cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regional muscle changes in adult dysfunctional hip conditions of femoroacetabular impingement and hip dysplasia

To analyze regional muscle CT density and bulk in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and hip dysplasia (HD) versus controls. Patients who obtained perioperative CT imaging for FAI and HD before surgery were retrospectively studied. Asymptomatic controls included for comparison. Two readers independently evaluated regional hip muscle [iliopsoas (IP), rectus femoris (RF), gluteus minimus (Gm), and medius (GM)] density, muscle area, and muscle circumference. Inter-observer reliability calculated using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). A consecutive series of 25 FAI patients, 16 HD patients, and 38 controls were recruited in the study. FAI patients had significantly greater Gm and GM circumferences as well as greater RF and IP areas on the normal side compared to the asymptomatic control group (p values 0.004, 0.032, 0.033, and 0.028, respectively). In addition, Gm and RF circumferences and RF area were significantly larger (p values 0.029, 0.036, and 0.014, respectively) in FAI patients on the affected side compared to the control group. HD patients had significantly smaller Gm and GM circumferences on the affected side than normal side measurements in FAI group (p values 0.043 and 0.003, respectively). Normal side GM circumference was also smaller in HD patients than normal side FAI hips (p value 0.02). There was no significant difference between the measurements on normal and abnormal sides in each disease group. No significant difference was found between measurements of HD compared to controls (p > 0.05). No muscle density differences were seen among different groups. There was moderate to excellent inter-reader reliability for all measurements except Gm muscle density. Muscle analysis was able to quantify differences among patients with FAI, HD, and asymptomatic controls. These changes could indicate either a muscle imbalance contributing to the pathology or disuse atrophy, which may have implications for specific muscle-strengthening therapies and rehabilitation procedures in such patients.
Analytical Models for Power Networks: The Case of the Western U.S. and ERCOT Grids

The topological structure of the power grid plays a key role in the reliable delivery of electricity and price settlement in the electricity market. Incorporation of new energy sources and loads into the grid over time leads to its structural and geographical expansion. This paper presents an intuitive analytical model for the spatio-temporal evolution of large grids and uses it to understand common structural features observed in grids across America. In particular, key graph parameters like degree distribution, graph diameter, betweenness centralities, eigen-spread, and clustering coefficients are used to quantify the model’s benefits through comparison with the Western U.S. and ERCOT power grids. The most significant contribution of the developed model is its analytical tractability that provides a closed form expression for the nodal degree distribution observed in large grids. The discussed model can be used to generate realistic test cases to analyze topological effects on grid functioning and new grid technologies.
Complications Associated with Orbital-Zygomaticomaxillary Surgery

When managing facial fractures, complications, unfortunately, are not uncommon. Although there is a broad range of what is considered acceptable for the surgeon and the patient, the task involved with the management of facial fractures is to take broken facial bones and replace them with their original position. Like many objects, once it is broken, oftentimes it is impossible to restore it to its original state. However, the face is resilient in its ability to heal itself. The luxury of bone management for facial fractures is that bone is vital, has a good blood supply, and can heal. Generally speaking, when the bone heals, the soft tissue envelope will follow the contours of the bone and return the patient to a pre-injury state. As with all surgery though, complications do occur. There are three broad categories of complications. The complications include the failure to achieve the desired outcome, the second is iatrogenic injuries, and the third is healing complications. The first two are intraoperative complications, and the third usually occurs during the postoperative period.
Abstract 13633: Predictors of Mental and Physical Health Outcomes of Patients Undergoing an Appointment-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an evidence-based program to improve secondary prevention outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lower health-related quality of life ...
Decolonizing the Curriculum? Unsettling possibilities for performance training

Abstract: This essay problematizes the term ‘decolonization’ as applied to university dance and performance curricula. It does so via Eve Tuck and K. Wayne Yang’s (2012) argument that colonization is rooted in a worldview that positions beings as exploitable things. Addressing efforts to foster diversity within studio training, choreography, and scholarship, the casualization of labor within university departments is also examined. The essay considers the structure of the university as both a colonial and corporate entity, signaling its relationship to the precarity of neoliberalism. The paper concludes by suggesting that arts and humanities scholarship and teaching create opportunities for alternate ways of living and interacting beyond neoliberal, neocolonial paradigms.
Epileptic seizure induced by tilt-table testing: a case report (5245)

Objective: N/A Background: Clinically epilepsy and syncope can be difficult to distinguish, at times leading to incorrect diagnoses and unnecessary anti-seizure medications (ASDs). A couple studies have showed the utility of tilt-table testing with EEG in parsing these entities – where EEG shows diffuse slowing despite clinical jerking movements, with no evidence of epileptic discharges. No studies have reported epileptic seizures induced by tilt-table testing. Design/Methods: We report the case of a 60 year-old woman with episodes of lightheadedness, whose events evolved to include a scream and loss of consciousness (LOC). These increased in frequency to every 3 months and she was treated with ASDs. Subsequent workup included electroencephalogram (EEG) and MRI brain, which were normal. 21-day cardiac Holter monitor revealed significant sinus pauses associated with a typical event. A pacemaker was placed and her ASDs were tapered. Despite the pacemaker she continued to have episodes of dizziness associated with upright posture (though LOC resolved). She was re-trialed on another ASD. When further EEG was unremarkable, the ASD was weaned. The episodes increased to monthly after taper of the ASD. Given high suspicion for syncope, though unexplained cause of increased events with weaning of ASD, tilt with EEG and ambulatory EEG were completed. Results: During tilt-table testing with EEG, when patient was tilted to the head-up position, she stopped answering questions, and EEG revealed a focal left temporal seizure. Her systolic BP abruptly dropped to 89 mmHg (64 mmHg below baseline). Her HR did not change, but pacemaker showed increased firing (set to fire below 60 bpm). 72-hour ambulatory EEG revealed occasional left temporal sharp waves. Conclusions: While likely rare, focal epileptic seizures provoked by head-up tilt can occur, and should be considered when episodes continue despite treatment. Combined tilt-table and EEG evaluation may be needed to determine the true etiology. Disclosure: Dr. Toprani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Walter has nothing to disclose.
Quantifying probability of deceedance estimates of clear water local scour around bridge piers

Abstract Local bridge scour, which is defined as the loss of soil particles/mass surrounding a pier foundation due to the flowing water-induced shear stresses, is a primary cause of bridge failure in the United States and worldwide. Current practice of bridge scour prediction is mostly based on the use of deterministic models. Work herein presents statistical models that extend five deterministic approaches reported in literature to predict the expected scour depth while quantifying inherent model bias and uncertainty in view of data scatter. Clear water scour database is used herein and the analyses quantify model scatter by comparatively assessing the computed scour depth versus measured data reported in the database. A relationship between probability of deceedance associated with the predicted scour depth and a modification factor (that is applied into the deterministic prediction) is devised. The modification factor allows for the use of the scour magnitude computed from the deterministic models while quantifying the probability of a computed scour depth being less than or more than a most likely value (per measurements reported in the database). The application of the proposed model is demonstrated with an example and the results are discussed.
Intermolecular [5+2] Annulation between 1-Indanones and Internal Alkynes by Rhodium-Catalyzed C–C Activation

Herein, we report a [5+2] cycloaddition between readily accessible 1-indanones and internal alkynes through Rh-catalyzed activation of less strained C-C bonds. The reaction is enabled by a strongly σ-donating NHC ligand and a carefully modified temporary directing group. A wide range of functional groups is tolerated, and the method provides straightforward access to diverse benzocycloheptenones that are hard to access otherwise. DFT studies of the reaction mechanism imply the migration insertion as the turnover-limiting step and suggest beneficial π-π interactions in the transition states.
A New Baenid Turtle, Palatobaena knellerorum sp. nov., from the Lower Paleocene (Danian) Denver Formation of South-Central Colorado, U.S.A.

Baenidae are the most diverse clade of turtles from the latest Cretaceous and earliest Paleogene of North America. Palatobaena species have a distinctive cranial bauplan within baenid turtles and we herein describe a new species, P. knellerorum, based on a complete cranium from the lower Paleocene Denver Formation in the Denver Basin, Colorado. Palatobaena knellerorum differs from other Palatobaena species in the extreme degree of its dorsally oriented orbits, as well as the presence of a broad pentagonal midline crest formed by the supraoccipital and parietals. It can be further diagnosed from other species of Palatobaena by the following unique combination of characters: having a broadly rounded cranium, presence of upper temporal emargination that extends well anterior to the otic chamber, a broad exposure of the supraoccipital on the dorsal skull roof, a broadly rounded ‘tongue groove’ between the maxillae and premaxillae, and a deeply emarginated nasal region that exposes the underlying premaxillae in dorsal view. Palatobaena knellerorum most closely resembles the Maastrichtian/Danian taxon Palatobaena cohen and the Danian taxon P. bairdi. A phylogenetic analysis places P. knellerorum as sister to P. bairdi, and these taxa are sister to P. cohen. Palatobaena knellerorum overlaps in time with P. cohen, but the two are separated geographically with P. knellerorum restricted to the Denver Basin and P. cohen restricted to the Williston Basin. Cranial anatomical data and sedimentological data suggest Palatobaena spp. were bottom dwelling turtles living in shallow water environments that used a putative proboscis to prey upon freshwater-shelled invertebrates.
Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Whole Lung Irradiation for Pediatric Patients

Purpose/Objective(s) This study aims to develop a treatment planning method for pediatric whole lung irradiations with scanned proton beams and to quantify dosimetric benefits compared to VMAT while considering proton uncertainties. Materials/Methods Pediatric patients with 4D simulation CT including the lungs with at least 2cm SI margin were selected for this dosimetric study. The CTV covers the entire lung volume as contoured on the 4D minimum intensity projection, plus the hilum / mediastinum from 5mm above the heart to top of sternum. OARs contoured included the heart with substructures, breast tissue, liver and esophagus. Proton plan method for whole lung irradiation is developed with tools in our treatment planning system. Plans have 3 posterior fields (RPO, LPO, SPO) and are robustly optimized to meet clinical goals on inhale, exhale, and under setup / range error scenarios (± 5mm / ± 5%). Monte Carlo is used for optimization and dose calculation. Interplay mitigations include spot degradation (range shifter + extended airgap), reduced dose rate (more spots), and reduced beam modulation (dose heterogeneity 1 cm, the optimization allows volumetric repainting. Objectives are based on the following priorities: 1. Maintaining target coverage under uncertainties and reducing dose to 2. heart, 3. breast tissue (female), 4. body (integral dose), 5. abdominal organs. Robustness evaluation was based on 28 scenarios of combined range and setup errors, 4D dose and 4D dynamic dose calculations. VMAT plans were created with identical optimization priorities, and plan robustness was achieved and evaluated with PTV (5mm). Results Treatment plans were developed for 17 pediatric patients, ages 1.3-18.2, 9 females. Prescription dose was 15 GyRBE in 10 fractions. IMPT reduced the dose to all investigated organs but resulted in statistically significant reductions in mean dose to the heart, LAD, left atrium, both ventricles, breast, esophagus and liver. The mean and standard deviation of organ mean doses for IMPT and VMAT plans are shown in the table. The dose difference between modalities is included. The magnitude of cardiac benefit increased with age and body size with significant correlation between heart volume and dose difference (rs = 0.72, P = 0.002). Conclusion We developed a treatment planning method for pediatric whole lung irradiation to account for uncertainties including interplay effects. The proton plans provided clinically, and statistically significant dose reductions compared to VMAT plans for heart, breast, esophagus and liver.
Performance Evaluation of Space Vector PWM Methods with DC Link Voltage Control for EV/HEV Powertrains

Performance evaluation and experimental validation of space vector PWM techniques with DC link voltage control in cascaded architecture of DC-DC stage followed by DC-AC stage for EV/HEV powertrain is carried out. 240°-Clamped PWM (240CPWM) and Advanced Bus Clamped PWM (ABCPWM) are the best performing PWM methods considering the combined performance of THD in line currents and efficiency. 240CPWM and ABCPWM are studied in detail both with constant and variable DC link voltage control and compared with benchmark PWM methods i.e., CSVPWM and DPWM1. Cascaded topology operation of DC-DC stage with DC-AC stage that allows the variable DC link voltage control in EV/HEV powertrain is studied in detail. Experimental results from a 10 kW hardware prototype are presented. Supremacy of one PWM method over the other is based on combined best performance in terms of THD and efficiency. 240CPWM outperforms all other PWM methods under consideration which is shown by a performance metric developed on the basis of combined performance of THD and efficiency.
Globalization and Income Convergence

The income convergence literature suggests that poor countries can catch-up to rich ones conditional on sharing certain characteristics with rich countries. Good institutions such as strong property rights and rule-of-law are key amongst those characteristics. From a policy perspective this is disheartening because economists have little understanding of how to transplant those institutions to developing countries. Worse, good informal institutions seem to be a necessary condition for formal institutions to “stick”. However, to the extent that good institutions can arise as a “spontaneous order” from individuals interacting with one another, allowing for an “open society” may be an effective development policy. To evaluate this proposition we explore whether or not increased globalization fosters income convergence. Based on a panel of up to 184 countries covering the years 1970 to 2009 we conclude that it does. In particular, the social dimension (as opposed to the economic or political dimensions) of globalization is robustly related to income convergence.
The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative

What is narrative? How does it work and how does it shape our lives? H. Porter Abbott emphasizes that narrative is found not just in literature, film, and theatre, but everywhere in the ordinary course of people's lives. This widely used introduction, now revised and expanded in its third edition, is informed throughout by recent developments in the field and includes one new chapter. The glossary and bibliography have been expanded, and new sections explore unnatural narrative, retrograde narrative, reader-resistant narratives, intermedial narrative, narrativity, and multiple interpretation. With its lucid exposition of concepts, and suggestions for further reading, this book is not only an excellent introduction for courses focused on narrative but also an invaluable resource for students and scholars across a wide range of fields, including literature and drama, film and media, society and politics, journalism, autobiography, history, and still others throughout the arts, humanities, and social sciences.
A 200M sample/s 6b flash ADC in 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS

This 6b flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) performs the sampling function in a partial-response, maximum-likelihood disk drive read channel. The read channel must process signals with spectral content extending up to half the sampling rate. This requires an ADC with better than 5 effective bits at Nyquist, accomplished here using a full-flash architecture capable of sampling at 200 MHz. To meet cost objectives, the read channel is on 0.6 /spl mu/m single-poly CMOS, where the ADC achieves performance previously seen only on bipolar or BiCMOS processes.
A new self tuning fuzzy controller design and experiments

A fuzzy logic controller design with self-tuning features for both the database and the rule base is proposed. The original rule base and the database of the controller are based on the designer's experience, which may be heuristic and subjective. Real-time implementation of the controller using an experimental setup shows that the design performs very well for a complex nonlinear system. The example case considered is a DC-motor-drive four-bar linkage system, which is a representative transmission used in several machines. Real-time control was implemented using the C language. The hardware configuration is described. >
Cooperation in Context Public Goods Games and Post-Soviet Collectives in Kamchatka, Russia

Economic game experiments have become a prominent method among social scientists developing and testing theories of cooperation. These games provide a valuable opportunity to generate measures of cooperation that can be compared from one place to the next, yet challenges remain in how to interpret cross-cultural differences in these experiments and connect them to cooperation in naturally occurring contexts. I address these challenges by examining framing effects in public goods games (PGGs) with salmon fishers and reindeer herders in Kamchatka, Russia. Combining standard versions of the game with versions that refer to post-Soviet institutions coordinating fishing and herding, I show that (1) average contributions in the PGG in Kamchatka are substantially higher than reported elsewhere and (2) framing the PGG alters the relationship between contributions and expectations, shifting strategies away from unconditional generosity and toward conditional cooperation. My analysis, by synthesizing quantitative a...
Social Inclusion through Participation: the Case of the Participatory Budget in São Paulo

One of the largest urban centers in the world, the Brazilian city of Sao Paulo is characterized by high levels of socio-economic inequality and political polarization, significantly complicating issues of urban governance. Despite being designed to partially address these problems, Sao Paulo's participatory budget (PB) was bounded by its urban context, institutional design and the relative strength of the political actors involved. The article analyzes a mechanism created within the PB to incorporate historically disadvantaged groups, or ‘socially vulnerable segments’, during the Workers' Party administration of 2001–04. The segments methodology constitutes an intriguing example of how affirmative action can be used to improve decision-making processes and address social exclusion in urban contexts. In particular, the segments served as a ‘counterpublic’ within the PB, helping activists representing the segments to develop strategies influencing the city's urban and social policy.
Dynamics of pinch-off in liquid/liquid jets with surface tension

Abstract Full two-dimensional velocity fields were measured by PIV in forced jets of glycerin/water solution flowing into and pinching off in ambients of Dow Corning 200 Series silicone fluid. The Reynolds, Froude, and Bond numbers computed at the nozzle exit were 34, 0.20, and 6.1, respectively. Viscosity ratios between the inner and outer fluids of 0.17 and 1.7 were examined in jets forced at a Strouhal number of 4.0. The experiments revealed that the viscosity ratio strongly affected the evolving jet flow, the pinch-off process, and the resulting droplet shapes. The higher viscosity ambient yielded less gravitational acceleration within the jet fluid, a broader cone shape upstream and a more rounded drop interface downstream of the pinch-off zone, and eventually spheroidal droplets with weak oscillations in shape. The lower viscosity ambient yielded greater gravitational acceleration within the jet, a narrower cone shape upstream and flatter drop interface downstream of the pinch-off zone, and eventually strong oscillations including inverted curvature within the droplets that formed. The difference in downstream interface angles at pinch off could be explained by the velocity and vorticity distributions within the two flows.
The biology of deception: Emotion and morphine

The biology of deception suggests that denial-like processes are at the core of the cognitive coping. In this regard, with cognitive ability, one associates or assumes that this process occurs by way of a 'rational' mind. Such a detailed cognitive process as being rational would also lead, counter intuitively, to inactivity and or major delays in conclusion reaching. Thus, our perceived rationality may also be a deceptive behavioral response. Of equal noteworthyness, man is also 'emotional'. We surmise that emotion represents the pre-cognitive short-cut to overcome this potential for excessive rationality. In this light, we may explain certain psychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive behavior as emotional extremes dealing with cognitive habits used to bind anxiety operating most probably at the pre-cognitive level. Given recent discoveries in neuroimmunology and an understanding of naturally occurring morphine as both an immune and neurological down-regulatory substance we hypothesize that abnormalities associated with emotional extremes may be due, in part, to morphinergic imbalances.
Application of 1D and 2D 23Na magnetization-transfer NMR to the study of ionophore-mediated transmembrane cation transport

Abstract While 1D magnetization-transfer NMR experiments are useful for determining kinetic rate information in the slow exchange regime, their use in the study of nuclei with relatively short spin-lattice relaxation times is a challenging practical problem due to difficulties in obtaining frequency-selective pulses which are short enough to ensure negligible relaxation during their application. This paper describes conditions under which selective inversion of 23Na resonances with a T1 as short as 12 ms can be effectively achieved. 23Na inversion transfer experiments performed using this selective inversion scheme are shown to yield reliable rate constants for monensin-induced exchange of Na+ across prototype lipid vesicle membranes. It is also shown that 23Na 2D exchange NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine exchange rates in situations where it may be difficult to apply 1D magnetization-transfer techniques. Possible extension of these methods to determine in vivo ionic transport kinetics is discussed.
Fragrance material review on α-isodamascone

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of α-isodamascone when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
The comparative effect of human chorionic and equine gonadotrophins on the rate of ovarian growth.

FEW STUDIES have been made on the kinetics of ovarian growth under the influence of gonadotrophic hormones. Most quantitative investigations have been concerned with methods of bioassay, or with the interaction and antagonism of various gonad stimulating hormones. The technique employed in such problems has been to inject the hormone once or many times daily over several days and to weigh the ovaries or some other organ as end point. By using increasingly larger doses in this manner, the comparative potency of various gonadotrophins has been determined. It seemed to us that significant additional information might be obtained by a study of the rate of ovarian response to gonad stimulating hormones. Furthermore, it might be found that each gonadotrophin induces a characteristic rate of ovarian growth. If this proved to be the case, then new and simpler methods of differentiation among gonadotrophins might be worked out, and mixtures of gonadotrophins possibly resolved.
Urban Student Motivation through Inquiry- Based Learning

In 2008, the author attempted to determine if inner city student motivation using inquiry-based learning motivated students to learn the life skills necessary to become democratic citizens. This question will be addressed comparing a traditional and inquiry-based lesson. The traditional lesson used direct-instruction as the primary vehicle for information. The inquiry-based lesson used a Mock Nuremburg Trial as the basic unit of instruction following the unit on WWII. The author used completion rate, participation, and retention to determine improvements in student motivation during the inquiry-based lesson. With the implementation of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) in 2001. Schools across the country have been trying to improve their core curriculums. As the nation is beginning to shift toward Common Core Assessments, inquiry-based learning is one of the prominent vehicles in social studies education to promote the values of Common Core and critical thinking skills in students.
Spectral Deferred Correction Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations

We introduce a new class of methods for the Cauchy problem for ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We begin by converting the original ODE into the corresponding Picard equation and apply a deferred correction procedure in the integral formulation, driven by either the explicit or the implicit Euler marching scheme. The approach results in algorithms of essentially arbitrary order accuracy for both non-stiff and stiff problems; their performance is illustrated with several numerical examples. For non-stiff problems, the stability behavior of the obtained explicit schemes is very satisfactory and algorithms with orders between 8 and 20 should be competitive with the best existing ones. In our preliminary experiments with stiff problems, a simple adaptive implementation of the method demonstrates performance comparable to that of a state-of-the-art extrapolation code (at least, at moderate to high precision).
Phosphorescence-microwave double-resonance studies of 1,3-, 1,5-, and 1,8-diazanaphthalene

Abstract Phosphorescence-microwave double-resonance techniques are employed at T ≲ 4.2°K to measure the zero field splittings and the kinetic parameters for population and depopulation of the phosphorescing triplet state of 1,3-, 1,5-, and 1,8-diazanaphthalene in a durene host crystal.
Nonclassical kinetics of an elementary A+B-->C reaction-diffusion system showing effects of a speckled initial reactant distribution and eventual self-segregation: experiments.

We demonstrate here the implementation of an experimental system suitable for the study of the diffusion limited $A+\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}0,$ nonclassical reaction behavior. Using a combination of a fluorescent calcium indicator and a calcium ion which is initially ``caged,'' a pulse of near-UV light initiates the reaction which is followed as product formation vs time. Sensitive dependence on the initial reactant distribution is observed through patterns in the uncaging UV light profile. In one case, the reaction progress passes through two nonclassical time regimes, one due to roughness originating from laser speckles, followed by one consistent with the three-dimensional Zeldovich rate of $(1/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{A}\ensuremath{-}1/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{A0})\ensuremath{\sim}{t}^{3/4},$ with features matching Monte Carlo simulations on this initial distribution. This behavior is contrasted with reactions initiated by a homogenous source which induces random initial reactant distributions, though both systems seem to approach the asymptotic limit of self-segregation of reactants.
Short- and long-range effects of gamma irradiation on charge transfer and photosensitivity in single- and double-doped LiNbO3 single crystals

Especially doubly doped LiNbO 3 single crystals were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays. The short and long-range effect of the irradiation processes on the photosensitivity of these crystals was studied. For short range effect, the photosensitivity was increased in particular the phase conjugate signal became more stronger and the rising time for the phase conjugate signal was increased except for LiNbO 3 doped Mn and Fe. For the long-range effect, the phase conjugate signal was found to increase for the crystal doped Cu and Ce then decreased after 220 days. On the other hand, the response time for the crystal doped Ni and Mn was found to decrease drastically after 150 days. Other crystals doped Fe and Mn, Fe did not show much change between short and long range effect up to 300 days. Almost all the crystals after 320 days showed oscillations on the phase conjugate signal.
Clinical and angiographic recurrence following PTCA for nonacute total occlusions : comparison of one- versus five-minute inflations

Abstract To assess potential efficacy of longer inflations to reduce restenosis, 49 patients with nonacute total occlusions were randomized into two groups after successful guide wire passage across the occlusive stenosis. Twenty-one group I patients had all inflations p = NS for all. All lesions post PTCA were ≤50% stenosed and no patient had coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Mean post PTCA stenosis was 29 ± 2% for group I versus 33 ± 2% for group II, p = NS. Clinical follow-up was available for all patients 8 ± 0.6 months after PTCA. Recurrent symptoms were present in 8 of 21 (38%) group I patients compared with 12 of 28 (43%) patients in group II, p = NS. Angiographic follow-up was available in 32 patients (65%), with confirmation of restenosis in seven (33%) group I patients and in 11 (39%) group II patients, p = NS. In conclusion, this prospective study suggests that recurrence rates following successful PTCA of nonacute total occlusions is not modified by 5-minute versus 1-minute inflations.
Eye movements induced by electric stimulation of the cerebellum in the alert cat

Abstract The surface and interior of the cerebellum were electrically stimulated in alert, cervically-transected cats. A variety of patterned eye movements were produced which included horizontal, rotatory, upward and downward eye movements. These eye movements resemble those produced by semicircular canal nerve stimulation. Horizontal eye movements were evoked from the tuber vermis and from the area of the fastigial nuclei. Straight upward and downward eye movements were induced by stimulation of the midline vermis in the anterior and posterior lobes. Downward rotatory eye movements were induced from the region of the interpositus nuclei, from a small area of overlying dorsal cortex, and from the lateral portions of the nodulus and uvula. Rotatory upward eye movements were evoked from ansiform lobes and from the region of the dentate nuclei. Pure rotatory eye movements (wheel rotations) were induced from an area which centered over the brachium conjunctivum at the level of the superior vestibular nuclei. Homotopic cerebellar points gave similar but reversed responses. Ocular responses algebraically summated when two points were simultaneously stimulated. By summating the ocular responses induced by stimulation of different cerebellar points, eye movements could be induced in any spatial plane. These experiments suggest that there is a topographic separation of the neural organizations which produce eye movement in various spatial planes in the cerebellum.
Coiled-coil domain-mediated FRQ–FRQ interaction is essential for its circadian clock function in Neurospora

The frequency (frq) gene, the central component of the frq-based circadian negative feedback loop, regulates various aspects of the circadian clock in Neurospora. However, the biochemical function of its protein products, FRQ, is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the most conserved region of FRQ forms a coiled-coil domain. FRQ interacts with itself in vivo, and the deletion of the coiled-coil region results in loss of the interaction. Point mutations, which are designed to disrupt the coiled-coil structure, weaken or completely abolish the FRQ self-association and lead to the arrhythmicity of the overt rhythm. Mutations of the FRQ coiled-coil that inhibit self-association also prevent its interaction with two other key components of the Neurospora circadian clock, namely WC-1 and WC-2, the two PAS domain-containing transcription factors. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the formation of the FRQ–FRQ and FRQ–WC complexes is essential for the function of the Neurospora clock.
Cyclic subspace regression with analysis of the hat matrix

Abstract Cyclic subspace regression (CSR) is a new approach to the complex multivariate calibration problem. The simple algorithm produces solutions for principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), least squares (LS), and other related intermediate regressions. This paper describes further analysis of CSR and shows that by using hat matrices, CSR regression vectors are formed from a summation of weighted eigenvectors where weights are determined from the hat matrix, singular values, and sample space eigenvectors. Examination of CSR weights for PCR and PLS further documents differences and similarities and provides information to assist in determining prediction rank for PCR and PLS. By redefining CSR in terms of weighted eigenvectors, it can be shown when PLS and PCR produce essentially the same results where minor differences stem from overfitting by PLS. Additionally, weights derived from the hat matrix show when PCR and PLS generate different results and why. Equations are shown for the sample space that reveal PLS to be a method based on oblique projections while PCR uses orthogonal projections. The optimal intermediate CSR model can be identified as well. A near infrared data set is studied and illustrates principles involved.
Bandwidth selection for the smoothed bootstrap percentile method

Abstract Some applications of the bootstrap involve smoothing the estimated distribution that is resampled, a method known as the smoothed bootstrap. Recently, the effect of resampling a kernel smoothed distribution was evaluated through expansions for the coverage of bootstrap percentile confidence intervals. It was shown that under a smooth function model, a bandwidth of order n−1/4 can accomplish a first-order correction for the one-sided percentile method. This paper proposes and investigates the performance of some data-based methods for selecting this bandwidth. The methods are studied through asymptotic comparisons and the resulting intervals are compared in the finite sample case to other well-known bootstrap confidence interval methods through a simulation study.
Exact Sample Size Needed to Detect Dependence in 2 × 2 × 2 Tables

Summary In the Georgia Centenarian Study (Poon et al., Exceptional Longevity, 2006), centenarian cases and young controls are classified according to three categories (age, ethnic origin, and single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] of candidate longevity genes), where each factor has two possible levels. Here we provide methodologies to determine the minimum sample size needed to detect dependence in 2 × 2 × 2 tables based on Fisher's exact test evaluated exactly or by Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), assuming only the case total L and the control total N are known. While our MCMC method uses serial computing, parallel computing techniques are employed to solve the exact sample size problem. These tools will allow researchers to design efficient sampling strategies and to select informative SNPs. We apply our tools to 2 × 2 × 2 tables obtained from a pilot study of the Georgia Centenarians Study, and the sample size results provided important information for the subsequent major study. A comparison between the results of an exact method and those of a MCMC method showed that the MCMC method studied needed much less computation time on average (10.16 times faster on average for situations examined with S.E. = 2.60), but its sample size results were only valid as a rule for larger sample sizes (in the hundreds).
Absence of ethanol metabolism in "acatalatic" hepatic microsomes that oxidize drugs.

When liver slices of Csa and Csb mice were incubated invitro, they had similar catalase activities and equal rates of ethanol metabolism. While incubated liver homogenates and microsomes from Csa mice oxidized ethanol and retained catalase activity, preparations from Csb mice did not oxidize ethanol and lost all catalase activity. Addition of beef liver catalase restored ethanol oxidation by Csb microsomes. The oxidations of aniline and aminopyrine proceeded at the same rate in Csa and Csb microsomes and were inhibited by ethanol. It is evident that (a) the microsomal drug-metabolizing pathway is not involved in ethanol oxidation, and (b) the postulation of a unique microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (“MEOS”) that is independent of microsomal catalase is unwarranted.
Sensitivity of post‐hurricane beach and dune recovery to event frequency

The recovery of Santa Rosa Island in northwest Florida is characterized following Hurricane Katrina (September 2005), which was preceded by Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Dennis (2005). Beach and dune recovery were quantified to the east and west of Pensacola Beach through a comparison of LiDAR data collected immediately following Hurricane Katrina and in July 2006 after almost a year of recovery. East of Pensacola Beach (the Santa Rosa Unit), the shoreline retreated by an average of 64 m during the 2004–2005 hurricane season and recovered by an average of 19 m. To the west of Pensacola Beach (the Fort Pickens Unit), the shoreline retreated by an average of 30 m, and while no significant shoreface recovery was observed, the presence of vegetation on low-profile dunes promoted backshore accretion. It is found that beachface recovery in the Santa Rosa Unit and backshore accretion in the Fort Pickens Unit occurred at the widest sections of the island where the pre-storm profile volume had been relatively large and overwash penetration was at a minimum. The narrow sections of the island (between cuspate headlands) had a smaller profile volume before the storms, leading to greater overwash penetration and in some cases island breaching in both sections, which limited the volume of sediment available for shoreface recovery. The alongshore variation in recovery is not only related to the island width, but also the offshore bathymetry, height of the pre-storm dunes and the overwash penetration. If sufficient time is allowed for the return of vegetation and the recovery of the dunes, the variations in storm impact observed during Hurricane Ivan will be reinforced during subsequent storms. In this respect, the level of impact during subsequent storms and the ability of the island to recover will depend on the frequency of storm events. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An approximation algorithm for least median of squares regression

Least median of squares (LMS) regression is a robust method to fit equations to observed data (typically in a linear model). This paper describes an approximation algorithm for LMS regression. The algorithm generates a regression solution with median residual no more than twice the optimal median residual. Random sampling is used to provide a simple O(n log2 n) expected time algorithm in the two-dimensional case that is successful with high probability. This algorithm is also extended to arbitrary dimension d with O(nd − 1 log n) worst-case complexity for fixed d > 2.
Deformation-enhanced fluid distribution in feldspar aggregates and implications for ductile shear zones

Experiments at 900 °C and 1.4 GPa show that the distribution of aqueous fluid in fine-grained feldspar aggregates changes from isolated pores under hydrostatic conditions to mostly wetted grain boundaries during deformation; the isolated pore distribution is rapidly regained during annealing following deformation. The deformation-enhanced fluid distribution causes a switch from dislocation creep to diffusion creep accompanied by a significant decrease in strength; it also increases the bulk transport rate through the aggregate by more than an order of magnitude. A change in fluid distribution is not observed in fine-grained quartz aggregates deformed at similar conditions. If deformation-enhanced fluid distribution occurs in naturally deformed feldspathic rocks, it could help to explain the localization of strain and enhancement of bulk transport in ductile shear zones.
Tailoring dispersion by strong coupling (presentation video)

We study the strong coupling of dye molecules to surface plasmons polaritons of thin silver films. The dispersion splits into three branches and demonstrates avoided crossing, characteristic of strong coupling. The dispersion is further modified, when gain is introduced, by strongly pumping the dye molecules. In a series of complementary experiments, we also show that dye molecules can be strongly coupled to localized plasmons modes of rough silver films and also multilayered hyperbolic metamaterials. Our preliminary results could pave the way for a new class of hybrid plasmonic materials and metamaterials.
The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: A "Magnum Opus" or an Incomplete "Modus Vivendi?".

This article investigates to what extent the European Union (EU) has the means to protect minority and regional languages in the EU, looking at the ways three different bodies of the EU, the European Parliament (EP), the Council of Europe (CoE) and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) differ in handling language diversity and the principle of language rights. Whereas the CoE pursue the protection of minority languages as a universal human right, the ECRML looks at it from a language planning perspective. This has two significant consequences: (1) the CoE incorporates the minorities into their resolutions, whereas the ECRML ignores the language users and focuses solely on the languages; (2) the former pursues the collective language rights principle, whereas the latter follows the territorial language rights principle. This article examines the impact the narrative built into the language planning policies has on their effectiveness.
Multiphysics Analysis of Spherical Fast Burst Reactors

Coupling neutronics to thermomechanics is important for the analysis of fast burst reactors, because the criticality and safety study of fast burst reactors depends on the thermomechanical behavior of fuel materials. For instance, the shut down mechanism or the transition between super and subcritical states are driven by the fuel material expansion or contraction. The material expansion or contraction is due to the temperature gradient which results from fission power. In this paper, we introduce a numerical model for coupling of neutron diffusion and thermomechanics in fast burst reactors. The goal is to have a better understanding of the relation between the reactivity insertion and the thermomechanical response of fuel materials. We perform a non-dimensional analysis of the coupled system which provides insight into the behavior of the transient. We also provide a semianalytical solution model to the coupled system for partial verification of our numerical solutions. We studied material behavior corresponding to different levels of reactivity insertion.
Row–column designs with minimal units

Abstract A new class of row–column designs is proposed. These designs are saturated in terms of eliminating two-way heterogeneity with an additive model. The proposed designs are treatment-connected, i.e., all paired comparisons of treatments in the designs are estimable in spite of the existence of row and column effects. The connectedness of the designs is justified from two perspectives: linear model and contrast estimability. Comparisons with other designs are studied in terms of A-, D-, E-efficiencies as well as design balance.
Implantable glass optrodes for deep-tissue light delivery

3D needle-type glass waveguide arrays were developed as potentially compact neural interfaces for light delivery in deep-tissue. As much as 90% of input light is transmitted via a single optrode to depths >1mm in tissue. Light emission profiles from the optrode tips into tissue can exhibit beam widths of 70–150 μm and full-angle divergence ranging from 13–40°. These beam characteristics may be able to satisfy a wide range of requirements for targeted illumination in neural stimulation.
Psychopathy and Criminal Responsibility

This article considers whether psychopaths should be held criminally responsible. After describing the positive law of criminal responsibility in general and as it applies to psychopaths, it suggests that psychopaths lack moral rationality and that severe psychopaths should be excused from crimes that violate the moral rights of others. Alternative forms of social control for dangerous psychopaths, such as involuntary civil commitment, are considered, and the potential legal implications of future scientific understanding of psychopathy are addressed.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Tetradentate (N2O2) Ligand Complexes of Zinc

The potentially tetradentate-N2O2 ligands, N,N′-bis (o-hydroxybenzyl)-1,2-diaminoethane (SaleanH4), N,N′-bis(o-hydroxybenzyl)-1,3-diaminopropane (SalpanH4), N,N′-bis(o-hydroxybenzyl)-1,4-diaminobutane (SalbanH4), N,N′-bis(o-hydroxybenzyl)-1-6-diaminohexane (SalhanH4), N,N′-bis(o-hydroxybenzyl)-1,2-diaminobenzene (SalophanH4), and N, N′-bis (o-hydroxybenzyl)-1,2-dimino-4,5-dimethylbenzene (SalomphanH4), have been synthesized and used to prepare the series of zinc complexes, [SaleanH2Zn]2 (1), [Salpan H2Zn]2 (2), [SalbanH2Zn]2 (3), [SalhanH2Zn]2 (4), [SalophanH2Zn]2 (5), and [Salomphan H2Zn]2 (6), Compounds (2) and (5) have been structurally characterized with single-crystal x-ray diffractometry. The molecules consist of oxygen-bridged zinc dimers. Unique structures for (5) were determined from crystals grown from MeOH (5a) and DMF (5b). The structures possess varying numbers of solvent molecules in the unit cell. Crystal Data: (2) Space Group P1 with a = 13.076(3) A, b = 13.137(3) A, c = 13.228 (3) A, α = ...