cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-Linear Direct Multi-Scale Image Enhancement Based on the Luminance and Contrast Masking Characteristics of the Human Visual System

Image enhancement is a crucial pre-processing step for various image processing applications and vision systems. Many enhancement algorithms have been proposed based on different sets of criteria. However, a direct multi-scale image enhancement algorithm capable of independently and/or simultaneously providing adequate contrast enhancement, tonal rendition, dynamic range compression, and accurate edge preservation in a controlled manner has yet to be produced. In this paper, a multi-scale image enhancement algorithm based on a new parametric contrast measure is presented. The parametric contrast measure incorporates not only the luminance masking characteristic, but also the contrast masking characteristic of the human visual system. The formulation of the contrast measure can be adapted for any multi-resolution decomposition scheme in order to yield new human visual system-inspired multi-scale transforms. In this article, it is exemplified using the Laplacian pyramid, discrete wavelet transform, stationary wavelet transform, and dual-tree complex wavelet transform. Consequently, the proposed enhancement procedure is developed. The advantages of the proposed method include: 1) the integration of both the luminance and contrast masking phenomena; 2) the extension of non-linear mapping schemes to human visual system inspired multi-scale contrast coefficients; 3) the extension of human visual system-based image enhancement approaches to the stationary and dual-tree complex wavelet transforms, and a direct means of; 4) adjusting overall brightness; and 5) achieving dynamic range compression for image enhancement within a direct multi-scale enhancement framework. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed algorithm to achieve simultaneous local and global enhancements.
Dynamic Wind Effects on Buildings with 3D Coupled Modes: Application of High Frequency Force Balance Measurements

Contemporary high-rise buildings with complex geometric profiles and three-dimensional (3D) coupled mode shapes often complicate the use of high frequency force balance (HFFB) technique customarily used in wind tunnel testing for uncoupled buildings. In this study, a comprehensive framework for the coupled building response analysis and the modeling of the associated equivalent static wind loads using the HFFB measurement is presented. This includes modeling of building structural systems whose mass centers at different floors may not be located on a single vertical axis. The building response is separated into the mean, background, and resonant components, which are quantified by modal analysis involving three fundamental modes in two translational and torsional directions. The equivalent static wind load is described in terms of the modal inertial loads. The proposed framework takes into account the cross correlation of wind loads acting in different primary directions and the intermodal coupling of modal responses with closely spaced frequencies. Wind load combination is revisited in the context of modeling of the equivalent static wind loads. A representative tall building with 3D coupled modes and closely spaced frequencies is utilized to demonstrate the proposed framework and to highlight the significance of cross correlation of wind loads and the intermodal coupling of modal responses on the accurate prediction of coupled building response. Additionally, delineation of the proper role of the correlation between integrated loads, modal response, and respective building response components in the evaluation of wind effects on coupled buildings is underscored.
Between Spearheads: Bricolage and Relationships

A narrative perspective was employed to explore the problematic concept `relationship'. Relationships are said to exist either in relational partners' patterned behaviors or in their shared perceptions, although neither alternative is well supported in the literature. In response, the claims were made (1) that relationship narratives transcend the behavior/perception dilemma by both depicting partners' behaviors and reporting their perceptions, and (2) that relationship stories are our primary source of knowledge about relationships. Certain advantages of this approach were developed, and to illustrate them, L6vi-Strauss's concepts of bricoleur and bricolage were used as analytical tools for examining selected relationship stories. The narratives examined were excerpts from James Agee's Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, Russell Baker's Growing Up, and Eudora Welty's One Writer's Beginnings. Their accounts were found to depict persons-in-relationship as well as certain commonly encountered episode types. In ad...
A Paneitz-type operator for CR pluriharmonic functions

We introduce a fourth order CR invariant operator on pluriharmonic functions on a three-dimensional CR manifold, generalizing to the abstract setting the operator discovered by Branson, Fontana and Morpurgo. For a distinguished class of contact forms, all of which have vanishing Hirachi-Q curvature, these operators determine a new scalar invariant with properties analogous to the usual Q-curvature. We discuss how these are similar to the (conformal) Paneitz operator and Q-curvature of a four-manifold, and describe its relation to some problems for three-dimensional CR manifolds.
Adaptive Navigation Support: From Adaptive Hypermedia to the Adaptive Web and Beyond

Adaptive navigation support is a specific group of technologies that support user navigation in "virtual spaces" adapting to the goals, preferences and knowledge of the individual user. These technologies, originally developed in the field of adaptive hypermedia, are becoming increasingly important in several adaptive Web applications from Web-based adaptive hypermedia to adaptive virtual reality. This paper provides a brief introduction to adaptive navigation support, reviews major adaptive navigation support technologies, and presents a sequence of projects performed by our group to study adaptive navigation support in different contexts.
Perceptions of trustworthiness online: the role of visual and textual information

People increasingly rely on social networking websites to initiate personal and professional relationships. This requires that a considerable amount of trust be placed in strangers solely on the basis of their online profiles. This paper examines how the nature of online information affects how trustworthy online daters are perceived. Visual (i.e., photographs) and textual (i.e., "about me" section) information is considered. Results show that textual information elicits the highest ratings of trustworthiness, and that the addition of a photograph decreases daters' perceived trustworthiness. However, the accuracy of trustworthiness impressions is low regardless of the type of information available, because of a truth bias. Results are discussed in terms of (1) hyperpersonal impression formation and the nature of truth bias; and (2) practical implications for building trustworthiness online.
Evidence for the fusion of myoblasts in amphibian embryos. I. Homoplastic transplantations of somitic material labeled with tritiated thymidine

In order to obtain more direct evidence for the occurrence of myoblast fusion in the developing amphibian embryo, the following transplantations were performed in vitro. The nuclei of early embryos. Ambystoma tigrinum and A. maculatum, were labeled with tritiated thymidine. Portions of prospective somite areas from these labeled donors were grafted homoplastically and orthotopically into unlabeled hosts of the same, or nearly the same, stage. The stages employed were: neurula, early tail bud, and late tail bud. Hosts were raised until they had developed into more advanced larval forms, fixed, sectioned, and prepared for radioautographic processing according to the customary procedures. The histological preparations contained varying numbers of multinucleate myotubes of a “composite” nature: that is, individual myotubes contained labeled nuclei of the donor, side by side with unlabeled nuclei of the host. There was no doubt that the mononucleate myoblasts of the grafts had fused with those of the host species to form the mutlinucleate composite myotubes. In addition to the above determinations, the method of thymidine labeling has proven to be a satisfactory method of tracing, in the context of the intact organism, somitic cell derivatives up to the feeding larval stage. Mesenchymal cells from the grafted labeled somitic tissues were consequently found in: dermatomic, sclerotomic and intermyotomic locations; the matrix of the dorsal fin; the limb bud; the abdominal muscles.
Corporate Taxation, Investment and Productivity: A Firm Level Estimation

This paper analyses how corporate taxes can affect investment and productivity. To address this question the paper uses data from a set of 42 developing countries taken from the World Bank Business Environment Surveys and examines whether firms with different sizes are affected differently by taxation. We extend the analysis that has been carried out relating tax rates to investment into the analysis of the impact of taxation on total factor productivity. Investment and productivity are shown to respond negatively to an increase in the corporate tax rate. These effects are stronger in bigger firms.
Matrix decomposition model for investigating prehistoric intracemetery biological variation.

A matrix decomposition model for analyzing prehistoric intracemetery biological variability is presented. The model, based on the correlation between interindividual biological and burial distance matrices, provides an estimate of the number of distinct burial populations interred within a single cemetery, which effectively ameliorates identifiability problems typical of general variability analyses (Raemsch [1995] Ph.D. dissertation, SUNY at Albany). Unlike other methods for analyzing intrasite variability analysis (e.g., kinship analysis and microchronology), this method is not reliant on a priori subgroup definition. Assuming a kin-structured burial pattern, a residual matrix is defined based on the raw data matrices; the proportion of negative or zero residuals to the total number of residuals provides an estimate of the number of hidden subgroupings (lineages) within the cemetery. The comparative utility of the model is demonstrated on a series of protohistoric and historic period skeletal samples from the Georgia coast, where it demonstrated that the increase in phenotypic variability during the early mission period is the result of population aggregation at the missions and not necessarily genetic admixture between local and nonlocal groups.
Process Integration of Composite High-k Tunneling Dielectric for Nanocrystal Based Carbon Nanotube Memory

Recently, metal nanocrystal (NC) based carbon nanotube (CNT) memory has been demonstrated with sub-5V low bias programming, single electron sensitivity, but poor roomtemperature retention. The process integration of an ultra-thin tunnel dielectric is essential for lateral, vertical scaling and reliable room-temperature operations. Low defect density and conformal deposition on the nanotube are required to enhance the performance as a tunnel barrier. Additionally, Au contamination in the CNT decreases the on/off current ratio in the CNTFETs by substantially increasing the off current. Consequently, the dielectric should function as a good diffusion barrier for Au in the nanocrystals. We have explored composite tunneling dielectric film with SiO2 seed layer for conformal high-k deposition to demonstrate minimal Au contamination and improved retention. Room temperature retention of better than three days has been observed.
Surgical trainee participation during infrainguinal bypass grafting procedures is associated with increased early postoperative graft failure

Objective This study was conducted to determine the potential effect of surgical trainee participation during infrainguinal bypass procedures on postoperative graft patency rates. Methods Data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Participant User Files from 2005 through 2009 were retrospectively reviewed, using propensity score matching, to identify all patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass grafting procedures, excluding those who had prior operation ≤30 days of the index procedure. A separate analysis was performed on a subset of procedures from the entire NSQIP sample that was matched on propensity for intraoperative surgical trainee participation. The primary predictor variable was intraoperative surgical trainee participation. The main outcome measure was the 30-day postoperative graft failure rate. Results For the entire sample of 14,723 NSQIP patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass grafting, 30-day graft failure rates were significantly higher when a surgical trainee participated (5.8%) vs without participation (3.9%; P P = .02). Conclusions Surgical trainee participation is an independent risk factor for technical failure after infrainguinal bypass grafting. Prospective evaluation is needed to determine the cause of this increase in graft failure rates for procedures that involve surgical trainees.
Trapping of Interstitials During Ion Implantation In Silicon

The solid phase epitaxial regrowth of silicon implanted with a group V dopant, such as antimony, results in excellent incorporation of the dopant atoms into silicon lattice sites. However, annealing at higher temperatures or longer times results in transient dopant precipitation with a diffusion coefficient up to five orders of magnitude above that of tracer diffusion and with a reduced activation energy. This precipitation is accompanied by the nucleation of dislocation loops that are interstitial in nature, and the transient ceases as the dislocation loops develop. It is believed that Si interstitials are trapped in a stable defect complex during the implantation process. Although they survive SPE these complexes dissolve at higher temperatures and release a large supply of interstitials which serve to promote dopant migration via an interstitialcy mechanism until they condense to form the observed dislocation loops. By following the Sb implantation with an implantation of B to an equivalent concentration profile the loop formation is efficiently suppressed. For higher B concentrations the Sb precipitation is no longer observed. Results for As implantation are similar to Sb except that As precipitates cannot be directly observed. Calculations of the dopant and interstitial concentration depth distributions were also performed.
Neural correlates of the implicit association test: evidence for semantic and emotional processing

The implicit association test (IAT) has been widely used in social cognitive research over the past decade. Controversies have arisen over what cognitive processes are being tapped into using this task. While most models use behavioral (RT) results to support their claims, little research has examined neurocognitive correlates of these behavioral measures. The present study measured event-related brain potentials (ERPs) of participants while completing a gay-straight IAT in order to further understand the processes involved in a typical group bias IAT. Results indicated significantly smaller N400 amplitudes and significantly larger LPP amplitudes for compatible trials than for incompatible trials, suggesting that both the semantic and emotional congruence of stimuli paired together in an IAT trial contribute to the typical RT differences found, while no differences were present for earlier ERP components including the N2. These findings are discussed with respect to early and late processing in group bias IATs.
CMOS amplifier designs for Josephson-CMOS interface circuits

We discuss the design of CMOS amplifiers for Josephson-CMOS interface circuits in three different application scenarios, these circuits form important building-blocks of Josephson-CMOS memories, A/D converters (ADC), and other novel circuits, all these designs have been implemented in the UC Berkeley Josephson-CMOS technology. >
Why Am I Not Disabled? Making State Subjects, Making Statistics in Post‐;Mao China

In this article I examine how and why disability was defined and statistically quantified by China's party-state in the late 1980s. I describe the unfolding of a particular epidemiological undertaking--China's 1987 National Sample Survey of Disabled Persons--as well as the ways the survey was an extension of what Ian Hacking has called modernity's "avalanche of numbers." I argue that, to a large degree, what fueled and shaped the 1987 survey's codification and quantification of disability was how Chinese officials were incited to shape their own identities as they negotiated an array of social, political, and ethical forces, which were at once national and transnational in orientation.
Minimizing Inlet Distortion for Hybrid Wing Body Aircraft

A study of boundary-layer-ingesting flow in an upper-mounted offset inlet in NASA’s hybrid wing body transport concept for achieving environmental and performance requirements has been carried out. The study aims specifically at minimizing flow distortion stemming from the ingested low-momentum fluid to the level acceptable to the operation of fan blades. In this paper, we will focus on using a discrete adjoint method to arrive at an optimized wall geometry, which is parametrically represented by design variables, for transonic turbulent flows described by 3D Navier-Stokes equations supplemented with κ–ω–SST turbulence model. Of special interest herein is the flow physics resulting from optimization, revealing the intricate connections to the remarkable reduction in flow distortion and total pressure losses at the engine face. It is discovered that the secondary counter-rotating vortex pair commonly seen in an S-inlet is eliminated by energizing both core and boundary-layer fluids through the change of wall shape by a series of peaks and valleys, whose magnitudes and wave forms being functions of locations and unknown a priori are determined by the discrete adjoint method. Moreover, the optimal shape still holds similar level of superior performance at off-design conditions. The result may suggest a possible paradigm shift in flow control concept, away from disruptive penalty-ridden devices, by properly conditioning and guiding the flow.
A Comprehensive Crossbar Array Model With Solutions for Line Resistance and Nonlinear Device Characteristics

This paper presents a comprehensive crossbar array model that incorporates line resistance and nonlinear device characteristics. The model can be solved using matrix algebra and is suitable for statistical analysis. The nonlinear device solution enables the assessment of crossbar arrays with diode or nonlinear select devices. The calculation based on this model shows that voltage and current degradation due to line resistance are not negligible even for small crossbar arrays, which constrains feasible array size. Diode and nonlinear select devices significantly improve the sensing margin of reading operation and the voltage window of writing operation. This model provides a quantitative tool for accurate analysis of crossbar arrays and the evaluation of memory select devices.
Guaranteed transient performance with L 1 adaptive controller for nonlinear strict feedback systems

This paper presents the L 1 adaptive control architecture for nonlinear strict feedback systems in the presence of unknown high frequency control gain and unknown time-varying nonlinearities.We prove that the L 1 adaptive control architecture ensures guaranteed transient response for system's input and output signals simultaneously. Simulations of an airplane short period dynamics verify the theoretical findings.
Robust performance design of PID controllers with inverse multiplicative uncertainty

In this paper a graphical method is introduced for finding all proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers that satisfy a robust performance constraint for a given single-input-single-output (SISO) linear time invariant (LTI) transfer function of any order with time-delay. This problem can be solved by finding all achievable PID controllers that simultaneously stabilize the closed-loop characteristic polynomial and satisfy constraints defined by a set of related complex polynomials. Inverse multiplicative modeling is used to describe the uncertainty of unstable perturbed system. A key advantage of this procedure is that it only depends on the frequency response of the system and does not require the plant transfer function coefficients. If the plant transfer function is given, the procedure is still appropriate. Inverse multiplicative modeling often allows for designs with reduced conservativeness in the unstable pole uncertainty and it increases the size of the set of all PID controllers that robustly meet the performance requirements.
Borosilicate Glass‐Induced Fiber Degradation of SiC/BN/SiC Composites Exposed in Combustion Environments

Three SiC/BN/SiC composite specimens reinforced with different SiC fibers (Sylramic, Sylramic-iBN, and Hi-Nicalon Type S) were exposed in a combustion environment. Exposures were carried out for 151 h in a fuel-lean high pressure burner rig at 0.9 MPa total pressure, sample temperatures near 1573 K, and a gas velocity of 15 m/s. Weight loss of all three composites was observed. Extensive oxidation of SiC fibers was observed in cracked locations. A mechanism based on borosilicate enhanced oxidation coupled with volatilization of boria is described. Ramifications of this degradation mechanism are discussed for long-term applications of SiC/BN/SiC composites in combustion environments.
Implicit relational learning in a multiple-object tracking task.

Abstract We studied implicit relational learning by embedding contextual relational information into a multiple-object tracking task. In two experiments, participants were instructed to track two or four out of eight moving objects and report at the end of the trial whether a single cued object was among those they tracked (yes/no task). The stimulus display also contained two background strips of different width. In the informative condition, the location of the cued object predicted the correct choice: If the answer was "yes", then the cued object was always located next to the narrower strip; otherwise, it was always located next to the wider strip (or vice versa). In the random condition, the location of the object did not predict the correct choice. Participants in the informative condition consistently displayed lower tracking accuracy than in the random condition, possibly due to attentional demands introduced by implicit relational task. At the same time, participants in the informative condition demonstrated no awareness of the task structure; instead, their reports were consistent with the attempts to track moving objects. Our task can provide a suitable model for studying implicit relational learning in adult participants that is essential for establishing generality of factors affecting relational learning.
Will Oil and Gas Issuers Leave U.S. Equity Markets in Response to Section 1504 of the Dodd-Frank Act? Can They Afford Not To?

Section 1504 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act seeks to bring greater transparency to extractive-related payments made to governments by resource extraction issuers required to report to the Securities and Exchange Commission. It does so by requiring resource extraction issuers to disclose non-de minimus payments made to foreign governments to further the commercial development of oil, natural gas, or minerals. There is substantial concern among industry participants that companies subject to Section 1504 may be placed at a competitive disadvantage vis-a-vis companies not subject to the reporting requirements. This Note, focusing on the oil and gas industry, identifies the major companies that will be subject to the regulation, the potential competitive disadvantages that they may face, and whether these companies can credibly threaten to leave U.S. equity markets in response to the regulation. This Note argues that the failure of Section 1504 to achieve broad coverage of oil and gas companies will place regulated companies at a competitive disadvantage with respect to their unregulated competitors. This Note analyzes the international stock exchange participation of the top fifty oil and gas companies and finds that, in response to these competitive disadvantages, certain companies may delist from U.S. exchanges.
Funds Statements: The APB Was Twice Behind the Curve

This paper discusses the circumstances in which the Accounting Principles Board issued Opinions 3 and 19, in 1963 and 1971, respectively, when the Board encouraged and then required companies to publish a statement of source and application of funds, known as the funds statement. In doing so, the Board both times lagged behind company practice and the views of influential organizations, including the New York Stock Exchange and the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Toward a More Enlightened Securities Jurisprudence in the Supreme Court? Don't Bank on it Anytime Soon

This article discusses the Central Bank v. First Interstate Bank decision [114 S. Ct. 1439 (1994)], and its essential holding that no private right of action for damages exists against aiders & abettors of those who commit securities fraud under § 10(b) of the 1934 Securities Exchange Act. Author James redwood takes exception to the ruling in Central Bank and the method by which it was decided, which effectively threw out a long line of lower court cases upholding a private plaintiff’s right to sue secondary participants in fraud actions. The article analyzes the Supreme Court’s “lexicographic” method of deciding securities cases, ultimately concluding that such method is unnecessarily inflexible and inconsistently applied. Redwood provides and argument for the retention of the tripartite test for aiding & abetting liability, and provides an extended discussion of how the actions of Central Bank fit the knowledge / scienter prong of the test. The article further discusses how provisions of the 1939 Trust Indenture Act (TIA) indicate that the Court was wrong in dismissing the actions of Central Bank in the present case. Redwood concludes rather than simply “...thumb[ing] through a Webster’s dictionary...” when called upon to review § 10(b) cases, the Supreme Court owes a more rigorous duty to the securities bar when confronted with securities cases in the future. Instead of utilizing the begrudgingly formalistic and “lexicographic” method applied in Central Bank, Redwood proffers “[o]nly through rigorous, sustained analysis of the securities statutes, in light of the purposes and policies behind their enactment, can the [Supreme] Court properly serve as supreme interpreter of the laws.”
New technique for capturing stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae).

In the secondary testing of new insecticides for the control of biting flies (cage test), laboratory-reared starved stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are released into a cage with a treated bovine. After a 2-hr period, flies are recaptured and held 24 hr to determine mortality (Roberts, Jones & Gless, 1960, J. Econ. Ent. 53 : 301–03; Blume, Roberts, Eschle & Matter, 1971, J. Econ. Ent. 64 : 1193–96). Because the noise of a vacuum cleaner or suction device disturbs the animal and the flies and because suction often injures engorged flies, the recapturing is done by hand. Previously, a hand-held 8-dr vial was placed over a fly, and once a fly had entered the vial, the vial was closed (the operator placed his thumb over cage the opening). The fly was then transferred to a holding container. About 1 to 1-1/2 hr was required to recapture the flies individually from the walls, ceilings, and other surfaces of the cage and transfer them to a holding container.
Instituting freedom: Steve Buckler and Hannah Arendt on an Engaged Political Theory

Steve Buckler’s Hannah Arendt and Political Theory is most revealing in the final chapter, ‘‘The Role of the Theorist.’’ I did not know Buckler, but this final chapter of his last book must stand as his apologia, his attempt—mediated through Arendt—to offer an account of a lifelong pursuit of an engaged politics. The theorist, Buckler writes, thinks and speaks from ‘‘the standpoint of the reflective citizen rather than [the standpoint] Arendt takes to be the traditionally accented voice of the philosopher’’ (154). He writes political theory as a citizen first, which means that he shows a general concern for ‘‘the enactment of the political and the conditions of its sustainability—the common world that provides us with grounds of common sense and terms within which we can interact coherently’’ (154). Unlike so much political theorizing today that takes critical thinking to demand criticism of everything, Buckler insists that theorists ‘‘must now share a common concern with the actor—albeit from a different experiential perspective—a concern with the world and with its unguaranteed active maintenance’’ (161). The thinker today must think ‘‘for the sake of the world,’’—he must love the world—and thus must attend to the world and even tend to the worldly in ways that moderate the unlimited criticism of those theorists who do not recognize the precariousness of the modern world. While Buckler’s theorist does not abandon a critical vocabulary, he does see that criticism cannot become the abstract core of the theoretical enterprise. Tied closely to everyday politics and always thought through examples, Buckler’s approach to theory illuminates Arendt’s insistence that the theorists remain in the world. The political theorist ‘‘craves the life of the mind [but] must nevertheless engage with the
Fluorine doping in the VAD sintering process

Fluorine is an attractive dopant for silica based optical fibers because it reduces the refractive index of silica glass without any additional loss as opposed to a boron dopant.1 A typical example of the fluorine-doped fiber Is a depressed cladding single-mode fiber. The fiber was fabricated by a direct flame hydrolysis of SiCl4 in the presence of fluorine containing dopant in the VAD method. The maximum depression of the refractive index [Δn(F)] was −0.22%.2
Variation in Song Sparrow Nest Defense: Individual Consistency and Relationship to Nest Success

I studied nest defense in 53 female Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) on Mandarte Island, British Columbia, between 1994 and 1995. A total of 75 trials was conducted by presenting a Northwestern Crow (Corvus caurinus) and a Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) mount near nests during incubation. Female Song Sparrows spent more time perched close to the crow than the junco mount, and alarm called more often in the presence of the crow. Female responses were unrelated to their age and were not correlated with the subsequent success of their nests. Individual female responses to the junco, but not the crow mount, in 1994 were significantly positively correlated with their responses in 1995. Individual responses to a predator model may not be consistent from year to year because of experiences with live predators or the inherent variability of nest defense behavior.
Power quality disturbance signal classification using support vector machine based on feature combination

In view of power quality disturbance(PQD)characteristic,the author discussed the feature selection of PQD classification and proposed a new method of PQD classification which adopts features combination.In this paper,first the power quality measurement,wavelet energy and RMS were calculated,and the combination feature was combined.Then SVM was used to class.At last,the correlative parameter of single feature and combination feature was compared in order to select the best combination feature.In the experiment,the experiment data came from three aspects which are emulation data by math model,data generated by Fluke 6100 and data from the local collected by power quality monitor net.The results indicate that the new method above is right and feasible.
The evaluation of clinical curative effect of children's acute bronchitis syrup

Objective: To make the curative effect of children' s cough by children' s acute bronchitis syrup(CABS). Methods: The accompanied cough and (or)phlegm ill children with acute upper respiratory infection.bronchitis and pneumonia was divided into three groups, and was observed five days by treatment of the ceased coughing in the base of synthetic treatments of the added CABS. Results: Clinical curative effect was not difference in every age group and every illness group. Striking effective rate was 56%, invalid rate was 5. 5% , and effective rate was 94. 5% . The chief of medicine side effect was light belly reaction (2. 2% ), and might vanish if we didn t stop medicine. Conclusion: Clinical curative effect of CABS was significant in treating children's cough at any ages, we didn's discover the damage of liver,kidney and skin. It is an ideal Chinese medicine what treats children coughing.
CSF herpes virus and autoantibody profiles in the evaluation of encephalitis

Objective: To report the frequency of coexisting herpes viruses (herpes simplex virus 1 [HSV-1] or HSV-2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], cytomegalovirus, or human herpes virus 6 [HHV-6]) and autoantibodies in patients with encephalitis (herpes or autoimmune) in clinical laboratory service. Methods: Three groups were evaluated for herpes viruses and antibodies: group 1—patients whose CSF was positive for a herpes virus by real-time PCR over a period of 6 months; group 2—patients whose CSF was positive for an autoimmune encephalitis–associated antibody over 5 years (e.g., NMDA receptor [NMDA-R] antibody), and the same number of controls without autoimmune/infectious disease; and group 3—incidental autoimmune parainfectious encephalitis cases encountered over 1 year. Results: In group 1, antibodies were detected in 27 of 100 herpes PCR-positive CSF specimens (CSFs), either unclassified neural or nonneural in all but one patient with NMDA-R antibody detected after EBV infection. Antibodies were also detected in 3 of 7 CSFs submitted for repeat PCR testing (unclassified, 2; AMPA receptor, 1). In group 2, herpes viruses were detected in 1 of 77 controls (HHV-6) and 4 of 77 patients with autoimmune encephalitis (EBV, 2; HHV-6, 2); autoantibodies targeted NMDA-R in 3/4 and GABA B -R in 1/4. In group 3, NMDA-R antibody was detected in 7 patients post–HSV-1 encephalitis. Of the remaining 3 patients, 2 had unclassified neural antibodies detected, and one had GABA B -R autoimmunity. Concomitant neoplasms were discovered in 2 patients each from groups 2 and 3. Conclusions: Autoantibodies and herpes virus DNA frequently coexist in encephalitic CSF. Some patients develop parainfectious autoimmunity following viral CNS infection (usually HSV-1 encephalitis). The significance of detecting herpes nucleic acids in others remains unclear.
Management of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) Failures

A portion of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis will present with disease which does not respond to either maximal medical or surgical therapy. Otherwise known as recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis, this presents a particularly frustrating and difficult challenge to physicians and patients alike. When faced with recalcitrant disease, it is important to take a multifaceted approach. In patients who have had previous surgery, evaluation of the sinonasal cavities for certain anatomic factors which contribute to management failure is necessary. Previously undiagnosed medical conditions complicating the disease process must also be considered. Finally, the type and delivery of topical therapies must be reviewed with all available options considered. The following is a review of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with a focus on further workup and management of these patients.
Reducing Medication Errors and Improving Systems Reliability Using an Electronic Medication Reconciliation System

Article-at-a-Glance Background Medication reconciliation (MedRecon) has been a Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goal since 2006. However, there is scant literature on the evaluation of electronic MedRecon systems in reducing medication errors and on improving reliability of the MedRecon process. Methods An electronic MedRecon system was designed and implemented in an acute inpatient care facility. Two analyses were performed: (1) one based on a 2-week pilot evaluation of the system based on 120 MedRecon events, and (2) a more comprehensive 17-month evaluation of the system, based on 19,356 MedRecon events. Results The unintended discrepancy rate between a patient's home medications and admission medication orders was reduced from 20% during the pilot phase to 1.4%. The omission of a home medication was the most common type of discrepancy. Nighttime admission (8 p.m.–8 a.m.), total home medications > four, patient age > 65 years, and resident physician performing the medication reconciliation were found to have a significant positive correlation (p Discussion Using a multidisciplinary process based on an electronic system substantially reduced medication errors on admission, suggesting that an electronic MedRecon system can be an important tool in improving patient safety. The use of an interactive reminder alert in the MedRecon system improved systems reliability by ensuring physician compliance with MedRecon performance. Although computerized physician order entry (CPOE) decision support tools are an important component of medication error prevention strategies, they alone are not sufficient to prevent errors of prescribing.
The E-merging Geography of the Information Society: From Accessibility to Adaptability

Issues related to the reconceptualization of access and accessibility in the information age have received significant attention from both policy makers and academic researchers in recent years (Couclelis 1996, Handy and Niemeier 1997, Kwan 1999, Litan and Niskanen 1998, Leebaert 1998, Miller 1999). This growing interest is attributed partly to the central importance of access and accessibility in geographic theories and models, and is caused partly by the extraordinary innovations in communication and transportation technologies in the late 20th century (Hodge 1997, Hanson 1998). From recent literature, one concludes that there is little consensus on how to define (much less how to measure) access and accessibility in the information age. Most authors do seem to agree that the traditional conceptualizations of access and accessibility are incapable of capturing the new reality and that we need to redefine and reconceptualize accessibility in light of the new Internet-led revolution in telecommunications (See Chapter 16 by Hanson and Chapter 17 by Occelli). However, few have asked the fundamental questions: why are we so obsessed with the access and accessibility issues, and what exactly are their roles in our social and economic lives? If the dazzling development in telecommunications has rendered the definition of access and accessibility so elusive that they defy conventional measurements, what kind of alternative questions can we ask to better understand the E-merging geography of the information society?
Experiments on the Isolation and Cultivation of Protoplasts and Calli from Agriculturally Important Plants II. Soybean (Glycine max L.)1, 2)1)Aided by grants to the second author from Mr. Albert Nerken and from the RANN program of the National Science Foundation.2)Dedicated to Professor Dr. Kurt Mothes on his 75th birthday.

Summary Soybean callus has been cultured in a variety of ways on different defined media in an attempt to induce differentiation of formed organs and entire plants. To simulate the normally polar supply of auxin and cytokinin, some experiments were performed with divided petri plates containing differing concentrations and types of growth regulators in the separate compartments and also petri plates containing basal medium in which troughs were formed and filled with either auxin or cytokinin. In addition, media with varying cytokinin/auxin ratios and different kinds of cytokinin and auxin molecules were screened for organ-forming potential. The first two types of experiments induced growth regulator polarity in callus pieces, seen as altered callus morphology and altered isoperoxidase profiles, but no organization of roots or shoots occurred. Root induction occurred most frequently in the latter type of experiment on modified Gamborg B5 medium. Use of freshly induced stem and leaf callus exposed to varying media implicate thiamine concentration in conjunction with cytokinin/auxin ratio in root induction. Protoplasts have been isolated from callus tissue, stem segments and soybean embryos by treatment with 0.75% Driselase plus 0.75% Onozuka cellulase R10 in solid or liquid preparations. Leaf tissue exposed to the same conditions releases single cells but no protoplasts. Various media have been used for washing and culturing these protoplasts. Protoplasts have formed walls, but no divisions have been seen, despite prolonged culture.
MarH, a Bifunctional Enzyme Involved in the Condensation and Hydroxylation Steps of the Marineosin Biosynthetic Pathway

A novel bifunctional enzyme, MarH, has been identified, and its key functional role in the marineosin biosynthesis successfully probed. MarH catalyzes (1) a condensation step between 4-methoxy-2,2′-bipyrrole-5-carboxaldehyde (MBC) and 2-undecylpyrrole (UP) to form undecylprodiginine (UPG) and (2) hydroxylation of the alkyl chain of UPG to form the (S)-23-hydroxyundecylprodiginine (HUPG), which is essential for MarG catalyzed bicyclization toward the formation of an unusual spiro-tetrahydropyran-aminal ring of marineosins. The final enigmatic steps in the marineosin biosynthesis have now been deciphered.
A Global Perspective of Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas affected by human activity. About half of the CO2 emitted from fossil fuel combustion remains in the atmosphere, contributing to rising temperatures, while the other half is absorbed by natural land and ocean carbon reservoirs. Despite the importance of CO2, many questions remain regarding the processes that control these fluxes and how they may change in response to a changing climate. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), launched on July 2, 2014, is NASA's first satellite mission designed to provide the global view of atmospheric CO2 needed to better understand both human emissions and natural fluxes. This visualization shows how column CO2 mixing ratio, the quantity observed by OCO-2, varies throughout the year. By observing spatial and temporal gradients in CO2 like those shown, OCO-2 data will improve our understanding of carbon flux estimates. But, CO2 observations can't do that alone. This visualization also shows that column CO2 mixing ratios are strongly affected by large-scale weather systems. In order to fully understand carbon flux processes, OCO-2 observations and atmospheric models will work closely together to determine when and where observed CO2 came from. Together, the combination of high-resolution data and models will guide climate models towards more reliable predictions of future conditions.
Diagnosis and prognosis of neo-liberal globalization: From the Tea Party movement’s perspective:

Alter-globalization movement (AGM) studies have been thus far focused almost exclusively on the left movements’ struggles against neo-liberal globalization. This article uses the Tea Party movement...
Cost‐effective teaching of radiology with preclinical anatomy

Graduating physicians in all subspecialties have an increased need for competency in radiology, particularly since the use of diagnostic imaging continues to grow. To integrate the teaching of radiology with anatomy during the first year of medical school at Howard University, a novel approach was developed to overcome the limitations of resources including funding, faculty, and curricular time. The resulting program relies on self-study and peer-to-peer interactions to develop proficiency at manipulating free versions of medical image viewer software (using the DICOM standard), identifying normal anatomy in medical images, and applying critical thinking skills to understand common clinical conditions. An effective collaborative relationship between a radiologist and anatomist was necessary to develop and implement the program of anatomic-radiographic instruction which consists of five tiers: (1) initial exposure to anatomy through dissection which provides a foundation of knowledge; (2) study of annotated radiographs from atlases; (3) a radiology quiz open to group discussions; (4) small group study of clinical cases with diagnostic images; and (5) radiographic tests. Students took all quizzes and tests by working from image datasets preloaded on their personal computers, mimicking the approach by which radiologists analyze medical images. In addition to stimulating student support of a new teaching initiative, the strengths of Howard's program are that it can be introduced into an existing preclinical curriculum in almost any medical school with minimal disruption, it requires few additional resources to implement and run, and its design is consistent with the principles of modern education theory. Anat Sci Educ 11: 196-206. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
Abstract 3066: Mitochondrial ATP-binding Cassette Protein-1 (mABC1) Plays a Role in Mitochondrial Iron Homeostasis and Cytosolic Iron-Sulfur Protein Assembly

Mitochondria play an important role in regulating cell death and survival. We have shown that overexpression of a novel mitochondrial protein, the mitochondrial ATP-binding cassette protein 1 (mABC1), protects neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) against oxidant-induced cell death, however, the primary function of this protein is not known. Since the yeast homolog of mABC1 plays a role in mitochondrial iron homeostasis, we hypothesized that the primary function of mABC1 is to export iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters out of mitochondria for subsequent cytosolic Fe/S protein maturation. We took in vitro and in vivo approaches to study this hypothesis. Overexpression of mABC1 using an adenovirus in NRCM resulted in a significant decrease in mitochondrial non-heme iron (67.9±15.7 vs 80.2±19.0 ng/100 μ g mitochondrial protein for mABC1 vs GFP transduced cells; P P P