cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Squamous Dysplasia of the Rectum in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis Treated with 6-Mercaptopurine

Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been found to be a precursor and risk factor for both cervical and anal dysplasia. Cervical dysplasia, which is the precursor to carcinoma, is associated with immunosuppression from a variety of causes; reports of anal dysplasia associated with immune suppression exist as well. A recent study published in abstract form only demonstrated that women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) had high rates of cervical dysplasia and that those on immune suppressants had even higher rates of dysplasia. We report a case of a 50-year-old woman with refractory ulcerative colitis chronically treated with 6-mercaptopurine that developed severe squamous dysplasia of the rectum. The dysplastic mucosa was found to be positive for p16 (associated with high-risk HPV) after immunostaining. A total colectomy was performed. This case highlights the importance of immune suppression in the development of dysplasia of the anus/cervix secondary to HPV infection.
Quantification of dopamine D3 receptor mRNA level associated with the development of amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in the rat brain.

We hypothesized that changes in expression of dopamine (DA) D3 receptor gene in the rat brain would correlate with the behavioral sensitization induced by amphetamine (AMPH). In order to test this hypothesis, we measured D3 receptor mRNA levels in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex, in individual rats following AMPH treatment (2.5 mg/kg s.c., for 5 consecutive days) using a ribonuclease protection assay method. We observed similar levels of D3 receptor mRNA in saline and AMPH treated animals in each brain region examined. These results suggest behavioral sensitization to AMPH is not mediated through postsynaptic transcriptional regulation of D3 receptor.
Comparison of the MURA and an improved single-receptor (SIRA) trajectory source apportionment (TSA) method using artificial sources

Abstract Two trajectory source apportionment methods were tested using an artificially generated data set to determine their ability to detect the known sources. The forward-looking step from the multi-receptor trajectory analysis (MURA) method was added to the conditional probability (CP)method of Ashbaugh et al. [1985. A residence time probability analysis of sulfur concentrations at Grand Canyon National Park. Atmospheric Environment 19(8), 1263–1270] to develop the single-receptor forward CP (SIRA) method. The multi-receptor (MURA) and the SIRA methods were tested with three simulations using artificially generated sources. The ability of the methods to detect the sources was quantified for each simulation. The first simulation showed that the SIRA method is an improvement over the original CP method. The MURA trajectory method proved to be superior at identifying sources for the simulation located in the west and comparable to the SIRA method for the two simulations located in the east.
Instrument Corrections by Time‐Domain Deconvolution

Online Material: Script and input files illustrating the TDD package. Many types of seismic analysis require ground‐motion data in physical units of displacement, velocity, or acceleration. Because seismometers do not respond uniformly to all frequencies, scientists must deconvolve the instrument response from recorded data. However, popular deconvolution methods violate causality and introduce acausal artifacts to deconvolved traces, which are unacceptable in some applications. In this paper, we discuss a new method using recursive filters that we consider superior for many purposes. One simple and common method of instrument response deconvolution is spectral division by the analog instrument response ![Graphic][1] (1)in which S is the instrument’s sensitivity, K is the normalization constant, and P and Z are the poles and zeros. This method should be avoided because it fails to consider effects of digitization on the instrument response. Failing to consider these effects results in inaccurate phase and amplitude spectra, and can introduce acausal precursory oscillations to the signal. Another common method is that of the TRANSFER command in the widely used software package SAC (University of California, 2012). This command uses a zero‐phase high‐pass or band‐pass filter (through the freqlimits option) to ensure the stability of the result. This filter is acausal and, therefore, problematic as well. Acausal artifacts can cause serious analytic problems. One obvious case is picking wave‐arrival times and polarities. If causality is not preserved in deconvolution, phases may appear to arrive earlier in deconvolved data than in raw data, causing picks to be inaccurate and biased. Additionally, some applications analyze small signals that are partially overwritten by later‐arriving, higher‐amplitude (even clipped) phases; we show an example of this in the Deconvolution of Partially Clipped Data section. Acausal precursory oscillations of the stronger … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Catalytic Therapy of Cancer with Ascorbate and Extracts of Medicinal Herbs

Catalytic therapy (CT) is a cancer treatment modality based on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a combination of substrate molecules and a catalyst. The most frequently used substrate/catalyst pair is ascorbate/Co phthalocyanine (PcCo). In the present work, herb extracts containing pigments have been studied as a catalyst in place of PcCo. Extracts from herbs are expected to have efficiency comparable with that of phthalocyanines but as natural products, to exhibit fewer side effects. The present studies demonstrate that a combined use of ascorbate and herbal extracts results in ROS production and a significant decrease in the number of cancer cells after a single in vitro treatment. Treatment with ascorbate in conjunction with extracts prepared from several medicinal herbs stimulated apoptosis and disrupted the cell cycle. The number of cells accumulating in the sub-G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle was increased 2- to 7-fold, and cells in G2/M increased 1.5- to 20-fold, indicating that the treatment protocol was highly effective in suppressing DNA synthesis and potentially reflecting DNA damage in the tumor cells. In addition, 20–40% of the cells underwent apoptosis within 24 h of completing treatment. Our results suggest that herbal extracts can function as CT catalysts in the treatment of cancer.
Chemical constituents of marijuana: The complex mixture of natural cannabinoids

The cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) and products thereof (such as marijuana, hashish and hash oil) have a long history of use both as a medicinal agent and intoxicant. Over the last few years there have been an active debate regarding the medicinal aspects of cannabis. Currently cannabis products are classified as Schedule I drugs under the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Controlled Substances act, which means that the drug is only available for human use as an investigational drug. In addition to the social aspects of the use of the drug and its abuse potential, the issue of approving it as a medicine is further complicated by the complexity of the chemical make up of the plant. This manuscript discusses the chemical constituents of the plant with particular emphasis on the cannabinoids as the class of compounds responsible for the drug’s psychological properties.
Variable frame rate for low power mobile sign language communication

The MobileASL project aims to increase accessibility by enabling Deaf people to communicate over video cell phones in their native language, American Sign Language (ASL). Real-time video over cell phones can be a computationally intensive task that quickly drains the battery, rendering the cell phone useless. Properties of conversational sign language allow us to save power and bits: namely, lower frame rates are possible when one person is not signing due to turn-taking, and signing can potentially employ a lower frame rate than fingerspelling. We conduct a user study with native signers to examine the intelligibility of varying the frame rate based on activity in the video. We then describe several methods for automatically determining the activity of signing or not signing from the video stream in real-time. Our results show that varying the frame rate during turn-taking is a good way to save power without sacrificing intelligibility, and that automatic activity analysis is feasible.
Evaluating attitudes of first-year residents to shared decision making.

Objective - Shared decision making (SDM) is recognized as an ideal model of patient-physician interaction, yet clinical application occurs infrequently. The current study evaluated attitudes of first-year residents to identify potential barriers and opportunities regarding SDM. Methods - A total of 70 residents attending orientation at the University of Utah completed a questionnaire that elicited their understanding of SDM, perceptions about the importance of SDM, confidence in utilizing SDM, and reasons for lacking confidence. Results - Most residents reported no prior SDM education (N=42, 60%) or training (N=46, 66%), yet 67 (96%) of them could recognize it in a clinical vignette. Using a Likert scale, the majority of residents (91% to 99%) attributed importance to SDM principles, and most (79% to 90%) indicated confidence in applying them. Lack of training was reported as a barrier by 40 (57%) residents. Conclusions - A minority of residents reported formal education or training in SDM, yet the vast majority recognized and valued the model. A large percentage of residents expressed confidence in their abilities to incorporate SDM into patient care, but many also identified a need for more education and training. Keyword: Decision Making, Interviews/methods, Patient Participation/methods, Physician-Patient Relations, Patient Participation/psychology, Physician’s Role/psychology, Communication, Physi­cians, Education, Training, Internship and Residency, Internship, Medical Residency
Neurochemical Study of Dopamine Functioning in Autistic and Normal Subjects

Abstract Plasma prolactin (PRL) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels, and urinary HVA and dopamine (DA) excretion, were measured in groups of unmedicated autistics, medicated autistics, and normal controls. No significant differences were found between unmedicated autistics and normal controls in plasma PRL and HVA levels. Excretion rates of urinary HVA and DA were also similar in the unmedicated autistic and normal subjects. Plasma PRL and HVA, as well as urinary HVA excretion, were significantly increased in the autistics on neuroleptic medication compared to the unmedicated autistics. A significant correlation ( r =0.46, p = r =0.42) between neuroleptic dose and plasma HVA levels approached significance ( p =0.06). In contrast, no differences were observed in urinary DA excretion between medicated and unmedicated autistics. In general, the findings indicate that peripheral indices of dopamine functioning are normal in autistic subjects.
Status of some populations of Mexican salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)

Populations of Mexican plethodontid salamanders have been surveyed non-systematically over the last 25 years. In light of many reports of disappearance of amphibians around the world, we checked for persistence of reported species at ten of these sites. All of the commoner species persist (we observed individuals representing a total of 30 species). While observed densities of many species of Mexican plethodontids are lower to much lower than was the case 20 to 25 years ago, evidence for recent extinctions, such as has been reported for amphibian taxa elsewhere, is equivocal or lacking. Habitat modification has contributed to difficulties in finding certain species.
Modeling Axially Symmetric and Nonsymmetric Flow to a Well with MODFLOW, and Application to Goddard2 Well Test, Boise, Idaho

Tools for analyzing aquifer test data at the pumping or injection well are limited for aquifer conditions that are not axially symmetric about the pumping well. Accurate simulations of head change at a pumping well can be generated with MODFLOW using a discretization scheme that (1) captures steep gradients adjacent to the cell(s) containing the pumping or injection well and (2) approximates radial flow despite rectangular prism well cell(s). This scheme is based on a very small incremental cell width adjacent to the pumping or injection well cell, and then a logarithmic increase in cell width outward with the expansion factor, alpha, in the range of 1.2 to 1.5. The validity of this scheme has been demonstrated by comparing model results with analytical solutions and RADMOD (axisymmetric adaptation of MODFLOW) for three radially symmetric confined aquifer scenarios, and with the analytical solution for a nonaxisymmetric confined aquifer scenario. Utility of this scheme is demonstrated with simulation of time-drawdown behavior at the Goddard2 pumping well in Boise, Idaho where four observation wells did not respond during a pumping test and where 28.8 m of drawdown occurred in the pumping well during the first 2 min of the test. The hydrogeologic setting for the test is interpreted to be a partially penetrating well pumping from a sand-stringer aquifer that receives leakage from surrounding finer grained sediments, and includes a fault (no-flow boundary) truncating the aquifer.
Space-time coding for MIMO systems with co-channel interference

We consider the design of space-time codes for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems operated in the presence of co-channel interference (CCI). Based on the pairwise probability of error analysis, we develop a new design criterion that determines the code robustness to CCI (CCI diversity gain). We further develop an algebraic framework for constructing space-time codes that jointly optimize the fading and CCI diversity gains. The proposed framework is general for arbitrary numbers of transmit antennas and quadrature amplitude modulation constellations. Numerical results that quantify the performance gains offered by the proposed techniques are also presented.
A Combined Thermodynamic and Kinetic Approach to the Metallization of GaAs

A combined thermodynamic/kinetic methodology was presented to give a rational approach to the metallization of n-GaAs when a reciprocal system of GaAs-MδGa-MδM’-MA’s exists. Fortunately, for many quaternary systems consisting of Ga-M-M’-As, such a reciprocal system does exist. This methodology may be used either for Schottky enhancement or ohmic contacts to n-GaAs. Two examples were used to illustrate the approach and preliminary results were given.
DONNAN EQUILIBRIUM AND THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEINS : II. OSMOTIC PRESSURE.

1. It had been shown in previous publications that the osmotic pressure of a 1 per cent solution of a protein-acid salt varies in a characteristic way with the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution, the osmotic pressure having a minimum at the isoelectric point, rising steeply with a decrease in pH until a maximum is reached at pH of 3.4 or 3.5 (in the case of gelatin and crystalline egg albumin), this maximum being followed by a steep drop in the osmotic pressure with a further decrease in the pH of the gelatin or albumin solution. In this paper it is shown that (aside from two minor discrepancies) we can calculate this effect of the pH on the osmotic pressure of a protein-acid salt by assuming that the pH effect is due to that unequal distribution of crystalloidal ions (in particular free acid) on both sides of the membrane which Donnan's theory of membrane equilibrium demands. 2. It had been shown in preceding papers that only the valency but not the nature of the ion (aside from its valency) with which a protein is in combination has any effect upon the osmotic pressure of the solution of the protein; and that the osmotic pressure of a gelatin-acid salt with a monovalent anion (e.g. Cl, NO(3), acetate, H(2)PO(4), HC(2)O(4), etc.) is about twice or perhaps a trifle more than twice as high as the osmotic pressure of gelatin sulfate where the anion is bivalent; assuming that the pH and gelatin concentrations of all the solutions are the same. It is shown in this paper that we can calculate with a fair degree of accuracy this valency effect on the assumption that it is due to the influence of the valency of the anion of a gelatin-acid salt on that relative distribution of the free acid on both sides of the membrane which Donnan's theory of membrane equilibrium demands. 3. The curves of the observed values of the osmotic pressure show two constant minor deviations from the curves of the calculated osmotic pressure. One of these deviations consists in the fact that the values of the ascending branch of the calculated curves are lower than the corresponding values in the curves for the observed osmotic pressure, and the other deviation consists in the fact that the drop in the curves of calculated values occurs at a lower pH than the drop in the curves of the observed values.
EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THE GENUS RHOGEESSA (CHIROPTERA: VESPERTILIONIDAE) AS REVEALED BY MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SEQUENCES

Evolutionary relationships among bats of the genus Rhogeessa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) are poorly understood because of the morphological similarity of many of the species and the limited resolution of karyotypes and allozymes in previous studies. Previous karyotypic studies reported several populations that differ by Robertsonian centric fusions, which led to a proposed mechanism of speciation called speciation by monobrachial centric fusions. Here, we present a molecular phylogenetic analysis of 8 of the 10 currently recognized species of Rhogeessa using the mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome b as well as new karyotypic data. The results are generally consistent with speciation by monobrachial centric fusions because karyotypically distinct populations typically comprise monophyletic maternal lineages. One exception was 2 individuals that were possible hybrids between R. tumida (2n ¼ 34) and R. aeneus (2n ¼ 32). We found ostensible species-level differentiation among 3 karyotypically identical (2n ¼ 34) but geographically separated populations of R. tumida. Examination of new karyotypic data shows a population from western Ecuador to have 2n ¼ 42 and study of molecular data shows it to be phylogenetically distinct from both the karyotypically identical R. genowaysi from Mexico and the South American R. io (2n ¼ 30) to which it was previously allocated. We recognize this population by its available name, R. velilla. We also found an unexpectedly close relationship between Baeodon alleni and R. gracilis.
Unanticipated Consequences: The Impact of a Smoke-Free Law on Assaults Around Bars

Among scholars, there is a discussion regarding whether types of places, or facilities, function as crime generators or whether the association between some categories of facilities and higher rates of offending is the result of a small proportion of all facilities within a given category, or problem places. This study seeks to further inform this debate by exploring whether policy changes that alter the social functioning of a category of facilities, specifically bars and taverns, modifies the spatial association with crime. Using routine activities theory as a framework, this study builds on previous research by exploring the association between alcohol-serving establishments and violent crimes, specifically assaults, following the implementation of a smoke-free law. Using data from a pair of adjoining communities in Iowa, findings indicate the frequency of reported assaults on blocks with bars as well as on adjoining blocks declined following the implementation of a law prohibiting smoking tobacco products within bars and taverns. Implications for policies and future research are discussed. Language: en
The Role of Altruistic Values in Motivating Underrepresented Minority Students for Biomedicine

Understanding how cultural values influence undergraduate students' science research experiences and career interest is important in efforts to broaden participation and to diversify the biomedical research workforce. The results from our prospective longitudinal study demonstrated that underrepresented minority student (URM) research assistants who see the altruistic value of conducting biomedical research feel more psychologically involved with their research over time, which, in turn, enhances their interest in pursuing a scientific research career. These altruistic motives are uniquely influential to URM students and appear to play an important role in influencing their interest in scientific research careers. Furthermore, seeing how research can potentially affect society and help one's community does not replace typical motives for scientific discovery (e.g., passion, curiosity, achievement), which are important for all students. These findings point to simple strategies for educators, training directors, and faculty mentors to improve retention among undergraduate URM students in biomedicine and the related sciences.
Noncooperative load balancing in distributed systems

In this paper, we present a game theoretic framework for obtaining a user-optimal load balancing scheme in heterogeneous distributed systems. We formulate the static load balancing problem in heterogeneous distributed systems as a noncooperative game among users. For the proposed noncooperative load balancing game, we present the structure of the Nash equilibrium. Based on this structure we derive a new distributed load balancing algorithm. Finally, the performance of our noncooperative load balancing scheme is compared with that of other existing schemes. The main advantages of our load balancing scheme are the distributed structure, low complexity and optimality of allocation for each user.
After We Die

Norman Cantor, distinguished professor emeritus at Rutgers Law School, Newark, easily could have titled his latest book Noble Goals for Cadavers: Opportunities and Challenges in Shaping Legacies, e...
Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Periprosthetic Fractures of the Acetabulum during and following Total Hip Arthroplasty*†

The occurrence of fractures around the femoral component of a total hip prosthesis has been well described, and the treatment options have been studied extensively. However, few reports concerning the occurrence and treatment of periprosthetic fractures of the acetabulum during and following total hip arthroplasty are available10,12,14,18. In this paper, I will review the literature concerning periprosthetic fractures of the acetabulum and outline measures to prevent and treat the problem. In 1972, Miller described ischiopubic fractures following the insertion of a Ring component without cement in five hips and following the insertion of a McKee component with cement in four. The fractures failed to unite with non-operative treatment, and resection arthroplasty was performed in all of the hips. McElfresh and Coventry documented only one periprosthetic acetabular fracture among 5400 total hip arthroplasties performed with cement at the Mayo Clinic. Silvello et al. reported the successful treatment of a periprosthetic acetabular fracture (associated with loosening of the component) with revision of the component and bone-grafting. More recently, in a study of periprosthetic acetabular fractures following total hip arthroplasty, Peterson and Lewallen reported that long-term survival of the components was poor (eight of ten were revised) unless additional operative intervention was performed. The occurrence and recognition of periprosthetic fractures of the acetabulum, as well as those of the femur, may be on the rise, especially during the intraoperative and early postoperative periods, because of the need for so-called press-fit stability of total hip prostheses inserted without cement1,2,19. As fixation of the acetabular component without cement has become the standard construct in total hip arthroplasties, problems associated with this approach are now being recognized. In vitro studies have demonstrated minimum bone-prosthesis micromotion when screws have been used to augment …
Simulated Effects of Idealized Laurentian Great Lakes on Regional and Large-Scale Climate*

Comparison is made between general circulation model (GCM) cases with and without the inclusion of idealized Great Lakes, in the form of four rectangular bodies of water, each occupying a single grid cell of the GCM at R30 resolution. The presence of idealized Great Lakes, as opposed to land, results in a phase shift in the annual cycle of latent and sensible heat flux. Very high upward sensible heat flux occurs over these idealized Great Lakes during the early winter. On the average over a region encompassing these idealized Great Lakes, evaporation and precipitation increase during the autumn and winter and decrease during the late spring and summer due to the lakes. Annual average water vapor flux convergence increases. The Great Lakes also alter the meridional air temperature gradient. During the autumn and winter, the meridional temperature gradient is intensified to the north of the Great Lakes and diminished to the south. This intensifies the mean jet stream core and displaces it toward the north. This effect is reduced during the winter compared to the autumn because air temperature changes due to the lakes are unable to penetrate as deeply into the strongly stably stratified winter atmosphere. The increase in jet stream speed seems to increase synoptic wave activity to the northeast of the Great Lakes. As an additional experimental case, a swamp surface (saturated surface with no thermal capacity) is used to represent the Great Lakes. In this case there is little effect on the thermal state of the surface and atmosphere and on the fluxes between them. However, there is increased evaporation during the late summer and early autumn and increased precipitation throughout the summer and autumn. Annual water vapor flux convergence in this experimental case is greater than in the case with no lakes.
Ultrasound in the Austere Environment: A Review of the History, Indications, and Specifications

ABSTRACTIn the last 10 years, the use of ultrasound has expanded because of its portability, safety, real-time image display, and rapid data collection. Simultaneously, more people are going into the backcountry for enjoyment and employment. Increased deployment for the military and demand for remote medicine services have led to innovative use and study of ultrasound in extreme and austere environments. Ultrasound is effective to rapidly assess patients during triage and evacuation decision making. It is clinically useful for assessment of pneumothorax, pericardial effusion, blunt abdominal trauma, musculoskeletal trauma, high-altitude pulmonary edema, ocular injury, and obstetrics, whereas acute mountain sickness and stroke are perhaps still best evaluated on clinical grounds. Ultrasound performs well in the diverse environments of space, swamp, jungle, mountain, and desert. Although some training is necessary to capture and interpret images, real-time evaluation with video streaming is expected to get ...
BLASTOMYCOSIS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

1. Sixty-seven recorded cases of skeletal blastomycosis are summarized. 2. The mortality rate of this condition appears to be about 89 per cent. 3. An additional fatal case, with involvement of the knees, elbow, humerus, and carpal bones, is reported.
Effects of glucocorticoids on energy metabolism and food intake in humans

The effect of glucocorticoid administration on energy metabolism and food intake was studied in 20 healthy, nondiabetic Caucasian male volunteers [27 +/- 5 (SD) yr, 72 +/- 9 kg, 20 +/- 7% body fat] randomly and blindly assigned to glucocorticoid (methylprednisolone, METH; n = 10) or placebo (PLAC; n = 10) treatment. Each subject was studied twice: during a weight maintenance diet and during ad libitum food intake. Energy metabolism was measured by indirect calorimetry and food intake by an automated food-selection system. Twenty-four-hour urinary norepinephrine excretion (24-h NE) was used as an estimate of sympathetic nervous system activity. During weight maintenance, METH intravenous infusion (125 mg/30 min) increased energy expenditure compared with PLAC, and after 4 days of oral therapy, METH (40 mg/day) decreased 24-h NE and increased energy expenditure compared with PLAC. During ad libitum food intake, after 4 days of METH (40 mg/day) or PLAC oral therapy, both groups increased their energy intake over weight maintenance, but the increase was significantly larger in the METH group compared with the PLAC group (4,554 +/- 1,857 vs. 2,867 +/- 846 kcal/day; P = 0.04). Our data suggest that therapeutic doses of glucocorticoids induce obesity mostly by increasing energy intake, an effect which may be related to the ability of glucocorticoids to act directly or indirectly on the central regulation of appetite.
Prehospital emergency services screening and referral to reduce falls in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review

Background Falls represent an increasing source of geriatric morbidity and mortality. Prehospital emergency services may be uniquely suited to screen and refer subsets of high-risk older adults to fall prevention programmes. This systematic review assesses the effectiveness of such screening and referral programmes. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and OTseeker for English-language peer-reviewed randomised trials, non-randomised trials and cohort studies evaluating prehospital fall risk screening and referral programmes for community-dwelling adults ≥60 years of age. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration9s tool. Primary outcomes included the risk and rate of falling. Secondary outcomes included successful follow-up to address fall risks and adverse events. Results From 6187 unique records, 6 studies were included. Screening varied from using semistructured risk assessments to recording chief complaints. All studies were at high risk of bias. One unblinded trial of a multifactorial fall prevention programme demonstrated a 14.3% (95% CI 6.1% to 22.5%) absolute reduction in annual fall risk and a relative fall incidence of 0.45 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.58). The probability of successful follow-up varied from 9.8% to 81.0%. No studies demonstrated any attributable adverse events. Conclusions No high-quality evidence demonstrates that prehospital services reduce falls in community-dwelling older adults. Screening by prehospital personnel using semistructured risk assessments appears feasible, but it is unclear whether this is superior to referral based on fall-related chief complaints. Trial registration number PROSPERO 2012:CRD42012002782.
12-HETER1/GPR31, a high-affinity 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid receptor, is significantly up-regulated in prostate cancer and plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression

Previously we identified and deorphaned G-protein-coupled receptor 31 (GPR31) as the high-affinity 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [12(S)-HETE] receptor (12-HETER1). Here we have determined its ...
Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacterial growth arrest and persistence

Bacterial persister cells constitute a subpopulation of genetically identical, metabolically slow-growing cells that are highly tolerant of antibiotics and other environmental stresses. Recent studies have demonstrated that gene loci known as toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules play a central role in the persister state. Under normal growth conditions, antitoxins potently inhibit the activities of the toxins. In contrast, under conditions of stress, the antitoxins are selectively degraded, freeing the toxins to inhibit essential cellular processes, such as DNA replication and protein translation. This inhibition results in rapid growth arrest. In this Review, we highlight recent discoveries of these multifaceted TA systems with a focus on the newly uncovered mechanisms, especially conditional cooperativity, that are used to regulate cell growth and persistence. We also discuss the potential for targeting TA systems for antimicrobial drug discovery.
Consciousness and Society: Societal Aspects and Implications of Transpersonal Psychology

Although transpersonal psychologies of self realization emphasize individual development, earlier shamanic traditions also showed a central societal aspect and group based consciousness. Indeed, many have understood the transpersonal movement as developing towards an abstract globalized neo-shamanism. That altered states of consciousness, whether as integrative realizations of the numinous or as dissociative “hypnoid” states, could be felt and shared collectively was a familiar concept to the first generation of sociologists, who saw all consciousness as social and dialogic in form. Durkheim, in particular, foresaw a globalized spirituality of the future, his “cult of man,” in which modern individuation would progress to the point where all we would have in common for the collective representations of spiritual awareness would be our shared sense of human beingness. This view foreshadowed De Chardin, and is presented explicitly or implicitly in Jung, Gurdjieff, Heidegger, Maslow, and Almaas. The implications of a societal, collective face of transpersonalism for a future planetary spirituality are pursued in terms of both a global ecological consciousness and the potential transpersonal significance of SETI (Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence).
Rapid Injection NMR Reveals η3 ‘π-Allyl’ CuIII Intermediates in Addition Reactions of Organocuprate Reagents

By using rapid injection NMR, it has now been possible to prepare and characterize the η3 ‘π-allyl’ copper(III) intermediate that has been proposed for addition reactions of organocopper(I) reagents and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
Spectral emittance of resistively heated oxidized ZrB2–30 mol% SiC

Normal spectral intensities of resistively heated preoxidized ZrB2–30 mol% SiC–6 mol% B4C specimens were measured in the 1–6 μm and ∼1100–1500 °C ranges. Using Wein’s displacement law, the temperatures of these specimens were determined, in turn permitting calculation of normal spectral emittances using Planck’s law. Spectral emittance data were affected by absorption/emission of H2O/CO2 gases; total emittances were determined from the averages of data in spectral ranges devoid of gaseous interference. Total emittances decreased from 1.0 at 1100 °C to 0.8 at 1500 °C. This trend is consistent with the behavior expected of a dielectric coating.
Polishing a Corrective Optic for a Cylindrical Lens Used in X-Ray Mandrel Testing

A method using a COTS cylindrical lens for acquiring interferometric surface figure data on an X-Ray mandrel is discussed. This paper demonstrates a corrector plate fabrication process to nullify the aberration brought by this lens.
A Study in Military Leadership: The Sargento Mor in the Portuguese South Atlantic Empire

The principal and only talent requisite for a governor was conscience… A good lawyer sufficed for administering justice, the camera for political affairs, and for war, the sargento mor … Padre Antonio Vieira commenting on the colonial government of Brazil to the Crown in 1654. On the Tagus River approximately eight kilometers from the center of Lisbon stands a monument to Portuguese overseas exploration and expansion— O Padrao dos descobrimentos — erected in 1960 on the 500th anniversary of Prince Henry the Navigator. Facing the Tagus is Prince Henry. Flanking him on each side and representing the reasons behind the success of Portuguese exploration and expansion are several symbolic figures. King Manuel, during whose reign many of the discoveries were made, illustrates the complete support of the Crown that many of the expeditions enjoyed. A priest carrying a cross depicts the religious motives behind expansion—the spreading of Christianity to the heathen. There are also a caulker and a carpenter both important in the production of new sailing vessels. A pilot with an astrolabe portrays the significance of the scientific aspects of overseas exploration. Luis de Camoes holds his Os Lusiadas , the epic poem that depicted the triumphs of Portuguese expansion. There are even widows in tears to remind viewers of the great loss of men that Portugal suffered during her conquests. Another important figure depicted on the monument is the conquistador with drawn sword, the symbol of the military—“the backbone of the empire.”
Valine requirement of the finishing pig.

Pigs weighing approximately 70 kg were used in two experiments to determine the valine requirement during the finishing period. In the first experiment, 10 gilts were allotted in two 5 x 5 Latin square designs to five semipurified diets that ranged in valine concentration from .35 to .55%. Urinary urea excretion was measured during each of the 3-d periods of the Latin square. Urea N excretion in relation to N intake and to creatinine N excretion was minimized (quadratic effect, P < .10) at valine concentrations of .45 to .50%. In Exp. 2, 36 barrows and 36 gilts were fed one of six diets containing .35 to .60% valine. The highest weight gains (not significant) and feed efficiencies (quadratic effect, P < .05) were achieved by the pigs that consumed .45% valine. Plasma urea concentration at the end of the experiment was lowest (quadratic effect, P < .05) in pigs that consumed .50% valine. Estimates of the valine requirement based on breakpoint and quadratic equation analyses ranged from .40 to .50% total valine (.33 to .43% ileal digestible valine). Pigs in Exp. 2 consumed approximately 2.5 kg/d (8,850 kcal/d of ME). Thus, the estimate of the valine requirement is approximately 11 g/d. These estimates of the valine requirements of finishing pigs are slightly higher than the National Research Council requirements when expressed as a percentage of the diet but are similar when expressed on a grams per day basis.
Complications of thermal injury.

An awareness of the common life-threatening complications of burn injury and their etiology will permit both employment of prophylactic measures and timely institution of physiologically sound therapy to decrease morbidity and achieve maximum survival.
Empire and Power in the Reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World. By Kaya Şahin. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. xviii, 290. $104.99.)

The Ottoman sixteenth century known as the “classical age” is traditionally viewed as the apex of the Ottoman state‐building project and hence a critical period in the empire's history. Nevertheles...
Corneal Endothelial Cell Migration and Proliferation Enhanced by Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors in In Vitro and In Vivo Models.

Purpose To explore the role of Rho-associated kinases (ROCK) in corneal physiology and regeneration, and the effects of suppressing its activity in stimulating corneal endothelial cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect RhoA and ROCK-1 and ROCK-2 in human corneal tissue. Adult porcine corneal endothelial cells (CECs) were isolated, grown to confluence, and further characterized. Under the treatment of ROCK inhibitors, changes in the cellular distribution profile of ZO-1 and F-actin were examined by immunofluorescence staining. Corneal endothelial cells migration was evaluated by scratch assay and analyzed with Axiovision software. Cell proliferation was quantified using Click-iT EdU HCS Assay. In vivo, the corneal endothelia of rabbits were surgically injured and H-1152 was topically applied for 10 days. Progress of wound healing was evaluated daily by monitoring corneal edema, inflammation, and thickness using slit-lamp examination, photography, and pachymetry. Rabbits were euthanized and enucleated for further evaluation. Results H-1152 exhibited significant stimulatory effect on CEC migration and proliferation in vitro compared with both untreated and Y-27632-treated cells. Furthermore, topical administration of H-1152 led to marked reduction in corneal edema and formation of multinucleate CECs in vivo suggestive of proliferation associated with healing. Conclusions H-1152 exhibited a better stimulatory effect on CEC migration and proliferation in vitro than Y-27632. Our findings suggest that topical administration of H-1152 promotes healing of injured corneal endothelium in vivo. These results demonstrate the efficacy of ROCK inhibitors as a potential topical therapy for patients with corneal endothelial disease.
Heart rate and skin conductance responding during three attention-direction tasks under distraction conditions

This study investigated the possibility that a failure to find cardiac acceleration to an environmental rejection task in a previous study was due to insufficient distraction in the experimental situation. The study was replicated, with distracting events added. An environmental intake task was associated with heart-rate deceleration during the first 60 sec. The rejection task and a third task involving attention to bodily events were not associated with significant heart-rate change. There were no differences in skin-conductance responding to the three tasks.
Controlling work in process during semiconductor assembly and test operations

This paper introduces a mid-term planning model for scheduling assembly and test operations aimed at minimising the difference between customer demand and product completions each day. A secondary objective is to maximise daily surplus which is a surrogate for throughput. Typically, semiconductor companies have 1000s of products or devices in their catalogue that can be organised into unique groups of up to a 100 devices each. This simplifies the planning process because it is only necessary to consider the groups as a whole rather than the individual devices when constructing schedules. In all, we developed and tested three related models. Each provides daily production rates at each process step for each device group for up to one month at a time. The models are distinguished by how cycle time is treated. The first takes a steady-state approach and uses Little’s Law to formulate a WIP target constraint based on the average cycle time at each processing step. The second and third include integer and frac...
Adsorbed Gases in Bundles of Carbon Nanotubes: Theory and Simulation

The discovery of carbon nanotubes [1, 2] has led to extensive investigation of adsorption on these remarkable substrates. Much of this effort has been directed toward potential applications, such as gas storage and separation, which exploit the fact that every carbon atom of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) can provide two surfaces, inside and outside of the tube, for potential gas adsorption; this corresponds to a specific area of order 2500 m 2 /g Early claims of extraordinary hydrogen uptake (e.g., six H 2 , molecules per C atom) stimulated a particularly intense effort to achieve practical amounts for storage applications, but those results have not been confirmed by any subsequent experiments. More modest uptake (0.5 molecule per C atom) of H 2 has been found to occur in some experiments and that may suffice for storage and other applications [3-9].
Simple Acoustic-Prosodic Models of Confidence and Likability are Associated with Long-Term Funding Outcomes for Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurship pitches are an increasingly common way for startup founders to attract the attention of potential investors, who may be swayed by style as well as content. This study examines whether vocal features can capture some of the perceived traits of entrepreneurs, and whether those perceptions are associated with long-term funding outcomes for the firm. Using 122 pitches from the TechCrunch Disrupt Startup Battlefield competition, I find that eventual funding amounts are significantly greater for those entrepreneurs who are perceived as more confident and less likable, and that these traits can be well modeled by features associated with the intensity (loudness) of their speech patterns.
Dexmedetomidine-induced fever and delirium: A case report.

What is known and objective Dexmedetomidine is a selective alpha-2 agonist used for sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU). Case description A 41-year-old woman intubated in the ICU and being treated for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) received dexmedetomidine following successful extubation to treat increasing agitation thought to be secondary to a history of polysubstance abuse. Following initiation of the dexmedetomidine, the patient became febrile as well as increasingly more agitated and delirious. All potential fever or delirium causes were evaluated. Following discontinuation of dexmedetomidine, her fever, agitation and delirium ceased. What is new and conclusion We depict the first known case of dexmedetomidine causing high fevers and delirium.
A competitive lateral flow assay for the detection of tenofovir.

Abstract Proper management of an HIV infection requires that a patient be at least 80–95% adherent to a prescribed drug regimen to avoid poor health outcomes and the development of drug-resistant HIV strains. Clinicians generally monitor adherence habits indirectly through patient self-reporting, pill counting, and electronic drug monitoring. While direct measurement of patient samples like urine for monitoring drug levels is possible, it requires specialized equipment and training that is not readily available in resource-limited settings where the need is greatest. In this work we report the development of an antibody that binds to tenofovir (TFV), a key small molecule drug for both the treatment and prevention of HIV, and a competitive lateral flow assay that uses that antibody to monitor urine samples for the presence of the drug. TFV was conjugated to an immunogenic protein and injected into rabbits to raise polyclonal antibodies sensitive to the drug. The antibodies were verified for TFV-sensitivity by immunoprecipitation and HPLC. A gold nanoparticle-based competitive assay was developed to detect the presence of TFV in urine samples with a sensitivity of 1 μg mL−1. This TFV assay could be deployed as a point-of-care device for adherence monitoring in resource-limited settings as a low-cost, accurate, and speedy alternative to current methods to better inform changes in treatment.
Change-Management: Der Leader als Veränderungs-Manager

„Den sicheren Arbeitsplatz, die Lebensstelle gibt es nicht mehr“, sagen international tatige Headhunter. Dies trifft auch fur Fuhrungskrafte zu. Die durchschnittliche Verweildauer in der Unternehmensleitung hat sich allein im letzten Jahrzehnt drastisch reduziert. Dass sich die Veranderungsgeschwindigkeit generell potenziert hat, ist eine unvermeidliche Nebenwirkung unseres Informationszeitalters.
Generating Random Variates

This chapter shows how the continuous uniform u~U(0,1) random variates are used to generate random variates for random variables from defined probability distributions. To accomplish in a computer simulation model, a random number generator algorithm isapplied whenever a random uniform u~U(0,1) variate is needed. The random number generator is the catalyst that delivers the uniform,u~U(0,1), random variates, one after another, as they are needed in the simulation model. This is essential since it allows the analyst the opportunity to create simulation models that use any probability distribution that pertains and gives flexibility to emulate the actual system under study.