cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating Plausibility Checks and Machine Learning for Misbehavior Detection in VANET

The safety and efficiency of vehicular communications rely on the correctness of the data exchanged between vehicles. In this paper we address the issue of detecting and classifying location spoofing misbehavior using the VeReMi dataset. We propose a framework for a system that uses plausibility checks as a feature vector for machine learning models, used to detect and classify misbehavior. Using KNN and SVM, our results show we can improve the overall detection precision of the plausibility checks used in the feature vectors by over 20%, while maintaining a recall within 5%. We have also proven once a misbehavior has been detected it is possible to classify different types of known misbehavior's. Classifying the misbehavior types allows for more accurate and specific action steps to counteract the attacks, hence improving the ability to recover safety and security in the system.
Handheld navigation for direct anterior total hip arthroplasty

Abstract Increasing utilization of the direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty has led to intraoperative fluoroscopy use to ensure implant alignment. Modalities to increase intraoperative accuracy can potentially decrease radiation exposure. Common limitations of tools such as leg length calipers, imageless navigation, and computed-tomography based navigation, are increased operative time and disruption of the surgical flow. HipAlign is a handheld navigation unit which provides intraoperative data for implant alignment within the sterile field, without the need for preoperative imaging studies. For direct anterior total hip arthroplasties, HipAlign has been shown to maintain accuracy of acetabular cup positioning while significantly decreasing fluoroscopy time with minimal increases in operative time.
Nonasymptotic Upper Bounds for Deletion Correcting Codes

Explicit nonasymptotic upper bounds on the sizes of multiple-deletion correcting codes are presented. In particular, the largest single-deletion correcting code for q-ary alphabet and string length is shown to be of size at most (qn-q)/{(q-1)(n-1)}. An improved bound on the asymptotic rate function is obtained as a corollary. Upper bounds are also derived on sizes of codes for a constrained source that does not necessarily comprise of all strings of a particular length, and this idea is demonstrated by application to sets of run-length limited strings. The problem of finding the largest deletion correcting code is modeled as a matching problem on a hypergraph. This problem is formulated as an integer linear program. The upper bound is obtained by the construction of a feasible point for the dual of the linear programming relaxation of this integer linear program. The nonasymptotic bounds derived imply the known asymptotic bounds of Levenshtein and Tenengolts and improve on known nonasymptotic bounds. Numerical results support the conjecture that in the binary case, the Varshamov-Tenengolts codes are the largest single-deletion correcting codes.
The Hungry Child and the Corner Store

Urban corner stores in Northeast Ohio have a reputation for contributing to neighborhood demise. Sales of liquor, cigarettes, lottery tickets, and other high-calorie low-nutrition foods along with high check-cashing fees have given corner stores titles such as “predatory” or “destructive.”
Repetitive Head Impact Exposure in College Football Following an NCAA Rule Change to Eliminate Two-A-Day Preseason Practices: A Study from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium

Repetitive head impact exposure sustained by athletes of contact sports has been hypothesized to be a mechanism for concussion and a possible explanation for the high degree of variability in sport-related concussion biomechanics. In an attempt to limit repetitive head impact exposure during the football preseason, the NCAA eliminated two-a-day practices in 2017, while maintaining the total number of team practice sessions. The objective of this study was to quantify head impact exposure during the preseason and regular season in Division I college football athletes to determine whether the 2017 NCAA ruling decreased head impact exposure. 342 unique athletes from five NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) programs were consented and enrolled. Head impacts were recorded using the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System during the entire fall preseasons and regular seasons in 2016 and 2017. Despite the elimination of two-a-day practices, the number of preseason contact days increased in 2017, with an increase in average hourly impact exposure (i.e., contact intensity), resulting in a significant increase in total head impact burden (+ 26%) for the 2017 preseason. This finding would indicate that the 2017 NCAA ruling was not effective at reducing the head impact burden during the football preseason. Additionally, athletes sustained a significantly higher number of recorded head impacts per week (+ 40%) during the preseason than the regular season, implicating the preseason as a time of elevated repetitive head impact burden. With increased recognition of a possible association between repetitive head impact exposure and concussion, increased preseason exposure may predispose certain athletes to a higher risk of concussion during the preseason and regular season. Accordingly, efforts at reducing concussion incidence in contact sports should include a reduction in overall head impact exposure.
The role of mantle melts in the transition from rifting to seafloor spreading offshore eastern North America

Abstract The Eastern North American Margin (ENAM) formed in the early Jurassic (∼195 Ma) with the breakup of supercontinent Pangea. This rifting event was accompanied by volcanism along the continental shelf of the eastern United States, giving rise to the East Coast Magnetic Anomaly (ECMA). Numerical models show that magmatic diking can assist rifting by reducing the effective stress required to rupture the lithosphere. Therefore, magma-rich rifts can develop a rapid transition from continental breakup to seafloor spreading. Alternatively, the onset of seafloor spreading may be accompanied by a long period of persistent thermal weakening and erosion of the lithosphere. In this paper we present analyses of active-source wide-angle seismic data collected during the 2014 ENAM Community Seismic Experiment in an area that extends farther offshore than previous seismic surveys along the eastern U.S. Seaward of the ECMA lies a zone of thin oceanic crust with high compressional seismic velocity (up to 7.5 km/s in the lower crust), whereas thicker normal oceanic crust lies ∼200 km farther offshore along another prominent magnetic anomaly, the Blake Spur Magnetic Anomaly (BSMA). We reconcile our seismic images with a petrologic model to evaluate the mantle melting conditions during the late stages of continental breakup and early seafloor spreading in the Central Atlantic. We propose that the zone of thin crust between the ECMA and BSMA with high seismic velocity is best explained by the presence of a ∼15–20 km thick lithospheric lid at the time of early seafloor spreading, which prevented melting in the shallow mantle. Our analysis suggests that the volcanism that produced the nearshore ECMA did not lead to complete lithospheric breakup of the conjugate North American and African margins. Normal seafloor spreading began at the BSMA under a moderately high mantle potential temperature of ∼1395–1420 °C, ∼25 million years after the initial formation of the volcanic margin. These results imply that stretching, thermal weakening, and rupture of the lithosphere may take millions of years, even in the presence of mantle melts.
Continuous Detection of Physiological Stress with Commodity Hardware

Timely detection of an individual’s stress level has the potential to improve stress management, thereby reducing the risk of adverse health consequences that may arise due to mismanagement of stress. Recent advances in wearable sensing have resulted in multiple approaches to detect and monitor stress with varying levels of accuracy. The most accurate methods, however, rely on clinical-grade sensors to measure physiological signals; they are often bulky, custom made, and expensive, hence limiting their adoption by researchers and the general public. In this article, we explore the viability of commercially available off-the-shelf sensors for stress monitoring. The idea is to be able to use cheap, nonclinical sensors to capture physiological signals and make inferences about the wearer’s stress level based on that data. We describe a system involving a popular off-the-shelf heart rate monitor, the Polar H7; we evaluated our system with 26 participants in both a controlled lab setting with three well-validated stress-inducing stimuli and in free-living field conditions. Our analysis shows that using the off-the-shelf sensor alone, we were able to detect stressful events with an F1-score of up to 0.87 in the lab and 0.66 in the field, on par with clinical-grade sensors.
Moral Agency as Cognitive Agency: Recovering Kant’s Conception of Virtue

Review of: Merritt, M., Kant on Reflection and Virtue, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, 219 pp. ISBN 978-1-108-42471-4.
A predictive coarse-grained model for position-specific effects of post-translational modifications on disordered protein phase separation

Abstract Biomolecules undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) resulting in the formation of multicomponent protein-RNA membraneless organelles in cells. However, the physiological and pathological role of post translational modifications (PTMs) on the biophysics of phase behavior is only beginning to be probed. To study the effect of PTMs on LLPS in silico, we extend our transferable coarse-grained model of intrinsically disordered proteins to include phosphorylated and acetylated amino acids. Using the parameters for modified amino acids available for fixed charge atomistic forcefields, we parameterize the size and atomistic hydropathy of the coarse-grained modified amino acid beads, and hence the interactions between the modified and natural amino acids. We then elucidate how the number and position of phosphorylated and acetylated residues alter the protein’s single chain compactness and its propensity to phase separate. We show that both the number and the position of phosphorylated threonines/serines or acetylated lysines can serve as a molecular on/off switch for phase separation in the well-studied disordered regions of FUS and DDX3X, respectively. We also compare modified residues to their commonly used PTM mimics for their impact on chain properties. Importantly, we show that the model can predict and capture experimentally measured differences in the phase behavior for position-specific modifications, showing that the position of modifications can dictate phase separation. In sum, this model will be useful for studying LLPS of post-translationally modified intrinsically disordered proteins and predicting how modifications control phase behavior with position-specific resolution. Statement of Significance Post-translational modifications are important regulators of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) which drives the formation of biomolecular condensates. Theoretical methods can be used to characterize the biophysical properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Our recent framework for molecular simulations using a Cα-centered coarse-grained model can predict the effect of various perturbations such as mutations (Dignon et al. PloS Comput. Biol, 2018) and temperature (Dignon et al, ACS Cent. Sci., 2019) on LLPS. Here, we expand this framework to incorporate modified residues like phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and acetylysine. This model will prove useful for simulating the phase separation of post-translationally modified IDPs and predicting how position-specific modifications can control phase behavior across the large family of proteins known to be phosphorylated and acetylated.
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: Engineering Safer Neurocritical Care Transitions

Inter-hospital patient transfers for neurocritical care are increasingly common due to increased regionalization for acute care, including stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. This process of transfer is uniquely vulnerable to errors and risk given numerous handoffs involving multiple providers, from several disciplines, located at different institutions. We present failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) as a systems engineering methodology that can be applied to neurocritical care transitions to reduce failures in communication and improve patient safety. Specifically, we describe our local implementation of FMEA to improve the safety of inter-hospital transfer for patients with intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage as evidence of success. We describe the conceptual basis for and specific use-case example for each formal step of the FMEA process. We assembled a multi-disciplinary team, developed a process map of all components required for successful transfer, and identified “failure modes” or errors that hinder completion of each subprocess. A risk or hazard analysis was conducted for each failure mode, and ones of highest impact on patient safety and outcomes were identified and prioritized for implementation. Interventions were then developed and implemented into an action plan to redesign the process. Importantly, a comprehensive evaluation method was established to monitor outcomes and reimplement interventions to provide for continual improvement. This intervention was associated with significant reductions in emergency department (ED) throughput (ED length of stay from 300 to 149 min, (p < .01), and improvements in inter-disciplinary communication (increase from pre-intervention (10%) to post- (64%) of inter-hospital transfers where the neurological intensive care unit and ED attendings discussed care for the patient prior to their arrival). Application of the FMEA approach yielded meaningful and sustained process change for patients with neurocritical care needs. Utilization of FMEA as a change instrument for quality improvement is a powerful tool for programs looking to improve timely communication, resource utilization, and ultimately patient safety.
Gender-dependent difference of NF-κB expression in the hippocampus of prenatally stressed offspring rats

In this study, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to determine whether the expression of NF-κB in the hippocampus of prenatally stressed offspring rats is gender-dependent. The results were as follows: In the female offspring rats, the expressions of p65 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in mid-term stress (MS) and late-term stress (LS) groups were significantly less than that in the control group (P0.01). There was a significant difference between MS and LS groups (P0.01). The expressions of p50 in all regions of hippocampus in MS and LS groups were significantly more than that in the control group (P0.01). A significant difference was also present between MS and LS groups (P0.01). In the male offspring rats, the expressions of p65 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in MS and LS groups were evidently more than that in the control group (P0.01). There was a significant difference between MS and LS groups (P0.01). The expressions of p50 in all regions of hippocampus in MS and LS groups were significantly less than that in the control group (P0.05, P0.01). There was also a significant difference in p65 expression between MS and LS groups (P0.01). In addition, in the control group the expressions of p65 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of female offspring rats were significantly more than that of male ones (P0.01). However, in LS group the expressions of p65 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of female offspring rats were significantly less than that of male ones (P0.01). Moreover, there was no significant difference inp65 expression between feamale and male offspring rats in MS group. In the control group the gender difference in the expression of p50 was only observed in hippocampal CA1 (P0.01). The expressions of p50 in all regions of hippocampus of female offspring rats were significantly more than that of male ones in LS group (P0.01). There was no significant difference in p50 expression between female and male offspring rats in MS group. The results of Western blot were similar to those of immunohistochemical study. These results indicate that prenatal stress in different gestational periods significantly affects the expressions of p65 and p50 in hippocampus, and this effect is gender-dependent. This may be one of the mechanisms underlying the gender difference in the ability of learning and memory of the prenatally stressed offspring rats.
Utilization of Discarded Surgical Tissue from Ultrasonic Aspirators to Establish Patient-Derived Metastatic Brain Tumor Cells: A Guide from the Operating Room to the Research Laboratory

Patient-derived cells from surgical resections are of paramount importance to brain tumor research. It is well known that there is cellular and microenvironmental heterogeneity within a single tumor mass. Thus, current established protocols for propagating tumor cells in vitro are limiting because resections obtained from conventional singular samples limit the diversity in cell populations and do not accurately model the heterogeneous tumor. Utilization of discarded tissue obtained from cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) of the whole tumor mass allows for establishing novel cell lines in vitro from the entirety of the tumor, thereby creating an accurate representation of the heterogeneous population of cells originally present in the tumor. Furthermore, while others have described protocols for establishing patient tumor lines once tissue has arrived in the research lab, a primer from the operating room (OR) to the research lab has not been described before. This is integral, as basic research scientists need to understand the surgical environment of the OR, including the methods utilized to obtain a patient's tumor resection, in order to more accurately model cancer biology in laboratory. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Establishment of brain tumor cell lines from patient-derived CUSA samples: processing brain tumor sample from the OR to the lab Support Protocol 1: Sterilization of microsurgical tools in preparation for dissection Support Protocol 2: Collagen coating of tissue culture flasks Basic Protocol 2: Selection of tumor cells in vitro Support Protocol 3: FACS sorting tumor sample to isolate cancer cells from heterogeneous cell population.
The structural basis for regulation of the glutathione transporter Ycf1 by regulatory domain phosphorylation

Yeast Cadmium Factor-1 (Ycf1) sequesters heavy metals and glutathione into the vacuole to counter cell stress. Ycf1 belongs to the ATP binding cassette C-subfamily (ABCC) of transporters, many of which are regulated by phosphorylation on intrinsically disordered domains. The regulatory mechanism of phosphorylation is still poorly understood. Here, we report two cryo-EM structures of Ycf1 at 3.4A and 4.0A in distinct inward-facing open conformations capturing a previously unobserved ordered state of the intrinsically disordered regulatory domain (R-domain). R-domain phosphorylation is clearly evident and induces a topology promoting electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with Nucleotide Binding Domain 1 (NBD1) and the lasso domain. These interactions stay constant between the structures and are related by rigid body movements of the NBD1/R-domain complex. Biochemical data further show R-domain phosphorylation reorganizes the Ycf1 architecture and is required for maximal ATPase activity. Together, we provide long-sought after insights into how R-domains control ABCC transporter activity.
Effect of a Swing-Assist Knee Prosthesis on Stair Ambulation

This paper describes stair ambulation control and functionality of a semi-powered knee prosthesis that supplements nominally passive prosthesis behavior with swing-phase assistance. A set of stair ascent and descent controllers are described. The controllers were implemented in a semi-powered prosthesis prototype, and the prospective benefits of swing assist in stair ambulation were assessed on a group of three participants with unilateral, transfemoral amputation, relative to their respective daily-use prostheses. Results indicate that ambulation with the semi-powered knee resulted in improved stair ascent gait symmetry when compared to the participants’ passive daily-use devices, and increased similitude to healthy stair ascent movement.
Predicting 21st century global agricultural land use with a spatially and temporally explicit regression-based model

Abstract The extensive alteration of the earth's land cover during the anthropocene had widespread, and in some cases unknown, effects on terrestrial and atmospheric conditions and processes. Predicting future changes to the earth system therefore mandate a future-predicting framework of land use dynamics. However while future-predicting earth surface and atmospheric models tend to explicitly incorporate projected climatic conditions they all but ignore or overly simplify land use dynamics. As most surface and atmosphere dynamics models use gridded input datasets, and land use is a highly spatially-dynamic phenomena, a need clearly arise for spatially explicit representation of future land use dynamics. While a number of such datasets exists at regional and country scales, no fully gridded future-predicting global land use model and database has been reported to date. Here we present the Global Land Use Dynamics Model (GLUDM), a gridded and temporally explicit agricultural land use predictor. GLUDM calculates the relative area of a land use category (e.g. cropland) in each grid-cell by generating unique regression coefficients in each grid-cell based on local historic trends and global population dynamics. Spatial expansions or abandonment of agricultural land is simulated by propagating excesses or deficiencies in agricultural areas between neighboring grid-cells. This spatial connectivity is restricted by topographic, latitudinal and urban characteristics. A validation analysis shows that GLUDM corresponds well to observed land use distribution. GLUDM-predicted global cropland area dynamics between 2005 and 2100 are described herein. Globally, 18% increase in cropland area is predicted between 2005 and 2050 which corresponds very well to previous estimations. Following 2050, a general decrease in cropland area is predicted. The results reveal new insights about global cropland dynamics, demonstrating, for example, that changes in its spatial distribution will be highly heterogeneous, at both micro and macro scales, in some locations worldwide.
Effects of Microstructure and Temperature on Dynamic Deformation of Single Crystal Zinc

Considerable progress has recently been made in the understanding of the physical processes which govern the dynamic elastic-plastic response of metals.1–3 Some of the workers in dynamic plasticity have tried to interpret their data in terms of the various rate-controlling mechanisms from dislocation theory. Most of such work has been phenomenological in nature and used an Arrhenius-type rate equation without incorporating explicitly the substructural details of the micromechanism for flow and the pertinent rate-controlling step. The principal objective of this report is to rationalize the various probable rate-controlling mechanisms for plastic deformation and correlate them with the present experimental data. Major emphasis will be given towards the synthesis and unification of strain rate effects arising from the simultaneous operation of several mechanisms. In particular, attempt will be made to estimate theoretically plastic strain rates over wide ranges of stress and temperature, based on as realistic a model as possible for the pertinent rate-controlling steps in the substructure.
A 3D Statistical Shape Model for the Left Ventricle of the Heart

We propose a method for creating a 3-D statistical shape model of the left ventricle from sets of sparse 2-D contour inputs. Since the input contours may not delineate consistent portions of the underlying organ from subject to subject, we apply a model-based approach to make associations (landmarks) between training examples. Included is a measure of confidence in these created landmarks. Statistics on the model shape are garnered via principal component analysis. The results of applying the technique to a 14 subject database are presented.
Water quantity implications of regional-scale switchgrass production in the southeastern U.S.

Abstract Expansion of ethanol production has led to regional-scale cultivation of cellulosic biofuel crops, such as switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.), on agriculturally marginal lands. A range of forest-based solutions are also being evaluated, especially in the southeastern U.S. However, there may be unanticipated environmental consequences, including changes in water export when managing forests to accommodate biofuel demands at a regional scale. We used the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate effects of regional-scale conversion of loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) plantations to switchgrass biofuel production on stream flow in the ∼5 million ha Tombigbee River Watershed in the southeastern U.S. Greater than 50% of the Tombigbee Watershed is forested, with 20% of the watershed supporting primarily loblolly pine forests. We modified the SWAT model by adding five age classes of loblolly pine trees, to more accurately represent existing forested systems. We found that maximum conversion of loblolly pine to switchgrass, affecting 7% of the watershed, represented an extreme land-use change and resulted in a 4% increase in annual stream flow. The more operationally and economically feasible option of converting young (≤4 yrs) and old (≥16 yrs) loblolly pine stands to switchgrass on
Reading Statistics and Research (5th ed.)

The users of this book can be teachers of measurement, research, and statistics courses. Also, this book can be valuable to researchers and consumers of research as a reference. The book is written...
Reevaluación de la brecha del lenguaje receptivo-expresivo en individuos con síndrome de Down

Resumen La investigacion centrada en la brecha del lenguaje receptivo-expresivo en personas con sindrome de Down (SD) ha comprobado de modo consistente que las tecnicas del lenguaje receptivo estan mas avanzadas que las del lenguaje expresivo. Aunque este estudio se ha limitado a los ninos, se ha estimado que la relacion entre las tecnicas de los lenguajes receptivo y expresivo no varia a lo largo de la vida. La investigacion actual se centra en la brecha del lenguaje receptivo-expresivo en adultos con SD. La primera fase del estudio utilizo una encuesta para explorar la dificultad percibida de las tareas de los lenguajes receptivo y expresivo en adultos con SD. Los hallazgos concluyeron que los adultos perciben mas dificultad en las tareas del lenguaje receptivo (seguimiento de instrucciones) que en las del lenguaje expresivo (hablar con los demas en el trabajo). La segunda fase del estudio se diseno como un seguimiento de los resultados de la encuesta, para explorar en mayor profundidad la brecha del lenguaje receptivo-expresivo en 10 adultos con SD. Se utilizaron pruebas de lenguaje formal, encuestas y entrevistas. Las pruebas formales indicaron que la relacion entre las tecnicas de los lenguajes receptivo y expresivo era mas individualizada en los adultos. Los resultados de la encuesta y la entrevista indicaron que los participantes percibieron mas dificultad en las tecnicas receptivas que en las expresivas en los centros de trabajo y en la vida diaria. La discusion considera los motivos de la variacion entre sujetos y las ramificaciones del PEI (Programa de educacion individualizado) y de la planificacion de la transicion. La conclusion es que no puede conjeturarse que la brecha del lenguaje receptivo-expresivo es igual para las diferentes edades, y que existe una necesidad de evaluar individualmente las tecnicas de los lenguajes receptivo y expresivo en todas las edades.
PROPERTIES OF OVARIAN EXTRACTS

FOR A LONG TIME it has been recognized that the ovary is made up of several distinct parts. The corpora lutea, the maturing graafian follicles, the interstitial tissue, and the primary, or immature follicles constitute 4 parts. Investigations have been made to prepare hormones from 3 of these parts. Progesterone has been obtained from the corpora lutea of the ovary (1-4). Extracts from the corpora lutea have also yielded a substance with estrogenic powers (6, 7, 8) which is thought to be estrone (2). Also, relaxin, a substance with specific action on pelvic ligaments, has been reported (1). Extracts of the portion of the ovary remaining after removal of the corpora lutea and the follicular fluid are frequently spoken of as extracts of the residual ovary. A number of investigators (9,10) have made such extracts and studied their estrogenic content. For the author (11,12) the estrogenic content of the residual ovary with and without the corpora lutea has been nearly constant.
The clinical course of patients with type 1 hepatorenal syndrome maintained on hemodialysis.

Goal: Report the natural coarse of hepatorenal syndrome in 4 patients who were maintained on chronic hemodialysis. Background: The diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome carries a grave prognosis with a...
Interaction of calf thymus histones and DNA with steroids.

Abstract The interaction of histones and DNA from calf thymus with cortisol, progesterone, 17β-estradiol, and testosterone was studied by measuring the radioactivities of labelled steroids bound to histones and DNA after gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. Maximum binding occurred between cortisol and the arginine-rich histones. The other steroids interacted with whole and arginine-rich histones to a lesser extent. The interaction of steroids with the lysine-rich histones and DNA was low. This interaction of cortisol with arginine-rich histones may be related to its mode of action.
Experimental characterization of Gaussian quantum discord generated by four-wave mixing

We experimentally determine the Gaussian quantum discord present in two-mode squeezed vacuum generated by a four-wave mixing process in hot rubidium vapor. The frequency spectra of the discord as well as the quantum and classical mutual information are also measured. In addition, the effects of symmetric attenuation introduced into both modes of the squeezed vacuum on the Gaussian quantum discord, and the quantum mutual information and the classical correlations are examined experimentally. Finally, we show that due to the multi-spatial-mode nature of the four-wave mixing process, the Gaussian quantum discord may exhibit sub- or superadditivity depending on which spatial channels are selected.
Using Attribute Classes to Uncover Latent Value during Conceptual Systems Design

A key challenge for designers is to create systems that stakeholders will perceive as delivering sustained value over the life of the system. The perceived value of a system by its stakeholders changes over time as a result of many different factors such as experience with use of the system, changes within the regulatory environment or marketplace, availability of new technologies, and emergent needs. During the concept phase, designers elicit stakeholder needs and desired system attributes though various methods, yet there is often significant unarticulated or latent value that remains uncovered until later in the system lifecycle. A method is presented that uses attribute classes to aid the system designer in understanding perceived value in context of an overall value spectrum. Desired system attributes are characterized using several value classes including: articulated value, free latent value, combinatorial latent value, accessible value and inaccessible value. Illustrative examples are presented to examine how this method can aid the designer in a deeper exploration of system attributes to uncover latent value during the conceptual system design phase. Implications of this method for improving the overall system design process are discussed, including strategies for bearing the costs of latent value.
Observation of nuclear forward scattering from 83Kr in bulk and monolayer films.

The coherent nuclear forward scattering of synchrotron radiation from the 9.4-keV level of $^{83}\mathrm{Kr}$ has been observed from bulk films and monolayer Kr adsorbed on exfoliated graphite.
IN VIVO EXCISION OF PYRIMIDINE DIMERS IS MEDIATED BY A DNA N‐GLYCOSYLASE IN MICROCOCCUS LUTEUS BUT NOT IN HUMAN FIBROBLASTS

It has been previously shown that Micrococcus luteus possesses a pyrimidine dimer-specific endonuclease which in vitro, functions as both an endonuclease and DNA-glycosylase. To determine if these combined activities function in vivo, we have isolated and examined the excision products of UV-irradiated M. luteus. In addition, we have devised a procedure to isolate and examine the excision products from UV-irradiated human fibroblasts to determine if an endonuclease/glycosylase activity functions in the excision of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in human fibroblasts. We find that, in vivo, an endonuclease/glycosylase mechanism is utilized extensively in the repair of pyrimidine dimers by M. luteus, but that human fibroblasts do not appear to use this mechanism.
Catharanthus Alkaloids XXXII: Isolation of Alkaloids from Catharanthus Trichophyllus Roots and Structure Elucidation of Cathaphylline

Abstract Further examination of the cytotoxic alkaloid fractions of Catharanthus trichophyllus roots afforded nine alkaloids. Two of these alkaloids, lochnericine and horhammericine, are responsible for part of the cytotoxic activity. The structure elucidation of cathaphylline, a new β‐anilino acrylate derivative, is described.
Gender and genius in japan: Feminine eminence in masculine culture

The number of distinguished women was hypothesized to fluctuate over consecutive historical periods according to concomitant changes in the dominant male culture. Three conjectures were evaluated using a sample of 2453 Japanese creators and leaders active between 580 and 1959. Applying generational time-series analysis to 69 consecutive 20-year periods, indicators gauged changes in female literary and nonliterary eminence along with male literary activity, power and aggressive behavior, and ideology. Although the emergence of gender-biased belief systems was negatively associated with female distinction in all domains, literary success of both men and women was linked to similar contextual factors, especially a negative association with male power and aggressive activities. The group-level results are interpreted in terms of possible individual and interpersonal processes.
Effective stress in the gauge theory of dislocations

Abstract Standard practices of the calculus of variations are used to modify the Lagrangian function of elasticity so that boundary tractions and initial linear momentum densities can be specified. Taken in conjunction with the Yang-Mills type minimal coupling theory of dislocations, these practices lead directly to a demonstration that the effective stress and linear momentum are what drive the dislocation fields in finite material bodies without disclinations.
A screen of candidate genes and influence of β2-adrenergic receptor genotypes in postural tachycardia syndrome

Abstract Objective To screen candidate genes, encoding β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR), α 2C -adrenergic receptor (α 2C AR), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and mitochondrial complex I (COI), for common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS); alterations could potentially cause or aggravate orthostatic tachycardia and to relate β 2 AR SNPs, known to effect venomotor tone, to heart rate (HR) and blood pressure measurements during 10-min head-up tilt. Methods (a) DNA extraction from leukocytes of 29 patients with POTS; (b) Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography analysis to screen for the 12-bp deletion (Del322–325) in α 2C AR and for the alanine to proline mutation at amino acid 457 (Ala457Pro ) in NET; (c) Systematic direct sequence analysis to screen for SNPs in β 2 AR, NET, and COI. Results Three common polymorphisms were abundant in at least one allele in β 2 AR resulting in a cysteine to arginine in the 5′ promoter region (72% of patients), an arginine to glycine at amino acid-16 (Gly16; 86%), and a glutamine to glutamic acid at amino acid-27 (Glu27; 66%), a frequency that was no different to the normal Caucasian population. Orthostatic HR was significantly greater in patients with Glu27. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly lower in a subset of patients with Gly16 whose HR were ≥ 120 beats/min with head-up tilt. All patients did not show the Ala457Pro mutation of NET; all sequence variants detected in α 2C AR, NET, and COI were not considered causally related to POTS. Conclusions Of the candidate genes screened, none harbored a SNP considered to be causally related to POTS. There was significant association of HR and DBP with SNPs of the gene encoding β 2 AR; Gly16 or Glu27 could aggravate orthostatic tachycardia by excessive venous pooling.
Personality and major depression: a Swedish longitudinal, population-based twin study.

Context Prior studies suggest that the personality traits of neuroticism and extroversion may be related to the liability to major depression (MD). Objective To clarify the magnitude and nature of the association between neuroticism and extroversion and the risk for MD. Design Longitudinal population-based twin cohort. Setting General community. Participants A total of 20 692 members of same-sex twin pairs from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry who completed a self-report questionnaire assessing neuroticism and extroversion in 1972 and 1973 and were personally interviewed for lifetime history of MD more than 25 years later. Main Outcome Measure Lifetime history of modifiedDSM-IVMD. Results Levels of neuroticism strongly predicted the risks for both lifetime and new-onset MD. Twin modeling indicated that the association between neuroticism and MD resulted largely from shared genetic risk factors, with a genetic correlation of +0.46 to +0.47. Levels of extroversion were weakly and inversely related to the risks for lifetime and new-onset MD. This effect disappeared when we controlled for the level of neuroticism. Twin modeling produced similar results. Conclusions Results from both longitudinal and genetic analyses support the hypothesis that neuroticism strongly reflects the liability to MD. This association arises largely because neuroticism indexes the genetic risk for depressive illness. However, substantial proportions of the genetic vulnerability to MD are not reflected in neuroticism. By contrast, extroversion is only weakly related to risk for MD.
The Mean Free Path of Relativistic Electrons for Plasmon Excitation

The interaction of a relativistic electron with a system of plasmons is considered. First-order perturbation theory is used to calculate the rate of excitation of plasmons by the incident electron; the excitation rate leads to a mean free path. It is shown that relativistic corrections to the mean free path are generally quite negligible and thus the mean free path calculated using a nonrelativistic incident electron, when expressed in the “proper fashion”, is also correct relativistically. Es wird die Wechselwirkung eines relativistischen Elektrons mit einem Plasmonensystem betrachtet. Storungsrechnung erster Ordnung wird benutzt, um die Anregungsrate der Plasmonen durch die einfallenden Elektronen zu berechnen; die Anregungsrate fuhrt zu einer mittleren freien Weglange. Es wird gezeigt, das relativistische Korrekturen zur mittleren freien Weglange im allgemeinen vollig vernachlassigt werden konnen und die unter Annahme eines nichtrelativistischen einfallenden Elektrons berechnete mittlere freie Weglange auch relativistisch korrekt ist, wenn sie in der „richtigen Weise” ausgedruckt wird.
Technological teaming as a marketing strategy

Abstract The use of information technology offers industrial marketers considerable potential for cultivating strategic advantages. This article investigates the concept of “technological teaming,” where information technology is coupled with an emerging marketplace strategy, marketing teams. The managerial implications for industrial marketers adopting this approach are also presented.
Structural Damage Identification with Performance-based Uncertainty Quantification and Feedback Control

This article presents an investigation of damage detection of a structure with significant uncertainty. The proposed approach integrates the performance-based uncertainty quantification and feedback control techniques for damage identification. A singular value decomposition (SVD) technique is used to decompose parameter variations into principal components that are weighted with the sensitivity of the performance metric for damage identification. This SVD technique can be used to differentiate between dominant uncertainties and minor uncertainties corresponding to damage identification. To improve the performance of damage identification under uncertainty, a feedback controller is incorporated into the structure to reduce the effect of the quantified uncertainty. The probability framework, based on Monte Carlo simulation, is used to predict the false identification of damage. Examples based on the structural dynamics challenge problem issued by Sandia National Laboratories are used to demonstrate the pro...
Nature of insect and host tree interactions1,2

Insects possess an array of sensory and physiological mechanisms for habitat and host tree location and determination of host suitability. Also, many insects have evolved numerous adapitve mechanisms to overcome the morphological and physiological defences of host plants. A review of interactions of insects with their host trees is presented stressing the need for better understanding to effectively manage forest stands and minimize the impact of the insects. Zusammenfassung Formen der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Insekt und Wirtsbaum Insekten besitzen eine Vielzahl von sensorischen und physiologischen Mechanismen zur Habitat- und Wirtsfindung und Erkennung der Wirtseignung. Auserdem haben sie oft spezielle Anpassungen gegen die morphologischen und physiologischen Abwehrmechanismen ihrer Wirtspflanzen entwickelt. Eine genauere Kenntnis der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Insekten und ihren Wirtsbaumen kann wesentlich zu einer wirksamen Waldbewirtschaftung und Verringerung der Insektenschaden beitragen.
Is the Tension Beneath a Tension Infiltrometer What We Think It Is

The tension infiltrometer has become a standard tool for measuring near-saturated soil hydraulic properties. The objective of this study was to examine the dynamics of the supply tension at the interface between the tension infiltrometer and the measured soil using a pressure transducer under different soil conditions and to raise some cautions needed for proper use of this standard device. Infiltration experiments were conducted on a tension table, a large sand column, and in two field soils of contrasting textures and structures to test the performance of the standard two-piece infiltrometer. Results showed that during high flow rates (>200 cm 3 min −1 ) the tension at the infiltrometer–soil interface started to deviate by as much as 15 mm from the desired tension. However, during field experiments the high flow rates were not experienced, and thus no deviation was observed between the preset desired tension and the actual measured tension at the infiltrometer–soil interface. To alleviate the problem of tension deviation under high flow, the water supply tubing and fitting diameters of the standard infiltrometer were successfully increased to yield a higher flow rate (≈300–400 cm 3 min −1 ) without elevated tensions.
Evaluation of myocardial function in patients with end-stage heart failure during support with the Jarvik 2000 left ventricular assist device.

Abstract In 2 patients with the Jarvik 2000 left ventricular assist device (LVAD), we assessed left ventricular systolic function through pressure-volume loops and E max at the beginning and end of the support period to potentially predict the possibility of pump removal without transplantation. Immediately before LVAD implantation and explantation, pressure and volume measurements were made with catheters and echocardiography, respectively, the E max being calculated from the slope of the pressure-volume loops, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) being estimated by echocardiography. Transplantation was performed after 14 and 62 days, respectively, during which the LVEF increased by 75% (from 12% to 21%) in Patient 1 and remained unchanged (from 16% to 18%) in Patient 2, whereas the E max increased from 0.63 and 0.42 mm Hg/ml, respectively, to 1.31 and 1.07 mm Hg/ml, reflecting a 107% and 155% improvement. In these 2 cases, the E max was a more reliable indicator of intrinsic myocardial contractility than was the LVEF.
Do light colored scalars exist

Abstract The general question of the properties of light, neutral colored spin-zero particles in QCD is examined. Models with spontaneous breaking of QCD at very large distances, such as that of DeRujula, Giles, and Jaffe and the SO (3) scheme of Slansky, Goldman, and Shaw, require such light colored Higgs scalars. These scalars will form color-singlet hadronic bound states at short distances and estimates are given of bound state masses, decay widths, and production rates in processes such as ψ → γ + X within the MIT bag model. The resulting states are expected in the mass neighborhood ∼1.5 GeV and should resemble glueballs.
Formulating an Ecosystem Approach to Environmental Protection

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has embraced a new strategy of environmental protection that is place-driven rather than program-driven. This new approach focuses on the protection of entire ecosystems. To develop an effective strategy of ecosystem protection, however, EPA will need to: (1) determine how to define and delineate ecosystems and (2) categorize threats to individual ecosystems and priority rank ecosystems at risk. Current definitions of ecosystem in use at EPA are inadequate for meaningful use in a management or regulatory context. A landscape-based definition that describes an ecosystem as a volumetric unit delineated by climatic and landscape features is suggested. Following this definition, ecosystems are organized hierarchically, from megaecosystems, which exist on a continental scale (e.g., Great Lakes), to small local ecosystems. Threats to ecosystems can generally be categorized as: (1) ecosystem degradation (occurs mainly through pollution) (2) ecosystem alteration (physical changes such as water diversion), and (3) ecosystem removal (e.g., conversion of wetlands or forest to urban or agricultural lands). Level of threat (i.e., how imminent), and distance from desired future condition are also important in evaluating threats to ecosystems. Category of threat, level of threat, and “distance” from desired future condition can be combined into a three-dimensional ranking system for ecosystems at risk. The purpose of the proposed ranking system is to suggest a preliminary framework for agencies such as EPA to prioritize responses to ecosystems at risk.
Infrared Liquid Crystal Light Valve

An advanced dynamic infrared (IR) image projection system based on liquid crystal light valve (LCLV) technology is described. The IR-LCLV is capable of presenting a complex IR dynamic image with high spatial and temperature resolution and wide dynamic range at video frame rates. Experimental results obtained from an IR-LCLV utilizing a cathode ray tube as the input source and an extended IR source (blackbody) as the projection beam are presented.