cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An approach to biosynthesis of organic superconductors

As a striking similarity exists between the structures of the proposed organic superconductors and certain naturally occurring products of biological activity, it seems reasonable to ask whether Nature has already utilized this phenomena in a living system or whether she might be induced to do so. One test of this hypothesis would be to establish an artificial environment whereby a selective advantage is given to those organisms which show signs of macroscopic superconductivity. An experiment will be described in which bacteria are screened and bred for traits such as heightened conductivity and diamagnetism in an attempt to evolve cells with these properties.
Majoritarian exploitation of the fiscal commons: general taxes–differential transfers

Abstract Do majoritarian democracies overexploit the general tax base, akin to the tragedy of the commons? Or, apart from any consideration of efficiency norms, are there “natural” forces in majoritarian politics that keep tax rates below revenue-maximizing limits? This paper formulates the fiscal process through the metaphor of the commons and analyzes the equilibrium that emerges in settings where differing majority coalitions may operate simultaneously to place charges on the general taxable capacity of the economy. The presence of a “membership externality,” emergent from the necessary intersections of members among separate majority coalitions, acts to limit fiscal exploitation, even in the pure transfer settings.
Optimizing engagement: brand identification and alumni donation behaviors

Purpose – As colleges and universities face the shifts of decreasing government funds, increased operating costs, and waning alumni financial support, institutions are now plunging themselves into practices traditionally associated with the business sector. Practices like branding are now being used as a mechanism to increase engagement of alumni and potential donors. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of brand identification, or the defining of the self through association with an organization, on alumni supportive behaviors. Design/methodology/approach – The researchers surveyed alumni of a mid-sized state-run university in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA to see if identification affected donation behaviors such as choice to donate, total dollar amount donated, and the number of times donated. Findings – The survey findings showed that brand identification correlated with choice to donate, increased donation dollar amount, and the number of donations. Findings also suggested that int...
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma: a clinical, pathological, and flow cytometric study.

Of 345 patients with tuberous sclerosis complex evaluated at the Mayo Clinic from 1950 to 1989, 23 were identified as having brain tumors. In 20 of the 23, histological or clinical evidence showed the tumor to be a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. A search of the Mayo Clinic tissue registry yiel
Perceived health risk of excess body weight among overweight and obese men and women: differences by sex.

Abstract Objectives To describe perceptions of health risk from excess body weight among adults, and assess if lack of perceived risk was associated with trying to lose weight. Methods Sex-specific logistic regression models were used to determine odds of disagreement that one's weight is a health risk and odds of trying to lose weight among overweight (BMI = 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, n = 1296) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 1335) adult participants in the 2004 Styles' surveys. Results Men were more likely than women to disagree their body weight was a health risk (among the overweight, 62% vs. 43%; the obese 20% vs. 14% obese). Disagreement with risk was associated with good health status and race/ethnicity among both sexes and lower education and income among women. Odds of currently trying to lose weight were significantly lower among obese men who disagreed, and overweight men and women who were neutral or disagreed that their body weight was a health risk. Conclusions Many overweight and obese adults do not perceive their weight to be a health risk; this perception was associated with lower prevalence of trying to lose weight, particularly among men. Discussion by clinicians about the health risks of excess weight may alter perceived risk and help promote weight loss efforts.
Impact of lymph node metastasis in differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid: a matched-pair analysis.

Background Cervical lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma has mostly been found to have little relationship to prognosis. However, some studies report nodal involvement to be an adverse factor, while others have found it to be favorable. We have undertaken a matched-pair analysis of previously untreated patients, with and without ipsilateral neck metastasis, to examine the significance of nodal spread in patients with otherwise equivalent prognostic factors for differentiated thyroid cancer. Method From a database of 931 patients, treated from 1930 to 1980, we used a computer to match patients with confirmed lateral neck metastasis (N1) to those who were stage NO, and had the following identical prognostic factors: no distant metastasis, age (within 4 years), and tumor size, histology, and intrathyroidal extent. When possible, matches were also made for gender, multifocality, and extent of thyroid surgery. Survival and treatment failures were analyzed, with and without stratification for age. Results We were able to select 100 N1 patients with corresponding NO patients, sharing the major prognostic risk factors as listed. Overall, there was no difference in survival, although N1 patients more often had recurrence. Mortality increased with age. Analysis at high-risk age (45 years and older) showed significantly more recurrences in N1 patients (p = .008). Twenty-year survival in N1 patients over the age of 45 was lower than that of NO patients. On the other hand, under the age of 45, N1 patients had better survival. These differences, however, did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Nodal involvement in older patients with thyroid cancer increases the risk of recurrence, although no significant difference in survival is observed in relation to age. HEAD & NECK 1996;18:127–132 © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Teaching College Composition with Computers: A Time Observation Study

To understand the ways that teachers adapt writing instruction to a microcomputer classroom, the researchers observed and recorded activities minute-by-minute in four classes for a full semester of introductory composition. Two experienced teachers each taught two classes: one traditional class and one class that met for half of its time in a microcomputer classroom. This report contrasts their classes, calling attention to (a) the time pressures created by teaching with computers, (b) issues in training students to be proficient at word processing and revising, (c) ways a microcomputer classroom can foster workshop approaches to teaching writing, (d) the need for carefully structured classroom activities, and (e) the importance of teachers sharing with students common values for learning with computers in a group setting.
Exploring Ethograms in the Schoolyard: A Lesson on Animal Behavior

ABSTRACT This article highlights a core lesson that has been used in a number of Lincoln Park Zoo educational programs. The lesson teaches students to conduct an ethological, or animal behavior, study on a bird. This study can be implemented in a variety of outdoor settings, including a park, schoolyard, or zoo. Using an ethogram, students will practice inquiry skills such as making observations, collecting and analyzing data, and sharing results. This type of inquiry-based research is commonly conducted at Lincoln Park Zoo and allows students to make a connection between their work and that of our practicing researchers. Furthermore, this lesson supports the recommendations of the National Research Council by providing students with an opportunity to engage in scientific inquiry and to utilize research skills in an outdoor setting.
Real-time nondestructive structural health monitoring using support vector machines and wavelets

We present an alternative to visual inspection for detecting damage to civil infrastructure. We describe a real-time decision support system for nondestructive health monitoring. The system is instrumented by an integrated network of wireless sensors mounted on civil infrastructures such as bridges, highways, and commercial and industrial facilities. To address scalability and power consumption issues related to sensor networks, we propose a three-tier system that uses wavelets to adaptively reduce the streaming data spatially and temporally. At the sensor level, measurement data is temporally compressed before being sent upstream to intermediate communication nodes. There, correlated data from multiple sensors is combined and sent to the operation center for further reduction and interpretation. At each level, the compression ratio can be adaptively changed via wavelets. This multi-resolution approach is useful in optimizing total resources in the system. At the operation center, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are used to detect the location of potential damage from the reduced data. We demonstrate that the SVM is a robust classifier in the presence of noise and that wavelet-based compression gracefully degrades its classification accuracy. We validate the effectiveness of our approach using a finite element model of the Humboldt Bay Bridge. We envision that our approach will prove novel and useful in the design of scalable nondestructive health monitoring systems.
New world primates for research in human reproductive health.

The New World primates are relatively new to studies in reproductive health. The essential factors in their reproductive physiology and endocrinology are now established for the three species considered here: Saimiri sciureus, Cebus apella, and Callithrix jacchus. Our studies to date in C. jacchus have concentrated on developmental biology (gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, neonatal growth) and on strategic studies of new pharmacological agents for the regulation of fertility (vaccines, steroids, lactation). There are also species-specific mechanisms evident, such as reproductive suppression in female marmosets, that give insights to the evolution of reproductive mechanisms in the primates. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Towards automated personalized data storage

User data is growing at an ever greater pace that threatens to overwhelm our ability to effectively manage it. As the types of data increase, and the storage environments become ever more heterogeneous, even reasoning about basic data management decisions becomes increasingly difficult. This expansion in complexity requires new methodologies for managing data that alleviate as much of the burden as possible from the individual user. Instead of requiring users to understand their full collection of data and the underlying storage architectures, future storage systems need to be able to decide on their own how to manage individual files both in terms of the appropriate storage medium as well as the necessary file operation semantics. In this paper we present a vision for future storage systems that address the dramatic increase in complexity and volume by providing autonomic storage management decisions based on dynamically collected metrics that measure the relationship between individual users and each of their personal files.
Analysis and physiologic significance of cholesterol epoxide in animal tissues

The presence of 5α,6α-epoxy-cholestan-3β-ol, an oxidation product of cholesterol, has been demonstrated in a variety of animal tissues. No definitive biologic role for this sterol has been forthcoming, although the physiologic implications of its occurrence are many. The presence of the epoxide in ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated skin was detected by a combination of thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas liquid radiochromatographic (radio-GLC) techniques in 1971 and led to the suggestion that it might be responsible for the carcinogenic properties of UV. Subsequently, in vivo levels of this sterol in the skin of UV-irradiated animals were quantitated by radio-GLC after TLC separation and preparation of the radiolabeled acetate ester. Presence of the compound in mouse liver was detected by GLC of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether and confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS). In all cases, however, in vivo quantitations were complicated by substrate induction of sterol epoxide hydrase, an enzyme that hydrates the epoxide to form cholestan-3β,5α,6β-triol (triol). Consequently, the relationship of the sterol epoxide to UV-carcinogenesis is as yet unclear and recent studies suggest that if this sterol is involved, then further metabolism of the compound must be required. A practical means of examining the metabolites of the epoxide was developed, employing radio-TLC scanning. Using this procedure, the relationships of substrate concentration, time of reaction and pH optimum to reaction rate were determined. Although in short term in vitro incubations of liver homogenates the bulk of epoxide is hydrated to triol, several other metabolites are detectable by TLC autoradiography. Even though the case for direct involvement of cholesterol epoxide in the etiology of carcinogenesis or other diseases is equivocal, the epoxide or its metabolites may yet prove valuable as a diagnostic aid in revealing abnormal function associated with certain diseases.
Double Bubbles for Immiscible Fluids in ℝ n

We use a new approach that we call unification to prove that standard weighted double bubbles in n-dimensional Euclidean space minimize immiscible fluid surface energy, that is, surface area weighted by constants. The result is new for weighted area, and also gives the simplest known proof to date of the (unit weight) double bubble theorem (Hass et al., Electron. Res. Announc. Am. Math. Soc., 1(3):98–102, 1995; Hutchings et al., Ann. Math., 155(2):459–489, 2002; Reichardt, J. Geom. Anal., 18(1):172–191, 2008). As part of the proof, we introduce a striking new symmetry argument for showing that a minimizer must be a surface of revolution.
Synthetic Polyanions protect Mice against Intracellular Bacterial Infection

A NUMBER of synthetic polyanions stimulate interferon production1–7 and these materials are active against infection with viruses and also with parasites of a more complex nature8–12. Mice inoculated intraperitoneally with pyran, a random copolymer of divinyl ether and maleic acid anhydride, are resistant to an ordinarily lethal challenge of mengo virus7. Such antiviral resistance persists for as long as 60 days in spite of the absence of measurable levels of interferon in the sera of the mice after 4 to 6 days7,13. These polyanions modify a number of host defence mechanisms including delayed hypersensitivity14, antibody response15 and the number of circulating white blood cells16. In view of the suggestion that a common mechanism of host resistance to intracellular pathogens may exist17, we were interested to determine if the long term resistance against viral challenge observed following administration of such polymers may also be extended to intracellular bacterial infection. In these studies, three anionic polymers*, pyran copolymer, polyacrylic acid and the double stranded synthetic ribonucleic acid poly I·poly C, each conferred resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.
Multiple elements in Typha angustifolia rhizosphere and plants: Wetland versus dryland

Abstract In a recent study, researchers found that multiple elements accumulated near the roots of Rumex crispus more under wetland conditions and element uptake was significantly greater in the plants grown under wetland compared to dryland conditions. The study reported here also found that elements accumulated in the root zone (up to 3 mm beyond the rhizoplane) of Typha angustifolia grown under wetland conditions. In comparison to the bulk zone, Be, Cu, Fe, Li, Sr and Zn accumulated more in the root zone of the flooded treatment whereas Ni and Sr accumulated more in the root zone of the non-flooded treatment. On average, T. angustifolia produced 4 times more biomass and element uptake was 2–27 times greater under wetland compared to dryland conditions.
Using participatory research to develop a playground-based prevention program

Abstract Low level acts of aggression in school are associated with a host of emotional arousal, social problem-solving, peer relationship, and academic difficulties. School-wide interventions may decrease aggressive interactions and promote cooperative play and social skills among students. In the current study, the authors used a participatory-action research model to co-construct a playground-based recess program in a relatively large urban elementary school. The manuscript illustrates the partnership process and how data was used to inform intervention implementation procedures. The role of psychologists working at the whole-school level is highlighted.
Preparation of mesoporous SnO2–SiO2 composite as electrodes for lithium batteries

Mesoporous SnO2–SiO2 composite stable up to 600 °C with a BET surface area of 350 m2 g−1 and an average pore size of 3.4 nm is successfully prepared, which exhibits promising cycling properties as anodes for lithium batteries.
Dose Dependence of Single Event Upset Rate in MOS dRAMS

The upset sensitivity of MOS dynamic RAMs has been found to decrease as a result of total dose irradiation, both for cobalt-60 gammas and MeV helium ions, up to the point where device failure is imminent. Device failure levels have been compared for cobalt-60 gammas, and MeV helium ions and protons. It has been found that in terms of rad(Si) necessary to cause device failure, cobalt-60 was more effective than protons which were more effective than helium ions.
A method for stimulation of cyclic AMP levels in vivo by intracerebral injection in the rat olfactory tubercle

Abstract A method is described for stimulation of cAMP levels in brain by direct injection of dopamine (DA) and other neuroactive substances. Intracerebral microinjection was preceded by intraperitoneal injection of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) to inhibit cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. In vivo adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities were terminated by focused microwave radiation and the injected tissue assayed for protein and cAMP content. Increases in cAMP levels in response to injections of DA were both time- and dose-dependent. Animals receiving only vehicle or sham injections into the olfactory tubercle had basal cAMP levels of 5 pmol/mg protein. Up to five-fold increases above basal (25 pmol cAMP/mg protein) were observed for DA. With the injection of other neuroactive substances, values ranging from 160 pmol cAMP/mg protein for norepinephrine (NE), to 15 pmol cAMP/mg protein for gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) were observed. The present study demonstrates that neuroactive substances can stimulate cAMP production in vivo when injected directly into brain tissue.
Polymer sphere lithography for solid oxide fuel cells: a route to functional, well-defined electrode structures

As a first step towards mechanistic studies of fuel cell electrodes with both well-defined and functionally representative structural features, two-dimensional anti-dot metal films with tunable features are prepared. The fabrication employs a facile, sacrificial templating method, known as polymer sphere lithography, and the resulting metal films are fully connected, yet fully porous. Using initial bead sizes in the range of 500 nm to 3.2 μm and oxygen plasma etching to remove from ¼ to ¾ of the original bead diameter, computed triple phase boundary densities in the porous films of 2,000 to 43,500 cm cm−2 are achieved. Image analysis shows the computed (theoretical) and experimental structural features to be in good agreement, demonstrating sufficient perfection in the films for electrochemical studies. Furthermore, thermal stability under hydrogen of thermally evaporated Ni films is excellent, with negligible change in triple phase boundary length as required for quantitative electrochemical measurements. Ultimately, these two-dimensional metallic networks may also serve as the platform for future fabrication of three-dimensional electrodes with truly optimized structural features.
Machine-related injuries in the US mining industry and priorities for safety research

Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health studied mining accidents that involved a worker entangled in, struck by, or in contact with machinery or equipment in motion. The motivation for this study came from the large number of severe accidents, i.e. accidents resulting in a fatality or permanent disability, that are occurring despite available interventions. Accident descriptions were taken from an accident database maintained by the United States Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, and 562 accidents that occurred during 2000-2007 fit the search criteria. Machine-related accidents accounted for 41% of all severe accidents in the mining industry during this period. Machinery most often involved in these accidents included conveyors, rock bolting machines, milling machines and haulage equipment such as trucks and loaders. The most common activities associated with these accidents were operation of the machine and maintenance and repair. The current methods to safeguard workers near machinery include mechanical guarding around moving components, lockout/tagout of machine power during maintenance and backup alarms for mobile equipment. To decrease accidents further, researchers recommend additional efforts in the development of new control technologies, training materials and dissemination of information on best practices.
Ultrastructural Study of the Nuclei in Premitotic and Repair DNA Synthesis Following UVB Injury

Ultrastructural changes in nuclei synthesizing DNA were studied by cytochemical technique. Guinea pig ears were UVB irradiated and TdR-H 3 was injected intradermally into the irradiated sites 1 hr before biopsy. Areas of the epidermis containing more than 80% of cells in DNA (repair or premitotic) synthesis identified by light microscopic autoradiography were selected and cut at 600 A. The glycolmethacrylate sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and consecutive sections were incubated with 0.01% pronase and 0.5% RNase before staining in order to observe DNA. In cells undergoing DNA repair, the zone of DNA became discontinuous and DNA was scattered throughout the entire karyoplasm as small aggregates and fine filaments. Nuclei in S-phase showed essentially the same change, but quantitatively the disappearance of DNA from the nuclear membrane and distribution in the karyoplasm became much greater. These changes were not seen in specimens treated without cytochemical technique.
The King–Devick (K–D) test of rapid eye movements: A bedside correlate of disability and quality of life in MS

Abstract Objective We investigated the King–Devick (K–D) test of rapid number naming as a visual performance measure in a cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods In this cross-sectional study, 81 patients with MS and 20 disease-free controls from an ongoing study of visual outcomes underwent K–D testing. A test of rapid number naming, K–D requires saccadic eye movements as well as intact vision, attention and concentration. To perform the K–D test, participants are asked to read numbers aloud as quickly as possible from three test cards; the sum of the three test card times in seconds constitutes the summary score. High-contrast visual acuity (VA), low-contrast letter acuity (1.25% and 2.5% levels), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT), MS Functional Composite (MSFC) and vision-specific quality of life (QOL) measures (25-Item NEI Visual Functioning Questionnaire [NEI-VFQ-25] and 10-Item Neuro-Ophthalmic Supplement) were also assessed. Results K–D time scores in the MS cohort (total time to read the three test cards) were significantly higher (worse) compared to those for disease-free controls (P = 0.003, linear regression, accounting for age). Within the MS cohort, higher K–D scores were associated with worse scores for the NEI-VFQ-25 composite (P Conclusions The K–D test, a
Planning tools for Mars surface operations: Human-Computer Interaction lessons learned

This paper presents Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) lessons learned over the course of design, development, and operation of activity planning tools on the Mars Exploration Rovers, the Phoenix Mars Lander, and looking ahead to the upcoming Mars Science Laboratory.
Echocardiography, a non-invasive method for the investigation of heart morphology and function in laboratory dogs: 1. Method and reference values for M-mode parameters

We have set up M-mode echocardiographic (EC) recording in beagles in our laboratory and generated reference values for EC indicators of left ventricle function and morphology. Additionally we assessed the effects of sex, strain and body weight on these parameters and the correlation between parameters. M-mode EC under two-dimensional guidance in longitudinal section was performed on 59 male and 49 female beagles from Marshall (USA) and 13 males and 13 females from Harlan (France). The following parameters were measured or calculated: left ventricle internal diameter in diastole and systole (LVIDd and LVIDs), left ventricle and diastolic and end systolic and stroke volumes (EDV, ESV and SV), cardiac output and index (CO and CI), fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), the thickness of the septum and left ventricle posterior wall in diastole (STd and LVPWd) and systole (STs and LVPWs), the percentage of thickening of the septum and left posterior wall (PST and PWT), and the mean and maximal velocities of the left ventricle posterior wall (PWVm and PWVM). Heart rate (HR) was measured by cardiac auscultation. Marshall dogs have higher left ventricle dimensions but lower amplitude and velocity of contraction than Harlan dogs. There were also statistically significant differences between sexes for a number of EC parameters mainly those relating to the size of the left ventricle walls or cavity in diastole. Overall these differences were explained by the correlation between these parameters and body weight. Heart rate correlated only with PWVm and PWVM. There were positive correlations between PST, PWT and EF or FS and between velocities and FS or EF. EDV correlates negatively with EF, FS, PST or PWT.
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase and Plasma Amine Oxidase in Psychiatric Patients

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and plasma amine oxidase (PAO) activities were determined in 70 normal controls and 76 psychiatric patients. Platelet MAO activity did not differ between the normal controls and patients diagnosed as schizophrenic or primary affective illness, although there was a strong trend for chronic schizophrenics to have lower MAO activity. Schizophrenic patients with Schneiderian-type hallucinatiions had significantly lower MAO activity than normal controls or schizophrenic patients who did not hallucinate. There was no relationship between hallucinations and platelet MAO activity in patients with affective psychoses. Paranoid schizophrenics did not have significantly different MAO activity from nonparanoid schizophrenics. PAO activity was generally lower in all diagnostic groups than in normal controls, but the results were statistically significant only for acute schizophrenics.
Hot Dog Vapor-Induced Status Asthmaticus

Background Asthma induced by the inhalation of food vapors is unusual and indicative of extreme allergy. Identification of the specific cause and subsequent avoidance is essential. Methods We report a patient with asthma who had status asthmaticus following inhalation of boiling hot dog vapors. Prick skin tests were performed to various ingredients of the offending hot dog including chicken, pork, potato, and the aeroallergens. Results Prick skin tests reacted strongly to chicken and mildly to pork and potato. There was no reaction to aeroallergens. Our patient has not had any acute asthma after avoiding eating and exposure to chicken and hot dog vapors. Conclusions Exquisite allergy to chicken was responsible for acute asthma.
Renal failure in children with hepatic failure undergoing liver transplantation.

Over a 3 1/2 year period, 133 children with hepatic failure underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) at our center. Renal failure (creatinine clearance 2 ) was present in 19 (14.3%) of these children. In seven of the 19 children, renal failure was present before OLT, and in the other 12 after OLT. The causes of renal failure included hepatorenal syndrome in seven, postlschemic acute tubular necrosis in five, severe prerenal azotemla in five, and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in two. Elght other patients died of renal failure while awaiting emergency transpoantation. Of the total of 31 deaths among 133 children who underwent OLT, nine occurred in the 19 patients with renal failure. Thus patients with OLT and renal failure had a significantly higher mortality than other patients with transplants (P
Late-onset recurrent mania as a manifestation of Wallenberg syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

Objective The aim of the present case report was to describe the late onset of recurrent mania in a patient after ischemic injury to the cerebellum and dorsolateral medulla. Methods We studied an 86-year-old male with no prior psychiatric history who developed recurrent episodes of mania following a brain stroke. Additionally, he had neurological symptom constellation typical of Wallenberg syndrome. Results Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed infarction in the inferomedial right cerebellar hemisphere and the right dorsolateral medulla in the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) distribution. He was successfully managed with a combination of antipsychotic and mood-stabilizer medications. Conclusions Post-stroke mania may be one of the rare manifestations of Wallenberg syndrome. This case adds to the emerging literature on cerebellar involvement in mood regulation and pathology of mania.
The effects of sickling on ion transport. II. The effect of sickling on sodium and cesium transport.

When the red cells from patients with sickle cell anemia (S-S) were kept in the disk shape by incubation in O(2), they maintained cell sodium in the steady state for at least 10 hours. The sodium flux in such cells at 37 degrees C. was 6.0 +/- 1.5 m.eq./ (liters RBC) x (hours). When S-S cells were sickled by incubation in N(2), sodium outflux increased two- to threefold, while influx increased four- to fivefold and the cells gained net sodium. A small but undetermined fraction of the sodium in disk and sickle shaped S-S cells exchanges at one or more rates which are substantially slower than those calculated here from the initial rate of transfer of tracer from cells to the medium. The penetration of tracer Cs into normal and both disk and sickled S-S cells was markedly inhibited by increasing the K concentration in the medium, indicating that Cs and K compete for an entrance pathway in all three cell types. The ratio of the inward rate constant for tracer Cs to that for K(42) in normal and disk-shaped S-S cells increased only slightly when the K concentration in the medium was increased, indicating that almost all the Cs entered such cells in competition with K. Sickling accelerated the entrance of tracer cesium into S-S cells. Furthermore, the rate constant ratio increased with increasing external K concentration in sickled cells, suggesting the simultaneous presence of a non-competitive route for cesium influx in this cell type. The results are interpreted to support the view that sickling (a) accelerates inward transport of K and Cs and outward transport of Na by a non-diffusion, assumed carrier, process and (b) opens pathways for the diffusion of all three ions.
Meandre: Semantic-Driven Data-Intensive Flows in the Clouds

Data-intensive flow computing allows efficient processing of large volumes of data otherwise unapproachable. This paper introduces a new semantic-driven data-intensive flow infrastructure which: (1) provides a robust and transparent scalable solution from a laptop to large-scale clusters,(2) creates an unified solution for batch and interactive tasks in high-performance computing environments, and (3) encourages reusing and sharing components. Banking on virtualization and cloud computing techniques the Meandre infrastructure is able to create and dispose Meandre clusters on demand, being transparent to the final user. This paper also presents a prototype of such clustered infrastructure and some results obtained using it.
Necrotizing fasciitis secondary to bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is an uncommon consequence of biphosphonate therapy. This has most commonly been a bone complication with little if any soft tissue involvement. An unusual case of necrotizing fasciitis with extensive soft tissue infection stemming from a prolonged case of osteonecrosis of the jaw presented. The management of this patient (aggressive surgical debridement and prolonged wound care) is reviewed as well as the review of the underlying processes.
The Melting Relations of Iron, and Temperatures in the Earth's Core

Summary Thermodynamic data on the phases of iron are assembled in the form of speculative projections on the temperature-volume plane. Following a proposal by Kraut and Kennedy, the melting curves, for each phase, are assumed to be straight lines in this representation. As the position of the triple point, gamma-epsilon-liquid, is unknown, two hypothetical locations are considered: (1) at about 4Mb, (2) at about 1 Mb. In the former case, the gamma phase is in equilibrium with the liquid at core pressures, in the latter, the epsilon phase. Nothing is known directly about the slopes of these melting curves, but the gamma melting temperatures are estimated to lie some 700" above the projection given by Higgins and Kennedy, with epsilon melting temperatures still higher. The relation of the isentropes of the liquid to these melting curves is also unknown, but ' conventional ' isentropes, originating on the melting curve, may be found which lie in the liquid field at the pressures of the outer core. Application to the Earth is complicated by the requirement for a light alloying element in the outer core; if the alloying element is silicon, a proportion of about 15 per cent by weight accounts satisfactorily for the density-velocity relation. The phase relations may be considerably modified by the presence of so much silicon: it is conjectured that the gamma phase is suppressed or confined to low pressures, that the epsilon phase will be the stable solid phase at core pressures, and that the isentrope originating at the melting temperature of the inner core-outer core boundary lies entirely in the liquid phase.
Effect of a specialized prenatal clinic on medical student attitudes toward women with drinking problems.

Objective. To determine if student attendance at a specialized prenatal clinic would yield any change in their comfort level and in their attitudes toward pregnant women with drinking problems.Methods. A total of 117 third-year students rotating consecutively on our core obstetrics–gynecology clerkship consented to enrolling in this prospective cohort study between February 2004 and June 2005. Each was assigned either to attend a half-day prenatal clinic designed specifically for women with alcohol and substance use disorders (study group) or not to attend the clinic (control group). The students answered anonymously a 15-question survey (using a 5-point Likert scale from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’) at the beginning and at the midway point of the eight-week clerkship. Scores averaged for each question at the two points were compared within and between the two groups using paired-samples and independent-samples t-tests.Results. No differences in responses to the survey were found between the s...
Tipping points, butterflies, and black swans: a vision for spatio-temporal data mining analysis

Tipping points represent significant shifts that change the general understanding or belief of a given study area. The recent late winter 2011 events in the Mid-East and climate-level changes raise issues of whether such events are the result of random factors, tipping points, chaos theory or completely unpredicted black swans. Our vision is to understand how spatiotemporal data mining analysis can discover key variables and relationships involved in spatial temporal events and better detect when mining may give completely spurious results. One of the main challenges in discovering tipping point-like events is that the general assumptions inherent in any technique may become violated after an event occurs. In this paper, we explore our vision and relevant challenges to discover tipping point-like events in spatio-temporal environments.
Carpet cloak with graded dielectric metasurface (Presentation Recording)

We demonstrate a method to hide a Gaussian-shaped bump on a ground plane from an incoming plane wave. In essence, we use a graded metasurface to shape the wavefronts like those of a flat ground plane[1,2].The metasurface provides additional phase to the electromagnetic field to control the reflection angle. To mimic a flat ground plane, the reflection angle is chosen to be equal to the incident angle. The desired phase distribution is calculated based on generalized Snell’s laws[3]. We design our metasurface in the microwave range using sub-wavelength dielectric resonators. We verify the design by full-wave time-domain simulations and show that the result matches our theory well. This approach can be applied to hide any object on a ground plane not only at microwave frequencies but also at higher frequencies up to the infrared. 1. Jensen Li and J. B. Pendry, Hiding under the Carpet: A New Strategy for Cloaking. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 203901 (2008) 2. Andrea Alu, Mantle cloak: Invisibility induced by a surface. Phys. Rev. B 80, 245115 (2009) 3. Yu N, et al. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: Generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science 334(6054):333–337 (2011)
Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Mauroniscidae Majer, 1994

Diversity in Peru: 2 genera, 5 species. Recognition: Adults of the family Mauroniscidae are similar to melyrids of the subfamily Dasytinae, but recognized by their small size, usually 3–4 mm; color, often with elytra and legs pale; head and mouthparts of some narrowed and elongated; antennae often with terminal antennomeres enlarged forming a loose club; and tarsal claws not toothed and lacking membranous appendages. Adults are not sexually dimorphic and the sexes are very difficult to distinguish. Larvae are unknown. Habitat: Adults of Mauroniscidae typically occur in desert regions where they can be found on flowers feeding on nectar, pollen, and occasionally other arthropods. Personal observations (AJM) suggest adults are active primarily in the morning and in the afternoon, and can be collected beating or sweeping flowers of desert plants in the families Asteraceae (Puecephyllum), Bignoniaceae (Chilopsis), Chenopodiaceae (Atriplex), Lamiaceae (Hyptis), Loasaceae (Eucnide, Mentzelia), and Rosaceae (Fallugia). The larvae and thus biology of species of Mauroniscidae is completely unknown. Notes: The family Mauroniscidae was described by Majer (1994) based primarily on characters of the antennomeres, mouthparts and tarsal claws (see above). Recent molecular data (Bocakova et al., 2011) confirm placement of the family as a basal clade within the melyrid lineage. The family is known only from the Americas ranging from Chile and Argentina North to the southwestern United States where some species occur as far east as Kansas. Blackwelder (1957) did not report members of this recently described family from Peru. However, some species can be found listed under the genera Dasytes (Dasytes titschacki Pic) and Sydates (Sydates discipennis Pic) in Melyridae. The five genera and 27 species of Mauroniscidae were monographed by Majer (1995), who recorded five species in two genera from Peru. The main characters that will differentiate species of Mauroniscidae from other families of the melyrid lineage in Peru, are the small size, and simple tarsal claws lacking membranous (ungual) appendages. Most recently, Howell (1997) described Mecomycter majeri from the Sonoran desert region of southern California. All members of the family occur in desert or prairie regions, and there are probably many new species to be found in the desert regions of Peru. Images of a few North American species can be found on BugGuide at http://bugguide.net/node/view/ 748441. The following checklist of validated names was derived from Majer (1995).
Medicaid, elective shares, and the ghosts of tenures past

Legislators and administrators understandably struggle to ensure that Medicaid benefits are paid only to those who meet the criteria for financial need. Thus, Medicaid benefits will be denied to those who have "available" any "resources" above a certain small reserve. The definition of "available resources" and the application of that definition, however, have finally expanded so far that certain traditional property law concepts seem to disappear. Court opinions not only routinely uphold these regulations but go on to excoriate such estate planning techniques in harshest terms, even in cases where Medicaid qualification clearly was not the goal. Meanwhile, many citizens who engage in overt Medicaid planning are the same citizens who would never lie on their tax returns, hide assets from their spouses, or make false statements in order to qualify for housing or food assistance. This article explores these phenomena in light of the common law's evolving conceptions of "property", particularly as these are reflected in the history of the elective share and its ancestor, dower. The pressures created by unimagined high costs of such care may have called forth something very ancient - the sense that "property" may not be a thing at all, and that "property rights" may not be natural rights that we possess as individuals in some pre-social context, but that both point instead to a complex system of mutual and reciprocal obligations that develops as the State and its citizens struggle to allocate scarce resources among them.
Nanoemulsions for Intravenous Drug Delivery

Emulsions have been broadly defined as two immiscible phases dispersed within another (Becher, 2001). In principle, this definition could apply to a number of systems including, but not limited to, gas-in-liquid,...
Application of Jiles-Atherton Model for Modelling Magnetization Characteristics of Textured Electrical Steel Magnetized in Easy or Hard Axis

Paper presents the results of application of extended Jiles-Atherton model for modeling of the magnetic hysteresis loops of anisotropic, grain oriented Unisil M130-27s silicon electrical steel. During the modeling both anisotropy of the magnetic material as well as changes of average energy required to break pinning site were considered. Moreover, equation determining anisotropic anhysteretic magnetization was corrected to be coherent with isotropic model. Parameters of the model were determined during the evolutional strategy-based optimization process simultaneously considering six hysteresis loops measured for different value of amplitude of magnetizing field as well as for magnetization in direction of the easy and hard axis of the magnetic material. Source code for this process is available at the web page. High level of agreement between experimental results and results of modeling was achieved and confirmed by the value of coefficient of determination. Simultaneous determination of Jiles-Atherton model parameters based on six hysteresis loops enables successful assessment of average anisotropy energy density during the optimization process. Moreover, set of nine Jiles-Atherton model’s parameters is suitable to model functional characteristics of the magnetic core made of silicon electrical steel necessary for numerical optimization of construction of electric and electronic devices.
Macrocytosis in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI's)

15583 Background: Sunitinib and sorafenib are TKIs with inhibitory activity against a variety of kinases including VEGFR, PDGFR, and cKIT, as well as significant clinical activity in mRCC. Off targ...
Sequential Immunization of Laboratory Personnel with Influenza A/New Jersey/76 Split- and Whole-Virus Vaccines

One hundred thirty-three healthy, at-risk Fort Detrick laboratory workers were inoculated with 400 chick cell-agglutinating (CCA) units of influenza A/New Jersey/76 split-virus vaccine (Wyeth Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pa.). Systemic and local reactions were infrequent, mild, and comparable to those of a sham-vaccinated group of volunteers. Only 28% of subjects 19-24 years old developed titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody of greater than or equal to 1:20, whereas titers of 91%-100% of subjects 25-62 years old reached this level. Thirty-one vaccinated subjects with no or low titers of antibody were given a booster dose (400 CCA units) of Wyeth vaccine six weeks after the first inoculation. Only 58%-67% of these vaccinees achieved HAI titers of greater than or equal to 1:20 after the booster. Fourteen persons required a second booster dose for protection; after vaccination with 400 CCA units of whole-virus vaccine from Merck Sharp and Dohme (West Point, Pa.), 89%-100% of the 14 vaccinees finally achieved HAI titers of greater than or equal to 1:20. The split-virus vaccine was safe, but it was poorly antigenic as a primary vaccine in persons 19-24 years old and as a booster in persons of all ages who have poor antibody responses in general.
Analysis of Referral Networks in Marketing: Methods and Illustration:

Though many marketers—particularly those in the service sector—depend on word of mouth (WOM) for referrals, the traditional sample survey methodology used in previous WOM research does not explicat...
High bandwidth and low-leakage current InP-In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-InP DBHTs on GaAs substrates

InP-In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) were grown on GaAs substrates. A 284-GHz power-gain cutoff frequency f/sub max/ and a 216-GHz current-gain cutoff frequency f/sub /spl tau// were obtained, presently the highest reported values for metamorphic HBTs. The breakdown voltage BV/sub CEO/ was >5 V while the dc current gain /spl beta/ was 21. High thermal conductivity InP metamorphic buffer layers were employed in order to minimize the device thermal resistance.
Effect evaluation of behavioral and psychological intervention among HIV/AIDS patients and their spouses in Huaian City

[Objective]To evaluate the effect of behavioral intervention on HIV/AIDS patients and their spouses.[Methods]The behavioral intervention was conducted in HIV/AIDS patients and their spouses.The questionnaire survey and HIV antibody detection were performed before intervention and half a year after intervention.[Results]77 and 69 HIV/AIDS patients and their spouses were investigated before and after intervention respectively.The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge in HIV/AIDS patients and their spouses respectively increased from 80.5% and 81.82% before intervention to 94.20% and 94.20% after intervention,and the proportion of condom use in sexual behavior between spouses rose from 79.20% to 91.11%.The incidence rate of depression in HIV/AIDS patients and their spouses respectively decreased from 53.25% and 42.86% before intervention to 36.23% and 26.09% after intervention.[Conclusion]It is effective to carry out behavioral intervention among HIV/AIDS patients and their spouses,which can improve the symptoms of depression and enhance the quality of life.