cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of an experience-based assembly sequence planner for mechanical assemblies

This paper presents a design of an assembly sequence planner based on a “plan reuse” philosophy. Most of assembly planning research in the past has attempted to completely plan each problem from scratch. This research shows that stored cases of basic assembly configurations can be applied to a given assembly problem. It is observed that the number of such basic assembly configurations is quite small. The planner divides the assembly into a number of constituent configurations, which are called “loops”. These act as subgoals in its search for solutions. Plans retrieved for all subgoals are fused into a set of plans that are consistent with the constraints implied by each plan. Application specific constraints on the assembly are explicitly handled in the second phase of planning. Mechanisms for assembly representation and implementation details of the planner are also presented.
Three-dimensional interconnect analysis using partial element equivalent circuits

Two extensions to the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) approach for interconnect modeling are presented. First, retardation, the effect of the finite speed of electromagnetic interactions, is included. Second, PEEC is extended to include a circuit model of finite-size homogeneous dielectrics. It is shown that the retarded PEEC formulation with the new dielectric model is equivalent to a full-wave solution of Maxwell's equation. Since they can be combined with linear and nonlinear circuits, the resulting models are more flexible than existing full-wave solvers. >
Interchangeable color measurements from different instruments

The author describes reliable calibration procedures that use stable reference materials and allow for exchange of data among many types of commercial spectrophotometers. The calibration of reference standards is either based on absolute date (mercury lines) or is traceable to values obtained on the NITS high-accuracy spectrophotometer.
A tactical deployable wireless multimedia LAN

One of the lessons learned during Desert Shield and Desert Storm is that better multimedia services (voice, video, and data) are needed in support of an initial deployment. The advantages of wireless communications, coupled with the use of a single multimedia distribution system, can reduce the total setup time needed to provide these services to users at an initially deployed location. The authors describe a tactical deployable wireless multimedia local area network (LAN) architecture to support initial communications requirements. Using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products to implement this architecture at minimum cost, a set of small, easily packaged communications devices can be tailored as needed for each deployed location. >
On the automatic parallelization of the Perfect Benchmarks(R)

This paper presents the results of the Cedar Hand-Parallelization Experiment conducted from 1989 through 1992, within the Center for Supercomputing Research and Development (CSRD) at the University of Illinois. In this experiment, we manually transformed the Perfect Benchmarks(R) into parallel program versions. In doing so, we used techniques that may be automated in an optimizing compiler. We then ran these programs on the Cedar multiprocessor (built at CSRD during the 1980s) and measured the speed improvement due to each technique. The results presented here extend the findings previously reported. The techniques credited most for the performance gains include array privatization, parallelization of reduction operations, and the substitution of generalized induction variables. All these techniques can be considered extensions of transformations that were available in vectorizers and commercial restructuring compilers of the late 1980s. We applied these transformations by hand to the given programs, in a mechanical manner, similar to that of a parallelizing compiler. Because of our success with these transformations, we believed that it would be possible to implement many of these techniques in a new parallelizing compiler. Such a compiler has been completed in the meantime and we show preliminary results.
Stomatal density and stomatal index as indicators of paleoatmospheric CO(2) concentration.

A growing number of studies use the plant species-specific inverse relationship between atmospheric CO(2) concentration and stomatal density (SD) or stomatal index (SI) as a proxy for paleo-CO(2) levels. A total of 285 previously published SD and 145 SI responses to variable CO(2) concentrations from a pool of 176 C(3) plant species are analyzed here to test the reliability of this method. The percentage of responses inversely responding to CO(2) rises from 40 and 36% (for SD and SI, respectively) in experimental studies to 88 and 94% (for SD and SI, respectively) in fossil studies. The inconsistent experimental responses verify previous concerns involving this method, however the high percentage of fossil responses showing an inverse relationship clearly validates the method when applied over time scales of similar length. Furthermore, for all groups of observations, a positive relationship between CO(2) and SD/SI is found in only </=12% of cases. Thus, CO(2) appears to inversely affect stomatal initiation, although the mechanism may involve genetic adaptation and therefore is often not clearly expressed under short CO(2) exposure times.Experimental responses of SD and SI based on open-top chambers (OTCs) inversely relate to CO(2) less often than greenhouse-based responses (P<0.01 for both SD and SI), and should be avoided when experimental responses are required for CO(2) reconstructions. In the combined data set, hypostomatous species follow the inverse relationship more often than amphistomatous species (56 vs. 44% for SD; 69 vs. 32% for SI; P<0.03 for both comparisons). Both the SD and SI of fossil responses are equally likely to inversely relate to CO(2) when exposed to elevated versus subambient CO(2) concentrations (relative to today). This result casts doubt on previous claims that stomata cannot respond to CO(2) concentrations above present-day levels. Although the proportion of SD and SI responses inversely relating to CO(2) are similar, SD is more strongly affected by various environmental stresses, and thus SI-based CO(2) reconstructions are probably more accurate.
Vitamin D regulated keratinocyte differentiation

The epidermis is the largest organ in the body. It is comprised primarily of keratinocytes which are arranged in layers that recapitulates their programmed life cycle. Proliferating keratinocytes are on the bottom-the stratum basale. As keratinocytes leave the stratum basale they begin to differentiate, culminating in the enucleated stratum corneum which has the major role of permeability barrier. Calcium and the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), play important roles in this differentiation process. The epidermis has a gradient of calcium with lowest concentrations in the stratum basale, and highest concentrations in the stratum granulosum where proteins critical for barrier function are produced. Vitamin D is made in different layers of the epidermis, but 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is made primarily in the stratum basale. Together calcium and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) regulate the ordered differentiation process by the sequential turning on and off the genes producing the elements required for differentiation as well as activating those enzymes involved in differentiation. Animal models in which the sensing mechanism for calcium, the receptor for 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), or the enzyme producing 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) have been rendered inoperative demonstrate the importance of these mechanisms for the differentiation process, although each animal model has its own phenotype. This review will examine the mechanisms by which calcium and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) interact to control epidermal differentiation.
On uniform one-chip VLSI design considerations for some discrete orthogonal transforms

One-chip VLSI design consideration for AT/sup 2/ optimal fast Fourier transform (FFT) shuffle-exchange architecture is considered, and a systolic-network architecture for the computation of the FFT is presented. This architecture has the same asymptotically optimal theoretical O(N/sup 2/log/sup 2/N) AT/sup 2/ complexity as the FFT shuffle-exchange architecture, but is more suitable for one-chip VLSI design. Architectures which are feasible for a one-chip FFT design, as well as for shuffle-exchange-type fast discrete orthogonal transforms such as the generalized transform, cosine transform, and slant transform are also discussed. >
Tripartite Growth Trajectories of Reading and Math Achievement Tracking National Academic Progress at Primary, Middle, and High School Levels

This study examines trends in American students’ growth trajectories in reading and math achievement over the past three decades. Drawing upon multiple sources of national assessment data, cohort analyses provide new evidence on the stability and change of national academic growth curves. The emerging trends imply a tripartite pattern where American students are gaining ground at the pre/early primary school level, holding ground at the middle school level, and losing ground at the high school level. National progress in reading and math achievement at the pre/early primary school level appears to be offset by declines at the high school level. The study discusses the limitations and challenges of tracking academic growth trajectories across all different levels of education over the long term. It also calls for national P-16 education policy and research efforts toward sustainable academic growth and seamless educational transition.
Inter-Organizational Knowledge Flow and Innovation Diffusion in Project-Based Industries

Project-based industries are among the largest industries in the global economy. Innovation research to date, however, has largely focused on traditional, hierarchical industries. When project-based industries are included in innovation studies, the analyses rarely explore the implications of organizational and industry structure on diffusion. A review of the literature on innovation in the project-based construction, motion picture, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and healthcare industries suggests that organizing around projects creates difficulties for innovation. The extra effort required to diffuse some innovations leads to an innovation gap for project-based industries. A closer examination of the scope of an innovation and the inter-organizational flow of knowledge holds the key to understanding this innovation gap. In this paper we explore the impact of innovation scope and inter-organizational knowledge flows in the residential building industry based on case evidence of wall system innovations.
Elastic properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments

Downhole‐measured compressional- and shear‐wave velocities acquired in the Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well, northwestern Canada, reveal that the dominant effect of gas hydrate on the elastic properties of gas hydrate‐bearing sediments is as a pore‐filling constituent. As opposed to high elastic velocities predicted from a cementation theory, whereby a small amount of gas hydrate in the pore space significantly increases the elastic velocities, the velocity increase from gas hydrate saturation in the sediment pore space is small. Both the effective medium theory and a weighted equation predict a slight increase of velocities from gas hydrate concentration, similar to the field‐observed velocities; however, the weighted equation more accurately describes the compressional- and shear‐wave velocities of gas hydrate‐bearing sediments. A decrease of Poisson’s ratio with an increase in the gas hydrate concentration is similar to a decrease of Poisson’s ratio with a decrease in the sediment porosity. Poiss...
Dependence of the reversibility of focused- ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening on pressure and pulse length in vivo

The most challenging aspect of intravenously-administered drugs currently developed to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases is their impermeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a specialized vasculature system protecting the brain microenvironment. Focused ultrasound (FUS) in conjunction with systemically administered microbubbles has been shown to open the BBB locally, noninvasively, and reversibly. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of FUS (center frequency: 1.5 MHz) pulse length (PL), ranging here from 67 μs to 6.7 ms, on the physiology of the FUS-induced BBB opening. Dynamic contrastenhanced (DCE) and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to quantify the permeability changes using transfer rate (Ktrans) mapping, the volume of BBB opening (VBBB) and the reversibility timeline of the FUS-induced BBB opening, with the systemic administration of microbubbles at different acoustic pressures, ranging from 0.30 to 0.60 MPa. Permeability and volume of opening were both found to increase with the acoustic pressure and pulse length. At 67-μs PL, the opening pressure threshold was 0.45 MPa, with BBB opening characteristics similar to those induced with 0.60 MPa at the same PL, as well as with 0.67-ms PL/0.30 MPa. On average, these cases had Ktrans = 0.0049 ± 0.0014 min-1 and VBBB = 3.7 ± 4.3 mm3, and closing occurred within 8 h. The 6.7-ms PL/0.30 MPa induced similar opening with 0.67-ms PL/0.45 MPa, and a closing timeline of 24 to 48 h. On average, Ktrans was 0.0091 ± 0.0029 min-1 and VBBB was 14.13 ± 7.7 mm3 in these cases. Also, there were no significant differences between the 6.7-ms PL/0.45 MPa, 0.67-ms PL/0.60 MPa and 6.7-ms PL/0.60 MPa cases, yielding on average a Ktrans of 0.0100 ± 0.0023 min-1 and VBBB equal to 20.1 ± 5.7 mm3. Closing occurred within 48 to 72 h in these cases. Stacked histograms of the Ktrans provided further insight to the nonuniform spatial distribution of permeability changes and revealed a correlation with the closing timeline. These results also suggest a beneficial complementary relationship between the elongation of the PL and the decrease of the peak negative acoustic pressures, and vice versa. Linear regression between Ktrans and VBBB showed a good correlation fit. Also, the time required for closing linearly increased with VBBB. The volume rate of decrease was measured to be 11.4 ± 4.0 mm3 per day, suggesting that the closing timeline could be predicted from the initial volume of opening. Finally, no histological damage was detected in any of the cases 7 d post-FUS, indicating the safety of the methodology and parameters used.
Structural origin of the cryogenic relaxations in poly(ethylene terephthalate)

The effect of molecular organization (crystallinity, orientation) on the internal friction of poly(ethylene terephthalate) was studied by means of dynamic mechanical measurements at temperatures from 300 to 4.2°K, with a free-oscillating torsion pendulum at 1 Hz. It was found that crystallinity decreases the intensity of the composite γ relaxation at 210°K and gives rise to an additional loss maximum e at 26°K. Uniaxial orientation broadens the γ relaxation and gives rise to an additional loss peak δ, at 46°K. The δ and e losses are dependent on molecular organization, occurring only in samples containing aligned, taut chain segments and crystalline structures, respectively. They have a common activation energy of 4 kcal/mole. All three low-temperature relaxations in oriented specimens show pronounced directional anisotropy, which, in the γ loss, may be due to the preferred orientation of noncrystalline chain segments, while in the δ and e losses, may be associated with the direction of defect structures. On the basis of the observed behavior of the δ and e relaxations it is suggested that they may involve motions of defect structures and may thus participate in stress-transfer mechanisms at large deformations.
Health-related quality of life in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries

Objective The study's objectives were to survey the quality of life in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and to compare the responses of those who have undergone anatomic repair with those who have a systemic right ventricle. Methods Thirty-eight patients who underwent anatomic repair and 13 patients after either conventional repair or no surgical procedure were enrolled. Subjects completed the PedsQL 4.0 Generic and 3.0 Cardiac Modules. Scores were also compared with those of patients from the literature with at least moderately severe cardiovascular disease. Mean differences between groups were compared, and the association between clinical variables and score in the anatomic repair subgroup was measured. Results Caregivers of patients in the anatomic repair group reported similar scores compared with the non-anatomic repair group in all functional domains The anatomic repair group self-reported lower school function (63 vs 81, P = .02). On the Cardiac Module, patients in the anatomic repair group self-reported fewer problems related to residual heart disease (75 vs 63), appearance (81 vs 68), and treatment anxiety (74 vs 59), although the differences were not significant. Compared with patients with other heart disease, the anatomic repair group scored lower, with the largest differences in cognition and communication. Prolonged hospital stay and need for a pacemaker were associated with lower quality of life after anatomic repair. Conclusions Patients in the anatomic repair group had similar quality of life compared with patients in the non-anatomic group, except in the domain of school functioning. Prolonged hospital stay and need for a pacemaker after anatomic repair may be risk factors for lower quality of life.
Environment and health: 8. Sustainable health care and emerging ethical responsibilities.

As a result, health care professionals and organizations need to consider the long-term environmental costs of providing health care and to reduce the material and energy consumption of the health care industry. This may seem a surprising conclusion, given that average human health has, for the most part, improved in recent decades despite environmental decline. As indicated in the World Health Organization’s 50th anniversary report, 12 the average life expectancy at birth worldwide has increased rapidly (from 46 years in 1958 to an unprecedented 66 years in 1998), the rate of death among children under 5 has decreased, more people than ever before have access to at least minimal health care services, safe water and sanitation, and new vaccinations and medications await wide distribution. Yet, these achievements are fragile. In the long term, human health requires a healthy global ecosystem. 13–17 About 25% of health problems are already environmental in origin. 18 There is no realistic way or current technology available to replace declining natural ecosystem services (e.g., climate stabilization, water purification, waste decomposition, pest control, seed dispersal, soil renewal, pollination, biodiversity and protection against solar radiation) that are essential to health. 19 Although public health experts increasingly recognize the significant role the environment plays in public health, it is less well recognized that personal health care services also depend significantly on and have consequences for the environment. Linking health care and the environment Health care figures both as a solution to environmental decline and as a problem. Increasing health problems generated by environmental decline will require medical treatment. At the same time, health care services also damage the environment. In the United States such services generate over 3 million tons of solid waste per year.
Porous detachable whirlpool seat for improving patient comfort. Suggestion from the field.

The clinical indications for the use of whirlpool therapy are well documented.1,2 We observed many positive results with this modality but were concerned about the large number of patients who report increased tenseness and discomfort during low-boy whirlpool treatments. The purpose of this article is to share our solution for increasing the comfort of these patients. Many patients complained about sitting directly on the bottom of the tank, needing to hold tightly to the rim of the tank for balance, lacking back and head support, and having difficulty getting in and out of the tank. We reviewed these complaints and then tried the commercially available products for their relief. Dissatisfied with these products, we developed our appliance (Figs. 1,2). Four adjustable and detachable supporting arms (Parts 1 and 2) attach to the lateral walls of the tub. The bilateral location of the cephalad supports (Part 1) allows the patient's head to recline without coming into contact with the turbine (Part 3).…
The L, M, and S Segments of Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Vaccine Independently Contribute to a Temperature-Sensitive Phenotype.

UNLABELLED Rift Valley fever (RVF) is endemic to Africa, and the mosquito-borne disease is characterized by "abortion storms" in ruminants and by hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and blindness in humans. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus) has a tripartite negative-stranded RNA genome (L, M, and S segments). A live-attenuated vaccine for RVF, the MP-12 vaccine, is conditionally licensed for veterinary use in the United States. MP-12 is fully attenuated by the combination of the partially attenuated L, M, and S segments. Temperature sensitivity (ts) limits viral replication at a restrictive temperature and may be involved with viral attenuation. In this study, we aimed to characterize the ts mutations for MP-12. The MP-12 vaccine showed restricted replication at 38°C and replication shutoff (100-fold or greater reduction in virus titer compared to that at 37°C) at 39°C in Vero and MRC-5 cells. Using rZH501 reassortants with either the MP-12 L, M, or S segment, we found that all three segments encode a temperature-sensitive phenotype. However, the ts phenotype of the S segment was weaker than that of the M or L segment. We identified Gn-Y259H, Gc-R1182G, L-V172A, and L-M1244I as major ts mutations for MP-12. The ts mutations in the L segment decreased viral RNA synthesis, while those in the M segment delayed progeny production from infected cells. We also found that a lack of NSs and/or 78kD/NSm protein expression minimally affected the ts phenotype. Our study revealed that MP-12 is a unique vaccine carrying ts mutations in the L, M, and S segments. IMPORTANCE Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease endemic to Africa, characterized by high rates of abortion in ruminants and severe diseases in humans. Vaccination is important to prevent the spread of disease, and a live-attenuated MP-12 vaccine is currently the only vaccine with a conditional license in the United States. This study determined the temperature sensitivity (ts) of MP-12 vaccine to understand virologic characteristics. Our study revealed that MP-12 vaccine contains ts mutations independently in the L, M, and S segments and that MP-12 displays a restrictive replication at 38°C.
Effect of Parathyroid Extract upon Volume of Parathyroid Glands in Normal and Partially Nephrectomized Rats

In the course of certain experiments upon sensitiveness of partially nephrectomized rats to parathyroid extract, an opportunity was offered to ascertain whether the administration of this hormone over shorter or longer periods leads to a reduction in the size of the parathyroid glands. It is a commonly held belief that substitution therapy brings about functional atrophy of the endocrine glands producing the secretion. In the case of the parathyroids, Jaffe and Bodansky1 have reported that in dogs, the size of the parathyroid was reduced from one-third to one-half of that usually found; and that there were microscopic evidences of atrophy after acute or chronic experimental hyperparathyroidism. However, they did not weigh or measure the glands, and it seemed desirable to obtain more precise information on the subject.White and hooded rats were maintained on a standard diet.2 Parathyroid extract (Lilly) was given by intraperitoneal injection in total doses ranging from 200 to 2150 Hansen units over periods...
Identification and Yields of 1,4-Hydroxynitrates Formed from the Reactions of C8–C16 n-Alkanes with OH Radicals in the Presence of NOx

A series of C8–C16 n-alkanes were reacted with OH radicals in the presence of NOx in an environmental chamber and particulate 1,4-hydroxynitrate reaction products were collected by filtration, extracted, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV absorption and electron ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/UV/MS). Observed mass spectral patterns can be explained by using proposed ion fragmentation mechanisms, permitting the identification of each hydroxynitrate isomer. Reversed-phase retention of these compounds was dictated by the length of the longer of two alkyl chains attached to the 1,4-hydroxynitrate subunit. 1,4-Hydroxynitrates were quantified in particles using an authentic analytical standard for calibration, and the results were combined with gas chromatography measurements of the n-alkanes to determine the molar yields. Yields based on analyses of particles increased with increasing carbon number from 0.00 for C8 to an average plateau value of 0.130 ± 0.008 for C14–C16, due pr...
Measurement and instrumentation in the classroom damped oscillatory systems

Experiential learning opportunities have been demonstrated to improve long-term retention of engineering theory, as well as promoting directed self-learning skills. This paper describes a project-based problem based on the theory of vibrating systems. The theory and practical experiment help the student understand the relationship between frequency of oscillation, the Laplace representation of a second-order system, and the time-domain solution of a second-order differential equation. The damped oscillatory system has complex conjugate roots, ensuring that the student is exposed to a level of math expected by future employers. The project work is based on a bouncing toy with a decaying oscillation, and accelerometer data via a student-programmed data acquisition system.
Driving Factors of China's Industrial Structure:1985-2010

This paper constructs a theoretical framework for the driving factors of industrial structure and conducts an empirical study on the driving factors of rationalization of industrial structure and the optimization driving factors of industrial structure based on measuring the rationalization and optimization of industrial structure.The results show that independent innovation capacity,technology absorption capacity,income growth,international trade and marketization are important driving factors of China's industrial structure.However,the contributions of these factors to rationalization of industrial structure and optimization of industrial structure are significantly different.We find that the optimization of industrial structure is the long-term and short-term causes of rationalization of industrial structure while the reverse causality does not exist.
Detection of quadrilateral document regions from digital photographs

A modern smartphone is a convenient and capable tool for document capture. However, without proper enhancement, a casually taken digital photograph is likely to bear visual artifacts of its capture and offers limited utility as a document. Detection of quadrilateral document borders enables perspective correction and cropping, two critical tasks in the enhancement pipeline. This paper presents a method for detecting quadrilateral document borders based on local features extracted from line segments and a machine learning framework. In contrast to many previous methods, this method does not assume printed text content and is thus applicable to a broader range of documents. This method encompasses: 1) shape-based rejection rules that reduce the pool of candidate quadrilaterals; 2) features that take document area, borders, and collinear content into account; 3) a metric that ranks quadrilaterals according to a ground-truth quadrilateral; and 4) a machine learning framework based on learning-to-rank. Experimental results on real-world images show that the listwise learning method ListNet performs significantly better than the pairwise learning method Ranking SVM for our application. The results also show that our multi-feature method significantly outperform an existing single feature method.
Informality and Urban Politics

The daily political routine of the city provides us with several niches where we can productively understand and explain the informal side of urban politics. The informal city, in fact, is also sustained by the informal political system and administrative process. Urban politics has a visible and formal arena regulated by the formal political system. It has also an informal side which survives in the interstices of, or serves as an extension to, the formal system. This is why we need to explain the mechanisms of its production and relations with the formal system.
Development, doubts, and decline

The 1954 constitution and the NPC organic law established the NPC and granted it an array of powers that paralleled those of the Supreme Soviet and East European assemblies. The constitution deemed the NPC “the only legislative authority in the country,” “the highest organ of state authority,” and the sole body empowered to amend the constitution. As the only legally sovereign organ and a conduit for mass political participation, the NPC legalized Communist rule and represented popular sovereignty within the Chinese constitutional myth. It stood beside the vanguard party and symbolized accountability and a united political community. A working model of democratic centralism, the NPC embodied socialist democracy and boosted party legitimacy. Its primary task was mobilizing citizens and offering them a chance to participate in governing an exclusive, class-based Leninist state in the form of a dictatorship of the proletariat. As the nation's law maker, the NPC shared the right to initiate legislation with the state chairman, vice chairman, and the highest state executive organ – the State Council. The State Council was given the power to issue decrees and orders that did not contravene the constitution or laws passed by the NPC, but the NPC had the power to revise or annul decisions of any state organ that it judged to be in conflict with the constitution. The NPC was also empowered to form and oversee the upper reaches of the state apparatus.
The impact of a unique knowledge translation programme implemented in a large multisite paediatric hospital.

Background and purpose Physical therapists (PTs) display positive attitudes toward evidence-based practice (EBP), and implementing it can improve patient outcomes and reduce costs. However, barriers can lead to inconsistent use of EBP. The objectives of this manuscript are to (i) describe the initiation and revisions to a knowledge translation (KT) programme, (ii) assess staff participation in KT, and (iii) evaluate availability, internal use and external dissemination of evidence-based recommendations and research. Target setting The KT programme was implemented in a large paediatric hospital employing 66 PTs who provide services in the inpatient, outpatient developmental and sports and orthopaedics settings in 15 locations. Development of KT programme The KT programme was initiated 9 years ago but underwent improvements over the past 3 years. Five key revisions included the subdivision of the EBP and Research Coordinator positions by area of practice, increasing the structure of the KT programme, implementing strategies to encourage use of local recommendations, obtaining leadership support to emphasize KT and providing staff education. Outcomes With the revisions, staff participation in local recommendation development increased from 16.3–68.2%. Research involvement increased from 4.1–50%. The number of local recommendations increased from 1 to 9, and an overall compliance rate of 79% was achieved for the recommendations presented in an algorithm format. External dissemination increased from 1 to 44 for presentations and 0 to 7 for publications. Discussion Revisions to a KT programme improved PT engagement in KT activities, increased the availability of local recommendations, encouraged use of EBP and increased external dissemination of information.
PLEURAL EFFUSIONS | Hemothorax

Hemothorax is a collection of bloody fluid in the pleural space with a hematocrit at least 50% of the peripheral blood. Hemothorax is most commonly caused by trauma and rarely due to malignancy or pulmonary embolism. Hemothoraces are commonly encountered in clinical practice and may need to be drained depending on their size and effect on gas exchange. Diagnosis hinges on the clinical setting and confirmation by pleural fluid analysis. Apposition of the parietal and visceral pleura by drainage may arrest intrapleural bleeding via tamponade. Thoracoscopy and thoracotomy may be required if drainage alone is unsuccessful. The pathogenesis of large hemothoraces can involve progressive organization and fibrosis leading to lung restriction, arguing for the removal of this fibrotic encasement. Intrapleural thrombolytic therapy is an alternative approach to address organizing hemothoraces.
The Drosophila apterous56f mutation impairs circadian locomotor activity.

We investigated effects of apterous mutation ap 56f on circadian locomotor activity, eclosion rhythms, and transcript levels of period and timeless in Drosophila. We investigated circadian locomoto...
Accelerate PhenoTestTM BC Kit Versus Conventional Methods for Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Gram-Positive Bloodstream Isolates: Potential Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship.

Background: The Accelerate PhenoTestTM BC kit (AXDX) provides rapid organism identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results. Its potential role for antimicrobial steward...
Topical Therapy I: Corticosteroids and Vitamin D Analogues

Psoriasis is a life-long disease that affects approximately 2 % of the population. Approximately 80 % of psoriasis patients have mild to moderate disease. Topical therapies play an important role in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate disease. Patients often start treatment with topical steroids, vitamin D3 cream or ointment or a combination of the two. This chapter will describe the pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action of topical steroids and vitamin D analogues. Long-term side effects, the importance of vehicle, potency ratings as well as combination use with other treatment modalities will be discussed.
Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics of Gliomas

Gliomas are the most common primary malignancy in the central nervous system. With recent advancements in molecular pathology, pathologists now have additional tools for histologic analysis of these brain tumors. Genomic and proteomic studies may aid in the diagnosis of gliomas, as well as have utility in prognostication and response to treatment options. Presented are the most current molecular studies utilized in neuropathology of gliomas, as well as a glimpse to future potential biomarkers.
Feeding the world in the twenty-first century

The gains in food production provided by the Green Revolution have reached their ceiling while world population continues to rise. To ensure that the world's poorest people do not still go hungry in the twenty-first century, advances in plant biotechnology must be deployed for their benefit by a strong public-sector agricultural research effort.
The Dyspraxia Scale for adults with Down syndrome

Dyspraxia consists of a partial loss of the ability to perform purposeful or skilled motor acts in the absence of paralysis, sensory loss, abnormal posture or tone, abnormal involuntary movements, incoordination, poor comprehension, or inattention [1]. The existence of dyspraxia is usually tested by having the patient perform some motor act on command or by imitation.
Filth, garbage, and rubbish: refuse disposal, sanitary reform, and nineteenth-century yard deposits in Washington, D.C.

To the archaeologist, the refuse deposits found on domestic sites are a source of information about diet, health, and consumer behavior. Yet to 19th-century health reformers, these deposits were regarded as sources of disease causing offensive odors, or “noxious effluvia.” Thus, city officials in Washington first instituted night soil collection (privy contents), then garbage collection (organic refuse), and finally by century’s end, rubbish collection (inorganic refuse). Concurrently, city officials passed ever stricter nuisance laws designed to enforce public health policy. How these reforms were enforced, and how the public reacted to them, may say much about the development of attitudes towards cleanliness. Excavations from domestic sites in Washington, D. C. show that refuse disposal practices differed substantially from house to house. The adoption of sanitary practices was far from even, and may have been associated with many factors, including cultural background, occupation, and home ownership, among others.
Hotspot of Change: Case Studies in Nineteenth Century Rhode Island

This chapter delves more deeply into the nuances of nineteenth century American school design by performing case studies in Rhode Island, a “hotspot” or charged site of this dynamic history. With an extraordinarily rich and well-preserved heritage deeply expressive of broader American norms, Rhode Island stands as an exemplary site of study. This chapter takes up nineteenth and early twentieth century Rhode Island schools in Newport, Bristol, and Providence to consider how they support, complicate, or trouble the aims of traditionalism and scientific management.
Post-Secondary Expectations and Educational Attainment.

This study utilized student, teacher, and parent expectations during high school to analyze their predictive effect on post-secondary education status two years after scheduled graduation. The samp...
Association of FDG PET-CT (PET) avid skeletal lesions (SL) with progression-free survival (PFS) in patients (pts) with previously untreated follicular lymphoma (FL).

e19026Background: PET scan is frequently utilized in FL. Reduced EFS has been observed in DLBCL pts with SL treated with RCHOP (Held, JCO 31:4115, 2013). Methods: We performed a retrospective singl...
Efficient Characterization and Classification of Malware Using Deep Learning

Bad actors have embraced automation to construct malware, and current analysis systems cannot keep up with the ever-increasing load of malware being created daily. Additionally, some static analysis of malware can be computationally expensive, and not all static analysis should be considered for every sample that is part of a large malware dataset. As a result, highly expressive and inexpensive characterizations of malicious code, coupled with low resource machine learning classification platforms are required. In this paper, we use deep learning to build a meta-model that finds the simplest classifiers to characterize and assign malware into their corresponding families. Using static analysis of malware, we generate descriptive features to be used in conjunction with deep learning, in order to predict malware families. Our meta-model can determine when simple and less expensive malware characterization will suffice to accurately classify malicious executables, or when more computationally expensive descriptions are required. Finally, our meta-model is able to predict the simplest features and models to classify malware with an accuracy of up to 90%.
Nerfin-1 represses transcriptional output of Hippo signaling in cell competition

The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway regulates tissue growth in Drosophila by restricting the activity of the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie (Yki), which normally complexes with the TEF/TEAD family DNA-binding transcription factor Scalloped (Sd) to drive the expression of growth-promoting genes. Given its pivotal role as a central hub in mediating the transcriptional output of Hippo signaling, there is great interest in understanding the molecular regulation of the Sd-Yki complex. In this study, we identify Nerfin-1 as a transcriptional repressor that antagonizes the activity of the Sd-Yki complex by binding to the TEA DNA-binding domain of Sd. Consistent with its biochemical function, ectopic expression of Nerfin-1 results in tissue undergrowth in an Sd-dependent manner. Conversely, loss of Nerfin-1 enhances the ability of winner cells to eliminate loser cells in multiple scenarios of cell competition. We further show that INSM1, the mammalian ortholog of Nerfin-1, plays a conserved role in repressing the activity of the TEAD-YAP complex. These findings reveal a novel regulatory mode converging on the transcriptional output of the Hippo pathway that may be exploited for modulating the YAP oncoprotein in cancer and regenerative medicine.
Bootstrapping multiple linear regression after variable selection

This paper suggests a method for bootstrapping the multiple linear regression model $$Y = \beta _1 + \beta _2 x_2 + \cdots + \beta _p x_p + e$$ after variable selection. We develop asymptotic theory for some common least squares variable selection estimators such as forward selection with $$C_p$$ . Then hypothesis testing is done using three confidence regions, one of which is new. Theory suggests that the three confidence regions tend to have coverage at least as high as the nominal coverage if the sample size is large enough.
Implant Angulation Effect on the Fracture Resistance of Monolithic Zirconia Custom Abutments: An In Vitro Study.

PURPOSE To investigate the fracture resistance and performance of zirconia when employed for the fabrication of implant abutments with different angulations, simulating anterior maxillary oral rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five monolithic zirconia custom abutments of internal conical implant connection were CAD/CAM designed and fabricated. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 15/group) according to implant-to-abutment angulation. The angulations used were; 0°, 15°, and 25°. The abutments were loaded until failure at 135° using the Universal Testing Machine (Instron, Canton, MA). Collected data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS Mean (±standard deviation) load at fracture of the zirconia abutments for the three groups were 962.37 ± 93.81 N (Gr15) > 718.25 ± 93.71 N (Gr25) > 534.05 ±133.77 N (Gr0). Statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) was found between all groups; Gr0 vs. Gr15, Gr0 vs. Gr25, Gr15 vs. Gr25. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to expectations, the non-angulated monolithic zirconia abutments presented the lowest fracture resistance values. Angulating the abutments 15 or 25 degrees, following the palatal resorption pattern of the premaxilla, significantly increased the in vitro fracture resistance.
Generating Representative Headlines for News Stories

Millions of news articles are published online every day, which can be overwhelming for readers to follow. Grouping articles that are reporting the same event into news stories is a common way of assisting readers in their news consumption. However, it remains a challenging research problem to efficiently and effectively generate a representative headline for each story. Automatic summarization of a document set has been studied for decades, while few studies have focused on generating representative headlines for a set of articles. Unlike summaries, which aim to capture most information with least redundancy, headlines aim to capture information jointly shared by the story articles in short length, and exclude information that is too specific to each individual article. In this work, we study the problem of generating representative headlines for news stories. We develop a distant supervision approach to train large-scale generation models without any human annotation. This approach centers on two technical components. First, we propose a multi-level pre-training framework that incorporates massive unlabeled corpus with different quality-vs.-quantity balance at different levels. We show that models trained within this framework outperform those trained with pure human curated corpus. Second, we propose a novel self-voting-based article attention layer to extract salient information shared by multiple articles. We show that models that incorporate this layer are robust to potential noises in news stories and outperform existing baselines with or without noises. We can further enhance our model by incorporating human labels, and we show our distant supervision approach significantly reduces the demand on labeled data.
Proteomic Profiling of the ECM of Xenograft Breast Cancer Metastases in Different Organs Reveals Distinct Metastatic Niches

Metastasis causes most cancer-related deaths, and one poorly understood aspect of metastatic cancer is the adaptability of cells from a primary tumor to create new niches and survive in multiple, different secondary sites. We used quantitative mass spectrometry to analyze the extracellular matrix (ECM), a critical component of metastatic niches, in metastases to the brain, lungs, liver and bone marrow, all derived from parental MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Tumor and stromal cells cooperated in forming niches; stromal cells produced predominantly core, structural ECM proteins and tumor cells produced a diverse array of ECM-associated proteins, including secreted factors and modulators of the matrix. Additionally, tumor and stromal cells together created distinct niches in each tissue. Downregulation of SERPINB1, a protein elevated in brain metastases, led to a reduction in brain metastasis, suggesting that some niche-specific ECM proteins may be involved in metastatic tropism.
Neuropilin-1 is a T cell memory checkpoint limiting long-term antitumor immunity

Robust CD8+ T cell memory is essential for long-term protective immunity but is often compromised in cancer, where T cell exhaustion leads to loss of memory precursors. Immunotherapy via checkpoint blockade may not effectively reverse this defect, potentially underlying disease relapse. Here we report that mice with a CD8+ T cell–restricted neuropilin-1 (NRP1) deletion exhibited substantially enhanced protection from tumor rechallenge and sensitivity to anti-PD1 immunotherapy, despite unchanged primary tumor growth. Mechanistically, NRP1 cell-intrinsically limited the self-renewal of the CD44+PD1+TCF1+TIM3− progenitor exhausted T cells, which was associated with their reduced ability to induce c-Jun/AP-1 expression on T cell receptor restimulation, a mechanism that may contribute to terminal T cell exhaustion at the cost of memory differentiation in wild-type tumor-bearing hosts. These data indicate that blockade of NRP1, a unique ‘immune memory checkpoint’, may promote the development of long-lived tumor-specific Tmem that are essential for durable antitumor immunity. T cell exhaustion limits antitumor immune responses. Vignali and colleagues identify neuropilin-1 as a novel immune checkpoint that cell-intrinsically operates to limit memory cell formation and can be targeted to enhance antitumor responses.
Process Mapping and Activity-Based Costing of the Intravitreal Injection Procedure.

To quantify the cost of performing an intravitreal injection (IVI) utilizing activity-based costing (ABC), which allocates a cost to each resource involved in a manufacturing process.A prospective,...
Anatomy of the Edelman: Measuring the World’s Best Analytics Projects

Each year, the INFORMS Edelman Award celebrates the best and most impactful implementations of operations research, management science, and analytics. As the Edelman Award approaches its 50-year ma...