cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a Regulatable Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Recombinant Virus for Tumor Therapy

Oncolytic viruses are genetically modified viruses that preferentially replicate in host cancer cells, leading to the production of new viruses and, ultimately, cell death. Currently, no oncolytic viruses that are able to kill only tumor cells while leaving normal cells intact are available. Using T-REx (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) gene switch technology and a self-cleaving ribozyme, we have constructed a novel oncolytic HSV-1 recombinant, KTR27, whose replication can be tightly controlled and regulated by tetracycline in a dose-dependent manner. Infection of normal replicating cells as well as multiple human cancer cell types with KTR27 in the presence of tetracycline led to 1,000- to 250,000-fold-higher progeny virus production than in the absence of tetracycline, while little viral replication and virus-associated cytotoxicity was observed in infected growth-arrested normal human cells. We show that intratumoral inoculation with KTR27 markedly inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model of human non-small-cell lung cancer in nude mice. It is shown further that replication of KTR27 in the inoculated tumors can be efficiently controlled by local codelivery of tetracycline to the target tumors at the time of KTR27 inoculation. Collectively, KTR27 possesses a unique pharmacological feature that can limit its replication to the targeted tumor microenvironment with localized tetracycline delivery, thus minimizing unwanted viral replication in distant tissues following local virotherapy. This regulatory mechanism would also allow the replication of the virus to be quickly shut down should adverse effects be detected.
Crime time TV: If all we knew is what we saw …

The Lone Ranger is no longer with us, but television remains and is now, if anything, more important as a source of information and ideas about American society. The cowboy and the old west lawmen have been replaced by the big city cop and the ingenious private detective as the stock in trade of prime time television. The storybook fantasy of early television drama has given way, at least for the present, to a hardhitting realism that is presented in pseudo-documentary format. Television's realism, however, is only an illusion. Television is a distorted mirror held up to American society. This paper will examine this distortion by focusing on one example of the larger problem, the case of crime time television. First it will examine the nature of the distortion introduced by television. The source of this distortion will then be sought in the institutional structures which govern television programing. Some consequences of this distortion for Americans and American society will be explored. Finally, alternative structures designed to minimize the problems inherent in current institutional arrangements will be suggested. Through the institution of prime time drama, television viewers are exposed to a seemingly endless stream of familiar and predictable crimes and
Engaging Visual Stimuli and Reflex Blink Modification

Twenty-one college undergraduate subjects were provided discrete trials of visual foreground stimuli with varying interest value while an intense acoustic probe delivered during viewing was used to elicit the startle reflex. The foreground stimuli were 35 mm color slides containing photographs of nude male and female models (high interest) or a common household object (low interest). The results of this experiment, using adult subjects, replicate closely the findings of Anthony and Graham (1983) who studied four-month old human infants in a similar paradigm. That is, when probe stimuli occurred on an auditory channel, reflex magnitude and onset latency were significantly inhibited while subjects were concurrently processing an attention-engaging visual stimulus. The successful use of EOG techniques to record the eyeblink component of the startle reflex and capture its sensitivity to the attentional manipulation suggests that the probe startle paradigm may be readily put to use in a wide variety of psychophysiological laboratories.
Community and Property -- For Those Who Have Neither

Both community and property are, each in its own way, exclusionary concepts. Property — certainly private property — is defined in large part by a right of exclusion. And although "community" sounds like a warm, inclusive word, real-world communities (be they nations, municipalities, neighborhoods, or clusters of condominiums) often define themselves by reference to an array of excluded "others" and erect fences and patrol borders to keep these others out. Enthusiasm for these exclusions is made to seem legitimate by the thought that those excluded from my property probably have somewhere else of their own to go to, and those excluded from our community probably also have a community of their own to live in. In fact, neither proposition is entirely justified. We know that in most economically developed countries there are large numbers of people who live as transients and are not welcome or rooted in any community. Their only places of refuge are the substantial patches of public property (like parks and sidewalks) which society maintains for everyone’s use. But public places are not themselves unregulated, and often they are regulated according to norms of community and in response to communitarian pressures. If these communities are themselves exclusive in character, they tend to reproduce at the public property level the exclusions that manifest themselves at the private property level. This Article attempts to chart and analyze the deadly combination of exclusive community and exclusive property that these modes of regulation represent.
The distribution of sodium ions in aluminosilicate glasses: a high-field Na-23 MAS and 3Q MAS NMR study

Abstract The local configurations around sodium ions in silicate glasses and melts and their distributions have strong implications for the dynamic and static properties of melts and thus may play important roles in magmatic processes. The quantification of distributions among charge-balancing cations, including Na + in aluminosilicate glasses and melts, however, remains a difficult problem that is relevant to high-temperature geochemistry as well as glass science. Here, we explore the local environment around Na + in charge-balanced aluminosilicate glasses (the NaAlO 2 -SiO 2 join) and its distribution using 23 Na magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at varying magnetic fields of 9.4, 14.1, and 18.8 T, as well as triple-quantum (3Q)MAS NMR spectroscopy at 9.4 T, to achieve better understanding of the extent of disorder around this cation. We quantify the extent of this disorder in terms of changes in Na-O distance ( d [Na-O]) distributions with composition and present a structural model favoring a somewhat ordered Na distribution, called a “perturbed” Na distribution model. The peak position in 23 Na MAS spectra of aluminosilicate glasses moves toward lower frequencies with increasing Si/Al ratios, implying that the average d (Na-O) increases with increasing R . The peak width is significantly reduced at higher fields (14.1 and 18.8 T) because of the reduced effect of second-order quadrupolar interaction, and 23 Na MAS NMR spectra thus provide relatively directly the Na chemical shift distribution and changes in atomic environment with composition. Chemical shift distributions obtained from 23 Na 3Q MAS spectra are consistent with MAS NMR data, in which deshielding decreases with R . The average distances between Na and the three types of bridging oxygens (BOs) (Na-{Al-O-Al}, Na-{Si-O-Al}, and Na-{Si-O-Si}) were obtained from the correlation between d (Na-O) and isotropic chemical shift. The calculated d (Na-{Al-O-Al}) of 2.52 A is shorter than the d (Na-{Si-O-Si}) of 2.81 A, and d (Na-{Al-O-Al}) shows a much narrower distribution than the other types of BOs. 23 Na chemical shifts in binary (Al-free) sodium silicate glasses are more deshielded and have ranges distinct from those of aluminosilicate glasses, implying that d (Na-NBO) (nonbridging oxygen) is shorter than d (Na-BO) and that d (Na-{Si-O-Si}) in binary silicates can be shorter than that in aluminosilicate glasses. The results given here demonstrate that high-field 23 Na NMR is an effective probe of the Na + environment, providing not only average structural information but also chemically and topologically distinct chemical shift ranges (distributions) and their variation with composition and their effects on static and dynamic properties.
Experience with coil embolization of previously clipped aneurysms presenting with rupture.

Introduction Endovascular coil embolization has an established role alongside microsurgical clipping in the treatment of aneurysms. We studied previously clipped aneurysms that presented as subarachnoid hemorrhage and were treated by coil embolization. Methods A retrospective review was performed of two prospectively maintained databases from two institutions (Cleveland Clinic, Emory University) that spanned 12 years. Results Seven patients were identified (mean age 56.9 years) who had previously undergone surgical clipping for aneurysm obliteration; six (86%) were previously ruptured. Patients presented with aneurysm rupture with a mean time of 11.5 years (range 4 months to 20 years) following surgical treatment. Aneurysm location included anterior communicating artery (n=4), posterior communicating artery (n=1), internal carotid artery terminus (n=1) and anterior choroidal (n=1). Three patients presented in Hunt and Hess (HH) grade 1, one in HH2, two in HH3 and one in HH4. Four of the patients underwent unassisted coil embolization while balloon assistance was employed in three. Angiographic results were as follows: complete occlusion (n=3; 42.9%) and residual neck (n=4; 57.1%). There were no intraprocedural complications. Conclusion Aneurysm rupture following surgical obliteration is a rare event and may occur remote from the initial treatment. Endovascular embolization with or without balloon assistance can be safely employed in cases of aneurysm recurrence rupture following surgical treatment with satisfactory angiographic treatment.
Deterministic signals in tree-rings from North America

Maximum entropy spectrum analysis of 305 tree-ring chronologies from North America yields evidence for two terms with periods 18.6 ± 1.3 years (in 286 out of 305 series) and 10.5 ± 0.5 years in 244 instances. Statistical tests show the terms to be significant at confidence levels of 99.9 and 98 per cent, respectively. These signals are identified as the luni-solar 18.6-year Mn and the 10–11 year solar cycle Sc terms. Amplitude and phase of the Mn signal are non-stationary with respect to both time and geography. In particular, abrupt 180° phase changes in wave polarity are often observed. During the seventeenth, and most of the eighteenth century, most of western North America experienced wet ‘W’ conditions at epochs of maximum in tidal forcing. At epochs 1787.2 and 1805.8 radical changes in phasing occurred, and from 1805.8 to present most of the region has been dry ‘D’ at epochs. A physical mechanism that can explain these phenomena is described briefly, and the implications for economic science briefly discussed.
Is MIT an Exception? Gender Pay Differences in Academic Science

This study uses data from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients to evaluate gender differences in salaries for academic scientists. Over time gender salary differences can partly be explained by differences in observable characteristics for faculty at the assistant and associate ranks. Substantial gender salary differences for full professors are not explained by observable characteristics. Between 1973 and 1997, very little has changed in terms of gender salary and promotion differences for academics in science. After evaluating potential explanations, the author concludes that gender discrimination similar to that observed at MIT accounts for unexplained gender disparities.
Burnout and Commitment: A Theoretical Alternative

Discussions of burnout generally offer little explicit theoretical foundation, but most seem to assume an energy scarcity model. An alternative model based on the assumption that energy is highly expendable is offered here.
Comparison of intermittent and continuously nebulized albuterol for treatment of asthma in an urban emergency department

Study objective: To compare continuously nebulized albuterol with intermittent bolus nebulization of albuterol. Design: Consecutive block enrollment in groups of ten to continuous or intermittent therapy. Setting: Urban emergency department. Type of participants: Patients who presented to the ED with moderate to severe asthma and did not improve after one treatment with nebulized albuterol. Interventions: All patients received an initial nebulized treatment with 2.5 mg albuterol followed by 125 mg solumedrol. Patients in the intermittent group received 2.5 mg nebulized albuterol at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the initial treatment. Patients in the continuous group received 10 mg albuterol nebulized in 70 mL over two hours. Results: There was no difference between groups in age, sex, or initial peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Ninety-nine patients were included in the study (47 continuous and 52 intermittent). There was no statistically significant difference in PEFRs or admission rate between groups over the two-hour study period. One subgroup analysis was performed on patients with PEFRs on presentation to the ED of 200 L/min or less. Mean ± SD baseline PEFR at presentation to the ED was 135 ± 35 in the 35 patients in the continuous group and 137 ± 45 in the 34 patients in the intermittent group). At 120 minutes, PEFR was 296 ± 98 in the continuous group and 244 ± 81 in the intermittent group ( P = .01). Admission: discharge ratios for this subgroup analysis were 11:24 in the continuous group and 19:14 in the intermittent group ( P = .03). Mean ± SD heart rate in the subgroup analysis was 102 ± 21 at baseline for the continuous group and 109 ± 22 at baseline in the intermittent group. At 120 minutes, heart rate was 90 ± 18 in the continuous group and 104 ± 16 in the intermittent group ( P = .002). Conclusions: Continuous nebulization offers no benefit over intermittent therapy in patients with an initial PEFR of more than 200 L/min. In PEFRs of 200 or less, continuous nebulization may decrease admission rate and improve PEFRs when compared with standard therapy.
Optical Modulator Optimization for Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has a high peak-to-average ratio (PAR), which can result in low optical power efficiency when modulated through a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator. In addition, the nonlinear characteristic of the MZ can cause significant distortion on the OFDM signal, leading to in-band intermodulation products between subcarriers. We show that a quadrature MZ with digital predistortion and hard clipping is able to overcome the previous impairments. We consider quantization noise and compute the minimum number of bits required in the digital-to-analog converter (D/A). Finally, we discuss a dual-drive MZ as a simpler alternative for the OFDM modulator, but our results show that it requires a higher oversampling ratio to achieve the same performance as the quadrature MZ.
Advice for optimizing colonic distention and minimizing risk of perforation during CT colonography.

Abraham H. Dachman, MD Computed tomographic (CT) colonography is an attractive alternate to optical colonoscopy in some patients because of its less invasive nature and the fact that sedation is not required. In this issue of Radiology, two articles report the findings of retrospective studies on the incidence of colonic perforation during CT colonography (1,2). These reports emphasize the fact that although CT colonography is less invasive and has fewer complications than optical colonoscopy, it is not free of potential risks. To my knowledge, the actual complication rate for CT colonography has not been well studied prospectively; this is mostly because no complications were initially reported and partly because no single clinical trial can be large enough to include rare complications and some colonic perforations are asymptomatic and might be visible only after conclusion of the examination. Complications include (a) prolonged cramping related to gaseous distention of the colon; (b) nausea, vomiting, or vasovagal reactions that can be caused by either colonic distention or administration of a spasmolytic (glucagon in the United States and hyoscine butyl bromide in Canada and Europe); and, rarely, (c) colonic perforations (1–4). Successful colonic distention with CT colonography is multifactorial and requires knowledge and experience on the part of the technologist or radiologist monitoring the insufflation. The desire to maximize patient comfort and minimize the risk of perforation might lead to a conservative approach during colonic insufflation and result in somewhat suboptimal colonic distention. This approach might decrease reader confidence in the interpretation and lead to decreased sensitivity for detection of polyps or decreased specificity because of false-positive findings in suboptimally distended segments. Since optimal colonic distention is a critical requirement for obtaining an optimal study, these recent reports could adversely affect the diagnostic performance of CT colonography. The data on colonic distention in prior CT colonography reports can be a source of confusion because changing one variable can dramatically change the findings. One cannot mix and match recommendations regarding (a) the use of glucagon, air versus carbon dioxide, and mechanical insufflation versus manual insufflation versus self-insufflation; (b) the rate or volume of inflation; and (c) the end point for obtaining CT images. Each variable must be evaluated separately to understand its effect on distention and patient comfort. The purpose of this editorial is to describe strategies for optimizing colonic distention and patient comfort while minimizing the risk of perforation.
Blood component collection by apheresis

Apheresis component collection is a rapidly growing area in the blood collection field. Several instruments with varying capabilities are available. This is a brief review of the equipment available for granulocyte and apheresis component collection and indications for their use. In the United States, granulocytes are collected with the Fenwal CS3000, Fenwal CS3000 Plus, COBE (Gambro) Spectra, Haemonetics LN9000, and Fresenius AS 104. The use of hetastarch for sedimenting agent and stimulation with G-CSF and G-CSF plus dexamethasone have substantially increased granulocyte yields. Plateletapheresis is performed in the United States on the Fenwal CS3000, Fenwal CS3000 Plus, Fenwal Amicus, COBE (Gambro) Spectra, Gambro Trima Version 4, Gambro Trima Accel (Version 5), and Haemonetics LN9000. Automated red blood cell (RBC) collections are performed with the Haemonetics MCS+LN8150, Gambro Trima Version 4, Gambro Trima Accel (Version 5), Amicus, and Baxter Alyx. The RBC can be collected concurrently (with other components) in some instruments or separately in others. Plasma is collected concurrently on several instruments. Plasmapheresis for plasma only is performed on the Fenwal Autopheresis C and Haemonetics PCS2. Granulocyte yields range from 0.46 × 1010 to 1.0 × 1010 for unstimulated donors and 2.1 × 1010 to 2.6 × 1010 for donors stimulated with dexamethasone or prednisone. The use of G-CSF and G-CSF with dexamethasone has substantially increased granulocyte yields with yields of 4.1 × 1010 to 10.8 × 1010 reported. Platelet collection rates of 0.045–0.115 × 1011 plt/min have been reported. Collection efficiencies of 46–85.7% have been reported. Automated (apheresis) component collection has the advantages of controlled volumes or doses of component, efficient use of the donor, multiple components from the same donor, better inventory control, and better quality control due to less manipulation of the individual components. Disadvantages of automated component collection include the use of expensive equipment and disposables, the need for specially trained machine operators, and lower capacity to collect large volumes of blood compared to whole blood donation. The use of apheresis component collection is rapidly growing to provide the best blood components in the most efficient manner. J. Clin. Apheresis © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Answering aggregation queries in a secure system model

As more sensitive data is captured in electronic form, security becomes more and more important. Data encryption is the main technique for achieving security. While in the past enterprises were hesitant to implement database encryption because of the very high cost, complexity, and performance degradation, they now have to face the ever-growing risk of data theft as well as emerging legislative requirements. Data encryption can be done at multiple tiers within the enterprise. Different choices on where to encrypt the data offer different security features that protect against different attacks. One class of attack that needs to be taken seriously is the compromise of the database server, its software or administrator. A secure way to address this threat is for a DBMS to directly process queries on the ciphertext, without decryption. We conduct a comprehensive study on answering SUM and AVG aggregation queries in such a system model by using a secure homomorphic encryption scheme in a novel way. We demonstrate that the performance of such a solution is comparable to a traditional symmetric encryption scheme (e.g., DES) in which each value is decrypted and the computation is performed on the plaintext. Clearly this traditional encryption scheme is not a viable solution to the problem because the server must have access to the secret key and the plaintext, which violates our system model and security requirements. We study the problem in the setting of a read-optimized DBMS for data warehousing applications, in which SUM and AVG are frequent and crucial.
Body Mass Index and Mortality in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Background To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods We studied a cohort of patients with IPF who were seen at the Mayo Clinic Rochester from 1994 through 1996. These patients met the current consensus definition of IPF. We excluded patients who had received prior treatment for IPF, had no follow-up data, or had no pulmonary function results available at the index visit. Results Of the 197 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, the mean (± SD) age was 71.4 ± 8.9 years, 137 patients (70%) were men, and the mean BMI was 28.2 ± 4.6. These patients were categorized by BMI into the following three groups: Conclusion Higher BMI was associated with better survival in patients with IPF.
Multiple Forms of Perceived Discrimination and Health among Adolescents and Young Adults

Research on perceived discrimination has overwhelmingly focused on one form of discrimination, especially race discrimination, in isolation from other forms. The present article uses data from the Black Youth Culture Survey, a nationally representative, racially and ethnically diverse sample of 1,052 adolescents and young adults to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and mental and physical health consequences of multiple forms of perceived discrimination. The findings suggest that disadvantaged groups, especially multiply disadvantaged youth, face greater exposure to multiple forms of discrimination than their more privileged counterparts. The experience of multiple forms of discrimination is associated with worse mental and physical health above the effect of only one form and contributes to the relationship between multiple disadvantaged statuses and health. These findings suggest that past research may misspecify the discrimination-health relationship and fails to account for the disproportionate exposure to discrimination faced by multiply disadvantaged individuals.
The UBXN1 Protein Associates with Autoubiquitinated Forms of the BRCA1 Tumor Suppressor and Inhibits Its Enzymatic Function

Although the BRCA1 tumor suppressor has been implicated in many cellular processes, the biochemical mechanisms by which it influences these diverse pathways are poorly understood. The only known enzymatic function of BRCA1 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity mediated by its highly conserved RING domain. In vivo, BRCA1 associates with the BARD1 polypeptide to form a heterodimeric BRCA1/BARD1 complex that catalyzes autoubiquitination of BRCA1 and trans ubiquitination of other protein substrates. In most cases, BRCA1-dependent ubiquitination generates polyubiquitin chains bearing an unconventional K6 linkage that does not appear to target proteins for proteasomal degradation. Since ubiquitin-dependent processes are usually mediated by cellular receptors with ubiquitin-binding motifs, we screened for proteins that specifically bind autoubiquitinated BRCA1. Here we report that the UBXN1 polypeptide, which contains a ubiquitin-associated (UBA) motif, recognizes autoubiquitinated BRCA1. This occurs through a bipartite interaction in which the UBA domain of UBXN1 binds K6-linked polyubiquitin chains conjugated to BRCA1 while the C-terminal sequences of UBXN1 bind the BRCA1/BARD1 heterodimer in a ubiquitin-independent fashion. Significantly, the E3 ligase activity of BRCA1/BARD1 is dramatically reduced in the presence of UBXN1, suggesting that UBXN1 regulates the enzymatic function of BRCA1 in a manner that is dependent on its ubiquitination status.
A Test of the Interacting Boson Model Using Pion-Nucleus Inelastic Scattering

It is shown that the comparison between π+ and π− cross sections can be used to test the IBA of Arima and Iachello.
Mathematical analysis of Paleodictyon: A graph theory approach

The graphoglyptid ichnogenus Paleodictyon has been alternatively interpreted as a foraging or farming trace; as a subsurface burrow for the habitation of one or more unknown organisms; the remains of a xenophyophore; and as the result of modular growth of an unknown organism. Graph theory and analysis of the geometry of the regular ichnospecies suggests that if the elements of Paleodictyon are interpreted as tunnels, then they are of extraordinary length relative to the size of any likely solitary tracemaker. In addition, because each vertex of the mesh is of degree three, any possible path through mesh requires revisiting in order to travel through the entire network; this makes the minimum path length even longer. These results suggest that it is unlikely that Paleodictyon is the result of subsurface burrowing.
Spectroscopic studies of bridge contributions to electronic coupling in a donor-bridge-acceptor biradical system.

Variable-temperature electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies are used to probe the excited state electronic structure of TpCum,MeZn(SQ-Ph-NN) (1), a donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) biradical complex and a ground state analogue of the charge-separated excited state formed in photoinduced electron transfer reactions. Strong electronic coupling mediated by the p-phenylene bridge stabilizes the triplet ground state of this molecule. Detailed spectroscopic and bonding calculations elucidate key bridge distortions that are involved in the SQ(π)SOMO → NN-Ph (π*)LUMO D → A charge transfer (CT) transition. We show that the primary excited state distortion that accompanies this CT is along a vibrational coordinate best described as a symmetric Ph(8a) + SQ(in-plane) linear combination and underscores the dominant role of the phenylene bridge fragment acting as an electron acceptor in the D-B-A charge transfer state. Our results show the importance of the phenylene bridge in promoting (1) electron tran...
Mutations in the red rice ALS gene associated with resistance to imazethapyr

Abstract The introduction of Clearfield (CL) rice cultivars resistant to imidazolinone herbicides, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, has raised concerns of gene flow to weedy rice genotypes collectively called “red rice” that infest rice-growing areas in the southern United States. This experiment was conducted to study hybridization between CL rice and red rice using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, identify mutations in the ALS gene of imazethapyr-resistant red rice, and to detect the introgression of the ALS-resistant gene from CL rice into red rice. Natural outcrossing experiments between CL rice and strawhull (SH) red rice were set up in Stuttgart, AR, in 2002 and 2003. Putative red rice hybrids were detected among volunteer plants in the following year. Hybridization was confirmed using SSR markers, and introgression of the resistant ALS gene from CL rice to red rice was detected by ALS gene sequencing. The ALS gene sequences of U.S. rice cultivars ‘Bengal’ and ‘Cypress’, SH red rice, CL...
Electric Field Induced Suppression of the Magnetoresistance of Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor Trilayers

In semiconductor spintronic devices, the semiconductor is usually lightly doped and nondegenerate, and moderate electric fields can dominate the carrier motion. We recently derived a drift-diffusion equation for spin polarization in the semiconductors by consistently taking into account electric-field effects and nondegenerate electron statistics and identified a high-field diffusive regime that has no analog in metals. Here high fields are argued to substantially reduce the magnetoresistance observable in a recent experiment on magnetic-semiconductor–nonmagnetic-semiconductor–magnetic-semiconductor trilayers.
Satellite Attitude Control

This chapter presents another example in space flight showing the computational advantages of asymptotic solutions. This application involves the attitude control of a dual spin satellite in an earth orbit by utilizing the interaction of an on-board electromagnet with the geomagnetic field. The presentation is based on [1, 2]
Patricia L. Thibodeau Medical Library Association President 2003-2004.

“Never say never” is a wise piece of advice. To ignore it means to lose many opportunities in life. How Patricia L. Thibodeau, AHIP, the new president of the Medical Library Association (MLA), has learned the value of “never saying never” says much about who she is and how she approaches the opportunities that life has to offer her. With Pat as our new leader, we will be able to learn from her how to take advantage of the opportunities facing our profession.
Function and Regulation of Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel

The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is the major protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). It is now generally accepted that this channel is responsible for most of the metabolite flux in and out of mitochondria. Small ions, adenine nucleotides such as ATP and ADP, and other water soluble mitochondrial respiratory substrates cross the MOM through VDAC. Therefore, any restriction to metabolite exchange through VDAC is able to lead to an essential disturbance of mitochondrial energetic functions and cell metabolism. This review discusses the mechanisms of regulation of these fluxes by VDAC through its ability to “gate” or adopt different conducting states. The focus of the first part is on the biophysical properties of this evolutionary conserved β-barrel channel reconstituted into its “native” lipid environment and especially on the mechanisms of modification of VDAC gating by electrical field, medium pH, and membrane lipid composition. The second part of this review addresses the novel mechanism of VDAC regulation by dimeric tubulin, an abundant cytosolic protein, and the physiological implications of the uncovered VDAC-tubulin interaction. One of the intriguing consequences of VDAC regulation by tubulin is its coupling with the Warburg-type aerobic glycolysis characteristic of many tumor cells where the VDAC-tubulin complex may play a role of “glycolytic switch” moving cells between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The discussed biophysical insights of VDAC blockage by tubulin, obtained from experiments at the single-molecule level, could be also important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of functional interactions between water soluble and membrane proteins in general.
The Information Content of Corporate Investment Announcements: The Case of Joint Ventures

Partner firms to the same joint venture experience sharply different stock price reactions. These differences cannot be explained by mechanical factors related to differences in firm size and ownership share in the project, nor are they attributable to different partner roles in the project or differences in investor anticipation of the announcement. We conclude that the stock price reactions reflect a revaluation of non-project assets that is different for each partner. Additionally, we find evidence indicating that investors infer information about agency problems (in the sense of Jensen, 1986) from the joint venture announcements and subsequently, revalue the whole firm – not just the marginal project being announced. Finally, we find that free cash flow is value-enhancing for one type of partner firm after we control for the extent of agency problems.
Built environmental correlates of physical activity in China: A review.

Objective China faces growing levels of physical inactivity and obesity, associated with increasing urbanization and changing lifestyles in recent years. China is expanding its cities to accommodate a growing urban population. This paper identifies built environment factors that are associated with physical activity in China. Findings can inform urban design and development in China to support increased physical activity.
Quantification of medical and operational factors determining central versus satellite laboratory testing of blood gases.

Blood gas measurements performed at the central laboratory and at a satellite laboratory of Brigham and Women’s Hospital were studied to determine the differences in quality, turnaround time (TAT), and cost. The quality in both laboratories, as determined by results on proficiency and quality control samples, satisfactorily met current standards for patient care. The central laboratory receives specimens for blood gas measurements through a pneumatic tube system and broadcasts results to computer terminals at the originating site, with a mean TAT of 6 minutes. The satellite laboratory, which is within the neonatal intensive care unit that it serves, has a mean TAT of 4.5 minutes. The difference is attributable to transit time in the pneumatic tube and accessioning time in the central laboratory. The total cost per reportable result was substantially higher for the satellite laboratory than for the central laboratory. The minor difference in TAT can be considered in a cost-benefit analysis that weighs medical utility criteria against cost.
Abstract 2978: Nucleotide excision repair contributes to hexavalent chromium-induced double strand breaks and chromosomal damage

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Certain hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are known human lung carcinogens. Cr(VI) causes several types of DNA damage including bulky adducts and crosslinks. Cr(VI)-induced tumors exhibit chromosomal instability (CIN), however, very little is known about mechanisms of these effects and the role that DNA repair plays in this process. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is known to be involved in the repair of bulky DNA damage. Unrepaired or misrepaired lesions can lead to chromosomal aberrations (CAs). We investigated the role of NER leading to CAs using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) parental (AA8) and NER-deficient cells (UV-5). We found that UV-5 cells displayed attenuated Cr(VI)-induced chromosome damage. In general, DNA lesions need to be converted to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in order to give rise to CAs. Therefore, we used the neutral Comet assay to measure the induction and repair of DSBs after Cr(VI)-induced damage. We found that both parental and NER-deficient cell lines displayed low levels of DSBs immediately after Cr(VI) treatment. Interestingly, DSB formation peaked after a 24h recovery period, and NER-deficient cells exhibited lower overall levels of DSBs than repair-proficient cells. All damage in both cell lines was repaired by 48h following Cr(VI) exposure. Taken together, our results suggest that Cr(VI)-induced DSBs are not directly formed by Cr(VI) exposure. Instead, these lesions develop as a consequence of repair of, or replication past, Cr(VI)-induced lesions. Importantly, our data suggests that NER contributes to Cr(VI)-induced genomic instability. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2978.
Research on an improved algorithm to enhance the detection accuracy of low-frequency oscillation modes by empirical mode decomposition

The characteristic analysis of low-frequency oscillation based on disturbed measured trajectory gradually becomes an important means of modern large grid stability analysis. When empirical mode decomposition(EMD) method is used to analyze the low-frequency oscillation signal, the problems, such as end effect, frequency drift, mode mixing and damping loss, will affect the analysis accuracy of the method. So, the ARMA model-based endpoint extension method, the B spline interpolation method, the fine complex wavelet analysis and the energy difference factor control method are proposed separately to solve the above problems. An improved algorithm is designed by the hybrid application of the above method, which effectively improves the accuracy of detecting signal non-stationary characteristics. Finally, through the testing and analysis of EPRI-36 simulation case and RTDS real-time case, it is verified that the proposed algorithm has high accuracy and effectiveness to detect the modes information of complex low-frequency oscillation signal.
Mindfulness, stress coping and everyday resilience among emerging youth in a university setting: a mixed methods approach

Mindfulness is defined as non-judgmental awareness in the present lived experience. Researchers find that mindfulness training has benefits such as enhanced positive emotions, reduced stress and in...
Noninvasive techniques for the determination of burn severity in real time

Visual diagnosis of second-degree burns has proven inadequate for determining the appropriate treatment regimen. Although multiple noninvasive imaging techniques have shown promise for providing information about burn wound severity, the ideal technology to aid burn wound excision would provide real-time readouts. Herein, the authors examine a high-resolution infrared (IR) camera (thermography) and a multiprobe adapter system (MPAS-6; transepidermal evaporative water loss, colorimetry) to assess their usefulness in predicting burn severity. Contact burn wounds of increasing severity were created in a porcine model. Wounds were assessed for 4 days with an IR camera and MPAS-6. In addition, each day, the burn wounds were biopsied for histological analysis to determine burn depth for correlation with noninvasive measures. Surface temperatures decreased with increasing burn severity, which was associated with increasing transepidermal evaporative water loss. Melanin content correlated with the depth of collagen coagulation and was bimodal, with superficial and full-thickness burns having higher values than deep partial thickness wounds. Erythema content was highest in superficial burns and negatively correlated with necrosis (high-mobility group box protein 1 expression). Importantly, surface temperature taken on every single day after injury was predictive of all histologically determined measurements of burn depth (ie, collagen coagulation, apoptosis, necrosis, vascular occlusion). The results indicate that IR imaging and skin quality probes can be used to support the diagnosis of burn severity. Most importantly, IR measurements gave insight into both the zone of coagulation and the zone of stasis on every postburn day studied.
The formation environment of potassic‐chloro‐hastingsite in the nakhlites MIL 03346 and pairs and NWA 5790: Insights from terrestrial chloro‐amphibole

Potassic-chloro-hastingsite has been found in melt inclusions in MIL 03346, its paired stones, and NWA 5790. It is some of the most chlorine-rich amphibole ever analyzed. In this article, we evaluate what crystal chemistry, terrestrial analogs, and experiments have shown about how chlorine-dominant amphibole (chloro-amphibole) forms and apply these insights to the nakhlites. Chloro-amphibole is rare, with about a dozen identified localities on Earth. It is always rich in potassium and iron and poor in titanium. In terrestrial settings, its presence has been interpreted to result from medium to high-grade alteration (>400 °C) of a protolith by an alkali and/or iron chloride-rich aqueous fluid. Ferrous chloride fluids exsolved from mafic magmas can cause such alteration, as can crustal fluids that have reacted with rock and lost H2O in preference to chloride, resulting in concentrated alkali chloride fluids. In the case of the nakhlites, an aqueous alkali-ferrous chloride fluid was exsolved from the parental melt as it crystallized. This aqueous chloride fluid itself likely unmixed into chloride-dominant and water-dominant fluids. Chloride-dominant fluid was trapped in some melt inclusions and reacted with the silicate contents of the inclusion to form potassic-chloro-hastingsite.
Ab-initio investigation of the finite-temperatures structural, elastic, and thermodynamic properties of Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2

Abstract In this work, we calculate the structural, elastic, thermodynamic properties of Ti3SiC2 and Ti3AlC2 using a density functional theory (DFT) framework. The vibrational, electronic and quasi-harmonic contributions as well as an anharmonic correction to the total free energy of the system are computed and extrapolated to determine the finite-temperatures properties of the systems. Charge densities, electron localization functions (ELF), the electronic density of states (EDOS) and the vibrational density of states (VDOS) are analyzed in order to deepen our understanding of the interactions giving rise to the calculated properties. Calculated values of Young’s modulus, Heat Capacity and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) show good agreement with experimental values.
Optimal bit allocation of limited rate feedback for cooperative jamming

In this paper, we investigate bit allocation schemes with limited rate feedback for cooperative jamming. In addition to the transmitter and receiver, we assume a passive eavesdropper and cooperative jammer are present. In order to achieve a secure communications link against the eavesdropper, the transmitter and jammer require channel state information (CSI) to be fed back to them from the receiver. Assuming feedback channels with a maximum sum feedback rate constraint, the receiver must allocate the total number of bits available to quantize the CSI between the transmitter and jammer. This requires the receiver to balance the need for a strong channel from the transmitter against the need for the jammer to accurately null the receiver and reduce the resulting interference. We propose an optimal bit allocation strategy for this problem using mean-squared error as the performance metric, and we use simulation examples to illustrate its advantage over a non-optimized feedback allocation.
Basic Techniques in Simulations for Advanced Process Development

In this chapter, the basic simulation techniques for advanced MOS process development will be described. First of all, the basic device physics of MOSFET is presented The discussion will be in very simple terms, although sufficient to allow the process engineers to understand the basic characteristics of MOSFETs and their significance. The techniques of generating the device parameters are then presented. Also to be discussed are the short channel effects such as drain-induced barrier lowering. Simulations are used to reveal details of these phenomena. The relationship between process parameters and device characteristics are discussed. Simulated results are compared with experimental results. The discussions will emphasize the GEMINI program since it is relatively simple to use.
Collaborative strategies for distributed teams: Innovation through interlaced collaborative writing

This paper discusses a case history of a successful, highly-productive team that collaborates on a regular basis, solely through virtual means. In the article, we will discuss the importance of psychological safety as a key foundation in collaborative work and the affordances that result from building and maintaining this foundation, including the co-creation of knowledge and an increase in team productivity. We provide a postmortem of our collaborative writing process, which has resulted in a series of successful articles, presentations, and posters. In this case history, we will discuss our collaborative processes, highlighting significant decisions, choices, and failures; we will supplement the case with anecdotal evidence. Finally, we will provide a set of concrete strategies/guidelines to benefit others interested in distributed collaboration. Ultimately, we present this case as a model for collaborative writing and have termed this innovative process “interlaced collaborative writing.”