system is classified as MR conditional.