cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dealing with relapse

For too many years, I have been an enigma to those who have tried to help me completely recover from bulimia and binge eating. It has taken me years and countless attempts to come to a place where I can now completely own my eating while at the same time acknowledging that I need and want people around me who are encouraging and supportive but not necessarily focused on what I eat or do not eat. I am so grateful to be where I am today and I cannot thank all those who have helped me along the way enough. I feel especially grateful to those who tried to help but “failed” because I was not getting it. Well, I’ve got it now. Thank you from the bottom of my heart for caring and trying and trying again and again. Each person who has attempted to help me has contributed in some way, even if it did not feel like it at the time. If you are a person who helps others around food and eating, please don’t quit. Please do not give up on even the hardest or quirkiest of cases. We need your support and encouragement.
Multimessenger NuEM Alerts with AMON.

The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON), has developed a real-time multi-messenger alert system. The system performs coincidence analyses of datasets from gamma-ray and neutrino detectors, making the Neutrino-Electromagnetic (NuEM) alert channel. For these analyses, AMON takes advantage of sub-threshold events, i.e., events that by themselves are not significant in the individual detectors. The main purpose of this channel is to search for gamma-ray counterparts of neutrino events. We will describe the different analyses that make up this channel and present a selection of recent results.
Analysis of the Global Energy Industry, Climate Change and Financial Matters: The Need for Effective Corporate Governance

Energy companies provide critical economic resources for advanced societies. Yet, critics complain about climate change and excess profits. A plethora of research offers ample evidence, from scientific and policy experts, that climate change is not a significant problem, whether human-caused or otherwise. For example, Richard Lindzen, the Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at MIT from 1983 to 2013, called “global warming” proponents discredited alarmists. Financial analysis shows energy companies are less profitable than those in other industries. Findings of this study are meaningful to academic researchers and corporate leaders, particularly if concerned with corporate governance of energy companies. Energy company managers would do well to inform the public, government leaders, and policy makers about the unfair charges of environmental harm and excess profitability, and assert the positive contributions of energy companies to the world economy.
Measuring the clinical impact of pathologist reviews of blood and body fluid smears : A laboratory outcome study

•Context.-Despite the widespread practice of pathologist review of blood and body fluid smears, little is known about its impact on improving patient care. Objective.-To assess the clinical usefulness of pathologist review of blood and body fluid smears. Design.-Survey study. Pathology residents contacted the ordering physician after pathologist reviews were reported to assess their clinical impact. Results.-Ninety-six pathologist reviews met criteria for study inclusion, and 64 ordering physicians were successfully contacted during the 2-month study period. Of the 64 cases, 19 reviews (30%) had been seen by the physician within 24 to 48 hours after the report was issued and 33 (51%) had not been seen; in 4 (6%) instances, physicians did not remember whether they had seen the review. Eight reviews (13%) were considered urgent enough to warrant immediate communication by the pathologist. Of the 27 reviews that were seen or directly communicated, 23 (85%) contributed to clinical diagnosis and/or patient management. Conclusions.-This study demonstrates the contribution of pathologist reviews of blood and body fluids to clinical diagnosis and patient management. The results also highlight the problem of a lack of physician awareness of clinical pathology results.
The Power of Narrative in Environmental Networks, by Raul Lejano, Mrill Ingram, and Helen Ingram

The Power of Narrative in Environmental Networks, by Raul Lejano, Mrill Ingram, and Helen Ingram. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013, 240 pages. ISBN: 978-0262519571 ($22.00, paperback).The Power of Na...
Chapter 12 Dynein Decoration of Microtubules–Determination of Polarity

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the methods used and results obtained when microtubules polymerized in vitro from calf brain tubulin are incubated with dynein from flagella of chlamydomonas. Studies demonstrate that dynein from Tetrahymena cilia binds to the microtubules present in isolated spindles of Spisula solidissima revealing the half spindle to be composed of microtubules possessing a single polarity. Accordingly, the interaction of dynein with cytoplasmic microtubules can now be investigated and the polarity of the microtubules determined. Recently, developed techniques are used to determine directly the polarity of a microtubule independent of its assembly. By decorating in vitro assembled microtubules with flagellar dynein, structural polarity is revealed in negatively stained preparations and in both longitudinal and transverse thin sections of microtubules. Because dynein can bind to preexisting microtubules, an examination of the polarity of native microtubules can be conducted. Application of this technique in situ will demonstrate if adjacent microtubules possess the same or opposite polarity.
Business Ethics Beyond the Moral Imagination: A Response to Richard Rorty

In August of 2005, Richard Rorty gave a keynote speech to the Society of Business Ethics entitled, “Is Philosophy Relevant to Applied Ethics?” My aim in this paper is to build on Rorty’s talk, and to imitate some of his argumentative method. Rorty explored two distinct but related dimensions of moral discourse, e.g. the philosophical and the pedagogical. He comes to the important conclusion that if applied ethicists are going to effect a change in the ethical culture of institutions and participate in the progress of moral development of individuals, then the ethics curriculum must come in for some overdue scrutiny. Theorists who engage in moral philosophy seek to understand what constitutes an ethical outlook and also how that outlook can change over time and across space. Similar to Rorty, ethicists in a philosophically speculative mode do the important work of attempting to articulate what is always already beyond the horizon of human knowledge. Though speculative ethicists are dubious to the attempts to separate claims of “what there is” from claims of “what we can know about ‘what there is,’ ” they do hold out for the hopeful chance that claims of “who we are” can be meaningfully separated from claims of “who we can be.” Theirs is a contingent future with an ever-broadening moral horizon. The speculative mode of theorizing has the advantages of being able to provide a richer account of human ethical behavior that is also pragmatically prudent. As I will argue, if there is such thing as moral progress, and I hope there is, it is probably the result of these speculative efforts. The second dimension I’ll call pedagogical because it augments the speculative dimension by considering the means for the moral improvement of people and their attendant institutions. The Greeks placed a high premium on theories and techniques of moral education precisely because they always assumed the priority of a thoughtful citizenry as the most important precondition for a flourishing democracy. From the bardic performances of Hesiod and Homer, to the performance of the dithyrambic tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides at the annual festival
Electronic control of stereoselectivity-21

Abstract The stereochemistry and product distribution resulting from reaction of 4',5',6',7'- tetrahydrospirol[cyclopropane-1,2']-[4,7]methano[2 H ]indene(5), endo-2-methyl(6a) and 2,2-dunethyl-4,7-dihydro-4,7-methano-2 H -indene (6b), as well as 4',5',6',7'-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2']-[4,7]methano-[2 H ]indene (7) with singlet oxygen have been determined. Stereochemical assignments to the diepoxide products were readily deduced by 13C-NMR comparison with the spectra of the parent isomcrs of established structure (X-ray). To unravel the stereochemistry of the epoxy aldehydes, recourse was made to 2D NOE experiments The observed stereosclectivity and reaction profile of each substrate are analyzed and placed in proper mechanistic and energetic perspective.
Interaction of an Active Glycopeptide from Chick Skin Collagen (αl-CB5) with Human Platelets

Abstract The denatured α1 chain from chick skin collagen, at a concentration of 0.1%, causes human platelets to aggregate. This activity appears to reside in only one of the chick skin α1 cyanogen bromide peptides (α1-CB5). Inhibition and periodate oxidation studies implicate the carbohydrate moiety of the chick skin α1-CB5 glycopeptide as one of its structural determinants. Evidence is also presented that native, triple helical collagen (tropocollagen) possesses an independent plateletaggregating activity in which its carbohydrate moiety is not involved. The quaternary structure of collagen fibrils appears to possess a third independent platelet-aggregating activity for which the carbohydrate moiety seems to be required.
Relationships Among Computer Self-Efficacy, Attitudes Toward Computers, and Desirability of Learning Computing Skills

AbstractAttitudes toward computers, computer self-efficacy, and commitment of learning computing skills have been recognized as important factors to assist college students in acquiring computer technologies. However, little research has been done on the combination of these factors. This study investigated the relationships among computer self-efficacy, attitudes toward computers, and desirability of learning computing skills. Three hypotheses were tested using the Attitudes Toward Computer Technologies (Delcourt & Kinzie, 1993) and Confidence and Desired Knowledge with Computer Technologies (Murphy, Coover, & Owen, 1989) measures. Statistical analyses consisted of bivariate correlations and simultaneous multiple regression. The findings included that comfort or anxiety about computers perceived by students predicted their confidence levels about computers. Students’ self-recognition of usefulness of computers and their perception of advanced levels of computer technologies were significant predictors in...
The Hidden Cost of Organ Sale

The idea of establishing a market for organs is now the subject of unusual controversy. Proponents emphasize the concept of autonomy; opponents invoke fairness and justice. The controversy, however, has given sparse attention to what it would mean to society and medicine to establish a market in organs and to the intended and unintended consequences of such a practice. This article addresses these issues by exploring the tensions between 'extrinsic' and 'intrinsic' incentives, suggesting that donation might well decline were financial incentives introduced. It also contends that social relationship and social welfare policy would be transformed in negative ways and that a regulated market in organs would be extraordinarily difficult to achieve. Finally, it argues that organ sale would have a highly detrimental affect on medicine as a profession.
Front End of Innovation

The front end of innovation or what has often been referred to as the fuzzy front end is the first part of the innovation process. Considerable research has been published in both academic and practitioner journals on the new-product development process, which occurs after the front end. In contrast, much less research has focused on the front end. We discuss nascent empirical studies and put them in an exploitation and exploration framework. Exploitation refers to a more incremental development, while exploration refers to a more radical development. Exploitation practices follow a well-practiced routine, which is typically thought of as consisting of three activities: discovery, scoping, and building a business case. In this article, we propose a more holistic model and include the companies' organizational resources (i.e., strategy, vision, and climate) as antecedent to the front-end activities. Empirical studies concentrating on exploitative front activities mostly have converging findings, although the necessity of having a well-conceived business plan is not per se confirmed in more recent studies. Practices in the front end for exploration projects are significantly different from those for exploitation projects due to the large amount of market and/or technology uncertainty. An understanding of how to manage the front end for exploration projects is just beginning to emerge. As such, we have provided a review of the relevant studies and have woven them into a model that uses a more iterative process than that used to explain exploitation projects. Keywords: exploitation; exploration; front end of innovation; fuzzy front end; predevelopment Stage-GateTM; value network
New Mechanism for the α to ω Martensitic Transformation in Pure Titanium

We propose a new direct mechanism for the pressure driven $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}$ martensitic transformation in pure titanium. A systematic algorithm enumerates all possible pathways whose energy barriers are evaluated. A new, homogeneous pathway emerges with a barrier at least 4 times lower than other pathways. The pathway is shown to be favorable in any nucleation model.
Neuro-Interventional Management of a Stroke

Each year almost 800,000 people suffer a new or recurrent stroke. Ischemic strokes are most commonly caused by either a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque or by a blood clot that forms in another part of the body and travels into the brain. Ischemic strokes can occur suddenly and can lead to devastating consequences. Timely recognition and response is critical. Currently, the only FDA approved treatment for ischemic strokes is the administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA). For those patients who are ineligible for IV tPA, one option includes intra arterial (IA) treatment, and consists of puncturing a large artery placing catheters and wires to access the blood vessels supplying oxygen to the brain. Since the late 1990s the field of intra arterial therapy has rapidly evolved. The first generation of devices were aspiration catheters with maceration wires that were positioned next to intra arterial clots and used to restore blood flow. More recently, physicians have begun directly aspirating blood clots, which allows for restoration of blood flow to occur in minutes. The importance of quickly treating patients with acute ischemic stroke has been borne out in several studies, demonstrating the fact that the faster a patient’s blood flow to the brain is restored, the faster they will recover. The goal of quickly restoring blood flow to the brain is to provide patients with the best chance at a good recovery.
Hypertensive Emergencies in Pregnancy

The prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is increasing. The etiology and pathophysiology of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy remain poorly understood. Hypertensive disorders are a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Treatment of hypertension decreases the incidence of severe hypertension, but it does not impact rates of preeclampsia or other pregnancy complications. Several antihypertensive medications are commonly used in pregnancy, although there is a lack of randomized controlled trials. Severe hypertension should be treated immediately to prevent maternal end-organ damage. Appropriate antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum management is important in caring for patients with hypertensive disorders.
Microbial Infections Are Associated with Embryo Mortality in Arctic-Nesting Geese.

ABSTRACT To address the role of bacterial infection in hatching failure of wild geese, we monitored embryo development in a breeding population of Greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. During 2013, we observed mortality of normally developing embryos and collected 36 addled eggs for analysis. We also collected 17 infertile eggs for comparison. Using standard culture methods and gene sequencing to identify bacteria within collected eggs, we identified a potentially novel species of Neisseria in 33 eggs, Macrococcus caseolyticus in 6 eggs, and Streptococcus uberis and Rothia nasimurium in 4 eggs each. We detected seven other bacterial species at lower frequencies. Sequences of the 16S rRNA genes from the Neisseria isolates most closely matched sequences from N. animaloris and N. canis (96 to 97% identity), but phylogenetic analysis suggested substantial genetic differentiation between egg isolates and known Neisseria species. Although definitive sources of the bacteria remain unknown, we detected Neisseria DNA from swabs of eggshells, nest contents, and cloacae of nesting females. To assess the pathogenicity of bacteria identified in contents of addled eggs, we inoculated isolates of Neisseria, Macrococcus, Streptococcus, and Rothia at various concentrations into developing chicken eggs. Seven-day mortality rates varied from 70 to 100%, depending on the bacterial species and inoculation dose. Our results suggest that bacterial infections are a source of embryo mortality in wild geese in the Arctic.
COMBINATORIAL CALCULATION OF THE VARIOUS NORMALIZATIONS OF THE WITTEN INVARIANTS FOR 3-MANIFOLDS

Polynomial formulae for the Witten invariant of 3-manifolds for manifolds which bound plumbed 4-manifolds are developed via the combinatorial approach of Lickorish. A number of tables of calculations of the various normalizations of this invariant are presented for a variety of Seifert fiber spaces over S2.
Examining interpersonal dynamics among adult learners through the lens of place

The purpose of this article is to analyze interpersonal problems among adult learners in three family literacy programs and to identify how these tensions were connected to place or distinctive community contexts. Drawing on the critical geography literature, the article argues that interpersonal problems must be understood in light of socio‐cultural and spatial factors such as the history of steel‐era industrial capitalism and immigrant settlement patterns resulting from global economic restructuring. By linking micro‐level interactions to contextual factors, the article provides a sociological, place‐conscious alternative to individualistic explanations of relational conflicts. In short, the group dynamics adult educators and learners encounter in the classroom should be understood as a microcosm of spatially produced social relations outside the program.
Interaction of chlorine radicals with polyethylene and hydrocarbon thin films under vacuum conditions--a comparison with atomic oxygen reactivity

Abstract The surface reactions of atomic chlorine and oxygen with hydrocarbon-based polymers and organic thin films under vacuum conditions have been investigated with in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The interaction of chlorine radicals (Cl( 2 P)) with polyethylene (PE) under vacuum conditions produces a partially chlorinated layer containing both CCl and CCl 2 groups whose concentration was maximized at the surface. Compared to higher-pressure photochlorination experiments where the flux of chlorine atoms is higher, the maximum extent of PE chlorination as measured by the C:Cl XPS ratio and the evolution of the C(1s) region was reduced in the present study while the surface selectivity of the reaction was enhanced. This influence of chlorine atom flux on the extent of chlorination and surface selectivity can be rationalized by a simple stochastic model of the PE chlorination process that incorporates steric effects associated with the production of mono and dichlorinated carbon atoms as well as cross-linking reactions between carbon-containing radicals. During the reaction of PE with atomic oxygen (O( 3 P)), a concentration gradient of oxygen-containing carbon functionality is also observed in the near surface region. Experiments carried out on hydrocarbon thin films based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) reveal that chlorination proceeds without erosion. In contrast, the incorporation of new carbon containing-oxygen functionalities during reactions of hydrocarbon films with atomic oxygen occurs in competition with carbon erosion.
Comment on James E. Rosenbaum, Linda K. Stroh, and Cathy A. Flynn's “Lake Parc Place: A study of mixed‐income housing”

Abstract It is not clear how much of the success of the Lake Parc Place experiment is due to income mixing and how much simply to the fact that it was turned into a well‐managed development with a carefully screened group of tenants. The Rosenbaum, Stroh, and Flynn study provides little empirical evidence to support the added value of income mixing, because nearly half of the low‐income households of Lake Parc Place were employed. Instead, the Lake Parc Place story suggests that income mixing is politically and financially appealing but socially unnecessary, at least in cases where housing authorities and their partners are able to revitalize developments in ways that can attract working families with very low incomes.
Taxonomy of Ethnomedicinal Botanicals and Documentation of Ethnomedicinal Practices Traditionally Used by Three Selected Ethnolinguistic Communities in Mindanao, Philippines

This study documents orally transmitted but never documented knowledge about ethnomedicinal (EMD) botanicals before they are lost as native healers die out and replaced by modern medical practitioners; the natural habitat lost due to the encroachment of fast-paced modern changes and consequent destruction of virgin forests. EMD practices traditionally used by three (3) ethnoliguistic communities (EC) in Mindanao, Philippines (Manobo, Talaandig and Higaonon) were observed and recorded, the EMD botanicals identified with the aid of their respective EMD practitioners (baylan, datu), photographed in situ, samples collected, herbarium preserved and their taxonomy established. Results showed 108 species of EMD botanicals belonging to 95 genera and 52 families; 11 commonly used by the three EC, three (3) common among the Talaandig and Higaonon, 17 common among the Manobo and Higaonon, 22 used only by the Higaonon, 21 used only by the Manobo, 23 used only by the Talaandig. Emphasizing the importance of â€œsevensâ€ (shoot, leaves, root, bark, fruit), 40 common ailments were treated through decoction, infusion, maceration, juice extraction and poultice. In conclusion, the three selected EC possess knowledge about EMD botanicals that are potential sources of medicinal therapeutics. Confirmation of their efficacy is being investigated in the light of modern, evidence-based medicine. Â Keywords - Ethnomedicine, indigenous knowledge, taxonomy, biodiversity, Manobo, Higaonon, Talaandig, ethnolinguistic communities, Philippines.
1811 EFFECT OF GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS (GBS) ON PULMONARY VASCULAR PERMEABILITY

The effect of GBS sepsis on pulmonary vascular permeability has not been well-defined. To study this phenomenon, the left lower lobes of canine lungs were removed and cannulated for perfusion with heparinized autologous blood, in the presence of zone III airway pressures. Two indices of permeability, filtration coefficient (Kf) and isogravimetric capillary pressure (Pci), as well as pulmonary vascular resistance (R), were determined in a baseline period and 1, 2, and 3 hours after the infusion of heatkilled GBS (109 cells/ml of blood). Values for Kf (gm/min/cmH2O/ 100gm lung) at each time period in GBS-infused (Group I) and control (Group II) lobes are listed below. Comparison of values between Groups I and II for Kf, Pci(cmH2O) and R(cmH2O/L/min/100gm lung) showed no significant differences at any time period. However, Kf in GBS-infused lungs (Group I) was increased over baseline values at each time period and was significantly different at 3 Hr. We conclude that GBS induces a significant increase in pulmonary vascular permeability which is subtle and evolves slowly.
Initiation of mammalian viral protein synthesis.

CULTURED human cells (KB) infected with human adenovirus type 2 (Ad 2) provide a model system for protein synthesis in mammalian cells. Adenovirus messenger RNA molecules are transcribed from nuclear viral DNA and transported to the cytoplasm for translation1. Late after infection (18 h) 9–10 viral mRNA species with sedimentation values of 7S to 32S are present in polysomes (Parsons, Gardner and Green, in preparation) and specify eight viral structural proteins which account for 80–90% of the polypeptides synthesized in vivo2–4. We now describe an in vitro cell-free system, derived from KB cells infected with Ad 2, which synthesizes 8–9 viral polypeptides and can initiate protein synthesis with a special class of yeast methionyl-tRNA. In vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that methionine is the initiator amino-acid for most, if not all, adenovirus structural proteins.
Ring 21 chromosome and a satellited 1p in the same patient: novel origin for an ectopic NOR.

Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) are present on the satellite stalks located on the short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes. NORs present on non-acrocentric chromosomes (ectopic NORs) are rare and were reported in both phenotypically normal and abnormal individuals. We describe a patient, ascertained prenatally, with an ectopic NOR on 1p and a ring 21 chromosomes. Amniocentesis was performed at 27-weeks gestation on a 19-year-old woman after identification of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) by ultrasound. Cytogenetic analysis of amniocytes from the fetus showed a mos 46,XX,1ps,r(21) (p11.2q22.3)[44]/45,XX,1ps,-21[6] karyotype. Parental karyotypes were normal, indicating a de novo origin for these rearrangements in the fetus. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of the 1ps showed no loss of euchromatin and retention of the telomeric repeats. Characterization of the r(21) using array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) identified that the deletion was approximately 5 Mb encompassing most of chromosome band 21q22.3. The ectopic NOR (1ps) was most likely derived from the acentric 21p fragment generated by the chromosome breakage event that lead to formation of the r(21) chromosome. This represents a novel mechanism for the origin of ectopic NORs. In addition, this study illustrates the importance of FISH analysis with telomeric and subtelomeric probes for characterization of chromosomes with ectopic NORs.
Multiple Levels of Stimulus Representation in Visual Working Memory

Object recognition presumably involves activation of multiple levels of representation. Here we use the encoding-related lateralization (ERL) method [Gratton, G. The contralateral organization of visual memory: A theoretical concept and a research tool. Psychophysiology, 35, 638--647, 1998] to describe the sequential activation of several of these levels. The ERL uses divided-field encoding to generate contralaterally biased representations in the brain. The presence and nature of these representations can be demonstrated by examining the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by centrally presented test probes for lateralized activity corresponding to the encoding side. We recorded ERPs during a memory-search task. Memory sets were composed of two or four uppercase letters displayed half to the left and half to the right of fixation. Probe stimuli were composed of one letter presented foveally in either upper- or lowercase. Letter case was manipulated to differentiate the time course of physical and symbolic levels of letter representation. Memory set size was manipulated to examine a relational level of letter representation. We found multiple ERLs in response to the probes: (1) An early (peak = 170 msec) case-dependent (but set size independent) ERL, most evident at P7/P8, indexing the availability of a physical level of letter representation; (2) a later (200--400 msec) more diffusedly distributed ERL, independent of both letter case and set size, indexing a symbolic level of letter representation; (3) a long-latency (400--600 msec) ERL occurring at posterior sites, larger for the case match, Set Size 2 condition, indexing competition for neural representation across multiple letters. By assuming that these ERL activities track the progression of letter representation over time, we propose a model of letter processing in the context of visual working memory.
Membrane Dynamics of the Contractile Vacuole Complex of Paramecium

ABSTRACT. Membrane dynamics of the contractile vacuole complex of Paramecium were investigated using conventional electron microscopy of cells so that the vacuoles were serial-sectioned longitudinally and transversely. During systole, vacuolar membrane collapses first into flattened cisternae which undergo further modification into a mass of interconnected small membrane tubules. These tubules retain their connections with the radiating microtubular ribbons; consequently they are found only in the poleward hemisphere. Permanent connections between ampullae and the collapsed vacuole membrane could not be verified nor was a sphincter-like mechanism for closing such a junction observed. Membranes of the ampullae and the collecting canals also collapse to varying extents into arrays of tubules that remain bound to microtubular ribbons during diastole. Thus vacuole, ampullae, and collecting canal membranes all assume tubular forms when internal volume is at a minimum. Having failed to observe a microfilamentous encasement of the vacuole, we suggest that an alternative mechanism for the “contractile” function should be sought. One such is based on fluid volume increase and fluid flow within transiently interconnected tubular membrane systems that cycle between a tubular and a planar membrane form as internal volume is periodically increased and reduced. The driving force for this mechanism might best be sought in the molecular structure of the membranes of the contractile vacuole complex.
Empirical Literary Research on Women and Readers

Both traditional and computerized scholars face problems when they attempt empirical research on women writers and women readers using currently available computational tools. This essay discusses some factors that have inhibited empirical research; it develops its examples from work in progress on 18th century English poetry and on reader responses. A number of large linguistic and text databases are almost useless for research on women writers because works by women are either not included or represented by easily accessible, rather than editorially clean, texts. Traditional and contemporary reader response studies are also insufficiently empirical for reasons of sexual bias or flaws in research design.
Copper deficiency-induced anemia and neutropenia secondary to intestinal malabsorption.

A patient with a history of partial gastrectomy presented with severe anemla, neutropenia, intestinal malabsorption, and was found to be severely copper-deficient. The anemia and neutropenia corrected promptly with the administration of intravenous cupric chloride. This case suggests that partial gastrectomy with or without intestinal malabsorption can result in copper deficiency and should be considered in differential diagnosis of severe anemia and neutropenia. ©1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Intraorbital Subperiosteal Hematoma due to Paranasal Mucocele —Case Report—

A 68-year-old female was admitted with a rare intraorbital subperiosteal hematoma manifesting as sudden orbital pain, progressive blepharoptosis, and diplopia. Computed tomography showed a biconvex high density mass in the superomedial part of the left orbit, which was recognized to be a subperiosteal hematoma intraoperatively. The eroded orbital roof between the frontal sinus and orbit was a result of mechanical compression by the mucocele. Infection extending into the orbit was important in causing the hemorrhage.
Using Problem Solving for Better Health Nursing in a Clinical Nurse Leader Program

This article describes the application of the problem solving for better health nursing (PSBHN) model to the community health course in the clinical nurse leader (CNL) program at the University of Virginia. The CNL program is an advanced generalist master's education for second-degree students. The incorporation of the model into the CNL community health course, examples of domestic and international student projects, lessons learned, and future plans for continued and expanded use of the PSBHN model are discussed.
Plasma catecholamine and hemodynamic responses to the placement of epinephrine-impregnated gingival retraction cord.

Abstract A double-blind randomized crossover study was conducted to measure the changes in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure product, and plasma catecholamine levels for 60 minutes after the placement of racemic (r) epinephrine- or alum-impregnated retraction cords in intact gingival sulci of nine healthy volunteers. The r-epinephrine-impregnated cord produced significant (p
Logic programming and reasoning with incomplete information

The purpose of this paper is to expand the syntax and semantics of logic programs and disjunctive databases to allow for the correct representation of incomplete information in the presence of multiple extensions. The language of logic programs with classical negation, epistemic disjunction, and negation by failure is further expanded by new modal operators K and M (where for the set of rulesT and formulaF, KF stands for “F is known to be true by a reasoner with a set of premisesT” and MF means “F may be believed to be true” by the same reasoner). Sets of rules in the extended language will be called epistemic specifications. We will define the semantics of epistemic specifications (which expands the semantics of disjunctive databases from) and demonstrate their applicability to formalization of various forms of commonsense reasoning. In particular, we suggest a new formalization of the closed world assumption which seems to better correspond to the assumption's intuitive meaning.
The Effect of Appropriate and Inappropriate In-Class Song Performance Models on Performance Preference of Third- and Fourth-Grade Students:

This study investigated (1) the effect of in-class song performance models, of sex, and of song type on performance preference; (2) the effect of the in-class performance models on students' indications of “ correct” performance, and on tempo and dynamics of students' individual performances; and (3) correlations between verbal and behavioral indications of performance preference, and between students' indications of “ correct” performance and their verbal preference ratings. Third- and fourth-grade students were concurrently involved in separate experiments and were assigned to one of two in-class performance model treatment groups: (1) Class A, which sang lullabies and capstan chanties appropriately; or (2) Class I, which sang the same songs inappropriately. Performance preference and students' ideas of “ correct” performance were affected by appropriate and inappropriate in-class performance models. The study also indicates a slight difference between the preferences of boys and girls and an over-all p...
Reconsidering the decision-making approach to management

Abstract There appears to be an increasing number of popular articles assailing the quantitative leanings of younger managers, and thus indirectly, our ‘decision-making’ approach to management education. This paper investigates these charges and reexamines some of the conceptual foundations, as well as popular attitudes, of management science. An actual managerial situation, considered to be typical, is used as a vehicle to explore these foundations and attitudes and some possible redirections of the field are then suggested.
Renal abnormalities in sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell anemia and the related hemoglobinopathies are associated with a large spectrum of renal abnormalities. The patients have impaired urinary concentrating ability, defects in urinary acidification and potassium excretion, and supranormal proximal tubular function. The latter is manifest by increased secretion of creatinine and by reabsorption of phosphorus and beta(2)-microglobulin. Young patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have supranormal renal hemodynamics with elevations in both effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These parameters decrease with age as well as following the administration of prostaglandin inhibitors. Proteinuria, a common finding in adults with sickle cell disease, may progress to the nephrotic syndrome. Proteinuria, hypertension, and increasing anemia predict end-stage renal disease (ESRD). While ESRD can be managed by dialysis and/or renal transplantation, there may be an increased rate of complications in renal transplant recipients with SCD. Hematuria is seen in individuals with all of the SCDs as well as with sickle cell trait. In most cases the etiology of the hematuria turns out to be benign. However, there does appear to be an increased association between SCD and renal medullary carcinoma. Therefore, those SCD patients who present with hematuria should initially undergo a thorough evaluation in order to exclude this aggressive neoplasm. Papillary necrosis may occur due to medullary ischemia and infarction. Erythropoietin levels are usually lower than expected for their degree of anemia and decrease further as renal function deteriorates. An abnormal balance of renal prostaglandins may be responsible for some of the changes in sickle cell nephropathy. Acute renal failure is a component of the acute multiorgan failure syndrome (MOFS). Finally, progression of sickle cell nephropathy to ESRD may be slowed by adequate control of hypertension and proteinuria. However, the prevention of the renal complications of SCD will require a cure for this genetic disorder.
Io's surface composition based on reflectance spectra of sulfur/salt mixtures and proton-irradiation experiments

Available full-disk reflectance spectra of Io in the range 0.3 to 2.5 microns have been used to determine a surface compositional model for Io that is consistent with Io's other known chemical and physical properties. Results indicate that the surface of Io contains abundant dehydrated salts of high Na, Mg, and Fe(3+) content such as bloedite and ferrous iron sulfate. Experiments were performed studying the irradiation damage effects from low-energy proton bombardment, since Io is immersed in Jupiter's magnetosphere.
Nomograms as predictive models.

Nomograms are valuable tools for estimating the likelihood of cancer being diagnosed, the pathologic features of a localized cancer, and the prognosis of a patient after treatment. Although the available nomograms are reasonably accurate, better predictive factors including additional clinical factors and new molecular analyses are needed to improve the accuracy or predictions. Nomogram performance will also be enhanced with larger datasets of patients and longer follow-up. We review the concepts of risk stratification and the development and use of nomograms as predictive tools.
subjective probability forecasting experiments in meteorology: some preliminary results

This paper describes the preliminary results of three experiments in subjective probability forecasting which were recently conducted in four Weather Service Forecast Offices (WSFOs) of the National Weather Service. The first experiment, which was conducted at the St. Louis WSFO, was designed to investigate both the ability of forecasters to differentiate among points in a forecast area with regard to the likelihood of occurrence of measurable precipitation and their relative ability to make point and area (including areal coverage) precipitation probability forecasts. The second experiment, which was conducted at the Denver WSFO, was designed to investigate the ability of forecasters to use credible intervals to express the uncertainty inherent in their temperature forecasts and to compare two approaches (variable-width intervals and fixed-width intervals) to credible interval temperature forecasting. The third experiment, which was conducted at both the Great Falls and Seattle WSFOs, was designed to inv...
Parametricity, type equality, and higher-order polymorphism

Propositions that express type equality are a frequent ingredient of modern functional programming – they can encode generic functions, dynamic types, and GADTs. Via the Curry–Howard correspondence, these propositions are ordinary types inhabited by proof terms, computed using runtime type representations. In this paper we show that two examples of type equality propositions actually do reflect type equality; they are only inhabited when their arguments are equal and their proofs are unique (up to equivalence.) We show this result in the context of a strongly normalizing language with higher-order polymorphism and primitive recursion over runtime-type representations by proving Reynolds's abstraction theorem. We then use this theorem to derive “free” theorems about equality types.
Abstract SY36-01: Exploiting intra-tumor heterogeneity through agent-based models of tumor growth to infer properties of human malignancies.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC In recent years, intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) has emerged as a fundamental property of many solid tumors. This feature is the product of cancer evolution and may be implicated in malignant progression and clinical outcome. ITH not only reflects the sequence of malignant events that have occurred in the neoplasm, but it also embeds a signature of the past proliferative history of tumor cells. This signature can be exploited to infer tumor dynamics and to measure properties of the cellular organization that render each cancer distinct. In particular, by integrating multiple types of genomic data derived from different regions of an individual tumor, with a 3-dimensional agent-based model of tumor growth, we can infer clinically relevant cancer parameters directly in human samples. This approach is highly flexible, enabling several malignant processes to be considered, and provides a natural framework with which to interpret the apparent complexity of cancer genomic data, with implications for understanding mechanisms of tumor progression. We demonstrate the utility of this approach on a cohort of breast and colorectal cancers. Citation Format: Andrea Sottoriva, Zhicheng Ma, Haeyoun Kang, Christina Curtis. Exploiting intra-tumor heterogeneity through agent-based models of tumor growth to infer properties of human malignancies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY36-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-SY36-01
Targeting vesicles to specific sites on the plasma membrane: the role of the sec6/8 complex

The delivery of secretory vesicles to appropriate docking and fusion sites on the plasma membrane is crucial for many cellular functions, including formation of synapses, exocytosis of neurotransmitter, establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, cell growth and plasma membrane wound healing. Cell-biological, genetic and biochemical approaches have identified crucial proteins and protein interactions important for vesicle docking and fusion. However, a description of the molecular mechanisms underlying vesicle targeting to specific membrane-fusion sites remains elusive. This review discusses a set of proteins that might direct vesicles to specific domains of the plasma membrane.
Association between the GABAA receptor α5 subunit gene locus (GABRA5) and bipolar affective disorder

Genetic factors seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of affective disorder. The candidate gene strategies are being used, among others, to identify the genes conferring vulnerability to the disease. The genes coding for the receptors of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been proposed as candidates for affective disorder, since the GABA neurotransmitter system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the illness. We examined the possible genetic association between the GABAA receptor α5 subunit gene locus (GABRA5) on chromosome 15 and affective disorder, in 48 bipolar patients (BP), 40 unipolar patients (UP), and 50 healthy individuals, age- and sex-matched to the patients. All patients and controls were unrelated Greeks. Diagnoses were made after direct interviews according to the DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria. For the genotyping, a dinucleotide (CA) repeat marker was used. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products found were nine alleles with lengths between 272 and 290 base pairs (bp). The distribution of allelic frequencies of the GABRA5 locus differed significantly between BP patients and controls with the 282-bp allele found to be associated with BP affective disorder, while no such difference was observed between the groups of UP patients and controls nor between the two patient groups. The presence or absence of the 282-bp allele in the genotype of BP patients was not shown to influence the age of onset and the overall clinical severity, but was found to be associated with a preponderance of manic over depressive episodes in the course of the illness. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 81:73–80, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
System design from mission definition to flight validation

Considerations related to the engineering systems design process and an approach taken to introduce undergraduate students to that process are presented. The paper includes details on a particular capstone design course. This course is a team oriented aircraft design project which requires the students to participate in many phases of the system design process, from mission definition to validation of their design through flight testing. To accomplish this in a single course requires special types of flight vehicles. Relatively small-scale, remotely piloted vehicles have provided the class of aircraft considered in this course.
FHA: Reforms to Protect Taxpayers and Borrowers

The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) has historically played a crucial role in supporting the housing market. The most recent financial and housing market crises would have been far worse if the FHA had not stepped in to provide mortgage credit. Providing that credit, however, required FHA to take on elevated levels of risk. FHA supports the housing market and homeownership in three ways. First, FHA helps to ensure that all those who can sustain homeownership have access to reasonably priced long-term, fixed-rate mortgages. Second, FHA helps to prevent the collapse of local, regional, or national housing markets when the private sector pulls back from offering mortgages. Third, FHA can promote innovation by piloting new products and underwriting and servicing practices. As the country looks to reform the housing finance system, this recent experience makes clear how important it is to both retain FHA and strengthen its ability to assess and manage risk. Addressing these issues immediately would help t...