cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The specific heat of solids and the principle of similitude

The writer has already presented (1) a number of derivations in widely different fields of physical science, all of which are based on a single postulate which may be called the principle of similitude. In the present article we shall make use of this same principle in deriving a formula for the specific heat of homogeneous, isotropic, elastic substances.
Is the nonlipomatous component of dedifferentiated liposarcoma always soft tissue on CT? Analysis of CT densities and correlation with rate of growth in 60 patients

To define the various CT densities of nonlipomatous component of dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) and to determine if the rate of growth varies with density. This study identified 60 patients with DDPLS (38 men, 22 women; mean age at diagnosis 59 years, range, 35–82 years) who had one or more resections. CT scan immediately before the surgical resection (presurgery) and up to a maximum of one year before the surgery (baseline) was reviewed by two radiologists to note the density of the nonlipomatous elements and rate of growth during that period. Clinical and histopathological data were extracted from electronic medical records. Rate of growth of various densities was compared using Kruskal–Wallis test. Three distinct densities of the nonlipomatous component were noted: soft tissue density (SD), fluid density (FD), and mixed density (MD). Of 109 lesions on the presurgery scan (SD = 78; MD = 22; FD = 9), scans at baseline were available for 72/109 lesions (SD = 49; MD = 14; FD = 9). Median growth rate/month without treatment, with chemotherapy, and with radiotherapy were 40%, 24%, and 62%, respectively, for SD lesions and 28%, 61%, and 52% for MD lesions. For FD lesions, it was 72% and 35%, respectively, without treatment and with chemotherapy. There was no statistical difference in the rate of growth of various densities. Density changed over time in 8/72 (11%) lesions, including 2/49 SD lesions (to MD), 1/14 MD lesions (to SD), and 5/9 FD lesions (to SD). DDLPS has three distinct CT densities of which soft tissue density is the most common. Despite not being statistically significant, fluid density lesions had rapid growth rate and often converted to soft tissue density in our study.
Autonomous landing at unprepared sites by a full-scale helicopter

Helicopters are valuable since they can land at unprepared sites; however, current unmanned helicopters are unable to select or validate landing zones (LZs) and approach paths. For operation in unknown terrain it is necessary to assess the safety of a LZ. In this paper, we describe a lidar-based perception system that enables a full-scale autonomous helicopter to identify and land in previously unmapped terrain with no human input. We describe the problem, real-time algorithms, perception hardware, and results. Our approach has extended the state of the art in terrain assessment by incorporating not only plane fitting, but by also considering factors such as terrain/skid interaction, rotor and tail clearance, wind direction, clear approach/abort paths, and ground paths. In results from urban and natural environments we were able to successfully classify LZs from point cloud maps. We also present results from 8 successful landing experiments with varying ground clutter and approach directions. The helicopter selected its own landing site, approaches, and then proceeds to land. To our knowledge, these experiments were the first demonstration of a full-scale autonomous helicopter that selected its own landing zones and landed.
Angiotensin II-induced drinking and pressor responses to central or systemic irbesartan and losartan.

Abstract Angiotensin II (ANG II) is a peptide hormone that is important for maintaining blood pressure and body fluid homeostasis. Two nonpeptide angiotensin type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor antagonists, irbesartan and losartan, were compared for their antidipsogenic and antihypertensive efficacy in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. ANG II-induced drinking and pressor responses were examined following central or systemic administration of irbesartan and losartan. Both agents inhibited the drinking response to ANG II in normotensive rats. Irbesartan was more effective than losartan at inhibiting pressor responses to ANG II in normotensive and hypertensive rats. These data indicate that centrally administered irbesartan may be somewhat more effective as an AT 1 receptor antagonist than losartan. However, evaluating the antihypertensive efficacy of these drugs when administered systemically is complex due to several pharmacokinetic factors (e.g., metabolism and lipophilicity).
The chemistry of the cell walls of Bacillus anthracis: the effect of penicillin

1. 1. Cell wall mucopeptide of Bacillus anthracis, strain V1B-189 was prepared from cells grown in the presence and absence of penicillin. Both types contain an unusual inner membrane. 2. 2. These were analysed for reducing sugars, amino sugars and amino acids. Both types contained glutamic acid, alanine and diaminopimelic acid as the principle amino acids in the mole ratios of 1:1.5:1. 3. 3. Penicillin did not change the relative amounts of the different cell wall constituents but it did reduce the weight of all constituents per unit weight of mucopeptide.
Comparisons of seismic heterogeneity models and convective flow calculations

By comparing models of the Earth's mantle obtained from seismic tomography with the predictions of convective flow calculations we may interpret the seismic results in terms of mantle flow scenarios. The results of such comparisons are consistent with a picture of convective flow in the Earth's mantle in which whole mantle style flow is dominant at present but in which phase transition induced localized layering also exists. In addition, direct examination of the tomographic images show regions where the boundary between upper and lower mantle marks a significant discontinuity in heterogeneity while in other regions heterogeneities appear to be continuous across it.
Potential distribution about a leaky cylinder

The electrical potentials due to a point-source electrode located on the axis of an infinite circular cylinder embedded in a space of different conductivity were evaluated with the aid of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's differential analyzer. An application of the results to some field-data from geophysical prospecting was illustrated. In this example the measurements of potentials in two neighboring drill-holes were used to obtain an estimate of the order of magnitude of the cross-section of an ore-vein between the two holes.
Not All Hemangiomas Look Like Strawberries: Uncommon Presentations of the Most Common Tumor of Infancy

The typical appearance of cutaneous hemangiomas of infancy is well known. We studied unusual manifestations of this common tumor. We reviewed over 500 hemangiomas in the registry of the Vascular Anomalies Program at Boston Children's Hospital. We found four uncommon morphologic variations: deep hemangiomas with normal overlying skin (n = 12); macular hemangiomas with a port-wine stainlike appearance (n = 6); bossed hemangiomas with telangiectasia and peripheral pallor (n = 5); and hemangiomas with persistent fast flow (n = 3). Deep and superficial (macular) varieties regressed at a normal rate. Telangiectatic (bossed) hemangiomas, however, involuted rapidly, usually before 1 year of age. Hemangiomas with persistent fast flow required either resection or sclerotherapy for complications in early childhood.
Seismic risk assessment of reinforced concrete bridges in flood-prone regions

This article presents a conditional seismic risk evaluation framework of bridges located in seismically active flood-prone regions. Flood-induced bridge scour causes loss of lateral support at bridge foundations and thus the effect of seismic hazard on bridge performance gets amplified. Two example reinforced concrete bridges located in Sacramento County in California are considered. The regional multihazard scenario is characterised by combining scour resulted from regional flood events of different intensities with a suite of earthquake ground motions that represents regional seismicity. Uncertainties in the hazard models are discussed and their influences on bridge performance are investigated. A separate set of analysis is performed to evaluate the bridge performance only under earthquake ground motions. Seismic fragility curves and risk curves for the example bridges are generated. Result shows higher seismic risk of bridges when the impact of regional flood hazard on bridges is considered in the ana...
DETECTION OF PROPANE-CATION RADICAL WITH AN ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURE BY ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE

Abstract The propane-cation radical of C s symmetry with one of the C—C bonds elongated, was detected by ESR in a frozen C 3 F 8 matrix at 4 K; this asymmetric structure has been predicted theoretically to be the most stable form. The singly occupied molecular orbital is 10a′ which spreads over the entire molecular plane, analogously to the 4b 1 orbital of the propane cation with C 2v symmetry in SF 6 . In the C s cation, however, the unpaired electron density in the elongated C—C σ-bond is much higher than that in the other part of the molecule. Above 77 K, interconversion between the two equivalent deformed structures makes the hfc's of the two inplane protons equal to each other. The averaged value is approximated one half that of the c 2v cation. The role of matrix molecules in the electronic structure and the dynamics of the propane-cation is discussed.
Spin-ordering transformation in low-pressure solid 3He.

Currently available equilibrium thermodynamic data will be used to obtain approximate phase-boundary pressure values ${\mathit{p}}_{0}$(T) in the pressure-temperature plane of solid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ in its low-pressure and low-temperature phases. In contrast with the earlier determined spin-ordering molar-entropy change of about R/3, at the triple point at melting, the changes in pressure, temperature, and molar volume are quite small. In a constant-volume transformation, near the triple point, the pressure change or width across the mixed-phase region is about 10 millibars. The temperature width is in the microkelvin range. In constant-temperature and constant-pressure phase changes the estimated volume width is about ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/mol. Temperature derivatives of pressure and molar volume in the mixed-phase regions are quite large. As a consequence, the excess constant-volume heat capacities in the mixed phase may reach very large values. The required experimental resolving powers for accurate measurements of very small transformation temperatures and molar volumes as well as of very large mixed-phase heat capacities appear to be barely accessible at the present time.
Proteasome-dependent regulation of Syk tyrosine kinase levels in human basophils

Abstract Background : In human basophils, FcϵRI signal initiation, leading to histamine release, relies on activation of Syk protein tyrosine kinase. Basophils from approximately 10% of unselected donors do not degranulate in response to FcϵRI cross-linking. Their unresponsiveness has been linked to the absence of Syk protein despite apparently normal levels of Syk mRNA. Objective : The aim of this study was to explore pathways of Syk protein degradation as a possible posttranslational mechanism for downregulating Syk protein levels in human basophils and other leukocytes. Methods : Highly purified basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of a panel of cell-permeable inhibitors of proteolytic degradation pathway(s). Subsequently, the protein level of Syk tyrosine kinase was determined by means of Western blotting. In vitro assays were conducted through use of immunoprecipitated basophil Syk and a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Results : Three inhibitors of proteasome-mediated degradation—PSI, lactacystin, and ALLN—substantially increased Syk levels in releaser basophils and restored Syk expression in nonreleaser basophils. Caspase inhibitors were less effective, and inhibitors of calpain-mediated proteolysis had no effect. Among other leukocytes tested, only naive CD4 + T cells had more Syk after proteasome inhibitor treatment. In vitro ubiquitination assays demonstrated that Syk is readily ubiquitinated in vitro and also that Syk ubiquitination is associated with a substantial decrease in total levels of Syk protein. Conclusion : These data provide evidence for a ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent mechanism that contributes to Syk regulation in human basophils and might also be relevant to naive T cells. Understanding this regulatory pathway might lead to strategies for suppressing allergic inflammation while preserving essential Syk-mediated functions in other hematopoietic cells. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;110:366-73.)
Visceral injuries in nonaccidental trauma: spectrum of injury and outcomes

Abstract Background Nonaccidental trauma (NAT) causes significant morbidity and mortality in children. The purpose of this study was to characterize visceral injuries associated with NAT and the management and outcomes of children with these injuries. Methods During a 7-year period, children admitted to our regional pediatric trauma center with a diagnosis of NAT were identified and their injuries characterized. Results NAT accounted for 7% (n = 265 of 3705) of all trauma admissions during the period of study. Visceral injuries were diagnosed in 9% (n = 24 of 265) of NAT patients. Compared with the remaining NAT population, children with visceral injuries were similar in age and sex but had higher injury severity scores (21 vs. 17, P P Conclusions Visceral injuries are not uncommon in NAT, and these injuries often require emergent operative intervention. Thus, prompt evaluation and treatment by a surgeon remains a critical step in the management of children with NAT.
Parent behaviors in free‐play and problem‐solving interactions in relation to problem behaviors in preschool boys

A stratified sample of 34 three‐year‐old to five‐year‐old boys and their parents (30 mothers) was observed in their homes during free‐play and problem‐solving interactions. Observer‐ratings of behaviors of parents in each interaction were examined in relation to teachers’ ratings of the boys’ problem behaviors in a childcare setting. Parent behaviors in the play, but not problem‐solving, interaction were significantly related to boys’ problem behaviors. Positive behaviors of the parent in play, such as sensitivity and responsiveness to the child, accounted for nine percent of the variance in boys’ externalizing scores above and beyond the 28% accounted for by the negative parent behaviors of intrusiveness and permissiveness. The addition of positive parent behaviors to the regression model also canceled the statistical significance of the negative behaviors. Negative behaviors appeared to be most influential in that they decreased the likelihood that positive behaviors would be demonstrated within the pla...
The effect of vomitoxin (Deoxnivalenol) on testicular morphology, testicular spermatid counts and epididymal sperm counts in IL-6KO [B6129-IL6 [TmlKopf] (IL-6 gene deficient)] and WT [B6129F2 (wild type to B6129-IL6 with an intact IL-6 gene)] mice.

Abstract The potential of vomitoxin (VT) to affect testicular morphology and testicular and epididymal sperm counts was assessed in three strains of mice: IL-6KO [B6129-IL6 〈tmlKopf〉 (IL-6 gene deficient)], WT [B6129F2 (wild type to B6129-IL6 with an intact IL-6 gene)] and B6C3F 1 mice in a 90-day feeding study. The treated mice received VT at a concentration of 10 ppm in their diet. The body weight of VT-treated animals was significantly reduced compared with control animals. Slight changes, not statistically significant, were observed in relative testis weight and testicular spermatid counts. Histological changes were not apparent in the testes of VT-treated animals. The diameter of the seminiferous tubules, the height of the seminiferous epithelium and the number of Sertoli cell nucleoli per cross-sectioned seminiferous tubule in the VT-treated groups were not significantly different from their respective untreated controls. The IL-6KO and B6C3F 1 VT-treated mice had significantly reduced cauda epididymal weights compared with their respective controls. These changes were not attributed to decreased sperm counts and this finding suggests that VT may exert an adverse affect on the epididymis.
The autonomy loss index: measuring autonomy lost by hospital administrators through participation in joint programs with other organizations.

Abstract Joint Programs and shared services are increasingly being promoted as an optimal means of rationalizing the health care system. A neglected consequence of joint programs is the administrative tradeoff of autonomy for resources. Administrators identified autonomy as important in five areas of joint programs. Each of these areas was then represented in statements concerning actual conditions of program participation. Administrators judged the degree of autonomy they would have under each condition, yielding a weight for each. When summed, the individual weights attached to all of the conditions found in a specific joint activity would form an index of autonomy lost.
HgX (B) radiative lifetime by fast photolysis of HgX2 (X=Br,I)

The radiative lifetimes of the HgBr(B) and HgI(B) states have been determined to be 23.7±1.5 and 27.3±2.0 ns, respectively, by fast photolysis of HgBr2 and HgI2 using e‐beam‐excited ArF and KrCl fluorescence. This experimental approach generated simple exponential decay curves which facilitated measurement of the lifetimes and the rate of quenching of the excited HgX (B) states by HgX2 (X=Br or I) molecules. Although the lifetimes reported here are in agreement with previous experimental measurements, they contradict a recently published theoretical calculation.
Influenza a in young children with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection.

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of influenza A in young children suspected of having respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and to compare the clinical presentation of these patients with those who have proven RSV infection. METHODS Children younger than or at 36 months of age who presented to a pediatric emergency department (ED) with suspected RSV infection during the influenza A season of 2001-2002 were eligible. Eligible children had an RSV antigen test ordered as part of their initial clinical management. A consecutive sample of children was enrolled for prospective observational analysis. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of influenza A in young children with suspected RSV infection. The secondary outcome measure was a comparison of the clinical presentations, of the two groups. RESULTS During the study period, 420 patients presented for evaluation of respiratory illness. RSV tests were ordered on 251 patients. Of 197 eligible patients, 124 (63%) tested positive for RSV and 33 (17%) for influenza A. Influenza A patients were more likely to have temperatures at or above 39 degrees C than RSV patients (36% vs. 15%; p = 0.01). RSV patients were more tachypneic (54 vs. 43 breaths/minute; p < 0.0001) and more often had wheezing (90% vs. 8%; p < 0.0001). Twenty influenza patients (61%) were hospitalized. CONCLUSIONS This study found a high prevalence of influenza A in young children suspected of having RSV infection. Clinicians should consider influenza A in young febrile children presenting with respiratory illnesses.
Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids by larvae of the waxmoth, Galleria mellonella

The metabolic fates of linoleic (18:2n6) and linolenic (18:3n3) acids injected into the hemocoel of fifth instar larvae of the waxmoth, Galleria mellonella, were examined by radio-high-pressure liquid chromatography and radio-gas-liquid chromatography. In addition to undergoing β-oxidation and incorporation into neutral and phospholipid fractions, a portion of both of these C18 fatty acids was elongated and desaturated to longer chain and more unsaturated polyenoics. Radioactivity from linoleic acid was recovered in components that coeluted with 18:3, 18:4, 20:3, and 20:4. Radioactivity from linolenic acid was recovered in an unidentified component and in components that coeluted with 18:4, 20:3, and 20:5. Labeled arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids injected into waxmoth larvae were converted to prostaglandins, suggesting that one aspect of the biological significance of the elongation/desaturation reactions is to generate precursors for prostaglandin biosynthesis.
A New Index for Measuring Demographic Aging

Although such conventional indices as the proportion of the aged and the median age have their own cognitive values for measuring the aging of populations the shape of the age structure rather than the magnitude of certain age categories would be a better basis for measuring the degree of aging. The proposed new index is the slope of the linear least squares line as it is applied to the population pyramid. Application of the new index to the United States population since 1900 shows that the conventional indices exhibit either an exaggerated degree of aging or a different aging trend. (EXCERPT)
Images in endocrine pathology: psammomatoid calcifications in oncocytic neoplasms of the thyroid, a potential pitfall for papillary carcinoma.

Pathological diagnosis was follicular adenoma with oncocytic (Hurthle cell) features (1.8 cm) and psammomatous calcifications. The left thyroid lobe contained a 1.8×1.4×1-cm, wellcircumscribed, solid, tan thyroid nodule. Histologically, the nodule was well demarcated from the adjacent normal thyroid parenchyma by a thin fibrous capsule (Fig. 1), without evidence of capsular or vascular invasion. The tumor consisted of a solid to microfollicular proliferation of Hurthle cells with characteristic abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. Numerous microcalcifications were present, often within the lumens of the microfollicles (Fig. 1). Many of these microcalcifications were laminated, resembling psammoma bodies (Fig. 2). In other areas, microscopic droplets of dense and partially calcified colloid could be seen within follicle lumens (Fig. 3). The nuclei of the tumor cells were enlarged, round, and regular with coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli, without longitudinal nuclear grooves or intranuclear pseudoinclusions. Immunostaining for HBME-1 and galectin-3 was negative.
THE ECONOMICS OF JOB SEARCH: A SURVEY*

Part I of this survey presents a comprehensive and inte- grated analysis of job search. The labor market is characterized by incomplete information and search is conducted in an optimal manner. A variety of job search models are studied in this microeconomic setting. The paper contains a number of new results. Part 11 of the survey [to appear in the September 1976 issue of Economic Inquiry] addresses the empirical and policy implications of search theory.
Understanding the DayCent model

The ability of biogeochemical ecosystem models to represent agro-ecosystems depends on their correct integration with field observations. We report simultaneous calibration of 67 DayCent model parameters using multiple observation types through inverse modeling using the PEST parameter estimation software. Parameter estimation reduced the total sum of weighted squared residuals by 56% and improved model fit to crop productivity, soil carbon, volumetric soil water content, soil temperature, N2O, and soil NO 3 - compared to the default simulation. Inverse modeling substantially reduced predictive model error relative to the default model for all model predictions, except for soil NO 3 - and NH 4 + . Post-processing analyses provided insights into parameter-observation relationships based on parameter correlations, sensitivity and identifiability. Inverse modeling tools are shown to be a powerful way to systematize and accelerate the process of biogeochemical model interrogation, improving our understanding of model function and the underlying ecosystem biogeochemical processes that they represent. Several DayCent submodels were calibrated simultaneously using inverse modeling.Parameter estimation reduced DayCent total sum of weighted squared residuals by 56%.Soil temperature and water content are highly informative in DayCent calibration.Parameter estimation is an efficient way to calibrate soil biogeochemical models.Post-estimation analyses provide unique insights into model structure and function.
Biocompatibility of polymer surfaces interacting with living tissue

The method of vibrational spectroscopy has been applied as a new tool for the biodiagnostics of polymer implants and tissue surfaces. In this study the spectral analysis of polymer implants has been accomplished by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to elucidate the long-term biocompatibility and quality control of biomedical materials. Surface analysis allows the determination of the specific molecular composition and structures most appropriate for long-term compatibility in humans. Important information associated with the bioinertness or bioactivity of implants has been obtained from the spectral features of the polymer material used, including the level of polymerization. Passivated surfaces of implants have also been obtained and analyzed by means of FTIR.
Differential forms with logarithmic poles and Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson classes of singular varieties

We express the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class of a possibly singular variety in terms of the total Chern class of a bundle of differential forms with logarithmic poles. As an application, we obtain a formula for the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class of a hypersurface of a nonsingular variety, in terms of the Chern-Mather class of a suitable sheaf.
Altered regulation of a proteinase mediated primary secretion processing system as the basic defect in cystic fibrosis

Abstract Despite the high incidence of cystic fibrosis there is no clear cut direction to research into the basic defect responsible for this disorder. This is, at least in part, due to the exceptional amount of irreproducibility surrounding the disease. The defective ion reabsorption in CF sweat glands may be a prototype of a generalised failure to correctly process exocrine gland primary secretions. Such a physiological defect could account for many of the clinical symptoms of CF. It is hypothesised that one or more secreted proteinase(s) may mediate the events of secretion processing. A mutation in the structural gene for such a proteinase or a regulating anti-proteinase or some enzyme carrying out a functionally important post translational modification of the proteinase would then account for the disease.
Comparative Study of Workplace Policy and Practices Contributing to Disability Nondiscrimination

Objective: To assess the impact of disability nondiscrimination legislation on employer practices in the United States and the United Kingdom. Study Design: U.S. and U.K. human resource professionals were surveyed about their experience with implementation of the legislation. Results: Both U.S. and U.K. employers are responding to their respective legislation by making accommodations-adjustments needed by applicants and employees with disabilities. Conclusions: Rehabilitation psychologists and other health care professionals working with people with disabilities must understand employee rights and employer responsibilities under this legislation, know where employers may have difficulty in responding to an accommodation request, and be familiar with the existing workplace resources and processes that can support an effective response to such requests. People with disabilities are often underemployed or unemployed, compared with their nondisabled peers—and approximately one in six people has a disability. In the 1990s, many world economies were stronger than they had been for decades. Unfortunately, the unemployment rate of persons with disabilities did not improve concurrently (Wehman, 1998), and in many countries it continues to be disproportionate to that of the general population. In the United States, for example, 34% of men and 33% of women with disabilities were employed in 1999, compared with 95% of men and 82% of women without disabilities (Burkhauser, Daly, Houtenville, & Nargis, 2001). This low employment rate represents a loss of income and social and economic participation for people with disabilities, as well as a significant loss of willing
Portfolios of Biomedical HIV Interventions in South Africa: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

BACKGROUND Recent clinical trials of male circumcision, oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and a vaginal microbicide gel have shown partial effectiveness at reducing HIV transmission, stimulating interest in implementing portfolios of biomedical prevention programs.
Inner leadership: creating productive thought patterns

Anne, a division manager employed by A & B, a medium-sized domestic corporation, was having lunch with her boss and General Manager, Jim Penley. While they were waiting for their sandwiches to arrive, Anne said, "Jim, I just read a fascinating magazine article stating that basketball players who imagined making free-throws before a game made more foul-shots than players who did not mentally rehearse their shots."
Design and simulation of triplexer for mobile communications using trisection resonators filters

This paper presents a microstrip triplexer with multiband performances by using cascaded trisection (CT) filters. Each CT section is composed by three directly coupled resonators with a cross coupling. The cross coupling produces a single attenuation pole at the finite frequency. Furthermore, each trisection filter controls a specific channel frequency independently. To obtain good isolation response, the resonators are properly located with respect to the input and output feeding lines to suppress the channel interfering and meet the design specifications for mobile communications.
Applying accelerator mass spectrometry for low-level detection of complex engineered nanoparticles in biological media.

Abstract Complex engineered nanoparticles (CENPs), which have different core and surface components, are being developed for medicinal, pharmaceutical and industrial applications. One of the key challenges for environmental health and safety assessments of CENPs is to identify and quantity their transformations in biological environments. This study reports the effects of in vivo exposure of citrate-coated nanoalumina with different rare isotope labels on each component. This CENP was dosed to the rat and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was used to quantify 26 Al, 14 C, and their ratio in the dosing material and tissue samples. For CENPs detected in the liver, the rare isotope ratio, 14 C/ 26 Al, was 87% of the dosing material's ratio. The citrate coating on the nanoalumina in the liver was stable or, if it degraded, its metabolites were incorporated with nearby tissues. However, in brain and bone where little alumina was detected, the rare isotope ratio greatly exceeded that of the dosing material. Therefore, in the animal, citrate dissociated from CENPs and redistributed to brain and bone. Tracking both the core and surface components by AMS presents a new approach for characterizing transformations of CENPs components in biological milieu or environments.
Development of a food-grade organogel with high bioaccessibility and loading of curcuminoids

Abstract Curcumin, the major curcuminoid compound, is a well-known nutraceutical with many health-promoting properties. Its water insolubility, however, greatly affects its bioaccessibility and thereby bioavailability. The objective of this study was to develop a food-grade curcuminoids organogel with high bioaccessibility and high loading of curcumin. The bioaccessibility was evaluated using in vitro lipolysis experiments. It was shown that medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT) has high digestibility and thus generated high bioaccessibility of curcuminoids. High curcumin loading was achieved by the incorporation of Span 20 in the MCT. Furthermore, monostearin was used as a GRAS (generally recognised as safe) organogelator to form the food-grade organogel, in which the bioaccessibility of curcuminoids was not affected by the gel formation. This newly-developed organogel has the potential to be used for oral delivery of curcuminoids as well as incorporated in functional foods systems.
Investigation of Epitaxially Grown PbO, TiO2 and ZrO2 as Bridge Layers for Integration of PZT on GaN by MBE

Epitaxial growth of PbO, TiO2 and ZrO2 has been achieved on MOCVD grown GaN template using oxides MBE with a reactive H2O2 oxygen source. In situ RHEED was used to monitor the growth in-situ. AFM was used to characterize the surface morphology of the thin PbO and ZrO2, which show streaky, 2-D RHEED patterns. XRD pattern indicates that the growth orientation of these oxides are PbO [111]//GaN [0002], ZrO2[100]//GaN [0002] and TiO2[200]//GaN[0002].
Nostalgic Narratives: An Exploration of Black Nostalgia For the 1950s

This study is an exploration into the sociology of nostalgia. Interviews with African-Americans who grew up in the 1950s demonstrate the juxtaposition of painful recollections of segregation with pleasant nostalgia for family, community, and church during that decade. The data are interpreted by drawing upon the work of Fred Davis. It is suggested that nostalgia facilitates the continuity of identity. Other functions of nostalgia are suggested as well. It is significant to note that the nostalgia expressed by informants is for the collective—e.g., the strength of family relations, church membership, and neighborhood ties. This study addresses the nature and experience of nostalgia and discusses the role of nostalgia in the process of constructing and maintaining identity.
Aggressively Oxidized Ultra-Short Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Having Oxidized Sidewalls

The structural characterization of single-walled carbon nanotubes is evaluated after careful purification, disentanglement, oxidation, and base treatments. The analyses confirm a small weight percent of non-nanotube material is present, that can be effectively removed with base. The resulting nanotubes remain soluble in water due to oxidized sidewalls and are dramatically shorter after oxidation.
Photoconversion in the red fluorescent protein from the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor: is cis-trans isomerization involved?

Proteins from the family of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) are presently extensively used in molecular and cellular biology. Recent studies suggest that isomerization of the chromophore occurs upon excitation and is involved in nonradiative deactivation. Using Raman spectroscopy, we report on photoinduced cis−trans isomerization in the red fluorescent protein eqFP611 from the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor. The crystal structure of eqFP611 shows that the chemical structure of the chromophore, p-hydroxybenzylidene-imidazolinone with an extended π-conjugated system, is nearly identical to the chromophore of other red fluorescent proteins such as DsRed and HcRed. However, the chromophore of eqFP611 has a trans configuration whereas the chromophore of DsRed has a cis configuration. Upon irradiation with 532-nm light, the absorption of eqFP611 peaking at 559 nm diminished, and concomitantly a drastic decrease in the quantum yield of fluorescence as well as more complex decay kinetics was observed. Upon...
Control rights, competitive markets, and the labor management debate

Abstract Labor-managed firms are often asserted to display perverse short-run behavior and defective investment incentives. These criticisms rely upon assumed departures from the neoclassical framework of complete and competitive markets, including restricted trading in worker memberships. This paper treats management by capital and by labor as special cases within a common analytical setting, and shows that there is no basis for distinguishing between these two principles of organizational design in a competitive-market environment: capital can be collectively owned by a labor-managed firm without undermining investment incentives. Future debate should thus center on identification of pertinent market failures.
A survey of the physical optics inverse scattering identity

The physical optics approximation is applied to the acoustic and electromagnetic direct scattering integral representation, yielding an inverse scattering identity which relates the characteristic function of a scatterer to the three-dimensional spatial Fourier transform of the augmented far-field scattering amplitude. This identity requires full scattering information for all frequencies and aspect angles. An integral equation for incomplete scattering information for this identity is developed. This integral equation is for the unknown characteristic function of the scatterer in terms of the known incomplete scattering information. The kernel of this integral equation is the three-dimensional spatial Fourier transform of the known characteristic function of the scattering information aperture. A regularized analytic closed-form solution to this integral equation is obtained. Synthesized numerico-experimental results verifying this solution are presented. The details of some special cases, consisting of a priori knowledge about the scatterer or the scattering information aperture, are presented.
On integrated production-replenishment policies in single-stage manufacturing

Abstract This paper simultaneously considers production policies under general time-dependent demand for the end item and replenishment policies for the input materials in single-stage manufacturing. The production policies considered are (i) the equal production batch size and (ii) the equal production cycle. The replenishment procedures are (i) the integer multiple lot and (ii) the integer split lot. We develop a general solution algorithm for simultaneously finding the optimal number of production runs for the end product and the optimal replenishment schedule for the input materials. We discuss the effects of the demand pattern on the production policies and the effects of the production policy on the replenishment procedures for the input materials. Scope and purposes In contrast to previous articles dealing with nonconstant independent demand for the end item, this paper integrates the dependencies between the end product and its input materials. In this environment, it is practical to adjust the optimum replenishment policy for the input materials to the production policy of the end product. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to develop a general solution procedure for simultaneously finding the optimal production schedule for the end product and the corresponding replenishment schedule for the input materials. The solution procedure can be easily used for various product demand patterns. The results and the solution procedure developed in this paper are generalizations of several others in the literature.
Reading Specialists: A Valuable Resource for Serving Special Education Students.

Students in special education programs often have serious reading problems, requiring the diagnostic and instructional expertise of reading specialists. Having reading specialists work cooperatively with members of multidisciplinary teams can benefit students, teachers, team members, and parents. In many instances, particular skills of reading specialists can be employed to assess student eligibility for special education and to develop individualized instructional programs. This article illustrates how the inclusion of reading specialists can enhance both diagnosis and instruction and provides guidelines for involving reading specialists.
New Advances in Fertility Preservation for Pediatric Cancer Patients

Purpose of Review The number of pediatric cancer survivors is growing rapidly as treatments become more effective. However, many current regimens cause gonadotoxicity and permanent infertility, significantly impacting quality of life. The purpose of this review is to update pediatric oncologists on risk factors for cancer treatment-associated gonadotoxicity, current methods for fertility preservation and new scientific advances in this area.
Culture, Charisma, and Consciousness: The Case of the Rajneeshee

This article outlines the basics of a theory of charisma drawn from a synthesis of the classic texts of Weber, Marx, and Freud. This abstract theoretical perspective is then applied to an analysis of the charismatic religious cult led by Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. Emphasis is placed on the methods used to inculcate loyalty infollowers and on the personal history and psychic capacities of the leader.
Identification and characterization of an angiogenin-binding DNA sequence that stimulates luciferase reporter gene expression.

Angiogenin undergoes nuclear translocation in endothelial and smooth muscle cells where it accumulates in the nucleolus and binds to DNA. Nuclear translocation of angiogenin is necessary for its biological activity and is mediated by an endocytotic pathway that is independent of the microtubule system and lysosomal processing. Because the nucleolus is a subnuclear organelle containing clusters of transcriptionally active ribosomal RNA genes, we studied the binding of angiogenin to the intergenic spacer of the ribosomal RNA gene where many of the transcription regulatory elements are located. Here we report that angiogenin binds to CT repeats that are abundant in the nontranscribed region of the ribosomal RNA gene. An angiogenin-binding DNA sequence (CTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCCCTC) has been identified and designated angiogenin-binding element (ABE). ABE binds angiogenin specifically and exhibits angiogenin-dependent promoter activity in a luciferase reporter system. CT repeats, or inverted GA box, which are abundan...
β‐Haloacetals and Ketals: 2‐(2‐Bromoethyl)‐1,3‐dioxane and 2,5,5‐Trimethyl‐2‐(2‐bromoethyl)‐1,3‐dioxane

β-Haloacetals and ketals: 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-dioxane and 2,5,5-trimethyl-2-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-dioxane product: 2-(2-Bromoethyl)-1,3-dioxane product: 2,5,5-Trimethyl-2-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-dioxane unknown: 1,9-diphenylnona-1,3,6,8-tetraen-5-one intermediate: 3-bromopropanal intermediate: 4-bromo-2-butanone Keywords: acetal (and thioacetal) formation; acetal (and thioacetal) formation; addition, to CCCO and CCCN; addition, to CCCO and CCCN; addition, to CCCO and CCCN; methyl vinyl ketone
Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of pyridine in a flow system

The kinetics of the pyrolysis of pyridine was studied in the temperature range of 875–1050°C, at 1 atm total pressure, in a Vycor stirred-flow reactor. Initial concentrations ranged from 0.25 to 2 mol % in helium and reaction times from 0.25 to 4 sec. It was found at the lower temperatures that the reaction was mixed first and second order. At the higher temperatures an autocatalytic term, zero order in the substrate and first order in the concentration of pyridine decomposed, was necessary in addition to the other two terms to describe the kinetic data. Most of the product was in the form of a primarily aromatic, nonvolatile tar; the major volatile products were HCN and C2H2. An increase in the surface-to-volume ratio of the reactor decreased the rate, indicating a radical chain or sequential reaction with radical consumption on the surface. Experiments with additives showed that C2H2 increased the rate. Using the kinetic and product data, some mechanistic considerations are discussed, and a mechanism is proposed to account for the first-order term.
ImprovingWeb-based Image Search via Content Based Clustering

Current image search engines on the web rely purely on the keywords around the images and the filenames, which produces a lot of garbage in the search results. Alternatively, there exist methods for content based image retrieval that require a user to submit a query image, and return images that are similar in content. We propose a novel approach named ReSPEC (Re-ranking Sets of Pictures by Exploiting Consistency), that is a hybrid of the two methods. Our algorithm first retrieves the results of a keyword query from an existing image search engine, clusters the results based on extracted image features, and returns the cluster that is inferred to be the most relevant to the search query. Furthermore, it ranks the remaining results in order of relevance.
A ROLE FOR ANIONIC SITES IN EPITHELIAL ARCHITECTURE Effects of Cationic Polymers on Cell Membrane Structure

The effects of several cationic polymers (poly-L-lysines, protamine, and histone) on rabbit gall bladder epithelial cells were studied to explore possible roles for negative sites in the membrane. The tissue was bathed for 30 min at 37°C in Ringer's solutions containing from 0.1 to 100.0 µg/ml of cationic polymers, and subsequently was fixed with 1% OsO4 and examined with the electron microscope. All cationic polymers, at appropriate concentrations, produced similar changes in membrane structure. Adjacent membranes frequently were fused. Membrane structures such as microvilli lost rigidity. Cell membranes showed an apparent increase in permeability as judged by osmotically traumatized cells. These results indicate that fixed anionic sites play significant roles in stabilizing epithelial membrane structures.
Multiple marrow aspiration in man from the posterior ilium.

A procedure for aspirating large volumes of bone marrow with minimal admixture of blood is described.
Divergence of linear acceleration-based redundancy resolution schemes

The minimum torque norm control scheme for redundant manipulators has long been known to exhibit instabilities. In this paper, an analysis is made of a class of acceleration-level redundancy resolution schemes that includes the minimum torque, minimum acceleration, and other well known schemes. It is proved that divergence of joint velocity norm to infinity in finite time is possible, and in fact does occur for self motions of mechanisms with one degree of redundancy under almost all such schemes in the class. The schemes that do not diverge in finite time are associated with conserved quantities and include minimum acceleration norm and dynamically consistent redundancy resolution schemes. Besides the divergence, all these schemes can exhibit local instabilities in the form of abrupt increases in joint velocities and torques. Simulations are presented that illustrate the types of divergence and instability. The details of the analysis should be useful to designers seeking to modify these resolution schemes. For example, it is proved that linear dissipation or nullspace velocity cannot stabilize the algorithms.