cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic co-digestion of foodwaste with liquid dairy manure or manure digestate: Co-substrate limitation and inhibition.

Abstract Process instability has been a challenge to anaerobic digestion of foodwaste at higher organic loading rates. Co-digestion is one of the measures to improve stability. This study conducted batch experiments to compare liquid dairy manure and dairy manure digestate as a co-substrate for anaerobic digestion of foodwaste. The batch co-digestion experiments showed a two-stage biogas production process, which could be simulated with a modification of the Gompertz model. The specific biogas yields derived with the two-stage biogas production model was further simulated against the co-substrate ratios with substrate limitation – inhibition models for identifying the optimal co-substrate ratio. The Haldane model was the best to simulate co-substrate limitation – inhibition kinetics in anaerobic co-digestion of foodwaste. A higher ratio of dairy manure could result in co-substrate inhibition to biogas production due to recalcitrance of cellulose and toxicity of lignin and lignin derivatives. Kinetic modeling shows that the optimal volatile solids (VS) ratio of liquid dairy manure is 16.6%, at which the maximum specific methane yield is 0.54 L/g VS. Semi-continuous co-digestion of 88% foodwaste and 12% liquid dairy manure at a hydraulic retention time of 14 d attained 94% of the simulated maximum methane yield. Although co-digestion of foodwaste and manure digestate resulted in lower biogas yields than co-digestion with liquid dairy manure, manure digestate is still an attractive co-substrate that has several operational advantages compared with liquid dairy manure.
In Situ Electrochemical Dilatometry of Phosphate Anion Electrosorption

Here we investigate the competitive electrosorption of mono- and divalent phosphate anions through electrochemical desalination- and dilatometry-based experiments. Through in situ dilatometry, we monitor the strain at the electrode surface as anions and cations are electrosorbed. Strain measurements show that the presence of divalent ions promotes a greater than anticipated electrode expansion during cation (Na+) electrosorption. The expansion observed with Na+ equaled the expansion observed with HPO42–. Because the ionic radius of Na+ is smaller than that of HPO42–, the symmetric expansion suggests that divalent anions do not completely desorb during electrode regeneration, causing the adverse interactions with the cation during co-ion expulsion. This results in a decrease in desalination performance, indicated by a decreased salt adsorption capacity. Conversely, an expected asymmetric expansion during anion and cation electrosorption occurs with monovalent phosphate anions (H2PO4–), indicating that mono...
Abstract 033: Identification of s Primary Renal AT 2 Receptor Defect in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR)

Angiotensin III (Ang III) [des-aspartyl1-Ang II] is the predominant endogenous agonist for angiotensin type-2 receptor (AT2R)-induced natriuresis in rats. Hypertensive 12 wk-old SHR lack natriureti...
Vagectomy, hemigastrectomy, and gastroduodenostomy in treatment of duodenal ulcer. Experimental evaluation.

Experiments utilizing the ulcerogenic influence of histamine-inbeeswax in the hemigastrectomized dog indicate the following: 1. A gastrojejunal anastomosis is vulnerable to peptic ulceration, a susceptibility that increases as the anastomosis is placed more distally in the jejunum. 2. Vagectomy affords distinct but not complete protection of the gastrojejunal anastomosis from ulceration. 3. A gastroduodenal anastomosis is completely resistant to histamine-provoked ulcer. 4. Preservation of the prepyloric antrum in an excluded position results in vulnerability of the gastroduodenal anastomosis to peptic ulceration. 5. Diversion of the bile and/or pancreatic juice results in vulnerability of the gastroduodenal anastomosis to peptic ulceration.
Early Reactivation of Emotion in ERPs to Neutral Retrieval Cues

Abstract Memory retrieval is thought to involve the reactivation of encoding processes. Previous fMRI work has indicated that reactivation processes are modulated by the residual effects of the prior emotional encoding context; different spatial patterns emerge during retrieval of memories previously associated with negative compared to positive or neutral context. Other research suggests that ERP indicators of memory retrieval processes, like the left parietal old/new effect, can also be modulated by emotion, but the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of these effects is unclear. In the current study, we examined when emotion affects memory reactivation and whether that timing reflects processes that come before and may guide successful retrieval or post-recollection recovery of emotional episodic detail. While recording EEG, participants (N = 25) viewed neutral words paired with negative, positive or neutral pictures during encoding, followed by a recognition test for the words. Analyses focused on ERPs during the recognition test. In line with prior ERP studies, we found an early positive-going parietally distributed effect starting around 200 ms post retrieval-cue onset. This effect emerged for words that had been encoded in an emotional compared to neutral context (no valence differences), before the general old/new effect. This emotion-dependent effect occurred in an early time window, suggesting emotion-related reactivation is a precursor to successful recognition.
Small business owner’s perception of the value and impacts of sport tourism on a destination

Sports tourism is perceived to bring significant benefits to a community hosting a sporting event. This purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of small business owners, who are also r...
Biblical Scholar as Imperial State Agent

This chapter examines the British Museum’s adaptation of Western archaeology in ways that appealed to biblical scholars and yet were amenable to the British Imperial State in the late nineteenth century. I contend that the Museum’s version of Western archaeology yielded various alliances with scholarly networks such that their published scholarship served as a vehicle for extending the educational reach of the Museum beyond its physical galleries. From here, this chapter focuses on the biblical scholarship of Samuel Rolles Driver, especially where he references artifacts in the British Museum to support a Eurocentric racial logic. Considered a primer English scholar of the Hebrew Bible, Driver’s published citations of museum artifacts not only conferred scientific authority to his arguments about racial differences but also to the ways in which these objects were racialized in the Museum. Ultimately, this entire interchange benefited the reproduction of elite power at the Imperial State level.
When is somebody just some body? Ethics as first philosophy and the brain death debate.

I, along with others, have been critical of the social construction of brain death and the various social factors that led to redefining death from cardiopulmonary failure to irreversible loss of brain functioning, or brain death. Yet this does not mean that brain death is not the best threshold to permit organ harvesting—or, as people today prefer to call it, organ procurement. Here I defend whole-brain death as a morally legitimate line that, once crossed, is grounds for families to give permission for organ donation. I do so in five moves. First, I make the case that whole-brain death is a social construction that transformed one thing, coma depasse, into another thing, brain death, as a result of social pressures. Second, I explore the way that the 1981 President’s Commission tried to establish the epistemological certainty of brain death, hoping to avoid making arcane metaphysical claims and yet still utilizing metaphysical claims about human beings. Third, I explore the moral meaning of the social construction of a definition that cannot offer metaphysical certainty about the point at which somebody becomes just some body. Fourth, I describe how two moral communities—Jewish and Catholic—actually ground their metaphysical positions with regard to brain death in the normativity of prior social relations. Finally, I conclude with a reflection on the aesthetic-moral enterprise of the metaphysical-epistemological apparatus of brain death, concluding that only such an aesthetic-moral approach is sufficiently strong to stave off the utility-maximizing tendencies of late-modern Western cultures.
Deforestation spillovers from oil palm sustainability certification

Environmental policies that impose restrictions within one location may be undermined or reinforced by "spillover effects," the movement of actors, processes, or knowledge to other locations. Such spillovers are an important consideration in the design of interventions seeking to reduce commodity driven deforestation. In these settings, global markets and mobile actors can move deforestation and conservation behaviors over large distances, complicating efforts to measure and manage spillovers. Here we quantify forest loss and conservation spillovers from the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification system in Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan). We examine whether spillovers from certification are transmitted through corporate groups (i.e., to non-certified, RSPO member-held plantations) or local agricultural markets (i.e., to lands near certified mills).. We find that, from 2009 to 2016, spillovers from RSPO certification reduced deforestation within Indonesia's forest estate, but increased deforestation in areas zoned for agricultural use. The private RSPO certification system has complemented public conservation by aligning de facto land cover with central government land zoning policy. Despite these benefits, aggregate avoided deforestation attributed to direct and spillover effects was statistically and substantively insignificant when compared to the total deforestation occurring inside all of Kalimantan's oil palm concessions. While certification has reduced illegal deforestation, stronger sector-wide action appears necessary to ensure that oil palm production is no longer a driver of forest loss.
CORONARY ARTERY ECTASIA PRESENTING AS ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is a rare entity with an incidence of 0.3-5%. Atherosclerosis and vasculitis are the most common causes. A 47-year-old male with history of type-2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia presented to our hospital with left sided chest pain for ten continuous hours. EKG
Influence of Carbene and Phosphine Ligands on the Catalytic Activity of Gold Complexes in the Hydroamination and Hydrohydrazination of Alkynes

Through kinetic measurements, catalytic and stoi-chiometric experiments, as well as DFT calculations, we compare the catalytic activity of gold complexes supported by a variety of ligands (R3P, NHC...
Landscape characteristics and social factors influencing attitudes toward roadside vegetation management

For the roadside forest, utility vegetation management is a driver of landscape change involving tradeoffs between reliable electric power and preservation of trees. However, little is known about public perceptions of vegetation management in the landscape context. Our objective was to evaluate social and residential context characteristics associated with resident attitudes toward roadside utility vegetation management across Connecticut. We used a mail survey to collect social science data from residents in two study areas in Connecticut. We measured landscape characteristics associated with tree cover and development density at multiple scales around each respondent household. Random forest predictive models were used to assess attitudes toward vegetation management as explained by social and residential context variables. Respondents generally had positive attitudes toward vegetation management, agreeing that it improves public safety and minimizes power outages. Social variables revealed that residents were more likely to have favorable attitudes if they had greater knowledge about trees, believed that trees should be used for human benefits, prioritized reduced power outages over forest aesthetics, and considered changes in the roadside forest to be acceptable. Residential context variables were not as strongly associated with attitudes as social variables, but did rank as important for two out of three attitudes variables. Attitudes toward vegetation management may be influenced by residential context, yet likely are formed independently of it. Spatial heterogeneity of exurban land use and social characteristics suggest encompassing variability in approaches to roadside forest management policy.
Blocking L-selectin function attenuates reperfusion injury following hemorrhagic shock in rabbits

Leukocyte adhesion molecule (LAM) blockade reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury. We tested the hypothesis that a monoclonal antibody (MAb) that recognizes a functional epitope of L-selectin would decrease hemorrhagic shock-induced reperfusion injury. Anesthetized rabbits were subjected to 2 h of hemorrhagic shock (cardiac output reduced to 30% of baseline), then given one of the following treatments: MAbs that recognize functional domains of L-selectin (LAM1-3), CD18 (60.3), MAbs that recognize a nonfunctional domain on L-selectin (LAM1-14), or saline, immediately before resuscitation with shed blood. Additional fluids were administered as needed to maintain cardiac output at baseline levels for 6 h. The cumulative fluid resuscitation after MAb LAM1-3 (58 +/- 34 ml/kg) was not significantly different from after MAb 60.3 (21 +/- 24 ml/kg) or MAb LAM1-14 (66 +/- 51 ml/kg), but it was significantly less than saline-treated controls (142 +/- 142 ml/kg). However, two animals treated with MAb LAM1-14 died before 6 h. If their resuscitation volumes are projected to 6 h by linear regression, then the LAM1-14-treated group required significantly greater volume (101 +/- 99 ml/kg) than the MAb LAM1-3-treated group. We conclude that MAbs to a functional domain on L-selectin are protective against reperfusion-injury following hemorrhagic shock.
A New “Business as Usual” Climate Scenario and the Stress Response of the Caribbean Coral Montastraea cavernosa

The climate change related decline of shallow (<30 m) coral reef ecosystems has been driven by the significant mortality of scleractinian corals caused primarily by the phenomenon known as “coral bleaching”. Despite pervasive phase shifts and macroalgal dominance on many coral reefs some coral species have persisted on many reefs. One of those species is Montastraea cavernosa which has been categorized as resilient to a range of biotic and abiotic insults. Here we present the results of a thermal stress and ocean acidification experiment on M. cavernosa, both its brown and orange color morphs, closely representing predictions from the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 6.0 scenario in the year 2100. We assessed the community response of the microbiome, and the molecular responses of critical pathways in the host by quantifying transcript abundances of genes encoding fluorescent proteins, heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes and regulators of apoptosis. After a 12 d acclimatization experiment no visible bleaching was observed in any treatment, and the excitation pressure on photosystem II of the symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae, while lower under the combined effects of thermal stress and ocean acidification, was not significantly different than control samples. Only minor, but significant, changes in the prokaryotic microbiome were observed when exposed to RCP 6.0 predicted ocean acidification conditions. At the end of the experiment, the host heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90) showed an increase in transcript abundance under the interactive effects of thermal stress and ocean acidification compared to high temperatures alone, but these treatment groups were not significantly different than treatments under normal temperatures. While Bax, an activator of apoptosis, was significantly higher under thermal stress alone compared to control samples. Taken together, M. cavernosa, exhibits persistence, resistance and resilience generally, and when experimentally exposed to the more realistic RCP 6.0 climate model conditions.
A National Evaluation of Food Insecurity in a Head and Neck Cancer Population.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To determine the food security status of patients with a history of head and neck cancer and compare to other types of cancer. STUDY DEIGN A retrospective analysis using the National Health Interview Series. METHODS The National Health Interview Series (NHIS) for the calendar years 2014 to 18 was used to elicit food security status (secure, marginally secure/not secure) among adult patients with a history of throat/pharynx head and neck cancer (pHNC), thyroid cancer, and colon cancer. The relationship between food security and the primary site was compared and subanalyses were performed according to sex, race, and ethnicity. RESULTS The study population included 199.0 thousand patients with pHNC, with 17.7% (95% confidence interval, 10.5%-28.1%) of pHNC patients reporting their food security status as marginally secure or not secure. Food insecurity was significantly higher among pHNC patients when compared to thyroid cancer (insecurity 10.7%, [7.7%-14.7%]) and colon cancer patients (10.1%, [7.8%-13.2%]). Among pHNC patients, there was no significant difference in rates of food insecurity when stratified by gender, race, or ethnicity. However, black individuals were more likely to have food insecurity with a history of thyroid or colon cancer (P < .042) and Hispanics were more likely to have food insecurity with a history of thyroid cancer (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity disproportionally affects patients with a history of pHNC, though there is less demographic variability when compared to other cancer primary sites. Food security assessments should be part of the tailored approach to survivorship management in head and neck cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1539-E1542, 2021.
A remeshed vortex method for mixed rigid/soft body fluid–structure interaction

Abstract We outline a 2D algorithm for solving incompressible flow–structure interaction problems for mixed rigid/soft body representations, within a consistent framework based on the remeshed vortex method. We adopt the one-continuum formulation to represent both solid and fluid phases on an Eulerian grid, separated by a diffuse interface. Rigid solids are treated using Brinkman penalization while an inverse map technique is used to obtain elastic stresses in the hyperelastic solid phase. We test our solver against a number of benchmark problems, which demonstrate physical accuracy and first to second order convergence in space and time. Benchmarks are complemented by additional investigations that illustrate the ability of our numerical scheme to capture essential fluid–structure interaction phenomena across a variety of scenarios involving internal muscular actuation, self propulsion, multi-body contact, heat transfer and rectified viscous streaming effects. Through these illustrations, we showcase the ability of our solver to robustly deal with different constitutive models and boundary conditions, solve disparate multi-physics problems and achieve faster time-to-solutions by sidestepping CFL time step restrictions.
A nonlinear extension of the spin-2 partially massless symmetry

We investigate the possibility of extending the “partially massless” symmetry of a spin-2 field in de Sitter to nonlinear order. To do so, we impose a closure condition on the symmetry transformations. This requirement imposes strong constraints on the form of the nonlinear symmetry while making only minimal assumptions about the form of the nonlinear partially massless action. We find a unique nonlinear extension of the free partially massless symmetry. However, we show that no consistent Lagrangian that contains at most two derivatives of the fields can realize this symmetry.
Unlike LGR4, LGR5 potentiates Wnt-β-catenin signaling without sequestering E3 ligases

LGR4 and LGR5 encode two homologous receptors with critical, yet distinct, roles in organ development and adult stem cell survival. Both receptors are coexpressed in intestinal crypt stem cells, bind to R-spondins (RSPOs) with high affinity, and potentiate Wnt-β-catenin signaling, presumably by the same mechanism: forming RSPO-bridged complexes with the E3 ligases RNF43 and ZNRF3 to inhibit ubiquitylation of Wnt receptors. However, direct evidence for RSPO-bound, full-length LGR5 interacting with these E3 ligases in whole cells has not been reported, and only LGR4 is essential for the self-renewal of intestinal stem cells. Here, we examined the mechanisms of action of LGR4 and LGR5 in parallel using coimmunoprecipitation, proximity ligation, competition binding, and time-resolved FRET assays in whole cells. Full-length LGR4 formed a tight complex with ZNRF3 and RNF43 even without RSPO, whereas LGR5 did not interact with either E3 ligase with or without RSPO. Domain-swapping experiments with LGR4 and LGR5 revealed that the seven-transmembrane domain of LGR4 conferred interaction with the E3 ligases. Native LGR4 and LGR5 existed as dimers on the cell surface, and LGR5 interacted with both FZD and LRP6 of the Wnt signalosome to enhance LRP6 phosphorylation and potentiate Wnt-β-catenin signaling. These findings provide a molecular basis for the weaker activity of LGR5 in the potentiation of Wnt signaling that may underlie the distinct roles of LGR4 and LGR5 in organ development, as well as the self-renewal and fitness of adult stem cells.
Differentiation Patterns in the Elastic Phase of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

The surface antigen phenotype of 30 patients with the blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was determined using a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing differentiation antigens of normal myeloid, erythroid, megakaryocyte, and lymphoid cells. Ten patients' cells expressed a phenotype corresponding to an immature myeloid cell and were felt to have “myeloid” blast crisis. None of these myeloid leukemias were TdT + or responded to vincristine (V) and prednisone (P). Eleven patients expressed a phenotype similar to acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and probably reflect maturation to an early B lymphocyte. All of these “lymphoid” leukemias were TdT +, and 67% of evaluable patients had a complete response to V and P. One leukemia had the phenotype of an erythroleukemia, one patient's cells expressed the phenotype of a megakaryoblastic leukemia, and one leukemia had populations of both myeloid and lymphoid blasts. Six leukemias did not express surface markers characteristic of any lineage and were termed “undifferentiated.” This group was heterogeneous with respect to TdT expression, but no patient had a complete response to V and P. Determination of surface antigen phenotype in CML blast crisis thus provides clinically useful information for the structuring of treatment protocols.
A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials Investigating Methods of Postoperative Void Trials Following Benign Gynecologic and Urogynecologic Surgeries.

ABSTRACT Objective To perform a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying postoperative void trials (VTs) following gynecologic and urogynecologic surgery to investigate (1) the optimal postoperative VT methodology and (2) the optimal time after surgery to perform a VT. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Method of Study Selection We systematically searched the aforementioned data sources from inception to November 22, 2019, using a combination of subject headings and keywords for the following 3 concepts: gynecologic surgery (prolapse, benign gynecologic, and incontinence surgery), postoperative period, and voiding. We identified any RCT in English that studied VT methodology or timing in patients undergoing benign gynecologic or urogynecologic surgery. Discrepancies were adjudicated by a third reviewer. We followed the standard systematic review methodology and used the Jadad scoring system to assess bias. Extracted study outcomes included the following: proportion of patients discharged home with catheter, proportion of VT failure, surgery for retention, retention after initial VT, postoperative calls and visits, time in postanesthesia care unit (PACU), time to discharge, time to spontaneous void, duration of catheterization, patient and provider burden, and urinary tract infection (UTI). Tabulation, Integration, and Results We double screened 618 abstracts and clinical trial descriptions, assessed 56 full-text articles, and ultimately included 21 RCTs. The evidence was of low to moderate quality overall. The studies were divided into the following 2 categories: VT methodology (10 studies) and VT timing (11 studies). VT methodology included backfill-assisted (in operating room vs PACU), autofill, and force of stream studies. One RCT compared backfill-assisted with and without postvoid residual volume check. Outcomes were similar for all VT methods, except backfill-assisted decreased time to spontaneous void compared with autofill. In the VT timing category, earlier VT performance correlated with a shorter time to discharge, time to spontaneous void, duration of catheterization, and lower patient burden and UTI rate but had a higher rate of retention after initial VT. There was no difference between earlier vs later VT timing for proportion of discharged home with catheter or rate of VT failure. No studies reported outcomes of provider burden or postoperative calls. Conclusion In comparing VT methodologies, VT by backfill-assisted (in operating room vs PACU, ± postvoid residual volume), autofill, and force of stream resulted in similar outcomes with no one method being superior. Performing VT at an earlier postoperative time point results in shorter time to discharge and spontaneous void, shorter duration of catheterization, lower patient burden, and lower UTI risk, but it may increase the risk of retention after initial VT.
Making HSP90 Inhibitors Great Again? Unite for Better Cancer Immunotherapy.

HSP90 inhibitors are in numerous cancer clinical trials, but treatments often induce toxicity at effective dosages. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Zavareh et al. (2020) serendipitously found that HSP90 inhibitors, at manageable doses, can reduce target cell expression of immune checkpoint molecules, potentially enabling improved anti-cancer immunotherapy.
A methionine-Mettl3-N6-methyladenosine axis promotes polycystic kidney disease.

Summary Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common monogenic disorder marked by numerous progressively enlarging kidney cysts. Mettl3, a methyltransferase that catalyzes the abundant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, is implicated in development, but its role in most diseases is unknown. Here, we show that Mettl3 and m6A levels are increased in mouse and human ADPKD samples and that kidney-specific transgenic Mettl3 expression produces tubular cysts. Conversely, Mettl3 deletion in three orthologous ADPKD mouse models slows cyst growth. Interestingly, methionine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels are also elevated in ADPKD models. Moreover, methionine and SAM induce Mettl3 expression and aggravate ex vivo cyst growth, whereas dietary methionine restriction attenuates mouse ADPKD. Finally, Mettl3 activates the cyst-promoting c-Myc and cAMP pathways through enhanced c-Myc and Avpr2 mRNA m6A modification and translation. Thus, Mettl3 promotes ADPKD and links methionine utilization to epitranscriptomic activation of proliferation and cyst growth.
Weighted L estimates for the Bergman and Szegő projections on strongly pseudoconvex domains with near minimal smoothness

Abstract We prove the weighted L p regularity of the ordinary Bergman and Cauchy-Szegő projections on strongly pseudoconvex domains D in C n with near minimal smoothness for appropriate generalizations of the B p / A p classes. In particular, the B p / A p Muckenhoupt type condition is expressed relative to balls in a quasi-metric that arises as a space of homogeneous type on either the interior or the boundary of the domain D.
Assessing the Frequency and Quality of Hidden Interprofessional Educational Interactions that Occur on Inpatient Rotations: An Exploratory Study

BACKGROUND Clinical interprofessional education (IPE) experiences are necessary to produce a collaborative practice-ready workforce. However, creating clinical IPE courses is challenging. In this exploratory study, we sought to characterize informal IPE experiences that occurred during standard rotations among medical, nursing and pharmacy students. METHODS Thirteen senior medical, nursing and pharmacy students enrolled on inpatient rotations were invited to participate. They used a web-based tool to assess characteristics of interactions they had with individuals of other professions for five days during their rotations. At the conclusion of their rotations, participants were invited to participate in focus groups. RESULTS Study participants included 5 medical, 5 nursing, and 3 pharmacy students. 122 interactions were documented. “We discussed care of a patient with many contributing ideas and opinions” was the most common interaction (42.9%), followed by “Others taught me something about patient care” (33.7%). Four students participated in focus groups (2 medical, 1 nursing, 1 pharmacy), and reported meaningful IPE interactions that included feeling valued as a member of the healthcare team when given autonomy and ownership of patient care. CONCLUSION Students from three separate professions reported impactful informal IPE interactions on inpatient rotations. These findings provide opportunity for enhancing IPE experiences on existing rotations.
Detecting m 6 A with In Vitro DART-Seq

Recent studies have uncovered that cellular mRNAs contain a diverse epitranscriptome comprising chemically modified bases which play important roles in gene expression regulation. Among these is m6A, which is a highly prevalent modification that contributes to several aspects of RNA regulation and cellular function. Traditional methods for m6A profiling have used m6A antibodies to immunoprecipitate methylated RNAs. Although powerful, such methods require high amounts of input material. Recently, we developed DART-seq, an antibody-free method for m6A profiling from low-input RNA samples. DART-seq relies on deamination of cytidines that invariably follow m6A sites and can be performed using a simple in vitro assay with only 50 ng of total RNA. Here, we describe the in vitro DART method and present a detailed protocol for highly sensitive m6A profiling from any RNA sample of interest.
A School Choice Compromise: Between Immediate and Deferred Acceptance

School assignment procedures aim to improve student welfare, but must balance efficiency and equity goals and provide incentives for students to report their preferences truthfully. Debate centers largely on two rules: immediate acceptance (IA), the so-called Boston mechanism, and deferred acceptance (DA). IA's strength is efficiency, while DA is touted for its superior strategic properties. Thinking of these as extremes, we advocate a compromise rule, immediate-acceptance-with-skips (IA+), which slightly modifies IA to achieve better strategic properties while retaining efficiency. IA+ proceeds in rounds of applications and, like IA, �finalizes assignments in each round. However, unlike IA or DA, IA+ allows students to "skip" applications to schools with no remaining capacity. We show that IA+ is efficient and less manipulable than IA+. Unfortunately, IA+ violates solidarity properties that both IA and DA satisfy. Considering robustness, we �find that each of the three rules satisfies a different set of three natural invariance properties.
Evidence on the Presence of Representativeness Bias in Investor Interpretation of Consistency in Sales Growth

We document that consistent patterns of high or low sales growth that are incongruent with underlying fundamentals are followed by significant stock price reversals. In contrast, no stock return reversals are found for firms that achieve the same level of sales growth in an inconsistent manner. Furthermore, future earnings announcement returns mimic the pattern of abnormal stock returns documented for the Consistent- and Inconsistent-Growth portfolios, respectively, corroborating our main findings. Our results are robust to controls for the magnitude of sales growth, fundamental strength, business cycle risk exposures, and standard risk factors. Our evidence is consistent with representativeness bias affecting investor interpretation of consistency in sales growth patterns. This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Faceted particles formed by the frustrated packing of anisotropic colloids on curved surfaces

We use computer simulations and simple theoretical models to analyze the morphologies that result when rod-like particles end-attach onto a curved surface, creating a finite-thickness monolayer aligned with the surface normal. This geometry leads to two forms of frustration, one associated with the incompatibility of hexagonal order on surfaces with Gaussian curvature, and the second reflecting the deformation of a layer with finite thickness on a surface with non-zero mean curvature. We show that the latter effect leads to a faceting mechanism. Above threshold values of inter-particle attraction strength and surface mean curvature, the adsorbed layer undergoes a transition from orientational disorder to an ordered state that is demarcated by reproducible patterns of line defects. The number of facets is controlled by the competition between line defect energy and intra-facet strain. Tuning control parameters thus leads to a rich variety of morphologies, including icosahedral particles and irregular polyhedra. In addition to suggesting a new strategy for the synthesis of aspherical particles with tunable symmetries, our results may shed light on recent experiments in which rod-like HIV GAG proteins assemble around nanoscale particles.
Applications of Transient Grating Spectroscopy to Radiation Materials Science

The ability to study radiation damage in situ will directly enable the rapid innovation and qualification of materials for nuclear applications by allowing direct observation of the effects of radiation damage accumulation. This is a challenging task, as the measurement technique must be noncontact, nondestructive, rapid, and still allow for online irradiation without interference. Applicable methods of mechanical spectroscopy are surveyed, noting their potential usefulness for characterizing radiation-induced microstructural changes in situ. The transient grating (TG) spectroscopy technique appears most suited for these studies, due to its noncontact, nondestructive nature, its ability to rapidly probe materials to the depth of ion irradiation, and the large number of deconvolvable components extractable from its signal. Work is proposed to separate the individual mechanisms of irradiation damage using in situ and ex situ TG spectroscopy, through a suite of single-effect and integrated experiments.
Monitoring Temporal Rules Combined with Time Series

Run-time monitoring of temporal properties and assertions is used for testing and as a component of execution-based model checking techniques. Traditional run-time monitoring however, is limited to observing sequences of pure Boolean propositions. This paper describes tools, which observe temporal properties over time series, namely, sequences of propositions with constraints on data value changes over time. Using such temporal logic with time series (LTLD) it is possible to monitor important properties such as stability, monotonicity, temporal average and sum values, and temporal min/max values. The paper describes the Temporal Rover and the DBRover, which are in-process and remote run-time monitoring tools, respectively, that support linear time temporal logic (LTL) with real-time (MTL) and time series (LTLD) constraints.
Self awareness and adaptive traffic signal control system for smart world

The most city dwellers are concerned with the urban traffic issues very much. To provide a self awareness and adaptive facilities in traffic signal control system is become more and more urgent. In this paper, we improved the video surveillance and self-adaptive urban traffic signal control system to achieve the development trend in intelligent transportation system (ITS). A self awareness and adaptive urban traffic signal control (TSC) system that could provide both the video surveillance and the traffic surveillance as smart hyperspace. We investigated the vision-based surveillance and to keep sight of the unpredictable and hardly measurable disturbances may perturb the traffic flow. We integrated and performed the vision-based methodologies that include the object segmentation, classify and tracking methodologies to know well the real time measurements in urban road. According to the real time traffic measurement, we derived a grid Agent Communication and the Adaptive Traffic Signal Control strategy to adapt the traffic signal time automatically. By comparing the experimental result obtained by traditional traffic signal control system which improved the traffic queuing situation, we confirmed the efficiency of our vision based smart TSC approach.
Solving Regular Path Queries

Regular path queries are a way of declaratively specifying program analyses as a kind of regular expressions that are matched against paths in graph representations of programs. These and similar queries are useful for other path analysis problems as well. This paper describes the precise specification, derivation, and analysis of a complete algorithm and data structures for solving regular path queries. We first show two ways of specifyingt he problem and deriving a high-level algorithmic solution, using predicate logic and language inclusion, respectively. Both lead to a set-based fixed-point specification. We then derive a complete implementation from this specification using Paige's methods that consist of dominated convergence, finite differencing, and real-time simulation. This formal derivation allows us to analyse the time and space complexity of the implementation precisely in terms of size parameters of the graph and the deterministic finite automaton that corresponds to the regular expression. In particular, the time and space complexity is linear in the size of the graph. We also note that the problem is PSPACE-complete in terms of the size of the regular expression. In applications such as program analysis, the size of the graph may be very large, but the size of the regular expression is small and can be considered a constant.
Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space vs. Frame Estimates

We consider conditions on a given system F of vectors in Hilbert space H, forming a frame, which turn H into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. It is assumed that the vectors in F are functions on some set Ω . We then identify conditions on these functions which automatically give H the structure of a reproducing kernel Hilbert space of functions on Ω. We further give an explicit formula for the kernel, and for the corresponding isometric isomorphism. Applications are given to Hilbert spaces associated to families of Gaussian processes.
Shocks, livestock asset dynamics and social capital in Ethiopia

This paper uses household survey panel data of 416 rural households to study livestock asset dynamics in the north-east of Ethiopia. The period under examination (1996-2003) was marked by severe environmental shocks, including a series of droughts. Using as point of departure the literature on the evolution of productive assets in the presence of risk, which relates asset paths to initial endowments, we test the hypothesis of wealth divergence and the existence of asset poverty traps. Results indicate rather that livestock asset dynamics are marked by convergence over time. Examining the role of social capital in recovery and growth of households’ endowments, both local social relationships as well as ‘bridging’ social capital seem to have a positive effect on asset holdings directly, as well as indirectly by mitigating the impact of income shocks on livestock capital.
Economic Value of Information: Wheat Protein Measurement

In this paper we study U.S. wheat farmers’ willingness to pay for near infrared (NIR) sensor that can segregates wheat grains according to their protein concentration. We first develop a microeconomic optimization model of wheat farmers’ segregating and commingling decisions. Then we use U.S. wheat prices and stocks to estimate a wheat protein stock demand system. This allows us to establish the effects of changes in the protein profile of wheat stocks on protein premiums. The paper’s simulation section combines the results from the microeconomic optimization model and from the econometric estimations to simulate wheat farmers’ WTP for the sorting technology. Preliminary findings from the simulation show that a typical hard red winter (hard red spring) wheat farmer’s WTP for the sorting technology is 5.6 (4.8) cents per bushel.
Obtaining the specific heat of hadronic matter from CERN/RHIC experiments

The specific heat of hot hadronic matter is related to particle production yields from experiments done at CERN/RHIC. The mass fluctuation of excited hadrons plays an important role. Connections of the specific heat, mean hadronic mass excited and its fluctuation with properties of baryon and electric charge chemical potentials (value, slope and curvature) are also developed. A possible divergence of the specific heat as 1/(T0 - T) 2 is discussed. Some connections
Testing coverage functions

A coverage functionf over a ground set [m] is associated with a universe U of weighted elements and m sets A1,…,Am⊆U, and for any T⊆[m], f(T) is defined as the total weight of the elements in the union ∪j∈TAj. Coverage functions are an important special case of submodular functions, and arise in many applications, for instance as a class of utility functions of agents in combinatorial auctions. Set functions such as coverage functions often lack succinct representations, and in algorithmic applications, an access to a value oracle is assumed. In this paper, we ask whether one can test if a given oracle is that of a coverage function or not. We demonstrate an algorithm which makes O(m|U|) queries to an oracle of a coverage function and completely reconstructs it. This gives a polytime tester for succinct coverage functions for which |U| is polynomially bounded in m. In contrast, we demonstrate a set function which is "far" from coverage, but requires $2^{\tilde{\Theta}(m)}$ queries to distinguish it from the class of coverage functions.
The Bank's Assistance to China's Energy Sector

China is the second largest energy consumer in the world and the largest producer and consumer of coal. Owing to its large coal resources, it is and will remain in the foreseeable future largely energy self-sufficient, although crude oil imports have steadily increased since 1993. In just 17 years, China has become the Bank's largest borrower in the energy sector having received about 7 billion dollars in loans to date. The Bank has also carried out a substantial amount of analytical and advisory services. Despite the amount of lending to the energy sector, the sheer size of the sector in China has made the World Bank, at least in financial terms, a relatively marginal player. The Banks assistance aimed at helping China's integration into the global economy. It focused on removing bottlenecks to the country's accelerating economic growth and on institutional development (emphasizing technology transfer and capacity building). After the major policy breakthroughs of the mid-1990s in the power sector, progress on sector reform has slowed and major policy issues in such critical subsectors as coal, oil, and gas have largely gone unattended. To address this, the Bank can choose to focus increasingly on peripheral subsectors such as renewables and energy efficiency where policy issues are less sensitive and government buy-in more likely. A more difficult path will be for the Bank to continue its sizeable financial support to the energy sector but frame it within a truly comprehensive dialogue on national energy policy issues.
Command shaping for residual vibration free crane maneuvers

Cranes used in the construction and transportation industries are generally devices with multiple degrees of freedom including variable load-line length, variable jib length (usually via a trolley), and variable boom angles. Point-to-point payload maneuvers using cranes are performed so as not to excite the spherical pendulum modes of their cable and payload assemblies. Typically, these pendulum modes, although time-varying, exhibit low frequencies. Current crane maneuvers are therefore performed slowly contributing to high construction and transportation costs. This investigation details a general method for applying command shaping to various multiple degree of freedom cranes such that the payload moves to a specified point without residual oscillation. A dynamic programming method is used for general command shaping for optimal maneuvers. Computationally, the dynamic programming approach requires order M calculations to arrive at a solution, where M is the number of discretizations of the input commands. This feature is exploited for the crane command shaping problem allowing for rapid calculation of command histories. Fast generation of commands is a necessity for practical use of command shaping for the applications described in this work. These results are compared to near-optimal solutions where the commands are linear combinations of acceleration pulse basis functions. The pulse shape is required due to hardware requirements. The weights on the basis functions are chosen as the solution to a parameter optimization problem solved using a recursive quadratic programming technique. Simulation results and experimental verification for a variable load-line length rotary crane are presented using both design procedures.
Eigenanalysis of CMAC neural network

The CMAC neural network is by itself an adaptive processor. This paper studies the CMAC algorithm from the point of view of adaptive filter theory. Correspondingly, the correlation matrix is defined and the Wiener-Hopf equation is obtained for the CMAC neural network. It is revealed that the trace (i.e., sum of eigenvalues) of the correlation matrix is equal to the generalization parameter of the CMAC neural network. Using the tool of eigenanalysis, analytical bounds of the learning rate of CMAC neural network are derived which guarantee convergence of the weight vector in the mean. Moreover, a simple formula of estimating the misadjustment due to the gradient noise is derived.
How important are Deformable parts in the deformable parts model

The Deformable Parts Model (DPM) has recently emerged as a very useful and popular tool for tackling the intra-category diversity problem in object detection. In this paper, we summarize the key insights from our empirical analysis of the important elements constituting this detector. More specifically, we study the relationship between the role of deformable parts and the mixture model components within this detector, and understand their relative importance. First, we find that by increasing the number of components, and switching the initialization step from their aspect-ratio, left-right flipping heuristics to appearance-based clustering, considerable improvement in performance is obtained. But more intriguingly, we observed that with these new components, the part deformations can now be turned off, yet obtaining results that are almost on par with the original DPM detector.