cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Multilayer Aperture-Coupled Cavity Resonator for Millimeter-Wave CMOS RFICs

A novel millimeter-wave cavity resonator, completely compatible with commercial CMOS fabrication techniques, has been designed and fabricated in a 0.25-mum CMOS process and tested. The resonator employs a capacitively loaded cavity topology effectively implemented using the CMOS multimetal-layer and via-hole structure. The CMOS capacitively loaded cavity resonator, including two coupling apertures and microstrip feed lines, occupies an area of 2 mmtimes1.4 mmtimes6.28 mum, which is much smaller than the cavity resonator designed without a capacitive load at the same resonant frequency. It resonates at 30 GHz with a corresponding insertion loss of 2 dB and unloaded quality factor of 22.2. The resonant-frequency reduction is approximately 50%, as compared to that without the capacitive load. The design and performance of a new CMOS coupling aperture, which is useful as a coupling mechanism and a vertical interconnect for highly dense millimeter-wave CMOS RF integrated circuits (RFICs) are also presented. The developed low-loss and compact CMOS cavity resonator can be used to realize various millimeter-wave on-chip passive components such as wideband bandpass filters and diplexers and is suitable for direct integration with other CMOS circuits on a single chip. It is attractive for CMOS RFIC design at millimeter-wave frequencies
Policy management of enterprise systems: a requirements study

Policy enabled applications are being increasingly employed to support responsive information technology services. In competitive business environments, such services increase adaptability of both software and the processes they implement through externalized business and security logic. Over the last decade this has driven both industry and academia to contribute to policy research and engineering, by developing specification languages, frameworks and toolkits. Since this work has typically been applied to and evaluated using new enterprise solutions, policy management for existing applications has been less well studied. In this paper we share our experiences on policy enabling an existing Web based solution, together with identifying new policy enabling requirements from a specific class of enterprise systems.
The examination of the heart: The importance of initial screening

The screening examination of the heart and blood vessels require the use of the history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and chest x-ray film. The relevant anatomy, pathology, and physiology responsible for the abnormalities found by using these methods of examination must be understood. The abnormalities that can be detected by the use of these methods of examination are discussed in this monograph. The techniques themselves are referred to as being low technology. The skill required in the use of these methods must be developed to its fullest. The data collected by using the history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and chest x-ray film must be carefully analyzed in order for the examiner to diagnose the patient's cardiac problem. When possible, a complete cardiac diagnosis should be made according to guidelines formulated by the New York Heart Association. The four elements of a complete diagnosis are: Etiology, anatomy, physiology, and cardiac status and prognosis. In many cases, no additional data are needed and no additional data should be collected. When it is not possible to create a complete cardiac diagnosis from this information, the examiner must determine if it is wise and proper, given the patient's other health problems, to collect additional data that would permit a complete cardiac diagnosis. This effort hones the judgmental skill of the physician. When the cardiac diagnosis remains incomplete, or when a complete cardiac diagnosis is made but additional information is needed for follow-up purposes, carefully selected high technology should be used. With the unanswered questions in mind, the procedure used should be the one that answers the question with a predictive value that permits a defensible clinical decision. A complete medical problem list should be created for every patient. The cardiovascular problem must always be viewed in the context of other medical problems; there is no other way to make a sound judgment regarding the care of the patient with heart disease. When low technology, consisting of the history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and chest x-ray film, is used poorly it is very likely that high technology will be used poorly. It is not possible to take a second step (high technology) without taking a well placed first step (low technology).
The adaptive value of preference for immediacy: when shortsighted rules have farsighted consequences

Results from the operant laboratory suggest that short-term benefits guide animal feeding decisions. These results appear to contradict evolutionarily-motivated models of foraging that emphasize long-term benefits. Because of this contradiction, some behavioral ecologists argue that natural selection must favor short-term benefits in some unknown way. This study addresses the contradiction by testing the feeding preferences of captive blue jays in two economically equivalent situations. The first situation follows the operant literature’s ‘‘self-control’’ paradigm; jays make a binary choice between small-immediate and large-delayed options. The second situation is modeled on patch-use problems; the jays make a leave-stay decision in which ‘‘leaving’’ leads to small amount in a short time, and ‘‘staying’’ leads to larger amount in a longer time. In the self-control situations, the observed outcome agrees with short-term rate maximizing, as other investigators have reported. In the patch situation, the results agree more closely with long-term rate maximizing. The text explains how a rule of preference based on short-term rate comparisons can account for both situations. It is argued that natural selection may have favored short-term rules because they have long-term consequences in many natural foraging situations. Key words: blue jay, foraging, prey, self-control. [Behav Ecol 12:330–339 (2001)]
Is complementary and alternative medicine compatible with evidence-based medicine?

Over the past 2 decades, the concepts, methods, and terminology of EBM have come to dominate human medicine. Health-care institutions and physicians have come to recognize that clinical decisions made on the basis of individual experience, intuition, tradition, reasoning from basic principles, and the advice and opinions of respected clinicians and teachers are less reliable than those based on high-quality clinical research and, as a result, have begun to rely on the principles and techniques of EBM as an aid to clinical decision making. The same shift is happening, albeit at a somewhat slower pace, in veterinary medicine. Although veterinarians must confront various special challenges when trying to adopt an EBVM approach, it is widely accepted that the inadequacies of other models for clinical decision making are great enough to justify moving
Transient involvement of signal recognition particle and its receptor in the microsomal membrane prior to protein translocation.

Abstract We have shown that neither the signal recognition particle (SRP) nor the SRP receptor is directly involved in the maintenance of a ribosome-membrane junction for the translocation of secretory proteins. We found that the purified SRP receptor releases the signal-sequence-induced and SRP-mediated elongation arrest of synthesis by displacing SRP from the ribosome. This SRP displacement was not accompanied by binding of the SRP receptor to the ribosome. Using intact microsomal membranes as a source of the SRP receptor, we found that both SRP displacement and binding of the elongation-arrested ribosome to the membrane can occur at 0°C, by a mechanism that is independent of chain elongation.
Multimedia-where things stand currently

Multimedia is the combination of text, graphics, audio, animation, and full-motion video. To realize a multimedia platform, traditional magnetic disks and simple graphics cards and displays are not enough. Compact disk drives must be used for storage and super VGA adapters are needed for the graphics. The paper explains the hardware requirements of a multimedia computer system and describes some of the first multimedia products that have come to market. Each of the hardware subsystems has been used before, separately, but the integration of these systems is a much more complicated task. >
Genetic regulation of glycogen biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: in vitro effects of cyclic AMP and guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate and analysis of in vivo transcripts.

Abstract Glycogen accumulation in Escherichia coli is inversely related to the growth rate and occurs most actively when cells enter the stationary phase. The levels of the three biosynthetic enzymes undergo corresponding changes under these conditions, suggesting that genetic control of enzyme biosynthesis may account for at least part of the regulation (J. Preiss, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 38:419-458, 1984). We have begun to explore the molecular basis of this control by identifying factors which affect the expression of the glycogen genes and by determining the 5'-flanking regions required to mediate the regulatory effects. The in vitro coupled transcription-translation of two of the biosynthetic genes, glgC (ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase) and glgA (glycogen synthase), was enhanced up to 26- and 10-fold, respectively, by cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP receptor protein (CRP). Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate stimulated the expression of these genes 3.6- and 1.8-fold, respectively. The expression of glgB (glycogen branching enzyme) was affected weakly or negligibly by the above-mentioned compounds. Assays which measured the in vitro formation of the first dipeptide of glgC showed that a restriction fragment which contained 0.5 kilobases of DNA upstream from the initiation codon supported cAMP-CRP-activated expression. Sequence-specific binding of cAMP-CRP to a 243-base-pair restriction fragment from the region upstream from glgC was observed by virtue of the altered electrophoretic mobility of the bound DNA. S1 nuclease protection analysis identified 5' termini of four in vivo transcripts within 0.5 kilobases of the glgC coding region. The relative concentrations of transcripts were higher in the early stationary phase than in the exponential phase. Two mutants which overproduced the biosynthesis enzymes accumulated elevated levels of specific transcripts. The 5' termini of three of the transcripts were mapped to a high resolution. Their upstream sequences showed weak similarity to the E. coli consensus promoter. These results suggest complex transcriptional regulation of the glycogen biosynthesis genes involving multiple promoter sites and direct control of gene expression by at least two global regulatory systems.
The Light Load Issue of Coupled Inductor Laptop Voltage Regulators and its solutions

This paper illustrates the low light load efficiency issue of a coupled inductor laptop voltage regulator (VR). Solutions to solve this low light load efficiency issue are investigated. Experiments are implemented and the proposed solutions are verified by the experimental results. They are promising solutions for the future of laptop VRs.
Dietary cholesterol is less atherogenic than saturated fat in hamsters with low plasma nonHDL-cholesterol, but more atherogenic when plasma nonHDL-cholesterol is high

Abstract The aims of the present study were to examine the characteristics of plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and the development of early atherosclerosis at comparable plasma LDL levels in male Syrian Golden hamsters fed either a high saturated fat diet containing various levels of dietary coconut oil with out cholesterol (coconut oil diets) (n = 48) compared with those fed a high saturated fat diet containing cocoa butter and various levels of dietary cholesterol (0.05 –0.2% by weight) (cholesterol diets) (n = 48) for 10 weeks. In hamsters with similar LOW plasma very low and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL-C) levels ( 1.9 mmol/L), the hamsters fed the cholesterol diets had significantly more atherosclerosis compared to the hamsters fed the coconut oil diets. The hamsters fed the cholesterol diets with similar HIGH plasma nonHDL-C had significantly higher hepatic cholesterol ester levels and larger LDL particle size compared to hamsters fed the coconut oil diets. Also, the hamsters fed the cholesterol diets with similar LOW plasma nonHDL-C had significantly higher LDL γ-tocopherol, which was associated with a slower rate of LDL oxidation (propagation phase) compared to hamsters fed the coconut oil diets. In summary, in animals with lower plasma nonHDL-C levels, the degree of early aortic atherosclerosis was less with cholesterol feeding; however at higher plasma nonHDL-C levels, increases in early aortic atherosclerosis were observed in cholesterol- compared to the coconut oil-fed hamsters.
The Threshold of Cooperation Among Adaptive Agents: Pavlov and the Stag Hunt

Why is it that in an animal society, persistent selfishness is quite rare yet in human society, even strict laws and severe punishment do not eliminate selfish action against the interests of the whole? Stochastic learning agents called Pavlov strategies are used to model interactions in the multi-agent 2×2 Stag Hunt matrix game, a close relative of the Prisoner's Dilemma. Markov chain methods and computer simulations establish a threshold learning rate for the stability of cooperation. A society of rapidly adapting agents may suffer strife and dissension while another society with slower learning agents will enjoy the benefits of virtually complete cooperation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium minutissimum, an Opportunistic Pathogen and the Causative Agent of Erythrasma

ABSTRACT Corynebacterium minutissimum was first isolated in 1961 from infection sites of patients presenting with erythrasma, a common cutaneous infection characterized by a rash. Since its discovery, C. minutissimum has been identified as an opportunistic pathogen in immunosuppressed cancer and HIV patients. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of C. minutissimum.
Cross Layer Performance Evaluation of a Software Defined Radio UWB Receiver using Turbo Decoding

The design of a software defined radio (SDR) receiver is a persisting research challenge. Our research work makes an attempt to utilize wideband transmission techniques like ultra-wideband (UWB) for the detailed cross-layer design of a SDR receiver. But UWB signals are prone to severe multipath fading. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is introduced in our SDR receiver since it is robust to multipath fading. The addition of iterative Turbo decoding further improves the performance of the SDR receiver in such scenario. Additionally, rake filtering is included for optimal coherence of multipath components. The performance of the receiver has been evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER) analysis in severe multipath faded channels with exponential power delay profile. Dynamic channel assignment is performed by the cognitive radio and the multi-access interference power due to such allocations considering adjacent SDR receivers has been characterized and evaluated in our MAC layer simulations.
Echocardiography Allows for Direct Analysis of Pulmonary Arterial Flow and Right Ventricular Function in Slit3 Knockout Mice with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

addition of PKA inhibitors before IEC-6 infection with CS prevents CS-induced apoptosis (p<0.005). Western blot analysis revealed a reduction in PKA and caspase 3 expression in IEC-6 cells with PKA siRNA knockdown. Pups given PKA inhibitors before induction of experimental NEC had significantly lower mortality (p < 0.001), less intestinal injury (p< 0.001), and decreased intestinal apoptosis as compared with controls.
A Forced Labor Theory of Property and Taxation

One of the great accomplishments of civilization is to force its members to work and save more than they otherwise might. It does this, first and foremost, through property law, which restricts the access of ordinary members to the necessities of life unless they work. In exchange, civilization facilitates the accumulation of social capital, making work more productive and life ultimately more pleasant. Property deprives humans of their natural liberty to hunt and gather. Taxation permits civilization to make payment for this deprivation and justify the resulting forced labor. This is civilization’s grand bargain.The foregoing theory, if true, has at least two important implications.First, in Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Robert Nozick famously asserts that “[s]eizing the results of someone’s labor [e.g., taxing them] is equivalent to seizing hours from him and directing him to carry on various activities.” This, he claims, is illegitimate. He intends, of course, to apply this claim only to explicit taxation. But to the extent my theory is true, he must perforce assert that the grand bargain upon which civilization is based is itself illegitimate. I assert, to the contrary, that the uneven distribution of property rights without the creation of social capital is theft, and that taxation, explicit or implicit, facilitates the creation of such capital.Second, optimal tax theory is based in part on the assumption that the amount members would work and save in the absence of tax maximizes preference satisfaction and therefore welfare. To the extent tax distorts such choices, the argument goes, it is welfare-reducing. But taking only half of the grand bargain as one’s baseline is intellectually incoherent. It is the essence of that bargain to change mankind’s natural preferences with respect to work and savings. My theory, if true, implies, among other things, that: (1) lump sum taxation is not welfare-maximizing, (2) taking distributive consequences into account in structuring non-tax law is not necessarily welfare-reducing, (3) income from capital should be taxed at the same or higher rates as income from labor and may be so taxed without reducing investment in social capital, and (4) optimal tax theory claims founded on the assumption that taxation is inherently distortive – for example, Harberger’s tax deadweight loss conclusion or Mirrlees’ conclusion that progressive marginal tax rates reduce welfare – require significant qualification.
Low-dose fourth ventricular bombesin selectively suppresses food intake

Bombesin (BBS) administered into the lateral cerebral ventricles suppresses food intake. Suppression of food intake, however, is accompanied by arousal of competing behaviors such as grooming and increased locomotion, which are atypical of normal satiety. We have found that BBS infused into the fourth cerebral ventricle in rats reduces food intake at doses one-tenth to one-hundredth of those required via the lateral ventricle. In addition, the lowest fourth ventricular dose that significantly reduced food intake did not increase locomotor activity. These data suggest that the hindbrain may be a more sensitive site for BBS-induced suppression of feeding than forebrain sites and that feeding and locomotor effects of BBS may involve dissociable neural substrates.
First Vintage: wine in colonial New South Wales

Julie McIntyre has produced an attractive, informative history of wine in New South Wales that will appeal to both historians and those generally curious about Australian wine. First Vintage is a c...
A Robust Statistical Model for the Evaporation of Multicomponent-Fuel Drops

A statistical formulation is developed describing the composition in an evaporating multicomponent-fuel liquid drop and in the gas phase surrounding it. The initial fuel composition is speciÞed by a Gamma Probability Distribution Function (PDF) according to Continuous Thermodynamics (CT) results. Using a discrete-component model and the classical quasi-steady gas phase assumption with respect to the liquid, it is shown that when drops are immersed in a carrier gas containing fuel vapor, condensation of species onto the drop results in the development of a minor peak in the liquid composition PDF. This peak changes the mathematical form of the PDF to a shape that can be viewed as a superposition of two Gamma PDFs. Based on such a superposition of two Gamma PDFs, called the double-Γ−PDF, and using CT concepts combined with the quasi-steady gas phase assumption, a model is developed for calculating the parameters of the double-Γ−PDF. Extensive tests of the model for diesel fuel show that the double-Γ−PDF results replicate accurately the discrete model predictions. Most important, the mean and variance of the composition at the drop surface, which determine the gas phase composition, are in excellent agreement with the discrete model. Results from the model show that although the second peak is minor for the liquid PDF, its corresponding peak for the vapor distribution at the drop surface has a comparable magnitude to and sometimes exceeds that which corresponds to the Þrst peak.
Applying the Mixed Methods Instrument Development and Construct Validation Process: the Transformative Experience Questionnaire.

Onwuegbuzie and colleagues proposed the Instrument Development and Construct Validation (IDCV) process as a mixed methods framework for creating and validating measures. Examples applying IDCV are lacking. We provide an illustrative case integrating the Rasch model and cognitive interviews applied to the development of the Transformative Experience Questionnaire (TEQ). TEQ measures student engagement with the content they are learning. IDCV process yielded a high degree of utility for informing the psychometric properties of the TEQ. The quantitative data yielded supportive content, construct, and concurrent-related validity evidence using a sample of middle (n = 115) and high school students (n = 81). The qualitative data revealed item rewording was needed. Moderate to strong test–retest reliability was found for both forms.
'Consent Search' Exception to Fourth Amendment Prohibition Against Unreasonable Searches & Seizures

This 15-page 2008 article is titled ‘Consent Search’ Exception to Fourth Amendment Prohibition Against Unreasonable Searches & Seizures. It was published in The Trooper magazine. The article analyses consent searches and waiver of the Fourth Amendment, as examined from the perspective of law enforcement officers. Topics include (1) whether consent was actually given, (2) whether the consent that was obtained was voluntary under a totality of the circumstances, (3) the spatial and temporary scope of the consent given, and (4) the third person consent issue of whether the police honestly and reasonably believe that the relationship between the consenter and the one against whom the evidence is admitted justifies a belief that they had joint access and/or assumed the risk as against each other.
Effects of winter and summer energy levels on heifer growth and reproductive performance.

Three heifer development trials were conducted with 337 crossbred heifers (125, 105 and 107 heifers in trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively) over a 3-year period. Heifers were fed low quality fescue hay ad libitum plus 0, 1.22 or 2.45 kg of ground ear corn (GEC) daily during the winter feeding phase of all three trials. Winter gains and final winter and summer condition scores increased (P less than .05) in each trial as winter level of GEC increased. In each trial, summer gains followed the reverse order of winter gains (P less than .05). Conception rate, mean number of days pregnant (as determined by rectal palpation) and adjusted weaning weight of progeny increased linearly with winter level of GEC when pooled over trials. Differences between animals fed 0 and 2.45 kg of GEC were significant. Conception rate and adjusted weaning weight of progeny of the heifers retained in the breeding herd increased (P less than .05) as level of GEC increased when data were pooled over trials. Calving date and percentage live progeny were not significantly affected by winter treatment. Summer daily gains and condition scores were increased by additional summer energy (2.45 kg GEC/day) in trial 3. Conception rate and mean number of days pregnant (conception date) favored heifers given the summer supplementary feeding (2.45 kg GEC) treatment. Among heifers retained in the breeding herd, there were no significant differences between the 0- and 2.45-kg GEC summer treatment groups in conception rate, calving date, percentage live progeny or adjusted weaning weight of progeny.
Why Desired Newborn Circumcisions Are Not Performed: A Survey.

Objective To identify why parents who want their child circumcised do not have them circumcised before the window for newborn circumcision (NBC) closes. We evaluate many patients in our pediatric urology clinic for circumcision in the operating room, which is associated with increased inconvenience, morbidity, and cost. Methods From 2010 to 2013 we surveyed 53 parents seeking NBC for their sons less than 1 month old. We surveyed a second group of 51 parents with sons between 1 month and 2 years old seeking operating room circumcision. Both groups were asked why NBC was not performed in the hospital. Results From the 104 parents surveyed, the primary reasons NBC was not performed in both groups were that the hospital did not offer or provide NBC (23% in the younger group and 20% in the older group) and that the provider who does NBC was not available or able prior to discharge (21% in the younger group and 20% in the older group). Ineffective communication delayed NBC in 26% of the younger group and 9% of the older group. Health problems delayed NBC in 8% of the younger group and 30% of the older group. NBC was only delayed due to parent indecision in 2% of responses in the younger group and 6% in the older group. Conclusion Inadequate healthcare system preparation, resources, and communication are the primary reasons NBC is delayed. More work to streamline the process for desired NBC is needed.
Inhibiting the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter during Development Impairs Memory in Adult Drosophila

Summary The uptake of cytoplasmic calcium into mitochondria is critical for a variety of physiological processes, including calcium buffering, metabolism, and cell survival. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter in the Drosophila mushroom body neurons (MBn)—a brain region critical for olfactory memory formation—causes memory impairment without altering the capacity to learn. Inhibiting uniporter activity only during pupation impaired adult memory, whereas the same inhibition during adulthood was without effect. The behavioral impairment was associated with structural defects in MBn, including a decrease in synaptic vesicles and an increased length in the axons of the αβ MBn. Our results reveal an in vivo developmental role for the mitochondrial uniporter complex in establishing the necessary structural and functional neuronal substrates for normal memory formation in the adult organism.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is effective in fibroblast growth factor-21 deficient mice

Objective The mechanisms by which bariatric surgeries so effectively and lastingly reduce body weight and normalize metabolic dysfunction are not well understood. Fibroblast growth fator-21 (FGF21) is a key regulator of metabolism and is currently considered for treatment of obesity. Although elevated by acute food deprivation, it is downregulated after weight loss induced by chronic calorie restriction but not after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to assess the role of FGF21-signaling in the beneficial effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB).
Efficient interval indexing for content-based subscription e-commerce and e-service

This paper presents a dynamic interval index for fast event matching against a large number of predicate intervals specified by content-based subscriptions. A set of virtual construct intervals (VCIs) are predefined, with a unique ID and an associated ID list. Each predicate interval is decomposed into one or more VCIs, which become activated by the predicate. The predicate ID is then inserted into the ID lists associated with the decomposed VCIs. To facilitate fast search, we start with a bitmap vector to indicate the activation of VCIs that cover an attribute value. Then, we study various techniques to reduce the storage cost, including logarithmic construct intervals (LCI), which reduce the total number of VCIs, bitmap clipping which prunes certain positions of a bitmap vector, and bitmap virtualization, which eliminates the bitmap. Simulations are conducted to evaluate and compare these techniques
The Role of Ethylene in the Regulation of Stem Gravitropic Curvature

Ethylene’s involvement in a plant’s ability to orient itself to a gravitational field has been recognized for almost a century. In 1910, Neljubov identified ethylene as the active component of illuminating gas (used to heat greenhouses) that affected plant growth and caused senescence. He noted that pea epicotyls exposed to high levels of ethylene (1) became oriented horizontally, (2) showed reduced length and (3) increased in diameter. Hence, ethylene’s effect on the plants’ physiology became known as the “triple response”, which has become extensively used as an ethylene bioassay as well as a diagnostic phenotype for screening ethylene overproducing or insensitive mutants. Other early investigations indirectly demonstrated ethylene’s involvement in plant responses to gravity (reviewed by Abeles 1973). For example, horizontally placed pineapple plants flower earlier than upright plants. Since ethylene induces flowering in bromeliads, early flowering was attributed to being a side effect of the increase in ethylene production caused by horizontal reorientation of the plants. In another experiment, horizontally oriented plants that were continually rotated on a clinostat exhibited physiological responses such as downward leaf bending and growth inhibition, reactions known to be caused by increased ethylene production. Decades of research on ethylene’s involvement in the gravitropic response of plant stems have produced contradictory data concerning its effect on curvature. Plant tissues displaying different sensitivity to ethylene, and growth conditions that are likely to alter ethylene production often confound meaningful data comparison. The characterization of ethylene mutants along with genetic and molecular approaches using Arabidopsis allows for new insights into the role of ethylene in gravitropism. This chapter will present studies that characterize the regulatory role of ethylene during gravitropic curvature in different types of plant stems and inflorescence stalks, and will also discuss the current understanding of ethylene cross-talk with auxin relative to the regulation of stem gravitropism. 7 The Role of Ethylene in the Regulation of Stem Gravitropic Curvature
Thermoseparation of Neutron-Irradiated Tungsten from Re and Os

Heterogeneous oxidation has been utilized for one-step conversion of metallic W to WO 3 at ∼750 °C in a stream of air, with simultaneous separation of W from Re and Os impurities which are coproduced during the long neutron irradiation of the W target (∼50 days). The freshly produced WO 3 is readily soluble in a base for use in a 188 W/ 188 Re biomedical generator. The metallic tungsten target, in the form of small pellets (4 x 3 mm diameter x height), was prepared by cold pressing W powder at ∼3 tons/cm 2 . Sintering (vacuum annealing) the pellets at 1200-1400 °C, under 1-10 μTorr pressure provided good mechanical strength. Analysis of the black residue, which is typically encountered in the dissolution of neutron-irradiated WO 3 targets, indicated that 186 W and 187 Re were the main constituents. Further, the specific activity of insoluble 188 W in the residue was ∼200 times smaller than that of soluble 188 W.
Characterizing Early Maternal Style in a Population of Guide Dogs

In both humans and non-humans, differences in maternal style during the first few weeks of life can be reliably characterized, and these differences affect offspring’s temperament and cognition in later life. Drawing on the breeding population of dogs at The Seeing Eye, a guide dog school in Morristown, New Jersey, we conducted videotaped focal follows on 21 mothers and their litters (n = 138 puppies) over the first three weeks of the puppies’ lives in an effort to characterize maternal style. We found that a mother’s attitude and actions toward her offspring varied naturally between individuals, and that these variations could be summarized by a single principal component, which we described as Maternal behavior. This component was stable across weeks, associated with breed, litter size, and parity, but not redundant with these attributes. Furthermore, this component was significantly associated with an independent experimental measure of maternal behavior, and with maternal stress as measured by salivary cortisol. In summary, Maternal behavior captured a significant proportion of the variation in maternal style; was stable over time; and had both discriminant and predictive validity.
Influence of Japanese consumer gender and age on sensory attributes and preference (a case study on deep-fried peanuts).

Detailed exploration of sensory perception as well as preference across gender and age for a certain food is very useful for developing a vendible food commodity related to physiological and psychological motivation for food preference. Sensory tests including color, sweetness, bitterness, fried peanut aroma, textural preference and overall liking of deep-fried peanuts with varying frying time (2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 15 min) at 150 °C were carried out using 417 healthy Japanese consumers. To determine the influence of gender and age on sensory evaluation, systematic statistical analysis including one-way analysis of variance, polynomial regression analysis and multiple regression analysis was conducted using the collected data.; Results: The results indicated that females were more sensitive to bitterness than males. This may affect sensory preference; female subjects favored peanuts prepared with a shorter frying time more than male subjects did. With advancing age, textural preference played a more important role in overall preference. Older subjects liked deeper-fried peanuts, which are more brittle, more than younger subjects did.; Conclusion: In the present study, systematic statistical analysis based on collected sensory evaluation data using deep-fried peanuts was conducted and the tendency of sensory perception and preference across gender and age was clarified. These results may be useful for engineering optimal strategies to target specific segments to gain greater acceptance in the market. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Advanced practice nurses? meaningful use of Electronic health records

article i nfo Aim: The aim of this study was to better understand electronic health records (EHRs) use among advanced practice nurses (APNs). Background: EHRs are becoming an integral part of the U.S. health care system. Federal law was enacted with provisions that offer incentive payments to eligible professionals and hospitals who use EHRs. Little is known about APNs' EHR use. Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental research design was used. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Two thirds of the APNs were EHR-user. Statistically significant differences between EHR-users and non-users were found in age categories, practice setting, practice size, and in tasks related to imagery report review and care coordination. EHR use was associated with higher odds of practicing in hospital, and employment longevity, but with decreased odds in the number of patients seen per day. Conclusions: With one third of the APNs being EHR non-users, more efforts are needed to help guide the adoption and diffusion of EHRs in practice.
Virtual Surgery for Conduit Reconstruction of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract.

Purpose:Virtual surgery involves the planning and simulation of surgical reconstruction using three-dimensional (3D) modeling based upon individual patient data, augmented by simulation of planned ...
YY1 and CTCF orchestrate a 3D chromatin looping switch during early neural lineage commitment.

CTCF is an architectural protein with a critical role in connecting higher-order chromatin folding in pluripotent stem cells. Recent reports have suggested that CTCF binding is more dynamic during development than previously appreciated. Here, we set out to understand the extent to which shifts in genome-wide CTCF occupancy contribute to the 3D reconfiguration of fine-scale chromatin folding during early neural lineage commitment. Unexpectedly, we observe a sharp decrease in CTCF occupancy during the transition from naive/primed pluripotency to multipotent primary neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Many pluripotency gene-enhancer interactions are anchored by CTCF, and its occupancy is lost in parallel with loop decommissioning during differentiation. Conversely, CTCF binding sites in NPCs are largely preexisting in pluripotent stem cells. Only a small number of CTCF sites arise de novo in NPCs. We identify another zinc finger protein, Yin Yang 1 (YY1), at the base of looping interactions between NPC-specific genes and enhancers. Putative NPC-specific enhancers exhibit strong YY1 signal when engaged in 3D contacts and negligible YY1 signal when not in loops. Moreover, siRNA knockdown of Yy1 specifically disrupts interactions between key NPC enhancers and their target genes. YY1-mediated interactions between NPC regulatory elements are often nested within constitutive loops anchored by CTCF. Together, our results support a model in which YY1 acts as an architectural protein to connect developmentally regulated looping interactions; the location of YY1-mediated interactions may be demarcated in development by a preexisting topological framework created by constitutive CTCF-mediated interactions.
Systematic effects in pulse shape analysis of HPGe detector signals for 0νββ

Abstract Pulse shape analysis is an important background reduction and signal identification technique for next generation of 76Ge 0 ν β β experiments. We present a study of the systematic uncertainties in one such parametric pulse-shape analysis technique for separating multi-site background from single-site signal events. We examined systematic uncertainties for events in full-energy gamma peaks (predominantly multi-site), double-escape peaks (predominantly single-site) and the Compton continuum near Q β β (which will be the dominant background for most 0 ν β β searches). In short, we find total (statistical plus systematic) fractional uncertainties in the pulse shape cut survival probabilities of: 6.6%, 1.5% and 3.8% for double-escape, continuum and γ ‐ ray events, respectively.
Nietzsche as perfectionist

AbstractThomas Hurka has argued that Nietzsche’s positive ethical views can be formulated as a version of perfectionism that posits an objective conception of the good as the maximization of power and assigns to all agents the same goal of maximizing the perfection of the best. I show that Hurka’s case for both parts of this interpretation fails on textual grounds and that the kind of theory he proposes is in conflict with Nietzsche’s general approach to morality. The alternative reading for which I argue defends a form of perfectionism as the value perspective of a ‘noble type’ that may emerge in the wake of a revaluation of all values. The basis of this perfectionism is an individual’s projection of an ideal of life to which she ascribes intrinsic value and in terms of which the value of other things is assessed. Justifying this reading requires drawing a distinction between life-denying ideals – forms of the ‘ascetic ideal’ – and life-affirming ‘counterideals’. It also requires recognizing that the per...
The generation of antibody diversity: the germline/somatic mutation debate

Resolution of the debate about the mechanism for the generation of diversity between paucigene and multigene proponents witnessed a splitting of the difference. Genetic basis of immunologic diversity, one of the arguments employed by the proponents of a paucigene model expanded by somatic variation, against those who espoused the idea that all specificities were encoded in the germline, focused on the problem of Darwinian evolution.
Tailoring of the Thermal Transport Properties and Thermal Shock Resistance of Structural Ceramics

A survey is presented of the approaches which can be taken in the modifications of the thermal transport properties and thermal shock resistance of structural ceramics, Experimental data are presented which indicate that the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity as well as their dependence on temperature, are strongly affected by alloying and impurity elements and structural defects, and the presence of second phase dispersions including porosity and microcrack formation. Time-dependent effects such as crack closure and healing, and changes in crystallinity are shown to play a significant role as well. All these mechanisms, in principle, should allow enhancement of heat conduction as well as thermal insulating ability as governed by design requirements.
SU(3) content of the Pomeranchuk singularity

The SU(3) structure of isoscalar, even-signature meson-exchange amplitudes in elastic meson--baryon scattering is explored. The forward amplitudes corresponding to singlet and octet exchange exhibit complicated energy dependences, neither of which can be ascribed to the exchange of a single Regge pole with an energy-independent intercept. A contribution identified with Pomeron exchange is isolated. It corresponds to a Regge pole with intercept above 1. A description in terms of a mostly singlet Pomeron and an ideally mixed f/sup 0/ trajectory gives an excellent account of total cross sections from 6 to 280 GeV/c. For t < 0, the singlet amplitude becomes increasingly dominant over the octet amplitude. (AIP)
Current State of Immunotherapy for Treatment of Glioblastoma.

At this time, there are no FDA-approved immune therapies for glioblastoma (GBM) despite many unique therapies currently in clinical trials. GBM is a highly immunosuppressive tumor and there are limitations to a safe immune response in the central nervous system. To date, there have been several failures of phase 3 immune therapy clinical trials in GBM. These trials have targeted single components of an antitumor immune response. Learning from these failures, the future of immunotherapy for GBM appears most hopeful for combination of immune therapies to overcome the profound immunosuppression of this disease. Understanding biomarkers for appropriate patient selection as well as tumor progression are necessary for implementation of immunotherapy for GBM
FlexCPU: A Configurable Out-of-Order CPU Abstraction

We present FlexCPU, a new software model for CPU performance integrated into gem5. FlexCPU combines the benefits of trace-based models with execute-in-execute semantics which leads to more accurate simulation of multithreaded and full-system applications. Our design is heavily inspired by dataflow models, and it reduces modern out-of-order techniques to abstracted parameterized constraints. FlexCPU can be configured to match the behaviors of modern general purpose CPUs and used for limit studies. By reducing CPU behaviors to reasonable abstractions and stages, FlexCPU is simpler to understand and easier to extend than other execute-in-execute CPU models. We show that FlexCPU can achieve the maximum theoretical ILP for most workloads and show a case study of using FlexCPU to model multiple processor architectures.
Globalization and jobless recoveries

Abstract Slow rebounds in employment have become a salient feature of recoveries from recessions over the past few decades. During this time, U.S. production has become increasingly globalized. In this paper, I provide evidence that offshoring contributes to slow recoveries in labor markets. Using data from the Current Population Survey, I show that employment in offshorable occupations mimics employment in routine occupations, recovering more slowly than other types of occupations. Additionally, I use data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis on activities of multinationals to show that offshoring contributes directly to this phenomenon. I then provide a theoretical framework that rationalizes these observations in the context of a modified growth model.
Impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge in Wyoming big sagebrush ecosystems are contingent on elevation

Water is the most limiting and important natural resource in drylands, where low precipitation, high evaporative demand, and drought events are common. Groundwater is the critical resource for human livelihoods to persist through the intra-annual dry periods in dryland ecosystems. Overexploitation of groundwater resources and the externalities associated with depleted aquifers make understanding the ecohydrology of drylands an essential issue. We focus on the water balance and climatic drivers of big sagebrush ecosystems, an important dryland ecosystem type in Wyoming that covers a large spatial extent. The goal of this project was to understand how groundwater recharge (GWR) may change in magnitude and seasonality across multiple sites in Wyoming in the future. We used a combination of fieldwork and simulation modeling to explore key climatic and ecohydrological drivers of GWR. We simulated soil water balance using SOILWAT2, a process-based ecosystem-scale soil water model, and future climate data to estimate change in GWR through 2100. We found that mean annual temperature and precipitation explained 65% of the variation in future change in GWR. High-elevation (>2200 m) wet sites had larger increases in GWR in the future compared to low-elevation dry sites. The among-site variability in GWR was also higher for sites >2200 m, which indicates that mean annual precipitation and perhaps snowpack are important explanatory variables for GWR. Our research suggests that GWR for high-elevation big sagebrush sites may increase in magnitude from current values and may occur earlier in the year, with important implications for the timing and availability of water resources.
Pseudo-Endocrine Disorders: Definitions, Examples, and Considerations

“Pseudo-endocrine” is a term that can be applied to many different types of conditions and situations. Affected patients may believe they have an endocrine or metabolic disorder, despite previous normal testing, because of misleading information they have gotten from another health care provider, a personal trainer, a friend, a book, or the Internet; they may even have been given a diagnosis of a disorder that has not been scientifically proven to exist. Others may have true endocrine disorders but continue to have symptoms despite adequate treatment and normal on-treatment test results. They may have been treated with excessive hormone doses or with unproven and even dangerous treatments. They may also have conditions that were incorrectly diagnosed because of assay interference or other laboratory testing issues. This chapter defines “pseudo-endocrine” disorders and gives several examples that will be developed and more fully discussed in subsequent chapters.
Democratic Breakdown and the Hidden Perils of the Democratic Peace

One empirical regularity in International Relations appears consistent: democracies rarely fight one another. However, this article maintains that the democratic peace comes with hidden costs. Demo...