cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptation: The language of classroom learning

Abstract In this article, we propose a theory for understanding the processes of adaptation in classroom learning and interaction. Adaptation processes are the emergent, improvisational, and recursive relationships between tensions and how they subsequently reorder learning activities. Through the analysis of a representative example of classroom interaction, we illustrate that shifts and tensions in the course of ongoing learning activity (adaptations) lead to the creation of new knowledge and the actualization of curricula. This theoretical framework arises from research conducted as part of a 3-year longitudinal study of third and fourth grade science elementary school classrooms.
Neighborhood contexts and the mediating role of neighborhood social cohesion on health and psychological distress among Hispanic and non-Hispanic residents.

Background Neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) may contribute to understanding how neighborhood contexts influence the physical and mental health of residents.
Synthesis of EF24−Tripeptide Chloromethyl Ketone: A Novel Curcumin-Related Anticancer Drug Delivery System

The blood coagulation cascade includes a step in which the soluble protein, factor VIIa (fVIIa), complexes with its transmembrane receptor, tissue factor (TF). The fVIIa/TF protein-protein complex is subsequently drawn into the cell by endocytosis. The observation that TF is aberrantly and abundantly expressed on many cancer cells offers an opportunity to specifically target those cells with an effective anticancer drug. Thus, we propose a new drug delivery system, drug-linker-Phe-Phe-Arg-mk-fVIIa, which can associate with TF on the surface of cancer cells, but release the cytotoxic agent in the cytoplasm. Synthetic procedures have been developed for the preparation of phenylalanine-phenylalanine-arginine chloromethyl ketone, (FFRck) followed by coupling with the cytotoxin EF24 and subsequently fVIIa to give EF-24-FFRmk-fVIIa. When breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and human melanoma cells (RPMI-7951) are treated with the complex, the cells are arrested to a greater extent than EF24 alone by comparison with controls.
Augmented partial reset

Diminishing the cost of testing digital VLSI circuits is the goal of design for testability (DFT) techniques. Recently, a new approach called partial reset has been added to the suite of DFT techniques. Only a subset of the flip-flops are capable of resetting. This approach obtained reasonably high coverage. We show that controllability is further enhanced by using multiple reset lines. The configuration of these multiple reset lines is described. This technique has been evaluated on the 1989 ISCAS sequential benchmark circuits, and the results are discussed.
Hardware counter driven on-the-fly request signatures

Today's processors provide a rich source of statistical informationon application execution through hardware counters. In this paper, we explore the utilization of these statistics as request signaturesin server applications for identifying requests and inferring high-level request properties (e.g., CPU and I/O resource needs). Our key finding is that effective request signatures may be constructed using a small amount of hardware statistics while the request is still in an early stage of its execution. Such on-the-fly request identification and property inference allow guided operating system adaptation at request granularity (e.g., resource-aware request scheduling and on-the-fly request classification). We address the challenges of selecting hardware counter metrics for signature construction and providing necessary operating system support for per-request statistics management. Our implementation in the Linux 2.6.10 kernel suggests that our approach requires low overhead suitable for runtime deployment. Our on-the-fly request resource consumption inference (averaging 7%, 3%, 20%, and 41% prediction errors for four server workloads, TPC-C, TPC-H, J2EE-based RUBiS, and a trace-driven index search, respectively) is much more accurate than the online running-average based prediction (73-82% errors). Its use for resource-aware request scheduling results in a 15-70% response time reduction for three CPU-bound applications. Its use for on-the-fly request classification and anomaly detection exhibits high accuracy for the TPC-H workload with synthetically generated anomalous requests following a typical SQL-injection attack pattern.
An alternative to model checking: verification by random search of AND-OR graphs representing finite-state models

In the development of high-assurance systems, formal modeling, analysis and verification techniques are playing an increasingly important role. In spite of significant advances, formal modeling and verification using model checking, still suffer from limited applicability. The main reason is the exponential runtime space growth exhibited, in the general case, by model checkers. We describe a less rigorous alternative to model checking. We propose an algorithm that automatically translates finite state machine models used by model checkers into a variation of AND-OR graphs. State space verification of AND-OR graphs does not suffer from state space explosion, but its exhaustive search is an NP complete problem. Hence, we demonstrate that random search of AND-OR graphs is a viable alternative to model checking, suitable for system debugging and fast analysis during system development. We support our conclusions through the studies of two models, Dekker's two process mutual exclusion algorithm and the Space Shuttle's liquid hydrogen subsystem.
Novel Population Genetics in Ciliates due to Life Cycle and Nuclear Dimorphism

Our understanding of population genetics comes primarily from studies of organisms with canonical life cycles and nuclear organization, either haploid or diploid, sexual, or asexual. Although this template yields satisfactory results for the study of animals and plants, the wide variety of genomic organizations and life cycles of unicellular eukaryotes can make these organisms behave differently in response to mutation, selection, and drift than predicted by traditional population genetic models. In this study, we show how each of these unique features of ciliates affects their evolutionary parameters in mutation-selection, selection-drift, and mutation-selection-drift situations. In general, ciliates are less efficient in eliminating deleterious mutations-these mutations linger longer and at higher frequencies in ciliate populations than in sexual populations--and more efficient in selecting beneficial mutations. Approaching this problem via analytical techniques and simulation allows us to make specific predictions about the nature of ciliate evolution, and we discuss the implications of these results with respect to the high levels of polymorphism and high rate of protein evolution reported for ciliates.
On-chip solid-state cooling for integrated circuits using thin-film microrefrigerators

An overview of recent advances in solid-state cooling utilizing thin-film silicon germanium-based microrefrigerators is given. Key parameters affecting micro cooler performance are described. A 3-/spl mu/m thick 200/spl times/ (3 nm Si/12 nm Si/sub 0.75/Ge/sub 0.25/) superlattice device can achieve maximum cooling of 4/spl deg/C at room temperature, maximum cooling power density of 600 W/cm/sup 2/ for 40-/spl mu/m diameter device and fast transient response on the order of tens of micro-seconds independent of the device size. Three-dimensional electrothermal simulations show that individual microrefrigerators could be used to remove hot spots in silicon chips with minimal increase in the overall power dissipation.
The National College for School Leadership: A North American Perspective on Opportunities and Challenges

The growing interest internationally in leadership development and how leaders contribute to student learning makes the development of the National College for School Leadership (NCSL) an intriguin...
Trends in water market activity and price in the western United States

[1] Over 2000 water market transactions that occurred in the western United States from 1990 to 2003 were examined to learn who sold to whom and for what purpose, how much water was involved, and how much it sold for. The transactions show that much more water changes hands via leases than via sales of water rights. Public agencies and irrigators are the most common lessors, with lessees being fairly evenly distributed across types of buyers. However, with water rights sales, irrigators are by far the most common sellers and municipalities the most common buyers. Across the West in general, the number of leases has been rising in recent years, as have their prices. The prices of water right sales have also been rising, but the number of sales has not. The price of water is highly variable both within and between western states, reflecting the localized nature of the factors that affect water prices.
Temperature dependence of the interaction between surface acoustic waves and nickel thin films

Abstract Measurements of the magnetic-field-dependent attenuation of 618-MHz surface acoustic waves by a 500-A nickel film, made over the temperature range 4–350 K, are reported. Some room-temperature hysteresis-dependent interactions are also described.
Structure matrices for petri nets and their applications

Abstract Petri nets serve as a model of computer systems which involve concurrent processes. Conflict and confluence are relations which can limit concurrency in many situations, while precedence between processes can completely negate any concurrency. This paper introduces several new matrices which show important relationships between transitions and places in Petri nets. These matrices are grouped into three types: conflict, confluence and precedence matrices. It is also shown that the matrices help to classify nets into widely known subclasses.
Boolean behavior extraction from circuit layout

A Boolean behavior extraction method for static MOS circuits is proposed. From the signal-flow point of view, this approach can unify the functionality extraction for different design styles, including pass transistor logic, which cannot be treated using the traditional gate-level circuit model. To handle high-impedance states in MOS transistors, three Boolean equations, which are an extension of two-valued Boolean equations, are needed to describe the behavior of each node. Rules are presented to extract the Boolean behavior as well as to check the electrical safeness at some special nodes. An algorithm is used to identify these special nodes and guide the rules to perform functionality extraction. The extraction process is fast, since rules only apply to a small portion of the transistor group each time and few signal paths need to be found. Furthermore, it is easy to locate design error, both electrical and functional, because the error is confined to a small region by the algorithm during the extraction phase. >
Motor circuits are required to encode a sensory model for imitative learning

Summary Premotor circuits help generate complex behaviors, including those learned by imitation. Premotor circuits also can be activated during observation of another animal’s behavior, leading to speculation that they also participate in sensory learning important to imitation. Here we tested this idea by focally manipulating the brain activity of juvenile zebra finches, which learn to sing by memorizing and vocally copying the song of an adult tutor. Tutor song-contingent optogenetic or electrical disruption of neural activity in the pupil’s song premotor nucleus HVC prevented song copying, indicating that a premotor structure important to the temporal control of birdsong also helps encode the tutor song. In vivo multiphoton imaging and neural manipulations delineated a pathway and candidate synaptic mechanism through which tutor song information is encoded by premotor circuits. These findings provide evidence that premotor circuits help to encode sensory information about the behavioral model prior to shaping and executing imitative behaviors. The cultural transmission of behavior involves observation of a behavioral model followed by imitation of the observed behavior. How the brain encodes the formative sensory experience provided by the behavioral model remains poorly understood. Although sensory structures are undoubtedly activated during observation of the model, premotor structures that play a role in generating imitative behaviors also can be activated during observation of another animal’s behavior 1–5 . This has led to speculation that premotor circuits may also help to encode sensory information about the model that is important to subsequent behavioral imitation 6–9 . Birdsong is a culturally transmitted vocal behavior with strong parallels to human speech learning, including obligatory auditory experience of a vocal model during a juvenile sensitive period followed by a phase of vocal copying 10–13 . Juvenile male zebra finches first listen to and memorize the song of an adult male tutor during a sensory learning phase (Fig. 1a; ~30–60 days post-hatching (dph)), then engage in vocal practice to emulate this memorized song model during a partially overlapping and more
Introduction to Luther's Theology in Global Context

Luther's theology has for the past two centuries been interpreted in the categories of German Protestant thought. As the paradigmatic ‘Reformer’, however, Luther transcends the geographical and historical restrictions of his own sixteenth-century German context, so that his person and work emerge as inspirations of freedom in global context. This essay looks at Luther's theology of freedom by treating its reception in distinct contexts. The particularities of freedom as ‘justification’ spoken by ‘the word’ is a characteristic feature of German Protestantism. Freedom is interpreted in its Nordic and North American contexts in less ‘word-focused’ and more philosophical-theological concepts as well as in complex dialogue with late medieval thought. Contemporary feminist and liberation theologians take Luther's message into the global context of oppression and violence, seeing in Luther constructive potential for addressing economic and political injustice. The ‘global Luther’ opens up new possibilities for understanding Luther's theology in terms of experience, emotions, and reason.
Levothyroxine dose requirements for thyrotropin suppression in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer.

We have compared the dose of levothyroxine (L-T4) required to suppress serum TSH to given levels in two clinical groups: 1) 44 patients with thyroid cancer whose thyroid glands had been ablated by surgical thyroidectomy and 131I treatment, and 2) 113 patients with thyroidal failure due either to spontaneous primary hypothyroidism (31 patients) or after 131I treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism (82 patients). The dose of L-T4 needed to attain serum TSH levels in the euthyroid range (0.5-6.2 microU/mL) was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in patients with thyroid cancer (2.11 micrograms/kg.day) than in the patients with primary hypothyroidism associated with nonmalignant disease (1.63 micrograms/kg.day). Similarly, patients with thyroid cancer required a higher dose of L-T4 to suppress serum TSH to a given subnormal level. These findings suggest that the secretion of hormone from residual thyroid tissue in patients who have not been subjected to near-total thyroid ablation contributes substantially to the circulating levels of serum T4 and T3. We, therefore, infer that residual thyroidal secretion in the patients with hypothyroidism due to benign causes is relatively independent of TSH stimulation. Further subdivision of patients with benign hypothyroidism revealed that patients with Graves' who developed hypothyroidism after 131I treatment showed a lower mean dose requirement than patients with spontaneous hypothyroidism. This raises the possibility that continued secretion of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in such patients might account for the lower dose requirement in the combined group with hypothyroidism. Our studies also have allowed us to make serial observations in 4 patients with thyroid cancer who exhibited elevated levels of serum thyroglobulin. In this limited series, maximal suppression of serum thyroglobulin was produced by doses of L-T4, which reduced circulating TSH to 0.4 mU/L.
Does Ketamine-Mediated N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonism Cause Schizophrenia-like Oculomotor Abnormalities?

Evidence from histological and pharmacological challenge studies indicates that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction may play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Our goal was to characterize effects of NMDA hypofunction further, as related to schizophrenia-associated neuropsychological impairment. We administered progressively higher doses of ketamine (target plasma concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 ng/ml) to 10 psychiatrically healthy young men in a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled design and assessed oculomotor, cognitive, and symptomatic changes. Mean ketamine plasma concentrations approximated target plasma concentrations at each infusion step. Verbal recall, recognition memory, verbal fluency, pursuit tracking, visually guided saccades, and fixation all deteriorated significantly during ketamine infusion; lateral gaze nystagmus explained some, but not all, of the smooth pursuit abnormalities. We concluded that ketamine induces changes in recall and recognition memory and verbal fluency reminiscent of schizophreniform psychosis. During smooth pursuit eye tracking, ketamine induces nystagmus as well as abnormalities characteristic of schizophrenia. These findings help delineate the similarities and differences between schizophreniform and NMDA–blockade-induced cognitive and oculomotor abnormalities.
CLINICAL ROLE OF HPV TESTING

The subjectivity of morphologic methods contributes to a "swamping" of colposcopic services, excessive costs, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment. HPV DNA testing provides the objectivity required to clarify difficult patient management issues, including follow-up, for low-grade cytologic abnormalities (ASCUS and LSIL), noncorrelating (nonconfirmed) Pap smears, evaluation of nondiagnostic lower genital tract lesions, and cytology and histology laboratory quality assurance. Additionally, favorable preliminary data on HPV testing as a primary screen raise the exciting prospect of potentially lowering costs of cervical cancer-screening programs, while further decreasing the incidence of cervical cancer.
A Randomized Study of Scleroderma Health State Values: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words, and Quite a Few Utilities

Objective. Assigning utilities to hypothetical health states requires that the health states be described in adequate detail, but there is no agreement on exactly how health states should be described. We assess utilities from the general public for health states common in scleroderma (SSc) by describing the health states in writing alone v. with photographs of patients with SSc. Methods.Subjects rated several SSc health states on a 0 to 100 rating scale (RS) and completed computer-assisted time tradeoff (TTO; range, 0.0—1.0) and standard gamble (SG; range, 0.0—1.0) assessments. Half of the subjects were assigned to be shown photographs of patients with SSc health states in addition to written health state descriptions, whereas the other half were given only the written descriptions. Results.Of the 213 participants, 133 (62%) were female, 138 (65%) were Caucasian, and 62 (29%) were African American. Median RS, TTO, and SG scores for 5 SSc health states ranged from 20 to 70, 0.28 to 0.94, and 0.50 to 0.90,...
Joint programmes in paediatric cardiothoracic surgery: a survey and descriptive analysis.

Background Joint programmes, as opposed to regionalisation of paediatric cardiac care, may improve outcomes while preserving accessibility. We determined the prevalence and nature of joint programmes. Methods We sent an online survey to 125 paediatric cardiac surgeons in the United States in November, 2009 querying the past or present existence of a joint programme, its mission, structure, function, and perceived success. Results A total of 65 surgeon responses from 65 institutions met the criteria for inclusion. Of the 65 institutions, 22 currently or previously conducted a joint programme. Compared with primary institutions, partner institutions were less often children's hospitals (p = 0.0004), had fewer paediatric beds (p = 0.005), and performed fewer cardiac cases (p = 0.03). Approximately 47% of partner hospitals performed fewer than 50 cases per year. The median distance range between hospitals was 41-60 miles, ranging from 5 to 1000 miles. Approximately 54% of partner hospitals had no surgeon working primarily on-site, and 31% of the programmes conducted joint conferences. Approximately 67% of the programmes limited the complexity of cases at the partner hospital, and 83% of the programmes had formal contracts between hospitals. Of the six programmes whose main mission was to increase referrals to the primary hospital, three were felt to have failed. Of the nine programmes whose mission was to increase regional quality, eight were felt to be successful. Conclusion Joint programmes in paediatric cardiac surgery are common but are heterogeneous in structure and function. Programmes whose mission is to improve the quality of regional care seem more likely to succeed. Joint programmes may be a practical alternative to regionalisation to achieve better outcomes.
Myocardial infarction and risk of suicide: another reason to develop and test ways to reduce distress in postmyocardial-infarction patients?

Epidemiological research over the past two decades has shown that psychosocial distress, whether assessed by measures of depression,1,2 hostility,3,4 social isolation,5 lower socioeconomic status,5 or job stress,6 is associated with increased risk of developing coronary heart disease and poorer prognosis once clinical disease is present. (See also7,8) We now learn, based on the report by Larsen and colleagues9 appearing in this issue of Circulation , that patients with psychosocial distress are not only at increased risk of dying from cardiovascular-related causes following a myocardial infarction (MI), they also seem to be at higher risk of dying by their own hand. In a sophisticated population-based case-control study that takes advantage of the availability of 5 nationwide longitudinal data registers in Denmark, Larsen et al9 were able to identify 19 857 persons who died by suicide from 1981 to 2006 and 190 058 controls matched for sex, day of birth, and calendar time. Compared with those with no history of psychiatric illness and who had not had an MI, persons with a history of psychiatric illness were 64 times more likely to commit suicide during the month after an MI. Even those with no history of psychiatric illness were more than 3 times more likely to commit suicide during the month after their MI. The increased suicide risk continued over more than 5 years of follow-up, albeit at lower levels than the first month after the MI, was more pronounced in younger patients, and was similar in men and women. Article see p 2388 Confidence in the importance of these findings comes from similar results in a study of a 14-country sample of 37 915 persons that found a broad range of chronic …
Theoretical perspective to analyze organizational strategy for information and communications technology standards

Standardization of innovative technology can create great competitive advantage for organizations. In addition, the consequences of interactions between organizations as they implement their standards strategies can have tremendous socio-economic impact, especially with the current convergence in information and communications technology. The existing research on standards uses economic theories to explain how economic factors stimulate technology standardization and game theory to analyze how organizations collaborate on standardization, but these theories both overlook the issue of how organizations make decisions about their standards strategies and the results of their interactions with other actors. Thus, the research question presented in this paper is: how do organizations reach their strategies for standards during and after the standardization process? To answer this question, we need a holistic perspective to analyze the context of organizational standards strategy, including the situation of any given organization and how the organization interprets its situation to choose or develop a certain strategy. This research presents a framework based on combining two theories, ANT (actor network theory) and self-organized complexity.
Large‐eddy simulation of compressible flows using a spectral multidomain method

This paper discusses the development of a high-order, multidomain-based large-eddy simulation (LES) methodology for compressible flows. The LES model equations are approximated on unstructured grids of non-overlapping hexahedral sub-domains providing geometric flexibility. In each domain a high-order Chebyshev polynomial approximation represents the solution ensuring a highly accurate approximation with little numerical dispersion and diffusion. The sub-grid scale stress in the filtered LES equations is modeled with a dynamic eddy-viscosity model, while the heat flux is represented with an eddy diffusivity model, employing a turbulent Prandtl number. The model constants are evaluated through a flexible dynamic procedure that uses a high-order domain level filtering for the discrete test filter. The LES methodology is tested in a decaying isotropic turbulence and a channel flow. The LES method improves the resolution of the turbulence spectrum as compared with a direct numerical simulation (DNS) with the same method at the same grid resolution. The averaged and second-order statistics for LES computations are in close agreement with published results and resolved DNS. The high-order LES methodology requires fewer degrees of freedom as compared with lower-order LES methodologies to accurately resolve the turbulent flows. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occurrence of hop aphid phagostimulants in the honeydew of aphids

Several aphid honeydews were incorporated into sucrose solutions and presented to hop aphids, Phorodon humuli (Schrank), as artificial diets in free-choice bioassays. Small additions of honeydew collected from two species of aphid feeding on hop, Humulus lupulus L., arrested the searching behavior of the hop aphid and appeared to stimulate prolonged periods of ingestion. This effect was more dependent on the host plant honeydew source than the species of aphid that produced the honeydew. Aphid honeydews collected from plants other than hop (non-hosts to P. humuli) contained hop aphid phagostimulants that were less effective. Our results indicate that analysis of aphid honeydew could help describe chemical cues involved in the recognition of appropriate host plants by aphid species.
Self Assessment vs Other's Perception of One's Mental Health

Data was analyzed in the National Longitudinal Survey Study from 1997 specifically relating to questions regarding depression in youth. In the analysis it was found that how the respondent defined their own depression and poor mental health was different than the perceptions about their mental health from those that live with them in the same household; mostly parents. It was also questioned if gender made a difference regarding poor mental health, both self-assessed and by others in the household. In all cases, the respondents’ self perception of mental health was much worse than the perception of those who lived with them. The ramifications from this may mean that the respondent may not get the help they need to improve mental health because others in the household, especially parent figures, are unaware of the depth of the disability. This may also indicate that communication is lacking in this area because of the stigma attached to mental disabilities. It was also found that gender did make a difference in that females considered themselves more depressed than males. What was interesting was that others’ impression of the female respondents’ mental health was only slightly more positive than others’ impression of the males even though self-perception showed a more polarized result. This could be that depression in females is more prevalent than in males but males are more expressive and open about their disability. Regardless, it is essential that parents and guardians become educated in distinguishing differences between typical teenage anxiety and depression and communicating about this disorder and knowing what signs to look for. A part of this study also shows the impact that depression has on how much time youth spend at work in a year which collaborates with many previous studies.
Mental Health Courts and Title II of the ADA: Accessibility to State Court Systems for Individuals with Mental Disabilities and the Need for Diversion

Access to the judicial system, a fundamental right that has paramount importance in our society, can often present obstacles to people with disabilities in a variety of significant ways. Yet Title II mandates that state and local judicial facilities be accessible to individuals with disabilities. Recent shifts in paradigmatic approaches to special populations such as drug offenders and offenders with mental disabilities have lead to the creation of mental health courts specifically designed to address the needs of the persons with mental disabilities in order to avoid incarceration. Early outcomes in states like Ohio suggest mental health courts may better serve the purposes of Title II and, more importantly, the needs of individuals with serious mental disabilities. This paper gives a more detailed account of the background and history of the disability antidiscrimination legislation, takes a closer look at the Supreme Court's decision in Tennessee v. Lane, and discusses the historical context giving rise to the creation of mental health courts. Next, this paper explores the challenges and criticisms faced by these specialty courts, evaluates mental health courts under two integral concepts of Title II, accessibility and integration, and concludes that mental health courts may withstand scrutiny under Title II.
Lake County Catholic Youth Organization

In December 1972, the Lake County Director for the Catholic Church, Father Costello, is reviewing the structure and financial results for the county youth program. He is concerned that available resources are not being used efficiently in the county program. Although the youth organization is nonprofit and money and profits alone are not the primary concerns of the church, money is a practical necessity to provide the many services offered by the youth organization. Father Costello is particularly concerned with the financial results of the church's summer day camp, the largest single program provided in the church's county youth program. The camp is expected to make a profit to help finance its youth-program office expenses for the school year, when many other youth activities are provided.
Interaction parameters between carbon nanotubes and water in Dissipative Particle Dynamics

AbstractFlow of water past an array of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is simulated in this work to determine the interaction parameters of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and water using Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD). For this flow configuration, results from molecular dynamics simulations by Walther et al. are available and can be used for validation (Phys. Rev. E, 2004, 062201). The hydrodynamic properties for SWNT (32, 0) with diameter of 2.5 nm were determined in different Reynolds number flows. A set of appropriate DPD parameters was found so that the drag coefficients of the CNT agreed well with the Stokes–Oseen analytical solution and the fluid slip length on the CNT wall was comparable with the Walther et al. results. It was also found that it is feasible to apply these parameters in longer length and time scales by increasing the number of water molecules grouped into each DPD bead and still maintain the hydrodynamic properties of CNTs as well as their hydrophobic surface character.
Acquired Macrophage Resistance to in Vitro Infection with Leishmania

An important feature of pathogenesis in leishmaniasis is the ability of the intracellular amastigote to gain entry into host mononuclear phagocytes and subsequently replicate. Resident peritoneal macrophages freshly harvested from Leishmania tropica-infected C57B1/6 mice and uninfected controls were therefore compared for their ability to ingest L tropica amastigotes in vitro. Macrophages from infected mice had a strikingly reduced ability to ingest parasites, but they ingested latex beads and IgG-sensitized erythrocytes as well as or more than control macrophages. Preincubation of these macrophages for 24 hr restored the degree of parasite ingestion to control levels. This alteration in macrophage function could be observed as early as two weeks of infection and persisted until spontaneous resolution of the infection occurred at about six weeks. The observations suggest that acquired defense in leishmaniasis may include a specific inhibition of amastigote uptake by host macrophages.
Fly Now, Die Later: Life-History Correlates of Gliding and Flying in Mammals

A recent study of seasonal influences on energetics in the southern flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans (Stapp, 1992, Journal of Mammalogy, 73:914–920), compares metabolic and life-history variables in gliding and nongliding arboreal sciurids and interprets them largely in the context of thermoregulatory constraints. We consider an alternative explanation for the “ K -selected” traits of flying squirrels from evolutionary senescence theory and the comparative life-history literature. Comparative analyses reveal convincing evidence for the impact of mortality patterns on life histories of mammals and for gliding and flying as adaptations promoting the evolution of longevity.
Model-driven fault-tolerance provisioning for component-based distributed real-time embedded systems

Developing distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems require effective strategies to simultaneously handle the challenges of networked systems, enterprise systems, and embedded systems. Component-based model is gaining prominence for the development of DRE systems because of its emphasis on composability, reuse, excellent support for separation of concerns, and explicit staging of development phases. Despite the advances in component technology, developing highly available DRE systems remains challenging because of several reasons; First, availability concerns crosscut functional, deployment, and other QoS concerns of DRE systems, which makes reasoning about simultaneous QoS requirements extremely difficult. Second, fault-tolerance provisioning affects nearly all the phases of system lifecycle including specification, design, composition, deployment, configuration, and run-time. Codifying the availability requirements in system artifacts corresponding to the various lifecycle phases remains challenging due to lack of a coherent approach. Finally, multi-tier architecture and non-deterministic behavior of DRE systems combined with the need to meet end-to-end deadlines even during failures give rise to unique end-to-end reliability issues. General-purpose middleware infrastructures often do not support such highly domain-specific end-to-end reliability and failure recovery requirements. This dissertation presents a model-driven framework to coherently address the issues arising during the development of highly available component-based DRE systems. First, a domain-specific modeling language called Component QoS Modeling Language (CQML) is presented that separates systemic concerns, such as composition, deployment, and QoS to enhance comprehension and design-time reasoning. Second, a multi-stage model-driven process named GeneRative Aspects for Fault Tolerance (GRAFT) is presented that synthesizes various system artifacts to provision domain-specific end-to-end reliability and recovery semantics using model-to-model, model-to-text, model-to-code transformations. Finally, the orphan request problem arising due to the side-effects of replication in the context of non-deterministic stateful components is addressed. This dissertation presents Group-failover protocol that ensures that the data in multi-tier real-time systems is both consistent and timely even in the case of failures. Although model-driven engineering (MDE) is used extensively in this dissertation, effective techniques for a key step in MDE, model traversal, are still maturing. In the course of this research, limitations in the current model traversal approaches were addressed in Language for Embedded Query and Traversal (LEESA), which is presented here as a language-centric solution for writing succinct, generic, reusable model traversals.
Model for Electromagnetic Actuator With Significant Fringing Using Minimal Fitting Parameters

In a number of electromagnetic actuators, the stator and translator are structured to create highly nonlinear fringing flux to generate force that varies linearly with displacement. Reliable prediction of such force requires an accurate model for the fringing flux. Assuming that saturation is neglected and the fringings are elliptical, a reluctance model for fringing flux is derived that depends on displacement, material properties, and one tuning parameter describing the shape of the ellipse. Fringing-related reluctances are assembled with the reluctances of the regions with linear flux to predict magnetic field, energy, and force. Upon tuning, the force predicted by the model is within 10% of the simulated and measured forces.
A Theoretical Study of the Media Form of TV and Broadcasting

The problem of the media form is an ontic problem in the study of TV and broadcasting.Starting from the aspects of the constitution of the form, the state of dissemination and the developmental endency, the present paper stud-ies the media form of TV and broadcasting on the purpose of putting forth new programs.
Research on New Energy Saving Environmental Protection Functional Construction Material

In this paper,the present status of economy energy technology and methods to improve the IAQ were firstly introduced.Secondly,the nanometer and microencapsulate phase change functional construction materials were self-maded,the removable closed small room of experiment was designed and constructed,and the experiment to antibacterial and remove the indoor VOC,also included the thermal storage etc.were carried out.At last,the experiment results were analyzed,and the extensively applies of this material was prospected.
Iron Ore Pellet Drying and Oxidation Models of Grate-Kiln Process

The two-stage drying and shrinking core model were used to build a kinetic drying model on the basis of research of heat and mass transfer phenomenon. The heat and mass changes together with hot wind direction changing were also considered in this model. Furthermore,the key parameters were recognized with field data,and the simulation curves showed that the models well described the processes of moisture evaporation,dry pellets oxidation and heat exchange of outer air. Based on the kinetic models,hardness models for dry and preheated pellets were also proposed. The comparison results showed that the model was efficient and the realistic drying and oxidation process was well reflected. It also provided a foundation of accurate control and optimization for iron ore pellet drying and oxidation process which has practical significance.
Defective bactericidal activity of monocytes in fatal granulomatous disease.

The bactericidal activity of monocyte-rich cell suspensions obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with fatal granulomatous disease (FGD), their mothers and normal controls was studied. Defective killing of Staphylococcus aureus, Strain 502A, by monocyte-rich cell suspensions from children with FGD was found when compared with monocyte-rich suspensions from normal controls. This defect, less severe, was also observed in the mothers of affected patients. In this selected population of mothers, the monocyte defect varied in parallel with the previously described neutrophil defect.
Two-Stepping Around a Minor’s Constitutional Right to Abortion

A woman’s constitutional right to abortion was first generally established in the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade, and a female minor has the same right to abortion. In the majority of states, however, pregnant young women are required to either notify their parents or to get their parents’ consent before obtaining a safe, legal abortion. These parental involvement laws do not infringe on a minor’s constitutional right to abortion if a proper “judicial bypass” proceeding is available. But in Texas, the recently amended judicial bypass law imposes additional extensive — possibly unconstitutional — restrictions on a pregnant minor who seeks a judicial bypass. In step one, the Texas Legislature amended the judicial bypass statutes, effective January 2016, that add onerous obstacles to a minor’s constitutional right to abortion and compromise the minor’s anonymity during the judicial bypass proceeding. In step two, the Supreme Court of Texas issued judicial bypass rules that establish a timing barrier to a pregnant minor accessing an abortion, because now a minor’s application is automatically denied when a judge fails to hold a hearing or refuses to rule on a minor’s application within the five-day, statutory deadline. The result is that Texas is “two-stepping” around a minor’s constitutional right to abortion in that the amended judicial bypass law likely fails to meet the requirements of expediency and anonymity as set forth in U.S. Supreme Court precedent. This Article addresses the judicial bypass procedure and explores the potential constitutional violations of the Texas judicial bypass law. It also provides general recommendations for all states to consider when reexamining their judicial bypass laws, as they should not take Texas’s lead by two-stepping around a minor’s constitutional right to abortion.
Understanding Salesperson Turnover: A Partial Evaluation of Mobley's Turnover Process Model

AbstractThis study contributed to recent efforts aimed at understanding the turnover behavior of salespeople (Jolson, Dubinsky, and Anderson 1987; Johnston, Varadarajan, Futrell, and Sager 1987; Williamson 1983) by testing relationships drawn from a general model of employee turnover proposed by Mobley (1977). The data used to test the model were gathered from detail salespeople.Findings suggest that dissatisfaction with work and promotion aspects of the job as well as thinking of quitting and intention to quit are stages in the turnover process of the salespeople studied. Conversely, variables representing attitude towards searching for another job, attitude towards quitting and comparison of a perceived alternative job with the present job did not contribute significantly to explaining turnover for the salespeople studied. Implications of the study results for the practicing sales manager are outlined along with areas for future research.
P163 HLA typing for a rare case with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections

Aim A newly defined rare clinical syndrome of disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases in patients with or without other opportunistic infections is seen expandable cases. These patients have been recognized in association with interferon-gamma auto-antibodies patients and as Asian descent. It is not known the pathophysiology of anti-interferon-gamma in the disease. However, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)- DRB1 ∗ 15:01, DRB1 ∗ 16:02, DQB1 ∗ 05:01 and DQB1 ∗ 05:02 are associated with the syndrome in a small cohort study. Here we report a case with 16-year spanning history of disseminated Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) infections involved lungs, bones, spines and lymph nodes. HLA typing was performed in assisting her diagnosis. Methods A 73 year old Asian woman was diagnosed in 2000 MAI infection with positive sputum and lung biopsy culture of MIA in an outside hospital. She was treated with antimycobacterial therapy and was back to normal chest X ray. In 2002, she had a persistently elevated WBC and was suspected to have a hematological malignancy because of lymphadenopathy. In 2006, she developed her bone lesions and MIA culture positive in her spine L4 biopsy. She continued antimycobacterial therapy until 2008 due to the drug toxicities. The she had an L3 compression fracture in 2011 and multiple hepatic masses in 2014 and continued these lesions in 2015 and 2016. HLA typing was performed by LabType (One Lambda). Patient interferon-gamma autoantibody were sent to NIH (Result is still pending). Results Patient HLA typing was HLA-A ∗ 11, 26; B ∗ 13, ∗ 40 (60); C ∗ 03 (10), 07; DRB1 ∗ 04:06/xx, 16:02/xx; DQB1 ∗ 05:02/xx, 03:02/xx; DQA1 ∗ 01, 03; DPB1 ∗ 05:01, DPA1 ∗ 02:02. This patient is positive for DRB1 ∗ 16:02-DQB1 ∗ 05:02 haplotype. Conclusions The patient’s history and cumulative data are consistent with the phenomenon of adult-onset immunodeficiency that has been mostly reported for Asian patients who have neutralizing anti-interferon gamma autoantibodies. Her HLA typing revealed that HLA-DRB1 ∗ 16:02, HLA-DQB1 ∗ 05:02 that fits with a increased risk HLA haplotype. As the increase cases of NTM globally, it is beneficial to have knowledge of HLA association with this disease in HLA laboratories.
Points of memory in the narrative of a "Mnemonic Warrior": gender, displacement, and the anti-Soviet war of resistance in Lithuania

ABSTRACTDrawing on feminist theories on memory and memory work, this article analyzes the biographical narrative of Aldona Vilutienė (nee Sabaitytė), a former partisan messenger and deportee, who created the first museum commemorating the anti-Soviet resistance and the deportations carried out under Stalin in post-Soviet Lithuania. The analysis is focused on points of memory, a theoretical concept developed by Marianne Hirsch who defined them as ‘points of intersection between past and present, memory and post-memory, personal remembrance and cultural recall.’ This approach helps us to better understand the complex processes of memory production and reconstruct the lived experiences associated with remembering war and displacement. In addition, it challenges the portrayal of partisan war and deportations as monumental national traumas.
Empiricism and Conceptual Psychology: Psychophysics and Philology

Within fifty years of the time that Kant and Herbart opened the way to a conceptual psychology dealing with the workings of the mind, its historicity, and its contents, several attempts were made to incorporate these advances into the foundations of humanistic disciplines.
Xenophon on the Psychology of Supreme Political Ambition

This study illuminates Xenophon's teaching about the underlying psychological motives of the most fully developed political ambition. An analysis of what the Cyropaedia portrays as the interplay among Cyrus's spiritedness, justice, benevolence, piety, and cultivation of an aura of divinity leads to an unveiling of supreme ambition's deepest root: not the desire for power as such, nor the love of justice, but the desire to be a quasi-divine benefactor. The article traces the development of this ambition from its earliest manifestations in the young Cyrus's puppylike spiritedness, through his hope-filled rise to power, to his grim mature rein and his death, showing how a shadowy concern for immortality drives him in ways he is reluctant to see or acknowledge.