cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial Latent Dirichlet Allocation

In recent years, the language model Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), which clusters co-occurring words into topics, has been widely applied in the computer vision field. However, many of these applications have difficulty with modeling the spatial and temporal structure among visual words, since LDA assumes that a document is a "bag-of-words". It is also critical to properly design "words" and "documents" when using a language model to solve vision problems. In this paper, we propose a topic model Spatial Latent Dirichlet Allocation (SLDA), which better encodes spatial structures among visual words that are essential for solving many vision problems. The spatial information is not encoded in the values of visual words but in the design of documents. Instead of knowing the partition of words into documents a priori, the word-document assignment becomes a random hidden variable in SLDA. There is a generative procedure, where knowledge of spatial structure can be flexibly added as a prior, grouping visual words which are close in space into the same document. We use SLDA to discover objects from a collection of images, and show it achieves better performance than LDA.
Using Institutional Data to Evaluate Game-Based Instructional Designs: Challenges and Recommendations

Over the course of the last 5 years, an iterative attempt has been made to develop a series of alternate reality learning games to support undergraduate students in an introductory computer literacy course. During that time, three separate narratives and 18 different iterations of the course have evolved in response to quantitative assessment and course evaluation data as well as qualitative data captured in reflective student web log reflections and interviews with instructors and learners. One major challenge to completing assessments of each iteration was the dearth in the availability of institutional data such as demographics including student year classification or student major (i.e., freshman/business major). Lacking such data that is necessary to conducting factor and other forms of statistical analysis, we have developed approaches during that time to capture necessary information in order to more accurately assess and evaluate the effectiveness of the learning game components as well as the degree to which satisfaction levels could be detected. This chapter discusses both our challenges in using institutional data for research on learning games at the postsecondary level and suggests, from our experience, means to overcome these using technological and methodological approaches.
Jean Giono: The personal ethics of an author writing under the occupation

The recently published Journal de l'Occupation (1995), written by Jean Giono from September 1943 to September 1944, allows a privileged view of the French author who was subsequently blacklisted for collaboration. Contemporary critics generally consider Giono guilty of literary collaboration. In this article, I inquire into the legitimacy of these claims through a close reading of his occupation diary and other publications of the occupation period. In the end, I reject this commonly held notion in favour of the portrait that the diary provides: that of a disillusioned French author and French citizen, who is unwilling to take sides in the civil conflict beyond his local allegiances, and thus refuses to submit his vision to an overarching political project. Moreover, his total belief in an individual's freedom of conscience makes him subversive in his refusal to submit to one doctrine or another.
Patient satisfaction in military medicine: model refinement and assessment of continuity of care effects.

ABSTRACT The Military Health System (MHS) identified patient-centered care and satisfied beneficiaries as main objectives in their 2006 Strategic Plan. The objective of this study was to expand upon the previous MHS model to determine predictors of patient satisfaction behaviors based upon associated attitudes and beliefs in addition to determining the predictive qualities presented by continuity of care. A sample of 90,318 patient responses from 2002 to 2004 was drawn from the Customer Satisfaction Survey database. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the uniquely predictive effects of the independent variables on the outcome variable. Results indicated the constructs from previous studies of satisfaction within the MHS using an attitude model were consistent when tested in a behavioral model. Hypothesis tests also indicated continuity of care demonstrated uniquely predictive qualities suggesting inclusion in the model. The final satisfaction with visit model yielded ...
The determinants of service exports from Central and Eastern Europe

The transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have become important exporters of many types of services to Western Europe. We identify the sources of CEE’s advantages over competing exporters, such as India, China and Brazil, using disaggregated data on service exports and a novel estimation technique for the gravity equation. Our results indicate that the importance of geographical distance varies substantially across types of service exports. Geography is important for exports of construction services, but it has a negligible impact on computer-related services. However, the relative quality of legal institutions influences trade across a broad range of service categories. The results demonstrate that aggregating services that are not homogeneous could conceal important differences in the effects of geographical distance and other variables on the pattern of service trade.
Active target localization for bearing based robotic telemetry

We present a novel robotic telemetry system for localizing radio-tagged invasive fish in frozen lakes using coarse bearing measurements. We address the problem of selecting sensing locations so as to minimize the uncertainty in the location of the target. For this purpose, we propose three active localization algorithms and evaluate them both in simulations and through field experiments. We also present a novel technique for bearing-estimation from directional radio antenna which is critical for the successful execution of the active localization algorithms. Our system is able to operate on frozen lakes and localize the target to within values as low as one meter.
Talairach-based parcellation of neonatal brain magnetic resonance imaging data: validation of a new approach.

Background and purpose Talairach-based parcellation (TP) of human brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data has been used increasingly in clinical research to make regional measurements of brain structures in vivo. Recently, TP has been applied to pediatric research to elucidate the changes in regional brain volumes related to several neurological disorders. However, all freely available tools have been designed to parcellate adult brain MRI data. Parcellation of neonatal MRI data is very challenging owing to the lack of strong signal contrast, variability in signal intensity within tissues, and the small size and thus difficulty in identifying small structures used as landmarks for TP. Hence the authors designed and validated a new interactive tool to parcellate brain MRI data from newborns and young infants. Methods The authors' tool was developed as part of a postprocessing pipeline, which includes registration of multichannel MR images, segmentation, and parcellation of the segmented data. The tool employs user-friendly interactive software to visualize and assign the anatomic landmarks required for parcellation, after which the planes and parcels are generated automatically by the algorithm. The authors then performed 3 sets of validation experiments to test the precision and reliability of their tool. Results Validation experiments of intra-and interrater reliability on data obtained from newborn and 1-year-old children showed a very high sensitivity of >95% and specificity >99.9%. The authors also showed that rotating and reformatting the original MRI data results in a statistically significant difference in parcel volumes, demonstrating the importance of using a tool such as theirs that does not require realignment of the data prior to parcellation. Conclusions To the authors' knowledge, the presented approach is the first TP method that has been developed and validated specifically for neonatal brain MRI data. Their approach would also be valuable for the analysis of brain MRI data from older children and adults.
The Link Between Inadequate Sleep and Obesity in Young Adults.

The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically over the past decade. Although an imbalance between caloric intake and physical activity is considered a key factor responsible for the increase, there is emerging evidence suggesting that other factors may be important contributors to weight gain, including inadequate sleep. Overall research evidence suggests that inadequate sleep is associated with obesity. Importantly, the strength and trajectory of the association seem to be influenced by multiple factors including age. Although limited, the emerging evidence suggests young adults might be at the center of a “perfect health storm,” exposing them to the highest risk for obesity and inadequate sleep. Unfortunately, the methods necessary for elucidating the complex relationship between sleep and obesity are lacking. Uncovering the underlying factors and trajectories between inadequate sleep and weight gain in different populations may help to identify the windows of susceptibility and to design targeted interventions to prevent the negative impact of obesity and related diseases.
MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION OF POPULATION DIVERGENCE TIMES AND POPULATION PHYLOGENY IN MODELS WITHOUT MUTATION.

In this paper we present a method for estimating population divergence times by maximum likelihood in models without mutation. The maximum-likelihood estimator is compared to a commonly applied estimator based on Wright's FST statistic. Simulations suggest that the maximum-likelihood estimator is less biased and has a lower variance than the FST-based estimator. The maximum-likelihood estimator provides a statistical framework for the analysis of population history given genetic data. We demonstrate how maximum-likelihood estimates of the branching pattern of divergence of multiple populations may be obtained. We also describe how the method may be applied to test hypotheses such as whether populations have maintained equal population sizes. We illustrate the method by applying it to two previously published sets of human restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) data. The estimation of population divergence times and genetic distances has many applications in the demographic and ge- netic analysis of population history. Several estimators of genetic distances have been proposed (Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards 1964; Nei 1972; Reynolds et al. 1983). In this article we propose a new maximum-likelihood estimator of popu- lation divergence time based on the coalescent model (King- man 1982) with no mutation. We describe applications of this estimator, most notably the inference of population phylog- enies and show that the maximum-likelihood estimator has desirable statistical properties. To evaluate the performance of the new estimator, we compare it to the estimator based on Wright's FST statistic described by Reynolds at al. (1983). FST is the most commonly applied divergence estimator based upon a model of genetic drift without mutation. FST measures the reduction in heterozygosity in a subpop- ulation relative to the heterozygosity of the total population. It is a standard measure of population differentiation and is applied in the estimation of population divergence times (see for example Weir 1996). Under a model of neutral divergence of two populations from a common ancestral population, FST can be translated directly into an estimate of the time since population divergence. In this case, divergence is measured in terms of the scaled time, T = tl2N, where t is the number of generations since the two populations diverged and N is the effective size of each of the two populations. T can then be estimated by
Service Learning in Political Science: An Introduction

Over a decade has passed since the practice called “service learning” began its ascendance in higher education. While internships have long been used as an experiential teaching tool in the discipline, it is only recently that political scientists have grappled with using community-based service experiences as vehicles for teaching students about politics. In many ways, political scientists have led the way in advancing the theory and practice of service learning, publishing one of the first volumes in the AAHE series on service learning in the disciplines (Battistoni and Hudson 1997), and designing and reporting pioneering efforts to link service to the academic curriculum (e.g., Barber and Battistoni 1993; Beamer 1998; Koulish 1998; Ehrlich 1999). Tony Robinson's essay in this volume stands as yet another bold attempt to challenge political scientists to “do politics” through advocacy-based community service work. This symposium is offered to advance service learning yet further. The featured authors highlight recent research on the impact of service learning on students' political knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, and draw new connections between service learning and important perspectives in political science scholarship and teaching. The first essay, by Mary Hepburn, Richard Niemi, and Chris Chapman, thoroughly details current research on how service learning affects the civic outcomes traditionally advanced by college-level political scientists. They draw lessons from the research about what service learning does and does not do for political education, and also raise important questions for future political science research.
Using Artificial Food Patches to Evaluate Habitat Quality for Granivorous Birds: An Application of Foraging Theory

ASTHEIMER, R. HOLBERTON, R. SUYDAM, AND K. HUNT. 1994a. Seasonal changes of the adrenocortical responses to stress in Redpolls, Acanthis flammea, in Alaska. J. exp. Zool. 270:372-380. WINGFIELD, J. C., R. SUYDAM, AND K. HUNT. 1994b. The adrenocortical responses to stress in Snow Buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis) and Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) at Barrow, Alaska. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 109:1-9. WINGFIELD, J. C., K. M. O'REILLY, AND L. B. ASTHEIMER. 1995. Modulation of the adrenocortical response to acute stress in Arctic birds: a possible ecological basis. Am. Zool. 35:285-294.
Epidemiological Analysis of Typhus Fever in Yunnan Province between 2003 and 2012

Objective This study was to analyze the epidemic characterization and trend of typhoid and paratyphoid in Yunnan Province during 2003-2012, so as to provide the scientific basis for developing effective prevention and control measures. Methods The typhoid and paratyphoid epidemic data of the past 10 years in Yunnan Province were analyzed by SPSS10.0 software for the epidemic characterization. Results During 2003-2012, a total of 66870 cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever, and among them 23cases of death, were reported in Yunnan province, with an average incidence of 14.91/10 million and mortality of 0.034%. The incidence and mortality declined year by year, but still higher than the national average level(1.93/10 million). Annual incidence was statistically significantly different(χ2=10125.33, P0.001). The typhoid and paratyphoid epidemic in Yunnan province presented an obvious seasonal pattern, with the infection peaking in May- October. This disease was widely distributed in the whole province,but incidence differed in different regions. The top five states by annual morbidity staggered year by year. By occupation, farmers rank the top among the patients(39.5%), followed by students and workers. The incidence in children ascended in recent years.Currently, the incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid in Yunnan province is maintained at low level and the cases are mainly sporadic,mostly reported by laboratory diagnosis(71.28%). In recent years the incidence of paratyphoid fever kept ascending, and in some individual states, it has become the one of the dominant bacterial infections. Conclusion In the past 10 years, although overall the incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid in Yunnan province has been descending, it is still higher than the national average level.The paratyphoid bacterial infection in the key citys shall be targeted, and related education to farmers should be strengthened for the effective control of typhoid and paratyphoid. Incidence in scattered children increased, which should draw special attention and vigilance.In addition, related detection technology and diagnosis methods should be further improved and optimized.
Establishment and characterization of a new endometrial cancer cell line (SCRC-1)

A new human endometrial cell line, SCRC-1, has been established from a uterine adenocarcinoma. During a period of 57 weeks in culture, the SCRC-1 cells have been passaged over 100 times. Cultures have an epithelioid morphology, high mitotic activity, and a tendency to form multiple cell layers. The cells are polygonal and are arranged in pavement-like fashion. Most have multiple nucleoli, some are multinucleated, and all have heavily vacuolated cytoplasm. Pretreatment with iododeoxyuridine did not reveal viral markers by cocultivation or immunofluorescence techniques. Karyologic studies indicate that the SCRC-1 cell line is essentially diploid with a small subpopulation of tetraploid cells. Over a period of 20 weeks, 1 of 14 athymic nude mice inoculated with SCRC-1 cells developed a tumor which histologically closely resembled the original human tumor. Cells were subsequently propagated from this tumor and the resulting epithelioid-like cell line was designated SCRC-1, Tu 1.
Angiographic evaluation and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Endoscopy is the primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool used in the evaluation and treatment of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. When endoscopy is unsuccessful in identifying or controlling GI hemorrhage, however, arteriography is useful in both the evaluation and treatment if upper GI hemorrhage.
Resource Prospector (RP: )A Lunar Volatiles Prospecting and In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Demonstration Mission

Efficient expansion of human presence beyond low-Earth orbit to asteroids and Mars will require the maximum possible use of local materials, so-called in-situ resources. The moon presents a unique destination to conduct robotic investigations that advance ISRU capabilities, as well as provide significant exploration and science value. Since the moons polar regions have confirmed the presence of volatiles, as revealed by the LCROSS and LRO missions, the next step is to understand the nature and distribution of those candidate resources and how they might be extracted. Recent studies have even indicated that if those volatiles are practically available for harvesting, they could be processed into propellants and human life-support resources, significantly reducing the cost of human missions to Mars maybe by as much as 50!Resource Prospector (RP) is an in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) technology demonstration mission under study by the NASA Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorates (HEOMD). This clever mission is currently planned to launch as early as 2021 and will demonstrate extraction of oxygen, water and other volatiles, as well measure mineralogical content such as silicon and light metals from lunar regolith.
Physical Activity and Reproductive Ecology in Adults

This chapter focuses on the energetic demands during adulthood that are predicted to trade-off against energy allocated to physical activity from a life history perspective. The primary energetic demands are reproductive effort and continued somatic maintenance. Research from reproductive ecology that helps to characterize the sex-specific costs of physical activity among women and men is summarized. Females face much higher energetic demands associated with reproduction, and a growing body of research suggests that female fecundity, or the biological capacity to reproduce, is sensitive to changes in energetic conditions (including increases in physical activity or exercise). Given the high metabolic costs of gestation and lactation for human females, researchers have hypothesized that this heightened responsiveness to energetic condition and energetic stress would be adaptive in order to decrease the likelihood of conception when it is questionable whether the energetic demands of pregnancy and/or lactation can be met. In men, however, reproductive function is much less sensitive to energetic stress, and physical activity and investment in mating effort are consistent with physical activity and increases in muscle mass. In environments where physical activity is necessary to provide for offspring, physical activity is expected to remain relatively high; however, in environments like or modern ones, where provisioning is primarily sedentary, the opportunity costs for men and women increase. Finally, a brief summary of the factors predicted to influence physical activity among post-reproductive adults is provided.
Estimating Security Coverage for Cloud Services

Secure cloud environment is essential for providing uninterrupted services to customers (individual user, company and government), since customers are relying on cloud for their computing and network service needs. As providers play the central role in cloud security, they need to establish rigorous security measures as a part of their service offerings. In order to limit liabilities for damages caused by the cloud, some form of insurance seems appropriate. For cloud security insurance, however, the question of differential security coverage is relevant as the cost of deploying special protection, detection and response tools varies and requires the coverage estimation. In this paper, we describe a framework to estimate security coverage for different type of service offerings. We have developed software prototype of this framework, called MEGHNAD and tested for various cloud service security requirements. This prototype can serve as a specialized Cloud Doctor in prescribing the right combination of security tools for different cloud services and according to the level of security assurance required.
Getting Real Results with Ohio State University Extension’s Real Money. Real World. Program

Youth development organizations have a unique opportunity to offer programs that help young people develop financial skills they need to become successful adults. This article describes Ohio State University Extension’s Real Money. Real World. (RMRW) and the systematic approach used to evaluate its effectiveness. The RMRW curriculum includes an active, hands-on experience that gives young people the opportunity to make lifestyle and budget choices similar to those they will make as adults. The realistic simulation creates a teachable moment. The outcomes of the statewide evaluation clearly indicate the curriculum accomplishes its goals of raising awareness, changing attitudes, and motivating students to plan for behavior changes concerning financial management, education, and career choices. The article concludes with a discussion of the organizational outcomes of conducting the evaluation.
Studies for an optimal balancing system for Li ion batteries based on state of health assessment

Li-ion batteries are the most popular energy storage choice for a wide range of applications, especially electric and hybrid electric vehicles, because of their superior characteristics in comparison to the other energy storage technologies. It has been observed that there are significant differences regarding parameters within the same batch of batteries manufactured and that mainly due to technological barriers which cannot be over passed without expensive efforts. To avoid additional stress and battery premature destruction it is necessary to develop a new approach for balancing between cells during electrical or hybrid-electrical vehicles driving cycles. This paper presents a thorough behavioral study of Li-ion cells during the ageing phenomenon, as well as the possibility of employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for assessing the batteries state-of-health. The latter can be used to further develop a coherent algorithm to be employed in a smart adaptive balancing system.
Intravenous Busulfan Plus Melphalan Is a Highly Effective, Non-Toxic Preparative Regimen for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) in Patients with Advanced Lymphoid Malignancies.

Abstract 3415 Poster Board III-303 High dose chemotherapy and SCT is an accepted treatment option for patients with relapsed lymphoid malignancies. Relapse remains a significant issue for patients with advanced disease. Predicting effective disease control with improved safety, we investigated the administration of intravenous (i.v.) busulfan (Bu) combined with melphalan (Mel) in patients with lymphoid malignancies undergoing ASCT. Patients and Methods Bu130 mg/m 2 was infused daily for 4 days, either as a fixed dose per BSA (n=20), or to target an average daily AUC of 5,000 uMol-min ± 12% determined by a test dose of i.v. Bu at 32 mg/m 2 given 48 hours prior to the high dose regimen (n=82), followed by a rest day, followed by two daily Mel doses at 70mg/m 2 . Stem cells were infused the following day. Dilantin was given for seizure prophylaxis. Results 102 patients (38 F/64 M) with non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma (n=12), Hodgkin9s lymphoma (n=49) and multiple myeloma (n=41) with median age 44 years (range 19-66) have been enrolled to date. The median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 3 (range 1-6). At time of study entry, 88% of patients were in relapse (sensitive relapse n=70, refractory relapse n=19) and 12% were in second remission. The median CD34+ cell dose infused was 5.2 × 10 6 /kg (range 0.7-12.5). Median days to ANC ≥ 0.5 × 10 9 /L and platelet count ≥ 20 × 10 9 /L were 10 (range 8-44) and 9 (7-141), respectively. There was no grade IV or V toxicity. The most commonly observed toxicities were grade I or II nausea and vomiting (77%), mucositis (67%), and diarrhea (55%)., Reversible grade III liver enzyme abnormalities were observed in 4% of patients; one patient developed reversible VOD. With a median follow-up of 2.1 years (range 0.2-4.3), the cumulative incidence of treatment-related mortality (TRM) at 100 days, 1 year, and 2 years was 1.0%, 3.1%, and 4.3%, respectively. Among patients with non-Hodgkin9s or Hodgkin9s lymphoma, the overall response rate was 90%, with 1- and 2-year PFS rates of 63% and 58%, respectively; 1- and 2-year OS rates were 90% and 82% respectively (Figure 1). PFS was significantly better in patients with chemo-sensitive lymphoma, 61% vs. 42% at 2 years, p=.03. Among patients with multiple myeloma, the overall response rate was 58%, with 1- and 2-year PFS rates of 67% and 44%, respectively; 1- and 2-year OS rates were 90% and 82%, respectively. Survival rates were not significantly different between the chemo-sensitive and chemo-refractory multiple myeloma patients. Conclusion Intravenous busulfan-melphalan is well-tolerated, and the individualized PK-directed dosing of i.v. busulfan likely contributes to the low toxicity profile of this regimen. The high response rate and disease control in patients with advanced disease is encouraging, and should be explored in larger phase II studies. Disclosures Andersson: Otsuka Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.
Evaluating the motor slowing hypothesis of depression

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that processing speed deficits are the primary cognitive deficits in those with depression, consistent with the motor slowing hypothesis. Participants (n=223) were research volunteers who served in the US military since September 11, 2001, and denied a history of significant brain injuries. Depression was measured using a structured interview, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Outcomes included performance on 10 processing speed variables. Invalid performance/report accounted for significant variance for 8 of 10 processing speed measures. There was not a consistent pattern of slowed processing speed in those with current depressive diagnoses compared to those without. However, depression symptom burden per the PAI Depression scale was significant for 7 of 10 processing speed tests. Only non-dominant fine motor dexterity was significantly slower in those with high versus low burden using BDI-II quartiles. Thus, the motor slowing hypothesis was supported, but only for depression burden and not diagnostic status or high versus low categorical classification. These results underscore the importance of validity assessment and consideration of how one measures psychiatric constructs when evaluating relations among symptoms and cognition.
Static characteristics of a cylindrical microstrip line on a multilayered dielectric substrate partially embedded in a perfectly conducting ground plane

The quasi-TEM characteristics of a microstrip line on a multilayered cylindrical dielectric substrate partially embedded in a perfectly conducting ground plane are rigorously determined. Exact expressions for the potential distributions inside and outside the substrate, charge distributions on the strip, and capacitance are derived.
"Diluvio de milagros sobre la tierra de los incas" en español formato kindle

Publicacion de “Diluvio de milagros sobre la tierra de los incas”, en espanol, formato kindle
Changing Management of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Effect on Neonatal Outcomes and Resource Utilization.

Objective This historical cohort study investigated how a shift toward a more conservative approach of awaiting spontaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants has affected neonatal outcomes and resource utilization. Methods We retrospectively studied very low birth weight infants diagnosed with a PDA by echocardiogram (ECHO) in 2006-2008 (era 1), when medical or surgical PDA management was emphasized, to those born in 2010-2012 (era 2) when conservative PDA management was encouraged. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for gestational age were performed to assess differences in clinical outcomes and resource utilization between eras. Results More infants in era 2 (35/89, 39%) compared with era 1 (22/120, 18%) had conservative PDA management (p < 0.01). Despite no difference in surgical ligation rate, infants in era 2 had ligation later (median 24 vs. 8 days, p < 0.0001). There was no difference in clinical outcomes between eras, while number of ECHOs per patient was the only resource measure that increased in era 2 (median 3 vs. 2 ECHOs, p = 0.003). Conclusion In an era of more conservative PDA management, no increase in adverse clinical outcomes or significant change in resource utilization was found. Conservative PDA management may be a safe alternative for preterm infants.
Quantifying Gaze Behavior During Real-World Interactions Using Automated Object, Face, and Fixation Detection

As technologies develop for acquiring gaze behavior in real world social settings, robust methods are needed that minimize the time required for a trained observer to code behaviors. We record gaze behavior from a subject wearing eye-tracking glasses during a naturalistic interaction with three other people, with multiple objects that are referred to or manipulated during the interaction. The resulting gaze-in-world video from each interaction can be manually coded for different behaviors, but this is extremely time-consuming and requires trained behavioral coders. Instead, we use a neural network to detect objects, and a Viola–Jones framework with feature tracking to detect faces. The time sequence of gazes landing within the object/face bounding boxes is processed for run lengths to determine “looks,” and we discuss optimization of run length parameters. Algorithm performance is compared against an expert holistic ground truth.
Immunomodulating Antitumor Mechanisms of SMANCS

In the first part of this chapter, the antitumor effects of poly(styrenemaleic acid)-conjugated neocarzinostatin (SMANCS) are compared with those of neocarzinostatin against various transplanted solid tumors in mouse models. As an antitumor mechanism of SMANCS in mice bearing solid tumors, the antitumor immunity stimulated by SMANCS was focused on these descriptions rather than the direct cytotoxic effect of SMANCS against tumor cells shown by neocarzinostatin. SMANCS stimulated the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and activated macrophages and cytotoxic T lymphocytes were generated by stimulation from SMANCS-induced IFN-γ. IFN-γ played a key role in the elimination of solid tumors when mice were treated with SMANCS. The next part of this review discusses the antitumor efficacy of orally administered, oily formulated SMANCS (oily SMANCS). Because SMANCS is lipophilic and has a high affinity to fatty acids such as medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), the oily formulated SMANCS is easy to prepare. Active proteins commonly cannot be administered orally because they will be inactivated in the acidic environment of the digestive tract or digestive enzymes. However, orally administered oily SMANCS is absorbed by the intestine. Orally administered oily SMANCS was shown to have antitumor effects equal to aqueous SMANCS administered i.v. Furthermore, orally administered oily SMANCS inhibited pulmonary metastasis of B16 melanoma as a result of unique mechanisms that control the activity of T-helper type 2 cells (Th2 cells) in the host. The efficacy of SMANCS described here suggests that the oral administration of oily SMANCS to cancer patients may be beneficial.
Recognition of facial emotions on human and canine faces in children with and without autism spectrum disorders

In children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), it is not clear whether emotion recognition impairments are unique to human faces. In the present study, children with ASD and neurotypical (NT) children were shown photographs of human and canine faces expressing angry, fear, happy, sad, or neutral expressions. Between-group differences showed that children with ASD were less accurate in their overall recognition of emotion on human faces than NT children, whereas the groups did not differ in their recognition of emotion on canine faces. In terms of within-group results, NT children did not differ in their recognition of emotions on human and canine faces, while children with ASD were more accurate in recognizing emotions on canine than on human faces. Although ASD symptomatology was not related to emotion recognition performance, some evidence was found that theory of mind and age were related to emotion recognition in all children.
Protocol Heterogeneity Issues of Incremental High-Density Wi-Fi Deployment

Going beyond the traditional coverage-oriented Wi-Fi network design, the recent Wi-Fi networks are designed for high traffic demand with high density deployments. A university campus environment is particularly unique in that a large number of users with multiple heterogeneous devices demand high capacity and performance from a wireless network over a wide geographical area. From a network management perspective, not only should the network support heterogeneous Wi-Fi protocols and devices, but high-density access points (APs) are needed to handle the high traffic demands. To meet the rising demands Wi-Fi AP upgrades are deployed incrementally over an extended period to cover the vast area found in a campus setting, which is different from a building-level Wi-Fi network.
High-Dimensional Statistics: A Non-Asymptotic Viewpoint

Recent years have witnessed an explosion in the volume and variety of data collected in all scientific disciplines and industrial settings. Such massive data sets present a number of challenges to researchers in statistics and machine learning. This book provides a self-contained introduction to the area of high-dimensional statistics, aimed at the first-year graduate level. It includes chapters that are focused on core methodology and theory - including tail bounds, concentration inequalities, uniform laws and empirical process, and random matrices - as well as chapters devoted to in-depth exploration of particular model classes - including sparse linear models, matrix models with rank constraints, graphical models, and various types of non-parametric models. With hundreds of worked examples and exercises, this text is intended both for courses and for self-study by graduate students and researchers in statistics, machine learning, and related fields who must understand, apply, and adapt modern statistical methods suited to large-scale data.
Worsening of Right Heart Function Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation - Right Heart Catheter Waveform Analyses

Purpose Right heart catheterization (RHC) is the gold standard in hemodynamic assessment. The specific hemodynamic waveforms may provide additional information about heart function. This study aims to investigate changes in RHC waveforms following LVAD implantation. Methods Patients with sinus rhythm underwent invasive RHC before LVAD implantation and at 6 months post-operatively. We compared waveform parameters of right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) between these two time points. Results 42 patients (mean age 56 years, 62% male) had RHC before and after LVAD implantation (Figure 1A-E). Following LVAD implantation, mean RA pressure remained unchanged (p = 0.70). The a-wave height decreased, while the magnitude of the y-descent increased (p Conclusion RHC waveforms change following LVAD implantation and may indicate worsening of right heart function.
Use of a Fluorescence-Based Assay To Measure Escherichia coli Membrane Potential Changes in High Throughput.

Bacterial membrane potential is difficult to measure using classical electrophysiology techniques due to the small cell size and the presence of the peptidoglycan cell wall. Instead, chemical probes are often used to study membrane potential changes under conditions of interest. Many of these probes are fluorescent molecules that accumulate in a charge-dependent manner, and the resulting fluorescence change can be analyzed via flow cytometry or using a fluorescence microplate reader. Although this technique works well in many Gram-positive bacteria, it generates fairly low signal-to-noise ratios in Gram-negative bacteria due to dye exclusion by the outer membrane. We detail an optimized workflow that uses the membrane potential probe, 3,3′-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide [DiOC2(3)], to measure Escherichia coli membrane potential changes in high throughput and describe the assay conditions that generate significant signal-to-noise ratios to detect membrane potential changes using a fluorescence microplate reader. A valinomycin calibration curve demonstrates this approach can robustly report membrane potentials over at least an ∼144-mV range with an accuracy of ∼12 mV. As a proof of concept, we used this approach to characterize the effects of some commercially available small molecules known to elicit membrane potential changes in other systems, increasing the repertoire of compounds known to perturb E. coli membrane energetics. One compound, the eukaryotic Ca2+ channel blocker amlodipine, was found to alter E. coli membrane potential and decrease the MIC of kanamycin, further supporting the value of this screening approach. This detailed methodology permits studying E. coli membrane potential changes quickly and reliably at the population level.
Orally available tubulin inhibitor VERU-111 enhances antitumor efficacy in paclitaxel-resistant lung cancer

Abstract Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer associated mortality. Chemotherapeutic agents, such as paclitaxel, are important treatment options but drug resistance often develops upon prolonged use. We report here the preclinical evaluation of a new orally available tubulin inhibitor, VERU-111, which can overcome several ABC-transporters mediated multi-drug resistance associated with taxane treatment. In vitro, VERU-111 prevents cell proliferation, invasion, migration and colony formation in both paclitaxel-sensitive and paclitaxel-resistant A549 lung cancer cells. VERU-111 effectively inhibits tubulin polymerization, arrests cells in G2/M phase, and induces cancer cell apoptosis. Further evaluation of various apoptotic proteins revealed that treatment of VERU-111 increases the expression of cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase-3 and p-histone H3 proteins. In vivo, orally administered VERU-111 in a paclitaxel-sensitive A549 xenograft model strongly inhibits tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner and is equally potent with paclitaxel. When tested in a highly paclitaxel-resistant A549/TxR tumor model, VERU-111 is as effective as the parental A549 model in significantly reducing the tumor volume, whereas paclitaxel is essentially ineffective. Collectively, this study showed that VERU-111 is a promising new generation of anti-tubulin agent for the treatment of taxane-resistant lung cancer.
Optimizing Aminoglycoside Dosing Regimens for Critically Ill Pediatric Patients with Augmented Renal Clearance: a Convergence of Parametric and Nonparametric Population Approaches.

Augmented renal clearance (ARC) can occur in critically ill pediatric patients receiving aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and tobramycin, yet optimal dosing strategies for ARC are undefined. We evaluated the probability of achieving efficacious or toxic exposures in pediatrics. Parallel population modeling of concentration strategies were pursued using Pmetrics v1.5.2 (nonparametric) and Monolix v2019R2 (parametric). Bayesian exposures were used to classify ARC based on total clearance (CL). The effects of serum creatinine (SCR), creatinine clearance (CRCL), total body weight (TBW), postnatal age (PNA), and ARC were explored as covariates. The probabilities of target attainment (PTA) (i.e., maximum concentration [C max]/MIC, area under the concentration-time curve [AUC]/MIC) and of toxic exposure (PTE) (i.e., minimum concentration [C min] > 2 μg/ml) were calculated according to PNA and ARC. A total of 123 patients (1 to 21 years old, 56% female) contributed 304 concentrations. A two-compartment model was superior to a one-compartment model in both approaches. Bayesian posterior predicted concentrations from the nonparametric base model fit the data well (R 2 = 0.96) and classified 34 patients as having ARC (28%). Both the nonparametric and parametric approaches resulted in allometrically scaling of TBW on volume (V) and clearance (CL). ARC modified CL and central V. CRCL and a maturation function modified CL. ARC was associated with a 1.49- versus 1.66-fold increase in CL and a 1.56- versus 1.66-fold increase in the central V (nonparametric versus parametric). A high dose of 12 mg/kg of body weight/day was required to achieve adequate PTA when MICs were 1 to 2 μg/ml; ARC lowered achievable MICs. When PNA was <2 years, PTE was increased. Aminoglycoside monotherapy should be avoided in critically ill pediatric patients with ARC when MICs exceed 1 μg/ml, as optimal exposures are unachievable with standard dosing.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease After Pancreaticoduodenectomy for a Cancer Diagnosis.

Purpose: Current literature reports increased incidence of postpancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a precursor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. The...
Differential fructose and glucose appetition in DBA/2, 129P3 and C57BL/6 × 129P3 hybrid mice revealed by sugar versus non-nutritive sweetener tests.

Abstract Inbred mouse strains differ in their postoral appetite stimulating response (appetition) to fructose as demonstrated in intragastric (IG) sugar conditioning and oral sugar vs. nonnutritive conditioning experiments. For example, FVB and SWR strains show experience-induced preferences for 8% fructose over a 0.1% sucralose + 0.1% saccharin (S + S) solution, whereas C57BL/6 (B6) and BALB/c strains do not. All strains, however, learn to prefer 8% glucose to S + S after experience, which is attributed to the potent appetition actions of this sugar. The present study extended this analysis to DBA/2 (DBA) and 129P3 (129) inbred mice. In Experiment 1A, ad libitum fed DBA and 129 mice preferred S + S to fructose before and after separate experience with the two sweeteners, indicating an indifference to the postoral nutrient effects of the sugar. When food restricted (Experiment 1B), 129 mice continued to prefer S + S to fructose while DBA mice showed equal preference for the sweeteners after experience, indicating some sensitivity to fructose appetition. In Experiment 1C, both strains acquired significant preferences for glucose over S + S after experience, confirming their sensitivity to postoral glucose appetition. Experiment 2 revealed that C57BL/6 × 129P3 (B6:129) hybrid mice responded like inbred B6 mice and 129 mice in acquiring a preference for glucose but not fructose over S + S. This is of interest because sweet "taste-blind" P2 × 2 / P2 × 3 double-knockout (DKO) mice on a B6:129 genetic background prefer fructose to water in 24 h tests, which is indicative of fructose appetition. Whether differences in the genetic makeup of DKO and B6:129 hybrid mice or other factors explain the fructose appetition of the DKO mice remains to be determined.
A novel material detection method using femtosecond laser, confocal imaging and image processing enabling endpointing in fast inspection of microelectronics

Abstract Ultrashort pulsed lasers can offer athermal, fast and precise material removal as needed for inspection, failure analysis, and reverse engineering of microelectronics. Laser parameters must be fine-tuned, based on material type, for best results. However, often, accurate information about the material composition of sample of interest is not at hand and thus the material composition must be inferred. Furthermore, endpointing of the deprocessing system becomes increasingly difficult due to the large material removal rate of laser systems. Integration of current methods, such as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), is expensive and complex. We propose a novel technique that detects material composition based on surface texture parameters derived from confocal images of a lasered area. A multilayer fully connected neural network is used, which after sufficient training can predict the material composition of the sample with a single image of the surface.
European Integration, 1950-2003: Superstate or New Market Economy?

Part I. A German Solution to Europe's Problems? The Early History of European Communities, 1950-1965: Introduction to part one: a new global setting 1. The liberal project for an integrated Europe 2. The rise and decline of monetarism 3. More or less liberal Europe: the institutional origins of integration 4. All or nothing? The founding of the EEC and the ending of an era, 1958-1966 Conclusion of part one: Needed: a new integration scenario Part II. From Embedded Liberalism to Liberalism - A Step Forward: European Integration and Regime Change in the 1970s: Introduction to part two: a new European situation 5. Realm of theory to sphere of action 6. Better than muddling through Conclusion of part two: needed: a new integration theory Part III. Seeking the New Horizon: European Integration from the Single European Act to the Maastricht Treaty: Introduction to part three: a new realm of possibility 7. Forces of change, forces of resistance 8. Thatcherism, and the reform of Britain 9. The crisis of the welfare state and the challenge of modernization in Europe in the 1980s 10. Maastricht ho! by air, land, or SEA? 11. The Delorean agenda Conclusion of part three: Needed: a new integration direction Part IV: A False Dawn? Challenge and Promise in Europe of the 1990s: Introduction to part four: a new global framework 12. Almost a road to nowhere 13. No open and shut cases: member-states and the European community in the 1990s 14. Shrinking enlargement: betrayal of a pledge or new opportunity? 15. The new market economy and Europe's future Conclusion to part four: Needed: a new European Union?