cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Erythema multiforme: A critical review of characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and causes

Erythema multiforme (EM), in its modern definition, is an acute, self-limited syndrome with distinctive skin lesions with or without mucosal lesions. Use of the terminology "EM minor" and "EM major" is a reasonable approach to separating the classical mild cutaneous syndrome, as described by Hebra (EM minor), from the usually more severe syndrome, with marked mucosal damage, as described by Stevens and Johnson (EM major). Until objective markers for EM are available, we propose preliminary diagnostic criteria for EM, based primarily on clinical features. Although hundreds of factors have been reported to cause EM, only a limited number are reasonably well documented as possible precipitating agents. Recurrent herpes simplex is an important etiologic factor in EM minor, while mycoplasmal infections and drugs may be associated with EM major. Progress in the understanding of EM will require careful attention to definition and diagnostic criteria and identification of distinct clinical and etiologic subsets within the spectrum of EM.
Creativity: a refinement of the concept for nursing practice.

Aims. This paper seeks to remove some of the ambiguity surrounding the conceptual meaning of creativity using techniques of concept refinement to advance the concept. Background. Creativity is an essential component of nursing practice that occurs daily in nurse's interactions with clients, families and other nurses. Failure to acknowledge and encourage creativity in beginning nurses may hinder future development and innovations in nursing practice and in nursing science. In order to promote the development of creativity it is first necessary to clarify and refine the concept as it applies to nursing. Design/methods. A comprehensive review of a variety of computer and online databases resulted in thousands of articles on creativity between the years 1966 and 1999. The final sample ( n = 48) was obtained using both stratified random and purposive sampling techniques. A content analysis of the literature was conducted using methods identified by Morse and illustrated in the work of Hupcey et al . Having determined the concept to be partially mature, the concept was advanced using techniques of concept refinement. Findings. Content analysis of the literature yielded three differing definitions for creativity: revelation, birth and reincarnation. Creativity occurs in the presence of intrinsic motivation and a nurturing environment. While value is often used to identify whether a product is creative, the value of the product cannot determine whether the process has occurred. The product produced determines evidence of the process of creativity. Limitations. Limitations of this investigation are the use of secondary sources and the relatively small sample size ( n = 48). Conclusions. Refinement of the concept of creativity indicates that it is a process that may be developed and influenced by the environment and is recognized by the product produced. Further investigation is needed to explore methods and techniques for developing creativity in nursing.
Recent journeys along the road back to France, 1940

Understanding the swift collapse of the Third Republic continues to present an irresistible challenge for students of French history. Explanations for the 'Strange Defeat' have evolved considerably over the past 55 years. From the aftermath of the Battle of France through to the early I 970S most attempts to explain the fall of France identified a profound malaise in French society which rendered the leadership and institutions of the Third Republic incapable of rising to the challenge posed by a resurgent Germany. The predominant view was that the Republic had been rotten at its core. The civilian and military leadership of pre-war France, along with the deeply flawed security policies that they pursued, were products of this endemic moral decay. Consequently, the military disaster and subsequent political collapse were the inevitable culmination of a long process of decline. Theories of decline and decay are nothing new in French political culture. Indeed the concept of decadence has been a constant in French political rhetoric at least since France's defeat at the hands of Prussia in I 870. In the highly charged atmosphere which prevailed in France after the liberation of I944-45, the image of a decadent Third Republic was seized upon by Gaullists as a useful foil with which to juxtapose 'France Reborn'.' Examples of this characterization abound. Raymond Aron, perhaps the most lastingly influential political philosopher of post-war France, recalled that he had 'lived through the I 930S in the despair of French decline'.2 For Andre Beaufre, France's foremost military thinker, I940 was 'but the last step in an inevitable decline'.3 This view, which interprets French strategy and diplomacy of the I930S in light of the defeat and collaboration which followed, went largely unchallenged for nearly 20 years.4 Two of the earliest historians to question this interpretation and to argue for a more balanced assessment of French policy during the I930S were Anglo-Saxon scholars John Cairns and Geoffrey Warner.5 In a thoughtful and stimulating essay Cairns suggested that the fall of France should be interpreted as a European, rather than a strictly French, military defeat. In a judicious reconsideration of the role of Pierre Laval Warner stressed that France's decline during the inter-war period forced French
The Effect of Environmental Odors Emanating From Commercial Swine Operations on the Mood of Nearby Residents

The effect of environmental odors emanating from large-scale hog operations on the mood of nearby residents was determined using the POMS (Profile of Mood States). The scores for six POMS factors and the TMD (total mood disturbance score) for 44 experimental subjects were compared to those of 44 control subjects who were matched according to gender, race, age, and years of education. The results indicated a significant difference between control and experimental subjects for all six POMS factors and the TMD. Persons living near the intensive swine operations who experienced the odors reported significantly more tension, more depression, more anger, less vigor, more fatigue, and more confusion than control subjects as measured by the POMS. Persons exposed to the odors also had more total mood disturbance than controls as determined by their ratings on the POMS. Both innate physiological responses and learned responses may play a role in the impairment of mood found here.
Physics Courses in the New Arizona Engineering Curriculum

To facilitate the adoption of a common core curriculum in the Schools of Engineering and of Mining at the University of Arizona, the general physics course for engineers has been dropped. The physical foundation for engineering is taught in a new series of courses in the Civil, Mechanical, Electrical Engineering, and Physics Departments as part of the common core. The Physics Department teaches atomic, molecular, nuclear, and solid-state physics in a seven-unit junior-level course. There are grounds for a re-examination of the role of physics in engineering education and perhaps for extensive changes. It is suggested, however, that the role is, and should remain, vital, in the interests of science, of engineering, and of education.
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) anterograde neuronal transport from trigeminal ganglia to nose and eye requires glycoprotein E

The requirement of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) envelope protein gE (Us8 homolog) for establishment of latency and reactivation in trigeminal ganglia (TG) was examined. Although BHV-1 gE-rescued and gE-deleted viruses were isolated from nasal or ocular swabs during primary infection, only the gE-rescued virus was isolated following dexamethasone-induced reactivation. Furthermore, gC protein expression, which requires viral DNA replication for its expression, was detected in TG of calves infected with either virus following reactivation. These studies suggest that gE is required for anterograde transport of BoHV-1 from neuronal cell bodies in the TG to their nerve processes.
Perceptions of the Authenticity of Reality Programs and Their Relationships to Audience Involvement, Enjoyment, and Perceived Learning

This survey study investigated whether viewer perceptions of reality programs' authenticity were associated with involvement, enjoyment, and perceived learning. Four dimensions of perceived authenticity were identified: cast eccentricity, representativeness, candidness, and producer manipulation. Perceptions that the cast was not eccentric, that they were representative of people the respondents could meet, that they were behaving candidly, and that the producers were manipulating the show were associated with cognitive involvement. Cast representativeness was also positively associated with social involvement. Each form of involvement was associated with enjoyment. Perceptions of the cast members' representativeness, candidness, and lack of eccentricity were associated with perceived learning.
Association of Smoking with Cardiovascular and Infection-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis

Summary Background and objectives Smoking is common in the hemodialysis population and is associated with increased all-cause mortality and development of cardiovascular disease. Cause-specific outcomes have not yet been examined in detail. This study investigated the association of baseline smoking status with all-cause, cardiovascular, and infection-related morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Design, setting, participants, & measurements Post hoc analysis of the HEMO Study in patients with available comorbidity, clinical, and nutritional data. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fit to estimate the association of smoking status with mortality. Poisson and negative binomial regression models were fit to estimate the association of smoking status with hospitalization rate. Results Complete data were available for 1842 individuals (44% male, 63% black, 45% diabetic). Mean age was 58±14 years. At baseline, 17% were current smokers and 32% were former smokers. After case-mix adjustment, compared with never smoking, current smoking was associated with greater infection-related mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–3.10) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.16–1.79) and greater cardiovascular (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.22–1.82), infection-related (IRR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11–1.64) and all-cause (IRR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.24–1.65) hospitalization rates. The population attributable fraction ( i.e. , fraction of observed deaths that may have been avoided) was 5.3% for current smokers versus never-smokers and 2.1% for current versus former smokers. Conclusions Active smoking is prevalent in the chronic hemodialysis population and is associated with greater all-cause, cardiovascular, and infection-related morbidity and mortality.
Risk Management in CPM Networks

Network-scheduling techniques are used extensively to determine a project's duration. Two of the most popular techniques are the critical path method (CPM) and the probabilistic evaluation and review technique (PERT). Only one of these techniques, PERT, includes a capability to evaluate the risk in the duration of a project. But, PERT has some inherent limitations which affect the user's ability to effectively evaluate risk or variability of project duration. Computer simulation is a way to overcome the limitations of CPM and PERT. This paper describes a method to simulate schedule networks using an existing simulation package called cyclone. The correspondence between a CPM network and a cyclone network is developed and an example of simulating a small network is presented. Computer output and recommended improvements are discussed.
Structure of the core‐mantle transition zone

A remarkable diversity of geophysical techniques is being used to probe the transition zone between the outer core and the lower mande. This inaccessible region, 2900 km below the Earth's surface, is now recognized to profoundly influence the style of mantle convection, thermal and chemical plume formation, secular variation, and possibly reversals of the magnetic field, core-mantle exchanges of angular momentum, long-wavelength gravitational variations, and chemical evolution of the Earth. Establishing the thermal and chemical structure of the lowermost mande and outermost core is critical to our understanding of the dynamic processes near this transition zone, and progress is now accelerating as a result of an interdisciplinary approach. Recent contributions from seismology, mineral physics, geomagnetism, and geodynamics are synthesized in this article, and a model with a combined thermal and chemical boundary layer at the core-mantle boundary is proposed. The recent formation of the IUGG and AGU committees for SEDI (Studies of the Earth's Deep Interior) is facilitating communication in this and related interdisciplinary efforts to understand how the interior of the planet works.
Front stroke, back stroke: the "emerging" interest of stroke in transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

In the early period, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) presentations always stirred the audience with both excitement and skepticism. Although many believed the procedure could be performed in the inoperable patient, others were concerned about the risk. Specifically, there was always a
Sexuality Education and Intellectual Disability: Time to Address the Challenge

The purpose of this article was to examine the current status and effectiveness of sexual education curricula for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). To obtain a complete picture of extant literature focused on sexuality education for individuals with ID, a comprehensive review of the literature published in social science databases from 1995 to 2015 was performed. Articles that were deemed appropriate, based on the thorough review of the effects of ineffective sexual education and a review of current options, were analyzed. The final sample included 92 articles. The results demonstrated that, as a result of inadequate sexual education, individuals with ID are at a greater risk of sexual abuse, STD, and misinformation. Thorough examination of the available literature resulted in the conclusion that formal, individualized, and specific sexual education for individuals with intellectual disabilities is lacking. Considering the paucity of published data and the absence of appropriate, population-specific, and empirically validated sexual education content for individuals with intellectual disabilities, changes to the current approach are strongly indicated.
Finding Romanized Arabic Dialect in Code-Mixed Tweets

Recent computational work on Arabic dialect identification has focused primarily on building and annotating corpora written in Arabic script. Arabic dialects however also appear written in Roman script, especially in social media. This paper describes our recent work developing tweet corpora and a token-level classifier that identifies a Romanized Arabic dialect and distinguishes it from French and English in tweets. We focus on Moroccan Darija, one of several spoken vernaculars in the family of Maghrebi Arabic dialects. Even given noisy, code-mixed tweets,the classifier achieved token-level recall of 93.2% on Romanized Arabic dialect, 83.2% on English, and 90.1% on French. The classifier, now integrated into our tweet conversation annotation tool (Tratz et al. 2013), has semi-automated the construction of a Romanized Arabic-dialect lexicon. Two datasets, a full list of Moroccan Darija surface token forms and a table of lexical entries derived from this list with spelling variants, as extracted from our tweet corpus collection, will be made available in the LRE MAP.
Young Children Experiencing Homelessness: The Overlooked Medium of Play.

ABSTRACTThe number of mothers with young children experiencing homelessness and seeking shelter has increased in the USA over the past decade. Shelters are often characterized as environments offering few opportunities for appropriate play experiences. This article delineates the important role of play for young children experiencing homelessness and argues for research of the contextual nature of play in shelters. Situated in the social constructivist paradigm, the article draws from the premise that rich stimulating play experiences mediate optimal early learning. A review of literature revealed scant research of children's play in homeless shelters; as a result, the study of a primary medium for learning and ameliorating adversity for children most at risk of negative life outcomes is omitted. Findings from research of play in homeless shelters can inform fields of education, human development, and health and human services, facilitating improved services for families experiencing homelessness.
Developmental Activities and Behavior of the Rice Weevil Inside Wheat Kernels

Fifty-five wheat kernels infested by Sitophilus oryzae (L.) were X-rayed daily to study egg-to-adult development and behavior within the kernels. Enlarged photographic prints (2530) prepared from the radiographs were examined to determine larval instars. Larval-tunnel widths in the daily radiographs were measured, as were head-capsule widths of other larvae from dissected kernels. Four increases in tunnel width occurred, each followed by 1–4 days of static tunnel width (assumed to be time of molting). Four corresponding increases in width of the larval head capsule were observed confirming results obtained by radiographing. The mean tunnel widths for the 4 instars were 0.31, 0.51, 0.83, and 1.34 mm; the means for stadia 1 through 4 were 3.9, 5.4, 4.7, and 5.1 days, respectively. Prepupa, pupa, and pre-emerged adult stages averaged 1, 5.2, and 4.6 days, respectively. The mean life cycle (including 4 days for oviposition) was 37 days. Of 23 adults which developed, 12 had pupal chambers on 1 side of the kernel, with most or all tunneling on that side, 7 constructed pupal chambers parallel to the crease but occupied portions of both kernel halves, and 4 located pupal chambers diagonally across the crease.
Cognitive and Fine Motor Deficits and MRI Hyperintensities In Neurofibromatosis Type 1

The relationship between cognitive impairment, fine motor deficits, and T2-weighted MRI intensities in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) was investigated in 100 patients and 100 healthy controls in a study at University Hospital of Munster, Germany.
Restricting, Distracting, and Reasoning: Parental Mediation of Young Children’s Use of Mobile Communication Technology in Indonesia

Using qualitative interviews for data-gathering, this study investigated how parents with young children (aged 2–7) in Indonesia’s greater Jakarta area mediated their children’s use of mobile communication devices. Parents introduce their children to smartphones or tablets for educational, entertainment, as well as “babysitting” purposes. However, parents’ perceptions about online risks seem to outweigh those of benefits. Potential health issues, such as eyestrain and sedentary lifestyles, and exposure to violent content were seen as the most salient risks. Restrictive mediation on time and content was the most prevalent approach practiced, perhaps due to the age of the children and the lack of time and energy among working parents. In reaction to the children’s resistance to time restrictions, parents with older children attempted to reason with the children and engage in parent–child conversations, while those with younger children preferred to redirect them to other activities.
Ultramicrodetermination of vasopressin-regulated urea transporter protein in microdissected renal tubules.

The vasopressin-regulated urea transporter (VRUT) is a 97-kDa protein (also called "UT-1") responsible for facilitated urea transport across the apical plasma membrane of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. To determine the abundance of VRUT protein in collecting duct cells of the rat, we designed a sensitive fluorescence-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay capable of detecting or = 0.3-1 x 10(5) s. In view of the large magnitude of this value and previously reported biophysical properties of urea transport in collecting ducts, we hypothesize that the VRUT may function as a channel rather than a carrier.
AP Clustering Based Biomimetic Pattern Recognition

A classify based on AP Clustering and biomimetic pattern recognition was proposed.It can relatively classify the samples by calculating the distance to the relative subspace.The training sample space was constructed by the AP algorithm and bionic pattern recognition theory.The posterior probabilities based on the class condition were estimated to reduce the reject rate caused by the space overlapping with low misclassification.Experiments were performed with Concordia University CENPARMI's handwritten digit database and Nanjing University of Science and Technology's handwritten amount database.Experimental results indicate that the proposed classifier has a higher recognition rate than the traditional classifiers.
Innovation in veterans' health care and assistance: the Department of Veterans Affairs 10 years after the Gulf War.

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has responded to significant challenges in treating and compensating Persian Gulf War veterans by adapting existing programs and developing new ones. The VA established a Gulf War health examination registry and expanded existing Vet Centers to provide assistance to Gulf War veterans. Health care eligibility income limitations were eliminated. Outreach efforts included a national newsletter, veterans' organization briefings, and other products. The VA is developing targeted training programs and continuing medical education for health care providers. Numerous major research initiatives have begun. Innovations include the establishment of environmental hazards research centers, clinical demonstration projects, and centers for the study of war-related illness. These efforts required increased coordination among federal agencies and collaboration with other countries. In a precedent-setting development, Congress gave the VA authority to compensate certain veterans with undiagnosed illnesses. Veterans from future conflicts and peacekeeping missions can expect improved services from the VA as a result of these initiatives.
Intra-articular antigen-antibody reactions.

SUMMARY The role of humoral immune mechanisms in the induction, maintenance, and modulation of chronic arthritis in the two main tissues of diarthrodial joints synovial membrane and cartilage is discussed. In the synovial membrane of patients with RA, the available data suggest that there is a selective enrichment of immunoglobulin-secreting cells with restricted specificities. However, it is likely that the B-lymphocyte lineages infiltrating the synovial membranes are not self supporting and autonomous but that they originate from precursors activated and released from the central lymphoid organs. The processes leading to irreversible destruction of articular cartilage in chronic arthritis are not well understood. A review of the possible pathogenic role of immunoglobulin and immune complexes tightly bound to the superficial layers of cartilage suggests that these contribute to the chronicity and severity of the inflammatory process. However, accurate evaluation of the relative importance of these mechanisms can only be attained when more information becomes available on the interplay between cellular and humoral immune mechanisms within the joint.
VARIATIONS BETWEEN FAMILY PHYSICIANS AND OBSTETRICIANS IN THE EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF PRETERM LABOR

Background The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the approaches of family physicians and obstetricians when evaluating and managing women with preterm contractions or labor. Methods A survey questionnaire examining physician practice characteristics was sent to a random sample of specialists in obstetrics and family practice in 10 states. Responses were received from 54% of individuals in active practice. Results When asked their three most common treatment strategies for women with preterm labor, family physicians were more likely than obstetricians to select beta-agonists and hydration. Obstetricians were more likely to include magnesium sulfate and nifedipine in their treatment plans. For women with preterm contractions and no change in cervix, obstetricians were more likely to select either of the two short-term tocolytic therapies, while family physicians were more likely to select less aggressive therapy approaches. When adjusted for the facility in which they practiced and the number of years of experience, family physicians were nearly one half as likely as obstetricians to use tocolytics to treat women who had contractions but no cervical changes. Conclusions In general, obstetricians were more likely to select more aggressive therapy for women with premature contractions without changes in cervix. Since it is unlikely that patient preferences would influence the choice of strategies for preterm labor, it is likely that these results reflect true differences in physician practice patterns based on physician specialty.
The Nonequilbrium Thermodynamics of Atmospheric Blocking

Two strong NE Pacific blocking events that occurred nearly one year apart and in the same region are examined here by methods from nonequilbrium thermodynamics. In a nonequilibrium setting, the time variation of entropy is a sum of two parts: the external entropy supply and the internal entropy production. The internal entropy production and external entropy supply (the surface entropy supply) are calculated and compared to recent trends in the region that encompassed both blocking events. The entropy production and entropy surface supply were found to be high during both blocking events. However, the surface conditions during the events were markedly different. The surface conditions during the first event were dominated by the NE Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly known as the Blob, while the other event was less influenced. In particular, the surface entropy supply increased from January to February for the first event. The entropy production decreased slightly but any negative entropy flows from extratropical cyclones were offset by the increasing surface entropy supply, maintaining the blocking event. On the other hand, the second event had no large changes in the surface entropy supply or entropy production during its lifetime even though it was similar to the first event in many respects. The use of entropy as a convenient variable to examine the mechanisms that maintain blocking events is considered.
Genocidal Rape as Spectacle

Drawing on the phenomenology of the ambiguous body, Simone de Beauvoir’s categories of the subject, the other and the inessential other, and Jean Baudrillard’s discussions of scandals and simulacrums, this analysis of the genocidal rapes in the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) judgment that condemned them as crimes against humanity, finds that ending this military tactic requires that we expose the injustices of current gendered meanings of vulnerability. It argues that in affirming the dignity of the phenomenological body we discover that human rights claims are best understood as protecting the spaces within which our embodied life with others is lived.
Abstract WP405: Sex Differences in Post-Stroke Functional Outcomes

Background: Studies consistently show that women have less favorable functional outcomes after stroke than men but the causes are uncertain. Our objective was to assess sex differences in functiona...
The $K$ -User Vector Gaussian Multiple-Access Channel With General Messages Sets: Capacity, Polymatroidal Structure, and Efficient Computation

The capacity region of the $K$ -user vector Gaussian multiple-access channel with general message sets is established. Furthermore, due to the presence of convexity, both in the discrete and continuous senses, it is shown that this capacity region is efficiently computable. The capacity result is obtained by specializing recent results by the authors for the discrete memoryless multiple-access channel and demonstrating that it suffices to only consider jointly Gaussian input and auxiliary random variables. For this second conclusion, it is shown that jointly Gaussian random variables maximize entropy subject to lattice conditional independence and covariance constraints, a result that is of interest in its own right. Discrete convexity arises since the capacity region is a union of polymatroids . Over each polymatroid, computing the maximal weighted sum rates is simple due to submodularity—a discrete analog of concavity—of the set function associated with the linear inequalities that define the polymatroid. Continuous convexity arises as the set of admissible covariance matrices is convex and the polymatroidal bounds are concave in these covariances.
Tin doped PrBaFe2O5+δ anode material for solid oxide fuel cells

Ceramic anodes have many advantages over cermet anodes for solid oxide fuel cells. We report the synthesis and characterization of Sn doped double perovskite PrBaFe(2−x)SnxO5+δ (x = 0–0.3) anode materials. Different crystal structures were observed depending on the Sn doping level and gas atmosphere. The materials demonstrated excellent stability in both reducing and redox atmospheres at elevated temperatures. The oxygen content in the as-prepared PrBaFe(2−x)SnxO5+δ was nonlinearly correlated to the Sn doping level and reached maximum values around x = 0.1. After the reducing treatment, the oxygen content linearly decreased with increasing Sn doping level. The electrical conductivity of bulk PrBaFe(2−x)SnxO5+δ (x = 0.1) reached 63.6 S cm−1 at 800 °C in humidified hydrogen. At 750 °C, the surface exchange coefficient and bulk diffusivity of PrBaFe(2−x)SnxO5+δ reached the maximum values of 4.42 × 10−6 m s−1 and 6.04 × 10−7 m2 s−1, respectively, in the reducing process when the Sn doping level was x = 0.1. The activation energies of surface exchange coefficient and bulk diffusivity of PrBaFe(2−x)SnxO5+δ (x = 0.1) were 0.22 eV and 0.16 eV, respectively, in the reducing process. The area specific resistance of the PrBaFe(2−x)SnxO5+δ (x = 0.1) anode was 0.095–0.285 Ω cm2 from 850–750 °C in humidified hydrogen, better than or comparable to the best ceramic anodes in the literature.
Fe en Acción: Promoting Physical Activity Among Churchgoing Latinas.

Objectives. To evaluate the impact of a faith-based intervention to promote physical activity in Latinas.Methods. We randomized 16 churches in San Diego County, California, to a physical activity intervention or cancer screening comparison condition (n = 436). The intervention followed an ecological framework and involved promotoras. We examined 12-month intervention effects, including accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; primary outcome) and secondary outcomes. We conducted the study from 2010 to 2016.Results. Mixed effects analyses showed significant increases in accelerometer-based MVPA (effect size = 0.25) and self-report leisure-time MVPA (effect size = 0.38) among Latinas in the intervention versus comparison condition. Participants in the intervention condition had about 66% higher odds of meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines, had reduced body mass index (effect size = 0.23), and used more behavioral strategies for engaging in physical activity (effect size = 0...
Structural and Electrochemical Consequences of [Cp*] Ligand Protonation.

There are few examples of the isolation of analogous metal complexes bearing [η5-Cp*] and [η4-Cp*H] (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) complexes within the same metal/ligand framework, despite the relevance of such structures to catalytic applications. Recently, protonation of Cp*Rh(bpy) (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl) has been shown to yield a complex bearing the uncommon [η4-Cp*H] ligand, rather than generating a [RhIII–H] complex. We now report the purification and isolation of this protonated species, as well as characterization of analogous complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). Specifically, reaction of Cp*Rh(bpy) or Cp*Rh(phen) with 1 equiv of Et3NH+Br– affords rhodium compounds bearing endo-η4-pentamethylcyclopentadiene (η4-Cp*H) as a ligand. NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies confirm protonation of the Cp* ligand, rather than formation of metal hydride complexes. Analysis of new structural data and electronic spectra suggests that phen is significantly reduced in Cp*Rh(phen),...
A pressure gradient sensor inspired by the canal neuromasts of fish

The lateral line system is the flow-sensing organ of fishes, which consists of arrays of flow sensors, known as neuromasts, with hair cells embedded inside a gel-like structure called cupula. There are two types of neuromasts: the superficial ones, which extend from the skin and respond directly to the local velocity, and the canal ones, which are located in recessed canals under the skin and tend to respond to the flow pressure gradient. Inspired by the canal system of fish lateral lines, we propose a pressure gradient sensor integrating an ionic-polymer metal composite (IPMC) sensor with a 3D-printed canal filled with a viscous fluid. Unlike the biological counterpart that has open ends on the surface of the body, the proposed canal has two pores that are covered with a latex membrane, which prevents the canal fluid from mixing with the ambient fluid. Experimental results involving a dipole source show that the proposed sensor is able to capture the pressure difference across the two pores, and the viscosity of the canal fluid has a pronounced effect on the sensitivity of the device. Preliminary finite-element simulation results are also presented to provide insight into the experimental observations.
The Importance of User-Centered Design in Performing Background Checks in Child Care

Efficiency, effectiveness, and usability are all essential qualities for a background check process. In child care, these qualities are especially needed to ensure the qualifications of the workforce and the safety of children. With changing child care regulations, Michigan has implemented the Michigan Workforce Background Check (MWBC) system. This study consists of multiple focus groups that were conducted with child daycare providers and consultants to gain feedback on the system and to test its user interface. The goal was to allow the user to have a voice in the development of the system, so changes could be made according to their needs and business process.
Reducing Inequality in an Age of Student Mobility

The massive expansion of American postsecondary education was among the most successful public policy achievements of the twentieth century. As the proportion of students finishing high school grew, rates of college-going rose as well. On average, the per cent of students enrolling in college during the fall immediately following high school graduation increased from 49 per cent in 1972 to 67 per cent in 2004. Thus, the transition from high school to college is now a normative one for the majority of students who complete their secondary education. However, the postsecondary transition rate is substantially lower for students from the bottom 20 per cent of family incomes (50 per cent), and for African-American and Hispanic students (63 per cent and 62 per cent respectively). Those same students are also less likely to complete high school and in the U.S. it is very uncommon for nongraduates to go to on to college (U.S. Department of Education 2006: Table 29).
Human drug absorption kinetics and comparison to Caco-2 monolayer permeabilities

Purpose. This study aims to assess the drug absorption kinetics of three drugs and compare their resulting first-order intestinal permeation rate constants to their Caco-2 monolayer permeabilities.
miRNA Data Analysis: Next-Gen Sequencing

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that have the capacity to bind, capture, and silence hundreds of genes within and across diverse signaling pathways 1(Bartel, Cell 136:215-33, 2009) Specific sets of miRNAs characterize specific cell lineages of normal organisms and an increasing number of diseases have been shown to be associated with the dysregulation of specific miRNAs. Deep sequencing platforms have revealed unexpected complexity in relation to miRNAs, including 5' and 3'-end-length heterogeneity and RNA editing. These insights not uncovered by previous microarray-based studies underscore the importance of data analysis tools that enable users to rapidly and easily analyze the unprecedented amounts of small RNA sequencing data that is emerging from next-generation sequencing platforms, such as Illumina/Solexa, SOLiD, and 454. In this chapter, we summarize the increasing number of analysis platforms that are available for miRNA discovery and profiling and the identification of functional miRNA-mRNA pairs in the context of biology and disease. We also discuss in greater detail our contributions to this effort.
An automatic tuning method of a fuzzy logic controller for nuclear reactors

The design and evaluation by simulation of an automatically tuned fuzzy logic controller is presented. Typically, fuzzy logic controllers are designed based on an expert's knowledge of the process. However, this approach has its limitations in the fact that the controller is hard to optimize or tune to get the desired control action. A method to automate the tuning process using a simplified Kalman filter approach is presented for the fuzzy logic controller to track a suitable reference trajectory. Here, for purposes of illustration an optimal controller's response is used as a reference trajectory to determine automatically the rules for the fuzzy logic controller. To demonstrate the robustness of this design approach, a nonlinear six-delayed neutron group plant is controlled using a fuzzy logic controller that utilizes estimated reactor temperatures from a one-delayed neutron group observer. The fuzzy logic controller displayed good stability and performance robustness characteristics for a wide range of operation.
Identifying Culturally Consistent Early Interventions for Latino Caregivers

A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was applied to identify promising culturally consistent early intervention (EI) approaches with Latino caregivers. The researchers collected multiple sour...
The Magic of Pyramid Firms: Cosmologies of Speculation, Repertoires of Credit and Collapsed Finance

ABSTRACTInternational media accounts of the spectacular collapse of the pyramid firms in Albania in 1997 centre on the story of Maksude Kadena, the head of the notorious firm, Sude. These accounts depict Kadena as a ‘gypsy fortune teller who claimed to look into a crystal ball’. In this article, I return to these various accounts of Sude/Kadena as a way to explore ethnographically the broader set of cosmologies and repertoires of credit and speculation that informed the decisions and strategies of participation in these firms. I suggest that the activities of the firms were, on the one hand, an extension of practices and ideas about the free market during the communist regime and, on the other hand, a manifestation of postsocialist cosmologies or risk and speculation and repertoires of credit and investment that extended well beyond the firms.
The AAMC Standardized Video Interview: Reactions and Use by Residency Programs During the 2018 Application Cycle.

PURPOSE To evaluate how emergency medicine residency programs perceived and used Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Standardized Video Interview (SVI) total scores and videos during the Electronic Residency Application Service 2018 cycle. METHOD Study 1 (November 2017) used a program director survey to evaluate user reactions to the SVI following the first year of operational use. Study 2 (January 2018) analyzed program usage of SVI video responses using data collected through the AAMC Program Director's Workstation. RESULTS Results from the survey (125/175 programs; 71% response rate) and video usage analysis suggested programs viewed videos out of curiosity and to understand the range of SVI total scores. Programs were more likely to view videos for attendees of U.S. MD-granting medical schools and applicants with higher United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores, but there were no differences by gender or race/ethnicity. More than half of programs that did not use SVI total scores in their selection processes were unsure of how to incorporate them (36/58; 62%) and wanted additional research on utility (33/58; 57%). More than half of programs indicated being at least somewhat likely to use SVI total scores (55/97; 57%) and videos (52/99; 53%) in the future. CONCLUSIONS Program reactions on the utility and ease of use of SVI total scores were mixed. Survey results indicate programs used the SVI cautiously in their selection processes, consistent with AAMC recommendations. Future user surveys will help the AAMC gauge improvements in user acceptance and familiarity with the SVI.
Symbolic template iterations of complex quadratic maps

The behavior of orbits for iterated polynomials has been widely studied since the dawn of discrete dynamics as a research field, in particular in the context of the complex quadratic family $$f :\mathbb {C} \rightarrow \mathbb {C}$$ , parametrized as $$f_c(z) = z^2 + c$$ , with $$c \in \mathbb {C}$$ . While more recent research has been studying the orbit behavior when the map changes along with the iterations, many aspects of non-autonomous discrete dynamics remain largely unexplored. Our work is focused on studying the behavior of pairs of quadratic maps (1) when iterated according to a rule prescribed by a binary template and (2) when the maps are organized as nodes in a network, and interact in a time-dependent fashion. We investigate how the traditional theory changes in these cases, illustrating in particular how the hardwired structure (the symbolic template, and respectively the adjacency graph) can affect dynamics (behavior of orbits, topology of Julia and Mandelbrot sets). Our current manuscript addresses the first topic, while the second topic is the subject of a subsequent paper. This is of potential interest to a variety of applications (including genetic and neural coding), since (1) it investigates how an occasional or a reoccurring error in a replication or learning algorithm may affect the outcome and (2) it relates to algorithms of synaptic restructuring and neural dynamics in brain networks.
TACC3 is a novel target of paclitaxel: its implication in paclitaxel-mediated tumor therapy

1284 Paclitaxel is currently used in the treatment of various solid cancers. Initial studies have demonstrated the mechanism of action of paclitaxel that alters microtubule dynamics. Although treatment of various tumor cells with paclitaxel in vivo and in vitro induces apoptosis, but early paclitaxel-targeted proteins is not yet known. We identified TACC3 as a novel protein that is down-regulated with paclitaxel treatment by proteome analysis including 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS in cervical cancer cell line. Our current studies aim to show TACC3 functions through in vitro treatment of paclitaxel or TACC3 siRNA by RNAi (RNA interference). Paclitaxel-treated cells are unable to proceed normally through the cell cycle and are arrested in G2/M phase and reveal apoptotic morphology including chromatin condensation, apoptotic body formation and nuclear fragmentation. Also, TACC3 levels after paclitaxel treatment decreased as a time- and dose-dependent manner both mRNA and protein levels. These results indicate paclitaxel suppress TACC3 expression in transcription level. After treatment of paclitaxel or TACC3 RNAi, there were significant G2/M phase arrest (>4 fold), TACC3 down-regulation and apoptosis in cervical carcinoma HeLa cell lines. Also, we confirmed that the role of TACC3 siRNA for microtubule stabilization is similar to that of paclitaxel. This finding indicates that an important mechanism of TACC3 expression exits within the process of the G2/M phase. TACC3 down-regulations had an effect on increase of α- and γ-tubulin polymerization. Although the primary target of paclitaxel is microtubules, its efficacy exceeds that of conventional microtubule-disrupting agents, suggesting that it may have another action mechanism through TACC3 down-regulation. mTACC3-overexpressing cells showed cell overgrowth and S-phase delay on cell cycle progression as compared with control cells. Paclitaxel treatments in mTACC3-overexpressing cells were unable to suppress exogenous TACC3 expression and induce cell growth inhibition, G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis and microtubule disintegration. In addition to, TACC3 is expressed at high levels in various cancer cells and tumor tissues. We suggest TACC3 overexpression might imply that it has a role in tumor progression. TACC3 levels decreased in paclitaxel-sensitive cells, but had no changes in paclitaxel-resistant cells by paclitaxel treatment (IC50 concentration).This study is proposed that the TACC3 protein may be participated in microtubule formation as an oncoprotein during mitosis and be regulated by paclitaxel as a novel target. In conclusion, TACC3 may involve the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and may be a target protein for cancer therapy.
Nonlinear characterization of silica and chalcogenide microresonators: erratum

This erratum corrects typographical errors that appeared in Eqs. (1.1) and (1.2) of our earlier paper [Optica6, 716 (2019)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.6.000716.
Exploding Head Syndrome

Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is a rarely reported disorder of unknown etiology characterized by a momentary loud noise that patients usually experience during the early stages of sleep. Fear, terror, palpitations, or a forceful heartbeat usually follow with occasional descriptions of an associated flash of light or a sensation of stopping breathing. EHS can occur at any age, especially in people older than 50 years. Diagnosis is made by the clinical history and testing is not required. Although explanation and reassurance suffice for most, there are anecdotal reports of benefits for treatment with clomipramine, nifedipine, flunarizine, topiramate, and use of an oral appliance for a patient with obstructive sleep apnea.
HOLOCENE SEA LEVEL IN NEW JERSEY

Recent cores and isotopic dating of the coastal and estuarine marsh accumulations in New Jersey are producing insights into the Holocene transgression of this portion of the Atlantic coast. Sea level curves support the concept of a steadily rising sea with the range of rise declining after 2000–2500 B.P. Sedimentation sequences and dates indicate that infilling of the bays and estuaries was post 2000–2500 B.P. Barrier island topography and marsh expansion was keyed to positive sediment budgets. The offshore zone contributed to the infilling. Recent changes may indicate that the offshore source is exhausted and the process is reversing.