cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrical Conduction in Thermally Sprayed Thin Metallic Coatings

The in-plane electrical conductivity and the apparent density of air plasma sprayed (APS) molybdenum coatings having thicknesses in the range 30 um to 450 um were measured as a function of coating thickness. Both conductivity and the apparent density were found to increase with thickness until a saturation density (∼ 80% of the bulk density of molybdenum metal) was achieved. Attributing this increase in the apparent density to the increased volume fraction of the metallic component (or decreased porosity volume) in the coatings allows for the treatment of the problem in a framework of percolation theories. In order to eliminate the contribution of surface roughness the results were further analyzed using a two-layer parallel resistor model of the coating. In this model the top layer, which was composed of coating roughness, was assumed to have fixed thickness and conductivity whereas the conductivity of the bottom layer was assumed to vary with thickness (density). A fit to the data obtained from the above model showed that the conductivity of the bottom layer obeys a power law relationship of the type σ α (V –Vc)n throughout the composition range (with n=1.72 and Vc=0.09). These results show that that the coatings behave as a three-dimensional percolation system [1] and also indicate the asymmetric shape of the metallic and insulator regions in the coatings [2].
A search for associations between weather and the onset of human parturition

Weather data were examined for association with hospital records indicating the time at which pregnant women at term first experienced labor contractions (onsets). There is a considerable advantage, compared with mortality and morbidity, to using this response to infer weather influences. Three tests were used. First, the time series of daily onsets was analyzed to determine if characteristics known to exist in time series of weather data — variability and persistence — were evident in daily onsets. Second, the frequency distributions of nine weather variables were stratified, mostly by terciles, and onset means calculated for each of these divisions. Response means much different from average were then used to specify the nature of weather at such times. Third, the weather data were organized as weather types — pre- and post-cold frontal and general cold frontal — and onsets at these times were compared with those at non-frontal times. The time series characteristics were not found, but the other analysis revealed subsets of days on which onsets were above average, and in some cases the results were statistically significant. One such subset consists of winter days with low pressure, temperature markedly lower than the day before, and high wind speeds. On such days onsets were 34% above average. They were also above average during the 48 hours before and after cold front passage, and especially so in the 12 hours prior to the front. These findings constitute a weak, but statistically significant indication that human parturition is influenced by weather. Follow-up studies are urged.
Antenna gain of actively compensated free-space optical communication systems under strong turbulence conditions

Current Strehl ratio models for actively compensated free-space optical communications terminals do not accurately predict system performance under strong turbulence conditions as they are based on weak turbulence theory. For evaluation of compensated systems, we present an approach for simulating the Strehl ratio with both low-order (tip/tilt) and higher-order (adaptive optics) correction. Our simulation results are then compared to the published models and their range of turbulence validity is assessed. Finally, we propose a new Strehl ratio model and antenna gain equation that are valid for general turbulence conditions independent of the degree of compensation.
A historical assessment of Karenia brevis in the western Gulf of Mexico

This work examines the historical records of red tides in the western Gulf of Mexico (GOM) as they pertain to the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis(Davis) G. Hansen and Moestrup. K. brevis commonly causes major fish kills, human respiratory distress, and significant economic disruption in the Gulf of Mexico. It can also lead to illness by consumption of contaminated shellfish. The nearly annual blooms that have occurred in Florida in the past several decades have focused most attention on the eastern Gulf of Mexico. There are few published chronological accounts of red tides in the western Gulf of Mexico despite a wealth of information on probable red tide blooms in Mexico during the 17th–19th century. Using these data and more modern records, we present a chronology of K. brevis in the western Gulf of Mexico. A 1879 report of red tide blooms in Veracruz, Mexico in the period 1853–1871 provides a clear description of concurrent fish kills and respiratory irritation, and provides the earliest verifiable account of K. brevis in the Gulf of Mexico. An analysis of the records suggests that Texas has experienced a notable increase in red tide frequency in the years 1996–2000. However, the record is too limited to assign any causes. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Aldicarb Poisoning by an Illicit Rodenticide Imported into the United States: Tres Pasitos

Objective: Although intentional and unintentional rodenticide poisoning is common, most readily available agents are of relatively low acute toxicity. A four-year long epidemic of severe toxicity f...
Synthesis of Functionalized Enynes by Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Acetylenes with (Z)‐2,3‐Dibromopropenoic acid Ethyl Ester: (Z)‐2‐Bromo‐5‐(Trimethylsilyl)‐2‐Penten‐4‐ynoic Acid Ethyl Ester

Synthesis of functionalized enynes by palladium/copper-catalyzed coupling reactions of acetylenes with (Z)-2,3-dibromopropenoic acid ethyl ester: (Z)-2-bromo-5-(trimethylsilyl)-2-penten-4-ynoic acid ethyl ester intermediate: (Z)-2,3-dibromo-2-propenoic acid ethyl ester byproduct: bis(trimethylsilyl)butadiyne product: (Z)-2-Bromo-5-(trimethylsilyl)-2-penten-4-ynoic acid ethyl ester byproduct: (E)-2-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]-5-(trimethylsilyl)-2-penten-4-ynoic acid ethyl ester Keywords: addition, to CC; alkenylation, C-alkenylation; coupling; halogenation, bromination; metal-catalyzed reactions, palladium; stereoselective reactions, stereospecific; copper(I) iodide; N,N-diisopropylethylamine; N,N-dimethylformamide; bromine; carbon tetrachloride, cancer suspect agent; N,N-dimethylformamide, cancer suspect agent; ethyl propiolate or ethyl 2-propynoate, lachrymator
Large-area patterning of sub-100 nm epitaxial L10 FePt dots array via nanoimprint lithography

Bit-patterned media, a promising candidate for next generation high density magnetic recording, requires sub-100 nm dots array on a wafer scale, a high degree of patterning control of the size distribution, and a material with high perpendicular anisotropy. In this work, large area (0.75 cm × 0.75 cm) dots array was achieved by nanoimprint lithography and ion milling from L10 FePt thin films that are pre-sputtered at 450 °C with both high crystalline quality and good chemical order. The sub-100 nm dots are decoupled from each other and show both narrow size distributions and high coercivity values on the order of 11 kOe. Our work would cast light for the application of bit-patterned media.
Wealth and Power: A Comparison of Men and Women in the Property Elite

This paper discusses the relationship between wealth and power, and examines the limits of this relationship through an analysis of sex differences in the distribution of wealth and power. The general hypothesis is that stratification by sex crosscuts property stratification, so providing a counterexample to the general relationship. In particular, there will be fewer women than men in the property elite; their sources of wealth will differ from men's; and, compared to men, they will have less control over their wealth. Support for these hypotheses is found using various methods, including estate multiplier techniques and case studies of members of the property elite. A popular assertion maintains that women control most of the wealth in the United States. Were this the case, it would contrast sharply with the large number of studies documenting the lesser returns to women in economic, educational, occupational, and political sectors (Bernard; Hochschild; Lipman-Blumen and Tickamyer; Millman and Kantor). But in fact there have been few studies of women's representation among the property and power elite to document the actual situation.1 In examining the position of these women, this paper raises issues which have implications for understanding both the status of women and the relationship between property and power under industrial capitalism. Two questions will be posed. First, are women as disproportionately underrepresented among the extremely wealthy as in other categories. Second, are women who do have access to great wealth able to translate these resources into positions of power and prominence to the same degree as men? After reviewing the literature on property stratification, various documentary, biographical, and case study materials will be examined to investigate sex differences in
Dependence of All-Cause Standardized In-Hospital Mortality on Sepsis Mortality Between 2005 and 2010.

Sepsis is the 11th leading cause of death in the United States. The authors evaluated the dependence of all-cause in-hospital mortality on sepsis mortality. A retrospective observational cohort design and All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups were used to evaluate 150 410 patients (>17 years of age) over 6 years. The hospital standardized mortality ratio (HSMR) decreased from 0.80 ± 0.04 to 0.65 ± 0.04 (observed/expected [O/E]). The HSMR was correlated with the standardized sepsis mortality ratio (SSMR), accounting for 61% of the variation (P < .0001). The mortality rate for sepsis declined from 14.54 ± 1.60% to 8.57 ± 1.88% (P < .002), and the SSMR decreased from 0.82 ± 0.09 to 0.48 ± 0.07 (O/E; P < .002). The months of sepsis mortality matched the months of hospital mortality for the lowest of each (odds ratio = 0.30, 95% confidence interval = 0.14-0.65; P < .003) and the highest of each (odds ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.18-1.84; P < .0007). Monitoring monthly mortality of sepsis ca...
Effects of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist Dextromethorphan on Temporal Summation of Pain are Similar in Fibromyalgia Patients and Normal Control Subjects

Temporal summation of second pain at least partly reflects temporal summation of dorsal horn neuronal responses, and both have been termed windup (WU), a form of nociception-dependent central sensitization. Animal and human experiments have shown that both forms of WU depend on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and substance P receptor systems. WU of second pain (WUSP) in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) is enhanced compared with normal control (NC) subjects and is followed by exaggerated WUSP aftersensations and prolonged WUSP maintenance at low stimulus frequencies. Because the enhanced WUSP of FM patients could be related to abnormal endogenous modulation of NDMA receptors, we tested the effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist dextro- methorphan (DEX) on WUSP in FM and NC subjects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. WUSP was elicited by trains of 0.7-second duration thermal pulses applied to the glabrous surface of the hands or by 1-second mechanical stimuli to the adductor pollicis muscle of the hands at a frequency of 0.33 Hz. In comparison to baseline and placebo conditions, single oral doses of DEX 60 and 90 mg reduced thermal and mechanical WUSP in NC and FM subjects, with DEX 90 mg being most effective. These effects did not differ for male and female NC subjects. FM subjects required less thermal and mechanical stimulus intensity than NC to achieve maximal WUSP, but the extent of WUSP reduction by DEX did not statistically differ between NC and FM subjects for all study conditions. Thus, central pain processing of FM subjects is not different from NC in at least one important aspect, namely their NMDA receptor system responsiveness to pharmacologic inhibition by DEX. Perspective: Results of this study demonstrate that FM patients show abnormal WUSP during ther- mal and mechanical stimulation compared with NC. Because oral doses of the NMDA receptor antag- onist DEX attenuated thermal and mechanical WUSP similarly in FM patients and NC, other mechanisms than WUSP need to be considered for the widespread pain of FM patients. These mechanisms might include tonic nociceptive input from peripheral tissues and/or enhanced descending facilitation.
Ferredoxin–NADP+ Reductase from Tsuga canadensis. A Procedure for Isolation and Properties

Activity of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in leaf extracts of eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.] was relatively low, but could be markedly increased by use of protective agents. The best method employed polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVP) in the extraction medium plus removal of phenolic compounds by filtering the extracts through an insoluble PVP (Polyclar AT) column. Further purification of the enzyme was achieved by means of DEAE cellulose chromatography and DEAE Sephadex chromatography. A 94-fold purification of the enzyme with a total recovery of 43% was obtained. The eastern hemlock ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase was characterized by its diaphorase activity, i.e. the transfer of electrons from NADPH to an electron acceptor. 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol. The pH optimum for the oxidation of NADPH is between 8.5 and 9.0. The enzyme is highly specific for its electron donor. NADPH, but shows low specificity for electron acceptors. The apparent Michaelis constant values of the enzyme for NADPH. NADH, and 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol are 2.4 × 10−5, 5.4 × 10−3, and 4.7 × 10−5M respectively. The molecular weight of the enzyme, as estimated by gel filtration, is about 45,000. The enzyme is inhibited by both organic and inorganic mercurials and certain cations. Comparison of properties of eastern hemlock ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase and spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase shows that both enzymes are similar.
Employee Participation in Manufacturing Job Design

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of employee participation in job design activities on manufacturing performance and employee attitudes. Nine supervisors were given training in the use of participative job design techniques. As part of this training, each supervisor conducted eight or more group problem-solving sessions with his employees. These groups and a matched control group, which did not use participative methods, were evaluated in terms of output, employee attitudes, and the level of participation. The percentage of favorable job attitudes and the amount of performance improvement were both positively related to level of group participation. Output was increased by 45 and 90%, respectively, in the groups which achieved medium and high levels of employee participation.
Crack-Shape–Wake-Area Effects on Ceramic Fracture Toughness and Strength

It is argued that, where crack wake-area effects are a significant factor in the toughness of ceramics, the rate of change of wake area with crack growth normalized by the instantaneous wake area should be a factor in their mechanical behavior. Simple geometrical considerations show that differences in such wake area changes can vary by a factor of two or more for different test/crack geometries. This raises key questions regarding the (1) applicability of certain toughness tests for predicting strengths, (2) possible favoring of certain initial crack shapes or shape changes during failure, and (3) interaction with fracture mechanics, e.g., how stress intensity and such geometrical wake effects balance to control crack shape and failure.
Antitumor effects of imidazoquinolines in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Purpose: Imidazoquinolines (Toll-like receptor-7 agonists) are a class of synthetic immune modulating agents. Imiquimod, a member of this drug family, is currently used as first line topical therapy for genital condyloma. It recently showed clinical efficacy against several benign and malignant skin lesions, including actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma. Working primarily through the stimulation of a proinflammatory immune response, the mechanism of action of imiquimod may be similar to that through which bacillus Calmette-Guerin is thought to act. We hypothesized that imidazoquinolines have therapeutic potential against bladder cancer. We determined the in vitro and in vivo effects of imidazoquinolines against bladder cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The human and murine J82, T24, TCC-SUP (American Tissue Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia) and MBT-2 bladder cancer cell lines were cultured in normal culture medium or medium supplemented with imidazoquinoline. Effects on cell viability, apoptosis induction and cytokine production were evaluated. In addition, the effects of imidazoquinoline on in vivo bladder tumor growth were determined via intravesical instillation in an orthotopic bladder tumor model in the mouse. Results: A dose dependent decrease in cell viability was observed in all tumor cell lines treated with imidazoquinoline. In addition, imidazoquinoline significantly induced apoptosis and cytokine production. In in vivo experiments most mice treated with imidazoquinoline showed only an intense inflammatory response with no evidence of tumor, while control mice showed tumor growth. Conclusions: Imidazoquinolines have potent direct activity against bladder cancer cells by decreasing cell viability and inducing apoptosis and cytokine production. In addition, in vivo data suggest antitumor effects in an orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model. Therefore, imidazoquinolines may have therapeutic potential as a synthetic intravesical agent against bladder cancer.
Efficient search techniques for multi-attribute bilateral negotiation strategies

This paper proposes a principled and practical algorithm for computing optimal strategies in multi-attribute bilateral negotiations, based on Bayesian inference and combinatorial search. The algorithm estimates expected value of the negotiation, using conditional probabilities of opponent responses that are updated based on observed offers and responses. Optimal offer sequences are then computed that maximize expected value. Generally this requires combinatorial search of depth equal to the expected number of rounds, with branching ratio given by the number of possible offers times the number of possible responses. In some cases the branching ratio can be greatly reduced using local search. Also, for certain types of conditional probabilities, the combinatorial search can be eliminated, so that computation of optimal offers is only linear in search depth. The algorithm is tested for seller agents in an asymmetric protocol, in which the seller makes sequential offers, and the buyer either accepts or rejects each offer Using local search and fast incremental computation of conditional probabilities, sellers can compute optimal policies of depth 8 in real time, and up to depth 12 in reasonable off-line CPU time. This approach may be useful both for real-time on-line planning, and for extensive off-line planning for the initial stages of a negotiation, analogous to the use of an opening book in chess.
A high-resolution amperometric acetylcholine biosensor based on nano self-assembly of carbon nanotubes

We present a carbon nanotube thin film based device as a high-resolution acetylcholine sensor. Carbon nanotube and acetylcholinesterase thin films are self-assembled on a silicon substrate as conducting and sensing layers, respectively. Both films are deposited using layer-by-layer self-assembly process. The conductance of the carbon nanotube film is changed due to the generated hydrogen ions in the acetylcholine solution. The resolution of the device is measured as 100 pM. Due to its high resolution, small size, and low cost, the carbon nanotube biosensor has tremendous potential for applications to medical research and clinical diagnosis.
Delay Time Models of Population Dynamics with Application to Schistosomiasis Control

Replacing the usual principle of conservation of numbers with the equivalent principle of continuity of flow leads to a very heuristic approach to modeling time lags in population dynamics. The approach allows the direct use of unequal time lags without the implicit assumption of a stable age distribution. It is directly applicable to certain endemic and epidemic diseases. Where time lags occur in the incubation or life cycle of the agent of such a disease, they often importantly affect the dynamics associated with the disease, yet they seldom are accounted for properly.
Individual and Neighborhood Predictors of Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in Los Angeles County

Using data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, we investigated individual and neighborhood-level predictors of participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) among eligible households in Los Angeles County. Among eligible groups, those with lower participation rates included older people, married couples, Hispanics, and those living in higher income neighborhoods. Reporting poor physical and/or mental health was associated with higher odds of SNAP participation. Future studies should focus on disentangling the relationship between poor health and SNAP participation, as well as on studying the pathway by which neighborhood resources may impact SNAP participation.
Fish protein for human foods

Fish contributes significantly to the world protein supply. The present fish catch, its losses in processing, and its consequent protein contribution to world needs are reviewed. Present protein losses are estimated to be considerable. The amount of fish protein reaching consumers can be increased by increasing the catch, by the development of fish cultivation, and by improving the efficiency of using the resource. Most of the recent work directed to this objective has concerned the manufacture of fish protein concentrate (FPC). Various forms of FPC, their preparation, safety, composition, nutritive value, acceptance, clinical application, and uses are reviewed. The potential for large‐scale development of FPC, both as a protein supplement and as a functional protein ingredient in sophisticated food formulation, is discussed.
Cell-fate determination by ubiquitin-dependent regulation of translation

Metazoan development depends on the accurate execution of differentiation programs that allow pluripotent stem cells to adopt specific fates. Differentiation requires changes to chromatin architecture and transcriptional networks, yet whether other regulatory events support cell-fate determination is less well understood. Here we identify the ubiquitin ligase CUL3 in complex with its vertebrate-specific substrate adaptor KBTBD8 (CUL3(KBTBD8)) as an essential regulator of human and Xenopus tropicalis neural crest specification. CUL3(KBTBD8) monoubiquitylates NOLC1 and its paralogue TCOF1, the mutation of which underlies the neurocristopathy Treacher Collins syndrome. Ubiquitylation drives formation of a TCOF1-NOLC1 platform that connects RNA polymerase I with ribosome modification enzymes and remodels the translational program of differentiating cells in favour of neural crest specification. We conclude that ubiquitin-dependent regulation of translation is an important feature of cell-fate determination.
Introduction to the gadolinium class.

Among the many paramagnetic substances, gadolinium ions [Gd(III)] exhibit one of the strongest degrees of proton-relaxation enhancement, which can be applied advantageously to selectively enhance diseased tissues on MR images. Such enhancement often proves the difference between suggestive and conclusive MR diagnostic studies. Chelation of the metal to organic ligands enhances safety and facilitates diagnostically useful tissue distribution and renal clearance. Chelates confer the further advantage of enabling gadolinium to be joined with carrier molecules, which can, in turn, foster tissue- or even antigen-specific targeting of contrast agents. Cost and relative biologic-tolerance profiles may prove to be key factors for distinguishing agents with similar distributions in clinical practice
Identifying an IPO's Impact on Rival Firms

We use the IPO setting to demonstrate how the forecasts generated by a dynamic oligopoly model can help researchers overcome empirical challenges associated with establishing causality and identify appropriate control firms. Both of these are common issues in the empirical corporate finance literature. Recent papers report deteriorating performance by rivals following an IPO in the industry. Authors have attributed this to the competitive advantages a firm acquires by going public. When we reexamine this issue via a dynamic structural model, the results indicate that the value reductions across the industry primarily arise from an increased commoditization of the product market post-IPO. Based on the structural model, the paper develops a new causality test analogous to the difference-in-differences methodology and concludes that IPOs forecast future industry changes but do not cause them.
Issues in the psychiatric care of Hispanics.

Factors affecting the mental health care of ethnic minority groups in the United States deserve serious consideration. Hispanics, the seeond largest of these groups, face problems of access to care, high rates of substance abuse and HIV, and shortages of Hispanic psychiatric professionals. Recommendations for improving psychiatric care for Hispanics include changes in the areas of health insurance, research funding, affirmative action, and psychiatric training. (Psychiatric Services 48: 539-540, 1997)
The $$\overline{\partial }$$-Neumann Problem

Here we study a boundary problem arising in the theory of functions of several complex variables. A function u on an open domain \(\Omega \subset {\mathbb{C}}^{n}\) is holomorphic if \(\bar{\partial }u = 0\), where $$\bar{\partial }u ={ \sum \limits_{j}} \frac{\partial u} {\partial \bar{{z}}_{j}}\ d\bar{{z}}_{j},$$ (0.1) with \(d\bar{{z}}_{j} = d{x}_{j} - id{y}_{j}\) and $$\frac{\partial u} {\partial \bar{{z}}_{j}} = \frac{1} {2}\left (\frac{\partial u} {\partial {x}_{j}} + i \frac{\partial u} {\partial {y}_{j}}\right).$$ (0.2) In the study of complex function theory on Ω, one is led to consider the equation $$\bar{\partial }u = f,$$ (0.3) with \(f = \sum \nolimits {f}_{j}\ d\bar{{z}}_{j}\). More generally, one studies (0.3) as an equation for a (0, q)-form u, given a (0, q + 1)-form f; definitions of these terms are given in §1.
Demo: Augmenting Force-Sensing Interface to Mobile Devices with Sound

We present ForcePhone, a novel system of enabling commodity phones to recognize the force applied to their touch screen and body. Researchers have shown the usefulness and importance of this expressive input interface (especially for the one-hand operation), but this advanced function has not yet been realized and deployed in most state-of-the-art smartphones. Instead of augmenting specialized/proprietary sensors, ForcePhone uses only the phone's built-in sensors to measure the applied force via a physical property called structure-borne sound propagation. ForcePhone has been implemented and evaluated on both iOS and Android phones. Multiple demo applications based on ForcePhone have been implemented and tested. The estimated force is shown highly correlated to the real applied force and the estimation error is low enough to support various applications. Most participants in our usability study were able to master the ForcePhone-based apps and find them very useful.
Uniqueness of Positive Ground State Solutions of the Logarithmic Schrödinger Equation

We prove the uniqueness of positive ground state solutions of the problem \({ {\frac {d^{2}u}{dr^{2}}} + {\frac {n-1}{r}}{\frac {du}{dr}} + u \ln(|u|) = 0}\), \({u(r) > 0~\forall r \ge 0}\), and \({(u(r),u'(r)) \to (0, 0)}\) as \({r \to \infty}\). This equation is derived from the logarithmic Schrodinger equation \({{\rm i}\psi_{t} = {\Delta} \psi + u \ln \left(|u|^{2}\right)}\), and also from the classical equation \({{\frac {\partial u}{\partial t}} = {\Delta} u +u \left(|u|^{p-1}\right) -u}\). For each \({n \ge 1}\), a positive ground state solution is \({ u_{0}(r) = \exp \left(-{\frac{r^2}{4}} + {\frac{n}{2}}\right),~0 \le r < \infty}\). We combine \({u_{0}(r)}\) with energy estimates and associated Ricatti equation estimates to prove that, for each \({n \in \left[1, 9 \right]}\), \({u_{0}(r)}\) is the only positive ground state. We also investigate the stability of \({u_{0}(r)}\). Several open problems are stated.
A House Divided? Roll Calls, Polarization, and Policy Differences in the U.S. House, 1877–2011

The study of political conflict in legislatures is fundamental to understanding the nature of governance, but also difficult because of changes in membership and the issues addressed over time. Focusing on the enduring issue of civil rights in the United States since Reconstruction, we show that using current methods and measures to characterize elite ideological disagreements makes it hard to interpret or reconcile the conflicts with historical understandings because of their failure to adequately account for the policies being voted upon and the consequences of the iterative lawmaking process. Incorporating information about the policies being voted upon provides a starkly different portrait of elite conflict—not only are contemporary parties relatively less divided than is commonly thought, but the conflict occurs in a smaller, and more liberal, portion of the policy space. These findings have important implications for a broad range of work that uses elite actions to compare political conflict/polarization across time.
Preparing tomorrow’s professoriate: an examination of social justice language in social work PhD program manuals

AbstractSocial work claims social justice as a central value of the profession with the aim of challenging and changing oppressive structures. Despite this purported emphasis, there appears to be limited knowledge of how social justice is expressed and embedded in doctoral programs of social work. Social work PhD programs are of particular interest because of the unique position of program graduates to impact social work research and practice. This article examined how social work PhD programs in the US represent social justice discourses in program manuals and mission statements. Through a qualitative content analysis of selected social work PhD program documents, a continuum of social justice engagement emerged. Four categories were identified across this continuum: mentioning, theorizing, acting, and integrating. Social work PhD programs that reflect on how social justice is expressed within and beyond their programs may provide a more equitable and inclusive learning environment in social work PhD pro...
Categorical Abstract Logic: Hidden Multi-Sorted Logics as Multi-Term Institutions

Babenyshev and Martins proved that two hidden multi-sorted deductive systems are deductively equivalent if and only if there exists an isomorphism between their corresponding lattices of theories that commutes with substitutions. We show that the π-institutions corresponding to the hidden multi-sorted deductive systems studied by Babenyshev and Martins satisfy the multi-term condition of Gil-F´erez. This provides a proof of the result of Babenyshev and Martins by appealing to the general result of Gil-F´erez pertaining to arbitrary multi-term π-institutions. The approach places hidden multi-sorted deductive systems in a more general framework and bypasses the laborious reuse of well-known proof techniques from traditional abstract algebraic logic by using “off the shelf” tools.
Secure Processors Part I: Background, Taxonomy for Secure Enclaves and Intel SGX Architecture

Secure Processors Part I: Background, Taxonomy for Secure Enclaves and Intel SGX Architecture
Shining the Light on Intersectionality: The Complexities of Similarity and Difference in the Therapeutic Process from the Perspectives of Black and Hispanic Social Workers

Few studies have examined the experiences of non-White social workers in racially concordant and discordant therapeutic relationships. The relationship is often complex, with many factors intersect...
Mathematics Everywhere, Every Time

gotta bethird, Joon.”Most teachers agree that they should use rou-tines such as “lining up” and traditional objectssuch as blocks for learning. Realizing the fullpotential in such daily opportunities, however,is not always easy. This article presents some ofthe “everywhere, every time” activities from theBuilding Blocks project. We describe howteachers integrate these daily activities with awhole group, a small group, and a center; dis-cuss the software activities in the curriculum;and provide suggestions for using daily activi-ties effectively.
Multi-Component Schemes

The subject of Chapter 7 has been the separation and investigation of the diverse error sources that act on the approximation quality in case of the Van Kan scheme (with β ≥ 1/2). Especially, we treated the consistency error independently of those errors that stem from the quasi-compressibility constraint. Finally, we dealt with the particular problems that arise in the case of incompatibly posed initial data, both, from the theoretical and the computational point of view. As a result, we furnished that the assumptions given in Postulate B 2 are necessary to secure a second order convergence rate, otherwise there might be a global reduction of order of convergence for the approximation ũ m+l from O(k 2log1/k) to O(k).
Expert searching in public health.

Objective: The article explores the characteristics of public health information needs and the resources available to address those needs that distinguish it as an area of searching requiring particular expertise. Methods: Public health searching activities from reference questions and literature search requests at a large, urban health department library were reviewed to identify the challenges in finding relevant public health information. Results: The terminology of the information request frequently differed from the vocabularies available in the databases. Searches required the use of multiple databases and/or Web resources with diverse interfaces. Issues of the scope and features of the databases relevant to the search questions were considered. Conclusion: Expert searching in public health differs from other types of expert searching in the subject breadth and technical demands of the databases to be searched, the fluidity and lack of standardization of the vocabulary, and the relative scarcity of high-quality investigations at the appropriate level of geographic specificity. Health sciences librarians require a broad exposure to databases, gray literature, and public health terminology to perform as expert searchers in public health.
Implementation of the Cardiac Arrest Sonographic Assessment (CASA) protocol for patients with cardiac arrest is associated with shorter CPR pulse checks.

Abstract Objective We aim to evaluate whether implementation of the “Cardiac Arrest Sonographic Assessment” (CASA) protocol reduces the duration of interruptions in CPR during resuscitation of cardiac arrest (CA) compared to the pre-intervention period. Methods This was a quasi-experimental pre and post intervention study completed over 19 months in an urban Emergency Department. CA resuscitations were filmed and analyzed with respect to pulse check duration and use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). After one year, an intervention was implemented: ED residents and faculty were taught the CASA protocol and instructed on how to implement it within CA resuscitation. The primary outcome was the difference in CPR pulse check duration between the pre and post intervention period. Videos from pre and post intervention CA resuscitations were coded by two reviewers. Results Data was collected prospectively for 267 sequential cardiac arrests. 38 pre-intervention and 45 post-intervention resuscitations were videoed and included in analysis. Both groups had a median of 3 pulse checks and 2 POCUS exams performed per code. CPR pulse checks involving POCUS exams were 4.0 s (95%CI 1.7–6.3) shorter in the post-intervention group than in the pre-intervention group. CPR pause durations were 3.1 s (95%CI 0.7–5.6) shorter when the ultrasound probe was placed on the chest before stopping CPR compared to placement after stopping CPR, and 3.1 s (95%CI 0.6–5.6) shorter when an ED ultrasound fellowship trained faculty was present compared to non-ultrasound fellowship faculty. The proportion of pulse checks with ultrasound use increased from 64% before the intervention to 80% after the intervention. Conclusion In this pre and post-intervention study, the implementation of a structured algorithm for ultrasound use during cardiac arrest significantly reduced the duration of CPR interruptions when ultrasound was performed.
A survey of physician practices on the inpatient medical stabilization of patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition in 2013. ARFID can result in impaired growth and significant nutritional deficiency; individuals with ARFID may be so nutritionally compromised that they require medical stabilization in a hospital. Prior to the new diagnostic criteria, it is unclear how patients now diagnosed with ARFID may have been medically stabilized when hospitalized. Our study aim was to assess the inpatient medical management of adolescents with ARFID. United States-based physician members of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine’s Eating Disorder Special Interest Group’s listserv or the National Eating Disorders Quality Improvement Collaborative were invited to participate in an anonymous survey regarding their practices of care for hospitalized patients with ARFID. Thirty-seven (44.6%) of 83 physicians completed the survey; 73.0% (n = 27) of respondents medically admitted patients with ARFID. Half of respondents who admitted did not use any protocol for refeeding; 55% of those with a protocol used an anorexia nervosa treatment protocol. Solid food and nasogastric feeds were most commonly used for nutritional rehabilitation. Few typically prescribed medications in the hospital during medical stabilization. There is considerable variability of practice in the treatment of hospitalized patients with ARFID. An important next step is to test the efficacy of protocols for anorexia nervosa in treating ARFID patients.
Relative performance and systemic risk contributions of small and large banks during the financial crisis

Abstract During the financial crisis of 2007-2009, large banks (BHCs with assets exceeding $1 billion) suffered a sharper decline in performance and a greater increase in systemic risk, than small banks (BHCs with assets less than $1 billion). Performance is measured by return on assets (ROA) and EBIT/TA. Systemic risk (SRISK) is measured by the capital shortfall indicator proposed by Brownless and Engle (2017) and total risk is standard deviation of monthly returns. We test four hypotheses associated with the dissimilarity in behavioral patterns of large and small banks during the crisis: (1) the nontraditional banking activity hypothesis, (2) the organizational structure hypothesis, (3) the accounting risk hypotheses, and (4) the accounting conservatism hypothesis. We find that behavioral dissimilarities between large and small banks can be, at least, partially related to the first three hypotheses. Non-nested test procedures show that factors associated with nontraditional activity hypothesis fit the data for performance (ROA and EBIT/TA) and total risk the best. Organizational complexity factors are the most relevant set of variables related to systemic risk of banks (SRISK). The implications of our findings are that regulators should focus on factors related these two hypotheses to optimally alter bank performance and bank contribution to systemic risk, rather than limiting bank size and bank acquisitions as proposed by Section 622 of the Dodd-Frank Act (effective January 1, 2015). Our recommendation is in accord with attempts by the Trump administration to relax the Dodd-Frank Act.
Generation of Broadband THz Pulses by Laser Wakefield at Radial Boundary of Plasma Column

Photoionization of an ambient gas by a tightly focused, femtosecond, weakly relativistic laser pulse leaves behind the pulse a column of electron density (a “filament”). At the column surface, the density drops to zero within a thin (micron-scale) boundary layer. Ponderomotive force of the pulse drives within the filament a cylindrical wave of charge separation (laser wake). If the pulse waist size is much smaller than the Langmuir wavelength, electron current in the wake is mostly transverse. In the filament surface area, this current rapidly decays (electrons, crossing the sharp density gradient, phase out of wake within a few Langmuir oscillation cycles.) Coupling electron wake velocity to the sharp radial density gradient generates at the filament surface a short-lived, almost aperiodic rotational current. This current serves as a source for a broadband THz electromagnetic pulse co-moving with the wake. As long as the background gas is uniform, the wake phase velocity is slightly subluminal, and the THz pulse is evanescent in the radial direction. The evanescence is, however, slow, occurring on a millimeter to centimeter length scale. Properties of the evanescent THz pulse contain information on the wake currents, and may thus serve as optical diagnostics.
Kissing Intravascular Lithotripsy Facilitated Endovascular Repair of a Complex Saccular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm With Narrowed Distal Aorta: A First-in-Human Report

An 84-year-old woman with known abdominal aortic aneurysm for 18 years, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea on home oxygen therapy, and carotid artery disease status post–carotid endarterectomy was referred for definitive therapy. Recent computed tomography
Single-cell RT-LAMP mRNA detection by integrated droplet sorting and merging

Recent advances in transcriptomic analysis at single-cell resolution reveal cell-to-cell heterogeneity in a biological sample with unprecedented resolution. Partitioning single cells in individual micro-droplets and harvesting each cell's mRNA molecules for next-generation sequencing has proven to be an effective method for profiling transcriptomes from a large number of cells at high throughput. However, the assays to recover the full transcriptomes are time-consuming in sample preparation and require expensive reagents and sequencing cost. Many biomedical applications, such as pathogen detection, prefer highly sensitive, reliable and low-cost detection of selected genes. Here, we present a droplet-based microfluidic platform that permits seamless on-chip droplet sorting and merging, which enables completing multi-step reaction assays within a short time. By sequentially adding lysis buffers and reactant mixtures to micro-droplet reactors, we developed a novel workflow of single-cell reverse transcription loop-mediated-isothermal amplification (scRT-LAMP) to quantify specific mRNA expression levels in different cell types within one hour. Including single cell encapsulation, sorting, lysing, reactant addition, and quantitative mRNA detection, the fully on-chip workflow provides a rapid, robust, and high-throughput experimental approach for a wide variety of biomedical studies.
Analysis of powers-of-two calculations of the Allan variance and their relation to the standard variance

In this work we show that powers of two multiples of the sampling period are the optimal set of averaging period Allan variance (AVAR) calculations for determining power law noise types present in recorded data. The primary merit of AVAR is that it indicates the slopes associated with each of the power law noise types as well as the level of each type included, even for a mixture of noise types. We show that unlike other arbitrary series, the powers-of-two values are spectrally the closest-to-independent set of AVAR values possible, and thus optimally decompose frequencies in such a way as to have the least uncertainty in estimating slopes. We further demonstrate the unique property of this choice of averaging period series by proving the equivalence between the sums of the powers-of-two values of the non-overlapping Allan variance and twice the value of the standard variance.
Mode-crossing spectroscopy for photonic waveguide characterization

We report a novel spectroscopic technique to characterize photonic waveguides over more than an octave of wavelength. The technique, called mode-crossing spectroscopy, uses a broadband source and a spectrometer that are coupled to the input and output ends of a series of straight dielectric waveguides via single-mode optical fibers. Measurements of the wavelengths at which multiple modes are degenerate in a single waveguide enable the determination of the refractive index of the core, as well as the waveguide width variation. In addition, mode-dependent losses are reported from 700 nm to 1550 nm using waveguides of varying lengths. The core refractive indices are measured within an error of ±0.5%, waveguide width variation to an accuracy of less than 5 nm, and waveguide propagation losses within an error of ±0.5 dB/cm. Ultrabroadband in situ measurements of loss and index over an octave of bandwidth are crucial for the accurate characterization of photonic integrated circuits and devices, especially those based on precision broadband couplers, interferometers, and resonant cavities.
The Persuasive Actor: Rhetorical Power on the Contemporary Stage

Milan Dragicevich’s The Persuasive Actor makes a strong case that contemporary actors should learn the skills of classical rhetoric. The field of rhetoric analyzes methods of persuasion and examine...
Multi-Color Three-Photon Fluorescence Imaging Deep in Mouse Brain with Enhanced Cross Section

We demonstrate that excitation to a higher-energy excited state enables three-photon fluorescence signal enhancement in Texas Red. Moreover, we show multi-color three-photon fluorescence images and Ca2+ activity recording deep in mouse brain with single-wavelength excitation.
Extraction and optimization of neodymium from molten fluoride electrolysis

Abstract Most rare earth elements (REEs) are critical materials of extreme prominence. Because of their criticality, their convalescence into metal from rare earth oxide (REO) and their recycling from end-of-life materials are essential for the proficient use and safeguard of natural resources. With pyrometallurgical approaches using potential versus partial oxidation pressure (E-pO2-) diagrams, the conditions for making neodymium are established by which REOs are dissolved in a molten halide bath to form pure Nd metal in the electrolysis process. This paper also expands on how the diagrams are used and verified through design of experiment studies, which result in statistical rejoin models based on molten salt electrolysis for extracting neodymium from its oxide in a fluoride bath.
Translating noninvasive molecular responses into clinical reality for cancer immunotherapy

Noninvasive liquid biopsy assays integrating tumour and immune biomarkers are a promising tool to enhance clinical decision-making in immuno-oncology. Here, we discuss how circulating tumour DNA dynamics, in conjunction with pre-treatment tumour and immune features, can predict clinical response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors alongside the challenges in making their use a clinical reality.