cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective Removal of Nitrosamines from a Model Amine Carbon-Capture Waterwash Using Low-Cost Activated-Carbon Sorbents.

Nitrosamines generated in the amine solvent loop of postcombustion carbon capture systems are potent carcinogens, and their emission could pose a serious threat to the environment or human health. Nitrosamine emission control strategies are critical for the success of amine-based carbon capture as the technology approaches industrial-scale deployment. Waterwash systems have been used to control volatile and aerosol emissions, including nitrosamines, from carbon-capture plants, but it is still necessary to remove or destroy nitrosamines in the circulating waterwash to prevent their subsequent emission into the environment. In this study, a cost-effective method for selectively removing nitrosamines from the absorber waterwash effluent with activated-carbon sorbents was developed to reduce the environmental impact associated with amine-based carbon capture. The results show that the commercial activated-carbon sorbents tested have a high capacity and selectivity for nitrosamines over the parent solvent amin...
Congressional lettermarks, ideology, and member receipt of stimulus awards from the US Department of Labor:

Recent years have witnessed an increase in members’ use of lettermarks—letters written to the bureaucracy in an effort to secure federal funding for their districts. In spite of the vitriol that has been directed toward the practice, it is unclear whether lettermarks are even effective in aiding legislators’ attempts at funneling dollars toward their districts. In an effort to determine whether lettermarks “work,” we combined content analysis of letters sent by members to the Department of Labor with data on monies awarded to particular districts through the Department of Labor from the stimulus to investigate the relationship between letter writing and awards to members’ districts. We find that, conditional on ideology, lettermarking can have an effect on the likelihood that a district received stimulus money through the Department of Labor. For most legislators, though, lettermarking does not appear to be an effective device for securing federal dollars for their districts. This nuanced set of findings ...
Abrogation of IL-13Rα2 ameliorates acute inflammatory bowel disease

Anti-TNFα agents are commonly used for treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet up to 40% of patients are non-responders for unknown reasons. IL13RA2 mRNA was more abundant in mucosal biopsy samples of patients with active IBD who are non-responders compared to responders, serving as a potential predictive marker for non-responsiveness. IL-13Rα2 is a high affinity decoy receptor for IL-13, a cytokine with both anti-inflammatory and wound healing functions. In this study, we hypothesized that TNFα and IL-17 produced during the initiation of IBD induces IL-13Rα2 production that neutralizes the endogenous anti-inflammatory activity of IL-13. Using an acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of mouse colitis, we show that DSS increases the production of both systemic and colonic IL-13Rα2 compared to naive controls. DSS-induced colitis was less severe in Il13ra2 −/− mice compared to wild type controls as no shortening in the length of the colon was observed. Histological analysis of the distal colon revealed less goblet cell depletion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and submucosal inflammation in DSS-administered Il13ra2 −/− mice compared to DSS-administered wild type mice. However, when Il13ra2 −/− mice were infected with the nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri, the increased IL-13 activity led to significant morbidity during DSS-colitis. Together, these findings suggest that the absence of IL-13Rα2 enhances endogenous IL-13 bioactivity, which protects mice from acute IBD. Yet, results from the nematode infection model suggest this protective activity must be carefully regulated. Collectively, these results suggest that IL-13Rα2 functions as a key regulator of IBD pathogenesis.
Exploring the Links Between Parent–Student Conversations About College, Academic Self-Concepts, and Grades for First-Generation College Students:

Two studies examined the link between academic self-concepts and grades (Studies 1 and 2) for first-generation (i.e., parents have not obtained a 4-year degree) and continuing-generation (i.e., at ...
Juniper Tree Impacts on Local Water Budgets

In semiarid and arid ecosystems, available water is undoubtedly the most limiting resource. Woody plant encroachment has changed semiarid ecosystems from grasslands to woodlands and has subsequently altered the water balance of these plant communities. In many regions of the western United States, juniper trees are the primary woody species encroaching on rangelands (Archer 1994; Van Auken 2000; Ansley et al. 2001). Juniper trees are adapted over a wide range of environmental conditions, as evidenced by their widespread distribution in North America (see Chapter 1, this volume). They have successfully established in grasslands of the Great Plains (Gehring and Bragg 1992) and on harsh, dry sites in semiarid rangelands (Miller and Rose 1995; Soule and Knapp 2000). In central Texas, the density and aerial cover of Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei Buchholz) has increased over the past 200 years. Originally limited to rocky outcrops or areas of low fuel availability, Ashe juniper has invaded almost 2.7 million hectares (ha) on the Edwards Plateau. Typical characteristics of invasive species often include high photosynthetic rates, distinct seasonal patterns of photosynthesis and growth, flexible resource allocation, and life history strategies that allow rapid dispersal. Life history traits, susceptibility to fires, grazing management, and hydrological characteristics of juniper communities and other factors are addressed in other chapters of this book. This chapter focuses on the physical and physiological impact of juniper trees on the local water budget. The physical impact of a tree on rainfall is through the redistribution via canopy interception, evaporation, and stemflow. Through these processes, precipitation is redirected and the fate of the water is changed. Ignoring the amount of precipitation intercepted by tree canopies, or lumping it with evapotranspiration, can cause large errors in estimating other parts of the hydrological budget (Savenije 2004). If interception is ignored, water captured by the tree canopy would be lumped with the soil water pool and consequently lead to overestimation of transpiration. Interception and evaporation can be a significant portion of the total evapotranspiration. For instance, Guevara-Escobar et al. (2000) reported that total evapotranspiration from a poplar (Populus deltoides Bart. ex March) forest in New Zealand averaged
The Perpetuation of Institutional Racism through Ethnic and Racial Minority Content in the Curriculum of Schools of Social Work

The author asserts that the effect of assimulation of ethnic and racial minority content into the curriculum of schools of social work may perpetuate institutional racism. Social work education as well as the purpose of the profession itself are viewed as basically one of helping people adjust and accommodate to the dominant and racist institutions of our society. Consequently, the author argues, incorporation of ethnic and racial minority, content into curriculum that serves such a function is likely to serve ends to which it was not intended. Five suggested areas of change in the mission of social work education are briefly noted. The relevance of the curriculum in schools of social work for ethnic and racial minority groups has been a concern of social work educators for some time. Serious and sustained charges of racism have been leveled at individual faculty members as well as to the organization of schools of social work in most areas of this country over the past fifteen years. While considerable "heat" and discussion has been generated, little light has been shed on the subject and significant change has not taken place, largely due to acceptance without question and serious examination of the context within which "heat" and discussion about racism takes place. In this article the nature of that context will be examined.
ESTUARINE GRAVEYARDS, CLIMATIC CHANGE, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT

Abstract: Climatic variations and sea level fluctuations control the origin and distribution of estuaries. Interglacial ages lasting approximately 10,000 years each, and followed by a glacial maximum, have occurred on the average every 100,000 years during at least the past million years. Corresponding sea level variations have been on the order of 100 m. During highstands of sea level, estuaries are abundant and relatively large; during lowstands, rare and small. Estuaries are ephemeral on a geological time scale; lifetimes are usually limited to a few thousands of years and at most to a few tens of thousands of years. Weather events, such as hurricanes and floods, can accelerate the evolution of an estuary and shorten its life span appreciably. Estuaries have been abundant during only 10–20% of the last million years. The biological importance of estuaries to the survival of organisms and to the maintenance of the total marine ecosystem appears to have been exaggerated. Estuarine deposits rarely can now be delimited unequivocally from other shallow water marine deposits in the geologic record, particularly those laid down more than a million years ago, because of their limited areal extent, their ephemeral character, and their lack of distinctive features. The estuarine graveyard is a palimpsest and most of its tales have been obliterated.
Role of Repeat-Associated MicroRNA (ramRNA) in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)

A large portion of the genome is non-coding DNA, which frequently contains redundant microsatellite-like trinucleotide repeats with function not yet to be known. Recent studies have shown that many of these trinucleotide repeats are involved in triplet repeat expansion diseases (TREDs), such as fragile X syndrome (FXS), Huntington’s disease (HD), myotonic dystrophy (DM), and a number of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). The trinucleotide repeats can fold into RNA hairpins and are further processed by Dicer to form microRNA (miRNA)like molecules, capable of triggering targeted gene-silencing effects in the TREDs; however, the pathogenic mechanism of these repeat-associated miRNAs (ramRNAs) is unclear. To resolve this question, we have identified the first native ramRNAs in FXS and successfully developed a ramRNA-mediated transgenic zebrafish model for studying the role of the ramRNAs in FXS-related neurodegeneration. Based on this model, we found that ramRNA-induced DNA methylation of the FMR1 5′-UTR CGG trinucleotide repeat expansion is central to FXS etiology. This epigenetic modification leads to physical, neurocognitive and emotional characteristics linked to the transcriptional FMR1 gene inactivation and the deficiency of its protein product. FMR1 deficiency often causes synapse deformity in the neurons essential for cognition and memory activities. Furthermore, the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-activated long-term depression (LTD) is augmented after the FMR1 inactivation, suggesting that exaggerated LTD may be responsible for aspects of abnormal neuronal responses in FXS, such as autism. Therefore, the establishment of this ramRNA-mediated transgenic animal model provides a new avenue to dissect the physiopathological and epigenetic alterations of TREDs affected by the microsatellite-like trinucleotide repeat expansions, with the hope of providing insights into areas of opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
Durability of self-healing dental composites: A comparison of performance under monotonic and cyclic loading.

Abstract Durability is an important quality of dental restorative materials, and the ability to autonomously heal damage incurred during their oral function is highly desirable. Objective The objective was to evaluate the improvement in durability of self-healing dental composites (SHDCs) in terms of their resistance to fracture and capacity for healing of damage under monotonic and cyclic loading. Methods SHDCs were prepared by incorporating dental resin composites with microcapsules containing healing liquid. Control specimens with the same mass fraction (5% and 25%) of microcapsules filled with water were also evaluated. Two sets of SHDCs were distinguished by the silane coupling agents that functionalized and bonded the microcapsules to resin network. One set used a methacrylate silane (MA-silane) that connected resin network through covalent bonds, and the other used a H-bonding forming hydroxyl silane (OH-silane). The fatigue crack growth resistance was assessed in terms of the threshold stress intensity range and the conventional Paris Law parameters. Cyclic loading was conducted at 5 Hz with maximum cyclic load ranged between approximately 1 N and 5 N. The efficiency of the autonomous healing was determined per the recovering of the fracture toughness and the extension of fatigue life. Results The SHDCs with 5 wt% of healing microcapsules exhibited a larger fracture toughness than those with 25 wt% microcapsules. MA-silane SHDCs had approximately five times more responsive microcapsules triggered by fracturing of the composites. Consequently, the MA-silane SHDCs with 5 wt% of microcapsules achieved the best performance in terms of fracture toughness and healing efficiency. In regards to the fatigue crack growth behavior, there was a significant increase in the resistance to fatigue crack growth and 580 ± 15% improvement in the fatigue life. Significance Strong silanization is vital in SHDCs to simultaneously achieve clinically applicable mechanical performance and substantial healing capability. Moreover, the evaluation of self-healing under cyclic loading is a promising tool in quantifying the degree of fracture-induced healing.
Toward Intuitive Teleoperation in Surgery: Human-Centric Evaluation of Teleoperation Algorithms for Robotic Needle Steering

The effectiveness of control algorithms for teleoperated systems is typically evaluated through experimental performance measures, post-experimental user surveys, and theoretical analysis. However, none of these methods provide an objective assessment of teleoperation algorithms with respect to the real-time changes of human users during teleoperated tasks in terms of physiological, kinematic, or cognitive metrics. In this study, we recruited subjects to control robotically steered needles in a randomized experiment, using four different teleoperation mappings (joint space control, steering control, and Cartesian space control with and without force feedback). We investigated how the choice of these algorithms affect both performance and user response. Our novel steering control mapping, which mimics hub-centered steering, is significantly correlated with decreased cognitive stress and improved teleoperation performance when compared to joint space control. Overall, user experience and teleoperation performance were significantly improved with Cartesian space control, resulting in faster needle insertion, higher targeting accuracy, lower cognitive load, and smoother movements. Furthermore, while additional haptic feedback in Cartesian space provided an improved performance, it may increase user cognitive workload and muscle fatigue. These results highlight the importance of considering human-centric metrics when designing novel teleoperation strategies for complex systems.
A Relation Between Cell Multiplication and Alcohol Tolerance in Yeasts

SUMMARYStudies on the multiplication of four strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen and two strains of Hansenula anomala (Hansen) Sydow under various conditions revealed reductions in growth wh...
BCG Renal Granuloma

Abstract A 66-year-old man with a history of recurrent urothelial carcinoma in situ treated with endoscopic resection and induction Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) developed a new renal mass on surveillance computerized tomography and was referred to our institution for surgery. Biopsy was performed and pathology showed BCG granuloma. The patient was clinically asymptomatic. No surgical intervention was required. This is a rare entity in those undergoing intravesical BCG therapy. To avoid unnecessary surgery, a careful patient history and judicious use of renal mass biopsy is critical.
Monday to Wednesday, August 25, 2010—outskirts of Lafayette, IN

Delta was clearly aware of the shift in everybody’s mood, especially Caleb’s. After the incident with the sheriff, she felt a visceral coolness in the air from the distance that Caleb kept during the rest of the evening.
Low-Wage Job Growth, Polarization, and the Limits and Opportunities of the Service Economy

We analyze U.S. job growth from the 1980s to the 2010s. We define jobs as occupations within sectors to capture position in the production system as well as skill hierarchies. Low-wage jobs outgrew middle-wage jobs over much of this period, particularly for women and nonwhite workers. Service work drove most low-wage job growth, but even a small resurgence in manufacturing job growth in the 2010s was concentrated in low-wage jobs. Given the constraints of economic restructuring on the growth of decent jobs, we consider alternative logics for the creation of jobs in twenty-first-century economies. The prospects for job growth in the future, we argue, requires a robust defense of these alternative logics that can and do thrive alongside and within a capitalist market economy.
Understanding barriers and facilitators to therapeutic relationships in state psychiatric hospitals.

Objective(s) This qualitative study aimed to elucidate barriers and facilitators faced by individuals with serious mental illness in establishing positive therapeutic relationships within the public sector. Method Twenty-two individuals, receiving inpatient treatment and near discharge from three state psychiatric facilities, participated. The sample was diverse with respect to gender (60 % male) and race/ethnicity, with a mean age of 40 years (standard deviation = 12.91). Thematic analysis and a contextualist lens were used to analyze the data. Results Results indicated that inadequate meeting time, lack of clinically relevant communication, and discrepancies in client/provider perspectives, impeded positive therapeutic relationships. Facilitators to therapeutic relationships included feelings heard and understood by providers, comprehensive, timely discharge plans, and thinking broadly about aftercare. Conclusions Cultivating positive therapeutic relationships is especially difficult in resource-challenged settings. Enhanced client-provider communication and individually tailored aftercare planning can enhance inpatient therapeutic relationships, convey a greater sense of understanding of clients, and facilitate client-provider collaboration.
Real-Time Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of Multi-Terminal HVDC–AC Grids Based on GPU

High-fidelity electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation plays a critical role in understanding the dynamic behavior and fast transients involved in operation, control, and protection of multiterminal dc (MTdc) grids. This article proposes a cost-effective high-performance real-time EMT simulation platform for large-scale cross-continental MTdc grids based on graphics processing unit (GPU). Fast dynamic transients from both ac and dc networks are captured in real time with 5 $\mu$ s time step, using advanced hybrid-discretized modular multilevel converter model, frequency-dependent transmission line model, and EMT-type model of synchronous generators. The proposed simulation platform i) assembles detailed EMT models of all components within an MTdc–ac grid into a single platform. This setup provides a complete simulation solution to capture fast transient signals required for high-bandwidth controller design and protection studies without any compromise; ii) implements the first GPU-based simulation architecture and corresponding algorithms for MTdc–ac grids with real-time performance at scales of 1s; iii) is highly efficient and balances the high utilization of GPU resources and low latency required for the simulation; and iv) outperforms the existing central processing unit- or digital signal processor (DSP)/field-programmable gate array-based simulators in terms of its higher scalability on large-scale MTdc–ac grids and superior price–performance ratio on the hardware. Accuracy and performance of the proposed platform are evaluated with respect to the reference results from power system computer aided design (PSCAD)/EMTdc environment.
The land question in China: agrarian capitalism, industrious revolution, and East Asian development

The land question in China, Shaohua Zhan maintains, is whether rural smallholders should retain land rights in a rapidly industrializing and urbanizing economy. Zhan’s book delivers a powerful mult...
Low-Cost Remarked Counterfeit IC Detection using LDO Regulators

Remarked and recycled counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) form a vast majority (80–90%) of the total number of counterfeit IC instances. Although different types of test strategies have been developed for recycled IC detection, techniques that detect remarked ICs are limited. In this paper, we develop a method to detect false remarking of commercial grade chips into industrial/automotive grade by distinguishing power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of commercial and automotive grade low drop-out (LDO) regulators from four different vendors. In this process, we use supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) methods on PSRR measurements. Our results show a best-case accuracy of 90% for both commercial and industrial LDOs with supervised ML. On the other hand, unsupervised ML can detect commercial and industrial LDOs with a best-case accuracy of 75% for both types.
Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act and Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act: A Shield for Jane Doe

After concluding that the Communications Decency Act of 1996 was never intended to provide legal protection to websites that facilitate traffickers advertising sex trafficking victims, Congress passed the Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act of 2017 and the Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act of 2017, commonly known together as FOSTA-SESTA. This Article considers and then rejects the claim by sex workers and sex worker rights advocates that the alleged burdens FOSTA-SESTA puts on those who self-report as freely choosing to work in the sex trade outweigh the potential benefit — fewer sex-trafficked people.
Securing American Elections: How Data-Driven Election Monitoring Can Improve Our Democracy

The integrity of democratic elections, both in the United States and abroad, is an important problem. In this Element, we present a data-driven approach that evaluates the performance of the administration of a democratic election, before, during, and after Election Day. We show that this data-driven method can help to improve confidence in the integrity of American elections.
Neighborhood-level variation in child restraint system use

Prior studies have found disparities in child restraint system (CRS) use by individual-level factors like race/ethnicity and income. However, it is unclear if CRS use varies at the community or nei...
Standardisation, multi-measure, data quality and trending: A qualitative study on multidisciplinary perspectives to improve intensive care early mobility monitoring.

Abstract Objective To explore multi-clinician perspectives on intensive care early mobility, monitoring and to assess the perceived value of technology-generated mobility metrics to provide user feedback to inform research, practice improvement, and technology development. Methods We performed a qualitative descriptive study. Three focus groups were conducted with critical care clinicians, including nurses (n = 10), physical therapists (n = 8) and physicians (n = 8) at an academic medical centre that implemented an intensive care early mobility programme in 2012. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to code transcripts and identify overarching themes. Findings Along with reaffirming the value of performing early mobility interventions, four themes for improving mobility monitoring emerged, including the need for: 1) standardised indicators for documenting mobility; 2) inclusion of both quantitative and qualitative metrics to measure mobility 3) a balance between quantity and quality of data; and 4) trending mobility metrics over time. Conclusion Intensive care mobility monitoring should be standardised and data generated should be high quality, capable of supporting trend analysis, and meaningful. By improving measurement and monitoring of mobility, future researchers can examine the arc of activity that patients in the intensive care unit undergo and develop models to understand factors that influence successful implementation.
Berry Phenolics Are Associated With Cognitive Enhancement in Blueberry- and Strawberry-Supplemented Older Adults

Objectives Research suggests that supplementation with berries may improve cognition during aging. In two recently published 90-day trials, healthy older adults (ages 60–75; BMI 18.5–29.9) who consumed 24 g/d freeze-dried blueberry or strawberry showed improved cognitive function, relative to placebo controls. However, the mechanism of action underlying these cognitive benefits and the role of berry phenolics in cognitive enhancement is not fully understood. In this study, we hypothesized that dietary supplementation with blueberry or strawberry would increase the concentrations of circulating phenolics in healthy older adults and that these changes would be associated with the enhanced cognitive measures observed in these trials.
Comparison of Three Approaches to Class Enumeration in Growth Mixture Modeling when Time Structures are Variant Across Latent Classes

In conventional approaches to Growth Mixture Modeling (GMM), a trajectory is first estimated using latent growth curve modeling that serves as a baseline trajectory for the GMM. In this approach, t...
Sinkhorn Distributionally Robust Optimization.

We study distributionally robust optimization with Sinkorn distance -- a variant of Wasserstein distance based on entropic regularization. We derive convex programming dual reformulations when the nominal distribution is an empirical distribution and a general distribution, respectively. Compared with Wasserstein DRO, it is computationally tractable for a larger class of loss functions, and its worst-case distribution is more reasonable. To solve the dual reformulation, we propose an efficient batch gradient descent with a bisection search algorithm. Finally, we provide various numerical examples using both synthetic and real data to demonstrate its competitive performance.
Experimental Neurogenetics of the Epilepsies

The inherited epilepsies are a heterogeneous group of neuronal diseases featuring abnormal paroxysmal cerebral discharges. Advances in their rational management depend upon interrelating two fundamental lines of clinical and basic research. The principal approach is descriptive, that is, to detect phenotypically similar clinical syndromes with informative pedigrees in order to isolate the shared genotypes and characterize their developmental expression in the brain. This search is now in progress for both man [8, 16] and animal [30], and may uncover useful chromosomal or biochemical markers to establish early diagnoses, provide new insights into the primary pathophysiologic mechanisms, and help clarify phenotypic variants of the disease arising from genomic diversity and epigenetic experience. A major expectation is that many of these genes, like the locus exemplified by Huntington’s disease, which targets specific brain regions for programmed cell death [23], will illustrate an extraordinary selectivity for specific cell types sharing the inborn error. However, in the absence of neuronal markers for individual patterns of epileptiform discharges, the principal challenge centers on the difficulty of establishing a gene-linked primary lesion within the central nervous system and distinguishing it from the inevitable cascade of secondary pathological changes. As in other hereditary conditions, investigation of the nervous system in man is complicated above all by a requirement to defer molecular examination of the tissue until misleading terminal stages.
Cyclic Amp And ß-Adrenergic Receptors during The Development Of Physical Dependence On Ethanol In The Rat

Although the percentage of noradrenergic neurons in the central nervous system is small, several lines of investigation suggest that they may be in some way involved in mechanisms responsible for tolerance and physical dependence on ethanol. For example, Goldstein (1973) has demonstrated that excitability during the withdrawal reaction following termination of treatment with ethanol is more intense if norepinephrine is depleted pharmacologically. In addition, the intensity of the withdrawal reaction in three different strains of mice correlated well with intensity of convulsions induced by reserpine, an agent known to deplete cellular stores of norepinephrine, Furthermore, French et al. (1975) have reported that the cerebral cortical adenylate cyclase becomes subsensitive to norepinephrine during treatment with ethanol whereas it becomes supersensitive several days after ethanol is withdrawn. On the other hand, Tabakoff and Ritzmann (1977) failed to detect any effect of destruction of noradrenergic neurons with 6-hydroxydopamine on the withdrawal reaction due to ethanol.
Classical Invariant Theory and the Virasoro Algebra

The Virasoro algebra (a certain central extension of the Lie algebra of vector fields on the circle) has come to play a more important role in such fields as quantum field theory and number theory. In [3], Wakimoto and Yamada gave a new relationship with classical invariant theory. The purpose of this note is to give a more direct relationship between highest weight vectors for the Virasoro algebra and characters of the unitary groups U(n), n⩾1. In particular, our result gives (in principle) a method of calculating ail highest weight vectors for all Verma modules for the Virasoro algebra. However, the combinatorial problems in the general case are very difficult. In the special case studied in [3], we give a simple proof of the main result announced in [3].
Hunters and the Hunted: The Prehistoric Art of Tom Ketchum Cave

ABSTRACTThis article describes a distinctive rock-art site in the Pedregosa Mountains of southeast Arizona. The more than 200 black representational elements do not conform to any of the various rock-art styles that have been described for the Southwest. Description of the design motifs, environmental setting, and artifacts provides information for tentative interpretations regarding cultural affiliation, function, and age of the pictographs.
Advanced Small Perturbation Potential Flow Theory for Unsteady Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Analyses

An advanced small perturbation (ASP) potential flow theory has been developed to improve upon the classical transonic small perturbation (TSP) theories that have been used in various computer codes. These computer codes are typically used for unsteady aerodynamic and aeroelastic analyses in the nonlinear transonic flight regime. The codes exploit the simplicity of stationary Cartesian meshes with the movement or deformation of the configuration under consideration incorporated into the solution algorithm through a planar surface boundary condition. The new ASP theory was developed methodically by first determining the essential elements required to produce full-potential-like solutions with a small perturbation approach on the requisite Cartesian grid. This level of accuracy required a higher-order streamwise mass flux and a mass conserving surface boundary condition. The ASP theory was further developed by determining the essential elements required to produce results that agreed well with Euler solutions. This level of accuracy required mass conserving entropy and vorticity effects, and second-order terms in the trailing wake boundary condition. Finally, an integral boundary layer procedure, applicable to both attached and shock-induced separated flows, was incorporated for viscous effects. The resulting ASP potential flow theory, including entropy, vorticity, and viscous effects, is shown to be mathematically more appropriate and computationally more accurate than the classical TSP theories. The formulaic details of the ASP theory are described fully and the improvements are demonstrated through careful comparisons with accepted alternative results and experimental data. The new theory has been used as the basis for a new computer code called ASP3D (Advanced Small Perturbation - 3D), which also is briefly described with representative results.
A bioinformatics experience course

The course is an upper level elective that pairs a biology major with a computer science major. The biology and computer science components are loosely coupled. The former immerses students in an on-going research project while the latter introduces programming to biologists and demonstrates the complexity of sequence analysis. The goal is to comprehend the challenges in the other discipline from peer-to-peer experience.
Seed Pathology and Pathological Testing

In many parts of the world, testing for seedborne diseases has long been considered an integral part of the routine inspection for seed quality. However, in North America, pathological testing has not been as important as purity and germination testing. This is partially because of uncertainty about whether the analytical results are significant enough to justify the expense of maintaining a pathological testing program. Additionally, large samples may have to be screened for results to be meaningful. Some pathogens can cause severe losses if as few as one seed in 10,000 to 50,000 seeds are infected. Problems in reliably detecting such small levels of infection and relating them to field losses are formidable, and these tests inevitably require larger space and labor investments than do most other types of seed quality tests. Consequently, pathological testing of seed in North America has not developed to the level needed and is too often not a part of the routine seed laboratory analysis.
Somatic complaints -- harbinger of depression in primary care.

Abstract The pattern of patient visits and type of complaints relating to depressive illness was investigated in a University family practice clinic. Complaints and visits of depressives were compared to those made by age and sex-matched controls over 6 time periods which spanned a period of 2 years starting 6 months prior to the diagnosis of depression. Functional, pain, anxiety, and social complaints appeared to parallel the course of the depression, rising before the diagnosis of depression and returning to control levels 15–18 months after the depression was diagnosed. Somatic complaints were a prominent part of the depressive presentation.
The Family Couch: Considerations for Infant/Early Childhood Mental Health

The infant-family field aims to promote infant/early childhood mental health, prevent poor outcomes in the context of risk, and relieve psychological suffering. This article focuses on the power of the family system to support, nurture, and protect (or not) each parent's capacity to manage transitions and relationship demands that come with the addition of a baby, as well as early childhood mental health challenges that might arise. We explore core concepts of infant/early childhood mental health: relationship security within the family system, relationship safety to manage stress, and strategic interventions that involve working with and through relationships.
RCEX: Rip Current Experiment

Abstract : The long-term goals are to understand surf zone processes related to rip current systems through field observations. Rip currents occur commonly on most beaches and dominate many. In the past decade, it is recognized that beaches with straight and parallel contours are not a stable morphologic configuration whereas more complex beaches, which support the existence of rip current morphology, are stable and more common. The research objectives of the proposed work focus on obtaining new observations of the three-dimensional structure of the rip current system utilizing a suite of in situ instruments. In addition, a fleet of 30 inexpensive surf zone drifters were constructed and deployed to evaluate Lagrangian observations of rip current system for evaluating mean flow patterns, vorticity, dispersion, and diffusion. The second related effort applies a numerical model (Delft3D) to evaluate the dynamics of the rip current system and its interaction with the surface wave field and bottom topography. These new observations will be used to validate Delft3D and extend our understanding of rip current processes.
Hydraulic Network Analysis Using Linear Theory

A method of analyzing flow distribution in hydraulic networks is presented. Basically, this method uses a linearized head loss term which allows a network of n pipes to be described by a set of n linear equations which can be solved simultaneously for the flow distribution. Because of the linear approximations used, several trials will be required to get an accurate solution. This method of analyzing hydraulic networks is characterized by an assured convergence which is very rapid when compared to other available methods. One reason for this is that it is possible to compute a fairly accurate initial flow distribution and no initial estimates are required. In addition, the method applies directly to both closed loop systems and open-closed loop systems. The method is also easy to program for solution on a digital computer.
Abstract 4311: Fluorescence-guided surgery of pancreatic cancer using activatable cell penetrating peptides (ACPPs) in orthotopic mouse models

Surgical resection with complete removal of tumor remains one of the most effective modalities in the treatment of cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using activatable cell penetrating peptides (ACPPs) conjugated to Cy5 fluorophores to accurately label primary pancreatic tumor for fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) in orthotopic mouse models. Orthotopic mouse models of human pancreatic cancer using surgical implantation of tumor fragments of the MiaPaca-2-GFP pancreatic cancer cell line were established. Two weeks after tumor implantation, the tumors were resected with bright light surgery (BLS) or FGS. FGS was performed with a florescence-dissecting microscope (MVX10, Olympus) 2 hours after periorbital injection of ACPPs. Completeness of resection was assessed from postoperative images obtained with the Maestro CRI Small Imaging System. Postoperatively, we performed whole body imaging of the mice to assess for recurrence. At eight weeks, mice were sacrificed to evaluate pancreatic tumor burden, as well as local and distant recurrence. Cy-5-conjugated ACPPs, cleavable by MMP-2 and MMP-9 permitted clear visualization of tumor margins for fluorescence-guided resection. With FGS, no residual tumor was detected in the postoperative surgical site in all 16 mice. One mouse out of 16 undergoing BLS had evidence of residual tumor postoperatively. At 8 weeks, mice in the BLS group demonstrated larger primary tumors compared to mice in the FGS group (1.72 g ± SE 0.58 vs 0.25 g ± SE 0.14, p=0.026). Mean disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly lengthened from 5.33 weeks in the BLS group to 7.38 weeks in the FGS group (p=0.02). Furthermore, recurrence rates were lower in the FGS group (38% vs 73%, p=0.049). This translated into a lower local and distant recurrence rate for FGS (31% vs 67% and 25% vs 60%, respectively). ACPPs can provide an alternative method to accurately and effectively label cancer cells for improved resection of tumors that do not express specific tumor antigens and result in better outcomes post-resection. Citation Format: Cristina A. Metildi, Sharmeela Kaushal, Csilla N. Felsen, Quyen T. Nguyen, Robert M. Hoffman, Roger Y. Tsien, Michael Bouvet. Fluorescence-guided surgery of pancreatic cancer using activatable cell penetrating peptides (ACPPs) in orthotopic mouse models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4311. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4311
Concert/C: supporting distributed programming with language extensions and a portable multiprotocol runtime

We describe the design and implementation of the Concert/C compiler and runtime. We describe solutions to the problems of (1) how to extend a language without compromising the use of legacy source and object code and tools, (2) how to extract language-neutral interface information from native language type declarations, (3) how to make function pointers into first-class values transmissable over a network while retaining runtime compatibility with plain C, and (4) how to interoperate with multiple RPC and messaging protocols, selecting protocols at runtime, with little sacrifice of efficiency. >
Micro-level analysis of airport delay externalities using deterministic queuing models: a case study ☆

Abstract We analyze runway delay externalities at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) using a deterministic queuing model. The model allows us to estimate the delay impact of each specific arriving flight on each other specific arriving flight. We find that, despite being only moderately congested (average queuing delay only 4 min per arriving flight), individual flights can generate as much as 3 aircraft-hours of external delay impact on other flights, with an average impact of 26 aircraft-minutes and 3400 seat-minutes. About 90 percent of this impact is external to the airline as well as the flight, a consequence of the lack of a dominant airline at LAX. We then compare the delay impact of each individual flight to its contribution to schedule convenience by determining the amount of “schedule delay” that would result if the flight were eliminated and its passengers forced to use the previous flight flown by the same airline from the same origin. We find that a number of commuter flights serving high density, short-haul segments generate much more queuing delay than they save in schedule delay, with the ratio exceeding 10 in several cases. We argue that social welfare would increase if such flights were eliminated, upsizing others as necessary to accommodate the displaced loads.
Ontogeny and expression of chicken A blood group antigens

Expression of chicken red blood cell (RBC) surface antigens was studied by using a monoclonal antibody (ISU-cA) specific for chicken A blood group antigens. Erythrocytes were examined from embryos of 3-18 days of incubation and from chicks at hatch up to 21 weeks of age. Specific antigens were detected on embryonic RBC surfaces by immunofluorescence as early as 3 days of incubation. Antigenic expression was examined by both haemagglutination and immunofluorescence and found to increase with age from embryos to mature birds. The antigen concentration on the cell surface was found to be affected by genotype; heterozygotes had an intermediate level of antigen between that of the two parental genotypes. These data confirm the co-dominance that is observed with most blood group antigens. Flow cytometric analysis allowed confirmation that the entire erythrocyte population gradually increased in antigenic expression over time, rather than having an antigen-negative subpopulation being replaced by a positive subpopulation.
Investigations of Heme Protein Absorption Line Shapes, Vibrational Relaxation, and Resonance Raman Scattering on Ultrafast Time Scales †

The spectral dynamics of photoexcited myoglobin (Mb) and its ligated species have been measured using both single wavelength and broadband continuum probes. Ultrafast spectral relaxation of the deoxy photoproduct involves an initially broadened and red-shifted absorption band, which is observed for all samples studied (deoxyMb, metMb, MbNO, MbCO). These results are consistent with an immediate (sub 100 fs) relaxation to the electronic ground state followed by vibrational equilibration. Relaxation of the “hot” photoproduct spectrum is well described using independent time scales for narrowing (400 fs) and blue shifting (0.4−4 ps) as the system returns to equilibrium. A previous multiple electronic intermediate state model, which is based on single wavelength measurements (Petrich, J. W.; Poyart, C.; Martin, J. L. Biochemistry 1988, 27, 4049), does not adequately explain the observed broadband spectral dynamics, particularly on the blue side of the Soret band (unless still more electronic states are postula...
Experimental exposure of hamster pulp.

Abstract A method of pulp exposure and treatment has been described, using hamsters to overcome some of the difficulties and objections met with in this type of experiment. The results have been evaluated histologically, and the findings compared with those of others who used larger-animal and human subjects. The failure of pulps treated with calcium hydroxide-water in certain instances to remain in an optimal state of health, even after successful dentine bridge formation, is discussed.
A Structural Equation Model Of End-User Satisfaction With A Computer-Based Medical Information System

The research presents a theoretical model linking computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in a positive fashion to end-user perceptions of satisfaction with an information system. Further, the model proposes that the antecedents of management support, ease of system use, and end-user previous computer experience all have similar positive, meaningful impacts on both computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. The theoretical model is tested using 384 responses from hospital staff members of a large, nonprofit hospital in the southeastern United States. The empirical technique used is structural equations with latent variables. The results of the analysis verify the model and indicate that it provides a reasonable representation of end-user satisfaction with an information system. Specifically, the empirical results show that management support, ease of system use, and end-user previous computer experience all have significant, positive impacts on both computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. Computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy are shown to have significant and positive influences on end-user system satisfaction. From these results, managerial implications and future directions for research are discussed.
A Power Control Based Admission Algorithm for Maximizing Throughput in a CDMA Network

In this paper we examine the aggregate throughput of the uplink of a circuit switched CDMA data transmission system using a combination of theoretical and simulation techniques. The theoretical analysis determines the transmitter power levels and the number of active terminals that jointly maximize the throughput via standard optimization methods. We find that the terminal with the lowest path gain should transmit at maximum power and that all other terminals should aim for a common received power level that is higher than the received power from the terminal with lowest path gain. In addition we show that the system should admit the number of terminals that results in a target signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio that depends on the processing gain and the noise power. A numerical example suggests that power control designed to achieve equal received power for all terminals results in aggregate throughput nearly as high as that obtained with optimum power control. This finding greatly simplifies the engineering problem from a network manager's viewpoint.