cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal parous rates in Hybomitra lasiophthalma (Diptera: Tabanidae).

Dissections to determine parity in a population of Hybomitra lasiophthalma revealed that 36% completed a first ovarian cycle and sought a second bloodmeal. The seasonal profiles of the population and the percentage of parous flies indicate that the flies were short lived and that probably only a small fraction of the population completed a second ovarian cycle.
Localization of globin gene replication in Friend leukemia cells to a specific interval of the S phase

Murine erythroblastic leukemia cells, infected with Friend leukemia virus, were grown and synchronized in suspension culture by a double-block procedure involving medium depletion and treatment with excess thymidine. Replicating cultures were then caused to synthesize DNA during the early, middle, or late third of the S period with bromodeoxyuridine as a precursor. The bromodeoxyuridine density-labeled DNA and normal DNA were isolated by sedimentation in a cesium chloride density gradient and analyzed for the level of globin-specific DNA by hybridization with radioactive cDNA of the globin messenger RNA. Globin genes were found to be replicated near the end of the middle third of the S phase. The incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA also resulted in a lowered induction of hemoglobin synthesis in dimethyl sulfoxide-treated cells. In this case, the sensitivity was correlated with the introduction of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA replicated in early S phase. The possibility that this fraction of DNA, which is low in globin gene content, carries genes regulating the erythroid differentiation or the expression of globin genes is discussed.
“Bound Water” in Keratin Membranes measured by a Microbalance Technique

The amount of “bound water” in dense biological membranes such as human stratum corneum (keratin) can be estimated from the water desorption curves of the hydrated tissue. A distinct decrease in the rate of desorption, measured continuously with a microbalance, marks the transition between the elimination of free water and “bound water” from the tissue. The amount of “bound water” in fully hydrated stratum corneum can be as much as five times the dry weight of the tissue.
Two tumor models of curative adoptive chemoimmunotherapy using tumor-infiltrated spleen cells with potent antitumor cytotoxicity stimulated by antigen-sharing tumors.

Previously we have established curative protocols for adoptive chemoimmunotherapy (ACIT) of mice bearing different plasmacytomas that are known to bear cross-reacting antigens: (a) the cure of mice bearing an early-stage, nonpalpable MOPC-315 tumor by a very low dose of cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg) and cultured MOPC-315-tumor-infiltrated (TI) spleen cells (25×106) and (b) the cure of mice bearing a late-stage, relatively drug-resistant, highly metastatic RPC-5 tumor with cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) and cultured RPC-5 TI spleen cells (25×106−50×106). In both models, the spleen cells were obtained from mice bearing a late-stage tumor and were cultured for 5 days in the presence of polyethyleneglycol 6000 and autochthonous tumor cells as a source of tumor antigen. Here we show that RPC-5 tumor cells could substitute for MOPC-315 tumor cells in the 5-day culture of MOPC-315 TI spleen cells so that they became curative in ACIT for mice bearing an early-stage MOPC-315 tumor. Similarly, MOPC-315 tumor cells could substitute for RPC-5 tumor cells in the 5-day culture of RPC-5 TI spleen cells so that they became curative in ACIT of mice bearing a late-stage RPC-5 tumor. In addition, RPC-5 TI spleen cells cultured with either MOPC-315 or RPC-5 tumor cells were effective in curing all mice bearing an early-stage MOPC-315 tumor by ACIT. However, MOPC-315 TI spleen cells whether cultured with MOPC-315 or RPC-5 tumor cells, were much less effective than cultured RPC-5 TI spleen cells in curing mice bearing a late-stage RPC-5 tumor by ACIT (although the survival of these mice was extended significantly). Interestingly, whereas RPC-5 TI spleen cells cultured with either MOPC-315 or RPC-5 tumor cells were as effective as MOPC-315 TI spleen cells cultured under the same conditions in lysing MOPC-315 tumor cells in vitro, MOPC-315 TI spleen cells that had been cultured with either MOPC-315 or RPC-5 tumor cells exerted a much weaker in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against RPC-5 tumor cells than did RPC-5 TI spleen cells that had been cultured under the same conditions.
Peripheral administration of poly I:C disrupts contextual fear memory consolidation and BDNF expression in mice

In the current study, administration of poly I:C induced a deficit in contextual, but not auditory-cue, fear memory consolidation. This memory deficit coincided with a decrease in hippocampal and cortical BDNF mRNA expression. These results extend prior work, and suggest that a single peripheral injection of poly I:C disrupts contextual fear memory consolidation processes in adult mice, and that these deficits may potentially be mediated by diminished BDNF expression.
Photothermal spectroscopy of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus with microcantilevers

Microcalorimetric optical and infrared spectroscopy is a method of determining the spectral absorption of small quantities of materials over a wide range of incident wavelengths. In this paper, the first spectroscopic results for microcantilevers coated with Bacillus anthracis (BA) are presented. These results, for B. anthracis from 2.5 to 14.5 μm, are compared with results from microcantilevers coated with Bacillus cereus (BC) and standard spectroscopic absorption data. The results demonstrate strong correlation between the deflection measurements and the reference spectroscopic absorption peaks. An advantage of this microcantilever-based method over traditional spectroscopy is that much smaller amounts of material (nanogram quantities) can be detected in comparison with the milligram amounts needed for standard methods. Another advantage is that the complete system can be relatively small without sacrificing spectral resolution.
On the tight-binding theory of C60

Abstract Optical absorption in a C 60 molecule is calculated within a one-electron tight-binding model. It is seen that it is necessary to include non-zero second-neighbor hopping in order to explain the experimental absorption spectrum. Thus, the second-neighbor hopping plays a stronger role in C 60 than in linear conjugated polymers.
The preparation and allylation of perfluoroallyl cadmium and copper reagents

Abstract Perfluoroallyl iodide reacts readily with acid-washed cadmium powder in DMF at 0°C to give the F-allylcadmium reagent. Metathesis of F-allylcadmium with Cu(I)Br at −35° C in DMF gives the F-allylcopper reagent. With zinc powder, perfluoroallyl iodide affords mainly F-1,5-hexadiene. Only a low yield of F-allylzinc was detected. Both F-allylcadmium and F-allylcopper react with allyl bromide to yield 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-1,5-hexadiene.
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT AND REVERSIBILITY OF THOUGHT IN EQUATION SOLVING

Equation solving is a necessary prerequisite to the solution of many mathematical problems. Failure to solve equations correctly is common among many high school and early college students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between the developmental levels of students and their performance on equation solving when different reversible processes are applied. In order to study this relationship, a conceptual link between intellectual development and reversibility of thought in equation solving will first be established. To solve an equation means to find all those numbers that satisfy the equation. Reversibility of thought is implicit in equation solving, and different forms of reversibility may be applied to solve a given equation. According to Piaget's theory of intellectual development, two different forms of reversibility-negations (inversions) and reciprocities (compensations)-are applicable on the level of concrete operations. The coordination between these two forms of reversibility within the same system was defined to be a trait of formal operations (Inhelder & Piaget, 1958). Negation, or inversion, means reversing an action by "undoing" it, and reciprocity, or compensation, means reversing an action by cancelling for its effects. For example, given a balance at equilibrium when an object is placed on one of its sides, disequilibrium occurs. Equilibrium is restored by either removing the object (inverting the action) or by compensating for its effect by placing an equivalent weight on the other side of the balance. Inverse transformations are applicable within the class groupings of concrete operations, whereas compensatory transformations are applicable within the relational groupings of concrete operations. Although both inversions and compensations are applied on concrete operations, the application of inversions is expected to be developmentally simpler than the application of compensations, since the class groupings of concrete operations develop before the relational groupings (Flavell, 1963).
Histological Characterization of Pulmonary Transplant Patients with Donor Specific Antibodies and Those without

Purpose Allogeneic antibodies to HLA antigens are implicated in the pathogenesis of antibody mediated rejection (AMR). We compared the frequency and class of panel reactive antibodies (PRAs) and donor specific antibodies (DSAs) with histologic features of rejection in a series of lung transplant patients. Methods and Materials We prospectively graded cellular rejection (CR) by ISHLT criteria in a series of transbronchial biopsies. The presence of alveolar septal macrophages and neutrophils was assessed separately, as well as intra-alveolar fibrin and hemosiderin laden macrophages. Immunohistochemical staining against C4d, C3d, and CD68 was performed in all cases. We retrospectively compared these findings with HLA serology as assayed by single antigen and multiple antigens Luminex ® beads. PRA was considered significant if positivity is >20%. DSA was considered positive if the mean fluorescence index is >1000. Results There were 509 biopsies from 89 patients, 54 men (62 ± 13 years) and 35 women (59 ± 13 years). There were 36 patients with at least one episode of CR. There was no correlation between CR and PRA to HLA class I antigens. PRA to HLA class II antigens were seen more frequently in patients with ≥1 biopsy with CR (p = .06). Patients with positive DSAs were more likely to have an episode of CR (p=.001), and the rate was highest in patients with combined A and B rejection, and with antibodies to HLA class II (DQ and DR) antigens. 7 patients had ≥ 1 biopsy with intracapillary macrophages with or without neutrophils; 5 of these had DSA, compared to 21 of 81 patients without (p = .02). There was no correlation between intra-alveolar fibrin, hemosiderin, or positivity with complement by immunohistochemistry with PRA or DSA (all p > 0.3). Conclusions Alloantibodies with donor specificity, especially against HLA class II antigens, are more frequent in patients with cellular rejection and intracapillary macrophages with or without neutrophils.
Rotational analysis of the 5933 Å band of NO2

Abstract By exciting NO2 with a narrow band (0.035 cm−1 FWHM) tunable dye laser in the region of 5935 A, an extensive analysis of the K = 0, 1, and 2 subbands of a vibronic transition has been carried out. The analysis of this transition proves that the upper state has the electronic symmetry 2B2. The origin of the analyzed band is placed at 16 849.48 cm−1 and the following molecular constants provide a best fit to the measured line positions: Av = 7.85 cm−1, Bv = 0.451 cm−1, Cv = 0.394 cm−1, and ϵbb + ϵcc = −0.0877 cm−1. The band exhibits a number of obvious perturbations with a marked intensity falloff for increasing N and K values. Large centrifugal distortion constants are required, apparently caused by N-dependent perturbations. A large inertial defect, Δ = 3.26 amu A 2 , is also found. By attributing the inertial defect to the vibrational dependence of Av, we estimate the geometry for the NO22B2 excited state extrapolated to the vibrational origin to be r 0 = 1.31 A and θ0 = 111°.
Absorption spectrum of water vapour in the region of 23 cm(-1) at low temperatures.

THE absorption of submillimetre radiation by the Earth's atmosphere is dominated by the pure rotation spectrum, of the water molecule. If we are looking at submillimetre wave spectra for evidence of the presence in the atmosphere of species other than monomeric water, then regions in the gaps between the more intense lines of this molecule are of particular importance. One of these gaps where a number of measurements have been made is in the vicinity of 23 cm−1 (435 µm wavelength). Here the absorption as measured by recording solar radiation coming through a slant path in the atmosphere is too great to be explained by considering only monomeric water vapour lines and magnetic dipole oxygen lines1. It is therefore of interest to investigate the cause of the additional absorption by making laboratory measurements.
The influence of rice plant age on susceptibility to the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus

Plant age- and plant stage-related changes in the resistance of rice, Oryza sativa, to its most important insect pest in the US, the rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), were investigated in a series of field and greenhouse choice and no-choice studies. Rice plants were susceptible to infestation by rice water weevils over a broad range of plant ontogenetic stages, from at least the early vegetative stage to well into the reproductive stage. There was, however, a clear preference expressed by rice water weevils in both choice and no-choice experiments for plants in (or nearly in) the tillering stage of development, with pre-tillering and reproductive stage plants less preferred. The relationship between rice plant age and susceptibility to weevils is thus nonlinear. This study constitutes one of the most thorough studies to date of the relationship in a grass species between plant age and susceptibility to herbivores. The results provide a biological explanation for observed patterns of weevil infestations and a rationale for the cultural practice of delayed flooding.
MAGNETOTRANSPORT AND THE MAGNETIC PHASE DIAGRAM OF SUPERCONDUCTING ErNi2B2C

We report magnetotransport measurements made on the anisotropic magnetic superconductor ErNi2B2C. We observe a minimum in the magnetoresistance with fields along the a-axis, a behavior consistent with the high field quenching of magnetic scattering. When the field is applied along the c-axis the magnetoresistance is positive. The temperature of the antiferromagnetic phase transition is depressed by magnetic fields applied along the c-axis (as it is along the a-axis) and is suppressed near 17 T. A feature in the first derivative of the temperature dependent resistivity may be related to the weak ferromagnetic phase. We find the temperature at which this feature occurs to be independent of magnetic fields to 18 T.
Contribution of angiography to the diagnosis, staging and assessment of radiation and chemotherapy of solid abdominal malignancies in children

Sequential angiographic studies were done in six children to stage and assess the results of radiation and/or chemotherapy of solid abdominal malignancies: one bilateral Wilms' tumor, two neuroblastomas, two hepatoblastomas and one hepatocarcinoma. Angiography was of value in demonstrating the tumor, its location, extent and vascular characteristics, as well as its regression and recurrence. Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma responded and well to radiation and chemotherapy with substantial decrease in tumor size and regression or disappearance of tumor neovasculature. Resceted tumors revealed this to be due to tumor necrosis, hemorrhage and/or cystic degeneration. Hepatoblastoma and hepatocarcinoma did not respond as well to chemotherapy, with only mild decrease in size and neovasculature of the tumor.
A kinetic assessment of the C. elegans amyloid disaggregation activity enables uncoupling of disassembly and proteolysis

Protein aggregation is a common feature of late onset neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. In Alzheimer's disease, misassembly of the Abeta peptide is genetically linked to proteotoxicity associated with disease etiology. A reduction in Abeta proteotoxicity is accomplished, in part, by the previously reported Abeta disaggregation and proteolysis activities-under partial control of heat shock factor 1, a transcription factor regulating proteostasis in the cytosol and negatively regulated by insulin growth factor signaling. Herein, we report an improved in vitro assay to quantify recombinant fibrillar Abeta disaggregation kinetics accomplished by the exogenous application of C.elegans extracts. With this assay we demonstrate that the Abeta disaggregation and proteolysis activities of C.elegans are separable. The disaggregation activity found in C.elegans preparations is more heat resistant than the proteolytic activity. Abeta disaggregation in the absence of proteolysis was found to be a reversible process. Future discovery of the molecular basis of the disaggregation and proteolysis activities offers the promise of delaying the age-onset proteotoxicity that leads to neurodegeneration in a spectrum of maladies.
Mechanisms of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Persons With Traumatic Amputation of a Lower Extremity

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. The incidence of AAA in older Americans approaches 30%. The most common place of AAA is infrarenal abdominal aorta where oscillatory shear stress (OSS) is present. OSS is known to initiate an inflammatory response in the endothelium. It is known that there is up to a 5-fold increase in the occurrence of AAA in individuals with traumatic amputation of a lower extremity. This increased AAA occurrence is unrelated to co-morbid conditions. We recruited 3 healthy volunteers who underwent infrarenal abdominal aortic Magnetic Resonance angiography and phase contrast imaging. These measurements were done at base line and with acute arterial blood flow occlusion to lower extremity with a blood pressure cuff to mimic amputation. The collected data was used to calculate systolic forward and diastolic retrograde blood flow and wall shear stress during cardiac cycle. Our results suggest that mimicking amputation produces a nearly doubling of retrograde blood flow with ∼50% increase of negative WSS. These changes are more pronounced on the contralateral to the “amputation” side. We conclude that lower extremity traumatic amputations may lead to augmentation of OSS in infrarenal aorta causing AAA development.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
P.29: Distinguished Poster: Perception of Sparkle in Anti-Glare Display Screens

: We describe a series of psychophysical experiments to quantify the relationships between anti-glare glass treatments and perceived sparkle in emissive displays. The experiments show that: 1) a new measure pixel-power-deviation (PPD) correlates well with perceived sparkle; 2) tests of sparkle using small samples provide a conservative bound on perceived sparkle in display-sized samples; and 3) sparkle visibility is affected by the content of displayed images.
Noble gases in presolar diamonds I: Three distinct components and their implications for diamond origins

High-purity separates of presolar diamond were prepared from 14 primitive chondrites from 7 compositional groups. Their noble gases were measured using stepped pyrolysis. Three distinct noble gas components are present in diamonds, HL, P3, and P6, each of which is found to consist of five noble gases. P3, released between 200 C and 900 C, has a 'planetary' elemental abundance pattern and roughly 'normal' isotopic ratios. HL, consisting of isotopically anomalous Xe-HL and Kr-H, Ar with high Ar-38/Ar-36, and most of the gas making up Ne-A2 and He-A, is released between 1100 C and 1600 C. HL has 'planetary' elemental ratios, except that it has much more He and Ne than other known 'planetary' components. HL gases are carried in the bulk diamonds, not in some trace phase. P6 has a slightly higher median release temperature than HL and is not cleanly separated from HL by stepped pyrolysis. Our data suggest that P6 has roughly 'normal' isotopic compositions and 'planetary' elemental ratios. Both P3 and P6 seem to be isotopically distinct from P1, the dominant 'planetary' noble-gas component in primitive chondrites. Release characteristics suggest that HL and P6 are sited in different carriers within the diamond fractions, while P3 may be sited near the surfaces of the diamonds. We find no evidence of separability of Xe-H and Xe-L or other isotopic variations in the HL component. However, because approximately 10(exp 10) diamonds are required to measure a Xe composition, a lack of isotopic variability does not constrain diamonds to come from a single source. In fact, the high abundance of diamonds in primitive chondrites and the presence of at least three distinct noble-gas components strongly suggest that diamonds originated in many sources. Relative abundances of noble-gas components in diamonds correlate with degree of thermal processing, indicating that all meteorites sampled essentially the same mixture of diamonds. That mixture was probably inherited from the Sun's parent molecular cloud.
THE STIMULUS FOR THE WATER-BALANCE RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION IN TOADS

Abstract 1. 1. Changes in rates of water exchange similar to those caused by dehydration (enhanced cutaneous uptake and reduced urinary loss) are elicited by injection of hyperosmotic solutions of NaCl or sucrose. 2. 2. Rates of water exchange bear the same relation to plasma sodium concentration in both dehydrated and NaCl loaded toads. 3. 3. Injection of a hyperosmotic urea solution does not affect rates of water exchange. 4. 4. Loss of blood causes toads to take up amounts of water greater than those excreted. 5. 5. Small volumes of plasma from dehydrated toads cause cutaneous water uptake to exceed urine production when injected into hydrated individuals.
RONALD K. S. MACAULAY , Extremely common eloquence: Constructing Scottish identity through narrative

Ronald K. S. Macaulay, Extremely common eloquence: Constructing Scottish identity through narrative. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2005. 299. Pb. $81.The title frames Macaulay's volume concisely. For British English speakers (but perhaps less so for Americans), the collocation “extremely common eloquence” plays on the negative stereotype that M is challenging: that of working-class people as taciturn and inarticulate. In the subtitle we find clues to the “language in use” orientation of the book, the British regional focus, and the primary data.
Multiple forms of esterases in mouse, rat, and rabbit liver, and their role in hydrolysis of organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides

Abstract Six to seven esterases from mouse, rat, and rabbit liver microsomes were resolved by chromatofocusing in the pH range 7–4. Each esterase peak showed a different substrate specificity pattern with the substrates evaluated. Malathion and paraoxon hydrolysis always corresponded with p -nitrophenyl acetate and methylthiobutyrate hydrolysis, whereas the pattern of fenvalerate hydrolysis was more complicated. Phosphorotriester hydrolase activity was isolated, and was found to be more specific toward paraoxon than toward the other insecticides. Time-course studies of paraoxon hydrolysis indicated that the hydrolysis of paraoxon by carboxylesterase was an inhibitory reaction. This reaction and phosphorotriester hydrolase activity can serve as a detoxication reaction toward organophosphate insecticides.
Revised age of deglaciation of Lake Emma based on new radiocarbon and macrofossil analyses

Previous radiocarbon ages of detrital moss fragments in basal organic sediments of Lake Emma indicated that extensive deglaciation of the San Juan Mountains occurred prior to 14,900 yr B.P. (Carrara et al., 1984). Paleoecological analyses of insect and plant macrofossils from these basal sediments cast doubt on the reliability of the radiocarbon ages. Subsequent accelerator radiocarbon dates of insect fossils and wood fragments indicate an early Holocene age, rather than a late Pleistocene age, for the basal sediments of Lake Emma. These new radiocarbon ages suggest that by at least 10,000 yr B.P. deglaciation of the San Juan Mountains was complete. The insect and plant macrofossils from the basal organic sediments indicate a higher-than-present treeline during the early Holocene. The insect assemblages consisted of about 30% bark beetles, which contrasts markedly with the composition of insects from modern lake sediments and modern specimens collected in the Lake Emma cirque, in which bark beetles comprise only about 3% of the assemblages. In addition, in the fossil assemblages there were a number of flightless insect species (not subject to upslope transport by wind) indicative of coniferous forest environments. These insects were likewise absent in the modern assemblage.
Effectiveness of Medical Nutrition Therapy and Self Management Training in Lowering Hemoglobin Ale Values

Abstract Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and self management training (SMT) provided specifically by a R.D. in lowering hemoglobin Ale (HbAlc) values. Additionally, correlations were calculated between patients* perceived diabetes control versus actual control as assessed by HbAlc. Methods: Subjects consisted of 15 Type I and 87 Type 2 diabetics diagnosed for at least six months. Patients who were pregnant or had end-stage renal disease were excluded. Medical records were reviewed before and after nutrition education sessions with the R.D. Data on patient level of understanding, demographics, anthropometries and goals were collected. Results: Mean pre-education HbAlc of 9.32% decreased significantly to 7.74% (p Conclusion: MNT and SMT provided by an R.D. is effective in improving diabetes control in all subjects. Improved control results in decreased complications and thus significant cost savings.
Computational studies of lithium affinities for zeolitic fragments

Abstract In this Letter, we report optimized structures and lithium affinities of a series of anionic zeolitic fragments [H 3 Al(OCH 3 ) x (OSiH 3 ) 1– x − 2T, H 2 Al(OCH 3 ) x (OSiH 3 ) 2– x − 3T, Al(OCH 3 ) x (OSiH 3 ) 4– x − 5T] that mimic the charge sites in polyelectrolytes. Ab initio molecular orbital methods at different levels of theory are used. The lithium affinities are much larger than the corresponding sodium affinities, indicating stronger interactions between lithium cations and these zeolitic fragments. The substitution of silicon by carbon increases the lithium affinity and the effect is generally larger than in the sodium systems.
Towards multidimensional genome annotation

Our information about the gene content of organisms continues to grow as more genomes are sequenced and gene products are characterized. Sequence-based annotation efforts have led to a list of cellular components, which can be thought of as a one-dimensional annotation. With growing information about component interactions, facilitated by the advancement of various high-throughput technologies, systemic, or two-dimensional, annotations can be generated. Knowledge about the physical arrangement of chromosomes will lead to a three-dimensional spatial annotation of the genome and a fourth dimension of annotation will arise from the study of changes in genome sequences that occur during adaptive evolution. Here we discuss all four levels of genome annotation, with specific emphasis on two-dimensional annotation methods.
Undecidability in Rn: Riddled Basins, the KAM Tori, and the Stability of the Solar System

Abstract Some have suggested that certain classical physical systems have undecidable long‐term behavior, without specifying an appropriate notion of decidability over the reals. We introduce such a notion, decidability in μ (or d‐ μ) for any measure μ, which is particularly appropriate for physics and in some ways more intuitive than Ko’s (1991) recursive approximability (r.a.). For Lebesgue measure λ, d‐ λ implies r.a. Sets with positive λ‐measure that are sufficiently “riddled” with holes are never d‐ λ but are often r.a. This explicates Sommerer and Ott’s (1996) claim of uncomputable behavior in a system with riddled basins of attraction. Furthermore, it clarifies speculations that the stability of the solar system (and similar systems) may be undecidable, for the invariant tori established by KAM theory form sets that are not d‐ λ.
Autoregressive Moving Average Spectral Estimation: A Model Equation Error Procedure

A procedure is presented for generating an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) spectral model of a stationary time series based upon a finite set of time series' observations. The ARMA model's autoregressive coefficients are estimated by minimizing a quadratic function of a set of basic error terms. In examples treated to date, this method has demonstrated an exceptional ability in resolving closely spaced narrow band signals in a low signal-to-noise environment where other procedures such as the maximum entropy method often fail. Its effectiveness on other classes of time series also shows promise and a more general evaluation is presently being conducted. With this in mind, the new ARMA procedure promises to be an important spectral estimation tool.
Estrogen decreases 5-HT1B autoreceptor mRNA in selective subregion of rat dorsal raphe nucleus: Inverse association between gene expression and anxiety behavior in the open field

We have recently shown that estrogen decreases anxiety and increases expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2), the rate-limiting enzyme for 5-HT synthesis. However, the effects of estrogen on 5-HT release and reuptake may also affect the overall availability of 5-HT in the forebrain. Estrogen has been previously shown to have no effect on the inhibitory 5-HT 1A autoreceptor (5-HT(1A)) in the rat dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN); however the regulation of the inhibitory 5-HT 1B autoreceptor (5-HT(1B)) in the midbrain raphe by estrogen has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we examined the effects of estrogen on 5-HT(1B) mRNA in the rat DRN, focusing on specific subregions, and whether 5-HT(1B) mRNA levels correlated with TPH2 mRNA levels and with anxiety-like behavior. Ovariectomized rats were treated for 2 weeks with estrogen or placebo, exposed to the open field test, and 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) mRNA was quantified by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Estrogen had no effect on 5HT(1A) mRNA in any of the DRN subregions examined, confirming a previous report. In contrast, estrogen selectively decreased 5-HT(1B) mRNA in the mid-ventromedial subregion of the DRN, where 5-HT(1B) mRNA was associated with higher anxiety-like behavior and inversely correlated with TPH2 mRNA levels. These results suggest that estrogen may reduce 5-HT(1B) autoreceptor and increase TPH2 synthesis in a coordinated fashion, thereby increasing the capacity for 5-HT synthesis and release in distinct forebrain regions that modulate specific components of anxiety behavior.
Distinct populations of cells in the adult dentate gyrus undergo mitosis or apoptosis in response to adrenalectomy.

Granule neurons of the rat dentate gyrus are born in adulthood as well as during development. Apoptotic cell death also occurs normally in this population throughout the life of the rat. Removal of adrenal steroids results in both increased production and increased degeneration of dentate gyrus granule cells. In order to determine whether the age of a cell affects its response to adrenalectomy (ADX), the numbers of dentate gyrus cells of different ages were assessed following ADX or sham operation. Older cells, i.e., those labeled with the thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) on postnatal day (P) 6, were reduced in number following ADX on P60, and some had the morphologic characteristics of degenerating cells, indicating that significant numbers of mature cells die in response to ADX. In contrast, the number of younger cells, labeled with 3H-thymidine or BrdU in adulthood, 24 hours or 2 weeks before ADX, did not decrease, suggesting that these less mature cells do not die following ADX. An increase in the number of cells that are immunoreactive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker of dividing or recently mitotic cells, indicates that immature dentate gyrus cells divide following ADX. These results suggest that following ADX, mature cells born during the 1st postnatal week die, whereas immature cells divide.
Avitocaligus evoxymetoponicola, a new species of Caligidae (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on Poey’s scabbardfish, Evoxymetopon poeyi Günther, 1887 (Trichiuridae), from Japan

Avitocaligus evoxymetoponicola nov. sp. (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Caligidae) is described as the second representative of the genus based on specimens of both sexes recovered from the branchial and nasal cavities of Poey’s scabbardfish, Evoxymetopon poeyi Gunther, 1887 (Trichiuridae), caught off Cape Muroto, on the Pacific coast of southern Japan. This new species is easily distinguishable from the type species, A. assurgericola Boxshall & Justine, 2005, parasitic on the razorback scabbardfish, Assurger anzac (Alexander, 1917), by the contour of the lateral and dorsoposterior plates of the genital complex and the ventral plates of the first abdominal somite, in addition to the possession of postantennal processes and marginal membranes on the frontal plates. The description of the male is given here for the first time for this genus. The maxilliped of the male is unique in having a rod-like myxal process.
Quantitative comparison of immunoglobulins in atopic (reaginic) and nonatopic (nonreaginic) individuals: Higher γD levels in atopic sera

Abstract A quantitative comparison of γG, γA, γM, and γD was made between 67 sera from persons with high titers of reaginic (skin-sensitizing) antibody and 51 sera from individuals lacking detectable reagin. A statistically significant elevation of γD and slight increases of γG and γA were present in the reaginic sera when considered as a group. In addition, a correlation between age and γA levels was present with increasing concentrations throughout adult life. The increase in γD is probably not a consequence of the presence of reaginic antibody per se but rather represents an additional quantitative difference in the immunologic makeup of atopic persons. The basis for this quantitative alteration is uncertain at the present time since the functional role of γD has not been determined. The distribution of immunoglobulins in the 118 subjects studied followed a log normal rather than arithmetic normal distribution, similar to the antibody titers of experimental animals immunized with standard amounts of antigens.
Development of a submerged-liquid sporulation medium for the potential smartweed bioherbicide Septoria polygonorum.

Abstract Submerged culture experiments were conducted in three phases to determine the optimal medium for rapidly producing conidia of the fungal bioherbicide Septoria polygonorum. In phase I, 47 crude carbon sources were evaluated to determine which would support sporulation. Under the conditions tested, pea brine (5–10% v/v) provided best conidiation. In phase II, a fractional factorial design was utilized to screen 38 different medium adjuncts in combination with pea brine for improved sporulation. MgSO4 was the only factor that resulted in a significant improvement. In phase III, a central composite design with response surface methodology was used to optimize concentrations of these critical factors. The model predicted optimal sporulation in a medium composed of 8.88% v/v pea brine+0.1 molar MgSO4 with an expected titer of 1.78×108 conidia/ml. Actual mean titer attained with the model-derived medium was 1.15×108 conidia/ml. No significant difference was observed in virulence of conidia produced on agar vs. the model-derived (liquid) medium.
Laser cleaning of optical elements in 157-nm lithography

In-situ laser cleaning is shown to be an effective tool for removal of organic contaminants on CaF 2 windows. To study laser cleaning in a controlled fashion, CaF 2 substrates were pre-contaminated with 5 to 10 nm of poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(4-hydroxy styrene), poly(norbornene), and poly((beta) -pinene) thin films. Irradiation of all the polymer films showed similar trends. Initially, a high rate of material removal occurs, which depends on the chemistry of the polymer. During this period, the material also undergoes significant bond rearrangement, forming a more tightly bound highly conjugated network. Removal of this residual 'graphitized' film is significantly more difficult, but can be accelerated by the presence of modest levels of oxygen. For oxygen concentrations between 10-1000 ppm, the measured removal rate is approximately 3 nm/(kJ/cm 2 ) ppm oxygen. No effect on removal rate was observed as pulse energy or purge gas flow rate was varied over ranges expected to be used in practical systems.
C-19 functional steroids IX·1,2 further synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,19-disubtituted compounds

Abstract The synthesis of 2β, 19-epoxy-5a-pregnane-3,20-dione and the related 2,19 lactone is described. Bromination of these bridged A-ring steroids gives the corresponding 4a-bromo steroids, as shown by the n.m.r. spectra. The results of some biological tests on these and related compounds are presented; none of the tested compounds are active.
Clinical trials with fluorinated pyrimidines in patients with head and neck cancer.

While it is estimated to be one of the most prevalent cancers in the world, cancer of the head and neck is an uncommon malignant tumor in the United States and accounts for only 5% of all malignancies [1]. Head and neck cancer is a term that encompasses heterogeneous groups of patients. The most common histologic type is the squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer of the oral cavity is the most common site among the head and neck tumors. The majority of patients (70–80%) present with locally advanced (Stage III and IV) cancer. The standard treatments of surgery and/or radiotherapy have a high cure rate for patients with early disease (Stages I or II), but not for patients with locally advanced tumors. Local recurrence and persistent disease occur in more than 60% of patients present with advanced cancer, and approximately 10%–20% of all patients develop distant metastases [2–9].
Establishment and characterization of 12S adenoviral E1A immortalized rat submandibular gland epithelial cells.

Abstract Rat submandibular gland (RSMG) cells have been immortalized with a retrovirus vector which encodes the adenovirus 12S E1A gene product. The immortalized cells were epithelial-like in nature and displayed a β-adrenergic coupled rise in intracellular cAMP upon exposure to norepinephrine. Western- and lectin-blotting experiments of cell lysates demonstrated the presence of blood group A-reactive oligosaccharides. Such oligosaccharides are characteristic of RSMG mucin-glycoproteins. These cells appear to be suitable for use in analysis of cell-specific factors which regulate RSMG glycosylation.
Calcifications in axillary lymph nodes caused by fat necrosis

graphic finding. Coarsely calcifled axillary lymph nodes usually signify prior inflammatory disease. particularly granulomatous i tifection. Rarely. gold deposits in axillary lymph nodes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with chrysotherapy may mi mic microcalcifications 11.More importantly, microcalcifications in axillary lymph nodes may be secondary to metastatic breast cancer [21. The primary intraparenchymal breast malignancy niay or may not be visible on the mammogram. We report a case of calcifications occurring in enlarging lymph nodes detected mammographically in a woman with a history of breast cancer, which calcifications proved to be related to fat necrosis.
Fluoroscopy of the Chest

The chest teleroentgenogram serves as a “scout” film for the detection of intrathoracic lesions. When the diagnosis is not apparent, further roentgen study of the patient is indicated, and, as a rule, this should begin with fluoroscopy. Adequate fluoroscopic examination of a chest lesion should include the following: 1. Observation of the finer details of the lesion. 2. Rotation of the patient to determine relationships between the lesion and the adjacent normal structures. 3. Breathing maneuvers to detect vascular components and to assist in localization. 4. Ingestion of barium to ascertain origin in, or displacement of, the gastro-intestinal tract. 5. Tilting of the patient into various positions to evaluate the effects of gravity on the lesion. Exposure of spot films during the fluoroscopic examination is essential to provide a permanent record of the findings, and additional views should be obtained after fluoroscopy to bring out further details. Fluoroscopy is one of the most important and rewarding methods of roentgen examination of the chest.
Apoptosis and plaque destabilization in atherosclerosis: the role of macrophage apoptosis induced by cholesterol

Apoptosis and plaque destabilization in atherosclerosis: the role of macrophage apoptosis induced by cholesterol
Photoreceptor survival-promoting activity in interphotoreceptor matrix preparations: characterization and partial purification.

Abstract It is well established that many types of cells are dependent on trophic factors for their survival. We are investigating whether photoreceptor survival may also be dependent upon such a factor, as well as the possibility that the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM), which lies between the outer retina and the RPE, may be a source of photoreceptor survival-promoting activities. Well-characterized cultures of embryonic chick retinal neurons and photoreceptors, in which the photoreceptors spontaneously degenerate between 7 and 10 days in culture, were used to test this hypothesis. Crude extracts of IPM were found to support three- to fourfold increases in photoreceptor survival in 10-day cultures. This response was dose-dependent, saturable, and specific for photoreceptors, since there was no difference in the number of non-photoreceptor neurons between treated and control cultures. This photoreceptor survival-promoting activity (PSPA) may function when present either as a substratum-bound molecule or as a medium supplement. PSPA is heat labile, sensitive to freeze-thawing, and stable only within a very narrow pH range. The activity binds to heparin affinity columns but, in contrast to the behavior of growth factors such as FGF, it can be eluted from the columns at low salt concentrations (0·5 m NaCl). PSPA is eluted from a Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration column in two regions with Mr = 400–450 kDa and 33 kDa, respectively. SDS-gel electrophoresis suggests that the high molecular weight activity is composed of aggregates of lower molecular weight molecules. While this factor has not been purified to homogeneity, the combination of heparin-agarose affinity chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose columns results in 720-fold purification of the activity, with one unit of PSPA activity corresponding to 40 ng protein. This partial purification is accompanied by substantial reduction in the complexity of protein patterns in silver-stained SDS-gels. These findings are potentially important since a macromolecular factor promoting photoreceptor survival could play a role in the normal development of the retina, and could also further our understanding of retinal degenerations such as retinitis pigmentosa.
Test Performance and the Use of Optional Questions.

DuCette and Wolk reported a research which “clearly indicated that giving options in an essay examination … produces poorer test performance.” The contention of this paper is that the obtained difference in that study was an artifact of the scoring procedures. This is demonstrated by a study of percentage scores of a group of thirty-four students when their examinations were scored by the percentage score on 1.) all six answers, 2.) “opted” four answers, 3.) best four answers. The mean scores increased significantly at each step from method 1 through method 3, indicating that the significant differences in DuCette and Wolk’s study were due to scoring the non-option group on their best four answers.
Thermal-gradient enhanced current spreading in d.h. lasers

The observed differences in light output against current (P/I) curves between c.w. and short-pulse operation of (GaAl)As lasers have generally been considered as arising from the increase in active-region temperature under c.w. operation. This temperature increase results in a decrease in optical output at a given current level because of the reduced carrier confinement at the heterojunctions. However, by carefully compensating the temperature rise in the active region in the c.w. mode, we have experimentally established that, for exactly the same active-region temperature and total pumping current, the laser emits significantly less light in the c.w. mode than in the pulse mode of operation. This difference becomes larger as the input power increases. The thermoelectric (Seebeck) effect can explain this observation. The temperature gradient induced by c.w. operation causes current to flow away from the stripe region, leading to excess wasted current and reduced light output.
Association of Kidney Disease Outcomes With Risk Factors for CKD: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study

Background Various indicators of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been used as outcomes in clinical research studies. The effect of using varying measures on the association of risk factors with CKD progression has not been well characterized. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study (N=3,939) enrolled men and women with mild to moderate CKD, 48% of whom had diabetes and 42% were self-reported black race. Predictors Age, race, sex, diabetes, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, and other established CKD risk factors. Outcomes Death, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and eGFR events, including: (1) eGFR halving, (2) eGFR 2 , (3) eGFR halving and 2 , (4) eGFR decrease of 20mL/min/1.73m 2 , (5) eGFR halving or decrease of 20mL/min/1.73m 2 , and (6) eGFR decrease of 25% and change in CKD stage. Results Mean entry eGFR was 44.9mL/min/1.73m 2 . Annual rates of death, ESRD, and eGFR halving were 2.5%, 4.0%, and 6.1%, respectively, during an average follow-up of 5.4 years. Associations between risk factors and ESRD and eGFR events were similar across different definitions. However, these associations were substantially different from those with death. HRs for ESRD, eGFR halving, and death in the highest compared to the lowest proteinuria category were 11.83 (95% CI, 8.40-16.65), 11.19 (95% CI, 8.53-14.68), and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.10-1.96), respectively. Limitations Participants may not be representative of the entire CKD population. Conclusions Using ESRD or eGFR events, but not death, in the definition of kidney disease outcomes is appropriate in follow-up studies to identify risk factors for CKD progression.