cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unpacking Logan: The Construction of Masculinity in the American Girl Boy Doll

In 2017, Mattel’s American Girl (AG) brand announced the release of the dolls Tenney, a singer, and Logan, her bandmate and the brand’s first 18-inch boy doll. This chapter explores the marketing of the Logan doll, including product development, narrative construction, and catalog advertising, as well as consumer response to its release. In the brand’s books, we find that Logan is depicted as a stereotypical teen boy who boastfully bangs on drums and suppresses his emotions. Tenney is portrayed as having a normatively feminine responsibility to unpack Logan’s moods, decode what he is thinking, and make him happy. Logan was released only one month after the presidential inauguration of Donald Trump, which many in the USA viewed as an attack on feminism. Their feelings exacerbated by the political moment, some consumers resented the inclusion of a boy doll by a girl-centric brand, and they attributed traits of hegemonic masculinity—including the mistreatment of women by men in romantic relationships—to Logan. We argue that the dolls’ messaging, which reifies hegemonic masculinity and normative femininity, along with the timing of their release, lacked the feminist critique necessary for real gender progressivism in toy marketing.
The Global Structure of Codimension-2 Local Bifurcations in Continuous-Time Recurrent Neural Networks

If we are ever to move beyond the study of isolated special cases in theoretical neuroscience, we need to develop more general theories of neural circuits over a given neural model. The present paper considers this challenge in the context of continuous-time recurrent neural networks (CTRNNs), a simple but dynamically-universal model that has been widely utilized in both computational neuroscience and neural networks. Here we extend previous work on the parameter space structure of codimension-1 local bifurcations in CTRNNs to include codimension-2 local bifurcation manifolds. Specifically, we derive the necessary conditions for all generic local codimension-2 bifurcations for general CTRNNs, specialize these conditions to circuits containing from one to four neurons, illustrate in full detail the application of these conditions to example circuits, derive closed-form expressions for these bifurcation manifolds where possible, and demonstrate how this analysis allows us to find and trace several global codimension-1 bifurcation manifolds that originate from the codimension-2 bifurcations.
A finite volume scheme for the two fluid plasma system

Summary form only given. We present our work on a numerical one-dimensional two fluid plasma solver. We take the collisionless, nonrelativistic system of equations consisting of ion continuity, ion momentum, ion energy, combined with electron continuity, electron momentum and electron energy, coupled with the full electrodynamic Maxwell's equations. The algorithm is a first-order time, second-order space finite volume formulation of a Roe-type approximate Riemann solver and uses flux limiters for good shock resolution without spurious oscillations. We address the issue of stiffness introduced by the speed of light and the stiffness associated with the strong coupling of the source terms in the hyperbolic system. Both explicit and implicit schemes are developed and the advantages of the implicit scheme are discussed. It is shown how the algorithm may be extended to multiple dimensions. The algorithm is tested on various numerical and physical problems including electrostatic and electromagnetic two fluid plasma waves and shock problems comparing the two fluid results to the MHD results.
Elastic Properties of Metal-Matrix Composites

Thin metal matrix composite rods elastic properties, examining Al-W system by Young and shear modulus measurements
Vitamin A Deficiency and Fetal Growth and Development in the Rat

Studies were conducted to examine in detail the effects of vitamin A deficiency on fetal growth and development in the rat. The gradations of deficiency were examined in two studies. The first included total vitamin A depletion followed by retinoic acid supplements, and the second included three different levels of restricted intake of retinyl acetate (42, 16, or 8 mug of retinol equivalents/day/kg of body weight) in vitamin A-depleted rats. In the first study, extensive fetal resorption and death were observed in retinoic acid-fed females after day 14 of gestation. These findings confirmed the morphological studies of Thompson and associates (Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. B 159, 510-535, 1964) who found the earliest Detectable histological lesions to be in the placentas at days 15-16 of pregnancy. Analyses were carried out of the total weight, the DNA, RNA, and protein contents of fetuses and placentas of different gestational ages in retinyl ester-fed and retinoic acid-fed females. Biochemical changes indicative of a reduced rate of cell division were observed in both fetus and placenta by day 14 in the retinoic acid-fed rats. The few live fetuses in this group maintained a growth rate of only 60-70% of that of the fetuses of retinyl ester-fed dams after day 14. By contrast, the growth rate of the placentas (of live fetuses) after day 14 of gestation was not as consistently affected by retinol deficiency. Restriction of retinyl acetate intake (in the second study) significantly reduced both the total litter size and the number of live pups per litter. Most of the females in the retinyl acetate-restricted groups delivered pups that had normal body weight and appeared normal on visual inspection. Significant differences from normal controls were seen only in the neonates from dams given 8 mug of retinol equivalents (per kg of body weight per day), which had smaller livers and kidneys than the control neonates. In contrast, the weights of the brains of the neonates in all three retinyl acetate-restricted groups showed no differences from control values. Vitamin A assays on maternal and neonatal sera and livers indicated that the transport of vitamin A across the placenta was well regulated, and suggested that this transport is maintained with high priority in the presence of maternal deficiency. The effects of vitamin A deficiency on fetal growth and development might reflect primary effects on the placenta, with secondary effects on the fetus, or primary direct effects on the fetus itself. The mechanisms of the observed effects remain to be explained.
Tight focusing and blue shifting of millijoule femtosecond pulses from a conical axicon amplifier

We focus millijoule femtosecond pulses to a spot radius of 2 μm after amplification free of phase-front distortion in a Nd:YAG-pumped conical axicon dye cell. Peak focal intensities reach 1016 W/cm2, creating an intense spark that is caused by air breakdown at the focus. Intensity-dependent blue shifts of the pulse spectrum as large as 11 nm are observed as a result of temporally asymmetric self-phase modulation in the air-breakdown plasma.
Stable isotope analysis can potentially identify completely-digested bloodmeals in mosquitoes.

Background Vertebrate bloodfeeding is a critical component of a mosquito's ability to transmit pathogens that cause diseases such as malaria, dengue fever and viral encephalitis. Due to degradation by the digestive process, current methods to identify mosquito bloodmeal sources are only useful for approximately 36 hours post-feeding. A critical need exists for technologies to extend this window and gain a more complete picture of mosquito feeding behavior for epidemiological studies. Stable isotopes are useful for investigating organism feeding behavior because the isotopic ratio of an organism's tissues reflects that of the material it ingests. Methodology/Principal Findings Proof-of-principle data indicates that after bloodfeeding, Aedes albopictus mosquitoes acquire diagnostic Carbon and Nitrogen stable isotope profiles from their vertebrate hosts that can be accurately identified one week post-feeding, approximately 4 days after the entire bloodmeal has been digested. Total C/N ratio served as a biomarker marker for bloodfeeding (P<0.02), while δN was the most informative variable which could distinguish between unfed, chicken-fed and human-fed mosquitoes (P<0.01). By plotting C/N vs. δN, all feeding treatments could be identified in a double-blind analysis. Conclusions/Significance These proof-of-principle experiments indicate that analysis of stable isotopes can be used to distinguish bloodfed from unfed mosquitoes, and also distinguish between different vertebrate bloodmeal sources even after all blood has been digested. The development of stable isotope-based assays for mosquito bloodmeal identification may be a powerful tool to investigate mosquito feeding ecology and the dynamics of vector-borne pathogens.
Depression and disability associated with impaired vision: the MoVies Project.

OBJECTIVE: To assess how depression and impaired vision relate to disability in older people. DESIGN: An epidemiological survey of an age-stratified random community sample. SETTING: The rural mid-Monongahela Valley in Southwestern Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 872 noninstitutionalized persons aged 68 and older, fluent in English, and with at least a grade 6 education. MEASUREMENTS: Demographics, self-reported vision impairment, OARS Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale to assess depression. RESULTS: Compared with subjects with intact vision, those with impaired vision were more likely to have five or more depressive symptoms (29.7% vs 8.5%; OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 2.2, 9.6) and to be more functionally impaired (OR = 9.7, 95% CI = 4.9, 19.2). The number of depressive symptoms (1–4: OR = 2.4, CI = 1.8,3.4) and (5 +: OR = 5.9, CI = 3.6, 9.8) was associated independently with IADL impairment after controlling for vision, age, and gender. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired vision and depression are both associated strongly with functional impairment in this community population of older adults. Depression, however, increases the odds of functional impairment independent of vision impairment. Treating depression may reduce excess disability associated with impaired vision. J Am Geriatr Soc 46:617–619, 1998.
Comment on the growth of electron trapped drift instability with magnetic shear

Abstract Finite parallel wavelength is taken into account to discuss the growth rate of electron trapped drift instability with sheared toroidal magnetic system. The growth rate decreases with shear length for the case of long connection length.
The Role of Light and Growth Regulators in the Opening of the Dentaria Petiolar Hook

The phenomenon of the etiolated hook is not restricted to the hypocotyl of the dicotyledenous plant (e.g., Phaseolus) but appears to serve a similar, adaptive function in the petioles of certain rhizomatous plants. The commonly employed regulants of hypocotyl hook opening were tested for their effect on the petiolar hook of Dentaria diphylla. The hook was found to require both light (red light promoted, far red inhibited) and the intact leaf for opening. The leaf requirement was fully replaced by gibberellic acid (0.04% in lanolin) but only in light; cobalt chloride (0.1-1.0 mm) promoted a partial opening in dark with or without leaf; and coumarin (1 mm), indoleacetic acid (1-4% in lanolin), and ethylene 10 microliter per liter all inhibited opening of hooks with or without lamina. The absolute requirement for light and leaf tissue and the replacement of proximal tissue by GA(3) alone represent marked differences in the physiology of hypocotyl and petiolar hooks. These differences are believed to indicate the necessity for concomitant leaf maturation in petiolar hook opening.
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: A personal approach to management

SUMMARY Skin disease in patients with lupus erythematosus may be subdivided into two broad categories – those lesions that when biopsied demonstrate interface dermatitis and those that do not demonstrate interface dermatitis. The skin lesions that are represented by the interface dermatitis include discoid lupus erythematosus, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Patients with these ‘specific’ manifestations have varying degrees of systemic involvement from rare systemic disease in patients with localized discoid lupus erythematosus to common and often severe involvement in patients with acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Patients who do not demonstrate interface dermatitis also may have systemic disease and in some instances the skin manifestations are linked to some of the more severe systemic manifestations. Many patients with cutaneous lesions characterized by the interface dermatitis can be controlled with ‘standard’ therapies including sunscreens, protective clothing and behavioural alteration, and topical corticosteroids with or without an oral antimalarial agent. This review presents a brief summary of each common cutaneous manifestation of lupus erythematosus, its relationship to systemic involvement and treatment issues to effectively deal with the lupus erythematosus patient who has skin disease.
Neutron-Induced Latch-Up Immunity in Metal Gate CMOS Integrated Circuits

Neutron-induced latch-up immunity has been studied in metal gate CMOS integrated circuits as a function of neutron fluence by measuring both the current gain products (beta product) of parasitic NPN and PNP transistors, and the flash x-ray latch-up thresholds prior to and following irradiation and subsequent stabilization anneal. Correlations between the actual latch-up thresholds and the measured beta products are established for the three part types investigated. These correlations indicate that the measurement of beta products on judiciously chosen parasitic transistors is a viable technique for estimating latch-up susceptibility when the observed margin is substantial.
How Dangerous Are Diuretics

The proposal that thiazide diuretics may increase cardiovascular risk receives no support from recent data. Current evidence does not indicate that diuretic-induced hypokalaemia is associated with increased ventricular arrhythmias. This evidence includes continuous electrocardiographic monitoring--which is the most sensitive technique for quantitating cardiac arrhythmias. In contrast to earlier reports, more recent studies found no evidence for increased arrhythmias during the period of hypokalaemia, or for decreased arrhythmic activity after correction of hypokalaemia. Similarly, studies claiming increased sudden death in patients on diuretic treatment have not been substantiated by the results of other large-scale trials. Elevation of serum cholesterol concentrations with thiazide appears to be a short term phenomenon since most studies indicate the elevation reverts to baseline during long term treatment. Thiazide diuretics remain as one of our most effective antihypertensive agents. Fears of their increasing the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias due to hypokalaemia, or constituting a risk factor for atherosclerosis by elevating serum cholesterol concentrations, appear largely unsubstantiated.
Metabolic engineering: Perspective of a chemical engineer

the necessary genetic changes and/or environmental controls to improve such cells. This is also the goal and essence of metabolic s hardly a day passes recently without yet another biologengineering. ical breakthrough, you may have asked your microbioloMetabolic engineering was developed in the previous decade to A gist friend whether he or she knows of a microbe capable improve industrial strains using modern genetic tools. TO be sure, of producing the molecule of your choice. In the unlikely event that microorganisms were being systematically improved by random one is not readily available, he or she may suggest some other mutagenesia and strain screening for at least SO years before yieldmicrobe that makes a similar product convertible to the desired ing overproducing strains of antibiotics, amino acids, citric acid, In trod uct ion
Low-noise cryogenic amplifier based on the Josephson effect

It is shown that an amplifier based on f.m. modulation of the frequency generated by a Josephson junction can have a very low-noise figure, and that it can handle voltages as small as 10?12 V.
Comparison of mediational selected strategies and sequential designs for preventive trials: Comments on a proposal by pillow et al.

Mediational selection designs can increase the chance of finding an intervention to be statistically better than a control when compared to interventions applied to a selected subpopulation such as all children of divorce. Selection based on poor mediational variable scores creates a high expectation that many subjects will benefit because it matches a population to a given intervention strategy. It does not permit examination of the impact on other subjects nor the possibility of interventions that may be tuned to the specific needs of different subpopulations. A sequence of trials each built on the results of previous ones has the potential for extending the results obtained from a mediational selection design.
The Effects of Simultaneously Punishing Stuttering and Rewarding Fluency

Two adult, male stutterers read orally for eight experimental sessions separated by at least one week. Stuttering frequency was continuously recorded during all sessions. After stuttering frequency...
Integrating Illumination, Motion, and Shape Models for Robust Face Recognition in Video

The use of video sequences for face recognition has been relatively less studied compared to image-based approaches. In this paper, we present an analysis-by-synthesis framework for face recognition from video sequences that is robust to large changes in facial pose and lighting conditions. This requires tracking the video sequence, as well as recognition algorithms that are able to integrate information over the entire video; we address both these problems. Our method is based on a recently obtained theoretical result that can integrate the effects of motion, lighting, and shape in generating an image using a perspective camera. This result can be used to estimate the pose and structure of the face and the illumination conditions for each frame in a video sequence in the presence of multiple point and extended light sources. We propose a new inverse compositional estimation approach for this purpose. We then synthesize images using the face model estimated from the training data corresponding to the conditions in the probe sequences. Similarity between the synthesized and the probe images is computed using suitable distance measurements. The method can handle situations where the pose and lighting conditions in the training and testing data are completely disjoint. We show detailed performance analysis results and recognition scores on a large video dataset.
Electron--noble-gas spin-flip scattering at low energy

The spin-exchange rates and spin-relaxation rates for thermal electrons colliding with noble-gas atoms are calculated using the orthogonalized-plane-wave approximation and via partial-wave analysis. The two techniques give similar results and are in order-of-magnitude agreement with the experimental rate in Ar.
Asymptotic Joint Normality of Counts of Uncorrelated Motifs in Recursive Trees

We study the fringe of random recursive trees, by analyzing the joint distribution of the counts of uncorrelated motifs. Our approach allows for finite and countably infinite collections. To be able to deal with the collection when it is infinitely countable, we use measure-theoretic themes. Each member of a collection of motifs occurs a certain number of times on the fringe. We show that these numbers, under appropriate normalization, have a limiting joint multivariate normal distribution. We give a complete characterization of the asymptotic covariance matrix. The methods of proof include contraction in a metric space of distribution functions to a fixed-point solution (limit distribution). We discuss two examples: the finite collection of all possible motifs of size four, and the infinite collection of rooted stars. We conclude with remarks to compare fringe-analysis with matching motifs everywhere in the tree.
News Framing as Identity Performance Religion Versus Race in the American-Muslim Press

This study examines how two publications with a common religious affiliation—“Muslim/Islamic”—but different racial affiliations—“indigenous/Black” and “immigrant/Arab”—frame news events. It develops two interrelated ideas. First, identity is not simply an “individual level” but also a higher, “organizational level” of influence on news. Second, news organizations perform their identities in how they frame news. Comparative frame analysis reveals that identity performance, even at the organizational level, is context sensitive. The two publications, Muslim Journal and Islamic Horizons, use similar news frames when their shared religious identity is salient, but framing diverges in contexts where their differing racial identities become active. Racial identities also color how these publications construct and relate to “America.” Conceptualizing news organizations as reflexive actors with fluid identities and news frames as the contextual identity performance of these actors allows us to see how news media ...
Dissociation Between Neural and Vascular Responses to Sympathetic Stimulation Contribution of Local Adrenergic Receptor Function

Sympathetic activation produced by various stimuli, eg, mental stress or handgrip, evokes regional vascular responses that are often nonhomogeneous. This phenomenon is believed to be the consequence of the recruitment of differential central neural pathways or of a sympathetically mediated vasodilation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a similar heterogeneous response occurs with cold pressor stimulation and to test the hypothesis that local differences in adrenergic receptor function could be in part responsible for this diversity. In 8 healthy subjects, local norepinephrine spillover and blood flow were measured in arms and legs at baseline and during sympathetic stimulation induced by baroreflex mechanisms (nitroprusside infusion) or cold pressor stimulation. At baseline, legs had higher vascular resistance (27+/-5 versus 17+/-2 U, P=0.05) despite lower norepinephrine spillover (0.28+/-0.04 versus 0.4+/-0.05 mg. min(-1). dL(-1), P=0.03). Norepinephrine spillover increased similarly in both arms and legs during nitroprusside infusion and cold pressor stimulation. On the other hand, during cold stimulation, vascular resistance increased in arms but not in legs (20+/-9% versus -7+/-4%, P=0.03). Increasing doses of isoproterenol and phenylephrine were infused intra-arterially in arms and legs to estimate beta-mediated vasodilation and alpha-induced vasoconstriction, respectively. beta-Mediated vasodilation was significantly lower in legs compared with arms. Thus, we report a dissociation between norepinephrine spillover and vascular responses to cold stress in lower limbs characterized by a paradoxical decrease in local resistance despite increases in sympathetic activity. The differences observed in adrenergic receptor responses cannot explain this phenomenon.
The Ossiferous Fissures in the Valley of the Shode, near Ightham, Kent

I. Introduction Doubless there are many geologists in common with myself who have recognized the fact that, if the surface of the Wealden area has been subject to the oscillations claimed for it, then, considering the unyielding nature of the lime- and sandstones, we ought to find innumerable fissures, and by the law of chances these cought sometimes to occur in positions favourable to the preservation of those heterogeneous colections of objects that find their way into the drainers of a country. These are few, perhaps, who realize what a motley group of curiosities are to be found in large streams, unless they have spent some considerable time in walking between the tide-marks of a river in its lower reaches. It is not often conceived how large a portion of the life of to-day could be rescued from such a wreck. Here may be found bones of animals by the cartload, and the hard parts and druit of vegetation, both terrestrial and aquatic. The principal non-marine mollusca are also represented, although the majority of shels are usually of aquatic species. To appreciate the profusion of these relics one need only travel for the same period over land-surfaces and note the difference of the result. I have frequently paced scores of miles over fields, foot by foot chiefly in search of implements, without finding a single bone of an animal of either terrestrial or aquatic habits. It it extremely importat to bear these two conditions in mind when we try to account
Divergent action of verapamil perfused in two hypothalamic areas on body temperature of the cat.

Abstract Guide cannulae for push-pull perfusion were bilaterally implanted stereotaxically within the anterior hypothalamic, preoptic area (AH/POA) and posterior hypothalamus (PH) of the cat. Catecholamine-reactive sites were identified within AH/POA in which a microinjection of norepinephrine (NE) (5.0 μg) evoked a characteristic, transient hypothermia. Similarly the cation-reactive region within the PH was identified in which excess Ca 2+ (25 mM) also evoked a hypothermic response. When verapamil was perfused at a rate of 25.0 μl/min in a concentration of 0.4 or 2.0 μg/μl within AH/POA at a NE-sensitive site, a concentration-dependent decline in the core temperature of the cat occurred. Conversely, verapamil perfused in the same manner with a Ca 2+ -reactive site caused an intense rise in the cat's body temperature which also was concentration dependent. These results show that the localized blockade of slow Ca 2+ channels exerts direct, differential physiological effects within central nervous system tissue. In this case, verapamil mimics noradrenergic effects within the AH/POA; however, the hyperthermic response following Ca 2+ channel blockade within tissue of the PH resembled that produced by ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid or Na ions.
Suppression of glomus cell K+ conductance by 4-aminopyridine is not related to [Ca2+]i, dopamine release and chemosensory discharge from carotid body

Abstract The hypothesis that suppression of O2-sensitive K+ current is the initial event in hypoxic chemotransduction in the carotid body glomus cells was tested by using 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a known suppressant of K+ current, on intracellular [Ca2+]i, dopamine secretion and chemosensory discharge in cat carotid body (CB). In vitro experiments were performed with superfused–perfused cat CBs, measuring chemosensory discharge, monitoring dopamine release by microsensors without and with 4-AP (0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 mM in CO2-HCO3- buffer) and recording [Ca2+]i by ratio fluorometry in isolated cat and rat glomus cells. 4-AP decreased the chemosensory activities in normoxia but remained the same in hypoxia and in flow interruption. It decreased the tissue dopamine release in normoxia, and showed an additional inhibition with hypoxia. Also, 4-AP did not evoke any rise in [Ca2+]i in glomus cells either during normoxia and hypoxia, although hypoxia stimulated it. Thus, the lack of stimulatory effect on chemosensory discharge, inhibition of dopamine release and unaltered [Ca2+]i by 4-AP are not consistent with the implied meaning of the suppressant effect on K+ current of glomus cells.
Texture profile parameters of cooked Frankfurter emulsions as influenced by cooking treatment

Texture profile parameters of frankfurters were found to be generally related to cooking temperatures, except for degree of elasticity, hysteresis loss, and work ratio. Cohesiveness, elasticity, gumminess, and chewiness all were polynomial functions of cooking temperature and were smallest at 70-75° C where physico-chemical changes in proteins important to texture development appeared to be occurring. Hardness, compression energy of first bite, brittleness, apparent moduli of elasticity, stress at 20% compression and strain energy of compression per unit volume were all linearly related to the cooking temperature. Texture profile parameters were higher for samples with higher protein and lower moisture contents at all cooking temperatures.
Integrality gaps for sparsest cut and minimum linear arrangement problems

Arora, Rao and Vazirani [2] showed that the standard semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation of the Sparsest Cut problem with the triangle inequality constraints has an integrality gap of O(√log n). They conjectured that the gap is bounded from above by a constant. In this paper, we disprove this conjecture (referred to as the ARV-Conjecture) by constructing an Ω(log log n) integrality gap instance. Khot and Vishnoi [16] had earlier disproved the non-uniform version of the ARV-Conjecture.A simple "stretching" of the integrality gap instance for the Sparsest Cut problem serves as an Ω(log log n) integrality gap instance for the SDP relaxation of the Minimum Linear Arrangement problem. This SDP relaxation was considered in [6, 11], where it was shown that its integrality gap is bounded from above by O(√log n log log n).
Serum calcitonin, calcium and thyroxine in young and old Zucker fatty rats (fa/fa).

We determined the serum levels of calcitonin (CT), calcium (Ca), and thyroxine (T4) in lean (?/+) and fatty (fa/fa) male Zucker rats 10 weeks and 10–12 months of age. The most dramatic finding was a high level of serum CT (3.24±1.18 ng/ml) in young fatties whereas sera from young leans were all below the limit of assay detection (<0.120 ng/ml, p<0.01). Young fat rats also had elevated levels of both Ca (11.2±0.2 vs. 9.7±0.2 mg/dl, p<0.001) and T4 (6.7±0.48 vs. 4.72±0.28 μg/dl, p<0.01). In older animals the mean serum level of CT increased further in the fatties and became readily measurable in leans (5.67±1.94 vs. 1.49±0.55, p<0.01). Thyroid C-cells, identified immunohistochemically, were abundant in both leans and fatties at this age but were substantially more numerous in the fat rats (p<0.001). Calcium levels increased somewhat in the older leans, but still remained higher in the fat rats (p<0.05). Thyroxine values were essentially the same for old animals of both genotypes (5.07±0.61 vs. 5.54±0.88). Age effects were not significant for any measure in the fat animals, but in the leans there were significant age-related increases in CT (p<0.02) and serum Ca (p<0.05).
Information communication technology: reform of organisational crisis management during natural disasters

Based on the trends within the last century of relative increases in global threats in the form of terrorist attacks, natural disasters, health pandemics and chemical and biological threats, it is imperative to test the robustness of current government crisis management capabilities. In conjunction with the growth in asymmetric threats, there has been a digital revolution in technology in relation to disaster response. Information Communication Technology (ICT) tools have key properties that are vital for traditionally 'inflexible' organisations managing modern risks and vulnerabilities. Lessons from past cases of major natural disasters in the UK and Turkey illustrate specific areas where emergency response agencies continuously exhibit weaknesses during response operations. Some of these limitations can be specifically targeted by means of technological solutions, while others need fundamental change to organisational design and policy making.
Sentiment classification based on supervised latent n-gram analysis

In this paper, we propose an efficient embedding for modeling higher-order (n-gram) phrases that projects the n-grams to low-dimensional latent semantic space, where a classification function can be defined. We utilize a deep neural network to build a unified discriminative framework that allows for estimating the parameters of the latent space as well as the classification function with a bias for the target classification task at hand. We apply the framework to large-scale sentimental classification task. We present comparative evaluation of the proposed method on two (large) benchmark data sets for online product reviews. The proposed method achieves superior performance in comparison to the state of the art.
The metabolism and mechanism of action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Much has been learned about the formation of the active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Information concerning its formation and catabolism has allowed a clear understanding of factors involved in the maintenance of plasma concentrations of the hormone. The effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on calcium transporting cells in the intestine are marked and well defined. The tissue (intestinal tissue) is easily isolated and manipulated and hence, this is an ideal tissue in which to examine the mechanism of divalent cation transport. The mechanism by which 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 brings about this effect should help in understanding sterol hormone action.
Dearomatization of Furan: Elementary Transformations of η2-Coordinated Furan Complexes of Pentaammineosmium(II)

A series of complexes has been prepared of the form [Os(NH3)5(4,5-η2-L)]2+ where L = furan and various alkylated furans. These heterocycle complexes were surveyed for their reactivity with various electrophiles (e.g., acids, silyl triflate, N-methylacetonitrilium triflate, acetals, aldehydes, and Michael acceptors). Electrophilic addition to C(3) results in an unstable reaction intermediate, a 4,5-η2-3H-furanium species, that leads to complexes of 4,5-η2-3-substituted furans, 2,3-dihydrofurans, C(5)-substituted 2-oxoalkenes, cyclic vinyl ethers, or osmium carbyne complexes. The specific reactivity displayed by the η2-furan complexes strongly depends on the presence and location of alkyl substituents and their ability to stabilize η2-vinyl cation intermediates resulting from C(5)−O bond cleavage. In all cases investigated, the addition of an electrophile at C3 occurs anti to osmium coordination.
Hybrid ECMO Using AvalonElite DLC for Circulatory Support Guarantees Adequate Heart/Brain Oxygen Supply

Purpose Femoral VA (Veno-Arterial) is the most common ECMO configuration for circulatory support, delivering fully oxygenated ECMO blood to lower body and blood from native lung to upper body, including heart/brain. Compromised lung function is common in ECMO, resulting in less oxygenated blood delivery from lungs and causing heart and brain hypoxia. To guarantee adequate heart/brain oxygen supply, AvalonElite double lumen cannula (DLC) was used to configure hybrid ECMO for circulatory support. Methods and Materials The hybrid ECMO includes AvalonElite DLC, placed from right jugular vein to superior vena cava (SVC)/right atrium (RA)/inferior vena cava (IVC). Venous blood from both SVC and IVC was withdrawn via DLC drainage lumen for ECMO. Most of oxygenated ECMO blood was infused into femoral artery (V-A ECMO), bypassing heart/lung for heart assistance. A small portion of oxygenated ECMO blood was delivered into RA via DLC infusion lumen (V-V ECMO), passing through dysfunctional lung for adequate O 2 delivery to heart/brain. This hybrid ECMO was tested in 8 adult sheep under general anesthesia. Compromised lung function was mimicked by decreasing mechanical ventilation with 70% left ventricle (LV) SO 2 . Hybrid (V-V) blood flow was adjusted from 0% (regular VA ECMO) to 50% of total ECMO flow. A LV catheter was used to measure LV SO 2 , indicating heart and brain oxygen supply. Results Without hybrid flow (regular VA ECMO), femoral artery SO 2 was 100%, but the LV SO 2 was only 70.3±7.8%, indicating less O2 to heart and brain. Only 10% hybrid flow significantly increased LV SO 2 , resulting in 88% at 20% hybrid flow and 96% at 50% hybrid flow. Conclusions ECMO for circulatory support significantly improved heart/brain oxygen supply to the patient with compromised lung function, promoting injured heart recovery.
Seeing the world through the eyes of Andries van Aarde: Radical inclusivity

In the article the author reflected on her personal and existential experience of a journey to Egypt, and how this highlights radical inclusivity. The article focused on the issues of the violence of poverty, the history of Coptic Christianity and the role of women within this tradition. The article touched on aspects such as ‘women monks’, ecclesiastical hierarchy in modern Coptic Christianity, and the ordination of clergy. It also considered the perspective of ‘social hierarchy’ and ‘spiritual or divine hierarchy’.
MODELING THE DIEL OXYGEN RESPONSE OF A SMALL FISH POND

A recently developed mathematical model of stillwater pond aquaculture is discussed. Comparisons are made between computer generated diel oxygen cycles and actual field data and the simulations are seen to compare favorably in many cases. A sensitivity analysis of important management and environmental variables is discussed. This model is based on a first principles approach and is neither site nor species specific, however, it does contain certain limitations and shortcomings. These are discussed and areas for future improvements are identified.
Transport and Phosphorylation as Factors in the Antitumor Action of Cytosine Arabinoside

Survival of mice bearing different transplantable leukemias and treated with cytosine arabinoside was compared with uptake and subsequent phosphorylation of the drug in vitro. Capacity for nucleotide formation was correlated with response and is apparently an important determinant of drug sensitivity. Drug uptake, although apparently mediated, was similar in all cell lines.
Radiative pathways in formaldehyde

Abstract Einstein A and B coefficients are calculated for the near uv n-π ∗ transition in H 2 CO and D 2 CO, treating each normal mode as an independent simple harmonic oscillator in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The predicted absorption spectra correlate well with low resolution measurements, and the predicted upper state structures agree with the published rotational analysis. Dipole moments involved in the vibronically induced transition can thus be estimated. The results show that the primary rate determining process in depleting the excited singlet is nonradiative.
High-frequency ventilation for acute pediatric respiratory failure.

Objective To study the effectiveness of high-frequency ventilation (HFV) for the treatment of pediatric patients with acute severe respiratory failure. Design Post hoc analysis of retrospectively and prospectively acquired data. Setting Tertiary pediatric ICU. Subjects Twelve patients, ages 4 months to 15 years, who developed acute severe respiratory failure from diverse causes. Interventions Patients were treated with synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) using moderate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and supplemental oxygen prior to HFV therapy. Ten of 12 patients required one or more medications to modulate preload, inotropy, and/or afterload. All patients were invasively monitored for arterial BP and arterial blood gases, and they were noninvasively monitored for oxygen saturation, end tidal or transcutaneous carbon dioxide, and electrocardiography. Measurements and Main Results Severity of respiratory failure was reflected by median values of pH of 7.34, lung compliance of 0.41 ml/cm H 2 O/kg, P(A-a)O 2 of 553 mm Hg, oxygenation index (OI) of 28, and ventilation index of 102. Significant improvement in pH, PaCO 2 , PaO 2 , OI, and P(A-a)O 2 was demonstrated early in the course of HFV (p Conclusions These data suggest that HFV may offer significant benefit as a rescue modality for patients with severe respiratory failure refractory to SIMV strategies early in the course of the disease process.
Tailored temporal lobectomy for medically intractable epilepsy: evaluation of pathology and predictors of outcome.

BACKGROUND There have been only a few large series that have used a tailored temporal lobectomy. OBJECTIVE To clarify whether tailoring a temporal lobe resection will lead to equivalent epilepsy outcomes or have the same predictive factors for success when compared with standard resections. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 222 patients undergoing a tailored temporal lobe resection. Demographic measures and typical factors influencing outcome were evaluated. RESULTS Pathology included 222 cases. With a mean follow-up of 5.4 years, 70% of patients achieved Engel class I outcome. A significant factor predicting Engel class I outcome on multivariate analysis was lesional pathology (P = .04). Among patients with hippocampal sclerosis, extent of lateral neocortical resection and hippocampal resection were not statistically associated with Engel class I outcome (P = .93 and P = .24). However, an analysis of Engel class subgroups a to d showed that patients who had a complete hippocampectomy in the total series were more likely to achieve an Engel class Ia outcome (P = .04). This was also true among patients with hippocampal sclerosis (P = .03). Secondarily, generalized seizure (P = .01) predicted outcome less than Engel class I. Predictive of poor outcome was the need for preoperative electrodes (P = .02). Complications included superior quadrant visual field defects, 2 cases of permanent dysphasia, and 3 wound infections. CONCLUSION Predictors of successful seizure outcome for a tailored temporal lobectomy are similar to standard lobectomy. Patients with secondarily generalized epilepsy and cases in which preoperative subdural electrodes were thought necessary were less likely to achieve class I outcome. Among Engel class I cases, those who had a complete hippocampectomy were more likely to achieve Engel class Ia outcome.
A dimensional analysis of claustrophobia

The present study investigated whether situational and cognitive dimensions of claustrophobia exist. To this end, the Claustrophobia Situations Questionnaire (CSQ) and the Claustrophobia General Cognitions Questionnaire (CGCQ) were developed and exploratory factor analyses were performed on these scales. Two-factor solutions for both the anxiety and the avoidance ratings on the CSQ were obtained, accounting for 40.1% and 34.2% of the variance, respectively. Two subscales were created from the two-factor solution of the anxiety section of the CSQ: (1) “Fear of Entrapment” and (2) “Fear of Physical Confinement.” Two subscales were also created from the two-factor solution of the avoidance section of the CSQ: (1) “Avoidance of Crowds” and (2) “Avoidance of Physical Confinement.” A three-factor solution was obtained for the CGCQ, accounting for 54.4% of the variance, from which the following three subscales were created: (1) “Fear of Loss of Control,” (2) “Fear of Suffocation,” and (3) “Fear of Inability to Escape.” Cronbach alphas for all subscales ranged from .84 to .94. Exploratory correlational analyses were conducted between the situational and the cognitive dimensions.
W single adatom diffusion on W surfaces

Abstract We have studied the self-diffusion of W single adatoms on the W(110), W(211) and W(321) surfaces, using a modified fourth moment approximation to tight-binding theory. The binding sites of adatoms on those surfaces are determined and they are in good agreement with experimental observations. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor of single W adatom diffusion on these surfaces have been calculated, and they are in reasonable agreement with FIM (field ion microscopy) results. The exchange mechanism is also investigated for all surfaces and it is found to be unfavorable on the (110) and (211) surfaces. For the (321) surface, the exchange mechanism is unfavorable for adatom diffusion from a most stable site, but the activation energy is much smaller for an adatom on the meta-stable site replacing a channel atom.
Extracting team mental models through textual analysis

Summary An approach, called map analysis, for extracting, analyzing and combining representations of individual's mental models as cognitive maps is presented. This textual analysis technique allows the researcher to extract cognitive maps, locate similarities across maps, and combine maps to generate a team map. Using map analysis the researcher can address questions about the nature of team mental models and the extent to which sharing is necessary for effective teamwork. This technique is illustrated using data drawn from a study of software engineering teams. The impact of critical coding choices on the resultant findings is examined. It is shown that various coding choices have systematic effects on the complexity of the coded maps and their similarity. Consequently, a thorough analysis requires analyzing the data several times under different coding choices. For example, re-analysis under different coding scenarios revealed that although members of successful teams tend to have more elaborate, more widely shared maps than members of non-successful teams, this difference is significant only when the data is unfiltered. Thus a better interpretation of this result is that all teams have comparable models, but successful teams are able to describe their models in more ways than are non-successful teams. ? 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some results on annihilation in algebras

Si dimostrano alcuni risultati sulle algebreR sopra un campoF. SiaL≠0 un ideale sinistro diR; allora si definisceG (L) medianteG (L)={aeR|aa,u(u)=0 per ogniu e L, dovepa,u(t)≠0eF[t]}. Il risultato principale asserisce cheG(L)L e un ideale sinistro algebrico sopraF. Questo rende piu preciso un teorema dimostrato da Bergen e Herstein in [1].
The Miocene differentiation of old world Pecora (Mammalia)

Dental and horn core/antler morphology is discussed for some representative lower and middle Miocene pecorans in a review of the phylogeny and early zoogeography of the modern Old World families. Giraffes and bovids are more closely related than either is to deer. Andegameryx, Walangania and Teruelia are related to giraffoids plus bovoids together; Amphimoschus and Hispanomeryx are a probable sister group of bovoids; Propalaeoryx is the sister group of the giraffids plus climacoceratids. Procervulus and Lagomeryx may be closer to modern deer than are Stephanocemas and Dicrocerus but all are included in the Cervidae. The horn structure of Palaeomeryx has resemblances to giraffids, but its teeth and postcranial bones are more like cervids and it is placed in the Cervoidea. Pecorans seem to have evolved in Eurasia and there gave rise to deer. By the early Miocene some pecorans had entered Arabo‐Africa where they gave rise to giraffids and probably bovids. The relationships and zoogeography of the early bovid...
Radiation-induced decomposition of U(VI) phases to nanocrystals of UO2

U{sup 6+}-phases are common alteration products, under oxidizing conditions, of uraninite and the UO{sub 2} in spent nuclear fuel. These U{sup 6+}-phases are subjected to a radiation field caused by the {alpha}-decay of U, or in the case of spent nuclear fuel, incorporated actinides, such as {sup 239}Pu and {sup 237}Np. In order to evaluate the effects of {alpha}-decay events on the stability of the U{sup 6+}-phases, we report, for the first time, the results of ion beam irradiations (1.0 MeV Kr{sup 2+}) of U{sup 6+}-phases. The heavy-particle irradiations are used to simulate the ballistic interactions of the recoil-nucleus of an {alpha}-decay event with the surrounding structure. The Kr{sup 2+}-irradiation decomposed the U{sup 6+}-phases to UO{sub 2} nanocrystals at doses as low as 0.006 displacements per atom (dpa). U{sup 6+}-phases accumulate substantial radiation doses ({approx}1.0 displacement per atom) within 100,000 years if the concentration of incorporated {sup 239}Pu is as high as 1 wt%. Similar nanocrystals of UO{sub 2} were observed in samples from the natural fission reactors at Oklo, Gabon. Multiple cycles of radiation-induced decomposition to UO{sub 2} followed by alteration to U{sup 6+}-phases provide a mechanism for the remobilization of incorporated radionuclides.