cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New insecticides by replacement of carbon by other Group IV elements

(...) A silicon analog of MTI-800 (dimethyl-4-ethoxyphenyl-1-(3-(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl) propyl)silane) is a broad spectrum insecticide. This silane was used as a starting point for building new silane analogs as potential insecticides. Two analogs were particularly noteworthy. A silane with a cyclopropyl group was found to be non-toxic to Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) while the corresponding carbon compound was a potent insecticide (...)
System Analysis of an Arabidopsis Mutant Altered in de Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis Reveals Diverse Changes in Seed Composition and Metabolism

Embryo-specific overexpression of biotin carboxyl carrier protein 2 (BCCP2) inhibited plastid acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase), resulting in altered oil, protein, and carbohydrate composition in mature Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed. To characterize gene and protein regulatory consequences of this mutation, global microarray, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, iTRAQ, and quantitative immunoblotting were performed in parallel. These analyses revealed that (1) transgenic overexpression of BCCP2 did not affect the expression of three other ACCase subunits; (2) four subunits to plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex were 25% to 70% down-regulated at protein but not transcript levels; (3) key glycolysis and de novo fatty acid/lipid synthesis enzymes were induced; (4) multiple storage proteins, but not cognate transcripts, were up-regulated; and (5) the biotin synthesis pathway was up-regulated at both transcript and protein levels. Biotin production appears closely matched to endogenous BCCP levels, since overexpression of BCCP2 produced mostly apo-BCCP2 and the resulting ACCase-compromised, low-oil phenotype. Differential expression of glycolysis, plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, fatty acid, and lipid synthesis activities indicate multiple, complex regulatory responses including feedback as well as futile “feed-forward” elicitation in the case of fatty acid and lipid biosynthetic enzymes. Induction of storage proteins reveals that oil and protein synthesis share carbon intermediate(s) and that reducing malonyl-coenzyme A flow into fatty acids diverts carbon into amino acid and protein synthesis.
Long-term follow-up of a behavioral treatment for stuttering in children

We report 3.5-year follow-up data from children who participated in a study that evaluated a behavioral treatment for stuttering. Six of 7 subjects continued to be at or below the criterion of 3% stuttered words. Stuttering increased for 1 subject, but remained far below his baseline level. Social validity data are also reported.
The Mysterious Case of Vanishing Hegemony, or, Is Mark Twain Really Dead?

Has American hegemony greatly declined over recent years? Much of the recent literature on “hegemonic stability” has been devoted to explaining the effects of a decline in American hegemony on the international system since the high point immediately after 1945. In a variant of the theme, scholars have searched for ways in which to maintain an international regime established during that lost hegemony. Others have perceived an ethnocentric bias in some of this angst.1
Metastability in SiGe/Si Strained-Layer Structures

The physics governing growth and stability properties in SiGe/Si strainedlayer structures is reviewed. The role of metastability in crystal growth is outlined. Experimental data on stability limits and rates of strain relaxation are examined. We conclude that essentially all observations on relaxation of semiconductor strained-layer structures can be explained by standard models of plastic deformation adapted to the special conditions controlling dislocation dynamics in these structures.
Heterogeneous properties of central lateral and parafascicular thalamic synapses in the striatum.

Key points • The excitatory afferents to the striatum from the cortex and thalamus are critical in the expression of basal ganglia function. • Thalamostriatal afferents are markedly heterogeneous and arise in different subnuclei of the intralaminar thalamus. • We used an optogenetic approach, to isolate and selectively activate thalamostriatal afferents arising in the central lateral or parafascicular thalamic nuclei, and to study the properties of their synapses with principal striatal neurons, the medium-spiny neurons. • Thalamostriatal synapses differ in many aspects and our data suggest that inputs from the central lateral nucleus are efficient drivers of medium-spiny neuron action potential firing, whereas inputs from the parafascicular nucleus are likely to be modulatory. • These results suggest distinct roles for thalamostriatal inputs from different subnuclei of the thalamus and will help us understand how the striatal circuit operates in health and disease. Abstract To understand the principles of operation of the striatum it is critical to elucidate the properties of the main excitatory inputs from cortex and thalamus, as well as their ability to activate the main neurons of the striatum, the medium spiny neurons (MSNs). As the thalamostriatal projection is heterogeneous, we set out to isolate and study the thalamic afferent inputs to MSNs using small localized injections of adeno-associated virus carrying fusion genes for channelrhodopsin-2 and YFP, in either the rostral or caudal regions of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (i.e. the central lateral or parafascicular nucleus). This enabled optical activation of specific thalamic afferents combined with whole-cell, patch-clamp recordings of MSNs and electrical stimulation of cortical afferents, in adult mice. We found that thalamostriatal synapses differ significantly in their peak amplitude responses, short-term dynamics and expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes. Our results suggest that central lateral synapses are most efficient in driving MSNs to depolarization, particularly those of the direct pathway, as they exhibit large amplitude responses, short-term facilitation and predominantly express postsynaptic AMPA receptors. In contrast, parafascicular synapses exhibit small amplitude responses, short-term depression and predominantly express postsynaptic NMDA receptors, suggesting a modulatory role, e.g. facilitating Ca2+-dependent processes. Indeed, pairing parafascicular, but not central lateral, presynaptic stimulation with action potentials in MSNs, leads to NMDA receptor- and Ca2+-dependent long-term depression at these synapses. We conclude that the main excitatory thalamostriatal afferents differ in many of their characteristics and suggest that they each contribute differentially to striatal information processing.
Diabetic Wounds Exhibit Decreased Ym1 and Arginase Expression with Increased Expression of IL-17 and IL-20

Objective: Impaired wound healing in diabetic (DB) patients is a significant health problem; however, the roles that cytokines and innate immune cells contribute to this impaired healing are not completely understood. Approach: A mouse model was used to compare the innate immune response during DB and normal wound healing. Two 5-mm full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsal skin of BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (DB) and C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice. Innate immune cell markers and cytokine mRNA levels were measured in wound biopsies during the first week of healing. Results: Innate immune cell influx (typified by the Gr-1 neutrophil marker and the Ym1 macrophage marker) was delayed in the DB wounds. Expression of the M2 macrophage-related genes, Ym1 and arginase 1, was significantly reduced in the DB wounds. PCR array analysis demonstrated altered cytokine expression in DB wounds. Most prominently, both interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-20 mRNA levels were significantly increased in the DB wounds. Innovation: This is the first study to identify increased levels of IL-17 and IL-20 in DB wounds. These cytokines are also elevated in the inflammatory skin disorder, psoriasis; thus, they may be potential therapeutic targets to aid in DB wound healing. Conclusion: The entire cytokine profile of DB wounds over the course of healing is not completely understood. This study suggests that the IL-17 and IL-20 families of cytokines should be further analyzed in the context of DB wound healing.
Electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of neurons in perinuclear zone of supraoptic nucleus.

Armstrong, William E. and Javier E. Stern. Electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of neurons in perinuclear zone of supraoptic nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2427–2437, 1997. Neurons...
Design of a Dynamic Undergraduate Green Chemistry Course

The green chemistry course taught at Westminster College (PA) incorporates nontraditional teaching techniques and texts to educate future chemists about the importance of using green chemistry principles. The course is designed to introduce green chemistry concepts and demonstrate their inherent necessity by discussing historical missteps by the chemical industry, and future design possibilities. Students learn to apply green chemistry principles through case studies and journal article activities, while connecting all of these resources and experiences with concept maps. The final course project requires students to create their own green chemistry educational materials. This nontraditional approach to teaching chemistry provides an opportunity for students to learn in dynamic ways and to be creative in their contributions to green chemistry.
Silicon-germanium

The strong points of compound and single element semiconductors are united in a new type of transistor, silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor (Si-Ge HBT). The device is the offshoot of bandgap engineering and the manufacturing economics of silicon. Silicon-germanium is a new material used in making microchips for less expensive, high-performance communications tools. Low energy consumption and processing at ultra-high speeds make silicon-germanium transistors a treasure for many people in microelectronics. Silicon-germanium is a critical breakthrough in an anxiety-laden field. Practitioners fear that traditional silicon technology is nearing its physical limits. Higher speeds cannot be attained without miniaturization to a point at which the devices no longer function.
The Unintended Consequence of Whistleblower Protections: How Explicit Protections Activate Implicit Threats

This paper investigates the impact of explicit protections on whistleblower reporting behavior. Despite the increasing number of statutory protections now provided to whistleblowers, fear of reprisal remains a primary reason why individuals fail to report misconduct. In order to alleviate such fears and encourage reporting, hotline policies often describe explicit whistleblower protections from specific types of retaliation (e.g., harassment, threats or intimidation, loss of job or promotion, etc.). However, we posit that such vivid descriptions may actually achieve the opposite of their intended effect by increasing the salience of retaliatory threats, thereby discouraging whistleblower reporting. We conduct an experiment within an auditing context and find that when explicit protections are added to an audit firm’s whistleblower hotline policy, auditors assess the risk of reporting as higher and, as a result, are less likely to indicate that the misconduct will be reported. To our knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate that offering explicit protections to whistleblowers can have these unintended and counter-intuitive consequences. In addition, we find that perceptions of risk and reporting likelihood are unaffected by the whistleblower’s level of job security. That is, the threat of retaliation was perceived to be of equal concern, regardless of position within the firm. We believe this finding helps to underscore why so few employees, even those who are well-respected within the organization, choose to remain silent in the presence of wrongdoing. We believe that our findings should be of particular importance to corporate boards of directors, audit committees, regulators, auditors, and other stakeholders concerned with organizational governance.
Semiconductor optical and Raman amplifier (SOAR)

We propose a novel scheme for SOA and Raman hybrid integration that achieves significant improvements in gain flatness and power budget. Bit-error-rate performance of 36×10 Gb/s channels over 100 km NZDSF fiber has been demonstrated.
Development of a Monitoring Program for a Porous Concrete BMP

A conventional concrete and asphalt pedestrian area in the center of Villanova University’s campus was recently voluntarily retrofitted with an infiltration BMP. The conventional materials were removed and replaced with porous concrete underlain by stormwater recharge beds. To date, infiltrated water from infiltration BMPs has not the subject of much study. The development of this monitoring program will be the focus of this paper. This site has been instrumented to measure the effectiveness of this BMP, and specifically, to track the change in water quality and quantity as the water infiltrates into the soil. A series of electronic moisture meters and suction lysimeters have been placed both under the recharge beds and along the side of the recharge beds. The information gathered from the instrumentation alongside the beds will be used as a “control” to compare to the results obtained from the instrumentation under the beds. Background Urbanization and the resulting increase in urban storm water over the past few decades have led to an increase in runoff and pollution. This increase directly affects the surrounding rivers and streams, with impacts such as increased stream bank erosion, decreased water quality, and decreased base flow as areas become less and less pervious. Studies show this increase in urban storm water is a leading contributor of non-point source pollution (Paul and Meyer 2001). Such discoveries have led to a demand for innovative practices that will discourage future stream water degradation and help deal with, and possibly reverse, some of the damage already done. This demand is becoming more recognized, and as a result, such technologies are emerging. Many of these technologies are emerging in the form of best management practices (BMP). BMPs use innovative processes to help minimize adverse effects of urbanization. One of the problems with the BMPs is the lack of documented research displaying their effectiveness, especially storm water infiltration BMPs. The National Stormwater Best Management Practice Database has taken the first steps in dealing with this issue and is pioneering the way in collecting and reviewing numerous documented uses of BMPs (http://www.bmpdatabase.org/). The database is broken into two categories, structural and non-structural. The non-structural BMP database contains a total of 28 BMPs consisting solely of maintenance practice type BMPs. The structural component totals 170 BMPs ranging from biofilters to detention basins to hydrodynamic devices. Of the 170 structural BMPs contained in the database, only five document test sites that utilized porous pavement. Furthermore, within this group of five, only one of these test sites used a concrete based porous pavement. The need
Virological suppression after use of crushed tenofovir–emtricitabine and dolutegravir tablets in a patient with HIV infection

Management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in treatment-naive patients requires combination antiretroviral therapy, with a preferred recommendation including tenofovir, emtricitabine, and dolutegravir.[1][1] While this regimen has demonstrated efficacy in treatment-naive HIV-infected patients
Genetic Analysis of Human Cell Surface Structures

Many studies indicate that cell surface components are important in the control of cellular growth and function and that alterations of these structures occur in the malignant state. The extreme complexity of the human cell surface makes difficult the exact determination of the role of specific cell surface structures in the malignant process. The strategy we have employed to simplify the genetic analysis of human cell surface structures takes advantage of two experimental facts.
A Great Art Awakening

When Charles E. Bailey visited the statehouse in February 1883, Secretary of the Commonwealth Henry B. Pierce handed him a circular for the normal art school, saying: ‘You have a boy, I believe, who might be interested in that.’ Henry Turner Bailey (1865–1931) graduated as valedictorian from Scituate High School the previous June. The boy dreamed of becoming a preacher, but the destruction of his father’s shoe business in Boston’s 1872 fire left no money for advanced education.
History of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Management Based Upon Data from Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trials

Screening mammography programs have resulted in dramatic increases in the volume of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cases diagnosed in the USA over the past 40 years. This has prompted a reevaluation of the historic approach to routine management of DCIS via mastectomy. Prospective, randomized clinical trials have now documented the safety of breast-conserving surgery for DCIS and have also revealed benefits of adjuvant endocrine therapy for these lesions, as most are hormone receptor positive, and the local, antiproliferative activity of these agents suppresses risk of local recurrence in lumpectomy cases. Adjuvant radiation has been widely shown to be beneficial as an adjunct to lumpectomy, but whether radiation and endocrine therapy are interchangeable versus additive in reducing risk of local recurrence remains open to further study. Whether aromatase inhibitors will prove to be of greater benefit than tamoxifen is a subject of ongoing clinical trials.
Circuit modeling of double-armature rotary-linear induction motor

An equivalent circuit model of a double-armature rotary-linear induction motor is proposed. The stator of the motor possesses rotary and linear-tubular armatures placed aside one another. Both armatures interact with a cylindrical double layer solid rotor which can move rotary, linearly or with helical motion. The static end effect in linear armature and the dynamic longitudinal end effects which occurs at both rotary and linear armatures during the helical and linear rotor motion, are taken into account. Motor performance characteristics were determined on the basis of proposed equivalent circuit. These characteristics are compared with those obtained from the finite element model simulation.
JNK Regulates DKK1 Expression in Multiple Myeloma Cells.

Multiple myeloma (MM), a tumor of terminally differentiated plasma cells, depends on the bone marrow for growth and survival. MM is characterized by extensive bone loss and osteolytic lesions located at the sites of medullary plasmacytomas, suggesting that myeloma cells alter the biology of bone remodeling. Wnt signaling in osteoblasts is essential for the maintenance of osteoblast and osteoclast homeostasis and thus coupled bone turnover. MM plasma cells, but not those from healthy donors or MGUS, secrete Wnt signaling inhibitors DKK1, sFRP-2 and sFRP-3. The production of these factors contributes to osteolytic lesions by inhibiting Wnt signaling in the bone marrow milieu. It is currently not known how DKK1 expression is activated and regulated in MM. Here we report that DKK-1 expression is significantly lower in 45 myeloma cell lines (MMCL) and 5 secondary plasma cell leukemias/ pleural effusions compared to primary myeloma cells and down-regulated in all 9 primary myeloma cells with high DKK1 expression levels (Affymetrix Signal > 1,000) following co-culture with osteoclasts. This inhibition of DKK1 is associated with the simultaneous down-regulation of JUN, FOS, and FOSB , of which JUN has been shown to regulate DKK1 (Grotewald and Ruther, 2002). Ectopic expression of c-Jun in Jun negative MMCLs did not induce DKK1 expression, indicating that DKK1 transcription in this cell type is not solely dependent on c-Jun. DKK1 transcription increased 2- to 20-fold in myeloma cells from 21 of 42 primary MM following 48 hour of in-vivo exposure to thalidomide and 19 of 24 exposed to lenolidomide. The JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 could significantly inhibit the up-regulation of DKK1 in 7 of 9 primary MM cells following in-vitro exposure to thalidomide or lenolidomide. Finally, treatment of MMCL and primary MM with the JNK activator Anisomycin resulted in up-regulation of DKK1 2- to 5-fold, but not in the presence of SP600125. These data indicate that DKK1 expression in MM cells is, in part, dependent on JNK signaling and suggests that JNK inhibitors may be an effective means of inhibiting both DKK1 expression and MM bone disease.
Gender nonconforming youth: current perspectives

Beginning with a case vignette, a discussion follows of the reformulation of theories of gender development taking into consideration the recent upsurge of gender nonconforming and transgender youth presenting for gender services and also in the culture at large. The three predominant models of pediatric gender care are reviewed and critiqued, along with a presentation of the recently developed interdisciplinary model of gender care optimal in the treatment of gender nonconforming youth seeking either puberty blockers or cross-sex hormones.
Biogeochemical Responses to Tidal Restoration

Restoration of tides to a tide-restricted marsh sets into motion significant changes in the biogeochemistry of the marsh. These biogeochemical changes affect the suitability of the marsh for different species of vegetation, nekton, and birds, and set the context for the long-term development of the marsh. In turn, changes in vegetation and nekton can substantially modify the biogeochemistry of the marsh.
Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XXXVII: The New Group Palicourea sect. Chocoanae of the Chocó Biogeographic Region, with Two New Species (Palicoureeae)

Psychotria L. subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm. has been shown, based on morphological and molecular analyses, to be polyphyletic. Most of its species, including its type, belong to Palicourea Aubl. Several Psychotria species studied here are related to species of Palicourea ser. 11 and are transferred here to Palicourea. Palicourea ser. 11 is formally described here as Palicourea sect. Chocoanae C. M. Taylor, except for four of its former species that are excluded. Palicourea sect. Chocoanae includes 15 species from Central and South America and is centered in the Choco biogeographic region of northwestern South America and eastern Panama. Palicourea sect. Chocoanae includes eight species already classified in this genus: Palicourea acanthacea (Standl. ex Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor, Palicourea deneversii (C. M. Taylor) Borhidi, Palicourea dimorphandrioides (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor, Palicourea frontinoensis Cogollo & C. M. Taylor, Palicourea grandistipula (Standl. ex Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor, Palicourea orquidea C. M. Taylor, Palicourea sopkinii C. M. Taylor, and Palicourea tamaensis (Standl. & Steyerm.) Steyerm. Four more species transferred into this genus have new nomenclatural combinations made here. Palicourea cotejensis (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis cotejensis Standl.; Palicourea plusiantha (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria plusiantha Standl.; Palicourea timbiquensis (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria timbiquensis (Standl.) C. M. Taylor; and Palicourea trianae (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis trianae Standl. One species, Palicourea psilophylla (Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor, was previously treated as a variety, Palicourea tamaensis var. psilophylla Steyerm. Two species are newly described here: Palicourea mistratoana C. M. Taylor is found in western Colombia and differs from Palicourea sopkinii in its smaller leaves, inflorescences, and bracts; and Palicourea shuar C. M. Taylor is found in southern Ecuador and differs from Palicourea sopkinii by its corymbiform inflorescences and shorter bracts. A lectotype is designated for Cephaelis grandistipula Standl. ex Steyerm.
Pretreatments for Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pinewood: a Review

Pinewood is an abundant source of lignocellulosic biomass that has potential to be used as renewable feedstock in biorefineries for conversion into advanced biofuels and other value-added chemicals. However, its structural recalcitrance, due to the compact packing of its major components, viz. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, high lignin content, and high cellulose crystallinity, is a major bottleneck in its widespread use as a biorefinery feedstock. Typical chemical, thermal, and biological pretreatment technologies are aimed at removing lignin and hemicellulose fractions for improving enzyme accessibility and digestibility of cellulose. This review highlights common pine pretreatment procedures, associated key parameters and resulting enzymatic hydrolysis yields. The challenges and limitations are also discussed as well as potential strategies to overcome them, providing an essential source of information to realize pine as a compelling biorefinery biomass source.
Laser Synthesis and Spectroscopy of Ligand-Coated Chromium Oxide Nanoclusters.

Ultra-small chromium oxide nanoclusters produced by laser vaporization in a fast flow tube reactor are ligand-coated by gas-phase reactions with acetonitrile vapor and then captured in a cold trap and transferred to solution. The resulting clusters are characterized with mass spectrometry, UV–visible absorption and emission spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. According to mass spectrometry, clusters of the form CrxOy(MeCN)z are produced in the size range of x ≤ 10 and y < 25. The ligand-coated clusters in solution exhibit a limited number of prominent sizes, with the same preferences for specific stoichiometries seen in earlier gas-phase studies of ligand-free clusters. Computational studies provide structures and predicted spectra for these systems. The intrinsic stability of these clusters is confirmed by their production under different laser ablation conditions and by their significant shelf lives (several months) without aggregation or decomposition. UV–visib...
Patellar Height: Which Index?

The definition of the patellar height has been the topic of numerous articles [1–4, 8, 15–19, 21] and still no consensus has been found when to use which index. The patellar height remains to be a widely discussed topic. The importance of a broadly accepted definition is evident, as the patellar height is part of defining anatomical and physiological factors of the extensor mechanism which again demands a standard evaluation.
Neo-Oralism and the Education of the Deaf in the Soviet Union:

An overview of education of the deaf in the Soviet Union is presented with emphasis on the system known as neo-oralism. Educational services available to children at the preschool, elementary, secondary, and postsecondary levels are described. Changes from the traditional pure oral method to neo-oralism are outlined. Components include active participation of the child, use of fingerspelling with very young children, and the concentric speech method. Implications for education of the deaf in the United States are discussed.
One new comprehensive heat dissipation method and research for its realization

The traditional heat dissipation methods for base station outdoor cabinets include direct ventilation, heat exchangers, air conditioners, etc. The independent heat dissipation methods have problems such as limited temperature range and poor heat dissipation effect. The system control effect of a new integrated heat dissipation method described in this paper is better than that of the unilateral direct ventilation or air conditioning heat dissipation method, and the maintenance of components such as air conditioners is reduced, and the service life of the air conditioner is increased. After cost comparison, the new integrated cooling system CAPEX may be slightly higher, but OPEX has dropped significantly; energy consumption has also decreased obviously.
Does Stigma Toward Anal Sexuality Impede HIV Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States? A Structural Equation Modeling Assessment.

Abstract Introduction Men who have sex with men (MSM) are suboptimally engaged in efficacious HIV interventions, due in part to stigma. Aim We sought to validate the Anal Health Stigma Model, developed based on theory and prior qualitative data, by testing the magnitude of associations between measures of anal sex stigma and engagement in HIV prevention practices, while adjusting for covariates. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 1,263 cisgender MSM living in the United States and analyzed data with structural equation modeling. We tested a direct path from Anal Sex Stigma to Engagement in HIV Prevention alongside 2 indirect paths, 1 through Anal Sex Concerns and another through Comfort Discussing Anal Sexuality with Health Workers. The model adjusted for Social Support, Everyday Discrimination, and Sociodemographics. Main Outcome Measure Engagement in HIV Prevention comprised an ad hoc measure of (i) lifetime exposure to a behavioral intervention, (ii) current adherence to biomedical intervention, and (iii) consistent use of a prevention strategy during recent penile-anal intercourse. Results In the final model, anal sex stigma was associated with less engagement (β = −0.22, P Clinical Implications Higher stigma toward anal sexuality is associated with less engagement in HIV prevention, largely due to discomfort discussing anal sex practices with health workers. Strength & Limitations Adjustment for mediation in a cross-sectional design cannot establish temporal causality. Self-report is vulnerable to social desirability and recall bias. Online samples may not represent cisgender MSM in general. However, findings place HIV- and health-related behaviors within a social and relational context and may suggest points for intervention in health-care settings. Conclusion Providers' willingness to engage in discussion about anal sexuality, for example, by responding to questions related to sexual well-being, may function as social support and thereby bolster comfort and improve engagement in HIV prevention. Kutner BA, Simoni JM, King KM, et al. Does Stigma Toward Anal Sexuality Impede HIV Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States? A Structural Equation Modeling Assessment. J Sex Med 2020;17:477–490.
Deep learning for classification of breast cancer in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging (Conference Presentation)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is being investigated as an intraoperative margin assessment tool for breast cancer. In this work, we developed a customized deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for classification of breast cancer in OCT images. Images were acquired with a custom ultrahigh-resolution OCT system and a standard resolution system. We classify healthy tissues such as stroma and adipose tissue, as well as diseased tissue including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Future work involves increasing representation from different kinds of tumors such as mucinous carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, and phyllodes tumors.
Radiation shielding analysis of the concrete hutch of a long beamline of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade project

Abstract The radiation shielding analysis of the external concrete enclosure of a feature long beamline of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade project is described in this work. The beamline has 2 undulators that can operate in two different configurations and the source terms are estimated for the worst configuration using the SRW code in the OASYS package as well as the STAC8 code. The shielding analysis is carried out using the STAC8 code, and for the case of pink beam, with the FLUKA code also. Effective dose rates on contact with the outside surface of the concrete walls for pink, reflected full spectrum and monochromatic beams are calculated. For the monochromatic beams, 2 sets of discrete bandwidths (BW) from the Double Crystal Monochromator (DCM) and the full reflectance of the Double Multilayer Monochromator (DMM) are used. Further, due to the size of the direct beam and the energy domain of interest in the direct and scattered fields, the importance of the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye is discussed with respect to the shielding calculations of such facilities. The dose rates outside the concrete hutch in the lateral directions calculated using STAC8 is about 50% higher than the FLUKA results for the case of pink beam but may be considered as a reasonable agreement due to the differences in the calculational methodologies. Those dose rates in the lateral and forward directions are higher for the pink beam to allow full occupancy from the radiation protection point of view. For the full spectrum after 3 reflections, the effective dose rates are less than 0.5 μ Sv/h in the lateral direction but is higher in the forward region below about 22° with respect to the beam direction. For the DCM beams, except for the scenario with one mirror and 0.1%BW, all dose rates are less than 0.5 μ Sv/h outside the concrete hutch in the lateral directions. Here, the higher harmonics are what contributes to the dose outside the shield and the bandwidths assumed to derive the photon flux thus becomes important. The dose rates with the DMM are generally lower compared to the 0.1% BW DCM beam but are higher than the results obtained with XOP calculated bandwidths.
Establishment of an Immortalized Endometriotic Stromal Cell Line from Human Ovarian Endometrioma

Endometrial-like stromal cells, one of the main components of endometriotic lesions, are an important in vitro model for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with lesion development in endometriosis. However, the short life span of primary endometriotic stromal cells (Ec-ESCs) limits their use. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) plasmids can be used to develop immortalized cell lines. Here we aimed to establish an endometriotic stromal cell line by hTERT immortalization. Primary Ec-ESCs were obtained from a human ovarian endometriotic cyst. The purity was assessed by morphology and the expression of vimentin, cytokeratin, and human interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 1 (hIFITM1). Cells were infected with hTERT lentiviral vector and selected with hygromycin. hTERT mRNA levels were confirmed by RT-qPCR. Immortalized Ec-ESCs (iEc-ESCs) were characterized by examining the expression of morphological markers and key genes of interest, TP53, estrogen receptor β (ERβ), progesterone receptor (PR), and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). Karyotyping and in vitro decidualization studies were also performed. Ec-ESCs were positive for vimentin and hIFITM1 and negative for cytokeratin, indicating that they were representative of Ec-ESC. The fibroblast-like morphology, expression of TP53, ERβ, PR, and SF-1 did not change before and after hTERT immortalization. iEc-ESCs showed an impaired decidualization response like primary Ec-ESCs when compared to normal eutopic stromal cells. Karyotyping showed that 15/19 cells had normal female karyotype, while 4/19 cells had partial trisomy 11q. Collectively, we successfully established and characterized an immortalized endometriotic stromal cell line. It is potentially useful as an in vitro experimental model to investigate endometriosis biology.
Breathing new life into postmortem analysis: Identification of key failure modes for conventional petroleum segments offshore New Zealand

Abstract Technically rigorous, systematic, and consistent postmortem analysis of dry holes is necessary to improve future exploration performance. Here, we identify the key failure modes for three segments in conventional petroleum prospects using a previously developed decision tree. The failed segments were tested by wells Whio-1 and Kanuka-1 in the Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand. Using comprehensive geological, geophysical and geochemical data from the wells, we determined that the segments failed due to lack of petroleum migration (segment M2A in well Whio-1 and segment Mt. Messenger in well Kanuka-1) and due to unfavorable timing of petroleum migration (segment Mangahewa in well Whio-1). These failure modes are broadly aligned with those determined by the operators of these wells. However, the use of decision tree results in more consistent and less vague definitions of failure modes.
Needs and Coping Behaviors of Youth in the U.S. During COVID-19.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to determine the needs, emotions, and coping behaviors of U.S. youth during COVID-19. Methods Two open-ended questions were posed to 1,174 MyVoice youth, aged 14–24 years, on March 20, 2020, regarding their needs and coping strategies during COVID-19. Qualitative responses were coded using thematic analysis and data were summarized with descriptive statistics. Results The average age of the 950 respondents (RR = 80.9%) was 18.9 ± 2.8 years with 52.1% female and 63.8% white. While 32.6% of participants felt resources were readily available, 35.2% felt resources were difficult to access or unavailable. Participants also described both emotional responses (27.4%) and coping strategies (69.8%). Most emotional responses were negative, including symptoms of anxiety or depression. Commonly reported coping strategies included staying connected and maintaining positivity. Conclusions A significant portion of U.S. youth are experiencing unmet needs and negative emotions due to COVID-19 suggesting additional youth outreach is necessary to ensure basic needs, including socialization, are met.
SMIILE: Smart Module Integration for IoT Programming Logic and Environment

Internet of Things (IoT) aims to build a smart environment by using various smart devices, including servers, mobile devices, and sensors to enhance people's life. Understanding how to use different hardware and software components—programming languages, libraries, tools, and configuration setups—is required to build IoT applications due to the heterogeneity of IoT devices. As a result, building IoT applications can add unnecessary burdens to developers because they need to focus not only on the application logic that meets clients' requirements but also on the details of implementing and configuring the services. In this paper, we propose SMIILE, Smart Module Integration for IoT Logic and Environment, to address this issue. In this programming model, IoT developers use the SMIILE language to describe their application logic and prescribe the programming configuration. Then the SMIILE compiler analyzes the description and prescription to generate deployable configuration and source code files and the documentation necessary to guide IoT programmers in building the applications effectively. In our deployment model, IoT programmers can use SMIILE to supplement their application development process by customizing the libraries to meet their needs or incorporating the SMIILE generated code into their programming environment.
PrivacyCheck v2: A Tool that Recaps Privacy Policies for You

Despite the efforts to regulate privacy policies to protect user privacy, these policies remain lengthy and hard to comprehend. Powered by machine learning, our publicly available browser extension, PrivacyCheck v2, automatically summarizes any privacy policy by answering 20 questions based upon User Control and the General Data Protection Regulation. Furthermore, PrivacyCheck v2 incorporates a competitor analysis tool that highlights the top competitors with the best privacy policies in the same market sector. PrivacyCheck v2 enhances the users' understanding of privacy policies and empowers them to make informed decisions when it comes to selecting services with better privacy policies.
Critical Sociocultural Lens

In this chapter, we describe how an interconnected critical and sociocultural lens may uniquely capture the dynamic impact of the literacies and languaging research explored in the previous chapters. Then, we consider how raciolinguistic perspectives on Bourdieu’s reflexive sociology may be one critical sociocultural approach to elucidate the robust, beautiful, and complicated lived experiences of our four testamonalistas. In particular, we describe how racialized bi/multilinguals are positioned as linguistic others through the white listening subject and then apply this understanding to Bourdieu’s thinking tools of capital, habitus, fields, doxa, and extraordinary discourse. Finally, we describe how we transition from tracing the roots of the literacy and language fields to approach potentially transformative research through testimonios as a process and a product.
Zγ production at NNLO including anomalous couplings

In this paper we present a next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD calculation of the processes pp → l+l−γ and $$ pp\to \nu \overline{\nu}\gamma $$ that we have implemented in MCFM. Our calculation includes QCD corrections at NNLO both for the Standard Model (SM) and additionally in the presence of Zγγ and ZZγ anomalous couplings. We compare our implementation, obtained using the jettiness slicing approach, with a previous SM calculation and find broad agreement. Focusing on the sensitivity of our results to the slicing parameter, we show that using our setup we are able to compute NNLO cross sections with numerical uncertainties of about 0.1%, which is small compared to residual scale uncertainties of a few percent. We study potential improvements using two different jettiness definitions and the inclusion of power corrections. At $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV we present phenomenological results and consider Zγ as a background to H → Zγ production. We find that, with typical cuts, the inclusion of NNLO corrections represents a small effect and loosens the extraction of limits on anomalous couplings by about 10%.
Identifying dark personality profiles in working adults

Abstract The interactions among the dark personality traits have drawn relatively less research attention compared to the extant literature focusing on the relationships between individual dark personality traits and other constructs. The present study used a person-centered approach, latent profile analysis, to examine the interactions of the dark tetrad personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism). A sample of 373 working adults responded to the four measures of dark personality at Time 1 and deviant workplace outcomes at Time 2. Three profiles emerged: Low Trait, Moderate Trait, and High Sadism. Profiles were validated using a mixture model with auxiliary variables, which showed that the profiles were differentially related to different forms of dysfunctional workplace behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Covid-19 with Pre-Existing Neurological Disease

Objective: COVID-19 has varying impact on different groups of people based on age, gender, race and comorbidities. Although the implications of COVID-19 on chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular disease have been extensively studied, the impact on neurological disease remains unclear. We attempt to identify the outcome and challenges of COVID-19 in patients with chronic neurological conditions. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 studies and 11,011 patients to compare composite poor outcome and mortality between patients with and without neurological comorbidities. We also analyzed the different clinical presentations and outcome of COVID-19 in different neurological conditions. Results: We found a markedly higher incidence of composite poor outcome (Odds Ratio: 5.57, 95% CI: 3.81-8.12, P = 0.02) and a higher mortality (Odds Ratio: 6.47, 95% CI: 3.94 - 10.63, P = 0.008) among patients with pre-existing neurological disease, and no significantly different outcomes between patients with cerebrovascular disease and dementia. Linear Meta-regression analysis revealed that the impact of chronic neurological disease on COVID-19 was independent of chronic cardiovascular disease (P=0.406), hypertension (P=0.458), diabetes mellitus (P=0.512), COPD (P=0.281), and advanced age (p=0.066). Conclusion: Patients with chronic neurological disease seem to develop moderate/severe COVID-19 more frequently, and have an increased mortality rate, independent of other comorbidities. They also show atypical clinical presentation in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Advanced age, cognitive dysfunction, immunosuppression, and respiratory muscle weakness might be responsible for the adverse COVID-19 outcomes in these patients.
Personality dynamics in the workplace: An overview of emerging literatures and future research needs

Abstract Personality is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the psychology of work behavior. Traditional perspectives on personality in the workplace emphasize its stable, dispositional quality in differentiating reliably among workers, predicting valued behavior, and accounting for the continuity of self-identity. The current chapter aims to advance the understanding and utility of personality in organizational settings from the perspective of personality dynamics. Following definitional development, representative theories and empirical findings bearing on personality dynamics in the workplace are summarized under (1) dispositional change, (2) person-situation interactions and situational specificity, (3) personality states, (4) personality and career development, and (5) self-regulation approaches to work motivation. Contributions of personality dynamics to the science of work behavior are identified in light of a proposed model emphasizing behavioral evaluation. We close by articulating research needs serving continued development of personality dynamics at work.
Predictors of atrial fibrillation on implantable cardiac monitoring for cryptogenic stroke.

Since the CRYSTAL-AF trial, implantation and usage of implantable loop recorder (ICM) after cryptogenic stroke (CS) for detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) has increased. However, it is unclear which CS patients would most benefit from long term ICM monitoring. This study aims to determine the risk factors in patients that would confer maximum benefit from ICM placement following CS. A Columbia University Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved retrospective analysis of medical records of 125 patients with CS followed by implantation of ICM was evaluated. Univariable and multivariable time-to-event analyses were performed on demographics, hours of activity and variability (HRV), stroke location, thrombosis etiology, and CHA2DS2 − VASc score. The primary outcome was presence of ICM-detected AF defined as AF lasting at least 2 min. One hundred twenty-five patients (mean 67.6 years ± 2.4 years, 60% male) were followed for at least 3 months. Twenty-two patients (18%) were found to have clinically verified detected AF; median of time to detection was 95 days. Upon univariable demographic analysis followed by multivariable Cox regression analysis, individuals with age 75 or older (HR: 3.987, p = 0.0046) or LVEF 40% and lower (HR: 3.056, p = 0.0213) had significantly higher risk of AF. Diabetics also had a lower AF detection in multivariable analysis (HR: 0.128, p = 0.0466). Age 75 or older and LVEF ≤40% were the factors on multivariable analysis that predicted AF detection. Diabetes is a possible significant factor which should be evaluated further. CHA2DS2 − VASc score was notably not predictive of AF detected on ICM.