cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrophilic addition of CCl4 to a cyclopentadienyl ligand in the tungstenocene carbonyl [W(η5-C5H5)2(CO)] to give [W(η5-C5H5)(η4-C5H5-exo-CCl3)(CO) Cl]

Abstract Reaction of the tungstenocene monocarbonyl complex [W(η5-C5H5)2(CO)] with an excess of CCL4 at room temperature gives a 50% yield of an adduct which crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / n with a = 12.938(2) A , b = 6.724 (1) A , c = 16.226(3) A , β = 93.29(1)° . A single crystal X-ray diffraction study (RF = 3.36%, Rw = 3.32%) has established that the adduct is [W(η5-C5H5)(η4-C5H5-exo-CCl3)(CO)Cl], with a trichloromethyl group bonded exo to the saturated carbon of an η4-cyclopentadiene ligand and a dihedral angle between the plane containing this carbon and the mean plane of the butadiene residue of 35.3°. The 1JC-H coupling constants of the four carbon atoms of the butadiene residue indicate an average hybridization of sp1.9. The first step in the addition is proposed to involve electron transfer from the metal to fragment the CCl4 into the trichloromethyl radical and the chloride anion. Exo addition of the trichloromethyl radical to an η5-C5H5 ligand would then be followed by trapping of the 16-electron cationic intermediate by the Cl− anion.
Vitamin D Metabolism and Stones

It has been nearly 90 years since the discovery of the antirachitic activity of vitamin D. During that period, vitamin D structure, metabolism, and mechanism of action at target tissues have been delineated. We now recognize that vitamin D acts as a steroid hormone to help maintain normal calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Many diseases characterized by deranged calcium and phosphate metabolism have been explained by dysregulated vitamin D production and/or action. Calcium-containing kidney stones are believed to result from excessive urinary calcium excretion due to increased intestinal absorption of calcium, increased bone resorption, and renal calcium loss. To try and explain the cause of this hypercalciuria, many studies have focused on the role of deranged vitamin D metabolism and action. Much of our understanding of how such derangements in vitamin D metabolism and action can contribute to the development of hypercalciuria and ultimately kidney stones has come from both clinical and basic approaches that are discussed in this chapter. However, some studies have failed to observe any alteration in vitamin D production or action, while others have implicated a role for increased 1,25(OH)2D production or increased tissue sensitivity in the face of normal circulating 1,25(OH)2D concentrations. Resolution of these discrepancies will require additional studies in hypercalciuric stone-forming patients that focus on the genetics of vitamin D metabolism and the cellular and molecular actions of vitamin D at its target tissues.
Re-Evaluating FCC Policies Concerning the Lifeline and Link-Up Programs

We examine low participation rates in the Lifeline assistance program in the United States. Lifeline provides a discount to for low-income households off of their basic telephone service. Despite numerous efforts by regulators and industry to encourage participation, only about 1/3 of the eligible households nationwide participate. We find that lack of awareness, distrust of assistance programs, and stigma play significant roles in discouraging participation. We also find that the most low-income households have telephone service - approximately 90 percent in Florida - despite these low participation rates. We conclude that a more general low-income assistance program that lets consumers use the subsidy for whatever communications services they most value, might improve participation and would make it more economical for low-income households to migrate to more advanced technologies.
Relationship between marijuana and other illicit drug use and depression/suicidal thoughts among late middle-aged and older adults.

Background: Despite growing numbers of older-adult illicit drug users, research on this topic is rare. This study examined the relationship between marijuana and/or other illicit drug use and major depressive episode (MDE) and serious suicidal thoughts among those aged 50+ years in the USA. Methods: The public use files of the 2008 to 2012 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) provided data on 29,634 individuals aged 50+ years. Logistic regression analysis was used to test hypothesized associations between past-year marijuana and/or other illicit drug use and MDE and serious suicidal thoughts. Results: Nearly 6% of the 50+ years age group reported past-year marijuana and/or other illicit drug use. Compared to non-users of any illicit drug, the odds of past-year MDE among those who used marijuana only, other illicit drugs only, and marijuana and other illicit drugs were 1.54 (95% CI = 1.17–2.03), 2.75 (95% CI = 1.75–4.33), and 2.12 (95% CI = 1.45–3.09), respectively. Those who used marijuana and other drugs also had higher odds (2.44, 95% CI = 1.58–3.77) of suicidal thoughts than non-users of any illicit drug. However, among users of any illicit drug, no difference was found among users of marijuana only, marijuana and other illicit drugs, and other illicit drugs only. Among marijuana users, marijuana use frequency was a significant correlate of suicidal thoughts only among those with MDE. Conclusions: Health and mental health (MH) service providers should pay close attention to the potential reciprocal effects of marijuana and other illicit drug use and MDE and suicidal thoughts among late middle-aged and older adults.
The Color of Debt: An Examination of Social Networks, Sanctions, and Child Support Enforcement Policy

This article is based on face-to-face interviews with 20 randomly selected fathers of black and white children receiving temporary assistance for needy families benefits, followed, when possible, by an interview with the mother of one of the father’s children in Dane County, Wisconsin. The primary purpose of this research was to explore the sample’s level of knowledge about child support enforcement program policy. The informants shared information on their knowledge of child support enforcement program policy and procedures, but also their access or lack of access to social networks for employment to pay their child support order, and experiences with various imposed sanctions for non-payment of their child support order. The data provided an opportunity to conduct comparisons across and within races on their experiences with the child support enforcement program. Results from an analysis of the qualitative data provided an insight into their “lived” experiences with law enforcement by race when their child support was in arrears. In addition, quantitative data obtained from the Wisconsin kids information data system administrative records highlighted the stark racial differences in fathers’ annual (UI) earnings and debt owed in child support to the state and the mother of their child (ren). Further analysis highlights the limited social networks for referrals to employment among black noncustodial fathers and the accumulated debt of child support for black men, which hampers their ability to maintain a minimal level of economic security.
Logistic growth curve of chickens: a comparison of techniques to estimate parameters

Parameters of a mathematical function of growth, fit to the body weight curve of two randombred control populations of each sex of chickens from hatching through 45 weeks of age, were estimated. The logistic function was chosen from among growth formulae that express rate of gain as a function of weight at a given time and gain to be made. Two logistic parameters, growth-rate constant and age at the point of inflection, were estimated by the methods of sample quantiles and nonlinear regression from weekly mean body weights of 225 males and 281 females of the Rhode Island Red (RIR) line, and 164 males and 239 females of the White Leghorn (WL) line. Males had a larger growth-rate constant than females of the same line. The RIR line had a larger rate constant than the WL line, for each sex. Age at the point of inflection was similar for males and females in the RIR line, but smaller for males than females in the WL line. Sample quantiles yielded larger, less precise estimates of the growth-rate constant than nonlinear regression. Estimates of age at the point of inflection were usually smaller using sample quantiles.
You've been on my mind ever since

This study examined how interpersonal attraction was described in Craigslist.org's Missed Connections postings via a quantitative content analysis of randomly selected posts in the United States. Results indicated that, as predicted, Missed Connections postings contained a combination of multiple verbal (e.g., spoken interactions that are not greetings or praise/compliments) and nonverbal (e.g., physical attractiveness, eye contact, nonverbal body movements) attraction expressions; these posts included an average of just over two attraction expressions. Physical attractiveness was the most frequently expressed form of interpersonal attraction. There were no biological sex or sexual orientation differences in relation to which and how many attraction expressions were included in Missed Connections posts. Implications for attraction and online personal advertisement research are described. Study examines interpersonal attraction in Missed Connections posts.Quantitative content analysis used to code for attraction expressions.Physical attraction is most frequent attraction expression.Missed Connections posts contain two attraction expressions, on average.Attraction expressions do not vary by sex or sexual orientation.
Effects of Drought Stress on Fertility of Near-Isogenic Indica Rice Lines at Flowering Stage

The relationships between spikelet fertility and agronomic traits or physiological characteristics related to drought resistance were analyzed with 27 near-isogenic lines and their recurrent parent Zhenfu 802(Oryza sativa L.subsp.indica) as materials under 15 d drought stress since flowering of main culm.The results presented that drought stress at the flowering stage not only decreased the plant height,leaf area and plant dry weight,but also significantly decreased the seed-setting rate.Drought resistance of the tested near-isogenic lines has no relationship with the seed-setting rate under well-watered conditions.According to the drought stress index(DSI),the recurrent parent Zhefu 802 was classed as drought sensitive variety,and the 27 near-isogenic lines could be divided into drought resistant lines(DSI0.30),semi-drought resistant lines(0.31DSI0.50),semi-drought sensitive lines(0.50DSI0.80) and drought sensitive lines(DSI0.80).Furthermore,the near-isogenic lines with classic drought resistant morphological traits,such as curl and droopy leaves,failed to show higher drought resistance,whereas those with yellowish green leaf or golden hull showed higher drought resistance.
Research on the techniques of purifying tegillarca granosa linnaeus with ozone

Objective:The purifying effect of Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus and their liveability in low temperature after being purified.Methods: Purify the Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus with ozone and observe the purifying effect by detecting relevant pathogens according to Food GB4789-2010.Results: The average reducing rate of total bacterial count in Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus is 94.62%,90.77%,78.84% with 0.4 mg/L,0.8 mg/L,1.6 mg/L ozone concentration working for 24 hours and the coliform and pathogens reach the mark after being purified(GB 18406.4-2001.The purified Tegillarca Granosa Linnaeus are kept under the temperature of 5 degrees.The survival rate is 100% within 12 days and the microbiological indicator still come up to the standard.Conclusion: Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus purified in seawater with 0.4 mg/L ozone concentration for 24 hours can reach the standard of purification and disinfection.
Personality Traits and Family Styles of Combat Medics in Training.

ABSTRACT This descriptive study examines the relationship between four family types and five personality traits. The four family types are balanced, moderately balanced, midrange, and extreme. The five personality traits are extraversion, openness to experiences, agreeableness, emotional stability, and conscientiousness. Data were collected through anonymous questionnaires distributed to combat-naive Soldiers at the beginning of their advanced individual training. This study utilized the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale1 and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory2 as measures. Overall the analyses found that participants classified as a balanced family type scored significantly higher on the personality traits of extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience than those classified in the family types of extreme, midrange, and moderately balanced. It appears that family types are associated with personality traits. This study opens doors to future research including looking at how fam...
Peritumoral IL-15 Potentiates Radiation-Induced Anti-Tumor Immunity

Radiotherapy (RT) can induce T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses by multiple mechanisms but is often unable to overcome immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. The common gamma-chain cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15 promote the proliferation of activated T cells and, therefore, are prime agents for immunotherapy strategies aimed at sustaining anti-tumor T cell responses. The benefits of high dose IL-2, however, are undermined by serious toxicity and by regulatory T cell (Treg) stimulation. In contrast, IL-15 is well-tolerated and lacks Treg stimulatory activity, making it an attractive candidate for testing in combination with RT. Here we tested the hypothesis that IL-15 strengthens the pro-immunogenic effect of local RT to potentiate a durable anti-tumor immune response. The poorly immunogenic mouse TSA breast cancer cells were implanted s.c. in syngeneic BALB/c mice and randomly assigned to one of 4 treatment groups when tumors reached 5mm average diameters: control, RT, IL-15 or RT+IL-15. RT was delivered locally in 8 Gy fractions on days 13, 14 and 15. IL-15 (2 μg/mouse) was administered s.c. peritumorally daily for 10 days starting on day 12. Mice were followed for tumor growth. A parallel experiment was done to characterize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) at the end of treatment (day 22). Low dose IL-15 given peritumorally as a monotherapy induced marginal tumor growth control and had no effect on survival (median survival = 45 days compared to 76 days for control). Local RT significantly delayed tumor growth (p < 0.05 compared to control) and improved survival (median= 76 days, p < 0.05). However, highest survival advantage was seen in mice given IL-15+RT (median=102 days, p < 0.05 compared to all groups) with 1 of 6 mice showing complete tumor rejection and development of anamnestic response against tumor re-challenge. Analysis of TILs showed marked infiltration of CD8+ T cells expressing activation marker CD137 (35.3% in RT+IL-15 vs 5.9% in control, p < 0.05) while the increase was modest with either monotherapy (18.8% in RT, 20.7% in IL-15, p < 0.05 compared to control). In addition, we found a significant increase in the ratio of effector CD4+ T cells to Tregs (2.5 in RT+IL-15 versus 0.78 in control, p < 0.05) whereas monotherapy had no effect (1.14 in RT, 0.96 in IL-15). Overall these results support the rational combination of low dose intratumoral IL-15 with local RT to re-awaken immunity against poorly immunogenic tumors. We are currently elucidating the mechanisms involved in preclinical models in preparation for future testing in patients.
Calculation of levelized costs of electricity for various electrical energy storage systems

Abstract Installed capacity of renewable energy resources has increased dramatically in recent years, particularly for wind and photovoltaic solar. Concurrently, the costs of utility-scale electrical energy storage options have been decreasing, making inevitable a crossing point at which it will become economically viable to couple renewable energy generation with utility-scale storage systems. This paper proposes a methodology for calculating Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) for utility-scale storage systems, with the intent of providing engineers, financiers and policy makers the means by which to evaluate disparate storage systems using a common economic metric. We discuss the variables influencing LCOE in detail, particularly those pertinent to electrical energy storage systems. We present results of LCOE calculations for various storage systems, specifically pumped hydro, compressed air, and chemical batteries, which we then compare with a more traditional arbitrage option, the simple-cycle combustion turbine. Federal and State government electrical energy storage tax incentives are considered as well. We also analyze the sensitivities of LCOE to several key variables using Monte Carlo analysis. Considering the downward-sloping cost trends of storage systems and the increased penetration levels of stochastic and non-dispatchable renewable resources, large-scale storage is becoming a significant issue for utilities, thus justifying the development of a levelized costing algorithm.
Safety and Reliability Within UAV Construction

Engineering a safe and reliable network of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) poses several system-related problems, not dealt with by techniques traditional to the approaches used in reliability engineering. Not only must each component be safe and reliable; it must contribute to the overall emergent properties of the system, such as safety, reliability, and availability. This encompasses intended performance metrics, as well as degradation under failures and interactions with all other system elements. Each subsystem must be designed and composed in a fashion that maintains or increases the overall quality of the system. The integration of the subsystems also needs to be carried out on a local (component-based) as well as global (emergent quality) scale. These ideas are examined in the context of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle test-bed, which is used for a video-based conflict detection and resolution algorithm.
A chemical reporter strategy for detecting and identifying O-mycoloylated proteins in Corynebacterium

Protein O-mycoloylation is a unique post-translational lipidation that was recently discovered in Corynebacterium. We describe an alkyne-modified trehalose monomycolate chemical reporter that can metabolically tag O-mycoloylated proteins in C. glutamicum, enabling their detection and identification through click chemistry.
The Moderating Effects of Network Centrality between IT Initiatives and Firm Performance: An Empirical Study

The IS research community has accumulated a critical mass of studies on IT business value, but the questions of how and why IT creates business values remain understudied. In this study, we focus on the role of network centrality and conjecture that network centrality moderates the effects of IT initiatives on firm performance. We collected data of 26 public companies cross 19 industries over a period of 1994-2008 (15 years) and conducted a multiple-level analysis. The results of data analysis show that IT initiatives are significantly, positively related to firm performance only in the high network centrality situation.
An Introduction to Julia and Fatou Sets

We give an elementary introduction to the holomorphic dynamics of mappings on the Riemann sphere, with a focus on Julia and Fatou sets. Our main emphasis is on the dynamics of polynomials, especially quadratic polynomials.
Effect of Resveratrol on Walking Performance in Older People With Peripheral Artery Disease: The RESTORE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Research shows that resveratrol, a sirtuin activator in red wine, improves exercise endurance and skeletal-muscle oxidative metabolism in animals and may enhance vascular function in humans. Resveratrol supplement sales exceed $30 million annually in the United States, but few data are available regarding its efficacy in humans. Objective To determine whether resveratrol, 125 mg/d or 500 mg/d, improves the 6-minute walk performance in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Design, Setting, and Participants This parallel-design, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, called Resveratrol to Improve Outcomes in Older People With PAD (RESTORE), was conducted at Northwestern University. Sixty-six participants 65 years or older with PAD were randomized to receive a daily capsule of resveratrol, 125 mg or 500 mg, or placebo for 6 months. Participants were randomized using a randomly permuted block method stratified by baseline 6-minute walk test performance. This trial was conducted between January 1, 2015, and August 5, 2016, and data analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat concept. Interventions Administration of resveratrol, 125 or 500 mg/d, or placebo once daily. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was the change in 6-minute walk distance at the 6-month follow-up. One of the secondary outcomes was change in maximal treadmill walking time. Because of the preliminary nature of the trial, the a priori power calculation used a 1-sided test with a significance level of P Results The 66 participants were predominantly men (45 [68%]), had a mean (SD) age of 74.4 (6.6) years, and had a mean (SD) ankle brachial index of 0.67 (0.18). Sixty-four (97%) completed follow-up. Six-month mean (SE) changes in 6-minute walk distance were 4.6 (8.1) m for the 125-mg resveratrol group, −12.8 (7.5) m for the 500-mg resveratrol group, and −12.3 (7.9) m for the placebo group ( P = .07 for the 125-mg resveratrol group vs placebo; P = .96 for the 500-mg resveratrol group vs placebo). Six-month mean (SE) changes in maximal treadmill walking time were 0.5 (2.3) minutes for the 125-mg resveratrol group, −0.6 (2.1) minutes for the 500-mg resveratrol group, and 0.4 (2.1) minutes for the placebo group ( P = .18 for the 125-mg resveratrol group vs placebo; P = .12 for the 500-mg resveratrol group vs placebo). Conclusions and Relevance The RESTORE trial found no consistent evidence that resveratrol improves walking performance in patients 65 years or older with PAD. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT02246660
Parallel Syntactic Annotation in CReST

In this paper, we introduce the syntactic annotation of the CReST corpus, a corpus of natural language dialogues obtained from humans performing a cooperative, remote search task. The corpus contains the speech signals as well as transcriptions of the dialogues, which are additionally annotated for dialogue structure, disfluencies, and for syntax. The syntactic annotation comprises POS annotation, Penn Treebank style constituent annotations, dependency annotations, and combinatory categorial grammar annotations. The corpus is the first of its kind, providing parallel syntactic annotation based on three different gram- mar formalisms for a dialogue corpus. All three annotations are manually corrected, thus providing a high quality resource for linguistic comparisons, but also for parser evaluation across frameworks.
The Effects of Learned Helplessness Training on Subsequent Task Performance in Children

Although past research with children has utilized the learned helplessness label, none of this work has employed the classic triadic design which was originally used to demonstrate helplessness effects in infrahuman species and human adults. This design is necessary to determine whether the behavioral effects of interest actually follow from exposure to uncontrollability. In order to examine more closely the existence of the learned helplessness phenomenon in children, a study was conducted exposing fifth and sixth graders to contingent, noncontingent, or no outcome. Exposure to contingent outcomes resulted in a facilitation effect. More importantly, the effects of noncontingency were modulated by the kinds of attributions made to failure situations common in the lives of children. A helplessness effect was demonstrated among internal attributors exposed to uncontrollability. Performance was facilitated among external attributors exposed to noncontingent outcomes.
Gene Therapy-Induced Antigen-Specific Tregs Inhibit Neuro-inflammation and Reverse Disease in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

The devastating neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis (MS) could substantially benefit from an adeno-associated virus (AAV) immunotherapy designed to restore a robust and durable antigen-specific tolerance. However, developing a sufficiently potent and lasting immune-regulatory therapy that can intervene in ongoing disease is a major challenge and has thus been elusive. We addressed this problem by developing a highly effective and robust tolerance-inducing in vivo gene therapy. Using a pre-clinical animal model, we designed a liver-targeting gene transfer vector that expresses full-length myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in hepatocytes. We show that by harnessing the tolerogenic nature of the liver, this powerful gene immunotherapy restores immune tolerance by inducing functional MOG-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vivo, independent of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restrictions. We demonstrate that mice treated prophylactically are protected from developing disease and neurological deficits. More importantly, we demonstrate that when given to mice with preexisting disease, ranging from mild neurological deficits to severe paralysis, the gene immunotherapy abrogated CNS inflammation and significantly reversed clinical symptoms of disease. This specialized approach for inducing antigen-specific immune tolerance has significant therapeutic potential for treating MS and other autoimmune disorders.
Hypercube implementation of some parallel algorithms in control

A tutorial introduction is given to some parallel algorithms for certain computational problems arising in state-space-based modeling in control engineering. The need for parallel algorithms is motivated by considering computations derived from state-space models involving high-dimensional matrices. Such models occur frequently in, for example, finite element modeling and are typically in so-called second-order form. Specific problems addressed in this paper and used for illustrative purposes include the solution of linear systems of equations, calculation of multivariable frequency response matrices from state-space data, and the solution of algebraic Riccati equations. Parallel algorithm implementations are described for a 32 processor Intel iPSC Hypercube.
Hospital and clinical care costs associated with atrial fibrillation for Medicare beneficiaries in the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Framingham Heart Study.

Background:Atrial fibrillation is increasingly prevalent as the US population ages and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Care for patients with atrial fibrillation can be cost...
Extremes and Exceedance Measures for Continuous Parameter Stationary Processes

This paper attempts to provide a coherent overview of various existing methods (with some new results) concerning extremes of continuous parameter stationary processes. This involves (1) the extension of classical extreme value theory to describe maxima of stationary processes in continuous time and (2) the more general question of modeling repeated excursions by the process above high levels and consequent measures of exceedance (or “damage”). While general theorems are given the comparisons are primarily made and exemplified for Gaussian processes, for which the most detailed specific results are available.
Maine’s Experiment with Gasoline Policy to Manage Mtbe in Groundwater

The gasoline additive MtBE has become one of the most commonly detected contaminants in groundwater nationwide and has caused much concern in the state of Maine. In 1998 the Maine Department of Human Services conducted a statewide survey of groundwater wells and MtBE was detected in 16% of private and public wells tested. These findings resulted in the state regulatory agencies deciding to opt out of the reformulated gasoline (RFG) program in 1999. Subsequently, the average concentration of MtBE in gasoline dropped from ∼15% to 2% by volume to protect water resources. This major policy change provided a microcosm to study the economic and environmental effects of this gasoline additive. In order to test the effect of this policy on water quality, groundwater samples were analyzed over a period of six years (1998–2003) from 19 wells distributed across a sand and gravel aquifer in Windham, Maine. MtBE continues to occur in detectable concentrations in 30 to 40% of the study wells despite Maine’s decision to opt out of the RFG program in 1999. Although recent detected concentrations are lower than in previous years, this study confirms MtBE’s temporal and spatial persistence in the environment. Reducing MtBE concentrations in gasoline may not be sufficient to eliminate its occurrence in groundwater. The economic perspective is that MtBE increases the cost of groundwater remediation, as compared to MtBE-free gasoline. Economic data for spills are being analyzed to assess if reducing MtBE concentration in gasoline has affected remediation cost. Preliminary results suggest that MtBE increases costs, even when present in low concentrations in gasoline.
An integrative intervention program for college musicians and kinematics in cello playing

Abstract Introduction College musicians preparing for performing careers must sustain physical-mental fitness as deficiencies can cause pain and injury and compound stress and anxiety. An integrative intervention program was embedded in a college music course. Methods The program included yoga, physical therapy exercises, and mental fitness & improvisation practices. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 34 over six semesters. We assessed the effects of the program by comparing pre-post data of (1) physical strength-flexibility-endurance tests and (2) psychometrics containing health-practice inventory (HPI), physical-musical efficacy (PME), and mental fitness and improvisation (MFI). Nonparametric Paired Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests were used to assess statistical significance of pre-post changes and Matched Pair Rank Biserial Correlation r was applied to demonstrate the effect size. (3) We observed kinematics of string players by plotting pre-post motion capture. Results Physical strength showed significant changes with left pectoral minor length (p = .01, r = .64) and deep neck flexor strength/endurance (p Conclusion College musicians’ integrative intervention program was effective with a modest postural change in our purposive sample (250).
Discovery of 3,9‐Diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanes as Potent Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists with Sleep‐Promoting Activity in the Rat.

The synthesis of novel constrained diazepams, e.g. (VII) (no yields given), having a bicyclic core, is described.
Feasibility of integrating a dental hygienist into an inpatient medical team for patients with diabetes mellitus

Patients who are hospitalized face a high risk of poor oral health and experience a decline in oral hygiene over the course of hospitalization. Due to the documented links between diabetes and periodontal disease as well as the prevalence of diabetes in the hospitalized population, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were chosen as the population of interest for a pilot program of dental hygienist-led care provision in the hospital. Inclusion criteria were established by agreement of a dentist and physician. Nursing and medical staff were provided with multiple opportunities to learn about the dental hygienist's role throughout the pilot. The dental hygienist utilized a fully mobile dental unit and bedside suction unit and followed all standard infection control procedures. This intervention identified a number of suboptimal oral health practices among patients and was perceived positively by patients and providers. No adverse events occurred.
Rapid sampling during synthesis of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for spectroscopic measurement

The photophysical properties of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are critical to their potential application in light emitting devices and other optoelectronics, and are typically characterized using optical spectroscopies. Measurements of nuclei and nascent NC photophysics during synthesis provide insight into how the reaction can be changed to control the properties of the resulting NCs. However, these measurements are typically only performed ex situ after growth is halted by centrifuging the reaction mixture for several minutes. Here, a method is reported to rapidly sample the reaction mixture during a solvation-limited synthesis to enable multiple spectroscopic measurements during nucleation and NC growth. Absorbance and fluorescence measurements of a reaction mixture during the formation of methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite NCs are reported. The changing positions of spectral features as a function of reaction time show the expected weakening of exciton confinement during NC growth. The evolving fluorescence spectra demonstrate that the capping and surface passivation of nascent NCs changes during the reaction. The species in the reaction mixture, particularly during the early stages of the synthesis, are shown to be unstable. This indicates that, even for a relatively slow solvation-limited reaction, the photophysics of the reaction mixture can only be accurately captured if spectroscopic measurements are completed within seconds of sampling. The common use of centrifugation to quench NC syntheses prior to spectroscopic measurement biases the NC population towards more stable, well-capped NCs and does not accurately report on the full NC population in a reaction mixture.
Intraoperative margin assessment of breast-conserving surgery resections using x-ray micro-computed tomography and optical structured light (Conference Presentation)

The most common treatment for early-stage breast cancer involves breast-conserving surgery (BCS), which is a local resection of malignant tissue. BCS success relies on the presence of healthy tissue margins surrounding each resection. However, approximately 20% of BCS patients require follow-up surgery to remove residual tumor. Micro-computed tomography and optical structured light imaging were investigated for intraoperative margin assessment. Specimens were imaged immediately after resection and before surgical inking, and image data were compared to postoperative histopathology. The study demonstrated the feasibility of imaging during BCS and generated a baseline multimodal dataset of whole BCS resections, including positive margin signatures.
Chapter 17 – Robbery

Publisher Summary Robberies have considerable impact on the community. They engender fear and reduce the quality of life in a neighborhood, and political pressure is often brought to bear on the police department to solve them. Robbery involves either violence or the threat of violence, and the theft of property. It confronts the victim with a high probability of physical injury, emotional trauma, and frequently a feeling of helplessness. Robbery investigations employ all the elements involved in criminal investigation: people (victims and witnesses), method (modus operandi), physical evidence, crime analysis, and records. It is a confrontational crime, thereby placing the victim in position to be an eyewitness—even if the suspect is disguised. General crime scene protection and search measures should be observed at the robbery scene and in other key locations. Some specific types of physical evidence, such as foot prints, fingerprints, saliva, and body secretions should be considered at robbery scenes. A robbery suspect will probably have a prior arrest record. The manner in which records are used may determine the success or failure of the investigation. Successful robbery investigations depend heavily on the ability of the investigator to recognize significant variables that can be used to research past crimes as a measure of identifying and locating suspects.
Device and system level design considerations for analog-non-volatile-memory based neuromorphic architectures

This paper gives an overview of recent progress in the brain-inspired computing field with a focus on implementation using emerging memories as electronic synapses. Design considerations and challenges such as requirements and design targets on multilevel states, device variability, programming energy, array-level connectivity, fan-in/fan-out, wire energy, and IR drop are presented. Wires are increasingly important in design decisions, especially for large systems; and cycle-to-cycle variations have large impact on learning performance.
An algorithm for the sedation of patients with obstructive sleep apnea by non-anesthesiologists

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at risk for adverse events when moderate sedation is administered by nurse protocols (NAMS) under the guidance of non-anesthesiologists. An algorithm...
Validation of testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) staging in nationwide cancer registries.

383Background: Nationwide cancer registries such as the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) rely on accurate data from institutional tumor registr...
Vision and Leadership: A Review of 'Lee Kuan Yew: The Grand Master's Insights on China, the United States, and the World, Interviews and Selections'

This review summarizes and analyzes a book of passages written and stated by Lee Kuan Yew, the former long-time Prime Minister of Singapore whose leadership transformed the smallest country in Southeast Asia into what Henry Kissinger calls “the intellectual and technical center in the Asia-Pacific.” Formatted as if it were an interview with Lee, the work draws from over sixty years of Lee’s speeches and writings in a way that attempts to answer some complicated questions the United States is likely to face for the remainder of this century. It poses hypothetical questions about the future of geopolitics and foreign relations, and presents germane (though spliced-together) insights from Lee’s many speeches, writings, and interviews in an attempt to answer them. The topics covered range from the respective futures of China and the U.S., as well as the relations between those nations. India, Islamic extremism, economic growth — both domestic and as a function of globalization, and the future of democracy itself are also discussed at-length. As the editors explain, the purpose of the book is not biographical, nor is it a vehicle to look back on the last fifty years, nor Lee’s role during them. “Rather, our focus is the future and the specific challenges the United States will face during the next quarter century.” The work’s intended readership includes high-level policymakers, and can almost serve as a ready-reference for Lee quotes or sound-bites on the several topics it covers. The review also includes further discussion and analysis of several issues alluded to in the book, accounting for current affairs since the book's publication.
A Chlorophyll B Deficient Mutant of Wheat with an Altered Photoadaptation Response

Chloroplasts of higher plants and algae are not static structures, but respond to varying environmental conditions with a high degree of plasticity. Variation is seen not only between sun and shade adapted plant species, but also within a single species grown under light regimes differing in quality and quantity (1,2). This process of photoadaptation, which results in maximal photosynthetic efficiency for a given light regime, involves both short term regulatory mechanisms, such as the state1-state2 transition, and long term alterations in thylakoid membrane structure, composition, and function. In general, high light-adapted plants show decreased thylakoid stacking, decreased photosynthetic unit sizes, increased chl a/b ratios, and higher maximal rates of photosynthetic electron transport than do low light-adapted plants.
Pulmonary Hypertension/Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension is caused by pulmonary vascular disease, with subsequent impact on the right ventricle and progressive heart failure. This article reviews the classification system, the epidemiology, the clinical presentation, the pathology of the pulmonary vasculature and the right ventricle, and the theories about disease pathogenesis including animal models currently in use.
Statistical properties of the electrophoretic collision of a long DNA molecule with a small obstacle

We present experimental results for the collision of a single λ-DNA molecule with isolated cylindrical nanoposts whose radii range from 350 nm to 1.37 μm. The experimental apparatus was fabricated in oxidized silicon using a plasma-thinning method. The probability density for the dimensionless holdup time is described by a gamma distribution, which accurately represents the behavior of the probability density for X collisions and U/J collisions for short-lived and long-lived collisions, respectively. The shape parameter of the gamma distribution reflects the nature of the short-lived collisions, whereas the scaling parameter captures the role of the finite size of the post on the U/J collisions. When rendered in an appropriate dimensionless form, the existing models for the role of electric field gradients extend to all post sizes, indicating that 350 nm is still well above the point-sized limit. Our experiments provide insights into a regime that is very challenging for numerical simulations but highly relevant for separation processes.
Seasonal changes in avian song nuclei without seasonal changes in song repertoire

Seasonal variation in the size of song nuclei in the brains of male songbirds may be related to the ability to learn to sing new songs as adults. This hypothesis was tested with the rufous-sided towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), a species in which song repertoires are stable after 1 yr of life. Towhees were hand raised in the laboratory and tutored with normal towhee songs. After song repertoires were recorded at 1 yr of age, photoperiods were manipulated so that 10 male towhees experienced short days and 10 males experienced long days. Circulating hormone concentrations and anatomical attributes of song nuclei were then measured. Photoperiod-related differences in the song nuclei of these towhees were as large as those seen in “open-ended learners” (i.e., species that continue to learn new songs as adults). Seasonal changes of the adult song system may thus occur without disrupting existing song repertoires and without the development of new songs. The synaptic plasticity provided by such seasonal variation, however, may enable song learning by adult birds.
Effect of cell–cell interactions in preservation of cellular phenotype: cocultivation of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells

Heterotypic cell interaction between parenchymal cells and nonparenchymal neighbors has been reported to modulate cell growth, migration, and/or differentiation. In both the developing and adult liver, cell-cell interactions are imperative for coordinated organ function. In vitro, cocultivation of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells has been used to preserve and modulate the hepatocyte phenotype. We summarize previous studies in this area as well as recent advances in microfabrication that have allowed for more precise control over cell-cell interactions through 'cellular patterning' or 'micropatterning'. Although the precise mechanisms by which nonparenchymal cells modulate the hepatocyte phenotype remain unelucidated, some new insights on the modes of cell signaling, the extent of cell-cell interaction, and the ratio of cell populations are noted. Proposed clinical applications of hepatocyte cocultures, typically extracorporeal bioartificial liver support systems, are reviewed in the context of these new findings. Continued advances in microfabrication and cell culture will allow further study of the role of cell communication in physiological and pathophysiological processes as well as in the development of functional tissue constructs for medical applications.
The Effect Of Cognitive Load On Economic Decision Making: A Survey And New Experiments

Abstract Psychologists and economists have examined the effect of cognitive load in a variety of situations from risk taking to snack choice. We review previous experiments that have directly manipulated cognitive load and summarize their findings. We report the results of two new experiments where participants engage in a digit-memorization task while simultaneously performing a variety of economic tasks including: (1) choices involving risk, (2) choices involving intertemporal substitution, (3) choices with anchoring effects, (4) choices over healthy and unhealthy snacks, and (5) math problems. We find that higher cognitive load reduces numeracy as measured by performance in math problems. Moreover, within-subject analysis indicates that cognitive load leads to more risk-averse behavior, more impatience over money, and (nominally) more likelihood to anchor. We do not find any evidence that cognitive load increases impatience over consumption goods or unhealthy snack choices. Exploiting the panel nature of our data set, we find that those individuals who are most sensitive to cognitive load, as measured by a large drop in their own math performance across 1- and 8-digit memorization treatments, are driving much of the effect.
Cell biology of nematode sperm.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews methods that have been developed for working with the amoeboid sperm of nematodes. The chapter focuses on the free-living Caenorhabditis elegans and the pig parasite Ascaris suum. The superb genetics and ease in obtaining DNA clones containing desired gene sequences make C. elegans the system of choice for genetic and molecular biological studies. Greater than 50% of the cells in a mature C. elegans male are sperm. When C. elegans males are squashed under hydraulic force, they burst open and release their sperm into the surrounding medium under conditions where other tissues remain relatively intact. This permits straightforward purification of near-homogeneous sperm, the vast majority of which are in the spermatid stage. Ascaris offers three principal advantages over C. elegans for the study of sperm cell biology. A robust Ascaris male contains 5 X l07 spermatids in its seminal vesicle, compared with 3 X l03 in a virgin C. elegans male. The volume of each spermatid from Ascaris is about 10-fold greater than its counterpart from C. elegans. Activation in Ascaris produces motile spermatozoa with a highly ordered cytoskeleton composed of major sperm protein (MSP) filaments grouped into long, branched fiber complexes that can be viewed in real time in live cells by light microscopy.