cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of calcitriol and phosphorus therapy on the growth of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia.

Patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets exhibit clinically evident derangements that include bowed legs and short stature. Although contemporary treatment may result in healing of the rachitic/osteomalacic disorder and straightening of the lower extremities, therapy often does not stimulate growth. Whether such persistent short stature is related to the variable physical manifestations of the disease, the baseline biochemistries, and/or the biochemical response to treatment remains unknown. Therefore, we studied 12 children with X-linked hypophosphatemia to determine if their growth response to calcitriol/phosphorus therapy was dependent upon anthropomorphic characteristics and/or the pre- and posttreatment biochemistries. We observed that growth responsive and resistant youths exhibited similar serum calcium, phosphorus, and creatinine levels at presentation and during therapy. In addition, sexual development was indistinguishable in both groups and growth kinetics appeared independent of physica...
Modelling solar UV irradiance variability

Abstract Empirical models which can provide physical insights to the origins of solar UV irradiance variations are discussed. Calculations using the WDC/NOAA plage records and independently measured UV plage contrasts show that bright, contiguous active regions cause much of the observed variability in the full disc UV irradiances over time scales of solar rotation (≈ 27 days) and active region evolution (≈ 4 to 9 months), but can account for only about half variability observed over the 11-year solar cycle. This is demonstrated for the HI Lyman α emission, the 205 nm emission and also for the spectrally integrated facular emission which causes variations in the total radiative output. These results confirm the need for an additional irradiance component whose magnitude is at least as great as that associated with variations in active region emission alone, and which affects the solar atmosphere from the base of the photosphere to heights beyond the chromosphere on an 11-year time scale. Possible scenarios for this additional irradiance component are considered.
Differences between conventional and glyphosate tolerant soybeans and moisture effect in their discrimination by near infrared spectroscopy

Previous studies showed that Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) could distinguish between Roundup Ready® (RR) and conventional soybeans at the bulk and single seed sample level, but it was not clear which compounds drove the classification. In this research the varieties used did not show significant differences in major compounds between RR and conventional beans, but moisture content had a big impact on classification accuracies. Four of the five RR samples had slightly higher moistures and had a higher water uptake than their conventional counterparts. This could be linked with differences in their hulls, being either compositional or morphological. Because water absorption occurs in the same region as main compounds in hulls (mainly carbohydrates) and water causes physical changes from swelling, variations in moisture cause a complex interaction resulting in a large impact on discrimination accuracies.
A UV spectroscopic study of DMZn and DMCd chemisorbed on quartz surfaces

Abstract The ultraviolet (UV) transmission spectra of dimethylzinc (DMZn) and dimethylcadmium (DMCd) chemisorbed on quartz surfaces have been measured between 190 and 290 nm. Using chemisorption spectra obtained after different thermal pretreatments of the SiO 2 substrate, it is shown that the surface hydroxyl groups play a crucial role in the chemisorption of DMZn and DMCd molecules at 300 K. Spectral changes due to thermal effects and low-power, 248 and 193 nm excimer-laser irradiation are compared and the differences are discussed.
The Eatwell‐Milgate‐Newman Dictionary Enlightenment or Ideology? Part II: Assessment

Arthur Seldon continues his appraisal of the four million-word‘New Palgrave’Dictionary of Economics, potentially the most influential book of reference for students, teachers, and consumers of economics in industry and government.
Transitional Flow on Axial Turbomachine Blading

Correlations of data from constant-pressure flows are shown to seriously overestimate the transition length on axial turbomachine blades in regions of positive pressure gradient. The differences largely can be ascribed to the influence of the pressure gradient on the mechanism of laminar-turbu lent transition. A hypothesis of continuous breakdown of laminar instability waves, together with an estimate of the dominant disturbance frequency, is introduced to model the minimum possible length of transitional flow in terms of local boundarylayer parameters. This model should be preferable to a point transition assumption for predicting turbomachine blade flows. In practice, the transition length most probably will lie between the predictions of the minimum length model and those of constant-pres sure flow correlations.
Quantitative determination of the glutathione, cysteine, and N-acetyl cysteine conjugates of acetaminophen by high-pressure liquid chromatography

Abstract A quantitative method for the estimation of the glutathione, cysteine, and N -acetyl cysteine conjugates of acetaminophen obtained from microsomal incubations has been developed using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). As little as 5 ng of the thiol conjugates of [ring- 14 C]acetaminophen can be measured with good precision from microsomal incubations with minimal sample preparation. High-pressure liquid chromatography offers distinct advantages over the standard separation techniques of thin-layer, paper, or gel filtration chromatography for the separation and quantitation of the polar thiol metabolites of acetaminophen.
Behavioral effects and benzodiazepine antagonist activity of Ro 15-1788 (flumazepil) in pigeons.

Abstract The selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, Ro 15–1788, produced behavioral effects in pigeons at doses at least 100 times lower than those previously reported to possess intrinsic pharmacological activity in mammals. In contrast to its effects in mammalian species, in pigeons, Ro 15–1788 does not exhibit partial agonist activity. Keypeck responses of pigeons were studied under a multiple fixed-interval 3-min, fixed-interval 3-min schedule in which the first response after 3-min produced food in the presence of red or white keylights. In addition, every 30th response during the red keylight produced a brief electric shock (punishment). Under control conditions, punished responding was suppressed to 30% of unpunished response levels. Ro 15–1788 (0.01 mg/kg, i.m.) increased unpunished response rates by 33% without affecting rates of punished responding. Doses of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg Ro 15–1788 produced dose-related decreases in both punished and unpunished responding. As in characteristic of other benzodiazepines, midazolam (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, i.m.) markedly increased punished responding but had little effect on rates of unpunished responding. Ro 15–1788 antagonized the increases in punished responding and also reversed the rate-decreasing effects of higher doses of midozolam. However, the effectiveness of Ro 15–1788 as a benzodiazepine antagonist was limited by its intrinsic activity: rate-decreasing doses of Ro 15–1788 were unable to completely reverse behavioral effects of midozolam. Midazolam was an effective antagonist of the behavioral effects of Ro 15–1788 (up to 0.1 mg/kg) but midazolam did not influence the rate-decreasing effects of 1.0 mg/kg Ro 15–1788 across a 100-fold dose range. In the pigeon, the behavioral effects of relatively low doses of Ro 15–1788 (0.01–0.1 mg/kg) appear to be related to benzodiazepine receptor mechanisms, whereas other systems appear to be involved in the effects of higher doses.
STAT3 REVS UP THE POWERHOUSE

Tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) promotes their dimerization and ability to bind target genes in the nucleus. However, evidence shows that one member of the STAT family, STAT3, has an additional property independent of its classical role in the nucleus. STAT3 modifed by serine phosphorylation augmented oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and supported cellular transformation by oncogenic Ras.
Iterative Local ANFIS-Based Human Welder Intelligence Modeling and Control in Pipe GTAW Process: A Data-Driven Approach

Combining human welder (with intelligence and versatility) and automated welding systems (with precision and consistency) can lead to intelligent welding systems. This paper aims to present a data-driven approach to model human welder intelligence and use the resultant model to control automated gas tungsten arc welding process. To this end, an innovative machine–human cooperative virtualized welding platform is teleoperated to conduct training experiments. The welding current is randomly changed to generate fluctuating weld pool surface and the human welder tries to adjust his arm movement (welding speed) based on his observation on the real-time weld pool feedback/image superimposed with an auxiliary visual signal which instructs the welder to increase/reduce the speed. Linear model is first identified from the experimental data to correlate welder's adjustment on the welding speed to the 3-D weld pool surface and a global adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model is then proposed to improve the model accuracy. To better distill the detailed behavior of the human welder, K -means clustering is performed on the input space such that a local ANFIS model is identified. To further improve the accuracy, an iterative procedure has been performed. Compared to the linear, global and local ANFIS model, the iterative local ANFIS model provides better modeling performance and reveals more detailed intelligence human welders possess. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model as an effective intelligent controller, automated control experiments have been conducted. Experimental results verified that the controller is robust under different welding currents and welding speed disturbance.
Power system stabilizers design using optimal reduced order models. I. Model reduction

The authors examine the design of power system stabilizers using an optimal reduced order model whose state variables are torque angles and speeds. It is shown that well-known model reduction techniques can give erroneous results. An algorithm to obtain optimal reduced-order models to deal with these problems is developed. The reduced order model retains the modes that mostly affect some desired variables (which are usually the available or measurable variables). Here, these variables are torque angles and angular frequencies. Optimization of a steady-state error criterion is utilized to compensate for the other modes instead of simple omission or the neglection of dynamics. >
Calcium-dependent asymmetric movement of 3H-indole-3-acetic acid across gravistimulated isolated root caps of maize

There is evidence that the cap is the initial site of lateral auxin redistribution during the gravitropic response of roots. We tested this further by comparing asymmetric auxin redistribution across the tips of gravistimulated intact roots, decapped roots, isolated root caps and isolated apical sections taken from decapped roots. Gravistimulation caused asymmetric (downward) auxin movement across the tips of intact roots and isolated root caps but not across the tips of decapped roots or across isolated apical root segments. Naphthylphthalamic acid and pyrenoylbenzoic acid, inhibitors of polar auxin transport, inhibited asymmetric auxin redistribution across gravistimulated isolated root caps and across the tips of gravistimulated intact roots. For intact roots there was a positive correlation between the extent of inhibition of assymmetric auxin redistribution by polar auxin transport inhibitors and the extent of inhibition of asymmetric calcium chelating agent, ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid, also caused parallel inhibition of asymmetric auxin redistribution and gravitropic curvature and this effect was reversed by subsequent treatment with calcium. The results support the hypothesis that the cap is a site of early development of auxin asymmetry in gravistimulated roots and that calcium plays an important role in the development of lateral auxin redistribution.
Pensée 4: Striking New State–Society Bargains over the Internet

Not long ago a MESA Bulletin reader objected to introducing coverage of the Internet, saying that there were few Middle East studies online. However, you do find Middle Easterners. With increasingly accessible technology, there are thousands of websites that are added to listservs and now supplemented by blogs from, by, and about Middle Easterners. The trend has been from witness to participant. Yet the subjective register of the Internet in Middle East and North Africa is often a new example of exceptionalism: less free than in the West, less extensive than in the Far East, slow to grow and stunted when it does, with limited access and high costs that confine it demographically and culturally, not to mention politically. That is also what most comparative measures tell, but those do not measure what is happening. Early interest a decade ago has subsequently faded—or phased—into something more interesting than another story of absences.
Quantifying soil variability in GIS applications: II Spatial distribution of soil properties

Abstract Application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to environmental problems requires a spatial delineation of soil properties and some a priori knowledge of their variability. In the U.S.A. estimated soil properties are available from soil surveys published by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. However, information on the extent and nature of their variability is generally lacking. To remedy the situation, variability of selected soil properties measured at farm and watershed scales was compared with published values using geostatistical methods. Results showed that the variability of bulk density and hydraulic conductivity can be estimated by comparing regularized variograms of measured and published values. An overlay method was proposed that combines measured and published delineations of soil properties into an overlay with the properties of both. The technique makes it possible to incorporate variability into a GIS analysis using data available from published soil surveys.
A radiation-induced breast cancer.

A case of radiation-induced breast cancer is reported in a woman who had been fluoroscoped repeatedly for control of therapeutically induced pneumothorax over 40 years before. The more superficial breast tissue probably received about 2400 R. Data on prevalence of breast cancer in various population groups support the conclusion that human mammary tissue appears to be only slightly susceptible to radiation carcinogenesis.
Surgical outcome for patients with the mitral stenosis-aortic atresia variant of hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Objective We sought to identify and characterize a subgroup of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who might be at higher risk for stage I failure. Methods From January 2001 through December 2006, all patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent stage I palliation at Children's Hospital Boston were retrospectively reviewed. The subgroup with the mitral stenosis–aortic atresia variant was studied separately. We evaluated preoperative echocardiographic data, operative characteristics, and postoperative factors associated with death or the need for transplantation. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to assess survival. Results Thirty-eight (23%) of 165 patients had mitral stenosis–aortic atresia. Hospital mortality or need for transplantation for patients with mitral stenosis–aortic atresia was significantly higher than for other anatomic subgroups (29% vs 7.9%, P = .002). Left ventricle–subepicardial coronary artery communications were present in 20 (53%) patients with mitral stenosis–aortic atresia and were associated with a significantly higher hospital mortality (50% vs 6%, P = .004). No difference in outcome was demonstrated between different sources of pulmonary blood flow. A longer cardiopulmonary bypass time ( P = .02) and the need for postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support ( P Conclusions With improved outcomes in the management of neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, those with the mitral stenosis–aortic atresia variant and left ventricle–subepicardial coronary artery fistulae have emerged as a higher-risk subgroup for failure of stage I palliation. Further investigation is required, and a change in clinical management strategy for this particular subgroup might be warranted.
Glycoprotein Ibα and von Willebrand factor in primary platelet adhesion and thrombus formation: Lessons from mutant mice

The von Willebrand factor (VWF) receptor complex, glycoprotein (GP)Ib-V-IX, and its main ligand VWF play a key role in the adhesion process of platelets to sites of vascular injury. Recent studies in mutant mice have shed new light on the importance of either molecule for the development of arterial and venous thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the most important aspects from these studies.
HIV risk factors, HIV antibody testing, and AIDS knowledge among African Americans age 55 years and older.

ABSTRACT This study uses data from the 1992 AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey to assess AIDS knowledge, prevalence of HIV testing, and HIV risk factors among 745 African Americans age 55 years and older. The results revealed that only one of the six respondents who reported an HIV risk factor had been tested for HIV. Overall, the respondents were very knowledgeable about the major modes of transmission, but they still had misconceptions about the likelihood of transmission through casual contact. Prevention programs aimed at African Americans age 55 years and older should focus on dispelling misconceptions about the transmission of HIV through casual contact, and enhancing their knowledge about the effectiveness of condoms in preventing the spread of AIDS.
On Minimization of Fuzzy Functions

The study of fuzziness in combinational switching systems by means of a suitable fuzzy algebra is discussed. The insufficiency of the methods for simplification of fuzzy functions as presented by Lee and Chang [9] and by Siy and Chen [10] is discussed. A new technique for minimization of fuzzy functions is developed. Special properties of fuzzy functions are discussed and their relationships to two-valued logic are investigated.
Surface Plasmon-Driven Water Reduction: Gold Nanoparticle Size Matters

Water reduction under two different visible-light ranges (λ > 400 nm and λ > 435 nm) was investigated in gold-loaded titanium dioxide (Au-TiO2) heterostructures with different sizes of Au nanoparticles (NPs). Our study clearly demonstrates the essential role played by Au NP size in plasmon-driven H2O reduction and reveals two distinct mechanisms to clarify visible-light photocatalytic activity under different excitation conditions. The size of the Au NP governs the efficiency of plasmon-mediated electron transfer and plays a critical role in determining the reduction potentials of the electrons transferred to the TiO2 conduction band. Our discovery provides a facile method of manipulating photocatalytic activity simply by varying the Au NP size and is expected to greatly facilitate the design of suitable plasmonic photocatalysts for solar-to-fuel energy conversion.
Thermal structure of Uranus' atmosphere.

Abstract Application of a radiative–convective equilibrium model to the thermal structure of Uranus'atmosphere evaluates the role of hazes in the planet's stratospheric energy budget and places a lower limit on the internal energy flux. The model is constrained by Voyager and post-Voyager observations of the vertical aerosol and radiatively active gas profiles. Our baseline model generally reproduces the observed tropospheric and stratospheric temperature profile. However, as in past studies, the model stratosphere from about 10 −3 to 10 −1 bar is too cold. We find that the observed stratospheric hazes do not warm this region appreciably and that any postulated hazes capable of warming the stratosphere sufficiently are inconsistent with Voyager and ground-based constraints. We explore the roles played by the stratospheric methane abundance, the H 2 pressure-induced opacity, photochemical hazes, and C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 6 in controlling the temperature structure in this region. Assuming a vertical methane abundance profile consistent with that found by the Voyager UVS occultation observations, the model upper stratosphere, from 10 to 100μbar, is also too cold. Radiation in the 7.8-μm band from a small abundance of hot methane in the lower thermosphere absorbed in this region can warm the atmosphere and bring models into closer agreement with observations. Finally, we find that internal heat fluxes ⋦60 erg cm −2 sec −1 are inconsistent with the observed tropospheric temperature profile.
On Ebenman's model for the dynamics of a population with competing juveniles and adults

A general version of a model of Ebenman for the dynamics of a population consisting of competing juveniles and adults is analyzed using methods of bifurcation theory. A very general existence results is obtained for non-trivial equilibria and non-negative synchronous two-cycles that bifurcate simultaneously at the critical valuer=1 of the inherent net reproductive rater. Stability is studied in this general setting near the bifurcation point and conditions are derived that determine which of these two bifurcating branches is the stable branch. These general results are supplemented by numerical studies of the asymptotic dynamics over wider parameter ranges where various other bifurcations and stable attractors are found. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to the effects on stability that age class competition within a population can have and whether such competition is stabilizing or destabilizing.
Pick Up a Book or “Google It?” A Survey of Radiologist and Trainee-Preferred References and Resources

The purpose of this study was to investigate radiologist and trainee-preferred sources for solving imaging questions. The institutional review board determined this study to be exempt from informed consent requirements. Web-based surveys were distributed to radiology staff and trainees at 16 academic institutions. Surveys queried ownership and use of tablet computers and habits of utilization of various electronic and hardcopy resources for general reference. For investigating specific cases, respondents identified a single primary resource. Comparisons were performed using Fisher’s exact test. For staff, use of Google and online journals was nearly universal for general imaging questions (93 [103/111] and 94 % [104/111], respectively). For trainees, Google and resident-generated study materials were commonly utilized for such questions (82 [111/135] and 74 % [100/135], respectively). For specific imaging questions, online journals and PubMed were rarely chosen as a primary resource; the most common primary resources were STATdx for trainees and Google for staff (44 [55/126] and 52 % [51/99], respectively). Use of hard copy journals was nearly absent among trainees. Sixty percent of trainees (78/130) own a tablet computer versus 41 % of staff (46/111; p = 0.005), and 71 % (55/78) of those trainees reported at least weekly use of radiology-specific tablet applications, compared to 48 % (22/46) of staff (p < 0.001). Staff radiologists rely heavily on Google for both general and specific imaging queries, while residents utilize customized, radiology-focused products and apps. Interestingly, residents note continued use of hard copy books but have replaced hard copy journals with online resources.
Specific binding of rat liver nuclear proteins to DNA.

A method is described for the isolation and detection of a fraction of non-histone rat liver chromatin proteins which can specifically bind to rat liver DNA.
Hybrid Lewis acid/hydrogen-bond donor receptor for fluoride.

To verify if hydrogen-bond donor groups can assist fluoride binding at the boron center of triaryl boranes, o-(dimesitylboryl)trifluoroacetanilide has been synthesized. Reaction of this new borane with [n-Bu4N][F] in acetone affords the corresponding fluoroborate complex whose stability constant exceeds that of [Mes3BF]- by at least 2 orders of magnitude. Presumably, the higher fluoride affinity of o-(dimesitylboryl)trifluoroacetanilide results from the cooperativity of the Lewis acidic boron center and the hydrogen-bond donor trifluoroacetamide group.
Angle-resolved x-ray-photoemission study of the surface disordering of Pb(100).

The temperature-dependent forward scattering of the 4{ital f}{sub 7/2} core-level electrons is studied for the (001) and (011) azimuths of Pb(100) using x-ray photoelectron diffraction. Below about 550 K, the decrease in the forward-scattered intensity is attributed to the Debye-Waller effect. Above this temperature, additional attenuation is observed and is attributed to surface disorder. The rate of attenuation dramatically increases above approximately 585 K, and evidence for logarithmic divergence of the thickness of the disordered layer is seen, along with a slight anisotropy that favors disordering along the (011) azimuth. Through analysis of the (001) azimuth, we estimate the disordered layer thickness to be about 4--5 monolayers at 599 K.
Tetanus in the emergency department: A current review

Despite the availability of effective immunization to prevent tetanus, there are still up to one million cases per year worldwide. Although the majority of tetanus cases occur in third world countries, there are still significant numbers of cases occurring in countries such as the United States, where preventive immunization is easily accessible. The Emergency Physician has the opportunity to contribute to the decline of the incidence of tetanus through knowledge of those at greatest risk for inadequate immunization and through providing proper wound care and immunization prophylaxis.
Real Time Detection of Microcracks in Brittle Materials Using Stress Wave Emission (SWE)

Stress wave emission (SWE) is defined as the elastic waves released within a material as a result of crack propagation due to the application of stress. A SWE in a brittle material is a relatively low-amplitude stress wave that is caused by the release of energy by microstructural events. This type of a phenomenon is best described by the "Griffith Theory of Solids." Since the SWE's are generally thought of as step or delta functions due to the nature of the generating source, their frequency spectrum is very broad. A series of experiments in SWE were conducted to determine the characteristics of the emissions, the instrumentation requirements, and to better understand the phenomenon for its application to brittle materials (glass and ceramic (Al 2 0 3 ) thin film substrates). It was found that the detected SWE's released have a frequency spectrum very much like acoustic white noise over the frequency range of 0.1 kHz to approximately 100 MHz. The detection of SWEs in ceramic substrates was accomplished using a broadband 700 kHz piezoelectric transducer whose output amplified and filtered signal indicated the presence of a substrate microcrack. In order to distinguish true signals from faulty ones, a simple likelihood ratio detector was devised, where its threshold was previously experimentally determined.
Massively parallel synthetic promoter assays reveal the in vivo effects of binding site variants

Gene promoters typically contain multiple transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), which may vary in affinity for their cognate transcription factors (TFs). One major challenge in studying cis-regulation is to understand how TFBS variants affect gene expression. We studied the in vivo effects of TFBS variants on cis-regulation using synthetic promoters coupled with a thermodynamic model of TF binding. We measured expression driven by each promoter with RNA-seq of transcribed sequence barcodes. This allowed reporter genes to be highly multiplexed and increased our statistical power to detect the effects of TFBS variants. We analyzed the effects of TFBS variants using a thermodynamic framework that models both TF-DNA interactions and TF-TF interactions. We found that this system accurately estimates the in vivo relative affinities of TFBSs and predicts unexpected interactions between several TFBSs. Our results reveal that binding site variants can have complex effects on gene expression due to differences in TFBS affinity for cognate TFs and differences in TFBS specificity for noncognate TFs.
THE SLA RNA GENE OF TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI IS ORGANIZED IN A TANDEM ARRAY WHICH ENCODES SEVERAL SMALL RNAS

Abstract We have recently identified the Spliced Leader Associated RNA (SLA RNA) which is implicated in pre-messenger RNA splicing in Trypanosoma brucei by virtue of its interaction with the 5′ splice site of the trans spliced spliced leader RNA (SL RNA) in vivo. Southern analyses reveal that the SLA RNA gene is found in a tandem array of 10–11 copies per haploid genome in T. brucei . Each repeat unit in the array encodes three additional small RNAs of unknown function. RNA polymerase inhibition studies are consistent with transcription of all four genes by the same polymerase, but do not clearly differentiate between RNA polymerases II and III. The SLA RNA has homologs in other kinetoplastid protozoa and we have determined the sequence from two additional species, Trypanosoma cruzi and Crithidia fasciculata . Features of both secondary structure and sequence are conserved in these organisms. One conserved element, 5′-UGUAGUG-3′, has the potential to base-pair to the SL RNA upstream of the 5′ splice site. This potential interaction is consistent with the sites of SL RNA to SLA RNA psoralen cross-linking in vivo [1].
Creative hypothesis generating in psychology : Some useful heuristics

To correct a common imbalance in methodology courses, focusing almost entirely on hypothesis-testing issues to the neglect of hypothesis-generating issues which are at least as important, 49 creative heuristics are described, divided into 5 categories and 14 subcategories. Each of these heuristics has often been used to generate hypotheses in psychological research, and each is teachable to students. The 49 heuristics range from common sense perceptiveness of the oddity of natural occurrences to use of sophisticated quantitative data analyses in ways that provoke new insights.
Managing for Joint Venture Success

The article presents a review of the book “Managing for Joint Venture Success,” by Kathryn Rudie Harrigan.
Phenotypic variation in smooth softshell turtles (Apalone mutica) from eggs incubated in constant versus fluctuating temperatures

Temperatures experienced during embryonic development elicit well-documented phenotypic variation in embryonic and neonatal animals. Most research, however, has only considered the effects of constant temperatures, even though developmental temperatures in natural settings fluctuate considerably on a daily and seasonal basis. A laboratory study of 15 clutches of smooth softshell turtles (Apalone mutica) was conducted to explicitly examine the influence of thermal variance on phenotypic variation. Holding mean temperature constant and eliminating substrate moisture effects permitted a clear assessment of the impact of thermal variance on hatching success, incubation length, hatchling body size, swimming speed, and righting time. Incubation length and swimming speed varied significantly among temperature treatments. Both traits tended to increase with increasing thermal variance during embryonic development. Clutch significantly affected all traits examined, except righting time, even after accounting for the effects of initial egg mass. These results highlight the importance of accounting for the impact of both thermal mean and variance on phenotypic variation. The findings also strengthen the increasing recognition of maternal clutch effects as critical factors influencing phenotypic variation in neonatal animals.
Molecular Analysis of Peptostreptococcus micros Isolates From Patients With Periodontitis

Background: Recent studies provide strong evidence implicating Peptostreptococcus micros in the pathogenesis of various oral infections, including oropharyngeal abscesses and periodontal disease. To date, very little is known regarding the role of P. micros in periodontal disease. Therefore, a genetic analysis was initiated to differentiate among strains of P. micros infecting periodontal patients. Methods: Sixty DNA samples of P. micros isolated from 15 patients with periodontal disease were evaluated. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reactions (AP-PCR) were performed using primer 3 (AGTCAGCCAC) and primer 13 (CAGCACCCAC). The PCR products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Results: The primers produced several unique patterns among the strains tested. Primer 3 resulted in 30 different patterns, whereas primer 13 resulted in 31 different patterns, which were distinct from those seen with primer 3. In 8 of 15 patients, the PCR profile was identical for all isolates cultured from that patient, indica...
O6-Methylguanine DNA lesions induce an intra-S-phase arrest from which cells exit into apoptosis governed by early and late multi-pathway signaling network activation.

The O6-methylguanine (O6MeG) DNA lesion is well known for its mutagenic, carcinogenic, and cytotoxic properties, and understanding how a cell processes such damage is of critical importance for improving current cancer therapy. Here we use human cells differing only in their O6MeG DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) or mismatch repair (MMR) status to explore the O6MeG/MMR-dependent molecular and cellular responses to treatment with the methylating agent N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). We find that O6MeG triggers MMR-dependent cell cycle perturbations in both the first and second cell cycle post treatment. At lower levels of damage, we show that a transient arrest in the second S-phase precedes survival and progression into subsequent cell cycles. However, at higher levels of damage, arrest in the second S-phase coincides with a cessation of DNA replication followed by initiation of apoptotic cell death. Further, we show that entry into apoptotic cell death is specifically from S-phase of the second cell cycle. Finally, we demonstrate the key role of an O6MeG/MMR-dependent multi-pathway, multi-time-scale signaling network activation, led by early ATM, H2AX, CHK1, and p53 phosphorylation and followed by greatly amplified late phosphorylation of the early pathway nodes along with activation of the CHK2 kinase and the stress-activated JNK kinase.
Investigation of elutions from a surfactant immobilized solid phase extraction sorbent based upon the hydrophobicity of the trapped species

Abstract A unique solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent having a removable “stationary phase” is presented. This removable phase consists of alkyltrimethylammonium surfactant, which is initially immobilized onto hydrophilic strong cation exchange resin. The surfactant chain through hydrophobic interactions extracts hydrophobic analytes in the same manner as conventional bonded alkyl moieties on silica-based non-polar sorbents. For the extraction of very hydrophobic species with conventional sorbents, solvents such methylene chloride and benzene are needed to break strong hydrophobic interactions for efficient elutions. These solvents however are toxic to the analyst and present a significant environmental concern. Using a removable “stationary phase”, hydrophobic interactions need not be broken between the analyte and the sorbent. In the presented approach, the surfactant (“stationary phase”) is removed via ion exchange with exchange ions in very mild aqueous-based and instrument compatible solutions. The analyte, being associated with the surfactant, is also removed in the process. Very efficient elutions of analytes, regardless of hydrophobicity, under mild and more favorable environmental conditions are a direct benefit of having a removable “stationary phase”. Rinse solution parameters explored include exchange cation type and concentration, and alcohol type and concentration. The extraction of three test molecules of varying hydrophobicity, naphthalene, pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene, is investigated using this sorbent material.
Fault diagnosis and isolation in aircraft gas turbine engines

This paper formulates and validates a novel methodology for diagnosis and isolation of incipient faults in aircraft gas turbine engines. In addition to abrupt large faults, the proposed method is capable of detecting and isolating slowly evolving anomalies (i.e., deviations from the nominal behavior), based on analysis of time series data observed from the instrumentation in engine components. The fault diagnosis and isolation (FDT) algorithm is based upon Symbolic Dynamic Filtering (SDF) that has been recently reported in literature and relies on the principles of Symbolic Dynamics, Statistical Pattern Recognition and Information Theory. Validation of the concept is presented and a real life software architecture is proposed based on the simulation model of a generic two-spool turbofan engine for diagnosis and isolation of incipient faults.
Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Biofeedback

Mindfulness and acceptance practices have become increasing popular and better accepted in Western culture in the recent decades. There now exists a wealth of empirical evidence demonstrating the positive effect of mindfulness meditation on physical and mental health, as well as its ability to influence brain structure and function. Mindfulness and acceptance skills may enhance internal awareness of physiological states, facilitate passive volition, improve learning, memory, and attention, and encourage structural and functional brain changes conducive to lower sympathetic arousal. All of these factors are vital to biofeedback success. This paper will introduce a framework for integrating mindfulness and acceptance skills into biofeedback and provide treatment relevant example of using these skills.
Entangled Objects from the Palestinian Past

Lewis presents all this material culture—the radio, the chairs, the tobacco, the coffee, the clothes the men are wearing—as symbols of the ‘immense and devastating changes’ which came out of the West over the last five centuries to change the Middle East in modern times (1995:3). This analysis marks a dominant interpretation of the recent Middle Eastern past. The recent past encompasses the era of Ottoman imperial rule, roughly the fourteenth through early twentieth centuries. According to the dominant paradigm, after the rule of Suleyman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire falls into decay and decline, becoming the ‘sick man’ of Europe. This image is one of stasis with the only source of change being Western European penetration of the empire. This story line implies that ‘reaction, rejection, and response’
Anthropogenic and Environmental Disturbance Factors in the Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal

Human-environment interactions in the Nepali Himalaya are a topic of increased interest given the importance of the region from a biophysical, hydro-climatic, and socio-economic point of view. In this paper, we discuss a range of anthropogenic and environmental disturbance factors affecting one of the best-known conservation areas in Nepal: the Annapurna region. Similar to other mountainous environments, this region has been experiencing heightened human and natural pressures resulting in environmental degradation from a variety of multiple causal factors, such as deforestation, over-grazing, improper cultivation techniques on poor soils and slopes and haphazard policy and management decisions regarding conservation and tourism. Mountain ranges are very sensitive to environmental changes and even slight alterations and imbalances can result in exponentially detrimental effects not only for the livelihoods of local and regional communities, but also biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We utilize a combination of field-collected data such as ground control points and remotely-sensed imagery and datasets and, acknowledging the variability of the constantly changing landscape, we provide a preliminary quantitative analysis of environmental and socio-economic impacts in the Annapurna Conservation Area to highlight the extent of anthropogenically-induced changes in the region over the last decades.
Robust Design Analysis of a Gas Turbine Component

System quality and reliability are becoming increasingly more important for maintaining market place competitiveness and customer satisfaction. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the application of the Taguchi Method as a straightforward means of improving product quality using simulation based predictions of the operating life of a critical gas turbine component. The method is applied to statistically select a set of creep life simulations that will illuminate a bucket design which is least sensitive to component and operating environment variation. Implications of this method to improving turbine component quality at the design level are discussed. The results of the Taguchi Method are compared to a robust design solution found using the more time consuming, yet more accurate Response Surface Monte Carlo method. Apparent advantages and limitations of the Taguchi method as applied to turbine component design are discussed.© 2003 ASME
“I Would Be a Bulldog”: Tracing the Spillover of Carceral Identity

The socializing power of the prison is routinely discussed as a prisonization process in which inmates learn to conform to life in the correctional facility. However, the impact that identities socialized in the prison may have outside of the institution itself remains an under-researched aspect of mass incarceration’s collateral consequences. In this article, I use ethnographic data collected over 15 months in two juvenile justice facilities and interviews with 24 probation youth to examine how the identities socialized among Latino prison inmates spill over into high-incarceration Latina/o neighborhoods. Strict segregation practices in California’s prison system categorize and separate Latino inmates as coming from either Northern, Southern, or Central California, respectively institutionalizing Norteno, Sureno, and Bulldog collective identities in the process. I argue that these identities have come to frame how criminalized Latina/o youth understand the prison’s influence on their community. As youth enter the juvenile justice system, they encounter facilities that have appropriated the prison’s sorting practices by categorizing youth and policing the boundaries between them. Carceral group identities become instrumental in young people’s daily lives in this context, mirroring what they have heard from the experiences of incarcerated loved ones and confirming where they would fit in the prison’s social order. This process not only labels youth as gang members but instills in them identities and worldviews that rationalize their own incarceration, extending the prison’s ability to categorize people as carceral subjects far beyond the penitentiary gates.
Differences in Pheromone Release and Sexual Behavior Between Laboratory-reared and Wild Gypsy Moth Adults

Wild female Porthetria dispar adults emitted attractant at any time of day but made a maximal release between 1000–1530 h. Pheromone emission is greatest during the first 3 days of a virgin female's adult life and after the 3rd day decreases until death. Wild females emit a burst of pheromone, as much as 841 ng/30 min, once in their life, usually on the 2nd or 3rd day. After the burst the amount of lure emitted decreases rapidly. Unlike wild females, laboratory-reared (lab) females show no diel periodicity in pheromone emission, and release very small amounts of pheromone (4.9 ng/30 min). Laboratory and field bioassays indicated that approximately 30% of both sexes of lab moths either did not respond to pheromone or released no detectable amount of lure, compared with 9% sexual inactivity in wild moths.
Algorithms in the diagnosis and management of exotic diseases. XXV. Plague.

Plague is an acute bacterial infection of man caused by Yersinia pestis. The natural reservoirs of the organism are predominantly urban and sylvatic rodents, and it is transmitted among animals and occasionally to man by bites of infected fleas. Plague has a cosmopolitan distribution with significant foci of infection in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Y. pestis has caused devastating pandemics throughout history with high mortality rates, in which pneumonic man-to-man transmission has occurred in addition to the usual flea-to-man spread. Today, in the United States, urban plague carried by rats has been eliminated, but sylvatic plague persists in rodents and other mammals of rural areas in the southwestern states with occasional transmission to man. The most common clinical form is acute regional lymphadenitis, called bubonic plague. Less common forms include septicemic, pneumonic, and meningeal plague. Mortality is high in untreated patients, but antibiotic treatment with streptomycin administered early in the course of disease markedly reduces fatalities.
Diversity Management and Fairness in Public Organizations

Diversity management was initially adopted in the pursuit of fairness and equality and the promotion of an inclusive workforce by public organizations. However, previous studies regarding diversity management have focused on job performance or job satisfaction. Thus, in this article, we attempt to examine whether diversity management advances organizational fairness in public organizations. By examining data from the 2013 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS), we find that diversity management is positively related to the perception of organizational fairness in the federal workplace. In addition, we also find that female and minority employees perceive diversity management in terms of fairness differently.
Research on economic dispatch of microgrid with multi-distributed generation

The optimal dispatch of microgrid is a new complex issue with both important social benefits and economic benefits.In this paper,based on the actual meteorological data,the actual load data,and the actual microgrid's operation cost data,the user benefits,the environmental protection and the social benefits are quantized into the indices of operation and maintenance cost,deficient load,pollution gas emissions and capacity shortage.Fuzzy evaluation function is adopted to convert the multi-objective into the single-objective,and the short term optimal economic dispatch model of the microgrid is proposed.The Niche-based genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the economic operation examples of typical days of a year,and then obtain the optimal output of each micro-source and the corresponding best power trading scheme in each typical case.The results demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed dispatch strategies.