cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated diagnosis of pneumoconiosis (black lung): A feasibility study

The feasibility of automatic diagnosis of pneumoconiosis using digital image analysis techniques was investigated. Normal/abnormal diagnosis was done first. Differential diagnosis was not attempted at this stage. Normal/abnormal classification scheme is based on a technique which makes use of individual lung lobe histograms. The magnitude of the first relative peak in the normalized histogram indicates the extent of the nodular patterns that characterize pneumoconiosis. For the abnormal lung lobe this value is higher than that for a normal one. This criterion is used for normal/abnormal classification. The results are encouraging enough to propose an automated pneumoconiosis diagnosis system. Differential diagnosis will be attempted by analyzing the nodular lung pattern. The size, number, and location of the nodularities will be used for differential diagnosis.
Study of Charge Kinetics in Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Cells

Model predictions of half-cell voltages, current, and gassing behavior are compared to experimental results of valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) cells to elucidate the charge mechanisms. Good comparisons of experimental Pb half-cell voltages with model predictions confirm the importance of liquid-phase Pb 2+ transport early during charge. In the latter stages of Pb-electrode charge, limitations in the PbSO 4 dissolution rate are more important than those of Pb 2+ transport and control charge behavior. Model predictions with an analogous mechanism for the PbO 2 electrode (i.e., involving dissolution and Pb 2+ transport) were not consistent with the charge polarization behavior, since comparisons of experimental half-cell voltages with model results were poor. Satisfactory comparisons with a model that incorporates a solid-state PbO 2 charge mechanism confirmed the insignificance of dissolution and transport in PbO 2 charging. The good agreement between model and experimental current behavior during the constant-voltage portion of charge support our conclusions regarding the electrode charging mechanisms. Conditions under which to expect charging difficulties as well as improved charge regimes are also discussed. The model also predicted the characteristic double-peak gas-flow behavior seen when charging VRLA cells with constant current to a specific voltage lid. The first peak is due to the onset of significant amounts of O 2 generation even though the internal residual gas is dominantly H 2 . The second peak is due to the onset of H 2 evolution.
Elderly persons without family support networks and use of health services. A follow-up report on social network relationships.

This article compares the use of health services by a random sample of 394 noninstitutionalized elderly. Elderly persons without family used hospital emergency rooms (ER) 7 to 30 times more often than elderly persons with family in the area. Differences among them for physicians' visits or hospital utilization, however, were not statistically significant. Because elderly without family in the area had similar health status as elderly with family, absence of family access to a lay referral system is thought to be the principal reason for increased use of ER services, especially for nonurgent care.
Evolution of structure and morphology during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanosheets

The evolution of structure and morphology of carbon nanosheets during radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. Nanosheets consist of mostly vertically-aligned graphene layer stacks, 1 to > 20 layers thick, which attain approximately 5-μm lengths after 120 min of growth. XRD indicates these nanosheets contain both turbostratic and non-turbostratic graphite, and that the average thickness of nanosheets in all orientations increases with deposition time. Increases in thickness are accompanied by decreases in graphene layer spacing, a trend attributed to an increase in long-range attractive interatomic forces as more graphene layers are added. In-plane XRD scans demonstrate that preferred nanosheet orientation changes from parallel to perpendicular, relative to the substrate surface, with increasing deposition time.
Public construction in the United States

This paper analyses the patterns of public sector construction expenditure in the United States for the 1957–1985 period. Expenditure trends of six categories of public works are analysed at three regional scales. Demand and supply factors influencing capital expenditures are briefly interpreted.
Hydrogenation reactions of model titanium compounds under coal liquefaction conditions

Used catalyst and reactor deposits from a fixed-bed coal liquefaction unit show high concentrations of titanium and boron. The titanium was present as anatase, a titania polymorph. Hydrogenation reactions with and without catalyst were performed with model titanium and boron compounds under liquefaction conditions. The catalyst used was Harshaw 0402T 3% CoO - 15% MoO/sub 3/ on an alumina-silica support. Rutile remained unchanged by reactor conditions. In all other runs the titanium starting material, whether organic or inorganic in nature, converted to anatase. When the deposition of the reaction products was monitored, only that anatase derived from organic titanium compounds accumulated on and in the catalyst pellets to an appreciable extent.
A quick and reliable screening measure for OCD in youth: reliability and validity of the obsessive compulsive scale of the Child Behavior Checklist.

Background: The high prevalence and morbidity of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in youth, the secretive nature of the disorder leading to under-recognition, and the lack of specialized child psychiatry services in many areas suggest that a simple, quick, and reliable screening tool to identify cases could be very useful to clinicians who work with children. Method: We used 8 items from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), an empirically derived instrument free of clinician bias, to investigate the usefulness of a previously reported CBCL-based obsessive compulsive scale (OCS) by Nelson et al [Nelson EC, Hanna GL, Hudziak JJ, Botteron KN, Heath AC, Todd RD. Obsessive-compulsive scale of the Child Behavior Checklist: Specificity, sensitivity, and predictive power. Pediatrics 2001;108(1):E14] in a separate cohort of youth with OCD. We computed the psychometric properties of the OCS in our sample of youth with OCD and in psychiatric and normal controls, and compared these to the published values. Results: Using the recommended cutoff between the 60th and 70th percentiles of the OCS to best predict the presence of OCD, we found very high sensitivity (92%-78%), specificity (86%-94%), negative predictive value (96%-90%), and positive predictive value (77%-86%). Conclusions: The OC scale of the CBCL shows good reliability and validity and acceptable psychometric properties to help discriminate youth with OCD.
A microsomal fatty acid synthetase coupled to acyl-CoA reductase in Euglena gracilis.

Abstract Microsomal particles from dark-grown Euglena gracilis incorporated malonyl-CoA into fatty acids and fatty alcohols in the presence of acetyl-CoA, NADH, NADPH, and ATP with an optimum pH of 8.0. Schmidt degradation of the individual fatty acids derived from [l,3- 14 C]malonyl-CoA showed that the microsomal fatty acid synthesis was a de novo type. Detailed analysis of the products formed in the absence of various cofactors showed that the role of ATP was specifically in the formation of fatty alcohols and that fatty acid reduction specifically required NADH. The major aliphatic chains synthesized by the microsomes were C 16 , C 18 , and C 14 in both the acyl portions and alcohols. Although relative concentrations of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA influenced the chain length distribution of products, C 16 remained the major product in both the alcohol and the acid fractions. Effects of NADPH and NADH concentrations on malonyl-CoA incorporation suggested that the two reductive steps involved in the microsomal fatty acid synthesis have different pyridine nucleotide specificity. The apparent K m for malonyl-CoA was 4.2 × 10 −4 m . Based on the experimental results a mechanism is suggested by which carbon is channeled into wax esters under conditions of nutritional abundance in dark-grown E. gracilis .
The Minister and Mental Illness

Focusing on what I present to students on the first day of a seminary class on mental illness, this article cites six reasons why seminary students should learn about mental illness. In addition to noting that they are likely to have many experiences in their ministries of persons who are suffering from a mental illness, I also note the likelihood that some members of the class have experienced mental or emotional illnesses in their lives. These introductory comments emphasize the role that ministers may play in the prevention of mental illness and in supporting persons in the process of rehabilitation. The various roles that pastors may play in relation to mental illness are noted. Finally, I point out that, in the official roster of patron saints, mental illnesses are vastly underrepresented among the illnesses to which human beings are susceptible.
Nitric Oxide Modulates Bacterial Biofilm Formation through a Multicomponent Cyclic-di-GMP Signaling Network

Nitric oxide (NO) signaling in vertebrates is well characterized and involves the heme-nitric oxide/oxygen-binding (H-NOX) domain of soluble guanylate cyclase as a selective NO sensor. In contrast, little is known about the biological role or signaling output of bacterial H-NOX proteins. Here, we describe a molecular pathway for H-NOX signaling in Shewanella oneidensis. NO stimulates biofilm formation by controlling the levels of the bacterial secondary messenger cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). Phosphotransfer profiling was used to map the connectivity of a multicomponent signaling network that involves integration from two histidine kinases and branching to three response regulators. A feed-forward loop between response regulators with phosphodiesterase domains and phosphorylation-mediated activation intricately regulated c-di-GMP levels. Phenotypic characterization established a link between NO signaling and biofilm formation. Cellular adhesion may provide a protection mechanism for bacteria against reactive and damaging NO. These results are broadly applicable to H-NOX-mediated NO signaling in bacteria.
A canonical approach to assessing occupational mobility matrices

Abstract This paper develops a summary measure of occupational persistence which does not require translating the occupational categories into status scale scores. The measure is based on the mean of the squared canonical correlations extracted from a general mobility matrix. The procedure is employed to assess the impact of rapid regional economic diversification on the movement of labor within the occupational structure.
On generating compact test sequences for synchronous sequential circuits

We present a procedure to generate short test sequences for synchronous sequential circuits described at the gate level. Short test sequences are important in reducing test application time and memory requirements. The proposed procedure constructs a test sequence using a combination of fault-independent and fault-oriented criteria. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Use of adaptive methods in premixed combustion

This paper investigates the application of spatially adaptive numerical methods in the solution of one-dimensional premixed combustion problems. The selection of grid points by equidistribution of positive weight functions across consecutive mesh intervals is considered. The method is applied in the solution of a steady premixed laminar flame problem a a time-dependent freely propagating flame problem. The adaptive numerical results are compared with corresponding equispaced calculations.
A visual query language for identifying temporal trends in video data

Video is becoming a popular medium for data collection. The challenge of analyzing video data is to abstract and conclude quantitative results from such a rich, qualitative medium. The focus of our research is to support video analysis by developing a user-friendly interactive visualization environment to query video data using spatio-temporal characteristics and to review visual results for trend analysis. We present our approach for identifying temporal trends in video data via querying for relationships between video annotations. Our approach allows users to analyze the video in terms of temporal relationships between events (e.g., events of type B frequently follow events of type A). We present a temporal visual query language for specifying relative temporal queries between sets of annotations. This query language builds on the notion of dynamic query filters and significantly extends them with temporal query support. It is tailored for temporal analysis-allowing users to pose queries as well as to browse the data in a temporally continuous manner, thereby aiding them in the discovery of temporal trends.
THE DIPOLE MOMENT IN THE LOWEST SINGLET π*→π STATE OF INDOLE DETERMINED BY THE OPTICAL STARK EFFECT*

— A Stark effect is observed in the rotational fine structure of the 0–0 band of the lowest π*π state of indole. This yields a dipole moment change |ΔμA| = 0·14±0·05. D. Evidence is presented which indicates that the sign of ΔμA is positive. An increase of dipole moment on excitation is in agreement with the value (+ 0·06 D) corresponding to the previously calculated orbitals of Song and Kurtin. The direction of the transition moment, calculated from the results of rotational analysis published by Mani and Lombardi, is found to be 26° from the molecular A-axis.
PROTEIN FORMATION IN DEVELOPING SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L. MERR.) SEEDS AND ITS RESISTANCE TO WATER STRESS

SUMMARY Storage protein synthesis in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seeds is highly resistant to water stress. Seeds of plants deprived of adequate water for normal growth gained the same amount of storage protein as those of well-watered controls. Cotyledons isolated from these plants synthesized storage protein when immersed in nutrient solution, or in water, or when stored in dry, sterile containers. These findings imply that a large non-protein nitrogen reserve exists in seeds which is used to synthesize storage protein during development.
When ‘good’ conflicts go bad: Testing a frame-building model on embeds’ attitudes toward government news management in the Iraq War:

Scholars have debated how successful the government was in managing coverage of the ground war in Iraq through the embed system, but few have surveyed the embedded journalists themselves to discover the degree they believe their press freedom was restricted. This study compares results from a survey conducted of embedded journalists in late 2005 and early 2006 to one conducted in early 2004 to examine whether embeds’ opinions toward press freedom have changed over time and whether they believe government news management has increased as criticism of the Iraq War has increased and public support has declined. It also tests the hierarchy-of-influences model by examining the degree to which individual, journalism routines, external and cultural factors significantly predict attitudes toward press freedom and perceptions of censorship after controlling for demographics and political ideology.
Feedbacks in human-landscape systems.

This article identifies key questions and challenges for geomorphologists in investigating coupled feedbacks in human–landscape systems. While feedbacks occur in the absence of human influences, they are also altered by human activity. Feedbacks are a key element to understanding human-influenced geomorphic systems in ways that extend our traditional approach of considering humans as unidirectional drivers of change. Feedbacks have been increasingly identified in Earth-environmental systems, with studies of coupled human–natural systems emphasizing ecological phenomena in producing emerging concepts for social–ecological systems. Enormous gaps or uncertainties in knowledge remain with respect to understanding impact-feedback loops within geomorphic systems with significant human alterations, where the impacted geomorphic systems in turn affect humans. Geomorphology should play an important role in public policy by identifying the many diffuse and subtle feedbacks of both local- and global-scale processes. This role is urgent, while time may still be available to mitigate the impacts that limit the sustainability of human societies. Challenges for geomorphology include identification of the often weak feedbacks that occur over varied time and space scales ranging from geologic time to single isolated events and very short time periods, the lack of available data linking impact with response, the identification of multiple thresholds that trigger feedback mechanisms, the varied tools and metrics needed to represent both physical and human processes, and the need to collaborate with social scientists with expertise in the human causes of geomorphic change, as well as the human responses to such change.
Serine 68 of phospholemman is critical in modulation of contractility, [Ca2+]i transients, and Na+/Ca2+ exchange in adult rat cardiac myocytes

Overexpression of phospholemman (PLM) in normal adult rat cardiac myocytes altered contractile function and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis and inhibited Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1...
Self-Initiated Status Transfer: A Theory of Status Gain and Status Loss

In collectively oriented task groups in which people are differentiated on status, the status characteristics tend to determine the relative power and prestige position of the group members. The current study suggests that it may be possible for a task group member, using his or her association with an accepted higher status “source,” to influence other members of an equal status group. The authors examine influence patterns in task groups when one group member is associated with a higher status person or source. Forty undergraduate students participated in a standardized experiment in which both the participants and their partners were equally low in status. Results indicate that being associated with a high-status, high-ability non-group member raises the status of an otherwise low-status partner.
Platelets as initiators and mediators of inflammation at the vessel wall

Platelets are dynamic cells with activities that extend beyond thrombosis including an important role in initiating and sustaining vascular inflammation. A role for platelets has been described in many physiologic and pathophysiologic processes such as atherosclerosis, stem cell trafficking, tumor metastasis, and arthritis. Platelet activation at sites of an intact inflamed endothelium contributes to vascular inflammation and vascular wall remodeling. Platelets secrete a wide array of preformed and synthesized inflammatory mediators upon activation that can exert significant local and systemic effects. This review will focus on the role of platelet derived mediators in vascular inflammation and vascular wall remodeling.
A Maize Glutaredoxin Gene, Abphyl2, Regulates Shoot Meristem Size and Phyllotaxy

Phyllotaxy describes the geometric arrangement of leaves and is important for plant productivity. Auxin is well known to regulate phyllotactic patterns via PIN1-dependent auxin polar transport, and studies of maize (Zea mays) aberrant phyllotaxy1 (abph1) mutants suggest the importance of auxin and cytokinin signaling for control of phyllotaxy. However, whether additional regulators control these patterns is poorly understood. Here, we report a new dominant maize mutant, Aberrant phyllotaxy2 (Abph2), in which the shoot meristems are enlarged and the phyllotactic pattern switches from alternate to decussate. Map-based cloning revealed that the Abph2 mutation was caused by transposition of a glutaredoxin gene, MALE STERILE CONVERTED ANTHER1 (MSCA1), which gained an altered expression pattern in Abph2 mutant embryos. msca1 loss-of-function mutants have reduced meristem size and revealed a novel function of glutaredoxins in meristem growth. In addition, MSCA1 interacts with a TGA transcription factor, FASCIATED EAR4, suggesting a novel regulatory module for regulating shoot meristem size.
Centrosome-dependent asymmetric inheritance of the midbody ring in Drosophila germline stem cell division

Many stem cells, including Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs), divide asymmetrically, producing one stem cell and one differentiating daughter. Cytokinesis is often asymmetric, in that only one daughter cell inherits the midbody ring (MR) upon completion of abscission even in apparently symmetrically dividing cells. However, whether the asymmetry in cytokinesis correlates with cell fate or has functional relevance has been poorly explored. Here we show that the MR is asymmetrically segregated during GSC divisions in a centrosome age-dependent manner: male GSCs, which inherit the mother centrosome, exclude the MR, whereas female GSCs, which we here show inherit the daughter centrosome, inherit the MR. We further show that stem cell identity correlates with the mode of MR inheritance. Together our data suggest that the MR does not inherently dictate stem cell identity, although its stereotypical inheritance is under the control of stemness and potentially provides a platform for asymmetric segregation of certain factors.
Applications of Nanophotonics to Classical and Quantum Information Technology

Moore's Law has set great expectations that the performance/price ratio of commercially available semiconductor devices will continue to improve exponentially at least until the end of the next decade. Although the physics of nanoscale silicon transistors alone would allow these expectations to be met, the physics of the metal wires that connect these transistors will soon place stringent limits on the performance of integrated circuits. We will describe a Si-compatible global interconnect architecture - based on chip-scale optical wavelength division multiplexing - that could precipitate an "optical Moore's Law" and allow exponential performance gains until the transistors themselves become the bottleneck. Based on similar fabrication techniques and technologies, we will also present an approach to an optically-coupled quantum information processor for computation beyond Moore's Law, encouraging the development of practical applications of quantum information technology for commercial utilization.
PERCEPTION OF AMBIGUOUS FIGURE-GROUND PATTERNS AS A FUNCTION OF PAST EXPERIENCE

The role of past experience in influencing the perception of an ambiguous figure-ground (FG) was studied. The task was to state whether the left or right halves of FGs were seen as figures. For 15 ...
A Longitudinal Study of Vaginal Douching and Bacterial Vaginosis—A Marginal Structural Modeling Analysis

The etiology of bacterial vaginosis is unknown, and there are no long-term therapies for preventing this frequently recurring condition. Vaginal douching has been reported to be associated with bacterial vaginosis in observational studies. However, this association may be due to confounding by indication--that is, confounding by women douching in response to vaginal symptoms associated with bacterial vaginosis. The authors used marginal structural modeling to estimate the causal effect of douching on bacterial vaginosis risk while controlling for this confounding effect. In 1999-2002, nonpregnant women (n = 3,620) were recruited into a prospective study when they visited one of 12 public health clinics in Birmingham, Alabama, for routine care. Participants were assessed quarterly for 1 year. Bacterial vaginosis was based on a Nugent's Gram stain score of 7 or higher. Thirty-two percent of participants douched in every study interval, and 43.0% never douched. Of the 12,349 study visits, 40.2% were classified as involving bacterial vaginosis. The relative risk for regular douching as compared with no douching was 1.21 (95% confidence interval: 1.08, 1.38). These findings indicate that douching confers increased risk of disruption of vaginal flora. In the absence of a large randomized trial, these findings provide the best evidence to date for a risk of bacterial vaginosis associated with douching.
Banks and the Asian Crisis

For me, the papers in this session skirt around the central lesson of the Asian crisis: that banks still matter, enormously. In the United States, the capital markets dominate the credit markets, and only twenty-two percent of the indebtedness of American enterprise is to banks. In Asia, eighty percent or more of the indebtedness of enterprise is to the banks. The United States suffered a recession when banks were afraid to lend in 1990–91; for Asia, the disabling of the banks means the dismantling of the economy.
Relative Futility: Limits to Genetic Privacy Protection Because of the Inability to Prevent Disclosure of Genetic Information by Relatives

This Note considers possible limits to reasonable expectations of genetic privacy given that people share their DNA sequences with their relatives. Most scholars and members of the general public believe that an individual’s DNA sequence is an intensely personal matter and that access to this information should be tightly controlled. This Note considers both legal means by which it might be possible to protect genetic privacy, including recent statutory approaches such as the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, and reasons why individuals might want to keep genetic information private. It also examines situations in which genetic privacy might have negative consequences, as when keeping genetic information confidential might prevent relatives from being tested or treated for diseases for which they are also at risk. The Note also examines limits to genetic privacy, including the fact that genetic information is a shared attribute with DNA sequences shared by relatives, and technologies that have increased the ability to identify the source of DNA samples obtained for research and forensic purposes. The Note argues that, rather than focusing attention on attempts to protect genetic privacy itself, legislative efforts should instead be directed toward preventing the greater harm of genetic discrimination in employment and insurance settings. It suggests that one way to halt improper uses of personal genetic information would, by analogy to the Fair Credit Reporting Act, allow individuals to determine who had obtained access to their personal genetic information and the reasons this access had been sought. By bringing uses of genetic information into the open, individuals should be empowered to reduce the use of genetic information for discriminatory purposes, even if complete confidentiality cannot be maintained.
Return to Sports and Physical Activities After Primary Partial Arthrodesis for Lisfranc Injuries in Young Patients

Background:Research regarding outcomes in sports and physical activities after primary partial arthrodesis for Lisfranc injuries has been sparse. The purposes of this study were to assess various s...
Sustained release of active chemotherapeutics from injectable-solid β-hairpin peptide hydrogel†

MAX8 β-hairpin peptide hydrogel is a solid, preformed gel that can be syringe injected due to shear-thinning properties and can recover solid gel properties immediately after injection. This behavior makes the hydrogel an excellent candidate as a local drug delivery vehicle. In this study, vincristine, a hydrophobic and commonly used chemotherapeutic, is encapsulated within MAX8 hydrogel and shown to release constantly over the course of one month. Vincristine was observed to be cytotoxic in vitro at picomolar to nanomolar concentrations. The amounts of drug released from the hydrogels over the entire time-course were in this concentration range. After encapsulation, release of vincristine from the hydrogel was observed for four weeks. Further characterization showed the vincristine released during the 28 days remained biologically active, well beyond its half-life in bulk aqueous solution. This study shows that vincristine-loaded MAX8 hydrogels are excellent candidates as drug delivery vehicles, through sustained, low, local and effective release of vincristine to a specific target. Oscillatory rheology was employed to show that the shear-thinning and re-healing, injectable-solid properties that make MAX8 a desirable drug delivery vehicle are unaffected by vincristine encapsulation. Rheology measurements also were used to monitor hydrogel nanostructure before and after drug encapsulation.
A Bivariate Ordered Probit Model with Truncation: Helmet Use and Motorcycle Injuries

SUMMARY I consider an ordered probit model in which some of the observations in one of the categories are missing. The model can be estimated because of a second variable with a similar truncation scheme. The second variable has the effect of increasing the number of categories quadratically while only increasing the number of parameters linearly. This model arises in the analysis of the effectiveness of helmets in reducing the severity of head and neck injuries in motorcycle accidents. The problem is that accidents in which the rider did not receive a head or neck injury were observed only if the rider received a body injury, and vice versa. The results show that helmets are effective in reducing the severity of the worst head or neck injury but, because the worst overall injury that a rider receives is often a body injury, their effect on the severity of the worst overall injury is smaller.
Compartment-specific Control of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging by Antioxidant Pathway Enzymes

Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance in the production and scavenging rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is a key factor in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and aging. The presence of parallel pathways and multiple intracellular compartments, each having its own ROS sources and antioxidant enzymes, complicates the determination of the most important regulatory nodes of the redox network. Here we quantified ROS dynamics within specific intracellular compartments in the cytosol and mitochondria and determined which scavenging enzymes exert the most control over antioxidant fluxes in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. We used novel targeted viral gene transfer vectors expressing redox-sensitive GFP fused to sensor domains to measure H2O2 or oxidized glutathione. Using genetic manipulation in heart-derived H9c2 cells, we explored the contribution of specific antioxidant enzymes to ROS scavenging and glutathione redox potential within each intracellular compartment. Our findings reveal that antioxidant flux is strongly dependent on mitochondrial substrate catabolism, with availability of NADPH as a major rate-controlling step. Moreover, ROS scavenging by mitochondria significantly contributes to cytoplasmic ROS handling. The findings provide fundamental information about the control of ROS scavenging by the redox network and suggest novel interventions for circumventing oxidative stress in cardiac cells.
Effects of endogenous thyrocalcitonin and vitamin D3 on milk yield in parathyroidectomized and thyroparathyroidectomized rats.

SummaryThirty-three lactating rats were divided into 6 groups: (A) normal control, (B) sham-operated control, (C) parathyroidectomized (PTX), (D) PTX plus 8000 IU of vitamin D3/day, (E) thyroparathy-roidectomized (TPTX), (F) TPTX plus 3 μg of L-T4/100 g of body wt/day plus 8000 IU of vitamin D3/day. Milk production in (A) and (B) were not significantly different but were higher (p<0.05) than other four groups. Group C was significantly less than 1) on days 18 and 20 only, while E was significantly less than F in all 4 days. PTX was less severe on milk production than TPTX and took a longer time to manifest the detrimental effects. Vitamin D3 at 8000 IU/day ameliorated the symptoms of PTX but did not completely replace PTH for normal lactation. PTH seems essential for lactating mammary glands for normal lactation in rats. Endogenous TCT seems not essential for milk production. Thyroxine probably has some calcium mobilizing effect similar to PTH.
Thermal Perception by the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Systematic removal of terminal antennal segments of adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was performed and the effects of the operations on the insect's behavioral response to thermal stimulation observed. Removal of the 2 terminal segments caused a reduction in response; however, the most dramatic loss in the ability to perceive heat occurred after removal of the 3 terminal segments.
An apparatus for airborne infection of mice.

SummaryA safe and relatively inexpensive laboratory apparatus for the experimental airborne infection of as many as 100 mice at a time has been described. It has been used for the production of murine pulmonary tuberculosis with tubercle bacilli cultivated in Tween-albumin liquid medium.
BBookX: Design of an Automated Web-based Recommender System for the Creation of Open Learning Content

We describe BBookX, a web-based tool that uses a human-computing approach to facilitate the creation of open source textbooks. The goal of BBookX is to create a system that can search various Open Educational Resource (OER) repositories such as Wikipedia, based on a set of user-generated criteria, and return various resources that can be combined, remixed, and re-used to support specific learning goals. As BBookX is a work-in-progress, we are in the midst of a design-based research study, where user testing guided multiple rounds of iteration in the design of the user interface (UI) as well as the query engine. From an interface perspective, the challenges we present are the matching of the UI to users' mental models from similar systems, as well as educating users how to best work with the algorithms in an iterative manner to find and refine content for inclusion into open textbooks.
Asymmetry of power and attention in alliance politics: the US–Republic of Korea case

ABSTRACTWhile power asymmetry typically defines security relationships between allies, there exist other forms of asymmetry that influence alliance politics. In order to illustrate how they can shape policy outcomes that cannot be explained solely through the lens of power capabilities, the authors examine the role of relative attention that each side pays to the alliance. It is their central argument that since the client state has a greater vested interest in the alliance and given that attention depends on interest/need, the client state can leverage attention to get its way. By analysing two specific cases, the 2002 South Korean schoolgirls tragedy and the 2008 beef protests—instances where the South Koreans succeeded in compelling US concessions—the authors show that because the alliance was more central to the client state's agendas, there existed an asymmetry of attention that offered leveraging opportunities for the weaker ally. In this study, the authors emphasise the role of media attention as a...
Synchronized gamma-frequency inhibition in neocortex depends on excitatory-inhibitory interactions but not electrical synapses

Synaptic inhibition plays a crucial role in the precise timing of spiking activity in the cerebral cortex. Synchronized, rhythmic inhibitory activity in the gamma (30-80 Hz) range is thought to be especially important for the active, information-processing neocortex, but the circuit mechanisms that give rise to synchronized inhibition are uncertain. In particular, the relative contributions of reciprocal inhibitory connections, excitatory-inhibitory interactions, and electrical synapses to precise spike synchrony among inhibitory interneurons are not well understood. Here we describe experiments on mouse barrel cortex in vitro as it spontaneously generates slow (<1 Hz) oscillations (Up and Down states). During Up states, inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) are generated at gamma frequencies and are more synchronized than excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) among neighboring pyramidal cells. Furthermore, spikes in homotypic pairs of interneurons are more synchronized than in pairs of pyramidal cells. Comparing connexin36 knockout and wild-type animals, we found that electrical synapses make a minimal contribution to synchronized inhibition during Up states. Estimations of the delays between EPSCs and IPSCs in single pyramidal cells showed that excitation often preceded inhibition by a few milliseconds. Finally, tonic optogenetic activation of different interneuron subtypes in the absence of excitation led to only weak synchrony of IPSCs in pairs of pyramidal neurons. Our results suggest that phasic excitatory inputs are indispensable for synchronized spiking in inhibitory interneurons during Up states and that electrical synapses play a minimal role.
Ectopic pregnancy followed by two recurrences; a case report.

Abstract A case has been reported in which the same patient experienced three tubal pregnancies within a period of five years. The last two incidents of eccyesis were unruptured at the time of operation. To our knowledge, no similar case has been reported previously and only eight cases could be found in which tubal gestation has occurred three times.
Experimental warming decreases arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization in prairie plants along a Mediterranean climate gradient.

Background: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide numerous services to their plant symbionts. Understanding climate change effects on AMF, and the resulting plant responses, is crucial for predicting ecosystem responses at regional and global scales. We investigated how the effects of climate change on AMF-plant symbioses are mediated by soil water availability, soil nutrient availability, and vegetation dynamics. Methods: We used a combination of a greenhouse experiment and a manipulative climate change experiment embedded within a Mediterranean climate gradient in the Pacific Northwest, USA to examine this question. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of experimental warming on AMF colonization. Results: Warming directly decreased AMF colonization across plant species and across the climate gradient of the study region. Other positive and negative indirect effects of warming, mediated by soil water availability, soil nutrient availability, and vegetation dynamics, canceled each other out. Discussion: A warming-induced decrease in AMF colonization would likely have substantial consequences for plant communities and ecosystem function. Moreover, predicted increases in more intense droughts and heavier rains for this region could shift the balance among indirect causal pathways, and either exacerbate or mitigate the negative, direct effect of increased temperature on AMF colonization.
Understanding Asynchronous Distributed Collaboration in an Enterprise Systems Engineering Context

End users—even though they may be distributed geographically and across time zones—can play a substantial and beneficial role in the enterprise systems engineering (ESE) process. However, it is difficult to support asynchronous distributed collaboration under typical workplace conditions, and it is even more challenging to do so in the context of a complex ESE effort that includes multiple, interdependent, supportive ESE methods and techniques. This paper presents our model of such efforts and describes the demands each model component places on asynchronous distributed collaboration during system development. Further, this paper explains how we have used the model to develop an interview protocol to probe for the presence of model components in individual ESE efforts and their levels of success in managing these variables.
Keeping an eye on cardiovascular risk. A practical, case-study approach to assessment in office practice.

PREVIEWMore and more patients thought to be at relatively low risk for heart disease are being seen in emergency departments or hospitals because of an unanticipated coronary event. What can the primary care physician do to help avert such occurrences? In this article, Dr Nash discusses how coronary risk assessment can be incorporated in day-to-day patient management without the need for expensive tests or tools.
Reflections of the Aging Caesar: Drama as Cultural Perspective

This article affirms the view that literature transmits multiple reflections on human life that shape social mores. Examining stereotypes of age in literature as socially constructed artifacts reveals the prevailing attitudes toward aging during that time. This study focuses on the aging Julius Caesar in William Shakespeare's The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and in George Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra. Writing 300 years apart, these two great playwrights inscribe both positive and negative models of aging, reflecting views in their eras that persist today. This article identifies these models, then explores them from a Lacanian standpoint, showing that each dramatist focuses on Caesar's ego development through the opinions of other characters. Offering a primarily negative view of aging, Shakespeare emphasizes the fragmented mirror images that other characters hold up to Caesar. Shaw self-consciously counters Shakespeare by foregrounding Caesar as subject, who beholds his aging self in the mirror of others' opinions while enacting a positive model of aging. Tracing this long tradition of aging stereotypes found in the two plays can be useful as scholars continue to reconstruct society's attitudes toward aging.
Continuous Abstinence During Early Alcohol Treatment is Significantly Associated with Positive Treatment Outcomes, Independent of Duration of Abstinence.

Aims Neither the predictive value of early continuous abstinence in alcohol use disorder (AUD) or the point at which this effect may emerge has been evaluated. This analysis of the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions (COMBINE) clinical trial evaluated whether abstinence early in treatment was a predictor of longer term abstinence. Methods Participants who stated a goal of total abstinence ( N = 954) were dichotomized into Early Abstainer vs. Nonabstainers and were compared on a variety of drinking outcome measures that are frequently used in clinical trial evaluations of alcohol treatment strategies, as a function of duration of early continuous abstinence. Results Significant differences existed for every outcome. Early Abstinence was significantly associated with fewer drinks per drinking day, number of drinking and number of heavy drinking days, and longer time to first drinking and first heavy drinking day. Effects were evident within the first week. The magnitude of all effects increased as the duration of early abstinence (1–4 weeks) increased, though the size of increase varied across the outcomes. Conclusions These data provide evidence that drinking at the beginning of alcohol treatment is significantly and robustly associated with drinking throughout and at the end of a clinical trial treatment for AUD. Early drinking may be a useful early index to identify whether patients are responding positively to a treatment strategy, and provides a useful method for tailoring treatment to patients that is consistent with a personalized medicine approach.
Memorable messages and newcomer socialization

A discursive approach to socialization focuses our attention on the way discourse organizes the individual‐organizational relationship. The present study employs the concept of memorable messages as a way for exploring the discourse associated with organizational entry. Three results emerged from the data: (1) the discourse associated with the socialization of newcomers emphasizes simultaneously fitting into existing organizational patterns while developing individual abilities; (2) informal face‐to‐face communication is important when constructing individual‐organizational relationships; and (3) there is a positive bias in the socialization discourse associated with organizational entry. Implications for future research in organizational entry from a discursive approach are highlighted.
Pride and Prejudice and Professionalism

LGBT educators struggle to balance professionalism and pride in the classroom, splittling, knitting, or quittting, in the words of the authors.
Elevated Plasma S100B, Psychotic Symptoms, and Cognition in Schizophrenia

S100B is a calcium binding protein mainly produced by glial cells. Previous studies have shown elevated levels of S100B in patients with schizophrenia. We measured S100B levels in fasting plasma of 39 patients with schizophrenia and 19 adult healthy controls. We used linear regression to compare S100B between patients and controls. In patients only, we also investigated the relationship between S100B levels and psychotic symptoms (assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), and cognitive function (assessed by the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery), respectively by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Mean plasma S100B was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. There were no significant correlations between plasma S100B and psychotic symptoms or cognition.
Spirituals, Serfs, and Soviets: Paul Robeson and International Race Policy in the Soviet Union at the Start of the Cold War

From Paul Robeson’s first visit to the Soviet Union in 1934 until the revocation of his passport in 1950, the early years of the Cold War transformed the artist from a figure of broad US acclaim to the object of anti-communist investigations. Performances were simultaneously informed by the shifting race policies of the Soviet Union and the USA, including the Communist Party’s ‘Black Belt’ theory of internationalism, identifying an oppressed African American nation within the US South as similar to the ethnic nations in Imperial Russia. This article examines the official policies of the Soviet Union regarding race, and then turns to the development of Robeson’s use of racialised, transnational performance in his visits in 1934, 1936, and 1949, tracing a trajectory from agreement with the official, stated Soviet policy on race to a performance of nuanced disagreement with the later Stalinist enactment of Soviet xenophobic racism during the Cold War.
Radiographic Detection of Marginal Impaction in Supination-Adduction Ankle Fractures.

Background:The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of plafond impaction in supination-adduction type II (SAD-II) ankle fractures and assess the accuracy of plain radiographs in dete...
Latent State-Trait Modeling: A New Tool to Refine Temperament Methodology.

Questions concerning longitudinal stability and multi-method consistency are critical to temperament research. Latent State-Trait (LST) analyses address these directly, and were utilized in this st...
Adaptation of Military Damage Control in Civilian Settings

Damage control techniques originated during battlefield experience millennia ago. In the early twentieth century, damage control was utilized to limit hemorrhage from liver injuries. Since then damage control has evolved to include damage control surgery and damage control resuscitation in the military setting, which has been translated and integrated into civilian trauma and emergency general surgery practice. Application of damage control techniques in the military and civilian settings has been studied extensively. Damage control resuscitation in particular has made rapid and marked progress in the past 20 years. Hemostatic resuscitation became common practice in the military during modern Iraq and Afghanistan conflict. This led to application and study in the civilian setting. Differences between military and civilian settings include austere military environments, limited resources, and complex evacuation requirements. Future application of damage control in the civilian setting requires integration and collaboration between the military and civilian sectors.