cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The freestream matching condition for stagnation point turbulent flows : An alternative formulation

The problem of plane stagnation point flow with freestream turbulence is examined from a basic theoretical standpoint. It is argued that the singularity which arises in the standard K- e model results from the use of an inconsistent freestream boundary condition. The inconsistency lies in the implementation of a production-equals-dissipation equilibrium hypothesis in conjunction with a freestream mean velocity field that corresponds to homogeneous plane strain-a turbulent flow for which the standard K- e model does not predict such a simple equilibrium. The ad hoc adjustment that has been made in the constants of the e-transport equation to eliminate this singularity is shown to be inconsistent for homogeneous plane-strain turbulence as well as other benchmark turbulent flows. An alternative means to eliminate this singularity-without compromising model predictions in more basic turbulent flows-is proposed based on the incorporation of nonequilibrium vortex stretching effects in the turbulent dissipation rate equation.
Pulsed klystrons with feedback controlled mod-anode modulators

This paper describes a fast rise and fall, totem-pole mod-anode modulators for klystron application. Details of these systems as recently installed [1] utilizing a beam switch tube "on-deck" and a planar triode "offdeck" in a grid-catch feedback regulated configuration will be provided. The grid-catch configuration regulates the klystron mod-anode voltage at a specified set-point during switching as well as providing a control mechanism that flat-top regulates the klystron beam current during the pulse. This flat-topped klystron beam current is maintained while the capacitor bank droops. In addition, we will review more modern on-deck designs using a high gain, high voltage planar triode as a regulating and switching element. These designs are being developed, tested, and implemented for the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator refurbishment project, "LANSCE-R". An advantage of the planar triode is that the tube can be directly operated with solid state linear components and provides for a very compact design. The tubes are inexpensive compared to stacked semiconductor switching assemblies and also provide a linear control capability. Details of these designs are provided as well as operational and developmental results. (4 pages)
Contested Knowledges: John of Salisbury's Metalogicon and Historia Pontificalis

John of Salisbury's Metalogicon is a text concerned with education, and its role in the production and maintenance of virtue in students. It defends the broadness of the Trivium against those who seek specialisation in education. This article seeks to contextualise the Metalogicon, and stake a claim for its intellectual import, through a reading of another of John's works, the Historia Pontificalis , where John uses the trial of Gilbert of Poitiers to explore similar issues.
The Theoretical Relationship between Item Difficulty and The “In Doubt” Response in Music Tests

The Musical Aptitude Profile (MAP) and the Iowa Tests of Music Literacy (ITML) were administered to 90 fourth-grade students to investigate the theoretical validity of the relationship between use of the “in doubt” response and item difficulty. The purpose of the study was to question Gordon's (the author of the test battery) theory that the use of the “in doubt” response increases as item difficulty increases. Statistically significant correlations between use of the “in doubt” response and item difficulty were found for all total tests of both batteries, the ITML Tonal subtest, Reading Recognition, and the MAP Tonal subtest, Harmony. No significant correlation coefficients were found for any of the Rhythm subtests. When the mean use of the “in doubt” response for items of extreme difficulty-very easy and very difficult—were compared, all mean differences were statistically significant except for the MAP Rhythm subtest, Meter, and the ITML Tonal subtest, Aural Perception.
The structure of the vinyl cation

Abstract Structures and energies of the classical and bridged forms of the vinyl cation are obtained, using higher levels of ab initio molecular-orbital theory than have been applied heretofore. The bridged form is more stable by 5.0 kcal mol . The classical form is found to be a saddle point on the potential surface, corresponding to the transition structure for scrambling of hydrogen nuclei between bridged and terminal positions.
Cellular-automaton simulations of simple boundary-layer problems

A lattice-gas automaton is a variant of a cellular automaton. Its cellular universe is a regular triangular lattice, and particles reside on the lattice nodes. The time evolution of this discrete dynamical system of particles proceeds in two alternating phases: collision and propagation. Such a model, though very simple and deterministic, is capable of producing very complex behaviors. A boundary layer develops whenever a real, viscous fluid flows along a solid boundary. We simulate boundary-layer and related problems in the incompressible limit of fluid dynamics using a lattice-gas automaton. Our lattice-gas automaton simulations show that viscosity effects on Couette flows (flows between parallel plates), Stokes flows, and Blasius flows (flows across a plate) give results as predicted by the Navier-Stokes equations. By considering different geometries and by carefully varying the gas properties, we obtain in particular the time-dependent velocity profiles, which are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. These inferences may be viewed as further support for the internal consistency of the lattice-gas approach, and they also substantiate the belief that the lattice-gas automaton can be a useful, viable tool for simulating fluid dynamics.
La Crosse Encephalitis Presenting Like Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in an Immunocompromised Adult

The diagnosis of the precise cause of viral encephalitis can be difficult, hampered by the nonspecific presentation, the number of etiologic viruses, and limited culture and serologic diagnostic methods. Because herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) can be neurologically devastating and is treatable, timely diagnosis is important. We report an immunocompromised adult with encephalitis clinically consistent with HSE who had serology consistent with recent La Crosse encephalitis (LAC).
The unique catalytic subunit of sperm cAMP-dependent protein kinase is the product of an alternative Cα mRNA expressed specifically in spermatogenic cells.

cAMP-dependent protein kinase has a central role in the control of mammalian sperm capacitation and motility. Previous protein biochemical studies indicated that the only cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (C) in ovine sperm is an unusual isoform, termed Cs, whose amino terminus differs from those of published C isoforms of other species. Isolation and sequencing of cDNA clones encoding ovine Cs and Cα1 (the predominant somatic isoform) now reveal that Cs is the product of an alternative transcript of the Cα gene. Cs cDNA clones from murine and human testes also were isolated and sequenced, indicating that Cs is of ancient origin and widespread in mammals. In the mouse, Cs transcripts were detected only in testis and not in any other tissue examined, including ciliated tissues and ovaries. Finally, immunohistochemistry of the testis shows that Cs first appears in pachytene spermatocytes. This is the first demonstration of a cell type–specific expression for any C isoform. The conservation of Cs throughout mammalian evolution suggests that the unique structure of Cs is important in the subunit's localization or function within the sperm.
Measuring the Educational Impacts of a Graduate Course on Sustainable Development.

While university‐level education is increasingly recognized as an important component of sustainable approaches to development, little empirical research has been done on the impact of sustainability education on student behavior. This study relies on an evidence‐based research approach to better understand how graduate coursework on sustainable development can facilitate learning and transform the perceptions and reported behavior of class participants. Specifically, the authors use ecological footprint analysis in an interdisciplinary graduate‐level course on sustainable development to make statistical conclusions about the degree to which education on sustainability influences students’ daily consumption patterns. The results of this study suggest that graduate‐level education can significantly increase the degree to which students behave in a sustainable manner as measured by their ecological footprints.
Conspecific odor detection by the male broad‐headed skink, Eumeces laticeps: Effects of sex and site of odor source and of male reproductive condition

Olfactory stimuli are sufficient for detection and discrimination of sex of conspecific lizards by the male broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps, a member of a large group of lizards with pronounced chemosensory abilities, the Autarchoglossa. The capacity of male broad-headed skinks to detect conspecific odors was assessed by measuring tongue extrusion rates in response to odor stimuli presented on moist cotton applicators. Tongue-flick rates of postreproductive males were siginificantly higher for clocal odors of postreproductive conspecif-ics of both sexes than to distilled water and higher to female than male odors over the initial 20- and 60-sec intervals. In a second experiment using testosterone-treated males and estrogen-injected females, testosterone-treated males emitted significantly more tongue flicks to female cloacal odors than to the other stimuli, and two males bit applicators bearing male odors. Testosterone did not affect reaction to male cloacal odors, but markedly increased tongue flick rates in response to cloacal odors of estrogen-treated females. Post reproductive males also responded to female, but not male, skin odors at a significantly higher rate than to water. Possible sources and presumed adaptive significance of conspecific odors are discussed.
An improved procedure for the lateral lithiation of ethyl 4-acetyl-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl carboxylate ☆

Abstract Ethyl 4-acetyl-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl carboxylate was smoothly lithiated at the 5-methyl position, when the 4-acetyl group was protected with a 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxanyl group. The lithio anion was quenched with a variety of electrophiles such as alkyl halides, aldehydes, TMSCl, and Me3SnCl in good to excellent yields. The lithiation of the unprotected compound and the 4-acetyl group protected as 1,3-dioxolanyl both failed. The effects of different bases have been investigated and the addition of LiCl significantly increased yields. Based on variable temperature NMR studies the 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxanyl group appears to occupy a single chair conformation which may facilitate lateral metalation. This represents a facile entry into 5-functionalized 3-isoxazolyl carboxylic acid derivatives as prodrugs for the AMPA glutamate neurotransmitters of the central nervous system.
Automated Forensic Data Acquisition in the Cloud

Movement of businesses and individuals to the cloud has posed many new complications for digital forensic investigators. This is due to a multi-tenant environment on cloud servers, chain of custody problems, globalization of data, and the inability of the Cloud Service Provider (CSP) to keep logs of everything within their network. This paper proposes a practical solution that can be implemented to mitigate the challenges with minimal to no CSP upkeep. Our model builds upon and adds to existing models and solutions including network monitoring for Infrastructure as a Service and snapshot capabilities to provide forensic evidence. We propose to utilize the automation of snapshots and an open-source tool, Google Rapid Response (GRR), set off by a hypervisor-based intrusion detection system in order to collect forensic evidence. Finally, we discuss the ideal implementation of our model and the future research direction.
3-D Superlocalization with Double-Helix Microscopes

Double-helix microscopes localize the three-dimensional (3-D) position of multiple particles with nanometer-scale precisions using a single image, and can be operated directly in microscope modalities such as bright-field, dark-field, fluorescence, and PALM/STORM/F-PALM type superresolution nanoscopy.
Can low-level ethanol exposure during pregnancy influence maternal care? An investigation using two strains of rat across two generations

Abstract Gestational alcohol use is well documented as detrimental to both maternal and fetal health, producing an increase in offspring's tendency for alcoholism, as well as in behavioral and neuropsychological disorders. In both rodents and in humans, parental care can influence the development of offspring physiology and behavior. Animal studies that have investigated gestational alcohol use on parental care and/or their interaction mostly employ heavy alcohol use and single strains. This study aimed at investigating the effects of low gestational ethanol dose on parental behavior and its transgenerational transmission, with comparison between two rat strains. Pregnant Sprague Dawley (SD) and Long Evans (LE) progenitor dams (F0) received 1 g/kg ethanol or water through gestational days 17–20 via gavage, or remained untreated in their home cages. At maturity, F1 female offspring were mated with males of the same strain and treatment and were left undisturbed through gestation. Maternal behavior was scored in both generations during the first six postnatal days. Arch-back nursing (ABN) was categorized as: 1, when the dam demonstrated minimal kyphosis; 2, when the dam demonstrated moderate kyphosis; and 3, when the dam displayed maximal kyphosis. Overall, SD showed greater amounts of ABN than LE dams and spent more time in contact with their pups. In the F0 generation, water and ethanol gavage increased ABN1 and contact with pups in SD, behaviors which decreased in treated LE. For ABN2, ethanol-treated SD dams showed more ABN2 than water-treated dams, with no effect of treatment on LE animals. In the F1 generation, prenatal exposure affected retrieval. Transgenerational transmission of LG was observed only in the untreated LE group. Strain-specific differences in maternal behavior were also observed. This study provides evidence that gestational gavage can influence maternal behavior in a strain-specific manner. Our results also suggest that the experimental procedure during gestation and genetic variations between strains may play an important role in the behavioral effects of prenatal manipulations.
Uma enorme risada: o espírito cômico na literatura modernista brasileira

O artigo desenvolve o tema da relevância do comico na formacao do primeiro modernismo, como revelador das contradicoes culturais do Brasil de entao. O humor e apresentado como forma de satira social tal como expresso nos manifestos e nos poemas-piada, especialmente de Oswald de Andrade, assim como em outros escritores da epoca.
Experiments on heat transfer and pressure drop for a pair of colinear, interrupted plates aligned with the flow

Abstract Experiments have been performed to determine the heat-transfer characteristics for each plate of a two-plate colinear array aligned parallel to the flow direction and situated in an airflow in a flat rectangular duct. The pressure drop associated with the plates was also determined. The plate thickness and the interplate spacing were parametrically varied (for a fixed plate length), as was the Reynolds number. It was found that while the Nusselt number may either increase or decrease with plate thickness, depending on the operating conditions, it should increase for conditions corresponding to those commonly encountered in an interrupted-plate heat exchanger. The pressure drop increase caused by increasing plate thickness is greater than the largest thickness-related increase of the Nusselt number. The presence of the inter-plate gap affects the Nusselt numbers for both the first and second plates, but to a greater extent for the latter. In many cases, the curves of Nusselt number vs spacing attain a local maximum and indicate that the conventional spacing-to-length ratio of unity is not necessarily optimal.
MULTICOMPONENT SEPARATION BY CYCLIC PROCESSES—A PROCESS FOR COMBINED HYDROGEN/METHANE SEPARATION AND ACID GAS REMOVAL IN COAL CONVERSION

(1983). MULTICOMPONENT SEPARATION BY CYCLIC PROCESSES—A PROCESS FOR COMBINED HYDROGEN/METHANE SEPARATION AND ACID GAS REMOVAL IN COAL CONVERSION. Chemical Engineering Communications: Vol. 20, No. 3-4, pp. 183-189.
Stationary and Quasistationary Bounds on Arbitrary Bound-State Matrix Elements

Rigorous upper and lower bounds on the diagonal and off-diagonal bound-state matrix elements of an arbitrary Hermitian operator $W$ are derived which represent a significant improvement over previous results in that all first-order error terms are eliminated. These bounds do, however, contain error terms of the three-halves power of the errors in the trial functions used; they are therefore termed "quasistationary bounds." In the particular but important case of the diagonal bound-state matrix elements of non-negative (nonpositive) Hermitian operators, true stationary lower (upper) bounds are obtained; the errors are of second order in the errors of the trial functions used. All trial functions can contain variational parameters. The results obtained are tested by computing upper and lower bounds on the expectation value of ${r}_{1}+{r}_{2}$ for the ground state of helium, and a substantial improvement over previous bounds is obtained.
Unraveling Integrin Antagonists' Target-Recognition Mechanisms

Background: Pharmaceutical blockade of the platelet αIIbβ3 integrin receptor has reduced mortality from cardiovascular disease. However, gaps in mechanistic understanding limit clinical efficacy and delay new drug development.Objectives: Integrating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS), we aim to measure the strength of integrin:ligand bonds, determining their weakest link and identifying new therapeutic intervention routes.Methods: cHarGD, a cyclic peptide structurally similar to eptifibatide, a widely used antiplatelet drug, served as a model ligand, one readily coupled to biosensors and AFM tips. SPR provided kinetic, equilibrium, and transition state thermodynamic parameters for αIIbβ3:cHarGD complex formation, while DFS measured their mechanical stability. cHarGA, lacking the aspartate required αIIbβ3 binding, served as a negative control.Results: SPR demonstrated that integrin binding to immobilized cHarGD was rapid (kon ∼ 7 × 103 L/mol-sec at 25 oC), readily reversible (koff ∼ 10−2 sec−1), and specific (100-fold smaller signals with cHarGA). Eyring and van't Hoff analyses indicated that after overcoming an entropic barrier (ΔGao‡ 12 kcal/mol), both enthalpy and entropy favored assembly of the αIIbβ3:cHarGD complex (ΔG° - 8 kcal/mol). Preliminary DFS experiments (12 nN/sec loading rate) indicated that the rupture force of cHarGD:αIIbβ3 is about 300 pN. In control experiments, where the tip was functionalized with cHarGA or albumin, lower rupture forces of 225 pN and 170 pN were observed.Conclusions: Our SPR data indicate that entropy plays a major role in target recognition by integrin antagonists, a property shared by ∼25% of drug:receptor interactions. Our DFS data suggest that integrin:ligand interactions are stabilized by multivalent contacts between clustered receptors and pharmaceutical inhibitors.This study will provide the first complete picture of the landscape for integrin:ligand interactions, using temperature and force as thermodynamic variables to determine the energetics and nm scale on which bond disruption occurs.
Molecular structure of troponin C from chicken skeletal muscle at 3-angstrom resolution

The x-ray structure of chicken skeletal muscle troponin C (TnC), the Ca2+-binding subunit of the troponin complex, shows that the protein is about 70 angstroms long with an unusual dumbbell shape. The carboxyl and amino domains are separated by a single long alpha helix of about nine turns. Only the two high-affinity Ca2+-Mg2+ sites of the COOH-domain are occupied by metal ions resulting in conformational differences between the COOH- and NH2-domains. These differences are probably important in the triggering of muscle contraction by TnC. Also the structure of TnC is relevant in understanding the function of other calcium-regulated proteins, in particular that of calmodulin because of its strong similarity in amino acid sequence.
Structure and function of histone acetyltransferases.

Histone acetyltranferase (HAT) enzymes are the catalytic subunit of large multisubunit HAT complexes that acetylate the e-amino group of specific lysine residues on histone tails to promote transcriptional activation. Recent structural and functional studies on the divergent HAT enzymes Gcn5/PCAF, Esa1 and Hat1 have provided new insights into the underlying mechanism of histone binding and acetylation by HAT proteins. The three HAT enzymes contain a structurally conserved core domain that plays a functionally conserved role in binding the coenzyme A cofactor and in harboring the putative general base for catalysis. Structurally variable N- and C-terminal domains appear to contain a related scaffold that mediates histone substrate binding. These data provide a framework for understanding the structure and function of other more divergent HAT proteins such as TAFII250 and CBP/p300, and provides a starting point for understanding how HAT proteins may cooperate with other factors within in vivo HAT complexes to promote transcriptional activation.
High-pressure study of ferromagnetic UxM1-x (M = Pt, Ir) compounds

Measurements of the electrical resistivity under pressure to 20 kbar and the magnetization and specific heat at zero pressure were performed on the itinerant ferromagnetic compounds UxPt1-x (0.50≤x≤0.54) and UIr. The UxPt1-x materials order magnetically at TC1~18 K and TC2~27 K and the ordering temperatures exhibit a small pressure dependence. Above 10 kbar, only the lower-temperature phase is present. The Curie temperature of UIr, on the other hand, decreases from 47 K at ambient pressure to 27 K by 19 kbar, and the critical pressure PC for the complete suppression of ferromagnetism is estimated to be ~40 kbar. UPt and UIr obey the Kadowaki-Woods relation and have Wilson ratios of order unity and could be classified as moderately heavy-fermion ferromagnetic materials.
TWO REMARKS ON THE MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY OF AUTOMOBILE DRIVING.

In connection with a series of previous papers by this author (Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics,21, 299–308, 375–385;22, 257–262, 263–267;23, 19–29;24, 319–325) results obtained by A. Crawford (Economics 5, 417–428) on the effects of irrelevant lights on reaction times toward a given light stimulus are discussed. The conclusions from a previous paper of this author (Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics,23, 19–29) are elaborated.
The equilibrium detecting system of the cricket: Physiology and morphology of an identified interneuron

1. The clavate receptor-to-interneuron system of the cricket,Acheta domesticus, was investigated physiologically and morphologically. 2. Intracellular recordings made during controlled displacements of the cricket's cerci allowed the identification of a pair of position sensitive interneurons (PSIs). Changes in the position of the cerci resulted in modulation of the membrane potential and altered the action potential frequency recorded from the PSIs (Fig. 2). 3. Subsequent dye injection demonstrated that the PSIs were a bilaterally symmetric pair of interneurons that received their primary afferent input from club-shaped receptors, called clavate hairs (Fig. 1). The somata of the PSIs are located at the anterior edge of the terminal abdominal ganglion (Fig. 1 C), and the axons are located dorsolaterally in the connectives (Fig. 1 E). 4. Receptive fields for the interneurons were determined by recording the extracellular neural activity from the ventral nerve cord while simultaneously displacing the animal in various orientations. The PSI receptive fields were essentially mirror images, each predominantly occupying one quadrant when plotted in polar coordinates. The receptive fields for the left and right PSIs occupy the left posterior and right posterior quadrants respectively (Fig. 5). 5. Selective deletion of clavate hairs revealed that receptors located in the proximal, medial region of the clavate array provided the strongest input to the ipsilateral interneuron (Fig. 6). 6. Clavate sensory neuron terminal arborizations were stained in order to examine their relationship with the dendrites of the PSIs (Fig. 7).
Effect of septal and neocortical damage on complex maze learning

Abstract Rats with septal lesions did not differ from unoperated controls in the acquisition of the 12 problems of the Hebb-Williams series. Neocortically damaged animals were significantly impaired in maze learning as evidenced by longer running times and more errors over trials. These results cast doubt on current hypotheses that septal lesions result in an enhanced thirst motivation or loss of motor inhibition. These findings also point out the need to study the septal animal using complex behavioral tasks. The deficits found in the neocortically operated animals point to marked differences which exist between cortical and septal functioning in maze learning and suggest, as has been suspected, that the neocortex plays the crucial role in complex problem solving.
Bridging global divides? Strategic framing and solidarity in transnational social movement organizations

A growing body of research has revealed a rapid expansion in transnational organizing and activism, but we know relatively little about the qualitative changes these transnational ties represent. Using surveys of transnational social movement organizations (TSMOs) and additional case study material, this paper examines the extent to which these organizations have been able to articulate strategic frames that motivate global level organizing and collective action. The analysis also investigates how inequities between the global North and South affect TSMO solidarity. Key findings are that, while TSMOs have helped expand routine communications among geographically dispersed memberships, there is also evidence that they have developed new skills for managing the differences that characterize such memberships. But gaps between Northern and Southern members persist, particularly regarding groups' abilities to relate local concerns to global level campaigns. Another concern is that, while TSMOs help integrate new groups into global political processes, expanding participation in global activism may foster even greater diversity and conflict among social change groups working in global arenas. Transnational groups have been better at cultivating shared understandings of the problems they address than at building consensus around a shared response to these problems.
Microelectrode studies of the Li/Li+ couple in low molecular weight liquid polyether electrolytes☆

Abstract Potential sweep and potential step experiments were carried out using a nickel microelectrode (50 μm diameter) to study the kinetics of the Li/Li+ couple as well as lithium reactivity and passivation in poly (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether) (PEGM, MW=400) containing LiAsF6, LiCF3SO3, and LiBr. Kinetic parameters such as exchange current density, transfer coefficient, and the activation energy of the charge transfer reaction were obtained. It was found that lithium reactivity in PEGM solution containing LiBr is much higher than in that containing LiAsF6 or LiCF3SO3. Lithium passivation appears to result from its reaction with the reducible anion, AsF−6 or CF3SO−3, and a passivation mechanism is suggested.
Regional Pancreatic Concentration and In-vitro Secretion of Canine Pancreatic Polypeptide, Insulin, and Glucagon

The regional concentrations and in-vitro secretions of canine pancreatic polypeptide (cPP), insulin, and glucagon were studied. CPP is found predominantly in the uncinate process of the dog pancreas, whereas insulin and, more markedly, glucagon predominate in the body and tail of the pancreas. In-vitro secretion studies of pancreatic pieces indicate that dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dcAMP) alone can stimulate cPP release whereas glucose and arginine alone have no effect. Arginine, but not glucose, potentiates this stimulant effect of dcAMP. These studies suggest that the cAMP generating system may play a role in regulation of cPP secretion.
When [professional] worlds collide: implications of Kasky v. Nike for corporate reputation management

Abstract A report aired on the CBS news magazine 48 Hours in October, 1996 that accused Nike of exploiting lax labor laws in developing countries and engaging in business practices that would be at least questionable (if not actually illegal) if followed in the United States. This article discusses the controversy caused by the efforts of Nike, Inc. to defend its good name that culminated in the California Supreme Court's decision in Kasky v. Nike. The authors then examine the changed landscape of protection this case creates for public relations speech and expressive conduct, especially in situations dealing with reputation management by for-profit corporations.
THE CORE IN FUZZY SPATIAL MODELS

Predictions concerning voting outcomes in crisp spatial models rely heavily on the existence of a core, in the absence of which political players choosing among a set of alternatives by majority rule will not be able to arrive at a stable choice. No matter which option they might initially choose, most voting rules will permit another option to defeat the previously chosen one. Such problems particularly plague majority rule spatial models at dimensionalities greater than one. In a series of recent papers, we have argued that fuzzy spatial models offer a partial solution to this problem. In this paper, we explore the existence of a fuzzy core. Our major conclusion is that a fuzzy core is more likely in two or more dimensions as the number of players increases.
From the Editor-in-Chief: Scope Expansion and New Editor-in-Chief for 2014.

JMBE Editor-in-Chief Christopher Woolverton reflects on all that the Journal has accomplished in the last five years and announces two exciting changes for 2014 and beyond: an expansion of the Journal’s scope and a change in leadership.
L'Ecole de formation de l'Ingénierie Nucléaire de Framatome ANP

La necessite de former de nombreux Ingenieurs de Conduite et d'Essai pour le demarrage des tranches du parc EDF, puis l'accident de Three Mile Island, qui a mis en lumiere le besoin d'exposer au procede les ingenieurs d'etude, ont conduit Framatome ANP a structurer un pole de formation au REP qui a rapidement connu le succes au-dela de l'entreprise et meme a l'export. Un des pivots de cette structure de formation est le simulateur d'etude en temps reel SAF.
Violation of Midplane Symmetry in Bending Magnets

Charged particle optics has traditionally been based on the concept of midplane symmetry. Accelerators, beamlines, and spectrometers are often midplane symmetric in their entirety. Departures from midplane symmetry are usually obtained by rotating midplane symmetric components about a longitudinal axis. Misalignments and magnet imperfections introduce non midplane symmetric components into a beam line. Vertical steering and correction of the effect of errors can be accomplished through the deliberate introduction of midplane symmetry violating components in bending magnets. We have worked out the equations of motion and derived the transfer matrix for bending magnets with small midplane symmetry violating field components. The solutions are linearized in the non midplane symmetric magnetic field components.
Gastroenterologists’ perceived barriers to optimal pre-colonoscopy bowel preparation: Results of a national survey

Poor quality bowel preparation has been reported in almost one third of all colonoscopies. To better understand factors associated with poor bowel preparation, we explored perceived patient barriers to optimal pre-colonoscopy bowel preparation from the perspective of the gastroenterologist. A random sample of physician members of the American College of Gastroenterology was surveyed via the internet and postal mailing. Demographic and practice characteristics and practice-related and perceived patient barriers to optimal bowel preparation were assessed among 288 respondents. Lack of time, no patient education reimbursement, and volume of information were not associated with physician level of suboptimal bowel preparation. Those reporting ≥ 10 % suboptimal bowel preparations were more likely to believe patients lack understanding of the importance of following instructions, have problems with diet, and experience trouble tolerating the purgative. Bowel preparation instruction communication and unmet patient educational needs contribute to suboptimal bowel preparation. Educational interventions should address both practice and patient-related factors.
Management of natural hazards in Europe: The role of spatial planning in selected EU member states

Abstract This paper presents the results of an assessment made as a part of the research project, Applied Multi-Risk Mapping of Natural Hazards for Impact Assessment (ARMONIA). The aim was to identify which aspects in the so-called disaster management cycle are covered by spatial planning in planning practice in the European Union's member states of Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain and the UK. In contrast to the initial hypothesis, the analysis of planning practice has shown that the role of spatial planning in risk assessment and management in many ways has been overestimated. The results have shown that spatial planning is only one of many actors in risk management and that it is, in general, not involved in risk assessment. Further, multi-risk assessment approaches are not used in planning practice, risk indicators are hardly used and vulnerability indicators are not at all used. The paper will interpret these surprising results and will answer the question of the role of spatial ...
Scalable web page entanglement

We present a proxy-based system for augmenting the capabilities of the World Wide Web. Our system adds two-way association links and automatically removes these links when they break, while the existing web features only one-way links and lingering broken links. Several web augmentation systems have been developed in the past that add two-way links. Our key contribution is in terms of link management, which in our system is dynamic and completely automatic. Links between web pages are added and removed according to popular web traversal paths, freeing both page owners and readers from the burden of link creation and maintenance. Links can form between pages that do not link to each other at all, reflecting the fact that readers have associated these pages with each other-we described such pages as entangled.We use variations on common peer-to-peer techniques to build a scalable system out of a dynamic set of proxy peers. Proxy-to-proxy communication takes place entirely over HTTP, ensuring compatibility with existing infrastructures.A working implementation of our system is available at http://tangle.sourceforge.net/
Design Curve for Beams under Impact Loading

« N exact treatment of the structural impact problem is difficult because of the complicated dynamic behavior and stress field in the contact zone. Even numerical finiteelement calculations are tedious and time-consuming. Many simplified approximate analytical models have been proposed in the past, but most are considered inaccurate and of little use to designers. In this paper, we have studied six analytical models for central impact of a simply supported beam, and compared the results with experiments. We have shown that the maximum strain in the beam can be calculated approximately from a simple formula, or a single design curve. For a large impactor mass? the controlling parameter is the ratio of structural mass to impactor mass; the strain is linearly proportional to impact velocity and inversely proportional to the square root of the mass ratio.
Navigating Dante's inferno: Creation of signatures for the rapid detection of heamorraghic fever agents

size ranges can easily be pooled and loaded in a single capillary. However, the resulting complexity of the pooling schemes and the amount of data generated require an automated workflow for acquisition and processing of fragment files. Moreover, it is well-known that fragment sizes, compared between two genotyping laboratories using capillary electrophoresis (CE), can differ considerably because different laboratories may use different CE machines and running conditions. Methods: Data processing: The software handles any pooling strategy (combination of dyes and size-compatible VNTRs) which can be parsed from the file name. Thus, each VNTR is defined by a pool, dye and expected size range, defined by the repeat length, offset and expected copy range. Using that information the software will automatically screen (in batch) all theoretical ranges for each VNTR and report on the peak(s) found (or not) in those ranges. Results: The resulting VNTR information is stored in integer-type character sets where each VNTR represents one character. For comparisons within the same laboratory or between laboratories with compatible instruments and procedures, the software allows the user to handle calculations based on an expected band size range, depending on the known offset, repeat length, expected copy number variation and a user-defined tolerance. In order to deal with a possible experimental size shift linked to the CE system used, a custom ‘mapping’ tool was developed, allowing observed sizes for a specific instrument to be mapped to real sizes and exact copy numbers. Conclusion: Data analysis: VNTR data can be analyzed as categorical characters (each different copy number is a different allele) or as quantitative characters. In the latter case, the larger the difference between copy numbers, the less related the organisms are considered. The Minimum Spanning Tree algorithm applied on VNTR data in BioNumerics has proven to be extremely useful for epidemiological study and population genetics.
Pharmacogenomics of Tamoxifen: Ready for Prime Time?

Tamoxifen is the most common hormonal therapy prescribed to women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen requires metabolic activation by the CYP2D6 enzyme to form its active metabolite endoxifen. However, the activity of CYP2D6 is highly variable. Women who are poor metabolizers due to genetic polymorphisms in the gene encoding for a null or low activity enzyme or due to concomitant use of a potent inhibitor have a significantly lower concentration of endoxifen compared with those with one or two wild-type genes (intermediate or extensive metabolizers, respectively). The past few years have seen a spurt in studies evaluating the role of CYP2D6 genotype as a predictor of tamoxifen-associated outcomes. Although the majority of studies have reported a positive association between poor metabolizers of CYP2D6 and worse breast cancer outcomes among women taking adjuvant tamoxifen, other studies have reported opposite results. Due to the retrospective nature and other limitations associated with the majority of studies published to date, the standard incorporation of CYP2D6 genotype testing of all women who are candidates for tamoxifen cannot be recommended. Nevertheless, there are certain circumstances where CYP2D6 testing might be helpful, and the decision should be individualized. Importantly, tamoxifen users should avoid the concomitant use of potent CYP2D6 inhibitors, such as paroxetine, and consider non-inhibitors, such as venlafaxine, for hot flashes or psychiatric conditions. A deeper understanding of interaction between host polymorphisms, tumor biology, and environmental factors will optimize the therapeutic potential of tamoxifen and successfully transform the promise of personalized medicine into reality.
Distribution of phenolic solutes between water and non-polar organic solvents

Abstract Distribution coefficients at high dilution are reported at 298.15 K for phenol, m-cresol, 3,4-xylenol, pyrocatechol, resorcinol, and o-chlorophenol between water and butyl acetate or methyl isobutyl ketone. The effect of mass fraction of solute on the distribution coefficient of phenol was measured at 298.15 and 318.15 K in butyl acetate and at 298.15 K in methyl isobutyl ketone and in isopropyl ether. Similar measurements in butyl acetate at 298.15 K were made for resorcinol. In addition, distribution coefficients were measured for the organic solvents in the presence of phenolic solute. Thermodynamic analysis of the results is based on the theory of associated solutions. In highly polar organic solvents the distribution coefficient of phenolic solute falls with rising mass fraction of solute; however, the opposite trend prevails when the solvent is a hydrocarbon. The results of this work may be useful for the design of extraction processes for water-pollution abatement or for solute recovery.
On the steady flow of gas from the nuclei of Seyfert galaxies

Heating of gas energy released during explosive events produces hot winds in Seyfert nuclei. Steady-state solutions indicate that supersonic velocities up to about 800 km per sec are obtainable. Lyman continuum radiation emitted by the wind ionizes and maintains temperature of cooler gas clouds seen in emission, and dominates energy losses during early stages of expansion. A study of stability of the thermal equilibrium state leads to a two-component model: a hot stable phase (the wind), in pressure equilibrium with a cooler stable phase (clouds). Extreme variations in cloud electron densities are a consequence of the steep decrease with radius of external pressure. Cloud dynamics are related to the radius of formation and internal parameters. Permitted lines of H are emitted by high-density clouds formed at the base of the wind, while forbidden lines arise in radially moving clouds, produced throughout the wind.
Silica xerogel supported cobalt metal Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for syngas to diesel range fuel conversion

Fischer−Tropsch synthesis of diesel range straight-chain hydrocarbons from CO and H2 over a cobalt nanoparticle catalyst supported by a mesoporous silica xerogel is reported. A possible advantage of sol−gel-derived catalyst supports is the tunability of their porosity to favor synthesis of diesel range hydrocarbons. The preparation of the xerogel supports, optimal loading of the supports with cobalt, the percent conversion of syngas to Fischer−Tropsch hydrocarbons, a gas chromatography−mass spectrometry analysis of the diesel range product distribution, and characterization of the catalysts are reported.
Modeling Human Guidance Behavior Based on Patterns in Agent–Environment Interactions

This paper presents the foundations for the analysis and modeling of human guidance behavior that is based on the emergent patterns in the closed-loop agent-environment dynamics. The central hypothesis is that these patterns, which can be explained in terms of invariants inherent to the closed-loop dynamics, provide the building blocks for the organization of human guidance behavior. The concept of interaction patterns is first introduced using a toy example and then detailed formally using dynamical system and control principles. This paper then demonstrates the existence and significance of interaction patterns in human guidance behavior that is based on data collected using guidance experiments with a miniature helicopter. The results confirm that human guidance behavior indeed exhibits invariances as defined by interaction patterns. The trajectories that are associated with each interaction pattern are then further decomposed by applying piecewise linear identification. The resulting elements are then combined under a hierarchical model that provides a natural and formal description of human guidance behavior.
Unsteady flow in a supercritical supersonic diffuser

Analyse par des methodes asymptotiques de l'ecoulement instationnaire a travers un diffuseur supersonique bidimensionnel avec une onde de choc normale. On considere deux regimes: l'un correspondant a l'ecoulement fondamentalement instationnaire, le second a l'ecoulement quasistationnaire. On presente une solution unifiee contenant les deux regimes
E-NTPase/NTPDase: potential role as a regulatory element in inflammation

Inflammation is a process culminated by cellular components and soluble mediators act in concert to evolve a sustainable process to impart distress in vascularized tissue. Among the contributors, extracellular nucleotides are prominent in PMN granule release (degranulation); chemotaxis, enhanced expression of adhesion molecule on the surface of PMN. However, co-stimulatory effectors such as chemokines are required for the extracellular nucleotide-induced maximal effect in inflammation. Enzymes, which degrade the extracellular nucleotide(s), could potentially attenuate or minimize the extracellular nucleotide(s) induced effect by degradation.
Identification and behavior of epithelial stem cells in the Drosophila ovary

Throughout their lives, adult Drosophila females continuously produce oocytes, each surrounded by an epithelial monolayer of follicle cells. To characterize the somatic stem cells that give rise to ovarian follicle cells, we marked dividing cells using FLP-catalyzed mitotic recombination and analyzed the resulting clones. Each ovariole in young females contains, on average, two somatic stem cells located near the border of germarium regions 2a and 2b. The somatic stem cells do not coordinate their divisions either with each other or with the germline stem cells. As females age, initially mosaic ovarioles become monoclonal, indicating that functional somatic stem cells have a finite life span. Analysis of agametic flies revealed that somatic cells continue to divide in the absence of a germline. Under these conditions, the somatic stem cells develop near the tip of the ovariole (the normal site of the germline stem cells), and a subpopulation of somatic cells that normally separates the germline and somatic stem cells is missing.
A curriculum infusion module for an undergraduate course in psychology of substance abuse1

Summary Curriculum Infusion is the process of integrating information about alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse prevention into the curriculum of regularly taught courses. In this brief note a novel curriculum infusion module is presented, as developed for an undergraduate course entitled Psychology of Substance Abuse. The module consisted of two sub-modules: (1) eliciting risk estimates for various substances and then attempting to re-norm students' risk perceptions by discussing discrepancies between students' estimates and risk estimates reported in the literature, and (2) asking students to maintain an alcohol expectancy diary for seven consecutive days in which they recorded all of the sources and types of alcohol expectancy information that they encountered. The role of expectancies in influencing personal alcohol use behavior was highlighted and strategies for weakening the link between expectancies and alcohol use were considered.