cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanical response of zirconium-II. Experimental and finite element analysis of bent beams

Abstract In a companion paper [Acta mater. 2001, 49(15), 3085–3096] we develop a polycrystal constitutive law that incorporates the deformation mechanisms operating in high purity zirconium (Zr) at liquid nitrogen (LN) and room temperature (RT). In this paper we present results of 4-point bending tests performed on beams of highly textured zirconium. These tests have been performed at LN and RT, in two orthogonal bending planes, and up to a strain of approximately 20% in the outermost fibers of the beams. A novel experimental technique, dot-matrix deposition and mapping (DMDM), has been developed and employed to analyze the distribution of local plastic strain and macroscopic deformation in the deformed beams. Automated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) pattern analysis has been used to evaluate the textures just below the outermost tensile and compressive surfaces and at the neutral plane. Experimental results compare very well with the predictions of finite element (FE) simulations obtained using the constitutive law developed in Part I. Specifically, we compare local deformation, macroscopic deformation and local texture in the beam. We show that the contribution of twinning to deformation results in different qualitative responses in the compressive and tensile fibers of the bent beam. Our results indicate the necessity of using a constitutive description that accounts for the anisotropy of the aggregate and for its evolution with deformation.
Effect of surgical deafferentation of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus on urinary vasopressin levels in twenty-month-old rats

Indices of water balance (daily water consumption, urine volume, and urine osmolality), and vasopressin (VP) urinary excretion were measured in 3-month-old (m.o.) and 20 m.o. F344 rats after neurosurgical lesion of noradrenergic afferents to the supraoptic nucleus (SON) in the medial forebrain bundle (mfb), in order to assess whether morphological denervation (21) was functionally effective. Lesion of the mfb was accomplished using a mechanical knife cut placed stereotaxically medial and caudal to SON. The experiment was performed three times. Morphological evaluation consistently indicated a marked depletion of noradrenergic afferents in SON after lesion placement. The effect of the lesion on daily excreted VP was assessed by paired t-test, using means of equal numbers of urinary VP measurements representing 13–15 days each pre- and postsurgically for each animal. The postsurgical interval for assessing the functional effect of the lesion was chosen based upon morphological evidence for mfb regeneration at 14 days (21). Three m.o. rats showed comparable urinary VP levels before (mean = 328.4 ± 97.3 pg/24 hr/100 g b.wt., for 10 rats for 2 weeks) and after (354.7 ± 63.0 pg/24 hr/100 g b.wt.) lesion placement. In 20 m.o. rats, overall mean postsurgical VP excretion was 199.4 ± 44.8 pg for 15 rats for 2 weeks, compared with a presurgical mean of 343.2 ± 86.2 pg/24 hr/100 g b.wt. Mean urine VP was lower in 20 m.o. rats in each of three experiments; VP levels after lesion in 3 m.o. rats was lower in 2, but higher in one experiment; mean differences were not statistically significant for treatment (lesion) effect. Interaction of age and lesion was significant, F(1,12)=5.866, p < 0.01, for one experiment, and approached significance, F(1,23)=1.897, p < 0.182, for combined experiments, despite large interexperiment variance. Using paired t-test for individual rats (thus, eliminating individual variance, but weighting magnitude of change) in each age group for three experiments, there was no effect of the lesion in young rats, but a marked VP decrease (p < 0.001) occurred in 20 m.o. animals. Ranked comparison (Mann-Whitney U-test) of 3 m.o. and 20 m.o. postsurgical VP showed a significant (p < 0.05) difference in response to SON deafferentation. Urine volume after lesioning increased (p < 0.01 by paired t-test) in both groups; decreased urine osmolality (p < 0.01) persisted for 2 weeks postsurgically in 20 m.o., but not in young, rats. In 3 m.o. rats, evidence for compensatory VP secretion by the paraventricular nucleus was indicated by VP immunostaining in brain sections. The results suggest that removal of noradrenergic influence on SON neurons is detrimental to VP secretion. Young animals may be able to compensate physiologically for this loss, but the deficit was not corrected in 20 m.o. animals.
Short SiGe HBT electro-absorption modulator

A SiGe HBT electro-absorption modulator with a device length of 69 µm is proposed. Calculations show that the modulator works at a speed of 25 GHz and can achieve a 10 dB extinction ratio.
Modeling of Look-Locker estimates of the magnetic resonance imaging estimate of longitudinal relaxation rate in tissue after contrast administration.

This paper models the behavior of the longitudinal relaxation rate of the protons of tissue water R1 (R1 = 1/T1), measured in a Look-Locker experiment at 7 Tesla after administration of a paramagnetic contrast agent (CA). It solves the Bloch-McConnell equations for the longitudinal magnetization of the protons of water in a three-site two-exchange (3S2X) model with boundary conditions appropriate to repeated sampling of magnetization. The extent to which equilibrium intercompartmental water exchange kinetics affect monoexponential estimates of R1 after administration of a CA in dynamic contrast enhanced experiment is described. The relation between R1 and tissue CA concentration was calculated for CA restricted to the intravascular, or to the intravascular and extracellular compartments, by varying model parameters to mimic experimental data acquired in a rat model of cerebral tumor. The model described a nearly linear relationship between R1 and tissue concentration of CA, but demonstrated that the apparent longitudinal relaxivity of CA depends upon tissue type. The practical consequence of this finding is that the extended Patlak plot linearizes the ΔR1 data in tissue with leaky microvessels, accurately determines the influx rate of the CA across these microvessels, but underestimates the volume of intravascular blood water. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence and incidence of high risk for obstructive sleep apnea in World Trade Center-exposed rescue/recovery workers

Purpose World Trade Center (WTC)-exposed rescue/recovery workers continue to have high rates of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), chronic rhinosinusitis, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This study examines the relationship between these WTC-related conditions and being at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Prostacyclin inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine release but stimulates thromboxane synthesis during cardiopulmonary bypass.

The antiaggregating agent prostacyclin (PGI2) was infused into ten dogs during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to minimize thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction. The animals were anesthetized, placed on mechanical ventilation and underwent thoracotomy. After heparinization with 300 u/kg, animals were assigned to control (n=5) or PGI2 treated groups (n=5). Thoracotomy and then CPB decreased platelet numbers to below 30, 000/mm3 (p < 0.05) and fibrinogen to less than 150 mg/dl (p < 0.05). PGI2 at 100 ng/kg·min was infused for the 2 h period of CPB. PGI2 infusion did not prevent these changes, but did prevent platelet serotonin release. In the control group after CPB, platelet serotonin fell from the baseline value of 1.11 μg/109 to 0.35 μg/109 platelets (p < 0.05). In contrast, PGI2 treatment resulted in a serotonin increase to 2.27 μg/109 platelets (p < 0.05). Thromboxane B2 concentrations of platelets and plasma rose during CPB (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, PGI2 infusion accentuated this rise in platelet and plasma thromboxane B2 (p < 0.05). These data indicate that during CPB, an infusion of PGI2: 1) does not prevent thrombocytopenia; 2) increases platelet serotonin uptake despite, 3) an associated rise in platelet and plasma thromboxane B2.
Effects of boron on water dissociation and surface diffusivity of hydrogen on Ni3(Al,Ti)(110) single crystal surfaces

Abstract The interaction between water vapor (D2O) and boron-modified Ni3(Al,Ti)(110) was investigated using temperature-programmed desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Boron dosing was performed using a solid-state boron ion source. Results showed that boron reacts with water to form hydroxyls at temperatures as low as 130 K. D2 desorption occurs at ∼950 K from boron-modified Ni3(Al,Ti)(110), indicating strong B–D bonding. Surface diffusion coefficients of atomic D, obtained from dissociation of water, on clean and boron-modified Ni3(Al,Ti)(110) surfaces were measured at 270 K with electron-stimulated desorption. The surface diffusion coefficient of atomic D on 0.05 monolayer boron-modified surface is about 10 times smaller than that on the boron-free surface. This slower diffusion of atomic hydrogen may explain why boron improves the ductility of polycrystalline Ni3Al in moist environments.
Changing material properties of the tree shrew sclera during minus lens compensation and recovery.

PURPOSE To estimate two collagen-specific material properties (crimp angle and elastic modulus of collagen fibrils) of the remodeling tree shrew sclera during monocular -5 diopter (D) lens wear and recovery. METHODS Tensile tests were performed on scleral strips obtained from juvenile tree shrews exposed to three different visual conditions: normal, monocular -5 D lens wear to induce myopia, and recovery. Collagen fibrils are crimped in the unloaded sclera and uncrimp as the tissue stiffens under load. Inverse numerical analyses were performed to estimate the (unloaded) crimp angle and elastic modulus of collagen fibrils using a microstructure-based constitutive model. RESULTS Compared with the control eye, the crimp angle was significantly higher in the treated eye after 2 days and remained significantly higher until 21 days of lens wear (P < 0.05). The difference between the crimp angle of the treated and control eye rapidly vanished during recovery in concert with the changes in axial elongation rate. A rapid and extensive increase in the elastic modulus was seen in both eyes after starting and stopping the lens wear. CONCLUSIONS The estimated change in the crimp of scleral collagen fibrils is temporally associated with the change in axial elongation rate during myopia development and recovery. This finding suggests that axial elongation may be controlled by a remodeling mechanism that modulates the collagen fibril crimp. The observed binocular changes in scleral stiffness are not temporally associated with the axial elongation rate, indicating that scleral stiffening may not be causally related to myopia.
Experiments examining drag in linear droplet packets

This paper presents an experimental study of vertically traveling droplet packets, where the droplets in each packet are aligned linearly, one behind another. The paper describes in detail, an experimental apparatus that produces repeatable, linearly aligned, and isolated droplet packets containing 1–6 droplets per packet. The apparatus is suitable for examining aerodynamic interactions between droplets within each packet. This paper demonstrates the performance of the apparatus by examining the drag reduction and collision of droplets traveling in the wake of a lead droplet. Comparison of a calculated single droplet trajectory with the detailed droplet position versus time data for a droplet packet provides the average drag reduction experienced by the trailing droplets due to the aerodynamic wake of the lead droplet. For the conditions of our experiment (4 droplet packet, 145 μm methanol droplets, 10 m/s initial velocity, initial droplet spacing of 5.2 droplet diameters, Reynolds number approx. 80) the average drag on the first trailing droplet was found to be 75% of the drag on the lead droplet.
Regulation of aldosterone in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).

ABSTRACT The effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and water retention on plasma renin (PRA) and aldosterone was studied in 4 cases of SIADH with serum sodium concentration less than 120 mEq/l and in 3 normal subjects given ADH and water. Plasma aldosterone was measured by a double isotope method and by radioimmunoassay and PRA by Boucher type bioassay. In patients with SIADH on 100 mEq Na+ diet, supine aldosterone was 2–7 ng/100 ml (normal 5.2 ± 1.8) (sd) and increased normally by 4–6-fold on standing without change in serum electrolytes or cortisol. There was a normal increase in aldosterone following pressor doses of angiotensin, ACTH, and spironolactone. On a 10 mEq Na+ diet, there was a 10-fold increase in aldosterone, without change in cortisol or potassium. In normal subjects given ADH and water, supine aldosterone was normal (4–6 ng/100 ml), increased with standing 4-fold when serum Na+ was <128 mEq/l and increased normally following angiotensin infusion. Supine PRA was low or undetectable in both ...
Invading Wave of Cooperation in a Spatial Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma

Explaining the emergence of cooperative behaviours in a selfish world remains a major challenge for sociobiology. The iterated prisoner's dilemma offers a well-studied metaphor with which to explore theoretically the evolution of cooperation by reciprocation. Our current understanding is that 'tit-for-tat' should be the very first step (if not the aim) of evolution towards cooperation, but that mobility of the players in space seems to raise a devastating obstacle to the spread of tit-for-tat, by allowing egoists to exploit cooperation and escape retaliation. The second point is based on models that represent mobility only implicitly (in terms of travelling costs) and assume random interactions. Here we develop a more explicit theory of spatial iterated games: individual mobility is represented in terms of a diffusion process and interactions--defined locally--are inherently non-random. Our model reveals the existence of critical levels of individual mobility allowing for the evolution of cooperation. In fact, tit-for-tat can spread and take over among mobile players even when originating from extreme rarity. The dynamics of invasion of tit-for-tat develop as a travelling wave which propagates the cooperative strategy through space. Significant mobility is required to make the pioneering moves of cooperators towards the front of invasion less hazardous; it also contributes to neutralizing those defectors who may intrude the core of a cluster of cooperative players.
'God Deliver Me from my Friends!' Charlotte Brontë and G. H. Lewes

AbstractCharlotte Bronte wrote nine letters to George Henry Lewes, prominent man of letters and future companion of George Eliot. Though none of his letters to her survive, he demonstrably provoked in her a lively defence of her creative method. Her responses to his comments on her work and to his principles of literary realism provide a particularly revealing insight into her own critical principles as well as her sense of herself as an artist.
The demand for imports and exports in the U.S.: A survey

One of the more important issues in applied international economics is the extent to which trade flows adjust to changes in income, relative prices, and exchange rates. In this paper, the literature on the empirical estimation of the demand for imports and exports for the U.S. is surveyed. More precisely, this paper updates earlier surveys by Stern, Francis, and Schumacher (1976) and Goldstein and Khan (1985).
Determination of the density of states of a-Si:H using the field effect

Abstract We have devised a new iterative computer method for obtaining N(E), the density of gap states, from field effect data without using simplifying approximations. Our analysis shows that equally good fits to the data can be obtained over a range of values of the ratio of electron and hole contributions to the conductivity in the bulk and of the field voltage needed to obtain flat bands. We find that the present experimental accuracy is not sufficient to discern detailed structure in N(E). the validity of assuming a parallel shift of the mobility edge with the potential near the interface is being questioned. Field effect data on undoped glow-discharge a-Si:H subjected to the Staebler-Wronski cycle of illumination and heat treatment are presented and analyzed. We find N(E F ) ∼ 10 17 e V −1 cm −3 and lower N(E) below the gap center.
Functional Properties of the Copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B (The Wilson's Disease Protein) Expressed in Insect Cells

Abstract Copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B is essential for normal distribution of copper in human cells. Mutations in theATP7B gene lead to copper accumulation in a number of tissues and to a severe multisystem disorder, known as Wilson's disease. Primary sequence analysis suggests that the copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B or the Wilson's disease protein (WNDP) belongs to the large family of cation-transporting P-type ATPases, however, the detailed characterization of its enzymatic properties has been lacking. Here, we developed a baculovirus-mediated expression system for WNDP, which permits direct and quantitative analysis of catalytic properties of this protein. Using this system, we provide experimental evidence that WNDP has functional properties characteristic of a P-type ATPase. It forms a phosphorylated intermediate, which is sensitive to hydroxylamine, basic pH, and treatments with ATP or ADP. ATP stimulates phosphorylation with an apparent K m of 0.95 ± 0.25 μm; ADP promotes dephosphorylation with an apparent K mof 3.2 ± 0.7 μm. Replacement of Asp1027with Ala in a conserved sequence motif DKTG abolishes phosphorylation in agreement with the proposed role of this residue as an acceptor of phosphate during the catalytic cycle. Catalytic phosphorylation of WNDP is inhibited by the copper chelator bathocuproine; copper reactivates the bathocuproine-treated WNDP in a specific and cooperative fashion confirming that copper is required for formation of the acylphosphate intermediate. These studies establish the key catalytic properties of the ATP7B copper-transporting ATPase and provide a foundation for quantitative analysis of its function in normal and diseased cells.
Reasons for not drinking and perceived injunctive norms as predictors of alcohol abstinence among college students.

Few studies have examined the association between reasons for not drinking and social norms among abstinent college students. Research suggests that drinking motives are associated with perceived injunctive norms and drinking. Therefore, it seems likely that reasons for not drinking may also be associated with perceived injunctive norms and abstinence. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between reasons for not drinking and perceived injunctive norms on alcohol abstinence. Participants were 423 light-drinking and abstinent college students from a public northwestern university who completed online surveys at baseline, 3-, and 6-month follow-up. We examined abstinence as a function of all subscales of the Reasons for Not Drinking scale using logistic regression, as well as conducted two mediational analyses indicating: 1) perceived injunctive norms as a mediator of the relationship between reasons for not drinking and abstinence, and 2) reasons for not drinking as a mediator of the relationship between perceived injunctive norms and abstinence. The Disapproval/Lack of Interest subscale was the only subscale of the Reasons for Not Drinking scale that was significantly associated with 6-month abstinence. Further, Disapproval/Lack of Interest both directly predicted abstinence and indirectly predicted abstinence via perceived injunctive norms. Perceived injunctive norms indirectly predicted abstinence via Disapproval/Lack of Interest, but did not directly predict abstinence. Results suggest that self-defining personal values are an important component of keeping abstaining college students abstinent. These results are discussed with regard to implications for interventions designed specifically for maintaining abstinence throughout college.
Laboratory Determination of Oreganophosphorous Insecticide Resistance in Three Species of Tetranychus on Cotton

Two species of spider mites, Tetranychus athanticus McG. and T. pacificus McG., suspected of resistance to treatment with oreganophosphorous compounds were collected from field cotton and reared in the laboratory. Subsequent laboratory evaluation indicated that both species were resistant to parathion and somewhat less resistant to Trithion. Neither species showed marked resistance to Kelthane or Aramite. A third species, T. cinnaburinus (Boisduval), in preliminary laboratory tests also showed resistance to parathion.
A broad range absolute pressure microsensor

A microminiature absolute pressure sensor for gaseous media based on thermal effects and with feature size of 10 mu m wide and 90 mu m long was fabricated in silicon using anisotropic etching techniques. Operation was demonstrated using dry air over a pressure range of 0.015 to 150 psia. The power function output curve represents the change in power required to keep the thermally isolated microstructure at constant temperature. The device is most useful for applications demanding low cost but not requiring high precision. >
An optimal overlay topology for routing peer-to-peer searches

Unstructured peer-to-peer networks are frequently used as the overlay in various middleware toolkits for emerging applications, from content discovery to query result caching to distributed collaboration. Often it is assumed that unstructured networks will form a power-law topology; however, a power-law structure is not the best topology for an unstructured network. In this paper, we introduce the square-root topology, and show that this topology significantly improves routing performance compared to power-law networks. In the square-root topology, the degree of a peer is proportional to the square root of the popularity of the content at the peer. Our analysis shows that this topology is optimal for random walk searches. We also present simulation results to demonstrate that the square-root topology is better, by up to a factor of two, than a power-law topology for other types of search techniques besides random walks. We then describe a decentralized algorithm for forming a square-root topology, and evaluate its effectiveness in constructing efficient networks using both simulations and experiments with our implemented prototype. Our results show that the square-root topology can provide a significant performance improvement over power-law topologies and other topology types.
Measuring student growth and development: A longitudinal study of preferred learning styles and environment

The author has been collecting data on students in three technical programs: the University of Salford, Manchester, England, mechanical engineering students at Binghamton University, and chemical engineering students at North Carolina State University. In the present work, he presents follow up data on the students at Salford University and Binghamton University, along with an assessment of the performance of the Technical Student Learning Environment Preferences (TSLEP). The phenomena of "Toppers", students with high grade points and low TSLEP score is examined, along with gender differences identified through the TSLEP. It is noted that the current studies raise more questions than they answer. The existence of the Toppers, the low effect of gender, and the influence of prior educational history are of importance to the conclusions drawn from the TSLEP. Additional tests are needed to resolve these issues. >
Experimental animal model of hematogenous cardiac metastasis and neoplastic cardiac tamponade.

Background There have been no animal models reported that are suitable for studying cardiac metastasis. We describe a unique animal model that efficiently generates cardiac tumor colonies and neoplastic cardiac tamponade with very high incidence. Methods HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells were injected intravenously into 11-day-old chick embryos. Tumor colonization was evaluated morphologically 10 days after injection. Results HT1080 cells formed massive cardiac tumor colonies with 100% (50/50) incidence; 10–20 visible surface colonies per heart, 1–3 mm in diameter. Most (>90%) of the cardiac tumor colonies were accompanied with clear, colorless pericardial effusion forming cardiac tamponade. Histological observation revealed that some tumor colonies grew within the lumen of the blood vessels in the myocardium as well as around the blood vessels. Conclusion The experimental metastasis model consisting of HT1080 cells and chick embryos would be useful for studying pathophysiology of cardiac metastasis and neoplastic tamponade. J. Surg. Oncol. 64:122–126 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of oxygen on the crosslinking and mechanical properties of a thermoset formed by free-radical photocuring

In this article, we report on the formation of optically transparent photopolymer films from hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) by inkjet printing, where droplets of monomer approximately 5 μm in diameter were deposited onto a surface. The films were cured by irradiation with a UV-light-emitting-diode light source. It was found that the inkjet-printed HDDA films picked up a considerable amount of absorbed O2 during printing. Exposure to increasing amounts of O2 during photocuring severely restricted both the degree of conversion and the UV dose required for gelation in proportion to the O2 concentration. Viscoelastic property data indicated that exposure to reduced oxygen concentrations during thermal postcuring (dark reaction) resulted in linear trends of increasing modulus above the glass-transition temperature (Tg) and increasing Tg itself. Thus, the final crosslink density was greater in fully cured samples that were exposed to atmospheres with increasing inert gas concentrations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Nutritional tips for managing electrolyte imbalances in post-renal transplant patients.

MOST PATIENTS LOOK forward to the nutrition and dietary freedoms after kidney transplant; however, electrolyte imbalances can still be of concern. Delayed graft function and side effects of immunosuppressive medications can typically lead to hyperkalemia and require a potassium restriction. Another common characteristic in post-renal transplant patients is persistent hypophosphatemia. One factor that can contribute to hypophosphatemia is persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism. Another factor identified by several studies is the phosphotonin fibroblast growth factor-23 as a key cause of hypophosphatemia after transplantation. In addition, glucocorticoidinduced gluconeogenesis in the renal proximal tubule contributes to phosphaturia. In some cases, increased intake of high-phosphorus foods may not be sufficient for repletion, and oral replacement may be needed. Educating patients on optimizing nutrition after kidney transplant is individualized. Laboratories must be monitored frequently, and nutrition recommendations can be made accordingly. Unfor-
Sliding window order-recursive least-squares algorithms

Order-recursive least-squares (ORLS) algorithms employing a sliding window (SW) are presented. The authors demonstrate that standard architectures that are well known for growing memory ORLS estimation, e.g., triangular array, lattice, and multichannel lattice, also apply to sliding window ORLS estimation. A specific SW-ORLS algorithm is the combination of two independent attributes: its global architecture and its local cell implementation. Various forms of local cell implementation based on efficient time-recursions of time-varying coefficients are discussed. In particular, the authors show that time and order updates of any order-recursive sliding window least-squares algorithm can be realized solely in terms of 3/spl times/3 hyperbolic Householder transformations (HHT). Finally, the authors present two HHT-based algorithms: the HHT triangular array algorithm and the HHT lattice algorithm. >
Polarized Dendritic Transport and the AP-1 μ1 Clathrin Adaptor UNC-101 Localize Odorant Receptors to Olfactory Cilia

Odorant receptors and signaling proteins are localized to sensory cilia on olfactory dendrites. Using a GFP-tagged odorant receptor protein, Caenorhabditis elegans ODR-10, we characterized protein sorting and transport in olfactory neurons in vivo. ODR-10 is transported in rapidly moving dendritic vesicles that shuttle between the cell body and the cilia. Anterograde and retrograde vesicles move at different speeds, suggesting that dendrites have polarized transport mechanisms. Residues immediately after the seventh membrane-spanning domain of ODR-10 are required for localization; these residues are conserved in many G protein-coupled receptors. UNC-101 encodes a mu1 subunit of the AP-1 clathrin adaptor complex. In unc-101 mutants, dendritic vesicles are absent, ODR-10 receptor is evenly distributed over the plasma membrane, and other cilia membrane proteins are also mislocalized, implicating AP-1 in protein sorting to olfactory cilia.
Effect of pentoxifylline in reducing oxidative stress-induced embryotoxicity.

Purpose: To 1) evaluate the embryotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide on mouse embryo development and 2) examine if pentoxifylline can reverse hydrogen peroxide induced embryotoxicity. Methods: Prospective in vitro study examining the effects of varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and pentoxifylline on the blastocyst development rate alone as well as in combination. Results: A dose-dependent decrease in % BDR was seen with increasing concentrations of H2O2. High concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (> 60 μM) were embryotoxic. Pentoxifylline (500 μM) was able to reduce the embryotoxic effect of hydrogen peroxide. Percent blastocyst development rate increased from 44% in hydrogen peroxide alone to 85% in hydrogen peroxide and pentoxifylline coincubation. Conclusions: Pentoxifylline may be beneficial in reducing hydrogen peroxide induced embryo damage and improve IVF outcome. Patients with endometriosis-associated infertility may benefit from the use of pentoxifylline without significantly affecting embryo development.
Publication Benchmarking Data Based on Faculty Promoted at the Top 75 US Accounting Research Institutions

The primary purpose of this study is to update the Glover et al. (2006) publication benchmarking study by providing benchmarking statistics of faculty promoted to associate and/or full professor from 2004 to 2009. We also extend Glover et al. (2006) by examining new benchmarking metrics and by investigating publication productivity differences between studies. Our results indicate that, on average, faculty promoted from 2004 to 2009 had more publications in leading accounting journals at the time of promotion than faculty promoted from 1995 to 2003. We explore possible explanations for the increase in publication productivity. We find that increases in the time to promotion, number of total published journal articles, and the number of co-authors can explain some, but not all of the observed increase in publication productivity. Finally, we find that publication records at the time of promotion are similar between public and private institutions within similar university publication productivity portfolios.
cDNA Sequences of Three Kinds of β-tubulins from Rice

Complete nucleotide sequences of three kinds of rice beta-tubulin cDNA clones (pTUB22, R1623 and R2242) were determined. Southern hybridization indicated that these beta-tubulins consist of one gene family. Using RFLP mapping, these three beta-tubulin cDNAs were mapped to different chromosomes indicating at least three loci for the beta-tubulin gene. The deduced amino acid sequences of these cDNAs showed a high similarity to other plant beta-tubulins. The asparagine residue located at the 100th amino acid from the N-terminus of plant beta-tubulins was also conserved with these three beta-tubulins. This asparagine is thought to be responsible for the sensitivity against rhizoxin, the toxin of the pathogen of rice seedling blight, Rhizopus sp. a soil-borne microorganism. Expression of the three beta-tubulin genes was analyzed by Northern blotting and all three clones were expressed in root, the possible target tissue of rhizoxin. These results suggest that these clones are candidates of beta-tubulins targeted by rhizoxin.
Through the Clinician's Lens: Objective and Subjective Views of Disability

In this study, we used recovery preference exploration (RPE) to explore how clinicians practicing in an inpatient medical rehabilitation facility assign meaning to alternative paths of recovery from profound disability. Through the RPE procedure, 33 clinicians ranked preference for recovery from 18 imagined activity limitations and provided narrative explanations for their choices. We used mixed methods, including grounded theory, to identify themes that expressed their recovery choices. Sixteen themes emerged that were classified into separate but linked procedural and conditional reasoning taxonomies. These theme taxonomies represented logical scientific inquiries vs. more phenomenological inquiries into lifeworld meanings, respectively. Just over two thirds (66.8%) of all quotes specified themes from the conditional reasoning taxonomy. The RPE procedure appeared to simulate a lived experience of imagined disability for the clinicians through which contexts and meanings began to emerge independent of the clinicians' scientific attitudes.
Elevated Serum IGF-1 Levels Synergize PTH Action on the Skeleton Only When the Tissue IGF-1 Axis Is Intact

There is growing evidence that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) have synergistic actions on bone and that part of the anabolic effects of PTH is mediated by local production of IGF-1. In this study we analyzed the skeletal response to PTH in mouse models with manipulated endocrine or autocrine/paracrine IGF-1. We used mice carrying a hepatic IGF-1 transgene (HIT), which results in a threefold increase in serum IGF-1 levels and normal tissue IGF-1 expression, and Igf1 null mice with blunted IGF-1 expression in tissues but threefold increases in serum IGF-1 levels (KO-HIT). Evaluation of skeletal growth showed that elevations in serum IGF-1 in mice with Igf1 gene ablation in all tissues except the liver (KO-HIT) resulted in a restoration of skeletal morphology and mechanical properties by adulthood. Intermittent PTH treatment of adult HIT mice resulted in increases in serum osteocalcin levels, femoral total cross-sectional area, cortical bone area and cortical bone thickness, as well as bone mechanical properties. We found that the skeletal response of HIT mice to PTH was significantly higher than that of control mice, suggesting synergy between IGF-1 and PTH on bone. In sharp contrast, although PTH-treated KO-HIT mice demonstrated an anabolic response in cortical and trabecular bone compartments compared with vehicle-treated KO-HIT mice, their response was identical to that of PTH-treated control mice. We conclude that (1) in the presence of elevated serum IGF-1 levels, PTH can exert an anabolic response in bone even in the total absence of tissue IGF-1, and (2) elevations in serum IGF-1 levels synergize PTH action on bone only if the tissue IGF-1 axis is intact. Thus enhancement of PTH anabolic actions depends on tissue IGF-1.
Lower cranial nerves

Imaging evaluation of cranial neuropathies requires thorough knowledge of the anatomic, physiologic, and pathologic features of the cranial nerves, as well as detailed clinical information, which is necessary for tailoring the examinations, locating the abnormalities, and interpreting the imaging findings. This article provides clinical, anatomic, and radiological information on lower (7th to 12th) cranial nerves, along with high-resolution magnetic resonance images as a guide for optimal imaging technique, so as to improve the diagnosis of cranial neuropathy.
Curcumin decreases 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced protein kinase C translocation to modulate downstream targets in mouse skin

Curcumin has been shown to inhibit 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol13-acetate (TPA)-induced tumour promotion and some of the TPA-responsive markers in mouse skin. However, its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated. The present study focuses on understanding the role of protein kinase C (PKC), the major cellular receptor of TPA, in mediating TPA-induced biological responses in mouse skin and subsequently, elucidating the effects of curcumin on PKC and its downstream target molecules. As compared with controls, single topical application of TPA (5 nmol) to skin increased the translocation of PKC from cytosolic to particulate fraction, determined in terms of activity and protein levels. Ro31- 8220 (PKC inhibitor, 1 nmol) when applied topically, alone or prior to TPA, inhibited PKC activity in both the compartments but did not affect the TPA-induced protein translocation. In contrast, though curcumin (10 mmol) alone did not alter the basal activity/levels, its pre-treatment decreased the TPA-induced translocation of PKC isozymes (a, b, g, e, h), resulting in appropriate alterations in activity. Despite differences in modes of action of Ro-31-8220 (activity inhibition) and curcumin (decreasing translocation) in modulating PKC, their pre-treatment blunted the TPA-induced levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases and transcription factors (c-jun, c-fos and nuclear factor-kappa B) and downstream target proteins associated with cell proliferation (cyclin D1 and ornithine decarboxylase), cell death (Bax and Bcl2), inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2) and oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2#-deoxyguanosine) in skin. These results demonstrate the crucial role of PKC in TPAmediated cellular responses in skin and that curcumin modulates transmembrane signal transduction via PKC to affect TPAinduced biochemical and molecular alterations in mouse skin.
Stellar Archaeology: Using Metal-Poor Stars to Test Theories of the Early Universe

Constraints on the chemical yields of the first stars and supernova can be derived by examining the abundance patterns of different types of metal-poor stars. We show how metal-poor stars are employed to derive constraints of the formation of the first low-mass stars by testing a fine-structure line cooling theory. The concept of stellar archaeology, that stellar abundances truly reflect the chemical composition of the earliest times, is then addressed. The accretion history of a sample of metal-poor stars is examined in detail in a cosmological context, and found to have no impact on the observed abundances. Predictions are made for the lowest possible Fe and Mg abundances observable in the Galaxy, [Fe/H]min = −7.5 and [Mg/H]min = −5.5. The absence of stars below these values is so far consistent with a top-heavy IMF. These predictions are directly relevant for future surveys and the next generation of telescopes.
Once more with feeling: Affect and language in atypical populations

The study of clearly identifiable patterns of atypical development can inform normal development in significant ways. Delayed or deviant development puts in high relief not only the sequence of development but also the individual components. This article presents the results of studies that compare adolescents with Williams syndrome, a rare metabolic neurodevelopmental disorder resulting in mental retardation, with cognitively matched adolescents with Down syndrome. We investigate the interaction between affect and language through storytelling. In contrast to the adolescents with Down syndrome, the Williams syndrome subjects tell coherent and complex narratives that make extensive use of affective prosody. Furthermore, stories from the Williams but not the Down subjects are infused with lexically encoded narrative evaluative devices that enrich the referential content of the stories. This contrast in expressivity between two matched atypical groups provides an unusual perspective on the underlying structure of the social cognitive domain.
The Global Conflict Process

The relationship between domestic and international conflict serves as the primary focus of this article. A research approach is used that is different from that found in most previous studies. We use the international system as the unit of analysis and employ a dynamic time series research orientation. We suggest and present empirical evidence supporting the idea that the change in magnitude of domestic conflict and the change in magnitude of international conflict are intimately related in a behavioral pattern that we call the global conflict process.
Supportive Social Relationships Attenuate the Appeal of Choice

People like having options when choosing, but having too many options can lead to negative decision-related consequences. The present study focused on how social-relational factors—common aspects of daily life—can maintain or attenuate the appeal of choice. Study 1 examined the effect of a supportive- or nonsupportive-relationship prime on the decision to pay for having more options in choosing a consumer product. People who thought of supportive relationships, compared with those who thought of nonsupportive ones (and control participants), were less willing to pay for a larger choice set. Study 2 showed that the activation of thoughts of security and calmness in participants recalling supportive relationships (compared with participants recalling nonsupportive relationships) mediated the appeal of choice. This finding offers one possible explanation for the reduced desire for options when people are reminded of supportive relationships.
Modeling phase stability in perovskites

Abstract Order-disorder phenomena on the simple-cubic B-site sublattice in A(B 1 3 B′ 2 3 )O 3 perovskites is examined. A simple cubic groundstate analysis in the cube approximation reveals that this approximation is inadequate for A(B 1 3 B′ 2 3 )O 3 perovskites, because it cannot predict a common experimentally-observed [111]superstructure. A partial vertex enumeration technique is used to demonstrate that a cube + linear triplet approximation is sufficient. First-principles calculations were performed for Ba(Zn 1 3 Ta 2 3 )O 3 (BZT) and Pb(Mg 1 3 Nb 2 3 )O 3 (PMN), two technologically interesting materials, in an effort to construct generalized Ising model Hamiltonians to enable simulations of these materials. Both ionic model (SSCAD) and pseudopotential (PP) calculations were done, enumerating the relative energies of a series of B-site superstructures. Structural hierarchies are reasonable and predict the [111] groundstate for both BZT and PMN, despite the fact that it is not observed in the latter. The pseudopotential results also indicate the possibility of metal-insulator transitions in BZT as a function of B-site configuration. The latter result indicates a possible explanation for the curious dielectric properties of non-isovalent mixed B-site materials. Differences were found between the SSCAD and PP calculations for BZT; these indicate the SSCAD calculations are probably sufficient for low-energy excitations, but inaccurate for high-energy structures.
Vemurafenib-Induced Dupuytren’s Contracture; Levetiracetam-Induced Rage and Increased Risk of Suicide; PPD Tuberculin Skin Test–Induced Deep Necrotic Skin Lesion; Voriconazole-Induced Phototoxicity, Pseudoporphyria, and Photo-Onycholysis; Dronedarone-Induced Organizing Pneumonia

*Chair and Clinical Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Clinical Advisor, Institute for Safe Medication Practices, Horsham, Pennsylvania The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) MedWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MedWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers. Write to Dr. Mancano at ISMP, 200 Lakeside Drive, Suite 200, Horsham, PA 19044 (phone: 215-707-4936; e-mail: mmancano@temple.edu). Your report will be published anonymously unless otherwise requested. This feature is provided by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) in cooperation with the FDA’s MedWatch program and Temple University School of Pharmacy. ISMP is an FDA MedWatch partner.
Membrane Forces Regulate Voltage Sensor Movement

Positively charged proteins, called voltage sensors, regulate the gating of voltage-sensitive ion channels. These channels have been traditionally believed to be sensitive to the local electrochemical environment. A growing number of experiments now conclusively show that lipid-associated stimuli can control the channel response. To gain insight into the mechanosensitive response exhibited by these channels, we model the interactions of a charged protein with the surrounding lipids. Our model reveals a new mechanism by which lipid-dependent electromechanical forces regulate the movement of a charged protein within a bilayer. This mechanism can potentially help in understanding and consolidating several experimental findings which demonstrate lipid-dependent shifts in voltage-sensititive ion channel gating.
The Energy of Adsorbed Hydroxyl on Pt(111) by Microcalorimetry

The energy of adsorbed hydroxyl on Pt(111) was measured by dosing D2O gas onto oxygen precovered Pt(111) at 150 K while following the heat of reaction with single-crystal adsorption calorimetry. The adsorption of D2O on oxygen precovered Pt(111) is known to produce surface OD (hydroxyl) coadsorbed with molecular D2O in a well-defined structure. The heat of reaction and sticking probability of D2O on Pt(111) were measured as a function of oxygen precoverage and D2O dose. With 0.25 monolayers (ML) of oxygen atoms, the differential heat of adsorption is nearly constant at 61.3 kJ/mol for the first ∼1/3 ML but drops to 57.9 kJ/mol by 0.50 ML and 50.5 kJ/mol by saturation (0.62 ML). Similar experiments with Oad precoverages of 0.18 and 0.07 ML gave lower saturation D2O coverages (0.55 and 0.22 ML, respectively) and lower heats of reaction by ∼3.4 and ∼4.6 kJ/mol, respectively, except at very low D2O coverage where step sites may play a role. From the integral heat of D2O adsorption, the standard enthalpy of fo...