cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microvasculature of the Feline Renal Medulla

The microvascular pattern of the feline renal medulla was studied by scanning electron microscopy using corrosion casts. At the corticomeduUary junction, numerous efferent arterioles were observed giv
The effect of salmine on the activity of phosphorylase

1. 1. Crystalline muscle phosphorylase a, in the absence as well as in the presence of adenylic acid, is inhibited by microgram amounts of salmine, and the inhibition can be reserved by insulin. With increasing concentrations of salmine a typical diphasic curve of phosphorylase a activity is obtained, i.e. the inhibition becomes less as the salmine concentration is increased. 2. 2. The affinity of phosphorylase b (produced by the action of PR enzyme on phosphorylase a) for adenylic and inosinic acid is greatly increased by the presence of salmine. Synthetic poly-lysine has a similar effect, while free lysine or arginine are inactive. Salmine has no effect on the activity of phosphorylase b produced by the action of trypsin, showing that this b form is different from that produced by PR action.
Numerical calculation of multiphase fluid flow

Abstract A new computing technique is described for the solution of fluid flow problems in which several fields interpenetrate and interact with each other. An implicit coupling for each field between mass transport and equation of state allows for calculations in all flow-speed regimes, from far subsonic (incompressible) to far supersonic. In addition, the momentum transport between fields is implicit, allowing for all degrees of coupling, from very loose to completely tied together. Phase transitions permit interchange of mass, momentum and energy between fields, each of which is composed of several components. Considerable generality is present, to permit application to a wide scope of complicated problems, for example, the fluidized dust bed, the flow of a liquid with entrained bubbles, and atmospheric condensation with the fall of precipitation.
Perforation in a patient with stercoral colitis and diverticulosis: who did it?

Stercoral colitis with perforation of the colon is an uncommon, yet life-threatening cause of the acute abdomen. No one defining symptom exists for stercoral colitis; it may present asymptomatically or with vague symptoms. Diagnostic delay may result in perforation of the colon resulting in complications, even death. Moreover, stercoral perforation of the colon can also present with localized left lower quadrant abdominal pain masquerading as diverticulitis. Diverticular diseases and stercoral colitis share similar pathophysiology; furthermore, they may coexist, further complicating the diagnostic dilemma. The ability to decide the cause of perforation in a patient with both stercoral colitis and diverticulosis has not been discussed. We, therefore, report this case of stercoral perforation in a patient with diverticulosis and include a discussion of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and a review of helpful diagnostic clues for a rapid differentiation to allow for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: stercoral colitis; stercoral perforation; diverticular disease; acute abdomen (Published: 17 February 2014) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2014, 4 : 22898 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v4.22898
Electron microscopy of elastic arteries; the thoracic aorta of the rat.

The thoracic aorta of the rat was investigated by electron microscopy. A form of smooth muscle is the only cell type to be found in the tunica media. Successive layers of cells alternate with elastic lamellae. Each cell diagonally spans the interspace from one elastic lamella to the next. The muscle of the tunica media is without specific innervation. A three-dimensional network of elastic cords intersperced between the cells helps tie together the principal elastic lamellae. Substantial numbers of collagenous fibers are also found. The basement membrane system (sarcolemma) of the muscle is quite poorly developed in the rat aorta. Muscle is directly attached to elastin by a thin (200 A) layer of “cement substance”. There is no evidence of any direct attachment of smooth muscle to collagen, nor is there evident any specific connection or fusion of collagen with elastin. The only cell type in the tunica intima is the endothelium. Intimal connective tissue sometimes contains thin strands and tiny units of elastin, associated with mucopolysaccharide, which are thought to represent active centers of elastin deposition.
A stochastic model for the simultaneous occurrence of oxidation and erosion

Abstract A model is developed for oxide scale formation and simultaneous scale erosion on a metal surface. Oxidation is treated deterministically, using a power law dependence of scale thickness upon time. Erosion, on the contrary, is treated stochastically, as resulting from spatially random erodent impacts on the oxide surface, each erosion event leaving a characteristic “footprint” on the surface. Expressions are derived for the average scale thickness and the average change in mass per unit area of surface, both as functions of time. The results are found to be physically reasonable and in generally good agreement with experimental data.
Survival of Steinernematid nematodes exposed to freezing

Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema riobravis, S. carpocapsae and S. glaseri survived prolonged exposure to freezing at −4°C. LT50 values were 2.1, 1.8 and 0.6 days respectively. Steinernema riobravis and S. carpocapsae were still pathogenic after 6 days of freezing and S. glaseri showed poor pathogenicity over 4 days of freezing at −4°C. Incubation in 20% glycerol for 48 h prior to freezing at −20°C enhanced survival and pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae. Survival increased to 30 days; nematodes were still pathogenic after 24 days of exposure.
Proventriculus-specific cDNAs characterized from the tsetse, Glossina morsitans morsitans.

Peritrophic matrix (peritrophic membrane or PM) is an important structure in the gut of most insects at some stage in their development. It is composed of chitin, proteins and proteoglycans. Multiple roles for the PM ranging from partitioning of digestive enzymes and food to protection of gut epithelial cells from viral and parasitic invasion have been proposed. While most adult members of Diptera have a Type I PM synthesized in response to a blood meal, the medically and agriculturally important vector insect, tsetse has a sleeve-like Type II PM which is constitutively synthesized by cells in the proventriculus (cardia). Using a differential hybridization approach, we have identified three abundant cDNAs from a proventriculus cDNA library of Glossina morsitans morsitans: GmPro1, GmPro2 and GmPro3. DNA sequence analysis indicates that GmPro1 and GmPro2 share similarities with the peritrophin-15 family of larval PM proteins, while GmPro3 is a member of the serine protease family. Northern analysis indicates that transcripts for all three cDNAs are preferentially expressed in the proventriculus tissue. The expression profile of these genes in response to the presence of trypanosome indicates that transcription of GmPro1 is increased in the presence of parasites (immune sensitive), while the other two are not affected. Western analysis using antibodies developed against the recombinant GmPro2 shows its primary localization in the gut to be within the peritrophic matrix structure. We discuss the molecular characteristics of these proventriculus specific cDNAs and their products as well as their potential role for vector control studies.
Dipolar Recoupling in MAS NMR: A Probe for Segmental Order in Lipid Bilayers

Novel two-dimensional magic-angle spinning (2D MAS) NMR experiments designed to measure the magnitudes and signs of 13C−1H dipolar interactions in fluid phase lipid bilayers are presented. MAS is e...
Some considerations on « elementary » particles and bound states in strong interactions

The conjecture that theZ=0 limit of an « elementary particle » theory yields a theory in which the particle could be regarded as « composite » is examined from field-theoretical considerations. The eigenvalue equation used in dispersion theory relating the coupling constant to the masses is « derived ».
Introducing Smart Policing: Foundations, Principles, and Practice

Smart Policing represents an emerging paradigm in American policing that stresses crime reduction and promotes improvement of the evidence base for policing. Smart Policing emphasizes effectively using data and analytics as well as improving analysis, performance measurement, and evaluation research; improving efficiency; and encouraging innovation. This introduction defines Smart Policing in historical and contemporary contexts and discusses several important and emerging characteristics in the local Smart Policing sites, namely, the need to improve the evidence base for policing, the police agency-research partnerships that are emerging in Smart Policing, the type of problems identified and approaches undertaken by the SPI sites, and future issues for Smart Policing.
Alternating periods of full time clinical and full time teaching-research responsibility versus all things to all people at all times

Abstract House staff and medical student teaching, laboratory research, clinical surgery, and university and hospital administrative duties all compete for the academic surgeons time. Teaching, research, and clinical surgery could singularly demand full time, but each supplements the other two in the academic setting. Balance and meaning are lost if one prospers to the detriment of the others, and yet, because of the persistent and non-negotiable demands of clinical practice, teaching, research, and administrative duties of necessity come in a distant second when competing with patient care responsibilities. The system of alternating full time responsibility allows achievement of peak efficiency in both the clinical and research spheres with a minimum of duplication of effort and is of benefit to house staff, students, and patients who can count on the uninterrupted attention of a staff member.
Social Theory for Action: How Individuals and Organizations Learn to Change

This article presents a review of the book “Social Theory for Action: How Individuals and Organizations Learn to Change,” by William Foote Whyte.
Preparative immunotherapy with anti-OX40 and anti-CTLA4 improves the response to chemotherapy

Meeting abstracts Recent studies have reported that decreased T cell infiltrate alone, or co-ordinate with increased macrophage infiltrate, correlate with decreased survival in a range of cancers, including patients with pancreatic cancer. Importantly, in mouse models of pancreatic cancer,
Modulation of Cerebellar Excitability by Polarity-Specific Noninvasive Direct Current Stimulation

The cerebellum is a crucial structure involved in movement control and cognitive processing. Noninvasive stimulation of the cerebellum results in neurophysiological and behavioral changes, an effect that has been attributed to modulation of cerebello-brain connectivity. At rest, the cerebellum exerts an overall inhibitory tone over the primary motor cortex (M1), cerebello-brain inhibition (CBI), likely through dentate-thalamo-cortical connections. The level of excitability of this pathway before and after stimulation of the cerebellum, however, has not been directly investigated. In this study, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation to determine changes in M1, brainstem, and CBI before and after 25 min of anodal, cathodal, or sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the right cerebellar cortex. We hypothesized that anodal tDCS would result in an enhancement of CBI and cathodal would decrease it, relative to sham stimulation. We found that cathodal tDCS resulted in a clear decrease of CBI, whereas anodal tDCS increased it, in the absence of changes after sham stimulation. These effects were specific to the cerebello-cortical connections with no changes in other M1 or brainstem excitability measures. The cathodal effect on CBI was found to be dependent on stimulation intensity and lasted up to 30 min after the cessation of tDCS. These results suggest that tDCS can modulate in a focal and polarity-specific manner cerebellar excitability, likely through changes in Purkinje cell activity. Therefore, direct current stimulation of the cerebellum may have significant potential implications for patients with cerebellar dysfunction as well as to motor control studies.
Utilizing The Enhanced Nonlinearity Of Organic Molecules In New Electro-Optic Materials

The second-order hyperpolarizability of certain molecular classes can be highly enhanced. Consequently many possibilities exist for creating nonlinear materials or structures. A discussion of these properties and structures is presented.
Effects of acute administration of diazepam and d-amphetamine on aggressive and escape responding of normal male subjects.

Normal males participated in sessions providing two operant response options and were administered either diazepam (study I and II) ord-amphetamine (study II). The acute effects of diazepam on human aggressive responding, which ostensibly subtracted points from another person, were determined in study I. Study II was conducted to determine the extent to which social context and response consequence influenced diazepam (study I) andd-amphetamine (previous research) effects on aggressive responding. In study II, the other response option was escape responding which protected the subject's counter from point losses. Aggressive and escape responding were engendered by subtracting points from the subject's counter, and maintained by initiation of intervals free of point loss. Point subtractions were attributed to the other person (study I) or to a machine (study II). Responding to accumulate points exchangeable for money was available in both studies. Acute diazepam administration decreased aggressive responding in most subjects (study I), slightly increased escape responding (study II), and decreased responding to accumulate points. In study II,d-amphetamine increased both escape responding and responding to accumulate points. The effects ofd-amphetamine and diazepam were altered by the instructed source of point loss.
Excitation Requirement for Rectified Output AC Generators

This paper develops a method for calculating the required dc field current of a three-phase synchronous ac generator for known dc load conditions and machine characteristics. The method is simple to apply and has shown good agreement with test data. The method is of utility for preliminary design and analysis of rectified output alternators, such as may be used in excitation systems of the largest ac generators, space vehicle power applications, or high-power industrial rectification.
Hyaluronan-mediated CD44 activation of RhoGTPase signaling and cytoskeleton function promotes tumor progression

Hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is enriched in many types of tumors. In cancer patients HA concentrations are usually higher in malignant tumors than in corresponding benign or normal tissues, and in some tumor types the level of HA is predictive of malignancy. HA is often bound to CD44 isoforms which are ubiquitous, abundant, and functionally important cell surface receptors. This article reviews the current evidence for HA/CD44-mediated activation of the ankyrin-based cytoskeleton and RhoGTPase signaling during tumor progression. A special focus is placed on the role of HA-mediated CD44 interaction with unique downstream effectors (e.g., the cytoskeletal protein, ankyrin and/or various GTPases (e.g., RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42)) in coordinating intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., Ca2+ mobilization, Rho signaling, PI3 kinase-AKT activation, NHE1-mediated cellular acidification, transcriptional upregulation and cytoskeletal function) and generating the concomitant onset of tumor cell activities (e.g., tumor cell adhesion, growth, survival, migration and invasion) and tumor progression. I believe this information will provide valuable new insights into poorly understood aspects of solid tumor malignancy. Furthermore, the new knowledge concerning HA/CD44-mediated oncogenic signaling events will have potentially important clinical utility, and could establish CD44 and its associated signaling molecules as important tumor markers for the early detection and evaluation of oncogenic potential. It could also serve as ground work for the future development of new drug targets to inhibit HA/CD44-mediated tumor metastasis and cancer progression.
Renal dysfunction in methylmalonic acidurias: review for the pediatric nephrologist

Methylmalonic acidurias are a heterogeneous group of inborn errors of branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Depending on the underlying etiology, acute or chronic renal disease constitutes major (long-term) complications. In recent decades, overall survival has improved due to optimized treatment strategies based on the use of standardized emergency protocols and dialysis techniques. The majority of these patients, especially those having mut°, cblB, and cblA deficiency, are at increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease secondary to tubulointerstitial nephritis to require hemo- or peritoneal dialysis. Kidney and/or liver transplantation, as organ replacement, or even gene therapy on a limited scale, are controversially discussed treatment options in methylmalonic acidurias. The pathophysiological basis of renal disease has not been clarified in detail until now, but a severe mitochondrial dysfunction and an impairment of tubular dicarboxylic acid transport due to accumulated toxic metabolic compounds has been recently proposed. Another severe renal complication of methylmalonic acidurias is the occurrence of cblC-associated infantile atypical hemolytic syndrome, which can result in acute kidney injury. Close collaboration between (pediatric) nephrologists and metabolic specialists is required for the long-term management of these patients.
The plant extracellular matrix

There is a lot of extmcellular matrix (EM) about, and most of it surrounds plant cells. But, despite its importance in functions ranging .from morphogenesis to pathogen resistance, relatively little work has been directed towards it at a cell biological level. This situation is partly explained by the relatively slow uptake of modem cell and molecular biology techniques by plant scientists, but it is also partly to do with the nature of the plant EM itself. Instead of being made largely of protein, as in animals, the major structural components are polysaccharides, an evolutionary strategy that was probably dictated by the limiting amounts of nitrogen in the plant’s environment. Polysaccharldes are a problem, and present far more di&ulties than proteins for both thechemist and the molecular biologist. In plant ceU wall polysaccharides there are a variety of sugar monomers, each of which has isomers of various kinds, can be linked via several different carbon atoms, can show branching, can be acetylated or ester&d, and can be cross-linked by a variety of other compounds such as phenol.&. In addition, being secondary gene products made without a template, they inevitably display a degree of microheterogeneity. Such daunting chemical complexity has, understandably, kept the chemists and biochemists busy, and there is now a large body of information about the relevant polymer chemistry. Much of that knowledge, however, needs interpreting in ceU biological terms, that relate to the structure, properties and function of the extracellular matrix.
Readmission Rates in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Granular Analysis?

Abstract A deeper understanding of readmissions in arthroplasty is warranted. We wanted to determine in primary THA patients: readmission rates; baseline characteristics of patients with/without readmissions; and readmission reasons. 201 consecutive patients were studied. Preoperative characteristics, patient-perceived-outcomes, and hip-scores were compared between patients with and without readmissions. Rates were 1% (readmitted n =2; 15-days), 3.5% (7; 30-days), 6.5% (13; 90-days), and 16.9% (34; 1-year). Readmitted patients had significantly worse preoperative comorbidities/outcome-scores when compared to non-readmitted patients. "Surgical-site infection" was the most frequent readmission reason within 30/90days. Within 1year, it was another elective joint. Fifty percent of readmissions were not related to the index-surgery (15-days). Preoperative health status affects rates. Many rehospitalizations are not related to the index-surgery and probably unpreventable.
Chaotic transfers in three- and four-body systems☆

Abstract We report on some numerical investigations on the chaotic behavior of certain spatial three- and four-body systems, subject to Newtonian gravitation. These configurations exhibit a new type of dynamics, mixing characteristics of the planar three-body problem and of the oscillatory motion introduced by Sitnikov.
Effects of Microscopic Diffusion on the Evolution of Metal-Poor Stars

Gravitational settling and microscopic diffusion affects the main sequence lifetimes, main sequence turn-off luminosities and temperatures of metal-poor halo stars. As a result, the inclusion of diffusion in the stellar evolution models has important consequences for age determinations of old stars. In contrast, diffusion has little impact on the post-main sequence evolution of metal-poor stars. Observations of the heavy element abundances in turn-off and giant branch stars in the globular cluster NGC 6397 suggest that diffusion occurs in metal-poor stars, but that the diffusion must be inhibited by turbulent mixing.
Some assortative mating models based on phenotype classes determined by a dominance ordering of multiple alleles

such that allele Aj is dominant to allele Ai for i gray > white (Kettlewell, 1973). In the Ladybird beetle, Aduliu Bipunctata (Creed, 197 la,b), a complete dominance series of at least 12 morphs exists. Shell color for Cepueu nemorulis (Cain and Sheppard, 1952; Ford, 1975) involves a dominance hierarchy including phenotypes white < pale-yellow < yellow < dark yellow < pale pink < pink < dark pink ( brown, further exhibiting strong (epistatic) linkage of the brown phenotype with banding pattern. There are also relevant dominance structures in melanic feral pigeons (Murton et al., 1973), in melanic Skua (O’Donald, 1976, 1980), in colors of the male ruff, Philomuchus pugnux, and a polar dominance series polymorphism in the guppy fish, Poeciliu reticulutu. The classic example of Papilio durdenus (Sheppard, 1958; Ford, 1975) exhibits a hierarchy of (incomplete) dominant alleles in a supergene structure. Only a few combinations are present, mostly those that produce mimics. Coat color in a variety of animals and plants, spot formations, and degree of smoothness often fall under simple gene control (or involving a few
On the generalization of equicofactor matrices

Eguicofactor properties of the entities occurring in electric networks and discrete elastic systems extend beyond the present definition of such entities. For instance, the zero-sum property of these matrices is, in fact, a particular version of a broader definition. The generalization is accomplished in using higher order submatrices as opposed to scalars (submatrices of order 1) in the present literature.
BIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF NEUROBLASTOMA

The neuroblastic tumors are derived from primordial neural crest cells, which ultimately populate the sympathetic ganglia, adrenal medulla, and other sites. 13 The resulting spectrum of tumor locations and variations in histopathologic differentiation yield a variety of neoplasms with diverse clinical and biologic characteristics and natural history. The predominant progress in outcomes of neuroblastoma has been in infants and older children with localized and regional disease through an increasing ability to recognize prognostic subsets of patients based on stage and age as well as an array of other clinical and biologic features. 13 Despite our broadened understanding of neuroblastoma biology, there has been only nominal improvement in cures rates of children with disseminated disease in the last 30 years. This article summarizes the evolving biology of neuroblastoma and its relationship to current risk-related therapy and future management strategies. Throughout this report, prognostic grouping by age will be infants (under 1 year) versus children (1 year or over) because the change of risk according to age seems most distinct at this cutoff point.
Estimation for boundary-value descriptor systems

In this paper we consider models for noncausal processes consisting of discrete-time descriptor dynamics and boundary conditions on the values of the process at the two ends of the interval on which the process is defined. We discuss the general solution and well-posedness of systems of this type and then apply the method of complementary processes to obtain a specification of the optimal smoother in terms of a boundary-value descriptor Hamiltonian system. We then study the implementation of the optimal smoother. Motivated by the Hamiltonian diagonalization results for nondescriptor systems, we show how the descriptor Hamiltonian dynamics can be transformed to two lower-order systems by the use of transformation matrices involving the solution of two generalized Riccati equations. We present several examples illustrating our results and the nature of the smoothing solution and also present equations for covariance analysis of boundary-value descriptor processes including the smoothing error.
The Effects of Computer-Assisted and Traditional Mastery Methods on Computation Accuracy and Attitudes

AbstractIn this study, the effects of instructional strategies designed to promote computation mastery were studied. These strategies included: traditional teacher-based mastery instruction with traditional teacher-based remedial tutoring, traditional mastery instruction with computerized remedial tutoring, computerized mastery instruction with computerized remedial tutoring; computerized mastery instruction with traditional remedial tutoring, and conventional nonmastery instruction. Analyses were conducted to examine the effects of mastery methods versus the conventional nonmastery methods and to study the effects of varied levels of traditional and computer-based mastery instruction. Mastery treatments were more effective than the nonmastery treatment for lesson achievement. Students performed best when the delivery system, traditional or computerized, was varied from initial instruction to remediation. No attitude differences were found between mastery and conventional instruction, but students receivi...
Prospective controlled evaluation of auditory function in neonates given netilmicin or amikacin

Longitudinal assessment of intensive care nursery infants given aminoglycoside antibiotics revealed no significant difference in the incidence of hearing impairment when compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Bilateral sensorineural impairment was confirmed in three (2%) infants, one each given netilmicin and amikacin and one untreated control infant. There was a high incidence of transient auditory abnormalities in this intensive care infant population. These findings emphasize the importance of long-term follow-up hearing evaluations in infants who require intensive care management in the neonatal period.
Performance of a wideband (3-14 GHz) dual-pol array

A test array of 25/spl times/25 dual-pol flared dipoles ("bunny-ears") was built and tested. It was designed for 3-14 GHz applications with a low profile (1.2 cm thick). The egg-crate radiating aperture can be integrated with a thin radome and the multi-layer feed to form a load-bearing structure of an airborne platform. The array has an instantaneous bandwidth of 10 GHz, manifested by an impulse response with 100 ps rise time. Smooth well-behaved "active" element patterns in the E-, H-, and diagonal plane were observed. Cross-pol components were typically 30 dB below the co-pol at broadside and 20 dB on average at 60 degree off axis. Element gain over the band was measured and the data tracked fairly well with the theoretical curve defined by the element's unit area gain (4/spl pi/A//spl lambda//sup 2/).
Neill S. Brown's mission to Russia, 1850–53

Neill S. Brown, who served as US minister to Russia from 1850 to 1853, had little formal education, no prior experience in diplomacy, and spoke only the English language. His support for a winning candidate for the presidency constituted his sole qualification for a diplomatic post. The question addressed in this article is how such an individual could author reports on Russian governance and society that qualify as minor classics in the literature of Russian‐American relations. Although the focus is on the 1850s, the analysis reaches across space and time to draw comparisons and contrasts between Brown and George Kennan, America's premier twentieth century interpreter of Russia. Despite significant differences between the two diplomats and between the Russia of Nicholas I and the Soviet Union of Josef Stalin, the suggestive parallels are helpful in understanding the statecraft of Neill Brown.
On the implementation of applicative languages on shared-memory, MIMD multiproce

This paper presents the performance of a set of algorithms written in SISAL [MSA*85] and run on multiprocessor Sequent, DEC, and Cray computers. We describe our current runtime system and discuss its implementation on each machine. We indicate where our automatic approach to parallelization works well, as well as sources of inefficient behavior. Overall we find our systems encouraging for the first release of the native-code generating software. We suggest improvements to the compiler and runtime systems, many already developed but not yet implemented, to alleviate the inefficiencies.
Introduction to Organic Thin Film Transistors and Design of n-Channel Organic Semiconductors

The development of new organic semiconductors with improved performance in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) is a major challenge for materials chemists. There is a particular need to develop air-stable n-channel (electron-conducting) organic semiconductors with performance comparable to that of p-channel (hole-conducting) materials, for organic electronics to realize the benefits of complementary circuit design, i.e., the ability to switch transistors with either positive or negative gate voltages. There have been significant advancements in the past five years. In terms of standard OTFT metrics such as the field effect mobility (μFET) and on-to-off current ratio (ION/IOFF), n-channel OTFTs have achieved performance comparable both to that of n-channel amorphous silicon TFTs and to that of the best reported p-channel (hole-conducting) OTFTs; however, issues of device stability linger. This review provides a detailed introduction to OTFTs, summarizes recent progress in the development of new n-channel...
The Distal Triceps Tendon Footprint and a Biomechanical Analysis of 3 Repair Techniques

BackgroundAnatomic repair of tendon ruptures is an important goal of surgical treatment. There are limited data on the triceps brachii insertion, footprint, and anatomic reconstruction of the distal triceps tendon.HypothesisAn anatomic repair of distal triceps tendon ruptures more closely imitates the preinjury anatomy and may result in a more durable repair.Study DesignDescriptive and controlled laboratory studies.MethodsThe triceps tendon footprint was measured in 27 cadaveric elbows, and a distal tendon rupture was created. Elbows were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 repair groups: cruciate repair group, suture anchor group, and anatomic repair group. Biomechanical measurement of load at yield and peak load were measured. Cyclic loading was performed for a total of 1500 cycles and displacement measured.ResultsThe average bony footprint of the triceps tendon was 466 mm2. Cyclic loading of tendons from the 3 repair types demonstrated that the anatomic repair produced the least amount of displacement when com...
Phase II study of intraperitoneal paclitaxel plus cisplatin and intravenous paclitaxel plus bevacizumab as adjuvant treatment of optimal stage II/III epithelial ovarian cancer

Purpose Intraperitoneal (IP) cisplatin and intravenous (IV) or IP paclitaxel constitute a standard therapy for optimally debulked ovarian cancer. Bevacizumab prolongs progression-free survival (PFS) when included in first-line IV chemotherapy. In this study, the safety and feasibility of adding bevacizumab to a first-line IP regimen were assessed. Patients and Methods Treatment was as follows: paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours day 1, cisplatin 75 mg/m2 IP day 2, and paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 IP day 8. Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV was given after paclitaxel on day 1 beginning in cycle 2. After six cycles of chemotherapy, bevacizumab was given every 3 weeks for 17 additional treatments. The primary end point was safety and tolerability determined by whether 60% of patients completed six cycles of IV/IP chemotherapy. Results Of 41 treated patients, 30 (73%) received six cycles of IV/IP chemotherapy and 35 (85%) received at least four cycles. Three (27%) of those who discontinued chemotherapy did so because of compli...
Towards an Openness Rating System for Open Source Software

Many open source software projects are not very open to third party developers. The point of open source is to enable anyone to fix bugs or add desired capabilities without holding them hostage to the original developers. This principle is important because an open source project's developers may be unresponsive or unable to meet third party needs, even if funding support for requested improvements is offered.This paper presents a simple rating system for evaluating the openness of software distributions. The rating system considers factors such as platform portability, documentation, licensing, and contribution policy. Several popular open source products are rated in order to illustrate the efficacy of the rating system.
Effects of a whole rice diet on metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers in prediabetes

Summary Background and aims Epidemiological studies have shown an association between consumption of white rice and prevalence of insulin resistance. We wanted to test the effect of substituting brown rice for white rice on insulin resistance. Methods A group of Chinese American (n = 100) with screening pre-diabetes in the area of Flushing, New York City, were randomized to either continue their usual white rice intake (n = 51) or change to brown rice (n = 49) for 3 months. Fasting blood was obtained at baseline and end of study in both groups for measurement of circulating and cellular (peripheral mononuclear cells) metabolic and inflammatory markers. Results Only 58 subjects (white rice = 28 and brown rice = 30) finished the study. Their analysis shows significant weight loss and fall of systolic and diastolic blood pressure only in those ingesting brown rice. Insulin and HOMA, serum AGEs and 8-isoprostane decreased, while SIRT1 mRNA increased in the brown rice group as compared to the white rice group. Conclusions Substituting brown rice for white rice in a pre-diabetes population with high daily consumption of rice has a very beneficial effect in improving their metabolic risk factors. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Moore's law: past, present and future

A simple observation, made over 30 years ago, on the growth in the number of devices per silicon die has become the central driving force of one of the most dynamic of the world's industries. Because of the accuracy with which Moore's Law has predicted past growth in IC complexity, it is viewed as a reliable method of calculating future trends as well, setting the pace of innovation, and defining the rules and the very nature of competition. And since the semiconductor portion of electronic consumer products keeps growing by leaps and bounds, the Law has aroused in users and consumers an expectation of a continuous stream of faster, better, and cheaper high-technology products. Even the policy implications of Moore's Law are significant: it is used as the baseline assumption in the industry's strategic road map for the next decade and a half.
Feedback-driven multiclass active learning for data streams

Active learning is a promising way to efficiently build up training sets with minimal supervision. Most existing methods consider the learning problem in a pool-based setting. However, in a lot of real-world learning tasks, such as crowdsourcing, the unlabeled samples, arrive sequentially in the form of continuous rapid streams. Thus, preparing a pool of unlabeled data for active learning is impractical. Moreover, performing exhaustive search in a data pool is expensive, and therefore unsuitable for supporting on-the-fly interactive learning in large scale data. In this paper, we present a systematic framework for stream-based multi-class active learning. Following the reinforcement learning framework, we propose a feedback-driven active learning approach by adaptively combining different criteria in a time-varying manner. Our method is able to balance exploration and exploitation during the learning process. Extensive evaluation on various benchmark and real-world datasets demonstrates the superiority of our framework over existing methods.
Critical Reflections on Experiential Learning for Food Justice

This essay will reflect on Santa Clara University's (SCU) forays into experiential learning around food justice through the Bronco Urban Gardens (BUG) program. BUG works with urban schools and a community center in San Jose, California, using a garden-based education approach. This program emerged out of our student garden, The Forge. University student farms and gardens provide opportunities for students to learn how to grow, manage, and market food. At Santa Clara University, our half-acre (0.2 hectare) garden plays that role. However, because of our institution's commitment to social justice and a strong network of community partners, our campus garden has blossomed into a larger food justice outreach program. We will first discuss the motivation behind experiential learning for social justice and reflect on its connection to food justice. We then focus on several observations, challenges, and questions that have emerged out of our BUG experiences. Some of those observations involve the challenge of working with students and community partners where the interests of both groups must be served. We also explore what food justice means in this context, and what it means when a program expands beyond the committed few to an entire student body. By engaging in food justice with low-income communities of color through innovative campus programs such as BUG, our students are likely to see the food system from a very different vantage point than if they stayed on campus, resulting in deep learning experiences and also benefits for communities.
Mortality in the Laying House

Abstract Mortality in laying flocks has a very important economic aspect and it modifies breeding practices in no small degree. For these reasons complete mortality records of Rhode Island Reds bred for high fecundity have been kept from time of hatching to time of disposal. The flock has been bred as a closed flock for many years, all birds are predigreed and all females are trapnested. A regular procedure is to house pullets at about six months of age during the month of September. Complete families are housed and there is no culling throughout the year. Pullets in the same laying house have an age range of about ten days and the usual number is about 230 in each 30×30 laying house. All pullets are confined until about the first of May when they are given an outside run of fall-sown rye. In June each group is moved into a summer . . .
Patterns of Supportive Mothering with 1-, 2-, and 3-Year-Olds by Ethnicity in Early Head Start

SYNOPSIS Objective . To examine patterns of supportive parenting during the first three years of life in low-income families from three ethnic backgrounds and document associations between these patterns and measures of children's development. Design . Mothers' supportiveness was longitudinally assessed from videotaped parent–child play interactions at 1, 2, and 3 years of age in 1,095 low-income European American, African American, and Latin American mothers and their children who participated in Early Head Start. Links between mothering and 5-year-olds' outcomes were examined. Results . Cluster analysis performed separately for the three ethnic groups identified four patterns of supportiveness over time: High Stable, Low Stable, Increasing, and Decreasing. Similar proportions of mothers in each ethnic group displayed each pattern. Ethnic differences in mean levels of supportiveness within each pattern were found, and different correlates for each group emerged. Conclusions . The same four patterns were ...
Theories and intervention approaches to health-behavior change in primary care

Content: Providers typically rely on health information and their professional status to convince patients to change. Health-behavior theories and models suggest more effective methods for accomplishing patient compliance and other behavior change related to treatment regimens. Behavior modification stresses the remediation of skill deficits or using positive and negative reinforcement to modify performance. Like behavior modification, the Health Belief Model stresses a reduction of environmental barriers to behavior. Social Learning Theory suggests that perceptions of skills and reinforcement may more directly determine behavior. Self-management models put the above theories into self-change actions. Social support theories prioritize reinforcement delivered through social networks, whereas the Theory of Reasoned Action emphasizes perceptions of social processes. Finally, the Transtheoretical Model speaks of the necessity to match interventions to cognitive-behavioral stages. Strategies derived from each of these theories are suggested herein.
A cross-cultural comparison of the factor structure of selected tests of divergent thinking.

(1967). A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Factor Structure of Selected Tests of Divergent Thinking. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 13-21.
The New Instructional Leadership: Creating Data-Driven Instructional Systems in School:

The recent press for high-stakes accountability has challenged school leaders to use data to guide the practices of teaching and learning. This article considers how local school leaders build data...
Using structural modeling to guarantee timing consistency

As device performances continue to improve, timing simulation becomes an ever-increasing requirement. Many devices available today, especially programmable ones, have inadequately or inconsistently specified timing parameters. Because cumulative timing delays in a structural model are simply a set of equations, these inconsistencies make it impossible to structurally model the device. A way to check for and identify these inconsistencies is needed. The answer is a simple step-by-step process which will guarantee consistency between timing parameters, thereby resulting in more accurate and realistic device timing specifications. The author discusses a method developed to solve the problems caused by inconsistent timing specifications while creating a structural device model. This method uses five steps to identify and correct, if feasible, any inconsistencies between timing specifications for a given device. >
Genetic analysis of the Staphylococcus epidermidis Macromolecular Synthesis Operon: Serp1129 is an ATP binding protein and sigA transcription is regulated by both σA- and σB-dependent promoters

Background The highly conserved macromolecular synthesis operon (MMSO) contains both dnaG (primase) and sigA (primary sigma factor). However, in previously evaluated gram-positive species, the MMSO is divergent upstream of dnaG. The MMSO of Bacillus subtilis contains three open reading frames (ORFs) that are differentially regulated by multiple promoters. In conjunction with studies to determine the expression profile of dnaG, the MMSO of Staphylococus epidermidis was characterized.
Chapter 2 The Pyrrolidine Alkaloids

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the pyrrolidine alkaloids. The recent investigations to be described relate to hygrine, hygroline, cuscohygrine, stachydrine, betonicine, and turicine. The structure of carpaine has also been fully elucidated, and this alkaloid has been shown to be a piperidine and not a pyrrolidine alkaloid and hence will be described under the heading “The Pyridine Alkaloids.” It is reported that the catalytic reduction of the product of the reaction of N-methylpyrrole and diazoacetone gave dl -hygrine. Hygroline has been synthesized by the catalytic reduction of l -hygrine. Cuscohygrine has been detected in the fresh roots of Atropa belladonna. The stereochemistry of the hydroxyproline betaines, betonicine and turicine, has now been done by the use of nonepimerizing methylating conditions on hydroxyprolines of known stereochemistry.
Can Ranchers Slow Climate Change

Carbon credits can be created on rangelands at costs that are competitive with credits from cropland and forestry, revealing that ranchers could play a role in reducing climate change. DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v26i4_campbell
Carry It On: The War on Poverty and the Civil Rights Movement in Alabama, 1964-1972

This title presents civil rights, economic justice, and the competition for political power after the Voting Rights Act."Carry It On" is an in-depth study of how the local struggle for equality in Alabama fared in the wake of new federal laws - the Civil Rights Act, the Economic Opportunity Act, and the Voting Rights Act. Susan Youngblood Ashmore provides a sharper definition to changes set in motion by the fall of legal segregation. She focuses her detailed story on the Alabama Black Belt and on the local projects funded by the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), the federal agency that supported programs in a variety of cities and towns in Alabama. Black Belt activists who used OEO funds understood that the structural underpinnings of poverty were key components of white supremacy, says Ashmore. They were motivated not only to end poverty but also to force local governments to comply with new federal legislation aimed at achieving racial equality on a number of fronts.Ashmore looks closely at the interactions among local activists, elected officials, businesspeople, landowners, bureaucrats, and others who were involved in or affected by OEO projects. "Carry It On" offers a nuanced picture of the OEO, an agency too broadly criticized; a new look at the rise of southern Black Power; and a compelling portrait of local citizens struggling for control over their own lives. Ashmore provides a more complete understanding of how southerners worked to define for themselves how freedom would come during the years shaped by the civil rights movement and the war on poverty.
Thermoregulation and Raynaud's Phenomenon

1. Hand heat elimination was measured during central body heating or cooling to evaluate the sensitivity of thermoregulation in patients exhibiting Raynaud9s Phenomenon. 2. Patients with Raynaud9s Phenomenon responded to central heating and cooling very much as did normal subjects. 3. Patients with Raynaud9s Phenomenon and associated connective tissue disease do not vasodilate in the hand in response to central heating as much as normals. These findings are compatible with the concept of a local structural defect in the blood vessels of the hand. 4. The nature of the abnormality causing Raynaud9s Phenomenon is not apparent but it does not appear to be due to an increased sensitivity of the central thermoregulatory system.
Lymphadenopathy and entero-vesical fistula in Fabry's disease

A case of a 55-year-old man with known Fabry's disease, complicated by entero-vesical fistula and associated with enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, is reported. Histopathologic and ultrastructural findings of the involved lymph nodes are described, and pathogenesis of the entero-vesical fistula is briefly discussed. This is the first case, to the authors' knowledge, of urologic complication in Fabry's disease.