cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequential use of methotrexate, folinic acid, and cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of acute leukemia.

Abstract Methotrexate, folinic acid and cytosine arabinoside were used in sequence over 48 hr in 12 courses of treatment in 3 patients with lymphoblastic and 2 with myelomonoblastic leukemia, all of whom had become resistant to conventional chemotherapy, in an attempt to develop a means of synchronizing and/or recruiting blast cells for more effective chemotherapeutic effect. Three patients had partial, and two had complete remissions. Serial marrow specimens were studied. Methotrexate in vivo and in vitro blocked de novo DNA synthesis; most patients had a compensatory increase in the salvage pathway. The labeling index was unchanged or increased by methotrexate in vivo , and the mitotic index was markedly decreased. Folinic acid “rescue” incompletely restored de novo DNA synthesis but usually increased the labeling index. Cytosine arabinoside then markedly decreased the labeling index. The recovery of labeling and mitotic indices to pretreatment levels took 1–8 days after treatment. These studies demonstrate the biochemical, cellular kinetic and clinical feasibility of this approach to therapy.
Rotational level competition in CO 2 lasers

Competition effects between rotational levels of the rotation-vibration band of CO 2 at 10.6 μ have been investigated in both traveling-wave and standing-wave CO 2 lasers operated in a single mode and single frequency. In a ring laser, Doppler shift and gain proportionality as a function of gas flow can be used to generate a gain anisotropy as a function of frequency so that the ring laser operates as a unidirectional oscillator. Over a narrow frequency interval, two rotational levels can be made to oscillate with oppositely directed traveling waves with an intensity crossover between the two Doppler centers. In this way, a discriminant can be derived that allows frequency stabilization to 5 parts in 1012in frequency. In standing-wave lasers of high-frequency stability, the rotational level competition can be observed by synchronous detection of a low-frequency variation of the heterodyne beat frequency signal of two lasers. The competition effects are due to intensity-dependent anomalous dispersion arising from saturation.
Neutron total cross section for tritium

The neutron total cross sections for hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium have been measured with the neutron-time-of-flight technique. The tritium data span the neutron energy range from 60 keV to 80 MeV, with an overall systematic uncertainty which varies from 0.5% for energies below 17 MeV to 2% at the highest energy measured; the statistical uncertainties exceed these values only below 200 keV and above 7 MeV. The three-mole high-pressure gas samples were nearly isotopically pure. Excellent agreement is found with accepted cross sections for hydrogen and deuterium, and with previous Van de Graaff measurements for tritium except at the lowest-energy point at 290 keV. A minimum in the cross section near 600 keV (with a rise at lower energy) is newly observed. The cross section in the heretofore unexplored energy region between 7 and 14 MeV exhibits no structure, and thus no evidence for the existence of a bound four-neutron state. The extrapolated zero-energy cross section is found to be 1.70 +- 0.03 b, in sharp disagreement with previous thermal-energy observations, but in agreement with calculations which also yield the currently accepted coherent scattering length 3.73 fm. Agreement with a prediction from an analysis of p-/sup 3/He data is withinmore » 1% at the resonance peak near 3.5 MeV, but the data differ from this prediction by as much as 6% at lower and higher energies. Thus, within the framework of a suitable theoretical analysis, the present data might provide a measure of the departure from charge symmetry of the nuclear force.« less
Reentrant and nonreentrant forms of atrio-ventricular nodal tachycardia mimicking atrial fibrillation.

A-V Nodal Tachycardia Mimicking AF. Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) manifests disorganized atrial activity and irregular R-R intervals on electrocardiogram (ECG). Variation in R-R intervals can also be seen with other supraventricular tacyhcardias that may mimic AF. Objective: We report our observations on three patients who were referred to our center to undergo pulmonary vein (PV) isolation for erroneously diagnosed AF in the setting of dual atrio-ventricular (AV) nodal pathways manifesting as AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and/or double response during sinus rhythm. Methods and Results: These three subjects (two females) were derived from a group of 456 consecutive patients undergoing AF ablation at our center over a 3-year period. All three patients had been symptomatic for over 2 years, having failed two or more antiarrhythmic medications. In each case AF was initially diagnosed on ECG and/or recordings from ambulatory monitoring. However, in all three cases the correct diagnosis was established during the invasive electrophysiologic study. In one patient during the stimulation protocol, two narrow complex tachycardias were serially induced (cycle lengths: 305 and 360 msecs; VA time: 60 and 240 msecs). The latter was confirmed to be atypical AVNRT and during this tachycardia, block in upper pathway was observed. In the other two patients, sinus rhythm with repetitive runs of double response and isolated junctional beats were observed in the absence of retrograde conduction. Successful slow pathway modification was performed in each subject and all three patients have remained arrhythmia free over a mean follow-up of 31 ± 16 months off antiarrhythmic medications. Conclusions: AF can be erroneously diagnosed in patients with dual AV nodal pathways manifesting double response and/or AVNRT. Incorporating a stimulation protocol as a part of the AF ablation procedure may help in diagnosing these rare clinical presentations that can be cured by slow pathway modification alone.
Clinical Applications of Auto Indirect Ophthalmoscopy

A phakic eye that has undergone vitrectomy and gas-fluid exchange produces a real, inverted aerial image anterior to the cornea similar to that produced by a lens for indirect ophthalmoscopy. This image can be used during surgery to perform a variety of maneuvers that would otherwise require a contact prism, high-minus contact lens, or handheld indirect ophthalmoscope lens. Applications of auto indirect ophthalmoscopy include visualization of the retina and vitreous during endophotocoagulation and while using a vitreous cutter.
A mass spectrometric study of noncovalent gas phase interaction of staphylococcal nucleases with 5′-nucleoside phosphate inhibitors

Abstract A series of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectral studies of noncovalent gas phase complexes of staphylococcal nucleases (SNases) and tailored SNase mutants with 5′-nucleoside phosphate inhibitors are reported. Both quadrupole ion trap (IT) and external source Fourier transform mass spectrometers (FTMS) were used to obtain low and high resolution results, respectively. It is concluded that competitive binding comparisons are possible with FTMS, but not quadrupole IT mass analysis, due to the need for the high resolving power provided by the FTMS mass analyzer. It is found that SNase–inhibitor complexes can be observed. In contrast to previous solution studies and X-ray crystallography results, the gas phase complexes do not contain Ca ions.
Electrical conduction through compound semiconductor wafer bonded interfaces

Abstract The recent introduction of a family of very high-efficiency transparent-substrate (TS) ( Al x Ga 1 −x ) 0.5 In 0.5 P GaP LEDs was made possible by the development of advanced compound semiconductor wafer bonding techniques, including techniques for producing wafer bonded interfaces that exhibit low-resistance ohmic electrical conduction. These LEDs are fabricated by selectively removing the GaAs substrate from an absorbing substrate (AS) ( Al x Ga 1 − x ) 0.5 In 0.5 P GaAs LED wafer and replacing it with a transparent GaP wafer. The resulting TS LED lamps are twice as efficient as the original AS LED lamps (luminous flux and power efficiency) due to the improved light extraction resulting from the transparent GaP substrate, and to the low electrical resistance of the wafer-bonded interface. Techniques for fabricating these low-resistance compound semiconductor wafer-bonded interfaces will be discussed, as well as results of electrical evaluations and microscopic examinations of the wafer-bonded interfaces.
Membranes which pump

Carrier-containing membranes which can pump a specific ion from a region of low concentration into a region of high concentration have been constructed. This pumping is a large effect, proportional to the amount of carrier present. The main requirement for this type of transport is that the carrier react competitively with two simultaneously diffusing solutes. One solute is pumped; the second supplies the energy for the pumping. A theory based on the assumption that the two carrier reactions are fast predicts that the amount pumped is proportional to the carrier concentration, that the pumping stops when the concentration gradient of the energy supplying solute reaches zero, and that the effect goes through a maximum when the solubility in the membrane of the solute being pumped decreases. These predictions are in agreement with experimental results for sodium transport across membranes containing a variety of carriers, including stearic acid, lecithin, and monensin.
Wind Stress Simulations and the Equatorial Momentum Budget in an AGCM

Abstract A detailed examination of the atmospheric momentum budget over the equatorial Pacific and its relation to oceanic wind stresses is undertaken using the results of a 20-yr (1979–99), forced-SST, AGCM experiment. The results show that free-tropospheric pressure gradients play a significant role in forcing boundary layer flow in the model. In particular, the time-mean and interannual variability of wind stress at the surface is found to be dominated by forcing from the free troposphere. The NCEP reanalyses from 1979–99 are also examined and a similar result is found, although the relative importance of this free-tropospheric forcing is somewhat higher in the model. The seasonal cycle of free-tropospheric forcing in the model is found to be substantially stronger in the model than in the reanalysis, and that has a clearly negative impact on the simulated seasonal cycle of surface wind stresses. In the model, these free-tropospheric pressure gradients are not balanced by turbulent stresses or other di...
Knowledge acquired from learning : procedural cognition and its declarative cognizance

62 college students articulated the procedural cognition acquired during successful learning of both original and reversal-shifts of the discrimination-reversal learning task. Articulations formed a four-level hierarchy of “declarative cognizance” (defined as correct articulation of reinforcement contingencies) as follows: Level 1 having no declarative cognizance, Level 2 of perceptually based cognizance, Level 3 of concrete-rule-based cognizance, and Level 4 of abstract-rule-based cognizance. The plausibility of this cognitive hierarchy is enhanced by observations that increasingly higher levels of declarative cognizance are associated with increasingly faster learning. Mon-tare's 1983 and 1988 concepts of primary and secondary signalization are invoked to account for the learning processes underlying these examples of procedural cognition and the hierarchy of declarative cognizance.
A subacute toxicity study of N-(2-mercaptoethyl) benzenesulfonamide S-(O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate) and phthalimidomethyl-O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate with Japanese quail.

A 5-week toxicologic study of two organophosphate pesticides, Betasan® and Imidan®, was conducted with the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Betasan did not adversely affect body-weight maintenance, egg production, or brain cholinesterase at the dietary levels used in this study. Egg hatchability was markedly reduced at the 1000-ppm dietary level, but fertility was unaffected. Whole blood cholinesterase was significantly inhibited at 100 ppm, but recovered during a 2-week posttreatment period. Imidan adversely affected feed consumption, body-weight maintenance, and egg production at 1000 ppm. Whole blood cholinesterase was markedly inhibited at 100 ppm. Marginal inhibition of brain cholinesterase occurred in females fed the 100-ppm level, and the enzyme was significantly inhibited in both sexes at 1000 ppm. Normal or near normal activity of the inhibited enzymes was attained during a 2-week recovery period. The Japanese quail is a feasible and practical tool for toxicologic investigations of pesticides. Problems encountered during this study are discussed in relation to further considerations of the species as a laboratory animal for investigating the hazards of agricultural chemicals to wildlife.
Methadone dose and treatment outcome

Abstract Consensus on the optimal dosing of methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence has not yet been achieved, with some programs committed to low dose regimens. This paper presents outcome results for 95 opioid abusers who remained in treatment through a stable dosing period in a double-blind fixed dose clinical trial comparing the relative efficacies of 50 (n = 44) and 20 mg (n = 34) of methadone to methadone-free treatment (n = 17). All patients showed improvements over time on measures of psychosocial functioning and psychological symptoms, emphasizing the important role of non-pharmacologic factors in methadone treatment. Furthermore, orderly dose effect relationships were seen, with patients receiving 50 mg of methadone having significantly lower rates of opioid positive urines (36% vs. 60–73%), and self-reporting a lower frequency of heroin use (3 days vs. 11–12 days per month). These results illustrate the dose-related efficacy of methadone in decreasing illicit opioid use and improving drug-related behavior.
Estimating Functional Forms with Special Reference to Agriculture: Discussion

It is often said that a good design adheres to the adage "form follows function." By definition, if we are discussing functional forms, we must be doing things right. In my discussion, three principles will be used to judge the merits of functional forms in economic analysis: (a) it must be flexible enough to describe behavior; (b) it should accommodate microeconomic theory; and (c) it should be rather parsimonious with readily interpretable results and ease of econometric implementation. I will argue that in many cases flexible (including the Fourier) forms win hands down on the first principle but are less satisfying on the latter two principles.
First and Second Order Raman Studies of Composition and Structural Ordering in Hg1−xCdxTe

The effects of alloy fluctuations, defect densities, and short-range clustering on the resonance behavior of first and second order LO and TO Raman scattering are studied in Hg1−xCdxTe (MCT). X-values between 0.20 and 0.32 and photon energies from 2.35 to 2.7 eV were used with samples prepared by a wide range of techniques--LPE, MOCVD, MBE, bulk growth, and pulsed laser annealing. We examine the resonance behavior of the HgTe-like TO mode at ~120 cm−1 and the mode at 133 cm−1, which has been identified as originating from the preferential clustering of 3 Hg and 1 Cd about the Te. We find that the intensity of this peak for various bulk and epitaxially grown samples is unusually large only near the E1 resonance. Pulsed laser annealing with a Nd:YAG-pumped dye laser strongly suppresses this mode in all samples suggesting that extremely rapid epitaxial regrowth may inhibit the 3:1 cluster formation. In addition, the resonance-enhanced LO overtones are suppressed by the pulsed laser anneal.
Pair-wise range image registration: a study in outlier classification

In this paper, we present a robustness study on several popular techniques for performing fine registration of partially overlapping 2.5D range image pairs, with a focus on model building. In our first set of tests, we qualitatively evaluate the output of several iterative closest point (ICP) variants on real-world data. Our second set of tests expands to include additional ICP variants and an implementation of Chen and Medioni's point-to-plane minimizing algorithm. These tests evaluate quantitatively how well these algorithm variants are able to correct initial simulated rigid rotation and translation errors. The aim of these variants in both sets of tests is to classify as outliers particular point pairs containing vertices outside of the region of overlap of the two range images. In addition to testing these variants with different parameter settings, we also study how performing topologically uniform subsampling of the meshes affects the registration quality.
Sex steroid binding protein (SBP) in dog plasma

A specific sex steroid-binding protein (SBP) is demonstrated in the plasma of mongrel dogs. For mature females (5 yrs old) the equilibrium constants of association Ka) at 4° are 1.44 ± 0.26 × 108 M−1 for 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)∥, 4.20 ± 2.90 × 1 07 M−1 for testosterone (T), and 7.72 ± 5.29 × 106 M−1 for oestradiol-17β (E2). For mature males, the Ka for DHT is 1.22 ± 0.34 × 108 M−1. Elefctrophore in 5%, polyacrylamide gels containing [3H]-DHT showed the presence of an active molecular species with RF 0.32. Dehydroepiandrosterone. oestrone, androstenedione, progesterone, and cortisol do not significantly compete with DHT for the steroid binding site. The rate constant of DHT dissociation at 4°C is 0.009s−1 (t12 = 77s)f. The concentration of SBP (μg DHT bound/100 ml plasma. mean ± S.D.) in mature females (9.0 ± 1.3) is significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in mature males (6.2 ± 0.8). No sex difference was observed in immature dogs, the values are in the range of mature females (8.7 ± 1.4 for males and 8.2 ± 0.4 for females). The results indicate that the dog should be a valuable animal model for studying the physiological rote of SBP.
Effects of thermal transport properties on temperature distribution within silicon wafer

A combined conduction and radiation heat transfer model was used to simulate the heat transfer within wafer and investigate the effect of thermal transport properties on temperature non-uniformity within wafer surface. It is found that the increased conductivities in both doped and undoped regions help reduce the temperature difference across the wafer surface. However, the doped layer conductivity has little effect on the overall temperature distribution and difference. The temperature level and difference on the top surface drop suddenly when absorption coefficient changes from 104 to 103 m−1. When the absorption coefficient is less or equal to 103 m−1, the temperature level and difference do not change much. The emissivity has the dominant effect on the top surface temperature level and difference. Higher surface emissivity can easily increase the temperature level of the wafer surface. After using the improved property data, the overall temperature level reduces by about 200 K from the basis case. The results will help improve the current understanding of the energy transport in the rapid thermal processing and the wafer temperature monitor and control level.
Anomalous ion-exchange characteristics of some poly-nuclear metal ions

Abstract In ion-exchange processes, preferred components exhibit favorable or linear isotherms especially at trace concentrations. In accordance with chromatographic theories, preferred components also give rise to self-sharpening type breakthroughs during fixed-bed column runs barring mass-transfer limitations. No general exception to this rule has been reported in the literature. This study identifies a series of industrially important polynuclear metal ions which would violate the foregoing principles in ion exchange systems. The underlying reasons for such anomalous characteristics have been discussed with particular emphasis on chromate and molybdate ion exchange.
S1 nuclease of Aspergillus oryzae: Characterization of the associated phosphomonoesterase activity

Abstract S 1 nuclease (EC 3.1.30.1) of Aspergillus oryzae was found to catalyze the hydrolysis of 2′- or 3′-phosphomonoester groups from several mono- and oligonucleotides. The specificity of the enzyme for mononucleotide substrates was determined by steady-state kinetic measurements at pH 4.5. The values of V were similar for all ribonucleoside 3′-phosphates tested, and they were 50–400 times greater than those for the corresponding deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleoside 2′-phosphates. Purine nucleotides had lower apparent K m values than pyrimidine nucleotides. Apparent K m values of mononucleotides were also strongly dependent on the type of sugar and the positions of phosphoryl groups. Substrate specificity, as expressed by V K m , occurred in the following order: ribonucleoside 3′,5′-bisphosphate > ribonucleoside 3′-phosphate > deoxyribonucleoside 3′,5'-bisphosphate > deoxyribonucleoside 3′-phosphate ≈ ribonucleoside 2′-phosphate. S 1 nuclease also catalyzed the dephosphorylation of the dinucleotide ApAp at a high rate and the release of PP i from adenosine 3′-diphosphate 5′-phosphate at a low rate. The phosphomonoesterase activity of the enzyme was competitively inhibited by single-stranded DNA and 5′-nucleotides. Apparent K i values for adenosine compounds occurred in the order ATP 1 nuclease for phosphotransferase activity at pH 4.5 and 7.0 were negative.
Identification of RAPD markers associated with the presence of B chromosomes in maize

DNA isolated from Black Mexican sweet maize populations segregating for the presence of B chromosomes was used for PCR amplifications of 320 RAPD primers. Seventeen primers produced detectable polymorphisms between populations known to carry B chromosomes and populations devoid of B chromosomes. To ensure that the primers which generated a polymorphic band were indeed identifying B chromosomes, five Arizona Indian corn populations, three tetraploid corn populations and two High Loss corn lines differing in their B chromosome composition were analysed. Four primers were selected to screen these maize populations. Root tip counts were performed on the lines to confirm the association of the RAPD markers to the presence of B chromosomes.
Calibration of Infrared Gas Analyzers for CO 2 : Mathematical Model and Experimental Results

Response curves of CO2 were determined for Beckman ir gas analyzers (models 215 and 315A) by adding small, measured amounts of CO2 to a large volume of circulating N2. We deduce a mathematical model for the response curves, estimate their parameters from our data, and comment on the role of this model in computer processing of masses of data resulting from such instruments. Close agreement between our experimental and theoretical results suggest that our model and approach should apply to similar instruments.
Postsecular Sensibility: Sacralization and Principled Distance

L’insertion de l’eternal dans le temporal, du spiritual dans le corporel, dans le charnel. Charles Peguy (1910)Before the First World War, Georg Lukacs ruminated about how a soul might express itse...
Intra-QRS spectral changes accompany ST segment changes during episodes of myocardial ischemia

Abstract Background Coronary artery disease and myocardial ischemia cause substantial morbidity and mortality. While ischemia is traditionally diagnosed on the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) by shifts in the ST segment, electrical changes are also produced within the QRS complex during depolarization of ischemic ventricular tissue, though these are often of small amplitude and can be missed in traditional ECG analysis. We explore the utility of an easily implemented spectral analysis method for detecting intra-QRS changes during episodes of myocardial ischemia, using Holter recordings from the European ST-T database. Methods Time-frequency distributions of QRS complexes from each recording were computed using the continuous wavelet transform. Indices corresponding to frequency content of four overlapping frequency bands were computed: F1 (24–35 Hz), F2 (30–45 Hz), F3 (40–60 Hz), and F4 (50–80 Hz). Values of these indices were compared during annotated episodes of ST change and during a baseline during the recording. Results Marked changes in intra-QRS frequency content were identified during ischemia, grouped by ECG lead analyzed. In lead III, a pronounced and statistically significant increase in the highest frequency sub-bands (F3 and F4) was consistently observed. Analysis of anterior precordial leads also showed significant increases in F4. Conclusions Intra-QRS time-frequency analysis using the continuous wavelet transform can identify a spectral signature corresponding to myocardial ischemia in the range 24–80 Hz. Intra-QRS spectral analysis has the potential for many clinical applications.
Nuclear structure and chromosomal individuality. Somatic and germ nuclei of the rat

1. Reconstruction of daughter nuclei in both somatic and germ cells of the rat is by the formation of chromosomal vesicles. The vesicles become contiguous and round off to form the spherical resting nucleus, but there is no fusion of vesicles, as evidenced by the persistence of the linin sheaths of the chromosomes. 2. The linin sheaths of the chromosomal vesicles can be seen in all resting nuclei of the rat, except in rapidly dividing cells that contain sufficient chromatin to obscure them. 3. These same sheaths can be traced well into the prophase, persisting even after the chromosomes are fully formed. 4. It is indicated that reconstruction of daughter nuclei by vesiculation or alveolization of contiguous chromosomes may be of much wider occurrence than has heretofore been thought. 5. Both plasmasome and chromatin nucleolus have the same origin. They arise from the chromosomes in the telophase. Achromatization of the chromatin nucleolus leaves the plasmasome as a residue. 6. The reticulum of each vesicle forms a unit. It is considered to be a single substance. 7. This account constitutes an extension of the direct evidence for genetic chromosomal continuity and is in agreement with the previous work on the bean and frog.
Measurement and prediction of solubilities and diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in starch–water mixtures at elevated pressures

The solubility and diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide in intermediate-moisture starch-water mixtures were determined both experimentally and theoretically at elevated pressures up to 16 MPa at 50 °C. A high-pressure decay sorption system was assembled to measure the equilibrium CO 2 mass uptake by the starch-water system. The experimentally measured solubilities accounted for the estimated swollen volume by Sanchez-Lacombe equation of state (S-L EOS) were found to increase almost linearly with pressure, yielding 4.0 g CO 2 /g starch-water system at 16 MPa. Moreover, CO 2 solubilities above 5 MPa displayed a solubility increase, which was not contributed by the water fraction in the starch-water mixture. The solubilities, however, showed no dependence on the degree of gelatinization (DG) of starch. The diffusion coefficient of CO 2 was found to increase with concentration of dissolved CO 2 , which is pressure-dependent, and decrease with increasing DG in the range of 50-100%. A free-volume-based diffusion model proposed by Areerat was employed to predict the CO 2 diffusivity in terms of pressure, temperature, and the concentration of dissolved CO 2 . S-L EOS was once more used to determine the specific free volume of the mixture system. The predicted diffusion coefficients showed to correlate well with the measured values for all starch-water mixtures.
Contrary to Stereotypes, a Nursing Home Resident Radiates Dignity and Joy

IT CAN BE DIFFICULT TO FIND images of healthy aging. Throughout most of the 20th century, most images of elders have reflected and reinforced a stereotype of advanced age as a time of decline, dependency, and disengagement from life.1 These stereotypes are commonly reinforced by the medical model of care, which emphasizes the hazards, risks, and disabilities associated with aging. This medical model largely determines the organization of nursing homes and influences the health policies aimed at elders. Recently, however, recognition of the deficiencies of the medical model has led to the beginnings of a revolution in long-term care aimed at enhancing the quality of life. The goal of a new culture of healthy aging is to seek life-affirming surroundings to honor and respect elders and those working closely with them.2 Visual sociologist Cathy Stein Greenblat spent 6 weeks photographing elders at Silverado Senior Living, a residential care facility in Escondido, Calif, that specializes in dementia care and embraces the social model of long-term care. Greenblat explains that the special moment shown here was not at all unusual or infrequent at Silverado. Her moving book, Alive with Alzheimer’s, documents how music, dance, mental stimulation, and the supportive relationships among residents, staff, families, children, and pets allow residents to live with much more meaning and vibrancy than many people think is possible for those with dementia.3 The resident shown here, Hanna, was in hospice care at Silverado when this photo was taken, and she died 2 months later. Too ill to join a group session with Heather, the music therapist, she still liked to sing her favorite song, “Sidewalks of New York,” and enjoyed an unscheduled individual session with the musical therapist in the hallway. The young girl who is holding hands and locking eyes with Hanna is the daughter of one of the paid caregivers at Silverado. Not everyone can afford such excellent and supportive care. More than 7 out of 10 people with Alzheimer’s disease continue living at home, where family and friends provide most of the care.4 Sadly, low-income paid caregivers in nursing homes are usually unable to afford for their own families the kind of care they provide for the more privileged people they serve.
Sciatic artery aneurysms: report of three cases and review of the literature.

Abstract Sciatic artery aneurysms (SAAs) develop in a persistent sciatic artery, which is a congenital anomalous continuation of the internal iliac artery and may be the major blood supply to the lower extremity. SAAs may appear clinically with rupture, thrombosis, distal embolization, or compression of the sciatic nerve. We have reviewed our three cases and the literature to delineate those factors that permit correct preoperative diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention. Our three patients (aged 54 to 82 years) appeared with severe ischemia that resulted in above-knee amputations. The literature reveals 21 patients ranging in age from 35 to 84 years (58% were women). Twenty of those patients had operations, one of which resulted in death, and five in above-knee amputations. Unexplained sciatic or buttock pain, or a palpable "pulsating" buttock mass, suggests an SAA. The diagnosis is confirmed by angiography. The recommended treatment is femoropopliteal bypass grafting followed by ligature or percutaneous endovascular thrombosis of the aneurysm. Early diagnosis and correct surgical therapy are the keys to successful management of SAA. (J VASC SURG 1986;4:365-71.)
Interaction of Dietary Aflatoxin With Some Vitamin Deficiencies

Abstract Feeding trials indicated that supplementing a diet adequate in vitamins with a four-fold excess of the National Research Council recommendations for vitamins afforded no protection against the growth inhibitory effect of aflatoxin in chickens. On the other hand, when the combined effects of dietary aflatoxin and vitamin deficiencies were studied the vitamin deficiencies investigated could be divided into three classes. Diets deficient in riboflavin or vitamin D3 made chickens sensitive to levels of aflatoxin normally too small to influence their growth rate. In a diet adequate in vitamin D3, aflatoxin reduced the serum calcium level by 20 percent. The second class of vitamin deficiencies with regard to aflatoxin contained vitamin K3 and vitamin E whose dietary status had no influence on aflatoxicosis as measured by growth rate. The third class was represented by thiamine. A thiamine deficiency had a protective effect against the growth inhibitory effect of dietary aflatoxin. This unexpected protective effect can be rationalized on the basis that aflatoxin inhibits transport of fat from the liver while a thiamine deficiency stimulates fatty acid oxidation.
A semi-automated system for the characterization of NLC accelerating structures

A system for characterizing the phase shift per cell of a long X-band accelerator structure is described. The fields within the structure are perturbed by a small cylindrical metal bead pulled along the axis. A computer controls the bead position and processes the data from a network analyzer connected to the accelerator section. Measurements made on prototype accelerator sections are described, and they are shown to be in good agreement with theory.
Creep deformation of ceramics in four-point bending

Flexural testing was investigated as a method of studying the creep of ceramic materials at elevated temperatures. Three techniques were used to evaluate the steady-state stress exponent: two of them were based on the measurement of the surface curvature of a flexure specimen after testing; the third was based on the more conventional technique of measuring displacement rate as a function of applied load and exposure time. Applied to a grade of commercial vitreous-bonded alumina, the techniques yielded disparate results for the steady-state stress exponent. This discrepancy in results is believed to be a consequence of the fact that ceramics tend to creep more readily in tension than in compression, leading to a shift in the neutral plane for stress and strain in flexural specimens, which results in extended primary creep. A local enhancement of creep under the loading points of the test specimens was observed in the materials tested; this creep enhancement was attributed to contact stresses at the loading points.
The Effect of Transition Planning Participation and Goal-Setting on College Enrollment Among Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorders:

This study used propensity score techniques to assess the relationship between transition planning participation and goal-setting and college enrollment among youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Using data from Waves 1 through 5 of the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2, this study found that 2- or 4-year college enrollment rates were significantly higher among youth with ASDs who participated in transition planning and those who had a primary transition goal of college enrollment. Educational implications are discussed.
Interface Effects on Photocarrier Transport in a-Si:H

We discuss the absorption-length and film thickness dependence of photoconductivity in amorphous silicon using measurements of the ambipolar diffusion length and the Debye screening length.
Effects of infection with Echinostoma paraensei on the circulating haemocyte population of the host snail Biomphalaria glabrata.

Circulating haemocytes from Echinostoma paraensei-infected M line Biomphalaria glabrata snails, or from age- and size-matched control snails, were studied on plastic slides with phase-contrast optics. Granulocytes, hyalinocytes, and round cells were consistently present; granulocytes were further categorized as 'fully spread' (FS) or 'partially spread' (PS). Among control snails, the relative percentage and estimated number/mm3 of round cells declined significantly with increased snail size, and the corresponding values for both categories of granulocytes increased. At 1 day post-infection (p.i.) with E. paraensei, overall composition of the haemocyte population was relatively unaffected, but by 8 days p.i. infected snails had significantly higher relative percentages of round cells and PS granulocytes than controls. Because a marked increase in the number of circulating haemocytes is also evident by 8 days p.i., infected snails had approximately 12 times more round cells and PS granulocytes/mm3 of haemolymph than did controls. At 30 days p.i. the relative and absolute abundance of PS granulocytes was still significantly elevated, but otherwise haemocyte populations did not differ from control snails. Alterations in granulocyte size in infected snails were also noted. Infection with E. paraensei has a striking impact of circulating haemocyte populations and also increases the relative concentration of haemocytes with less ability to adhere to a foreign surface.
Opiate Drug Use: A Potential Contributor to the Endocrine and Metabolic Complications in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease

Endocrine and metabolic abnormalities are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and have been attributed to both the disease and its treatment. Other risk factors and behaviors may also be important. Approximately 28% of new HIV infections occur in users of injection drugs, such as opiates. We focus on the effects of opiates on multiple endocrine systems and their potential to contribute to the metabolic and endocrine problems in HIV. Opiate use has been associated with hypogonadism, adrenal dysfunction, reduced bone mineral density, and growth-hormone abnormalities. In addition, some studies have suggested abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism among opiate users. Although much of the evidence should be viewed as preliminary, these potential abnormalities should be kept in mind when treating opiate-dependent patients infected with HIV.
El "Teatro quimérico" de Leopoldo Lugones. Una valoración del género dramático en el Modernismo

Analysis and interpretation of Leopoldo Lugones´s “Teatro Quimerico” in the context of the theatrical genre in Modernismo .
Extreme late-summer drought causes neutral annual carbon balance in southwestern ponderosa pine forests and grasslands

We assessed the impacts of extreme late-summer drought on carbon balance in a semi-arid forest region in Arizona. To understand drought impacts over extremes of forest cover, we measured net ecosystem production (NEP), gross primary production (GPP), and total ecosystem respiration (TER) with eddy covariance over five years (2006‐10) at an undisturbed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest and at a former forest converted to grassland by intense burning. Drought shifted annual NEP from a weak source of carbon to the atmosphere to a neutral carbon balance at the burned site and from a carbon sink to neutral at the undisturbed site. Carbon fluxes were particularly sensitive to drought in August. Drought shifted August NEP at the undisturbed site from sink to source because the reduction of GPP (70%) exceeded the reduction of TER (35%). At the burned site drought shifted August NEP from weak source to neutral because the reduction of TER (40%) exceeded the reduction of GPP (20%). These results show that the lack of forest recovery after burning and the exposure of undisturbed forests to late-summer drought reduce carbon sink strength and illustrate the high vulnerability of forest carbon sink strength in the southwest US to predicted increases in intense burning and precipitation variability.
Attenuation Estimation in Reflection: Progress and Prospects:

This monograph presents a tutorial review of the current state-of-the-art in ultrasonic attenuation estimation in reflection. Clinical indications which provide the motivation for attempting in vivo attenuation estimation are discussed. Frequency and time domain techniques and their respective tradeoffs and problems are presented. Finally, current clinical results obtained with the various techniques are summarized and further areas of study are suggested.
Effectiveness of tailored lifestyle interventions, using web-based and print-mail, for reducing blood pressure among rural women with prehypertension: main results of the Wellness for Women: DASHing towards Health clinical trial

Background: Lifestyle modification is recommended for management of prehypertension, yet finding effective interventions to reach rural women is a public health challenge. This community-based clinical trial compared the effectiveness of standard advice to two multi-component theory-based tailored interventions, using web-based or print-mailed delivery, in reducing blood pressure among rural women, ages 40–69, with prehypertension. Methods: 289 women with prehypertension enrolled in the Wellness for Women: DASHing towards Health trial, a 12-month intervention with 12-month follow-up. Women were randomly assigned to groups using a 1:2:2 ratio, comparing standard advice (30-minute counseling session) to two interventions (two 2-hour counseling sessions, 5 phone goal-setting sessions, strength-training video, and 16 tailored newsletters, web-based or print-mailed). Linear mixed model methods were used to test planned pairwise comparisons of marginal mean change in blood pressure, healthy eating and activity, adjusted for age and baseline level. General estimating equations were used to examine the proportion of women achieving normotensive status and meeting health outcome criteria for eating and activity.
Production of type I interferons: plasmacytoid dendritic cells and beyond

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized producers of type I interferons (IFNs) that respond to most viruses. Because of their antiviral activity and regulatory functions in innate and adaptive immunity, type I IFNs are important not only for antiviral resistance but also in other types of infections and in immune pathology. Here we discuss recent data that begin to reveal the unique molecular mechanisms underlying the remarkably rapid and efficient type I IFN production by pDCs.
The Measurement of Anxiety Through the Computer Analysis of Verbal Samples

METHOD for measuring both labile emotional and more permanent psychological events through content analysis of verbal behavior has been developed by Gottschalk and Gleser.‘~’ Its research and clinical applications have been reviewed elsewhere.3.4*5.6.7 A variety of psychological dimensions can be measured, including anxiety, hostility, social alienation-personal disorganization, cognitive and intellectual impairment, human relations, and hope. The method identifies concepts and actions signifying relevant emotional and psychological states or traits, and scoring of a speech sample involves detecting references to these concepts and actions. These references in verbal samples may take many forms, ranging from a direct reference by a single word to a metaphorical reference over several clauses. Detecting such references accurately and uniformly requires careful and time-consuming training, even for technicians well versed in the language. Content analysis by this method is an expert task, requiring a great deal of training and constant rechecking of skills. As an expert task, it provides an interesting challenge for “artificial intelligence,” the study of thought and action in forms that can be expressed in computer programs.’ Creating a computer system which can perform as well as a trained human scorer, in effect replacing such a scorer, is a major task. Fortunately, there are extensive records of past human performances and established standards to draw upon to measure the success of any computer system. Beyond the challenge of an expert task, there are more specific problems to be solved in the areas of natural language processing, such as, knowledge representation, and inference. Speech, as uttered by people, is quite different than the clean formal theories of competence often proposed by linguists.‘,” People simply do not speak in well formed, self-contained sentences. This places the task beyond the bounds of any present grammatically based computer system. Since syntax does not provide a total solution, the appropriate step is to consider semantics. While some natural language processing systems incorporate semantic markers associated with individual words, such an approach is insufficient for this task. Successful computer analysis requires recognition of themes and concepts underlying the surface form of expressions. At the least, any proposed computer system must be able to recognize and
Graduate surgical education: a new beginning

The common bond that all surgeons share is the experience of postgraduate residency training. This is a time of exponential intellectual and technical growth unequaled in one’s professional career. We all graduate from medical school as generic physicians and are taken in by mentors who embrace, encourage, cajole, and even manipulate us to achieve—through gradual increasing levels of autonomy—the necessary skills to become independent practitioners of surgery. This issue of the Surgical Clinics of North America celebrates the most remarkable odyssey of the training of a surgeon. All of the contributing authors are recognized experts who eloquently convey their opinions on the chosen subject matter. I have attempted to include key issues in current graduate surgical education, recognizing fully that this single issue cannot be all-inclusive. It is divided into three sections: surgical education in the new millennium, work force issues, and curricular and educational issues. The challenges of surgical education vary considerably with the academic setting. Accordingly, I asked leaders from four distinct venues to provide us with their perspectives on the future of surgical education in the new millennium for university, community, military, and European training programs. The second section deals with the ever-challenging and complex issues of the surgical workforce. Several important topics are addressed. It appears that the projected surplus of surgeons that many have predicted for decades may have been inaccurate. This coupled with an apparent decreased interest in surgical careers among graduating United States senior medical students,
Simulated Real-World Energy Impacts of a Thermally Sensitive Powertrain Considering Viscous Losses and Enrichment

It is widely understood that cold ambient temperatures increase vehicle fuel consumption due to heat transfer losses, increased friction (increased viscosity lubricants), and enrichment strategies (accelerated catalyst heating). However, relatively little effort has been dedicated to thoroughly quantifying these impacts across a large set of real world drive cycle data and ambient conditions. This work leverages experimental dynamometer vehicle data collected under various drive cycles and ambient conditions to develop a simplified modeling framework for quantifying thermal effects on vehicle energy consumption. These models are applied over a wide array of real-world usage profiles and typical meteorological data to develop estimates of in-use fuel economy. The paper concludes with a discussion of how this integrated testing/modeling approach may be applied to quantify real-world, off-cycle fuel economy benefits of various technologies.
Improved lung function following dietary antioxidant supplementation in exercise-induced asthmatics.

Abstract Introduction Oxidative stress is a characteristic of exercise-induced asthma (EIA), however antioxidant supplementation may attenuate EIA. The purpose of this study was to determine if ascorbic (AsA) and α-tocopherol supplementation would improve airway function in subjects with EIA. Methods A single-blind randomized crossover design with eight clinically diagnosed EIA subjects (22.0 ± 0.7 year) and five healthy control subjects (28.2 ± 1.4 year) was used. Subjects consumed vitamins (V) (AsA 500 mg; α-tocopherol 300 IU) or placebo (PLA) daily for three weeks, followed by a three week washout period and then three weeks of the alternative treatment. Ten-minute treadmill tests (90% VO2 peak ) were performed with pulmonary function testing (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) and between 25 and 75% ( FEF25–75% ), and peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR)) measured pre-exercise and 1, 5, 15, and 30 min post-exercise. Results Supplementation led to significant improvements at minute 5 and minute 15 in FVC; FEV 1 ; PERF; FEF 25–75% and minute 30 in FEV 1 and FEF 25–75% post-exercise. Conclusion AsA and α-tocopherol may aid the recovery of pulmonary function in subjects with EIA.