cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
More Than “Just a Joke”: The Prejudice-Releasing Function of Sexist Humor

The results of two experiments supported the hypothesis that, for sexist men, exposure to sexist humor can promote the behavioral release of prejudice against women. Experiment 1 demonstrated that hostile sexism predicted the amount of money participants were willing to donate to a women's organization after reading sexist jokes but not after reading nonhumorous sexist statements or neutral jokes. Experiment 2 showed that hostile sexism predicted the amount of money participants cut from the budget of a women's organization relative to four other student organizations upon exposure to sexist comedy skits but not neutral comedy skits. A perceived local norm of approval of funding cuts for the women's organization mediated the relationship between hostile sexism and discrimination against the women's organization.
Effects of 5′-iododeoxyuridine on the repair of radiation induced potentially lethal damage interphase chromatin breaks and DNA double strand breaks in chinese hamster ovary cells

The effect of 5'-iododeoxyuridine incorporation into DNA on radiation sensitivity, cellular repair capability, induction and repair of interphase chromatin breaks, as well as induction and repair of DNA double strand breaks was investigated in plateau-phase Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to X rays. Repair of potentially lethal damage, as measured by delayed plating plateau-phase cells, was used to assay cellular repair capacity. Induction and repair of interphase chromatin breaks were assayed by means of premature chromosome condensation, whereas induction and repair of DNA double strand breaks were assayed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Incorporation of 5'-iododeoxyuridine into DNA sensitized cells to radiation. Radiosensitization increased with increasing percent thymidine replacement and was accompanied by an increase in the number of chromatin breaks scored per Gy and a small increase in the number of DNA double strand breaks produced. Cells grown in the presence of 5'-iododeoxyuridine were able to repair potentially lethal damage. When the comparison was made at equal doses, the extent of this repair was higher but its rate slower in 5'-iododeoxyuridine containing cells. At equal survival levels, cells that had incorporated IdU also repaired PLD to a slightly higher extent than control cells grown in IdU free medium. The magnitude of potentially lethal damage repair increased as cells "aged" in the plateau-phase, particularly for high 5'-iododeoxyuridine concentrations (8 microM). Incorporation of 5'-iododeoxyuridine reduced the rate of repair of interphase chromatin breaks and the rate of repair of DNA double strand breaks (both the fast and the slow component). The results suggest that reduction in the efficiency of repair of DNA double strand breaks and chromatin breaks, produced by radiation in 5'-iododeoxyuridine containing cells, is one determinant of the radiosensitization observed.
Effects of Prenatal Care on Neonates Born to Drug-Using Women

This study examined whether prenatal care ameliorates the adverse effects of illicit drug use during pregnancy. We reviewed medical records of 336 women who delivered at the university hospital for results of urine drug screens, maternal history, infant outcome, and presence of prenatal care. Ninety-one women tested positive for illicit drugs, of whom 60 obtained prenatal care. We associated use of marijuana with increased risk of fetal distress; cocaine use with decreased birth weight, smaller head circumference, anemia, and meconium-stained amniotic fluid; and multiple drug use with decreased weight and meconium-stained fluid. Drug-using women who obtained prenatal care delivered infants of greater weight and with larger head circumferences than did those who obtained no care (p < .05). These results confirm the adverse effects of illicit drug use during pregnancy.
Small signal analysis of four-wave mixing in InAs/GaAs quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers

A model to study four-wave mixing (FWM) wavelength conversion in InAs-GaAs quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier is proposed. Rate equations involving two QD states are solved to simulate the carrier density modulation in the system, results show that the existence of QD excited state contributes to the ultra fast recover time for single pulse response by serving as a carrier reservoir for the QD ground state, its speed limitations are also studied. Nondegenerate four-wave mixing process with small intensity modulation probe signal injected is simulated using this model, a set of coupled wave equations describing the evolution of all frequency components in the active region of QD-SOA are derived and solved numerically. Results show that better FWM conversion efficiency can be obtained compared with the regular bulk SOA, and the four-wave mixing bandwidth can exceed 1.5 THz when the detuning between pump and probe lights is 0.5 nm.
Local water resource variability and oxygen isotopic reconstructions of mobility: A case study from the Maya area

Abstract Stable oxygen isotopic studies of migration and mobility using human tissue are based on the premise that δ 18 O values of potable water sources are relatively stable over time and vary predictably across the landscape. Local variability of δ 18 O is generally assumed to be negligible and negated by an averaging effect as oxygen is consumed primarily as imbibed liquid and incorporated into tissue. This study tests the assumption that variability of δ 18 O ratios of water from within a region are insufficient to impact the reconstruction of ancient mobility using isotopic measures of human tooth and bone. This case study focuses on the Maya area of Guatemala and Mexico, a region where many analyses of oxygen isotopic ratios in ancient human tissue has been conducted. 71 water samples were obtained over the course of five years, from precipitation, streams, rivers, lakes, aguadas (watering holes), civals (perennial wetlands), and caves. Unlike most baseline studies, the objective here was the repeated testing of a diversity of sources from the same location. δ 18 O VSMOW values from surface and meteoric water range from − 16.0 to + 3.6‰. The precipitation range is − 16.0 to 1.58‰ (n = 22) with the highest and lowest values measured at the same location (El Zotz, Guatemala). The surface water range is − 9.2 to 3.6 (n = 48), the lowest value is the Usumacinta River at Yaxchilan and the highest value is from a lake located 65 kilometers away. The δ 18 O values of local streams were remarkably stable over time. Major rivers, such as the Usumacinta River, have relatively constant values. Closed water basins (lakes, aguadas , and civals ) demonstrated an evaporative effect and δ 18 O was variable both between basins and in individual basins over time. In the Peten region, mean δ 18 O of precipitation is statistically different than that of lake and aguada water. Local δ 18 O differences in consumed water likely explain the variability observed in human tooth enamel at Tikal and other Peten region sites. This case study demonstrates that local isotopic values may be more diverse than is generally assumed in studies of human mobility that rely on little to no baseline data. Future studies of mobility based on oxygen isotopic measures of ancient human tooth and bone should include measures of both meteoric water and a diverse range of surface and groundwater to develop more robust interpretations of oxygen isotopic values in ancient human tissue.
Psychophysical Spectral-Sensitivity Measurements and Color-Matching Data*

The consistency between psychophysical spectral-sensitivity measurements and color-matching data has been tested. The two-color-threshold technique allows the derivation of three spectral-sensitivity curves, which are used to generate a color space. This space is consistent (except for λ>650 nm) with the color-matching data of normal-color-vision observers.
Levels of ornithine decarboxylase activation used as a simple marker of metal induced growth arrest in tissue culture.

Abstract Exposure of proliferating cells to specific water solube metal compounds at 0.1 or 1.0 mM concentrations inhibited cell growth and also depressed the induction of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme which is tightly coupled to the initiation of cell growth. Salts of Co ++ , Ni ++ , Cu ++ , Cr +6 and Cd ++ significantly reduced incorporation of radiolabeled leucine, thymidine or uridine into trichloroacetic acid insoluble material, inhibited the doubling of Chinese hamster ovary cells, and blocked the the induction of ornithine decarboxylase. The addition of similar concentrations of other metals such as Fe ++ , K + , Mg ++ , Pb ++ , Ca ++ or Sn ++ had no effect on ODC induction and also did not inhibit the other parameters associated with cell proliferation which were measured. These results suggest that ornithine decarboxylase induction can be used as a marker of metal induced growth arrest.
Submillimeter-wave spectra of H12COOCH3 and H13COOCH3 in excited CH3 torsional states

Abstract Several satellite series of rotational spectra have been observed in addition to the spectral lines arising from the ground torsional state for the normal and 13C1 species of methyl formate in the 110–380 GHz frequency region. They have been assigned to the first and second excited torsional state for both species. Combined least-squares analyses of selected lines from the A and E substates in each excited torsional state have been undertaken independently from the ground state with the effective rotational Hamiltonian procedure for the internal rotation analysis. Intensity ratios for the same rotational transitions in different torsional states have been compared to estimate relative energies of the excited torsional states and to confirm their assignments.
MEASURING SKELETAL KINEMATICS WITH ACCELEROMETERS ON THE SKIN SURFACE

Gait analysis is an area within biomechanics that quantifies the motion of an animal. The most common motion analysis method uses cameras to track the position of markers on bodily surfaces over time. Although each species has a common skeletal frame to reference recorded motions, the soft tissue covering each is not rigid. Markers, therefore, experience motion relative to the bone and do not accurately portray underlying bone activity. This limits clinical use of motion studies and the understanding of joint motion.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Tracking Gene Expression after DNA Delivery Using Spatially Indexed Nanofiber Arrays

The penetration and residence of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNF) within live cell matrices is demonstrated upon substrates that incorporate spatially registered indices to facilitate temporal tracking of individual cells. Penetration of DNA-modified carbon nanofibers into live cells using this platform provides efficient delivery and expression of exogenous genes, similar to “microinjection”-styled methods, but on a massively parallel basis. Spatially registered indices on the substrate allow one to conveniently locate individual cells, facilitating temporal tracking of gene expression events. We describe fabrication and use of this gene delivery platform which consists of arrays of individual carbon nanofibers at 5-μm pitch within numerically indexed, 100-μm square grid patterns. Fabrication of these devices on silicon substrates enables mass production of 100 devices (5 mm2) per wafer, with each device providing over 800,000 nanofiber-based “needles” for cellular impalement and gene deliver...
Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Therapy in a Naturalistic Setting: A Comparison Between Risperidone, Perphenazine, and Haloperidol

Background: Therapeutic ineffectiveness and noncompliance with antipsychotic agents are major contributors to rehospitalization in patients with psychotic disorders. It is unknown whether risperidone's favorable side effect profile compared with that of the conventional antipsychotics results in improved compliance and reduced hospitalizations in a naturalistic setting. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that treatment with risperidone reduces readmission rates and associated costs when compared with treatment with perphenazine or haloperidol. Method: Inpatients prescribed either risperidone, perphenazine, or haloperidol between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1995, as a single oral antipsychotic at discharge were retrospectively identified. Data were collected for that index hospitalization and for a 1-year follow-up period. Primary outcome measures included readmission rates, changes in antipsychotic therapy, anticholinergic drug use, and costs. Results: There were 202 evaluable patients (81 treated with risperidone, 78 with perphenazine, and 43 with haloperidol). Baseline demographics were similar between groups except that more patients in the risperidone group had a primary diagnosis of psychotic disorder or had been hospitalized in the year prior to study. The percentage of patients readmitted during the 1-year follow-up period was similar among drug groups (41% risperidone, 26% perphenazine, and 35% haloperidol) when controlled for baseline differences in diagnosis and hospitalization history (p = .32). Anticholinergic drug use was more common in the haloperidol group (p = .004). Mean yearly cost (drug + hospitalization) in the risperidone group was $20,317, nearly double that in the other treatment groups (p <.001). Conclusion: The results from this naturalistic study indicate that the high cost of risperidone is not offset by a reduction in readmission rates when compared with conventional antipsychotics.
Laboratory Maturation and Induced Spawning of Striped Bass

Abstract Controlled photoperiod and temperature conditioning were used to induce maturation and spawning in striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Two male and two female adult striped bass (8-12 kg) were maintained in a closed water-recirculation system for 13 months. Temperature and photoperiod were adjusted on an annual cycle to induce gonadal development and spawning. Gonadal development was apparent during the spring portion of the cycle, and spawning followed injection of 330 international units human chorionic gonadotropin/kg body weight. The two females produced 1.4 x 106 and 1.2 x 106 eggs, respectively, with no brood-fish mortality; 19,000 fry survived to 10 d post-hatch.
Structure and chromosomal localization of CYP6A1, a cytochrome P450-encoding gene from the house fly.

We determined the sequence of a cytochrome P450-encoding gene, CYP6A1, in an insecticide-resistant strain (Rutgers) and in insecticide-susceptible strains (aabys and sbo) of the house fly Musca domestica. The deduced amino acid (aa) sequence of CYP6A1 is 98% identical between Rutgers and aabys, and it is identical between Rutgers and sbo. Differences in aa sequence occur in regions that are not thought to participate in the active site. CYP6A1 has a single intron, 60 bp in length. It does not occur in a position homologous to intron sites in genes of the related CYP3 family or other vertebrate P450 families. We mapped the transcription start point (tsp), TATA box and barbie box [Shaw and Fulco, J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1993) 2997-3004] of this phenobarbital-inducible gene. Although overexpression of CYP6A1 in strain Rutgers is controlled by a locus on chromosome II [Carino et al., Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 24 (1994) 411-418], we have localized CYP6A1 to chromosome V, thus showing that a trans-acting factor controls the overexpression of the gene in the Rutgers strain.
Reaction field model with free volume for the NMR chemical shift of129Xe dissolved in organic solvents

The temperature dependence of the NMR chemical shift of129Xe dissolved in liquid alkanes is examined in the context of the reaction field model. An essential feature of the theory is the inclusion of the temperature dependence of the density of thesolvent. The theory of free volume for liquids is incorporated into the reaction field model to account for this temperature dependence. Comparison of the theory with previously reported measurements indicates the sensitivity of the129Xe chemical shift to the free volume of liquids. Incorporation of free volume improves the agreement between measurement and theory for branched alkane solvents, and resolves the origin of the 62 ppm intercept in the plot of reaction field as a function of129Xe chemical shift for the n-alkanes.
The effect of cortisone and somatotrophic hormone on vaccinia virus lesions and benzyl alcohol toxicity in the embryonated egg.

of experimental infections is, in general, to enhance their severity (Freeman et al, 1950; Michael, 1950; Abernathy, 1951; editorial, 1951a and b; Glaser et al, 1951; Kilbourne, 1951a and b; Kligman etal, 1951;Redaellietal, 1951; Thomas, Mogabgab, and Good, 1951; Turner 1951; Syverton et al, 1952). Scherr (1953a) proposed the hypothesis that cortisone may elicit either a deleterious or efficacious effect on certain
Global illumination with radiance regression functions

We present radiance regression functions for fast rendering of global illumination in scenes with dynamic local light sources. A radiance regression function (RRF) represents a non-linear mapping from local and contextual attributes of surface points, such as position, viewing direction, and lighting condition, to their indirect illumination values. The RRF is obtained from precomputed shading samples through regression analysis, which determines a function that best fits the shading data. For a given scene, the shading samples are precomputed by an offline renderer.The key idea behind our approach is to exploit the nonlinear coherence of the indirect illumination data to make the RRF both compact and fast to evaluate. We model the RRF as a multilayer acyclic feed-forward neural network, which provides a close functional approximation of the indirect illumination and can be efficiently evaluated at run time. To effectively model scenes with spatially variant material properties, we utilize an augmented set of attributes as input to the neural network RRF to reduce the amount of inference that the network needs to perform. To handle scenes with greater geometric complexity, we partition the input space of the RRF model and represent the subspaces with separate, smaller RRFs that can be evaluated more rapidly. As a result, the RRF model scales well to increasingly complex scene geometry and material variation. Because of its compactness and ease of evaluation, the RRF model enables real-time rendering with full global illumination effects, including changing caustics and multiple-bounce high-frequency glossy interreflections.
Matching TCP packets and its application to the detection of long connection chains on the Internet

Network attackers usually launch their attacks behind a long connection chain. One way to stop such attacks is to prevent the attackers from using computers as "stepping-stones" for their attacks. A "Step-Function" method has been proposed to detect the length of a connection chain from a host to the victim machine. The algorithm is based on the changes in packet round trip times. Due to many network protocol issues, it is impossible to match all such packets correctly. We propose two algorithms to match TCP packet in real-time. The first algorithm matched fewer packets but the matching is correct. The second one matches more packets with some uncertainty on the correctness. The two algorithms gave almost identical results in determining the length of a connection chain. The algorithm gives a way to stop stepping-stone intrusion on the Internet in real-time.
The Ventilator Liberation Process: Update on Technique, Timing, and Termination of Tracheostomy

Tracheostomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in the ICU. Despite the frequency of the procedure, there remains controversy regarding selection of patients who should undergo tracheostomy, the optimal technique, timing of placement and decannulation, as well as impact on outcome associated with the procedure. A growing body of literature demonstrates that percutaneous tracheostomy performed in the ICU is a safe procedure, even in high risk patients. Advances in techniques, together with adjuncts to improve visualization, seem promising and likely to further improve the safety of the technique. Although there was initial enthusiasm in support of early tracheostomy to improve patient outcomes, repeated studies have been unable to produce robust benefits. The question of optimal timing and location of decannulation has not been answered, but there is some reassurance that in aggregate, across a variety of ICUs, patients do not appear to be harmed by transfer to ward with tracheostomy. Future research into techniques, timing, and termination of tracheostomy is warranted.
High power testing of a 17 GHz photocathode RF gun

We report experimental high power test results on a high gradient 17 GHz RF photocathode gun. The 1 1/2 cell, /spl pi/-mode, copper cavity was tested with 5-10 MW, 100 ns, 17.145 GHz pulses from a 24 M W Haimson Research Corp. klystron. A maximum surface electric field of 250 MeV/m was achieved corresponding to an on-axis gradient of 150 MeV/m. The gradient was verified by a preliminary electron beam energy measurement. Conditioning with /spl sim/10/sup 5/ shots resulted in a low field emission current, less than 6 mA. Future research will concentrate on measurements of the quality of electron beams produced by ps laser photoemission.
Marital discord and childhood behavior problems

Measures of overt marital hostility, general marital adjustment, and children's behavior problems were obtained from the parents of 64 children referred to a child psychological clinic. Correlations between children's scores on measures of general marital unhappiness and overt marital hostility were compared. Overt marital hostility correlated significantly with many behavior problems of boys. However, neither general marital unhappiness nor overt marital hostility related to problem behaviors in girls. Specific findings and possible reasons for the differential results with respect to boys and girls were discussed.
WALRUS: wireless acoustic location with room-level resolution using ultrasound

In this paper, we propose a system that uses the wireless networking and microphone interfaces of mobile devices to determine location to room-level accuracy. The wireless network provides a synchronizing pulse along with information about the room. This is accompanied by an ultrasound beacon that allows us to resolve locations to the confines of a physical room (since audio is mostly bounded by walls). We generate the wireless data and ultrasound pulses from the existing PCs in each room; a PDA carried by a user listens for both signals. Thus, our approach does not require special hardware. We do not use ultrasound to send data. As a result we dramatically reduce the computational burden on the mobile device while also decreasing the latency of location resolution. Our results indicate that (i) ultrasound detection is robust even in noisy environments with many reflective surfaces; and (ii) that we can determine the correct room within a couple of seconds with high probability even when the ultrasound emitting PCs are not synchronized.
MOSFET 1/f noise measurement under switched bias conditions

Klumperink et al, have recently had a number of publications on the low frequency noise of MOSFETs under switched gate bias conditions. Since this is an important consideration in the low frequency noise in analog circuits with switching, we have investigated the signal processing technique used in some detail with respect to the data presented in the IEEE Electron Device Letters (vol.2, no.1, p. 43-46, 2000). No consideration was given to phase noise, a mixing with and modulation of the switched bias drain current by 1/f noise, in the analysis of the data. This can result in a response on the spectrum analyzer which corresponds very closely to the experimental data where the switched bias off gate voltage is near the threshold voltage. At low frequencies there will be just 1/f noise, then a plateau caused by the sum of 1/f noise and phase noise, a peak corresponding to the fundamental component of the switched bias, and at higher frequencies a phase noise in excess of the 1/f noise.
Modeling and parallel evaluation of non-functional requirements using FRORL requirements language

Current requirements specifications tend to focus more on the functional aspect than the nonfunctional side of a product. Many techniques and tools have been developed to specify and evaluate functional requirements, but few of them are equipped to deal with nonfunctional requirements. In this paper we extend the formal requirements specification language, FRORL, to model nonfunctional requirements and show how these nonfunctional requirements are related to the functional requirements. We also introduce a parallel evaluation technique to evaluate the functional requirements model by satisfying the nonfunctional requirements associated to it. By examining the result from the functional model, we can see how the nonfunctional requirements are satisfied, so that we can adjust and modify the nonfunctional requirements. >
Studies of Leukocyte Exudates in Cyanate‐Treated Animals

Cyanate (NCO), which impedes sickling by increasing the oxygen affinity of sickle haemoglobin, may react with many proteins in the body and potentially interfere with many functional systems. Leukocyte glycogen was studies because elevated liver glycogen has been noted after high dose NCO treatment in rats. Leukocyte function was also studied in peritoneal exudates. In animals given NCO alone, blood leukocyte glycogen was 2.8 plus or minus 0.3 (SE) mg per 10+9 WBC while control values were 3.3 plus or minus 0.6, a difference not statistically significant. In casein-induced peritoneal exudates, more WBC were recovered from NCO-treated animals (265 x 10+6 WBC vs. 214 x 10+6 WBC; P = 0.0009). Glycogen in blood leukocytes of casein-stimulated animals was not significantly different from NCO-treated animals. Leukocyte glycogen in peritoneal exudates was markedly increased over blood leukocyte glycogen in both controls (19.4 plus or minus 0.6 vs. 2.7 plus or minus 0.3 mg per 10+9/WBC; P less than 0.0001) and NCO-treated animals (17.5 plus or minus 0.7 vs. 3.6 plus or minus 0.5 mg per 10+9 WBC; P less than 0.001), although levels in exudates from control and NCO-treated animals did not significantly differ from each other. 14-C-glucose incorporation into glycogen was significantly increased (P = 0.020) in exudate leukocytes of NCO-treated animals. Initial phagocytic rates were equal in exudate leukocytes of control and NCO-treated animals. Although NCO treatment has demonstrable effects on ome aspects of leukocyte glycogen metabolism, exudation of leukocytes and phagocytic function are not impaired.
Racial Primes and Black Misandry on Historically White Campuses: Toward Critical Race Accountability in Educational Administration

Background: Racial primes are an outgrowth and inculcation of a well-structured, highly developed, racially conservative, “race-neutral” or “color-blind” racial socialization process in which children learn race-specific stereotypes about African Americans and other race/ethnic groups. As they get older, they continue to receive—both involuntary and voluntary—corroborating messages of anti-Black stereotypes from adults, friends, games, folklore, music, television, popular media, and the hidden curriculum. A result of this belief system is Black misandry. Black misandry refers to an exaggerated pathological aversion toward Black men created and reinforced in societal, institutional, and individual ideologies, practices, and behaviors.Findings: Through the use of focus group interview data from African American male students at four universities, it reveals that potent Black misandric beliefs exist in both academic and social spaces in the collegiate environment.Conclusions: Using critical race theory as a ...
A new decentralization technique for interconnected systems

This paper deals with LTI interconnected systems whose subsystems have coupled dynamics. The objective is to decentralize a given centralized controller satisfying some prescribed design specifications. More precisely, a parameterized decentralized controller is to be designed such that the state and the input of the system under the obtained decentralized controller can become arbitrarily close to those of the system under the given centralized controller, by tuning its free parameters. To this end, a two-level decentralized controller is designed, where the top level captures the dynamics of the centralized control system. The notion of structural initial value observability is introduced to design the bottom level of the decentralized controller. This method can decentralize every generic centralized controller, provided the interconnected system satisfies very mild conditions.
Sparse space codes for multi-antenna systems

Sparse space codes (SSC) are proposed as a novel transmission scheme for an under-determined MIMO channel. Each SSC codeword is a sparse vector of the size of the number of transmit antennas. The information is imparted through: (i) uncertainty in the positions of non-zero elements, and (ii) uncertainty in the symbol-space of non-zero elements. Basis-pursuit (BPD) and LASSO detectors are used with knowledge of code sparsity to detect SSC. However, their performance is found to be degraded compared to the Maximum Likelihood Detector (MLD). A runner-up basis pursuit algorithm is proposed that provides MLD-like performance with a small increment in complexity over BPD. Analytical and simulation results show that SSC outperforms orthogonal space time block codes in terms of word error rate at varying SNR ranges.
Selected Methodological Issues in Evaluating Community-Based Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Programs

An important recent trend in health promotion and disease prevention has been the increasing number and scope of communitybased interventions. These programs are aimed at entire populations, which are usually geographically defined, and they attempt to change health behavior and disease risk through mass media campaigns, activation of existing community organizations, or changes in the physical or sociocultural environment. Several large programs of this kind have been
On the Polycondensation of Amino Acid Adenylates on Montmorillonites

Supplementing earlier findings by A. Katchalsky et al., and current work of M. Paecht-Horowitz, a number of studies on the mechanisms of adsorption underlying the catalysis mechanism show, at least, 3 types of adsorption, i.e. two ion exchange mechanisms on clay faces and edges, and a general, possibly ion- pair mediated, polar adsorption. X-ray data on dry clay-peptide sandwiches show clearly adsorption in well defined layers, while analysis of rates of polymerization, of blocking experiments of clay agglomeration, and of the effects of polypeptide preadsorption show that the clay faces and edges are involved in the enhancement of the polycondensation which also requires that the clay platelet stacks can expand by interlayer adsorption during the reaction.
Genetic Variation and Exposure Related Risk Estimation: Will Toxicology Enter a New Era? DNA Repair and Cancer as a Paradigm:

With the vast technological and informational resources increasingly available from investments in "genomics," toxicology and much of biological science, is faced with previously undreamed of opportunities and equally daunting challenges. The ability to generate the large quantities of data becoming routinely available could not be imagined a decade ago. The complexities of data analysis are increasingly the rate-limiting element in scientific advances. The expectations that these large scientific investments will reduce the incidence of human disease and improve health are very high. An emphasis on genetic variation and Toxicogenetics is expected to yield risk estimates for specific rather than average individuals and individuals with varied lifestyles and complex patterns of exposure. Examples from studies of polymorphic variation in DNA repair genes in the healthy population and cancer risk highlight the complexity and challenges of incorporating genetic variation into quantitative estimates of risk associated with environmentally relevant exposures. Similar issues exist in selecting the animal models most appropriate for predicting human risk from environmental exposures to toxic agents.
Self-assembled magnetic nanowire arrays

Programmable defect-free self-assembled magnetic nanowire arrays were produced by using specially designed nano-magnet arrays and external magnetic field. Nickel nanowires were grown on nanoporous template using electrodeposition technique. Magnetic properties, structure and morphology were studied carefully by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Individual magnetic nanowires were successfully trapped between the nanomagnet pairs with a width of 200 nm and a thickness of 100 nm. Templated self-assembly of magnetic nanowires was successfully demonstrated with Permalloy nano-magnet arrays in both 1D and 2D.
A Pilot Study of the Ability of the Forced Response Test to Discriminate Between 3-Year-Old Children with Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion or with Recurrent Acute Otitis Media

Abstract Conclusions: When used to test 3-year-old children within 3 months of tympanostomy tube placement for recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) or chronic otitis media with effusion (cOME) the forced response test (FRT) showed relatively minor differences in the active and passive functions of the eustachian tube. While the sample size was small, the high variability in all test parameters suggests that the FRT alone is not capable of distinguishing between children with different expressions of otitis media. Objective: The FRT was designed to measure the passive and active properties of the eustachian tube. We evaluated the ability of that test to discriminate groups of children with rAOM or cOME. Methods: Twenty-two ears (15 children) with a confirmed history of rAOM and 24 ears (17 children) with a confirmed history of cOME were tested at 3 years of age within 3 months of ventilation tube placement. The parameters of the FRT were compared between these groups using a two-tailed Student's t test and ...
A Numerical Modeling Investigation of a Case of Polar Airstream Cyclogenesis over the Gulf of Alaska

Abstract The primary objectives of this study were 1) to test the ability of a high-resolution (40 km) limited-area model to successfully simulate a meso-α-scale case of polar airstream cyclogenesis, 2) to examine the effects of various physical conditions and dynamical processes on the storm development, and 3) to examine the evolving structure of the system. Principal findings were as follows. The control experiment, which utilized a 40-km horizontal grid increment, a Kuo-type cumulus parameterization, and surface sensible and latent heat fluxes, produced a small-scale cyclone with a central pressure of 996 mb at hour 24 (as compared with a subjectively analyzed pressure of 994 mb) with the position of the low center within 100 km of the analyzed location. Cyclogenesis, albeit significantly weaker, did occur in an adiabatic simulation. This appeared to result from the adiabatic forcing associated with a migrating upper-level short-wave trough. Strong ascent in the control simulation occurred near the su...
YU238259 Is a Novel Inhibitor of Homology-Dependent DNA Repair That Exhibits Synthetic Lethality and Radiosensitization in Repair-Deficient Tumors

Radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy are frequently utilized in the treatment of solid tumors. Innate or acquired resistance to these therapies remains a major clinical challenge in oncology. The development of small molecules that sensitize cancers to established therapies represents an attractive approach to extending survival and quality of life in patients. Here, we demonstrate that YU238259, a member of a novel class of DNA double-strand break repair inhibitors, exhibits potent synthetic lethality in the setting of DNA damage response and DNA repair defects. YU238259 specifically inhibits homology-dependent DNA repair, but not non-homologous end-joining, in cell-based GFP reporter assays. Treatment with YU238259 is not only synergistic with ionizing radiation, etoposide, and PARP inhibition, but this synergism is heightened by BRCA2 deficiency. Further, growth of BRCA2-deficient human tumor xenografts in nude mice is significantly delayed by YU238259 treatment even in the absence of concomitant DNA-damaging therapy. The cytotoxicity of these small molecules in repair-deficient cells results from an accumulation of unresolved DNA double-strand breaks. These findings suggest that YU238259 or related small molecules may have clinical benefit to patients with advanced BRCA2-negative tumors, either as a monotherapy or as an adjuvant to radiotherapy and certain chemotherapies. Implications: We have identified a novel series of compounds that demonstrate synthetic lethality in DNA repair–deficient cell and animal models and have strong potential for clinical translation. Mol Cancer Res; 13(10); 1389–97. ©2015 AACR . This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, [p. 1359][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/13/1359?iss=10
The health information technology safety framework: building great structures on vast voids

With their health information technology (HIT) safety framework, Drs Hardeep Singh and Dean Sittig offer many admirable suggestions to improve the safety of computerised provider order entry and electronic health records (EHRs).1 As I shall try to explain, however, I find their proposed framework less than the sum of its parts because: (1) some of its parts, in my opinion, are misdirected; (2) they make errors in their assumptions about what we can know about errors and HIT and (3) their key recommendations lack regulatory or legal teeth. Despite the authors’ fine intentions and several excellent insights and recommendations, I fear their proposal will function more as a distraction than as a useful plan for improving HIT safety—something to make us feel useful while we do not address the underlying problems.
The Assignability of Easements in Gross

W THEN we read in a legal textbook a rule of law stated unequivocally, we are inclined to accept it. However, textbook writers can make mistakes, and courts, by way of dicta, can continue to repeat the mistakes. Such a mistake has been made and continuously repeated by textbook writers and by the dicta of the courts with respect to the question of the assignability of easements in gross. As a result, much confusion has been introduced into the realm of law dealing with the assignability of easements, and the courts have struggled to create exceptions so as not to follow an alleged rule which should have been renounced and forgotten long ago. In general, textbook writers and law publications recite the alleged rule in virtually the same form in which it is set forth in American Jurisprudence:'
Numerical modeling of experimental human fibrous cap delamination

Fibrous cap delamination is a critical process during the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, which often leads to severe life-threatening clinical consequences such as myocardial infarction or stroke. In this study a finite element modeling and simulation approach is presented that enables the study of fibrous cap delamination experiments for the purpose of understanding the fibrous cap delamination process. A cohesive zone model (CZM) approach is applied to simulate delamination of the fibrous cap from the underlying plaque tissue. A viscoelastic anisotropic (VA) model for the bulk arterial material behavior is extended from existing studies so that the hysteresis phenomenon observed in the fibrous cap delamination experiments can be captured. A finite element model is developed for the fibrous cap delamination experiments, in which arterial layers (including the fibrous cap and the underlying plaque tissue) are represented by solid elements based on the VA model and the fibrous cap-underlying plaque tissue interface is characterized by interfacial CZM elements. In the CZM, the delamination process is governed by an exponential traction-separation law which utilizes critical energy release rates obtained directly from the fibrous cap delamination experiments. A set of VA model parameter values and CZM parameter values is determined based on values suggested in the literature and through matching simulation predictions of the load vs. load-point displacement curve with one set of experimental measurements. Using this set of parameter values, simulation predictions for other sets of experimental measurements are obtained and good agreement between simulation predictions and experimental measurements is observed. Results of this study demonstrate the applicability of the viscoelastic anisotropic model and the CZM approach for the simulation of diseased arterial tissue failure processes.
Neonatal Back Transport: Clinical Outcomes

The convalescent course of 55 infants transported from a Level III hospital back to the community hospitals from which they were originally transported was compared with the course of 58 infants who convalesced in the tertiary center nurseries. The events in their prenatal course and acute neonatal course were similar, thus making comparisons of their convalescent course possible. Weight gain was greater among the transported infants for infants with birth weights greater than or equal to 2,000 g and comparable if birth weight was less than 2,000 g. Transported infants received fewer transfusions than their nontransported counterparts. Tolerance of feedings, the occurrence of apnea and bradycardia, and use and discontinuance of supplemental oxygen were similar in both groups. Major new health problems occurred in 27% of all subjects, 20% of transported infants and 32% of nontransported infants. Readmission to the tertiary center or a change in status to more intensive care in the tertiary center occurred in 10% of all infants, 7% of transported and 14% of nontransported infants. It was concluded that convalescing infants often presented new clinical problems, in similar numbers and severity whether convalescing in the tertiary center or after back transport to community hospitals. Community hospital care givers were considered alert to these new problems and to have provided appropriate care, including retransfer to the tertiary center when necessary.
Concept evolution in science and technology policy: The process of change in relationships among university, industry and government

This is an empirical study of concept evolution in science and technology (S&T) policy using words/co-words analysis of Japanese policy documents. By analysing changes over time in the policy concepts in published advisory reports for the Government and capturing the history of S&T policy as a dynamic process, it shows the co-evolution of S&T policy concepts and their surrounding socio-political configurations in Japan. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Structural Synthesis and Design Parameter Hierarchy

The structural synthesis concept is used to automatically size members, select the geometric configuration or layout, and determine the combination of attainable material properties in order to achieve a minimum weight optimum design. The structural behavior is stress, displacement, and stability limited under a multiplicity of load conditions. Using the three bar truss to illustrate the method leads to a nine dimensional design parameter space and a nonlinear weight function. The configuration and material design parameters are treated as continuous variables in addition to the sizing parameters. The structural synthesis capacity illustrates quantitatively the feasibility of extending synthesis capabilities upward into the design parameter hierarchy, provides an efficient means for materials selection from existing materials, and suggests that structural synthesis can provide a means of determining material properties that are desirable for a particular job based on structural optimization.
Ending the Federal Reserve from the Bottom Up: Re-Introducing Competitive Currency by State Adherence to Article I, Section 10

Since its inception, the U.S. Federal Reserve’s monetary policies have led to a decline of over 90% in the purchasing power of the U.S. dollar. As a result, there have been several attempts to curtail or eliminate the Federal Reserve’s powers; however, none have proven successful to date, due mainly to the constraints of strong political opposition at the national level.In contrast to these attempts at the national level, this paper proposes an alternative approach to ending the Federal Reserve’s monopoly on money: the “Constitutional Tender Act,” a bill template that can be introduced in every state legislature in the nation, returning each of them to adherence to the U.S. Constitution's “legal tender” provisions of Article I, Section 10. This approach would have a greater likelihood of success for a number of reasons. First, it is decentralized: rather than facing concerted political opposition at a single Federal level, it attacks the issue at the State level, where strategies and tactics can be adapted to the types and amount of political opposition they encounter. Second, it is diffused: it can be attempted in any number of States, which can cause the opposition to spread its resources much more thinly than would be necessary at the Federal level. Finally, it is legally sound: it relies on the U.S. Constitution’s negative mandate in Article I, Section 10, that “No State shall... make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts.”The conclusion is that, in contrast to “top-down” attempts to “end the Fed,” a “bottom-up” approach using “constitutional tender” laws will find greater success.This paper was presented at the Austrian Scholars Conference at the Mises Institute in Auburn, AL, March 13, 2010.
Obstetric Management and Group B Streptococcal Sepsis

Intrapartum administration of antibiotics (IPA) to pregnant women at the time of delivery has been demonstrated to reduce neonatal colonization with Group B Streptococci (GBS). On this basis, indications for the use of IPA have been progressively broadened over the past several years in the United States. We wondered what impact these recommendations have had in our own institution. Specifically, we addressed two questions: 1) For which conditions, if any, has the use of IPA increased over the past several years in our maternal population? 2) Has the increased use of IPA, if noted, reduced the number of infants with GBS infection?
Case 3: Abnormal Eye Movements and Congestion in a 3-month-old Boy.

1. Joanna Wigfield, DO* 2. Aadil Kakajiwala, MD* 3. Michael L. Forbes, MD* 4. Prasad Bodas, MD* 1. *Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH. A 3-month-old Amish boy presents to the emergency department with recurrent nasal congestion since birth. He has had no fevers, cough, or difficulty breathing. He was born at term without complications. His parents report that his growth and development are overall appropriate, but his mother expresses concern about abnormal eye movements. The father has moderate deficiency of Factor IX. Physical examination results include: temperature 98.4°F (36.9°C), heart rate 140 beats/min, respiratory rate 40 breaths/min, and pulse oximetry 99% in room air. His length is 59.7 cm (7th percentile), weight is 6.1 kg (22nd percentile), and head circumference is 40.6 cm (15th percentile). He has minimally reactive and dilated pupils, with consistent downward gaze and disconjugate ocular movements. Anterior fontanelle is soft and flat. He has prominent upper airway sounds. A nasal catheter cannot be passed through the right nare. Lungs are …