cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric impact of intrafractional patient motion in pediatric brain tumor patients.

The purpose of this study was to determine the dosimetric consequences of intrafractional patient motion on the clinical target volume (CTV), spinal cord, and optic nerves for non-sedated pediatric brain tumor patients. The patients were immobilized for treatment using a customized thermoplastic full-face mask and bite-block attached to an array of reflectors. The array was optically tracked by infra-red cameras at a frequency of 10 Hz. Patients were localized based on skin/mask marks and weekly films were taken to ensure proper setup. Before each noncoplanar field was delivered, the deviation from baseline of the array was recorded. The systematic error (SE) and random error (RE) were calculated. Direct simulation of the intrafractional motion was used to quantify the dosimetric changes to the targets and critical structures. Nine patients utilizing the optical tracking system were evaluated. The patient cohort had a mean of 31 ± 1.5 treatment fractions; motion data were acquired for a mean of 26 ± 6.2 fractions. The mean age was 15.6 ± 4.1 years. The SE and RE were 0.4 and 1.1 mm in the posterior-anterior, 0.5 and 1.0 mm in left-right, and 0.6 and 1.3 mm in superior-inferior directions, respectively. The dosimetric effects of the motion on the CTV were negligible; however, the dose to the critical structures was increased. Patient motion during treatment does affect the dose to critical structures, therefore, planning risk volumes are needed to properly assess the dose to normal tissues. Because the motion did not affect the dose to the CTV, the 3-mm PTV margin used is sufficient to account for intrafractional motion, given the patient is properly localized at the start of treatment.
An architectural exploration of via patterned gate arrays

In this work we investigate the architecture of a Via Patterned Gate Array (VPGA) [1], focusing primarily on: 1) the optimal lookup table (LUT) size; and 2) a comparison the crossbar and switch block routing architectures. Unlike FPGAs, the routing architectures in a VPGA do not dominate the total area of the circuit. Therefore our results suggest that using smaller LUTs results in a much faster and smaller design. In the routing architecture comparison, our results also show that the switch block architecture is inferior to the crossbar architecture in terms of area utilization. As the number of routing tracks grows, the switch block architecture begins to dominate the total area of the design as in the case of the FPGAs.
Electrophysiological correlates of perceptual reversals for three different types of multistable images.

Electrophysiological recordings were made in 21 observers to investigate whether differences in signature components (P1, N1, selection negativity [SN]) would be revealed during perceptual reversals of three different multistable figures. Using a lattice of Necker cubes as a stimulus, J. Kornmeier and M. Bach (2004, 2005) reported differences in P1 amplitudes as well a broad reversal-related negativity occurring 200-400 ms poststimulus. The current study investigated whether these event-related potentials of Necker cube reversals represent general "perceptual switching" mechanisms and would, therefore, be common to other types of multistable figures. Three different types of multistable stimuli were utilized: a modified Rubin's face/vase, a modified Schroder's staircase, and a novel natural stimulus, Lemmo's cheetahs. Results revealed the broad reversal-related negativity for the face/vase and the reversible staircase but not for the cheetahs. This component is comparable to the SN in polarity, latency, and scalp topography. An effect of early visual spatial attention on figure reversals was suggested by an analysis of the occipital P1 and N1 components. The P1, N1, or both were enhanced for trials in which the observer reported perceptual reversals compared with trials in which no reversals were reported for the face/vase and reversible staircase stimuli. These results support a model of multistable perception in which changes in early spatial attention (indicated by P1 and N1 enhancement) modulate perceptual reversals (indicated by the reversal negativity or SN).
Circular-Mellin features for texture segmentation

Texture is an important cue in region-based segmentation of images. In this paper, we provide insight into the development of a new set of distortion-invariant texture operators. These “circular-Mellin” operators are invariant to both scale and orientation of the target and represent the spectral decomposition of the image scene in the polar-log coordinate system. Coupled with the unique shift invariance property of the correlator architecture, we show that these circular-Mellin operators can be used for rotation-and scale-invariant feature extraction. We note that while these feature extractors have a functional form that is similar to the Gabor operators, they have distortion-invariant characteristics unlike the Gabor functions that make them more suitable for texture segmentation. A detailed analytical description of these operators and segmentation results to highlight their salient properties are presented.
Preoperative assessment of intracranial tumors with perfusion MR and a volumetric interpolated examination: A comparative study with DSA

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In evaluating intracranial tumors, a safe low-cost alternative that provides information similar to that of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) may be of interest. Our purpose was to determine the utility and limitations of a combined MR protocol in assessing (neo-) vascularity in intracranial tumors and their relation to adjacent vessels and to compare the results with those of DSA. METHODS: Twenty-two consecutive patients with an intracranial tumor who underwent preoperative stereoscopic DSA were examined with contrast-enhanced dynamic T2*-weighted perfusion MR imaging followed by a T1-weighted three-dimensional (3D) MR study (volumetric interpolated brain examination [VIBE]). The maximum relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) of the tumor was compared with tumor vascularity at DSA. Critical vessel structures were defined in each patient, and VIBE images of these structures were compared with DSA findings. For full exploitation of the 3D data sets, maximum-intensity projection algorithms reconstructed in real time with any desired volume and orientation were used. RESULTS: Tumor blush scores at DSA were significantly correlated with the rCBV measurements (r = 0.75; P CONCLUSION: A fast imaging protocol consisting of perfusion MR imaging and a volumetric MR acquisition provides some of the information about tumor (neo-) vascularity and adjacent vascular anatomy that can be obtained with conventional angiography. However, the MR protocol provides insufficient visualization of distal cerebral arteries.
Organic acid dipping of catfish fillets: effect on color, microbial load, and Listeria monocytogenes.

Microbiological and color changes of catfish fillets were determined following dip treatment in solutions at 4°C of 2% acetic, citric, hydrochloric, lactic, malic, or tartaric acid. Fillets were inoculated with an eight-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes prior to dipping. L. monocytogenes, coliform, and aerobic plate counts and surface pH and Hunter color were measured at 0, 2, 5, and 8 days of storage at 4°C. Acid dipping reduced surface pH and L. monocytogenes, coliform, and aerobic microbial loads. Little microbial proliferation was observed on acid-treated fillets; however, controls had a distinct foul odor and microbial loads in excess of 10 6 CFU/g by day 8. On untreated fillets, L. monocytogenes counts did not increase during storage, perhaps due to competitive inhibition by normal catfish microflora. Hunter color analysis revealed lighter and yellower acid-treated fillets than untreated controls, with malic acid producing the least bleaching. The shelf life of refrigerated fillets increased when fillets were acid dipped. It remains to be established if this enhanced microbial quality also parallels sensory acceptability.
Abstract LB-225: Combination immunotherapy targeting HSP90 DNA-repair client proteins overexpressed in chemotherapy-resistant melanoma

DNA repair protein (DNA-RP) overexpression has been reported to involve post-translational protein stabilization mediated by the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90(HSP90), thereby preventing proteasome-dependent degradation of these HSP90 “client” proteins. Overexpression of DNA-RP in a disease-stage associated manner has also been correlated to chemo resistance and poor overall prognosis. Hence, HSP90 inhibitors (HSP90i) have been heralded as co-therapy agents for cancer patients that have developed resistance to first-line treatments such as temozolomide (TMZ). In the presence of HSP90i, HSP90 client proteins rapidly become (poly)ubiquinated and undergo degradation resulting in the improved sensitization of cancer cells to chemo therapy. We observed that HSP90i promote the proteasome-dependent degradation of a broad range of DNA-repair client proteins. We have also identified 9 H-2Kb/Db-presented peptide epitopes derived from DNA-RPs that may be recognized by Type-1 CD8+ T cells after specific vaccination. When combined with adoptive cell therapy using DNA-RP-specific CD8+ T cells, HSP90i cotreatment yielded superior anti-tumor efficacy against established TMZ-resistant B16 tumors in C57BL/6 mice. Citation Format: Subhara Raveendran, Ronald Fecek, Cara Donahue Carey, Walter J. Storkus. Combination immunotherapy targeting HSP90 DNA-repair client proteins overexpressed in chemotherapy-resistant melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-225.
Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Community Hospital.

Optimal management of patients with acute myeloid leukemia requires an accurate diagnosis along with cytogenetics and an intensive systemic chemotherapy regimen administered by a multidisciplinary team of experienced physicians, nurses and other support staff. It has been suggested that such complex patients should be treated only at tertiary care centers. However, it is often difficult for patients and families to receive care at teratiary care center which may be at a great distance from their home. Here we present a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed and treated for acute myeloid leukemia at William W Backus Hospital, a 213 bed acute care hospital serving a community of 70,000 in Norwich, Connecticut between the years 2000 and 2005. A total of 44 patients were treated during this period. There were 22 males and 22 females. The median age was 67.5 years. Bone Marrow samples were evaluated by a hematopathologist (histopathology, flowcytometry and cytogenetics) at a near-by tertiary care center. FAB subgroups and cytogenetics were similar to other published studies. APML patients are not included in this analysis. The median survival for the entire group was 14.7 months ranging from 2 days to 113 months. Fourteen patients were alive, all in continued clinical remission except one with relapsed disease and one patient remains transfusion dependent. Median survival was 15.2 months for men compared to 13.2 months for women. Four patients were referred for bone marrow/stem cell transplant after induction therapy. The limitation of this study is the relatively small number of patients as one would expect from a study done at a small community hospital. Nevertheless, it appears that the median survival of our patients is similar to a pooled analysis of five SWOG trials published by Gundacker et al. We conclude that most patients with acute myeloid leukemia can be managed in a community hospital with commitment and experience to treat such patients.
Litigation Planning: Hoping for the Best While Preparing for the Courts

Like natural disasters, litigation is something that most archival institutions hope to avoid. In light of recent litigation involving promises of access restrictions to donors, archivists may want to create litigation plans for their institutions. Litigation planning, inspired by disaster planning, will help mitigate risk to currently held collections as well as any future collections that may come to the institution. By making policy decisions and considering options before problems arise, archivists will be good stewards to their collections.
Evaluating the Relationship between Equilibrium Passive Sampler Uptake and Aquatic Organism Bioaccumulation

This Critcal Review evaluates passive sampler uptake of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in water column and interstitial water exposures as a surrogate for organism bioaccumulation. Fifty-seven studies were found where both passive sampler uptake and organism bioaccumulation were measured and 19 of these investigations provided direct comparisons relating passive sampler uptake and organism bioaccumulation. Polymers compared included low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyoxymethylene (POM), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and organisms ranged from polychaetes and oligochaetes to bivalves, aquatic insects, and gastropods. Regression equations correlating bioaccumulation (CL) and passive sampler uptake (CPS) were used to assess the strength of observed relationships. Passive sampling based concentrations resulted in log–log predictive relationships, most of which were within one to 2 orders of magnitude of measured bioaccumulation. Mean coefficients of determination (r2) for LDPE, PDMS, and POM were...
Recurrence Patterns of Non-Mycosis Fungoides Cutaneous Lymphoma Following Various Treatment Modalities.

INTRODUCTION: Non-mycosis fungoides (MF) primary cutaneous lymphoma (PCL) is rare, and the more indolent forms seldom progress to fatal, systemic lymphoma. Nevertheless, frequent relapses are common. Although several therapies exist, no standard of care has been established for initial treatment. OBJECTIVES: To compare the role of radiotherapy to other initial treatment options and to evaluate clinicopathologic factors affecting overall, cause-specific, and relapse-free survival METHODS: Thirty-eight patients from 1985 to 2006 were retrospectively identified and reviewed with non-MF PCLs including: primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous follicle-center lymphoma, primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, or primary cutaneous intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. Regression-free, cause-specific, and overall survival was estimated using the methods of Kaplan and Meier. Outcomes were compared with the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: 38 patients were included in the analysis with a median follow-up time of 34.6 months (range 2 – 138 months). The distribution of initial treatment was: surgery - 29%, topical therapy - 16%, systemic therapy - 18%, and radiation - 63%. Three patients never received radiation. For the entire cohort, the 5-year overall (OS), cause-specific (CSS), and relapse free survival (RFS) was 86.2%, 88.9%, and 29.5% respectively. Subjects who received radiation therapy (n=24) as part of their initial treatment course had a significantly longer median time to first relapse of 57 months compared to 3.2 months for the 14 subjects who did not receive radiotherapy (log-rank p Multivariate analysis for RFS revealed that the absence of radiation as part of initial treatment (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 22.2, 95% CI 2.1 – 238.5, p=0.01) and aggregate size less than 10cm (HR 0.04, 95% CI 0.0 – 0.3, p No relapses were observed within the radiation therapy treatment field in 31/35 (89%) subjects following their first course of radiation therapy. Of the 15/35 (43%) of patients that relapsed anywhere following radiation, only 2/15 (13%) relapsed in-field exclusively, 2/15 (13%) relapsed both in and out-of-field, and the remaining 11/15 (73%) relapsed exclusively outside the area treated. No patient relapsed within the treatment field of after 24 months. CONCLUSION: An initial course of radiation therapy significantly delays relapse compared to other therapies for non-MF PCL and provides excellent local control of plaques. Our findings also extend the IPI as prognostic for overall survival for this rare disease. Bulky lesions greater than 10cm in any one dimension are more strongly correlated with relapse.
Putting the Brakes on Hypertensive Remodeling: An ATF3 Mechanism of Myofibroblast Restraint.

Article, see p 2041 Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in this country and, for the first time in 30 years, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that cardiac-related deaths are on the rise. A primary contributor to these numbers is hypertensive heart disease, which is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy and widespread fibrosis. Fibrotic remodeling increases both cardiac arrhythmogenicity and myocardial stiffness that cause a rapid progression toward failure. Thus, decades of research have been directed toward identifying the basis for cardiac remodeling with an eye toward short circuiting this maladaptive process. In doing so, the field has largely focused on cardiac myocytes, but the recent emergence of targeted genetic approaches for manipulating cardiac cells has revealed vital roles for nonmyocytes in mediating cardiac plasticity. Fibroblasts have gained traction in this respect, as demonstrated by the surge of evidence shifting their role from a passive player responding to cardiac myocyte dysfunction to a primary component of the disease process.1,2 Building on this theme, the findings from Li et al,3 which are featured in this issue of Circulation , underscore the importance of revisiting previously defined remodeling signals in a more targeted cellular context. This study was focused on uncovering new transcriptional mechanisms for cardiac remodeling, and with RNAseq analysis they identified 22 transcription factors that were differentially expressed in whole heart lysates from 2 independent mouse models of hypertensive heart disease: chronic angiotensin II (AngII) infusion and pressure overload (transverse aortic constriction). Within this overlapping subgroup, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) had the greatest increase in expression and was the most consistently upregulated of the 22 candidate factors. ATF3 has long been identified as a global stress-response mechanism because it is rarely expressed in healthy tissues, but is induced by a wide …
Impact of diabetes on heart failure incidence in adults with ischemic heart disease.

Abstract Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most potent risk factor for heart failure (HF). Our study aims to evaluate the incremental impact of diabetes on the incidence of HF in individuals with IHD. Methods Data from the NHANES Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study (Baseline: 1971 to 1974) were linked to the facility and mortality files up to 1992. Our analyses were restricted to patients with IHD without prevalent HF at baseline. The cumulative incidence of HF in patients with diabetes and IHD versus those with IHD alone was assessed using failure curves. Cox proportional hazards models were used to control for important covariates. All analyses incorporated the complex sample design by including the weights and clustering variables. Results Out of the 14,407 participants, 497 had IHD without prevalent HF and had information about diabetes status. Among these participants, the cumulative incidence of HF was 38.1% for those with diabetes (n = 63) and 26.5% in those without diabetes (n = 434) (log-rank p-value Conclusion Among participants with MI, those with diabetes had a substantially higher incidence of HF than those without diabetes. Based on these findings, practitioners should focus greater attention on patients with diabetes and previous MI in order to potentially prevent incident HF.
Menopause What to Know

There is a substantial amount of health information available on the Internet The purpose of this research is to assess the quality of Internet based consumer health information specific to menopause Accessing health information is a matter of vital importance to consumers Women use the Internet to search for information regarding menopause symptoms potential treatments related diseases and data on the reliability of information However quality of Internet information provided by consumers is a matter for enquiry While the Internet is a primary source to gather health information it is important that the information should not only be factual but also help individuals to distinguish reliable information from unreliable information presented by various websites This study examines whether the information that menopausal woman receiving from websites on the Internet is factual and accurate This study examined fifty websites to assess quality of information from Internet This study examined information about menopause from various authors and looks at the quality
Solvent Water Content as a Factor in the Design of Metal Ion Extraction Systems Employing Ionic Liquids

In the extraction of strontium nitrate from aqueous nitric acid solutions into a series of hydrophobic N-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-N’-alkylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imides by dicyclohexano-1...
Effect of Head Impact Exposures on Changes in Cognitive Testing.

Background:Gaining a better understanding of head impact exposures may lead to better comprehension of the possible effects of repeated impact exposures not associated with clinical concussion.Purp...
Continuum limits of sparse coupling patterns

We exhibit simple lattice systems, motivated by recently proposed cold atom experiments, whose continuum limits interpolate between real and $p$-adic smoothness as a spectral exponent is varied. A real spatial dimension emerges in the continuum limit if the spectral exponent is negative, while a $p$-adic extra dimension emerges if the spectral exponent is positive. We demonstrate H\"older continuity conditions, both in momentum space and in position space, which quantify how smooth or ragged the two-point Green's function is as a function of the spectral exponent. The underlying discrete dynamics of our model is defined in terms of a Gaussian partition function as a classical statistical mechanical lattice model. The couplings between lattice sites are sparse in the sense that as the number of sites becomes large, a vanishing fraction of them couple to one another. This sparseness property is useful for possible experimental realizations of related systems.
Abstract 806: Loss of Smooth Muscle Myosin -SM2 Affects Muscle Physiology and Leads to Postnatal Lethality

Most smooth muscle tissues express both S1 and SM2 isoforms, which are products of alternate splicing of the same gene. Compared to SM1, which has a longer carboxyl terminus (43 aa), SM2 myosin has a unique C-terminus comprised of 9 amino acids. During development SM1 is expressed from early developmental stages, whereas SM2 myosin appears only after birth and SM1/SM2 ratio reaches 1:1 in the adult. To establish the role of SM2 myosin in smooth muscle physiology, we developed a “novel gene targeting strategy” which results in the loss of SM2-myosin but preserves the expression of SM1 myosin in mice. The deletion of SM2-isoform-specific exon results in a complete loss of SM2 myosin, and switches to SM1 myosin. As a result, the total myosin content was not affected. The SM2 KO mice were delivered at the expected Mendelian ratio and were of normal body weight at birth. 1 week after birth SM2 KO mice started to show growth retardation. The body weight of 25 day old SM2 KO mice is significantly less than wild type mice (7.5±0.4, n=5; 17.8±0.6, n=5, respectively). The mice die ~30 – 40 days after birth. Histological studies showed that the smooth muscle layers of SM2 knock out mice in gastrointestinal duct and bladder were thinner than wild type and loss of SM2 myosin caused distention in gastrointestinal system and bladder. Bladder function was significantly compromised and hydronephrosis was observed in SM2 KO mice. To study vascular function, we used thoracic and abdominal aortas for isometric force measurements. Results showed that the contractile response of vessels from SM2 KO mice treated with 60 mM KCl (48.5 ± 24.0 vs 181 ± 29.1 mg) or 3-micromole a-1adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (52 ± 27.0 vs 242 ±32.7 mg) was significantly decreased as compared to WT mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that SM2 myosin isoform is important for maintaining smooth muscle function in aorta and other smooth muscle organs; compensatory increase in SM1 is not sufficient to rescue function.
Implantation and Characterization of Human Breast Carcinomas in SCID Mice

To establish a better animal model for the study of human breast carcinomas, we investigated the growth and metastatic potential of surgical specimens of human breast carcinomas in SCID mice, using the large abdominal (gonadal) fat pad as an implantation site. Previously, we have shown that 12 (25%) out of 48 xenografts grew and reached a size of 1–2 cm within 2–6 months; these tumors were then sequentially passaged in SCID mice. In addition, we observed that the majority (8 out of 12) of these transplantable tumors became metastatic (e.g., to liver and lung) in the second or third passage. In this chapter we describe the protocol, in detail, for growing human breast carcinomas in the gonadal fat pad (GFP) of SCID mice from receiving and processing of surgical specimens to tumor implantation, passage, and archiving. We have also carefully examined and characterized these human tumor xenografts by histological analysis. Further, we identified the presence of human lymphocytes and human immunoglobulin in SCID mice bearing human breast carcinomas. The merits, potential applications, and pitfalls of this model are discussed.
Horizon-Independent Minimax Linear Regression

We consider online linear regression: at each round, an adversary reveals a covariate vector, the learner predicts a real value, the adversary reveals a label, and the learner suffers the squared prediction error. The aim is to minimize the difference between the cumulative loss and that of the linear predictor that is best in hindsight. Previous work demonstrated that the minimax optimal strategy is easy to compute recursively from the end of the game; this requires the entire sequence of covariate vectors in advance. We show that, once provided with a measure of the scale of the problem, we can invert the recursion and play the minimax strategy without knowing the future covariates. Further, we show that this forward recursion remains optimal even against adaptively chosen labels and covariates, provided that the adversary adheres to a set of constraints that prevent misrepresentation of the scale of the problem. This strategy is horizon-independent in that the regret and minimax strategies depend on the size of the constraint set and not on the time-horizon, and hence it incurs no more regret than the optimal strategy that knows in advance the number of rounds of the game. We also provide an interpretation of the minimax algorithm as a follow-the-regularized-leader strategy with a data-dependent regularizer and obtain an explicit expression for the minimax regret.
The Association of Pain Intensity and Suicide Attempts Among Patients Initiating Pain Specialty Services

Abstract Using Veterans Health Administration data, we assessed the extent to which mean past-year (365 days) pain intensity scores were associated with suicide attempts in the year after the initiation of pain specialty services in fiscal years 2012 to 2014 (N = 221,817). Suicide attempts in the year after initiating Veterans Health Administration pain specialty services (ie, index visit) were identified using medical records and a suicide surveillance sources. Adjusted hazard models accounted for key covariates (eg, demographics, comorbidities). Subgroup analyses were also conducted on veterans without and with a suicide attempt in the year before the index visit to examine risk for first attempt and reattempts. Adjusted analyses revealed that pain intensity scores were significantly associated suicide attempts after the index visit. Specifically, veterans with severe and moderate pain had a hazards ratio of 1.41 (95% confidence interval = 1.21-1.63) and 1.29 (95% confidence interval = 1.13-1.47), respectively. These results were consistent for those without a past-year attempt and for those with a past-year attempt. The results suggest that moderate to severe pain intensity in the year before initiating pain specialty services may be a useful indicator of suicide risk, even when considered in the context of key factors. Perspective This study used national administrative and suicide surveillance data to assess the relationship between pain intensity and suicide attempts after an initial visit for pain specialty services among veterans. These findings highlight the potential usefulness of assessing pain intensity as an indicator for suicide risk.
DensityX: A program for calculating the densities of magmatic liquids up to 1,627 °C and 30 kbar

Here we present a standalone program, DensityX, to calculate the densities of hydrous silicate melts (1000s of samples in a single model run) given pressures, temperatures, and major oxide compositions in wt.% in the 10-component system SiO2-TiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-FeO-MgO-CaO-Na2O-K2O-H2O. We use DensityX to analyze over 3,000 melt inclusions over a wide compositional range to visualize the distribution of natural silicate liquid densities in the Earth’s crust. The program is open-source, written in Python, and can be accessed and run via an online interface through a web browser at https://densityx.herokuapp.com or by downloading and running the code from a github repository. A companion Excel spreadsheet can also be used to run density calculations identical to those in the Python script but only for one sample at a time. In another example application, we demonstrate how DensityX can be used to constrain density-driven convective cycling in the phonolitic lava lake of Erebus volcano, Antarctica.
Abstract WP374: 30 Days Unplanned Readmission (30-DR) in Cerebral Vein Thrombosis: US National Retrospective Analysis

Introduction: Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and/or dural sinuses (CVST) results in 0.5% to 1% of all strokes. CVST has a lower mortality rate compared to arterial stroke; however it predisposes ...
Allogeneic Leukocyte-Reduced Red Blood Cell Transfusion Is Associated with Postoperative Infectious Complications and Cancer Recurrence after Colon Cancer Resection.

Background/aims Transfusion rates in colon cancer surgery are traditionally very high. Allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are reported to induce immunomodulation that contributes to infectious morbidity and adverse oncologic outcomes. In an effort to attenuate these effects, the study institution implemented a universal leukocyte reduction protocol. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of leukocyte-reduced (LR) transfusions on postoperative infectious complications, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival (OS). Methods In a retrospective study, patients with stage I-III adenocarcinoma of the colon from 2003 to 2010 who underwent elective resection were studied. The primary outcome measures were postoperative infectious complications and recurrence-free and OS in patients that received a transfusion. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed for each endpoint. Results Of 294 patients, 66 (22%) received a LR RBC transfusion. After adjustment, transfusion of LR RBCs was found to be independently associated with increased infectious complications (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.24-7.73), increased odds of cancer recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 3.74, 95% CI 1.94-7.21), and reduced OS when ≥3 units were administered (HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.12-4.48). Conclusion Transfusion of LR RBCs is associated with an increased risk of infectious complications and worsened survival after elective surgery for colon cancer, irrespective of leukocyte reduction.
Momentum-like effects and the dynamics of perception, cognition, and action.

In a momentum-like effect, the likely future state of a current action or process is extrapolated. Momentum-like effects have been suggested to reflect dynamic processes, but such effects have not often been discussed in the broader literature on dynamic approaches to perception, cognition, and action. Several momentum-like effects are briefly described, and attempts to formulate dynamic theories of such effects are considered. Issues regarding dynamic representation that are relevant for theories of momentum-like effects (whether contingencies are invariant, stochastic, or arbitrary; bridging gaps between perception and action and between action and reinforcement; adaptiveness of such effects; influences of an observer’s knowledge, beliefs, and expectations; relationship of momentum-like effects to naive physics and perception of causality) are discussed. Issues highlighted by a consideration of momentum-like effects relevant for dynamic approaches to other phenomena (multiple meanings and senses of “dynamic,” different meanings and connotations of “continuation” and “extrapolation,” perceptual inference of subjective or objective consequences, importance of time scale and temporal information, importance of the computational theory level, momentum-like effects as an example of predictive processing) are also discussed. Momentum-like effects provide examples of relatively simple dynamic processes that reveal and highlight issues relevant for study of dynamic approaches in a wide range of perceptual, cognitive, and action phenomena.
Entwicklung von Arzneistoffen

Die Entwicklung von Arzneistoffen stellt eine der wichtigsten Schnittstellen zwischen der Biochemie und der Medizin dar. In den meisten Fallen entfalten die Arzneistoffe ihre Wirkung, indem sie an spezifische Rezeptoren oder Enzyme binden und diese inhibieren oder deren Aktivitat auf eine andere Weise verandern. Deshalb ist das Wissen uber diese Molekule und die Stoffwechselwege, in die sie eingreifen, von entscheidender Bedeutung fur die Arzneistoffentwicklung. Ein effektiver Arzneistoff ist jedoch weit mehr als ein stark wirkender Modulator. Arzneistoffe mussen sich den Patienten einfach verabreichen lassen, vorzugsweise als kleine, oral gegebene Tabletten, und sie mussen im Korper lange genug uberdauern, damit sie ihr Ziel erreichen konnen. Um unerwunschte physiologische Wirkungen zu verhindern, durfen die Arzneistoffe zudem nicht die Eigenschaften von anderen Biomolekulen verandern, die nicht ihre Zielmolekule sind. Diese Anforderungen schranken die Anzahl der Verbindungen, die klinisch von Nutzen sein konnen, enorm ein.
Author Correction: Self-Aggregation of Deep Convection and its Implications for Climate

The original version of this article contained a mistake. In the recently published paper, “Self-Aggregation of Deep Convection and its Implications for Climate”, there was an error in Eq. 1, as a “+” was inadvertently dropped before the final portion of the equation.
Decreased Median Time to First Dose of Analgesic for Long Bone Fracture-associated Pain in the Pediatric Emergency Department, a Quality Improvement Initiative

Purpose of Study: The aim of this quality improvement initiative was to decrease the median time to first dose of analgesic for long bone fracture-associated pain in the pediatric emergency department (PED), based on the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) OP-21 reporting measure, to 36 minutes or less by July 1st, 2015. The average monthly median time to first dose of analgesic in the PED during …
Early developmental electroencephalography abnormalities, neonatal seizures, and induced spasms in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex.

Objective Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is one of the most common genetic causes of epilepsy. Seizures in TSC typically first present in infancy or early childhood, including focal seizures and infantile spasms. Infantile spasms in TSC are particularly characteristic in its strong responsiveness to vigabatrin. Although a number of mouse models of epilepsy in TSC have been described, there are very limited electroencephalographic (EEG) or seizure data during the preweanling neonatal and infantile-equivalent mouse periods. Tsc1GFAP CKO mice are a well-characterized mouse model of epilepsy in TSC, but whether these mice have seizures during early development has not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine whether preweanling Tsc1GFAP CKO mice have developmental EEG abnormalities or seizures, including spasms. Methods Longitudinal video-EEG and electromyographic recordings were performed serially on Tsc1GFAP CKO and control mice from postnatal days 9-21 and analyzed for EEG background abnormalities, sleep-wake vigilance states, and spontaneous seizures. Spasms were also induced with varying doses of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Results The interictal EEG of Tsc1GFAP CKO mice had excessive discontinuity and slowing, suggesting a delayed developmental progression compared with control mice. Tsc1GFAP CKO mice also had increased vigilance state transitions and fragmentation. Tsc1GFAP CKO mice had spontaneous focal seizures in the early neonatal period and a reduced threshold for NMDA-induced spasms, but no spontaneous spasms were observed. Significance Neonatal Tsc1GFAP CKO mice recapitulate early developmental aspects of EEG abnormalities, focal seizures, and an increased propensity for spasms. This mouse model may be useful for early mechanistic and therapeutic studies of epileptogenesis in TSC.
Effect of Pre-Exercise Music on Bench Press Power, Velocity, and Repetition Volume:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to pre-exercise music on bench press performance. We recruited 10 resistance trained males (M age= 22.8, SD = 5.8 years; M height= ...
Association of Mask Mandates and COVID-19 Case Rates, Hospitalizations, and Deaths in Kansas.

This case-control study examines the association between counties that adopted state mask mandates in Kansas with COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths.
Formative and Validation Human Factors studies of a new disposable autoinjector for subcutaneous delivery of chronic disease therapies.

Background Use-related risks related to autoinjector devices have been previously identified. To minimize these problems, the identification of potential use errors is a critical task during device development. Methods This article presents iterative human factor studies, which aim to assess user interaction with the tested push-on-skin BD Intevia™ 1 mL Disposable Autoinjector, across a wide range of indications, and a broad user population. Results Through the different human factor studies, use errors were recorded when the participants completed the critical tasks, but their occurrence continuously decreased. First, the incidence of use errors was reduced when the participants read the IFU. In addition, the IFU updates and design change implemented contributed to improve the usability performance. During the validation study, some use errors were still observed, mainly during the first uses. Nevertheless, providing a training to the participants almost fully eliminated the remaining use errors. Conclusion Thus, these results demonstrated that this new autoinjector can be safely and efficiently used for its intended uses and under the expected use conditions by all tested user groups.
Boundary Matters: Uncovering the Hidden History of New York City’s School Subdistrict Lines:

This article traces the spatial history of New York City’s geographic school subdistrict boundaries throughout the 20th century, exploring the historical relationship between race, space, and schoo...
Deep Learning Based Range and Doa Estimation using low Resolution FMCW Radars

We present a deep learning model for simultaneous range and direction of arrival estimation of frequency modulated continuous waveform radars using 1-bit analog-to-digital converters. Standard fast Fourier transform based processing of 1-bit signals can suffer from various signal distortions. To combat this, we train a neural network on vectorized covariance matrices of simulated targets and test it under realistic settings in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and computation. We also test under off-grid settings not seen during training and demonstrate that this type of model can indeed generalize. Furthermore, we present results from data collected from a 77 GHz automotive radar under low resolution settings and can accurately detect the position of a vehicle within the field of view.
Multiplexing of ChIP-Seq Samples in an Optimized Experimental Condition Has Minimal Impact on Peak Detection

Multiplexing samples in sequencing experiments is a common approach to maximize information yield while minimizing cost. In most cases the number of samples that are multiplexed is determined by financial consideration or experimental convenience, with limited understanding on the effects on the experimental results. Here we set to examine the impact of multiplexing ChIP-seq experiments on the ability to identify a specific epigenetic modification. We performed peak detection analyses to determine the effects of multiplexing. These include false discovery rates, size, position and statistical significance of peak detection, and changes in gene annotation. We found that, for histone marker H3K4me3, one can multiplex up to 8 samples (7 IP + 1 input) at ~21 million single-end reads each and still detect over 90% of all peaks found when using a full lane for sample (~181 million reads). Furthermore, there are no variations introduced by indexing or lane batch effects and importantly there is no significant reduction in the number of genes with neighboring H3K4me3 peaks. We conclude that, for a well characterized antibody and, therefore, model IP condition, multiplexing 8 samples per lane is sufficient to capture most of the biological signal.
Designing for the Naturalistic Driving Experience

We designed a naturalistic driving study to compare voice-texting alternatives. The design accounts for the nuances we have discovered through research in our simulations studies and through the literature. We then conducted a pilot study to gauge the practice implications of our design. In this paper, we present the problems we encountered, solutions we developed, and other challenges faced in moving from a simulator experience to a real-world naturalistic study. Leveraging these findings, we put forth a set of design principles that will inform future research endeavors and provide instructions for conducting naturalistic driving studies. We hope this research serves as a comprehensive design guide for an effective naturalistic distracted driving study.
Dynamic Straining Stress Corrosion Test for Predicting Boiling Water Reactor Materials Performance

A dynamic straining test has been developed for rapid screening of materials relative to stress corrosion cracking in an accelerated high-temperature aqueous environment. The technique consists of conducting slow tensile tests in an environment of 289/sup 0/C high-purity water with 8 ppM dissolved oxyen. This extremely aggressive environment was used in this investigation to maximize the potential for intergranular stress corrosion cracking. Future correlations in environments of industrial concern are required before full industrial utilization of this technique can be realized. Because of the nature of the environment, the test is conducted in an autoclave assembly using a unique sliding seal arrangement. In turn, the autoclave is connected to a recirculating, water-chemistry controlled loop system. Several applications are discussed to illustrate the use of the test method. In addition, a summary of the various qualification data correlating the dynamic straining test results with longer term constant load test results are presented.
The National Rural Social Work Caucus: 32 Years of Achievement

Address given to the 32nd Annual National Institute on Social Work and Human Services in Rural Areas . The author presents a brief history of the Rural Social Work Caucus and outlines some of its important contributions. Keywords: rural social work, rural caucus, history
The social organization of masculine violence in nighttime leisure scenes

Recent scholarship on masculinity and crime suggests that men who have difficulty asserting their masculine status due to social marginalization (across age, class, and racial lines) have a higher likelihood of engaging in violent behavior to offset their lack of social power in other areas. While marginalization can abet the development of masculine violence, in this article I suggest more attention to the mitigating effects of structural changes and cultural contexts is necessary for a richer understanding of how masculine violence plays out. Drawing on multi-method ethnographic data from a case of one major US city with a thriving nighttime cultural economy, I aim to show how the structural characteristics of nighttime leisure scenes create situations for the enactment of particular forms of violence that reflect a number of subterranean convergences with the masculinization of the cultural economy.
Is There Transparency In Auditor Change Disclosures

In this paper, we examine the reasons disclosed in a small representative sample of Form 8-Ks for switching auditors. We classify auditor switches in terms of changes from big-4 to other big-4, big-4 to non-big-4, non-big-4 to big-4 and non-big-4 to non-big-4. Our primary objective is to assess compliance with the required disclosures for auditor changes and to reflect on the implications for corporate governance. This line of research is important in light of the requirements of SEC Regulation S-K 304 and recent calls for greater transparency in financial reporting, particularly after Sarbanes-Oxley. Our research shows that companies use boilerplate language and adopt a check-the-box approach to compliance with Regulation S-K 304. Contrary to the spirit and intent of corporate governance, their disclosures generally lack transparency and offer little or no insight into the underlying reasons for auditor changes. One of the clearest patterns is that several auditor changes are preceded by such reportable events as going concern uncertainties and material internal control deficiencies that often lead to financial statement restatements. Even so, many companies are less than forthright in the language used to disclose such events. Thus, we conclude that the implied objective of auditor change regulations is not being fulfilled. In general, neither auditors nor clients appear to take the auditor change disclosure requirements seriously. It is vital that the PCAOB, SEC, and the audit committees take note of this weakness in auditor change regulation.
Domain necessary for Drosophila ELAV nuclear localization: function requires nuclear ELAV.

The neuron specific Drosophila ELAV protein belongs to the ELAV family of RNA binding proteins which are characterized by three highly conserved RNA recognition motifs, an N-terminal domain, and a hinge region between the second and third RNA recognition motifs. Despite their highly conserved RNA recognition motifs the ELAV family members are a group of proteins with diverse posttranscriptional functions including splicing regulation, mRNA stability and translatability and have a variety of subcellular localizations. The role of the ELAV hinge in localization and function was examined using transgenes encoding ELAV hinge deletions, in vivo. Subcellular localization of the hinge mutant proteins revealed that residues between amino acids 333–374 are necessary for nuclear localization. This delineated sequence has no significant homology to classical nuclear localization sequences, but it is similar to the recently characterized nucleocytoplasmic shuttling sequence, the HNS, from a human ELAV family member, HuR. This defined sequence, however, was insufficient for nuclear localization as tested using hinge-GFP fusion proteins. Functional assays revealed that mutant proteins that fail to localize to the nucleus are unable to provide ELAV vital function, but their function is significantly restored when translocated into the nucleus by a heterologous nuclear localization sequence tag.