cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hibernating squirrels tweak sodium channels to rest their brain

![Graphic][1] When it comes to energy conservation, solar panels and bicycle commuting pale in comparison to hibernation. Hibernating animals limit energy-expensive processes, such as breathing and digestion, to help them squirrel away precious resources for the coming inactive season.
Networking and communication challenges for post-exascale systems

With the significant advancement in emerging processor, memory, and networking technologies, exascale systems will become available in the next few years (2020–2022). As the exascale systems begin to be deployed and used, there will be a continuous demand to run next-generation applications with finer granularity, finer time-steps, and increased data sizes. Based on historical trends, next-generation applications will require postexascale systems during 2025–2035. In this study, we focus on the networking and communication challenges for post-exascale systems. Firstly, we present an envisioned architecture for post-exascale systems. Secondly, the challenges are summarized from different perspectives: heterogeneous networking technologies, high-performance communication and synchronization protocols, integrated support with accelerators and field-programmable gate arrays, fault-tolerance and quality-of-service support, energy-aware communication schemes and protocols, softwaredefined networking, and scalable communication protocols with heterogeneous memory and storage. Thirdly, we present the challenges in designing efficient programming model support for high-performance computing, big data, and deep learning on these systems. Finally, we emphasize the critical need for co-designing runtime with upper layers on these systems to achieve the maximum performance and scalability.
Interstate highways and the civil rights movement: The case of I-85 and the Oak Park neighborhood in Montgomery, Alabama

On June 29, 1956, while the bus boycott was taking place in Montgomery, Alabama, President Eisenhower signed legislation to create the Interstate Highway System. Alabama Highway Director Sam Engelh...
P205 Detox Tea Advertising on Social Media: Examining the Content of Popular Detox Tea Brands on Instagram

Background Social media has emerged as a major influence on consumer health and behavior (Korda and Itani 2013). With more than a third of all U.S. adults using the social networking site Instagram (Pew Research Center 2017), food and dietary supplement marketing may be effective in building consumer awareness and furthermore influencing attitudes towards advertised products. Advertisements for detox tea products in particular are widely prevalent on social media, with celebrity endorsements being the most notable. However, little is known of what information detox tea brands include in marketing messages on the popular social networking site, Instagram. Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of detox tea advertisements on Instagram in order to understand how detox teas are being portrayed in social media. Study Design, Settings, Participants A qualitative content analysis explored how 11 detox tea brands advertised their products on Instagram. The use of health claims and nutrient claims in posts were also recorded. Detox tea brand posts were selected for analysis during Thanksgiving weekend of 2017. Previous research has shown that people are more health conscious during the holidays as body weight significantly increases (and is retained throughout the year) due to increased dietary intake during this time. A total of 220 posts were coded by researchers. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Coding and identification of themes was conducted using the constant comparative method. Results Findings suggested structure-function claims were the most frequently used. Qualitative content analysis revealed five overarching themes in the content of detox tea posts on Instagram including advertising and promotion of products, two-way dialogue with the brand, brand connections, health and fitness and finally, social sharing. Conclusion Exploring the content of these supplement advertisements provides insight on useful strategies for increasing brand engagement on social media. Additionally, analysis of this content supports research suggesting a connection between exposure to social media content and influencing consumer behavior. Funding None.
3D Morphometric Analysis of Normal Sacroiliac Joints: A New Classification of Surface Shape Variation and the Potential Implications in Pain Syndromes.

Background Normal sacroiliac (SI) joints vary widely in shape, and it is unclear whether SI joint morphology plays a role in the development of pain. To answer this question, we used 3D-CT surface rendering to image healthy study participants and used the resulting images to develop a classification system for SI joint morphology. In a case-control study comparing health research participants to patients with SI pain, we assessed whether the classification of SI joint morphology was associated with pain. Objectives We aimed to define normal variation in area and shape of the synovialized SI joint. We also aimed to determine interactions between joint area and shape and SI pain in men and women. Study design A retrospective cohort study. Setting University hospital tertiary care center. Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control study. We acquired 3D-CT surface rendered images of the SI joint in 223 normal controls and 34 patients with SI pain syndrome. We measured the sacral and iliac surface areas and performed morphologic 3D assessment of both articular surfaces. We classified SI joints into 3 types based on morphology (types one, 2, and 3). We used descriptive statistics to provide a reference standard for normal SI joints. We used multivariate models to assess whether articular surface area differed between study participants with and without SI pain. We also assessed the association between morphology type and the presence of pain. Results Sacral and iliac surface areas differ by participant gender. Sacral and iliac surface area was associated with SI joint pain in both men (P = 0.0007) and in women (P = 0.02). In women (P = 0.04), but not in men (P = 0.11), joint shape was associated with pain. Limitations A retrospective study may create potential for misclassification bias if SI joint symptoms/histories were present but not well-documented in the electronic medical record. A lack of clinical standardization in the pre-procedural assessment of SI joint pain via provocative maneuvers (FABER, etc.) is also a limitation. Conclusions Our study provides insight into the association between shape and joint surface area and SI joint pain. Further, prospective studies will allow us to determine the role of joint shape and surface area in the patho-etiology of SI joint pain, and thus provide information for patients and physicians about prevention or treatment. Key words Sacroiliac joint, spine pain, 3D reformation, SI joint area, SI joint shape, SI joint pain syndrome.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Rapid Evidence Review

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic folliculitis affecting intertriginous areas. Onset generally occurs in young adulthood to middle adulthood (18 to 39 years of age). Females and blacks are more than twice as likely to be affected. Additional risk factors include family history, smoking, and obesity. Hidradenitis suppurativa is associated with several comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus and Crohn disease. The clinical presentation of hidradenitis suppurativa ranges from rare, mild inflammatory nodules to widespread abscesses, sinus tracts, and scarring. Quality of life is often affected, and patients should be screened for depression. Treatment includes wearing loose-fitting clothes, losing weight if overweight, and smoking cessation. Topical clindamycin alone can be effective for patients with mild disease. Patients with moderate disease can be treated with oral antibiotics, such as tetracyclines, in addition to topical clindamycin. Adalimumab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor, is effective for patients with moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa. Surgical procedures are often necessary for definitive treatment and include local procedures, such as punch debridement and unroofing/deroofing. Wide excision is indicated for patients with severe, extensive disease and scarring.
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: 2017/2018 in review.

There were 89 articles published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) in 2017, including 76 original research papers, 4 reviews, 5 technical notes, 1 guideline, and 3 corrections. The volume was down slightly from 2017 with a corresponding 15% decrease in manuscript submissions from 405 to 346 and thus reflects a slight increase in the acceptance rate from 25 to 26%. The decrease in submissions for the year followed the initiation of the increased author processing charge (APC) for Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) members for manuscripts submitted after June 30, 2018. The quality of the submissions continues to be high. The 2018 JCMR Impact Factor (which is published in June 2019) was slightly lower at 5.1 (vs. 5.46 for 2017; as published in June 2018. The 2018 impact factor means that on average, each JCMR published in 2016 and 2017 was cited 5.1 times in 2018. Our 5 year impact factor was 5.82. In accordance with Open-Access publishing guidelines of BMC, the JCMR articles are published on-line in a continuus fashion in the chronologic order of acceptance, with no collating of the articles into sections or special thematic issues. For this reason, over the years, the Editors have felt that it is useful for the JCMR audience to annually summarize the publications into broad areas of interest or themes, so that readers can view areas of interest in a single article in relation to each other and contemporaneous JCMR publications. In this publication, the manuscripts are presented in broad themes and set in context with related literature and previously published JCMR papers to guide continuity of thought within the journal. In addition, as in the past two years, I have used this publication to also convey information regarding the editorial process and as a “State of our JCMR.” This is the 12th year of JCMR as an open-access publication with BMC (formerly known as Biomed Central). The timing of the JCMR transition to the open access platform was “ahead of the curve” and a tribute to the vision of Dr. Matthias Friedrich, the SCMR Publications Committee Chair and Dr. Dudley Pennell, the JCMR editor-in-chief at the time. The open-access system has dramatically increased the reading and citation of JCMR publications and I hope that you, our authors, will continue to send your very best, high quality manuscripts to JCMR for consideration. It takes a village to run a journal and I thank our very dedicated Associate Editors, Guest Editors, Reviewers for their efforts to ensure that the review process occurs in a timely and responsible manner. These efforts have allowed the JCMR to continue as the premier journal of our field. This entire process would also not be possible without the dedication and efforts of our managing editor, Diana Gethers. Finally, I thank you for entrusting me with the editorship of the JCMR as I begin my 4th year as your editor-in-chief. It has been a tremendous experience for me and the opportunity to review manuscripts that reflect the best in our field remains a great joy and highlight of my week!
Properties of amorphous iron phosphate in pseudocapacitive sodium ion removal for water desalination

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an energy saving and environmentally friendly technology for water desalination. However, classical CDI is challenged by a low salt removal capacity. To improve the desalination capacity, electrode materials utilizing the battery mechanism for salt ion removal have emerged as a new direction more recently. In this work, we report a study of amorphous iron phosphate (FePO4) as a promising electrode material for pseudocapacitive sodium ion removal. Sodium ions can be effectively, reversibly intercalated and de-intercalated upon its electrochemical reduction and oxidation, with an excellent sodium ion capacity under half-cell testing conditions. By assembling a hybrid CDI (HCDI) system utilizing the FePO4 electrode for pseudocapacitive sodium ion removal and active carbon electrode for capacitive chloride ion removal, the cell exhibited a high salt removal capacity and good reversibility and durability, which was attributed to the advantageous features of amorphous FePO4. The HCDI system achieved a high deionization capacity (82 mg g−1) in 10 mM NaCl, a fast deionization rate (0.046 mg g−1 s−1), and good stability and cyclability.
Combinatorial Approach for Single-Crystalline TaON Growth: Epitaxial β-TaON (100)/α-Al2O3(012)

The photocatalyst β-TaON is of interest due to promising properties, such as stability, suitable band gap for visible light, and carrier mobility. We implemented a combinatorial, material discovery...
Are Item 1A Risk Factors Priced

Public companies report “the most significant factors that make” their common stock ”speculative or risky” in section “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of their annual filings. This paper uses textual analysis to estimate common risks from Item 1A texts and study these risks’ effect on public companies stock returns. I find the textual relevance of common Item 1A risks to the cross-section of firms’ Item 1A texts predicts the cross-section of expected stock returns. A factor portfolio aggregating information about returns from fifty individual Item 1A risks has an average monthly return of 0.97% and a risk adjusted return of 1.06%. Factor portfolios for nineteen individual Item 1A risks have significant average returns. Eighteen individual Item 1A risks provide independent information about stock returns.
CEO compensation and firm performance: The mediating effects of CEO risk taking behaviour

While CEO compensation is seen as influencing firm performance, the intervening mechanisms that govern this influence have remained largely unexplored. Using the agency and expectancy theories, thi...
Eupatorin 3′-O-glucopyranoside, a trimethoxyflavonoid glucoside from the aerial parts of Salvia mellifera

Salvia mellifera, native to California, Baja California, and Mexico, is a medicinal herb traditionally used to relieve pain, body aches, including chronic pain. A detailed phytochemical investigati...
Death by Injustice: Uganda's Anti-Homosexuality Laws, Christian Fundamentalism, and the Politics of Global Power

Across Africa, the persecution of gay people is gaining momentum. Gay people have been denied health care, detained, tortured, and killed. In 2009, the Ugandan parliament drafted The Anti-Homosexuality Bill, which has accrued significant attention, mostly negative, from the international community. However, it seems that any attention, positive or negative, only serves to fan the flames from which the laws were created. Anti-homosexuality laws, both formal and informal, have existed for decades within Uganda, but the current laws being drafted are by far the most formal and comprehensive. This paper will examine the political and religious context in which Uganda’s anti-homosexuality laws were created and discuss some of the present and potential implications of the bill.
Dietary (n-3) Fatty Acids Alter Fatty Acid Composition and Prostaglandin Synthesis in Rat Testis

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)], compared with the long-chain (n-3) fatty acids in fish oil, in suppressing arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)] metabolism in rat testis. Six groups of rats were fed three levels of 18:3(n-3) or fish oil, and the fatty acid composition of testis parenchyma lipids and prostaglandin (PG) I2 synthesis by tunica were determined after 12 wk. Levels of docosapentaenoic acid [22:5(n-6)], the major 22-carbon fatty acid in rat testis lipids, were significantly depressed compared with the control by both linolenic acid and fish oil; however, testis weights were not affected significantly. Arachidonic acid levels also were depressed significantly in testis lipids by dietary (n-3) fatty acids, but the decreases were not as pronounced as those observed in other tissues. The synthesis of PGI2 was significantly reduced compared with the control by (n-3) fatty acid feeding, but there were no differences among the experimental groups. Both 18:3(n-3) and the longer-chain (n-3) fatty acids from fish oil reduce levels of 20:4(n-6) and 22:5(n-6) in testis lipids and the capacity of the tunica to synthesize PGI2, but these fatty acids seem to cause no defect in testicular development as indicated by weight.
Protestant Missionaries as Change Agents in East Africa

This paper examines the relationship between religious beliefs and the role orientations of a sample of Protestant missionaries in East Africa. The findings challenge the theoretical linkages developed by Glock and his associates that doctrinal commitment of the highly orthodox Christians leads them to adopt an other-worldly, miraculous outlook and an antipathy toward this-worldly affairs. On a number of indicators, the respondents were typically aware of and interested in social and political affairs-just the converse of an antipathetic person who sees religious salvation as the only solution to social ills. From this analysis it seems evident that the missionaries embraced the sacred and the secular worlds in a rather harmonious fashion rather than the dichotomized view suggested theoretically.
Polarimetric time-frequency ESPRIT

An ESPRIT (estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques) like algorithm for estimating the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of nonstationary polarized signals is developed. This algorithm relies on the recently introduced spatial polarimetric time-frequency distributions (SPTFD) as a platform to provide low computational, high resolution direction finding. The use of dual polarizations empowers the SPTFD with additional degrees-of-freedom, and improves the robustness of both the signal and noise subspaces. This improvement serves to enhance the DOA estimation, signal recovery, and source separation. In this paper the SPTFD are applied to the ESPRIT algorithm for improved angle-of-arrival estimation. Simulation results are provided which demonstrate the polarimetric time-frequency (PTF) ESPRIT resolution enhancement over the conventional ESPRIT, polarized ESPRIT, and time-frequency ESPRIT.
Use of a fetlock support brace to manage lacerations of equine flexor tendons

Summary A retrospective analysis of 15 cases of flexor tendon lacerations managed with a fetlock support brace between 2004 and 2008 was performed. Information was gathered concerning exact nature of the injury, treatment details and outcome. Limbs involved included 2 forelimbs and 13 hindlimbs. Eight of fifteen horses (53%) presented with a dropped fetlock, elevated toe or both when bearing weight on the affected limb. General anaesthesia was performed on 7/15 cases to further evaluate and treat the wound, 8/15 cases were managed with local anaesthesia and/or sedation only. The brace was applied within 14 days of presentation and maintained for a mean of 106 days. Sixty percent of cases were sound and used as intended and an additional 20% were sound but at a lesser level of work. Horses with flexor tendon lacerations can be managed with a fetlock support brace alone and have a similar outcome with shorter hospitalisation than horses managed by other methods.
Glucocorticoid-inducible expression of a bacterial avirulence gene in transgenic Arabidopsis induces hypersensitive cell death

Pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato carrying the avrRpt2 avirulence gene specifically induce a hypersensitive cell death response in Arabidopsis plants that contain the complementary RPS2 disease resistance gene. Transient expression of avrRpt2 in Arabidopsis plants having the RPS2 gene has been shown to induce hypersensitive cell death. In order to analyze the effects of conditional expression of avrRpt2 in Arabidopsis plants, transgenic lines were constructed that contained the avrRpt2 gene under the control of a tightly regulated, glucocorticoid-inducible promoter. Dexamethasone-induced expression of avrRpt2 in transgenic lines having the RPS2 gene resulted in a specific hypersensitive cell death response that resembled a Pseudomonas syringae-induced hypersensitive response and also induced the expression of a pathogenesis-related gene (PR1). Interestingly, high level expression of avrRpt2 in a mutant rps2-101C background resulted in plant stress and ultimately cell death, suggesting a possible role for avrRpt2 in Pseudomonas syringae virulence. Transgenic RPS2 and rps2 plants that contain the glucocorticoid-inducible avrRpt2 gene will provide a powerful new tool for the genetic, physiological, biochemical, and molecular dissection of an avirulence gene-specified cell death response in both resistant and susceptible plants.
How Do Bone Cells Secrete Proteins

Osteoclasts (OCs), which are the exclusive bone resorbing cells, degrade skeletal matrix by forming an intimate relationship with the bone surface. Thus, when OCs attach to bone, they produce an actin-rich sealing zone representing a gasket-like structure, which isolates the resorptive milieu from the general extracellular space. This “resorptive microenvironment” contains a ruffled border, the unique bone-degrading organelle of the OC, which consists of a complex, villous-like organization of the plasma membrane. This structure appears only in resorbing cells and is the product of signals derived from the bone matrix. These signals polarize as yet undefined acidified vesicles containing the OC vacuolar H+ATPase towards the bone-apposed plasma membrane, into which they insert, thereby increasing its complexity. The ruffled border is thus the most definitive marker of the resorbing osteoclast.
TeV Gamma-Ray Astronomy, Extragalactic Sources

With the detection of Markarian 421 at TeV energies, it is clear that AGN’s are serious candidates for study with ground-based TeV telescopes. The explanation of the TeV emission is a major constraint on source models. The exact point of the cut-off in the observed spectrum has implications for cosmology.
Evaluation of a calcium silicate-based cement as a root reinforcement material for endodontically treated maxillary anterior teeth

Abstract Statement of problem Fractures of endodontically treated teeth have been attributed to weakened tooth structure caused by root canal enlargement and post preparation. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of roots filled with either gutta percha, composite resin (LuxaCore Dual), or calcium silicate-based cement (Biodentine). Material and methods One hundred twenty freshly extracted, human, permanent maxillary anterior teeth were sorted by type and assigned to 1 of 4 groups (n=30). The teeth in group NT were not endodontically treated and served as the control. The teeth in groups GP, LC, and, BD were accessed and instrumented to size 40/06. In group GP, the root canals were completely filled with gutta percha. In groups LC and BD, only the apical 5-mm portion of the root canals was filled with gutta percha, and the remaining portion of the root canals was filled with (LuxaCore Dual) in group LC and with (Biodentine) in group BD. Fracture resistance (kN) was assessed at the middle portion of each root, using a 3-point bending test with a universal testing machine exerting a compressive load on a loading pin at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture occurred. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean root fracture resistance among the 4 groups (α=.05). Results The mean ± SD fracture loads were 2.13 ±0.53 kN for group NT, 1.97 ±0.60 kN for group GP, 2.18 ±0.71 kN for group LC, and 2.22 ±0.54 kN for group BD. No statistically significant differences were found among the 4 groups ( P >.05). Conclusions The roots of endodontically treated maxillary anterior permanent incisors filled with gutta percha, Biodentine, or LuxaCore Dual had resistance to fracture similar to that of teeth that were not endodontically treated.
Specificity of the Tyrosine-Phenylalanine Transport System in Bacillus subtilis

l-Tyrosine and l-phenylalanine enter cells of Bacillus subtilis via a system of active transport that exhibits complex kinetic behavior. The specificity of the transport system was characterized both at low concentrations of transport substrate (where affinity for l-tyrosine or l-phenylalanine is high but capacity is low) and at high concentrations (where affinity is low but capacity is high). Specificity was not found to differ significantly as a function of either l-tyrosine or l-phenylalanine concentration. Kinetic analysis showed that the relationship between the uptake of l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine is strictly competitive. Neither l-tyrosine nor l-phenylalanine uptake was competitively inhibited by other naturally occurring l-amino acids, indicating the importance of the phenyl side chain to uptake specificity. Hence, it is concluded that l-tyrosine and l-phenylalanine are transported by a common system that is specific for these two amino acids. The abilities of analogue derivatives of l-tyrosine and l-phenylalanine to inhibit the uptake of l-[14C]tyrosine and l-[14C]phenylalanine competitively were determined throughout a wide range of substrate and inhibitor concentrations. In this manner, the contributions of the side chain, the α-amino group and the carboxyl group to uptake specificity were established. It is concluded that the positively charged α-amino group contributes more significantly to uptake specificity than does the negatively charged carboxyl group. The recognition of a phenyl ring is an essential feature of specificity; other amino acids with aromatic side chains, such as the indole and imidazole rings of l-tryptophan and l-histidine, do not compete with l-tyrosine and l-phenylalanine for uptake. The presence of the p-hydroxy substitutent in the side chain (as in l-tyrosine) enhances the uptake of the aryl amino acid analogues investigated.
Comparative Studies of the Regeneration of HeLa Cell Receptors for Poliovirus T1 and Coxsackievirus B3

Abstract Enterovirus receptors of live HeLa cells have been shown to reappear after inactivation by proteolytic enzymes, provided the cells are incubated at 37 C in a nutritionally adequate medium. Regeneration of receptor activity for poliovirus T1 occurred at a significantly faster rate than for coxsackievirus B3. The regenerative process for both types of receptors studied evidently required an active process of protein synthesis, since it was found that reappearance of receptor activity was inhibited by streptovitacin A, puromycin, and actinomycin D. Substitution of p-fluorophenylalanine for the naturally occurring amino acid, at concentrations which inhibited virus synthesis, was without effect on regeneration of receptor activity. It is anticipated that these findings will aid in the study of the biosynthesis and subsequent chemical characterization of viral receptors of living host cells.
Studies on the production of O2(a1Δg, υ = 0) and O2(b1Σg+, υ = 0) from collisional removal of O2(A3Σu+, υ′ = 6–10)

[1] Production of two metastable O2 species, O2(a1Δg, υ = 0) and O2(b1Σg+, υ = 0), from collisional removal of O2(A3Σu+) by O2 and N2 is investigated at a temperature of 240 K. A state-selective two-laser technique is used, in which the output of the first laser excites ground-state O2 molecules to a specific vibrational level (6 ≤ υ′ ≤ 10) in the A3Σu+ state, and the output of the second laser subsequently probes the O2(a1Δg, υ = 0) and O2(b1Σg+, υ = 0) populations by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization via the intermediate d1Πg Rydberg state. For the relatively short timescales of our experiment (∼10−4 Torr·s), we find that the O2(a1Δg, υ = 0) quantum yield from collisional removal of O2(A3Σu+, υ′) by O2 is approximately constant for υ′ = 7–9, and decreases by 30–40% for υ′ = 6 and 10. The O2(b1Σg+, υ = 0) yield is nearly constant for υ′ = 8–10, and decreases by about 50% for υ′ = 6 and 7. The eventual O2(a1Δg, υ = 0) and O2(b1Σg+, υ = 0) yields from O2(A3Σu+, υ′ = 8) measured in synthetic air are nearly equal to those measured in pure O2, suggesting that N2 collider does not significantly affect the relaxation pathways leading to the production of the two metastable species. However, at short experimental times the buildup of the O2(a1Δg, υ = 0) population is considerably slower in synthetic air than in O2.
Extending Medicare to Mexico: Impact on Mexican-Born Beneficiaries

There have been a number of research projects conducted over the past 20 years at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs that have looked at the possibility of Medicare covering retirees living in Mexico (Warner, D., & Reed, K. (Proj. Dirs.). (1993). Health Care Across the Border: The Experience of US Citizens in Mexico. U.S. Mexican Policy Studies Program, Policy Report No. 4, LBJ School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin; Warner, D. (Proj. Dir.). (1999). Getting what you paid for: Extending medicare to eligible beneficiaries in Mexico. U.S. Mexican policy studies program, policy report no. 10, LBJ School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin; Warner, D. C., & Jahnke, L. R. (2001). Toward better access to health insurance coverage for U.S. retirees in Mexico, Salud Publica de Mexico, 43(1), Jan.-Feb. 2001, pp. 59–66. Retrieved from http://bvs.insp.mx/rsp/_files/File/2001/vol%2043%201/431_7_towardbetter.pdf; Warner, D. (Proj. Dir.). (2007). Medicare in Mexico: Innovating for Fairness and Cost Savings. Policy Research Project Report No. 156, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin). Although these studies have documented a large number of such retirees for whom emergency coverage in Mexico was of particular concern, there has never been enough interest in Congress to initiate such coverage under Medicare for persons who live in Mexico. Medigap coverage and Medicare Advantage plans (HMOs) often cover emergencies abroad when the emergency takes place in the first 60 days that the beneficiary is abroad, but Medigap plans and Medicare Advantage plans are only available to persons residing in the United States more than half the year. One of the reasons that it has been difficult to find members of Congress willing to promote this idea is that most of them believe that it would affect few of their constituents and that those that it would affect are living abroad and unlikely to vote.
Simultaneous image classification and annotation via biased random walk on tri-relational graph

Image annotation as well as classification are both critical and challenging work in computer vision research. Due to the rapid increasing number of images and inevitable biased annotation or classification by the human curator, it is desired to have an automatic way. Recently, there are lots of methods proposed regarding image classification or image annotation. However, people usually treat the above two tasks independently and tackle them separately. Actually, there is a relationship between the image class label and image annotation terms. As we know, an image with the sport class label rowing is more likely to be annotated with the terms water, boat and oar than the terms wall, net and floor, which are the descriptions of indoor sports. In this paper, we propose a new method for jointly class recognition and terms annotation. We present a novel Tri-Relational Graph (TG) model that comprises the data graph, annotation terms graph, class label graph, and connect them by two additional graphs induced from class label as well as annotation assignments. Upon the TG model, we introduce a Biased Random Walk (BRW) method to jointly recognize class and annotate terms by utilizing the interrelations between two tasks. We conduct the proposed method on two benchmark data sets and the experimental results demonstrate our joint learning method can achieve superior prediction results on both tasks than the state-of-the-art methods.
K-12 Students' Perceptions of Scientists: Finding a valid measurement and exploring whether exposure to scientists makes an impact

This study was launched from a National Science Foundation GK-12 grant in which graduate fellows in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) are placed in classrooms to engage K-12 students in STEM activities. The investigation explored whether the STEM Fellows' presence impacted the K-12 students' stereotypical image of a scientist. Since finding a valid instrument is critical, the study involved (1) determining the validity of the commonly administered Draw-A-Scientist Test (DAST) against a newly designed six-question survey and (2) using a combination of both instruments to determine what stereotypes are currently held by children. A pretest–posttest design was used on 485 students, grades 3–11, attending 6 different schools in suburban and rural Maine communities. A significant but low positive correlation was found between the DAST and the survey; therefore, it is imperative that the DAST not be used alone, but corroboration with interviews or survey questions should occur. Pretest re...
A novel kinetic trap for NO release from cytochrome c': a possible mechanism for NO release from activated soluble guanylate cyclase.

Flash photolysis studies on the five-coordinate heme nitrosyl of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans cytochrome c‘ were carried out to investigate the ramifications of its proximal nitrosyl ligand on NO release. Delta absorbance spectra recorded 5 ms after photolysis indicate that ∼5% of the photolyzed hemes are converted to a five-coordinate high spin ferrous state, revealing that reattachment of the endogenous His ligand is fast enough to trap some of the photolyzed heme. Analysis of NO rebinding suggests that the photolyzed ferrous protein is initially in a strained conformation, which relaxes on a millisecond time scale. The strained ferrous heme appears to contain a significantly labilized Fe−His bond, which allows direct second-order rebinding to the proximal face at high NO-concentrations. In contrast, the NO-binding properties of the relaxed conformation are similar to those previously observed in stopped-flow studies, which showed that a five-coordinate heme-nitrosyl is formed via a six-coordinate intermedi...
Crystal structure and Mössbauer effect study of evuiatomic (Sc,Y,Ln)-Co-(Si,Ge,Sn) ternary compounds (Ln Gd — Tm, Lu)

Abstract Crystallographic and Mossbauer effect studies have been made on the ternary compounds (Sc,Y,Ln)-Co-(Si,Ge,Sn) which have the TiNiSi-type structure. x-ray analysis shows that the a parameter rises steeply compared with the change in the b and c parameters; this behavior is attributed to the presence of continuous vigvag chains of lanthanide atoms in the a direction. From the calculation of the interatomic distances in DyCoSn, it was inferred that the electron sharing between cobalt and tin may be a dominant factor in controlling the stability of the TiNiSi-type structure. The 119Sn Mossbauer spectra of all the compounds are fitted in terms of either a symmetrical or a slightly asymmetrical vuadrupole doublet. The isomer shift of the compounds decreases from 1.81 mm s−1 for TbCoSn to 1.75 mm s−1 for LuCoSn. Such a decrease is consistent with the lanthanide contraction.
Influence of negative pressure on thermoelectric properties of Sb2Te3

Abstract We investigated the influence of negative pressure on the electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and the power factor of Sb 2 Te 3 . We performed first-principles calculations with the linearized-augmented plane-wave method considering negative hydrostatic pressure in the range from zero to −2 GPa and doping for electrons and holes up to 10 20 cm −3 . Our results predict a significant increase of the Seebeck coefficient and the power factor under negative pressure for certain doping concentrations.
A New Hippocampal Model for Examining Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Related Neuronal Death Effects of Deferoxamine on Hemoglobin-Induced Neuronal Death

Background and Purpose— There is an urgent need to develop a model in which to study the mechanism of intracerebral hemorrhage-induced neuronal death in vivo. Methods— This study was divided into 2 parts: (1) Rats received either an infusion of hemoglobin, ferrous iron, or saline into the right hippocampus; (2) Rats had an infusion of hemoglobin and then were treated with either deferoxamine or vehicle. Rats were killed for hippocampus size, DNA damage, and neuronal death measurements. Results— Compared with saline, hemoglobin or iron injection caused hippocampal neuronal death. Systemic use of deferoxamine reduced hemoglobin-induced DNA damage, hippocampal neuronal death, and atrophy. Conclusions— This article demonstrates a new model and indicates that iron has a key role in hemoglobin–induced neuronal death.
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE EXPRESSION OF ASIALOCLYCOPROTE IN RECEPTOR AND CIRCULATING DESIALYLATED CLYOPROTEINS IN THE DEVELOPING RAT

Previous studies investigating the biological activity of the asialoglycoprotoin receptor have demonstrated its importance in the clearance of desialylated glycoproteins from the circulatin. The present study examined the possible physiological role of the receptor during the development in the rat. Fetuses of individual pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were removed at day 18 to 22 of gestation. Livers and sera were collected. Newborn rates were sacrificed at 1 to 10 days of life and their livers and sera were collected. Adult rats were used as a control group. Total post-nuclei membrane vesicles were prepared from the liver using the sucrose gradient method. Quantitation of the ASCR levels in the membranes was performed using the western method. The quantiation of the serum desialylated glycoproteins was performed using a modified western blot protocol employing radiodinated ricinus communis lectin (RCA 1). Results: The ASGR levels were very low in the fetus increasing dramatically after birth and reaching the adult levels after the first week of life. In contrast the abundance of the serum desialylated glycoproteins in the serum presented an opposite developmental pattern. High levels were demonstrated in the fetuses decreasing three fold around the time of birth reaching the adult levels in the first days of life. Further the pattern of the desialylated glycoproteins was observed to change during development. These results suggest a direct relation between the level of ASGR and the circulating desialylated glycoproteins during development.
Retroactive inhibition and extended recall time

Subjects learned a single A-B or successive A-B, A-C lists and were then tested for recall of the first-list materials after 1 week. In the MMFR conditions a typical MMFR task was administered. In the extended conditions Ss were allowed 1 week to try to recall the materials. Both recall techniques produced significant RI. Ss in the extended conditions were able to recall a significant number of additional items during the week provided for recall. In agreement with the contention that competition has little effect upon recall, and in contrast to the assumption that extended recall might allow for the dissipation of competition effects, equal amounts of RI were obtained with the two recall techniques.
Typical variations of subthalamic electrode location do not predict limb motor function improvement in Parkinson’s disease

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective treatment for patients with medically refractory Parkinson's disease (PD). The degree to which the anatomic location of the DBS electrode tip determines the improvement of contralateral limb movement function has not been defined. This retrospective study was performed to address this issue. Forty-two DBS electrode tips in 21 bilaterally implanted patients were localized on postoperative MRI. The postoperative and preoperative planning MRIs were merged with the Stealth FrameLink 4.0 stereotactic planning workstation (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) to determine the DBS tip coordinates. Stimulation settings were postoperatively optimized for maximal clinical effect. Patients were videotaped 1 year postoperatively and assessed by a movement disorder neurologist blinded to electrode tip locations. The nine limb-related components of the Unified PD Rating Scale Part III were tabulated to obtain a limb score, and the electrode tip locations associated with the 15 least and 15 greatest limb scores were evaluated. Two-tailed t-tests revealed no significant difference in electrode tip location between the two groups in three-dimensional distance (p=0.759), lateral-medial (x) axis (p=0.983), anterior-posterior (y) axis (p=0.949) or superior-inferior (z) axis (p=0.894) from the intended anatomical target. The range of difference in tip location and limb scores was extensive. Our results suggest that anatomic targeting alone may provide the same clinical efficacy as is achieved by "fine-tuning" DBS placement with microelectrode recording to a specific target.
Human cornea: Oxygen uptake immediately following graded deprivation

Amicropolarographic system was used to measure the flux ofoxygen crossing the tear epithelial interface of thehuman cornea just following stabilized exposure to eight oxygen atmospheres ranging from 0% to 20.9%. In all, 336 measurements were made on the corneas of seven young healthy subjects. The rate coefficients of their immediate postexposure oxygen uptakes were found to increase nearly linearly over the atmospheric range of 20.9% (air) down to about 1.5%. Below that level, however, a marked increase in the immediaterecovery rate coefficient occurred, suggesting that at least two oxygen demand phases can be distinguished for the aerobically dependent pathways of the cornea.
J/ψ production in a gluon plasma produced in Au–Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Abstract Centrality dependence of J / ψ production in Au–Au collisions at s NN =200 GeV is studied using the Glauber model plus the kinetic formation model. Initial J / ψ production and destruction by incoming nucleons are described by the Glauber model. J / ψ -charm equilibration in the gluon plasma is described by the kinetic formation model. We explore the possibility of J / ψ suppression suggested by the recent PHENIX data. We show that the J / ψ yield monotonically decreases with increasing centrality in the kinetic formation model when the charm mass is smaller than a critical mass. The final J / ψ yield is between the value after the Glauber suppression and the dynamical equilibrium value. This underscores the importance of both J / ψ production from d –Au collisions, which is essential in determining the Glauber suppression, and high statistics Au–Au data, which can further constrain final state J / ψ -charm equilibration.
The synthesis of (±)-pyrenolide C using the oxazole-singlet oxygen reaction. Assignment of stereochemistry.

Abstract Pyrenolide C has been synthesized for the first time using an oxazole template to construct the framework of the ten-membered unsaturated lactone system. The stereochemical assignment, based on the mode of synthesis, has been confirmed by NMR studies.
A Routing Algorithm Using the Nearest-Neighbor Concept

The design of routes for delivery or assembly of goods or people and the associated problem of vehicle scheduling is a relatively new problem to be tackled by operations researchers although it has vexed decision makers in the business world since the invention of the delivery vehicle. The salient feature of the problem is that of finding the leastcost paths emanating from and terminating at a warehouse or depot over which one or more vehicles are to traverse in serving each of n customers. This is by no means a trivial problem given the service-oriented nature of today's economy, the congestion on highways and streets, and the present energy situation. Further, it is not easily resolved with traditional techniques of the operations researcher because of its "combinatorial" nature (see Hallberg and Kriebel). The first researchers to tackle this problem appear to have been Garvin, Crandall, John, and Spellman. Their approach, however, relied on the use of linear programming which is not known to be particularly efficient (if feasible at all even with modern-sized computers) at solving "combinatorial" problems. They were able to generate optimal solutions, but only for routing problems of a size that had no practical significance. This work spurred others to investigate the problem and led to the work of Clarke and Wright, who developed a simple but effective heuristic approach that has proven in a variety of applications to yield "good," although not necessarily "optimal," solutions to routing problems of a practical size.' In a recent application, we have isolated problems having certain unique characteristics for which the Clarke-Wright technique will often produce unacceptable (and clearly nonoptimal) results. While several authors have suggested modifications to improve upon the Clarke-Wright technique (see the review articles by Turner, Ghare, and Fourds, and by Golden, Magnanti, and Nguyen), none have dealt with the specific problem encountered here. In this paper we describe the nature of these u iquely structured problems, and outline a modification of the Clarke-Wright method which mainains the integrity of the basic procedure, ensures better (more nearly optimal) solutions for the class of problems described, and ensures no worse solutions for routing problems that do not have the structure of those described here.
Calcium carbonate equilibria in aqueous solutions open to the air. I. The solubility of calcite in relation to ionic strength

Abstract The solubility of calcite was determined in distilled water, and in solutions containing NaCl, NaHCO 3 and CaCl 2 alone or in certain combinations, at temperatures near 25° and partial pressures of CO 2 in the range normal for the atmosphere. The effect of ionic strength on the solubility was found in close accord with Debye-Huckel theory.
Effects of Shoreline Armoring on Beach Wrack Subsidies to the Nearshore Ecotone in an Estuarine Fjord

The ecological significance of algal and seagrass wrack subsidies has been well-documented for exposed-coast sandy beaches but is relatively unstudied in lower-energy and mixed-sediment beaches. In marine nearshore environments where beaches are fringed with riparian vegetation, the potential for reciprocal subsidies between marine and terrestrial ecosystems exists. Within the marine-terrestrial ecotone, upper intertidal “wrack zones” accumulate organic debris from algae, seagrass, and terrestrial plant sources and provide food and shelter for many organisms. Human modification also occurs within this ecotone, particularly in the form of armoring structures for bank stabilization that physically disrupt the connectivity between ecosystems. We conducted detailed wrack and log surveys in spring and fall over 3 years at 29 armored–unarmored beach pairs in Puget Sound, WA, USA. Armoring lowered the elevation of the interface between marine and terrestrial ecosystems and narrowed the width of the intertidal transition zone. Armored beaches had substantially less wrack overall and a lower proportion of terrestrial plant material, while marine riparian zones (especially trees overhanging the beach) were an important source of wrack to unarmored beaches. Armored beaches also had far fewer logs in this transition zone. Thus, they lacked biogenic habitat provided by logs and riparian wrack as well as the organic input used by wrack consumers. Results such as these that demonstrate armoring-associated loss of connectivity across the marine-terrestrial ecotone may be useful in informing conservation, restoration, and management actions.
A procedure for specifically selecting temperature sensitive mutants of tobacco mosaic virus

A procedure is described that permits the selection of functionally deficient, temperature sensitive mutants of tobacco mosaic virus based upon the time of local lesion formation on the appropriate host plant.