cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diminished zonula occludens-1 expression in the failing human heart

Abstract Background Reduced expression of the major gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in the failing human heart may lead to arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Cx43 interacts with the actin binding protein, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and it has recently been demonstrated that ZO-1 regulates the formation and function of Cx43 gap junctions. We hypothesize that normal expression of ZO-1 and its interaction with Cx43 are required for appropriate assembly and function of Cx43 gap junctions in the heart. Here, we determined whether expression of ZO-1 is altered in patients with heart failure. Methods We examined ventricular myocardium from hearts of patients in end-stage heart failure, obtained at transplant, for ZO-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. We also subjected lysates made from this tissue to immunoblotting to determine the level of ZO-1 expression. Results and Conclusions ZO-1 was found at 96% of the intercalated discs in nonfailing control human hearts, where it colocalized with Cx43. In contrast, there was ZO-1 immunostaining at 5% of intercalated discs in failing hearts, coincident with a reduction in Cx43 staining in intercalated discs. Immunoblotting analysis showed that there was a 95% reduction in ZO-1 expression in human heart failure. Loss of ZO-1 at intercalated discs in heart failure may play a critical role in remodeling of Cx43 gap junctions, which may contribute to abnormal impulse propagation and arrhythmogenesis, thereby predisposing patients in heart failure to sudden cardiac death.
Ordered Response Threshold Estimation

This paper shows that many estimators of thresholds in ordered response models exist, because binary choice location estimators can be converted into threshold estimators. A new threshold estimator is proposed that is consistent under more general conditions. An extension to random thresholds is provided.
Efficient edge-preserving regularization for limited-angle tomography

We demonstrate that the constraint of piecewise smoothness, applied through the use of edge-preserving regularization, can provide excellent tomographic reconstructions from limited-angle data. The tomography problem is formulated as a regularized least-squares optimization problem, and is then solved using a generalization of a recently proposed deterministic relaxation algorithm. This algorithm has been shown to converge under certain conditions when the original cost functional being minimized is convex. We have proven that our more general algorithm is globally convergent under less restrictive conditions, even when the original cost functional is nonconvex. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, and show that for moderate to high photon counts, spectrally weighted error norms perform as well as, or better than a standard error norm that is commonly used for Poisson-distributed data. This suggests that a recently proposed fast Fourier algorithm, which is restricted to using a spectrally weighted error norm, can be used in many practical limited-angle problems to perform the minimization needed by the deterministic relaxation algorithm.
EFFECTS OF PEELING METHODS ON THE NUTRITIVE CONTENT OF WHOLE CANNED CHICO III TOMATOES

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of peeling method (hot water, lye, or liquid N2) on the nutrient composition of canned tomatoes. The titratable acidity was slightly lower in lye-peeled than in water- or N2 -peeled tomatoes, and niacin was a little lower in water-peeled than in lye- or N2-peeled tomatoes. There were no differences in moisture, pH °Brix, ash, fat, fiber, iron, calcium, protein, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, total carbohydrate, or caloric value which could be attributed to peeling method.
Metabolic relationships between pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and serine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12.

Abstract We propose a pathway leading from erythrose-4-phosphate and glutamate to nitrogen 1 and carbons 5,5', and 6 of the pyridoxine ring. This pathway, which parallels the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis, is predicted on the homology between PdxB and SerA, the structural similarity between serine and 4-hydroxythreonine, and the possible involvement of SerC in pyridoxine biosynthesis. Several predictions of this hypothetical scheme were tested. Consistent with the proposed pathway, supplement inhibition patterns strongly suggest that SerA enzyme acts in a an alternate pathway of pyridoxine biosynthesis in pdxB mutants. Direct enzyme assays detected erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in crude extracts, which again supports the proposed pathway. Chromosomal insertions in serC caused a requirement for pyridoxine, serine, and aromatic compounds, which directly verified that SerC functions in the pyridoxine biosynthetic pathway. Complementation analysis showed that pdxF and pdxC mutations reported previously are most likely alleles of serC. Growth of serC chromosomal insertion mutants on glycoalaldehyde was found to occur without acquisition of second-site mutations and confirmed that pdxB and serC, but not pdxA, function in the same branch of the pyridoxine pathway. In addition, serC::mini-Mu d insertions revealed that the complex serC-aroA operon lacks internal promoters, that the amino terminus of SerC is not strictly essential for activity, and that antisense transcription occurs in the serC-aroA operon. Growth responses of pdxA, pdxB, and serC mutants to beta-hydroxypyruvate, D-alanine, and glycolate could also be reconciled with the proposed pathway. Finally, the proposed scheme is consistent with previous isotope labeling data and accounts for several other observations about pyridoxine biosynthesis. Together, these physiological and biochemical analyses support the proposed pathway and an evolutionary scenario in which this branch of the pyridoxine pathway evolved from the serine pathway by gene recruitment.
Survey of facility and management characteristics of large, Upper Midwest dairy herds clustered by Dairy Herd Improvement records

A survey of management practices was conducted to investigate potential associations with groupings of herds formed by cluster analysis (CA) of Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) data of 557 Upper Midwest herds of 200 cows or greater. Differences in herd management practices were identified between the groups, despite underlying similarities; for example, freestall housing and milking in a parlor. Group 6 comprised larger herds with a high proportion of primiparous cows and most frequently utilized practices promoting increased production [e.g., 84.4% used recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST)], decreased lameness (e.g., 96.9% used routine hoof trimming for cows), and improved efficiency in reproduction [e.g., 93.8% synchronized the first breeding in cows (SYNCH)] and labor (e.g., mean ± SD, 67 ± 19 cows per 50-h per week full-time equivalent worker). Group 1 had the best mean DHI performances and followed most closely group 6 for the rate of adoption of intensive management practices while tending to outperform group 6 despite a generally smaller mean herd size (e.g., 42.3 ± 3.6 kg vs. 39.9 ± 3.6 kg of energy-corrected milk production; 608 ± 352 cows vs. 1,716 ± 1,405 cows). Group 2 were smaller herds with relatively high levels of performance that used less intensive management (e.g., 100% milked twice daily) and less technology (33.3 vs. 73.0% of group 1 used rbST). Group 4 were smaller but poorer-performing herds with low turnover and least frequently used intensive management practices (e.g., 39.1% SYNCH; 30.4% allowed mature, high-producing cows access to pasture). Group 5 used modern technologies and practices associated with improved production, yet had the least desirable mean DHI performance of all 6 groups. This group had the lowest proportion of deep loose-bedded stalls (only 52.2% used sand bedding) and the highest proportion (34.8%) of herds not using routine hoof trimming. The survey of group 3 herds did not reveal strong trends in management. The differences identified between herd groupings confirm significant variation in management practices linked to variation in overall herd performance measured by DHI variables. This approach provides an opportunity for consultants and outreach educators to better tailor efforts toward a certain type of dairy management philosophy, rather than taking a blanket approach to applying recommendations to farms simply because of their larger herd size.
Longitudinal PET Evaluation of Cerebral Metabolic Decline in Dementia: A Potential Outcome Measure in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment Studies

OBJECTIVE: It is well established that regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose assessed by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease in the mental resting state (eyes and ears covered) provide a sensitive, in vivo metabolic index of Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Few studies, however, have evaluated longitudinal declines in regional cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, the available studies have not used recently developed brain mapping algorithms to characterize the progression of Alzheimer’s disease throughout the brain, and none considered the statistical power of regional cerebral glucose metabolism in testing the ability of treatments to attenuate the progression of dementia. METHOD: The authors used FDG PET and a brain mapping algorithm to investigate cross-sectional reductions in regional cerebral glucose metabolism, longitudinal decline in regional cerebral glucose metaboli...
T Cells with Chimeric Antigen Receptors Have Potent Antitumor Effects and Can Establish Memory in Patients with Advanced Leukemia

Tumor immunotherapy with T lymphocytes, which can recognize and destroy malignant cells, has been limited by the ability to isolate and expand T cells restricted to tumor-associated antigens. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) composed of antibody binding domains connected to domains that activate T cells could overcome tolerance by allowing T cells to respond to cell surface antigens; however, to date, lymphocytes engineered to express CARs have demonstrated minimal in vivo expansion and antitumor effects in clinical trials. We report that CAR T cells that target CD19 and contain a costimulatory domain from CD137 and the T cell receptor ζ chain have potent non–cross-resistant clinical activity after infusion in three of three patients treated with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The engineered T cells expanded >1000-fold in vivo, trafficked to bone marrow, and continued to express functional CARs at high levels for at least 6 months. Evidence for on-target toxicity included B cell aplasia as well as decreased numbers of plasma cells and hypogammaglobulinemia. On average, each infused CAR-expressing T cell was calculated to eradicate at least 1000 CLL cells. Furthermore, a CD19-specific immune response was demonstrated in the blood and bone marrow, accompanied by complete remission, in two of three patients. Moreover, a portion of these cells persisted as memory CAR+ T cells and retained anti-CD19 effector functionality, indicating the potential of this major histocompatibility complex–independent approach for the effective treatment of B cell malignancies.
High temperature crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Annealing poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) at high temperature results in a crystalline phase stable to 10°C higher than the temperature previously regarded as the equilibrium melting point. Melting temperatures as high as 289°C can be attained, which is equivalent to the equilibrium melting point determined herein for PET. The high melting point and tendency to superheat suggest that the crystals possess a substantial extended chain structure, notwithstanding the magnitude of the infrared fold band.
A Lightning Parameterization for Numerical Cloud Models

Abstract A new lightning parameterization has been developed to enable cloud models to simulate the location and structure of individual lightning flashes more realistically. To do this, three aspects of previous parameterizations have been modified: 1) To account for subgrid-scale variations, the initiation point is chosen randomly from among grid points at which the electric field magnitude is above a threshold value, instead of being assigned always to the grid point having the maximum electric field magnitude. 2) The threshold value for initiation can either be constant, as in previous parameterizations, or can vary with height to allow different flash initiation hypotheses to be tested. 3) Instead of stopping at larger ambient electric field magnitudes, extensive flash development can continue in regions having a weak ambient electric field but a substantial charge density. This behavior is based on lightning observations and conceptual models of lightning physics. However, like previous parameteriza...
Commercial Speech, Commercial Use, and the Intellectual Property Quagmire

The commercial speech doctrine in First Amendment jurisprudence has frequently been criticized and is recognized as a highly contested, problematic and shifting landscape. Despite the compelling critique within constitutional law scholarship more broadly, Intellectual Property (“IP”) law has not only embraced the differential treatment of commercial speech, but has done so in ways that disfavor a much broader swath of speech than traditional commercial speech doctrine allows. One of the challenges for courts, litigants, and scholars alike is that the term “commercial” is used to mean multiple things, even within the same body of IP law. In this Article, I not only identify the breadth of the confusion surrounding issues of commerciality in IP law, but also develop a taxonomy of what is meant by “commercial” in the context of IP. Greater precision of what we mean by “commercial” is required not only for clarity’s sake, but also to facilitate the deeper normative analysis that I engage in as I consider whether commercial speech and commerciality more broadly — particularly in the sense of seeking financial gain — are worthwhile determinants of liability in the IP context. I focus on claims arising under trademark, right of publicity, and copyright laws, but the analysis here applies more broadly to other areas of IP law, such as trade secrets and patent law. In Part I of the Article, I identify the different aspects of IP laws that raise the issue of commerciality and point out the many areas of confusion on questions as basic as the elements of these causes of action and defenses to them. In Part II, I develop a taxonomy of what is meant by “commercial” in IP law. In Part III, I consider the justifications for using these various meanings of “commercial” as a basis for making determinations of rights, liability, and defenses to IP claims. The primary justifications for distinguishing commercial from noncommercial speech, and commercial from noncommercial uses (in the “for-profit” sense), are rooted in concerns over free speech and constitutionality, value, harm, and broader principles of fairness. I consider each of these justifications in turn and ultimately conclude that they fail to provide a convincing normative basis for distinctions rooted in commerciality and that none adequately explains the current contours of IP laws. Finally, in Part IV, I provide some preliminary observations about the implications of this analysis and the importance of creating a more coherent IP law that better identifies when commerciality should and should not matter. Being clearer about when and why commerciality matters (and when and why it does not) in intellectual property law may also provide guidance about how to move forward with (or away from) the commercial speech doctrine elsewhere.
The world in 2025 - predictions for the next ten years

The one constant in electronics manufacturing is change. Moore's Law which successfully predicted a rate of change at which transistor counts doubled on Integrated Circuits (IC's) at lower cost for decades has started to slow down. Rising costs for chip design from one node to the next are expected due to increased process complexity and number of lithography steps. This presents opportunities for advanced 2.5D System in Package (SiP) integration where multiple chips of different functionalities can be integrated on an interposer.
Subsurface Irrigation Easily Automated

Subsurface irrigation applies water directly into the root zone of the crop. Two subsurface irrigation systems are described herein: an automatic float-operated device to supply water needed to a tree or plants; and a plastic hose with inserts—system planted with the potato seed and harvested with the mature potatoes.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Thrombin-Fibrinopeptide and Thrombin-Hirudin Complexes

The thrombin-fibrinogen interaction to form the fibrin clot proceeds in three reversible steps (Scheraga and Laskowski, 1957), with thrombin being involved in only the first one: Step 1 Proteolysis \({\text{F}}\,\overset {\text{T}} \leftrightarrows \,{\text{f + P}} \) Step 2 Polymerization \(nf \rightleftarrows {f_n} \) Step 3 Clotting \(m{{\text{f}}_n} \rightleftarrows {\text{fibrin}} \) where F is fibrinogen, T is thrombin, f is the fibrin monomer, P represents the fibrinopeptides A and B (two each) released by proteolytic cleavage of the Arg—Gly bonds in the Aα and Bβ chains, respectively, of fibrinogen, fn is a series of intermediate, rodlike staggered overlapped polymers of variable length (i.e., varying n), and fibrin is the clotted product formed by the incorporation of m rodlike polymers in an organized networklike structure.
Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism and Active Malignancy: A Single-Center Registry.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in patients with venous thromboembolism and active malignancy, given the paucity of clinical data with the use of direct Xa inhibitors in this high-risk population. Patients and Methods Consecutive patients treated with rivaroxaban for deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, enrolled into Mayo Thrombophilia Clinic Direct Oral Anticoagulants Registry between March 1, 2013, and April 30, 2015, were followed prospectively to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this therapy. Results Of the 404 venous thromboembolism patients in the registry, 296 received rivaroxaban and had at least 3 months of follow-up. Of these, 118 (40%) had active malignancy (51% female, mean age 66 ± 10 years) and 178 had no cancer (47% female, mean age 55 ± 15 years). The 3 most common cancer locations were genitourinary (23.6%), gastrointestinal (20.3%), and lung (13.5%). There was no difference in venous thromboembolism recurrence between the malignant (3.3%) and the nonmalignant (2.8%) venous thromboembolism groups ( P = .533). Borderline higher rates for major bleeding ( P = .06) and nonmajor clinically relevant bleeding ( P = .08) were observed in patients with cancer. Conclusions The "real world" effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban is similar for venous thromboembolism patients with and without active malignancy.
Instability of a Bose-Einstein condensate with an attractive interaction

We study the stability of a Bose-Einstein condensate of harmonically trapped atoms with negative scattering length, specifically {sup 7}Li. Our method is to solve the time-dependent nonlinear Schroedinger equation numerically. For an isolated condensate, with no gain or loss, we find that the system is stable (apart from quantum tunneling) if the particle number N is less than a critical number N{sub c}. For N>N{sub c}, the system collapses to high-density clumps in a region near the center of the trap. The time for the onset of collapse is on the order of one trap period. Within numerical uncertainty, the results are consistent with the formation of a ''black hole'' of infinite density fluctuations, as predicted by Ueda and Huang [Phys. Rev. A (to be published)]. We numerically obtain N{sub c}{approx_equal}1251. We then include gain-loss mechanisms, i.e., the gain of atoms from a surrounding ''thermal cloud,'' and the loss due to two- and three-body collisions. The number N now oscillates in a steady state, with a period of about 145 trap periods. We obtain N{sub c}{approx_equal}1260 as the maximum value in the oscillations. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
A Synopsis of the Genus Edrotes (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

In 1824, Thomas Say described a small, black, rotund, hirsute, flightless ground tenebrionid from the eastern foothills of the Colorado Rockies as Pimelia rotunda , a genus which, as now defined, is excluded from the Western Hemisphere. Twenty-eight years later, Dr. J. L. Le Conte described ventricosus from southern California and erected the genus Edrotes to include both species. In 1890, Col. Thomas L. Casey began work on the genus and named nitidus and globosus from southern California and Colorado, respectively; the former related to Le Conte's ventricosus , the latter to Say's rotundus. Seventeen years later, Casey added orbus, angusticollis and longipennis from ventricosus stock, and inflatus, puncticeps, intermixtus, oblongulus, lineatus, subaequalis and angustulus from rotundus stock. In 1923, the late Dr. Frank E. Blaisdell described mexicanus and asperatus , of ventricosus stock, from Baja, California. The following year Casey, apparently having just received four more specimens from the West, applied to them the names laticollis, longicornis and variipilis —all of ventricosus stock. In 1943, Dr. Blaisdell added desertus , of rotundus stock, from Baja California.
Biomarkers as Predictors of Cardiac Toxicity From Targeted Cancer Therapies.

Abstract Background Cardiac biomarkers have been extensively investigated as early detectors of cardiac toxicity from cancer therapies. Whereas the role of biomarkers in monitoring anthracycline toxicity is generally well understood, substantial uncertainty remains regarding their role in monitoring newer targeted cancer therapies. Methods and Results This review article examines all major published studies using cardiac troponins and/or N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in monitoring for cardiac toxicity with trastuzumab, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. There is substantial variability among studies regarding biomarker assays used, sensitivity of the assays, and definitions of abnormal results. In general, troponin I predicts early but not late cardiac events when trastuzumab is administered after anthracyclines, but troponin increases likely reflect anthracycline injury rather than trastuzumab injury. NT-proBNP detects cardiac toxicity with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors, but not independently from echocardiography. Conclusions Troponin I can serve as a marker for susceptibility to cardiac toxicity during early trastuzumab treatment in patients who have received recent anthracyclines. NT-proBNP can serve as a useful marker of cardiac toxicity in patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors if echocardiographic screening is not being used.
Negotiating Conquest: Internal Colonialism and Shared Histories in the South Texas Borderlands

This essay conceptualizes the post-1848 South Texas borderlands through the internal colonial model. South Texas Mexicans, rather than being the passive victims of domination by a colonial power, actively negotiated their places within the South Texas internal colony, similar to colonized peoples in formal colonial settings throughout world history.
Evaluation of commercially available milk powders for calibration of mid-infrared analyzers

The performance of commercially available shelf-stable milk powders that upon reconstitution can be used as calibration samples for mid-infrared (IR) analyzers was evaluated. Twelve reconstituted powders and 7 raw milk samples were sent to each of 7 laboratories. Each laboratory analyzed the reconstituted powders and milk samples by IR and obtained both corrected and uncorrected data. The corrected data reflected the current calibrations (based on calibration with fresh, raw milk) of each instrument. The uncorrected data from the reconstituted powders were used to derive separate calibration equations for each instrument. Two of the 12 reconstituted powers were discarded from the analysis because of poor quality. The abilities of the powder-based and current calibrations to predict accurately the total protein and fat contents of the 7 raw milk samples were compared. For the current and powder-based calibrations, respectively, the mean differences from chemical analysis for total protein were -0.006 and 0.031%, and the standard deviations of the differences (SDD) were 0.029 and 0.029%. For fat, the mean difference for the current calibration was -0.001%, and the SDD was 0.034%. For the powder-based fat calibration, the mean differences were 0.034% (fat A only), -0.047% (fat B only), and -0.061% (fat A and fat B), and SDDs were 0.046% (fat A only), 0.036% (fat B only), and 0.056% (fat A and fat B). The reconstituted powders did not provide as accurate an IR fat calibration for testing raw milk samples as can be obtained with raw milk calibration samples. This is attributed primarily to differences in the characteristics of the fat in the reconstituted powders and in raw milk. For protein, analytical precisions for both types of calibrations were comparable, and the positive bias for the powder-based calibration is relatively easy to correct by basing calibration on true protein nitrogen instead of total nitrogen.
A Comprehensive Approach to the Patient at End of Life: Assessment of Multidimensional Suffering

Pain is a multidimensional, complex experience. There are many challenges in identifying and meeting the needs of patients experiencing pain. Evaluation of pain from a bio-psycho-social-spiritual framework is particularly germane for patients approaching the end of life. This review explores the relation between the psychospiritual dimensions of suffering and the experience of physical pain, and how to assess and treat pain in a multidimensional framework. A review of empirical data on the relation between pain and suffering as well as interdisciplinary evidence-based approaches to alleviate suffering are provided.
A Single Mutation in the VP1 of Enterovirus 71 is Responsible for Increased Virulence and Neurotropism in Adult Interferon Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has spread throughout the Asia-Pacific region, affecting millions of young children, who develop symptoms ranging from painful blisters around their mouths and hands to neurological complications. Many members of the genus Enterovirus (family Picornaviridae) cause HFMD. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the primary causative agents and has been linked to severe disease. Vaccine efficacy and pathogenesis studies for EV71 have been limited because there is a lack of suitable animal models. Previously, we generated a mouse-adapted EV71 (mEV71) capable of infecting 12-week-old interferon receptor-deficient AG129 mice and used the model to evaluate the efficacy of candidate HFMD vaccines. Here, we present data investigating the genetic correlates of EV71 adaptation and characterize the virus9s tissue tropism in mice. Using reverse genetics, a VP1 mutation (K244E) was shown to be necessary for mEV71 virulence in adult mice. Another VP1 mutation (H37R) was required for mEV71 recovery on rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Viral loads determined by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR confirmed the presence of mEV71 in the sera and multiple organs of mice. Histological analysis revealed signs of meningitis and encephalitis, characteristic of severe human disease. The further description of this model has provided insight into EV71 pathogenesis and demonstrates the importance of the VP1 region in facilitating mEV71 adaptation. IMPORTANCE EV71 is a reemerging pathogen, and little is known about the genetic determinants involved in its pathogenesis. The absence of animal models has contributed to this lack of knowledge. The data presented here improve upon the existing animal models by characterizing a mouse-adapted strain of EV71. We determined that a VP1 mutation (K244E) was needed for EV71 virulence in adult AG129 mice. While this mutation was found previously for EV71 adaptation in 5-day-old BALB/c mice, neurotropic disease did not develop. Using interferon-deficient mice, we raised the age of susceptibility beyond 6 weeks and provided clear evidence that our model mimics severe human infections. The model can be exploited to identify determinants of EV71 virulence and to reveal molecular mechanisms that control the virus-host interaction, especially those associated with neurotropic disease. Furthermore, these data provide useful information regarding the importance of VP1, specifically position 244, in host adaptation and tissue dissemination.
The Classical Theory and Its Critique

There is reasonable doubt about Marx’s final intentions concerning the ‘general law of capitalist accumulation’. The Communist Manifesto and Value, Price and Profit make an intriguing pair: they are texts written near the beginning and near the end, respectively, of Marx’s productive lifetime, and both suggest that the core of the process lies in the struggle between the two defining classes, capitalists and workers. In the Manifesto, the capitalists ‘create their own gravediggers’: in their frenzied (but absolutely necessary) pursuit of profits and power, they call into existence the class with ‘radical chains’, the proletariat. This class, through its experience of daily struggle and periodic crisis, both grows and matures — industrially, politically, educationally — gradually acquiring the capacity to take power and reshape society along new lines. The long-term balance of class forces, then, shifts in favor of the workers; this is the basis of structural crisis in capitalism.
The Legacy of Johann Strauss: Political Influence and Twentieth-Century Identity

To this day, Johann Strauss, Jr remains one of the most popular composers in his native city of Vienna. In The Legacy of Johann Strauss, Zoe Alexis Lang examines how the reception of Strauss's waltzes played a key role in the construction of twentieth-century Austrian identity. Using press coverage from the centennial celebration of Strauss's birth in Vienna, Lang argues that his music remained popular because it continued to be revitalised by Austrians seeking to define their culture. Revealing the origins of the Vienna Philharmonic's New Year's Concert, Lang considers how Strauss was appropriated as a National Socialist icon in the 1930s and 1940s, and explores the Strauss family's Jewish ancestry, along with the infamous forgery of paperwork about their lineage during the 1940s. This book also includes a case study of Strauss's Emperor Waltz, considering its variegated usage in concerts and films from 1925 to 1953.
The Outpatient Setting

While the outpatient clinic may be the last place a medical student aspiring to be an orthopedic surgeon wants to spend, the clinic actually offers one of the best opportunities to make a positive impression on attendings and residents. Being in clinic with an attending provides you an opportunity to interact with them in a low-stress environment as well as an environment you are more comfortable in (the clinic vs. the operating room), since by the time you are rotating in orthopedics you have already spent ample time in other subspecialty clinics. This may be one of the few settings in which you get one-to-one interaction with your attending in a low-pressure situation, where you can both ask questions and showcase your clinical acumen and interest.
Mathematical subtleties and scientific knowledge: Francis Bacon and mathematics, at the crossing of two traditions.

This article engages the much-debated role of mathematics in Bacon's philosophy and inductive method at large. The many references to mathematics in Bacon's works are considered in the context of the humanist reform of the curriculum studiorum and, in particular, through a comparison with the kinds of natural and intellectual subtlety as they are defined by many sixteenth-century authors, including Cardano, Scaliger and Montaigne. Additionally, this article gives a nuanced background to the ‘subtlety’ commonly thought to have been eschewed by Bacon and by Bacon's self-proclaimed followers in the Royal Society of London. The aim of this article is ultimately to demonstrate that Bacon did not reject the use of mathematics in natural philosophy altogether. Instead, he hoped that following the Great Instauration a kind of non-abstract mathematics could be founded: a kind of mathematics which was to serve natural philosophy by enabling men to grasp the intrinsic subtlety of nature. Rather than mathematizing nature, it was mathematics that needed to be ‘naturalized’.
Relationships of Bulk Tank Somatic Cell Counts to Prevalence of Intramammary Infection and to Indices of Herd Production1

Linear regressions and correlations between bulk tank somatic cell counts and (a) prevalence of intrammary infection (n = 80), (b) test day average daily milk and fat production per cow (n = 85), and (c) rolling herd average milk and fat production per cow (n = 83) were determined. The correlation coefficient between bulk tank somatic cell count and prevalence of infection was + . 77 and the coefficient of determination was .59; prevalence of infection was thus the major determinant of bulk tank somatic cell count. Highly significant negative correlations were found between bulk tank somatic cell counts and indices of herd production.
The Importance of Bureaucrats in a Weak State: Evidence from the Philippines

We present new evidence that individual bureaucrats matter for state capacity outcomes in a developing country context. We construct revenue district office-matched panel data for the Philippines that allow us to follow tax officers across different assignments. We find that bureaucrat fixed effects explain a significant extent of differences in local fiscal performance. We find that such differences are in part due to observable traits of bureaucrats. Finally, we find that effective officer-district matching appears to mitigate revenue loss due to the negative influence of political interference on tax officer assignments.
Richard Baxter, Thomas Barlow and the Advice to a Young Student in Theology, St John's College, Cambridge, MS K.38: A Preliminary Assessment

This article identifies as the work of Richard Baxter a set of ecclesiastical directions and reading recommendations contained in fos 180–208 of St John's College, Cambridge, MS K.38, once tentatively ascribed to Thomas Barlow, but demonstrably a close analogue of British Library, MS Harleian 6009, which is a copy of a lost Baxter original. Internal evidence of MS K.38 and comparison with MS 6009 and Baxter's Christian directory imply both an earlier date and a wider circulation of Baxter's archetype than hitherto suspected, suggesting a new direction of inquiry into Baxter's scholarly and ecclesiastical associations.
Thompson’s Group F

R. Thompson’s group F is introduced and explored. Its elements are described as equivalence classes of tree diagrams and also as continuous piecewise linear functions from the unit interval to itself, and the two descriptions are linked. We give a finite presentation of F along with a presentation on infinitely many generators, which leads to a normal form.
A systematic-theoretic analysis of data-driven throughput bottleneck detection of production systems

Abstract Throughput is one of the most critical performance indices for design, control, and operation management of production systems. Throughput bottleneck greatly impedes the overall performance of modern production systems. However, detecting throughput bottlenecks of production systems is a complicated task due to the complexity of production system dynamics. In this paper, a new data-driven bottleneck detection method is proposed based on rigorous mathematical proof for general serial production systems, which uses the routinely available industrial data on the plant floor to identify the throughput bottleneck location within production systems in both the short-term (transient) and long-term (steady-state) periods. Case studies are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The research outcomes will enhance the intelligent decision-making and real-time operation management capabilities in the modern manufacturing enterprises.
Depletion of U3 small nucleolar RNA inhibits cleavage in the 5' external transcribed spacer of yeast pre-ribosomal RNA and impairs formation of 18S ribosomal RNA

Multiple processing events are required to convert a single eukaryotic pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) into mature 18S (small subunit), 5.8S and 25-28S (large subunit) rRNAs. We have asked whether U3 small nucleolar RNA is required for pre-rRNA processing in vivo by depleting Saccharomyces cerevisiae of U3 by conditional repression of U3 synthesis. The resulting pattern of accumulation and depletion of specific pre-rRNAs indicates that U3 is required for multiple events leading to the maturation of 18S rRNA. These include an initial cleavage within the 5' external transcribed spacer, resembling the U3 dependent initial processing event of mammalian pre-rRNA. Formation of large subunit rRNAs is unaffected by U3 depletion. The similarity between the effects of U3 depletion and depletion of U14 small nucleolar RNA and the nucleolar protein fibrillarin (NOP1) suggests that these could be components of a single highly conserved processing complex.
Theory of Dynamic Screening in Macromolecular Solutions

A semi-microscopic treatment is presented of hydrodynamic screening in a suspension of elastic-dumbbell, two-bead “polymers.” The theory is cast in a form that serves to emphasize its similarities to an earlier theory due to de Gennes. It is concluded that screening is a transient phenomenon which vanishes for stationary flows unless the particles interact so strongly that they form a rigid network of immobilized obstacles.
Current conceptualizations of narcissism.

Purpose of review Definitions of narcissism have traditionally differed across psychiatry and subfields of psychology. This review aims to highlight emerging points of consensus and suggest further directions needed to obtain a more comprehensive and cohesive conceptualization of the construct. Recent findings An emerging consensus is that stable individual differences in the phenotypic expression of narcissism are best captured with a taxonomy that includes the core traits of entitlement, grandiosity, and vulnerability. Recent work has also begun to conceptualize and assess narcissistic states matched with these dimensions. We combine emerging taxonomic knowledge with principles from Whole Trait Theory to propose a multilevel conceptualization of narcissism that focuses on its manifestation at the trait level, state level, and within-situation level. Summary Efforts to understand the phenotypic structure of the core traits associated with narcissism have been successful. As the field moves forward, it will become critical for researchers studying narcissism at multiple levels to align and integrate these perspectives so that a more comprehensive and cohesive conceptualization of the construct can be developed.
Creativity in Education: A Global Concern

This special issue of Global Education Review, dedicated to the theme of creativity, looks at creativity from various angles and lenses that are particularly relevant to education, from the neuroscience on what influences creativity and global views on creativity to specific programs that target the development of creativity. Efforts toward nurturing creativity in public schools, higher education and teacher education are represented.
Racial disparities in treatment and survival from ovarian cancer.

Abstract Background Black women with ovarian cancer in the U.S. have lower survival than whites. We aimed to identify factors associated with racial differences in ovarian cancer treatment and overall survival (OS). Methods We examined data from 365 white and 95 black ovarian cancer patients from the Hollings Cancer Center Cancer Registry in Charleston, S.C. between 2000 and 2015. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between race and receipt of surgery and chemotherapy, and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs between race and OS. Model variables included diagnosis center, stage, histology, insurance status, smoking, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (AACI) and residual disease. Interactions between race and AACI were assessed using −2 log likelihood tests. Results Blacks vs. whites were over two-fold less likely to receive a surgery-chemotherapy sequence (multivariable-adjusted OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.43–4.21), particularly if they had a higher AACI (interaction p = 0.008). In multivariable-adjusted Cox models, black women were at higher risk of death (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.35–2.43) than whites, even when restricted to patients who received a surgery-chemotherapy sequence (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.10–2.89) and particularly for those with higher AACI (HR 4.70, 95% CI 2.00 − 11.02, interaction p = 0.01). Conclusions Among blacks, higher comorbidity associates with less chance of receiving guideline-based treatment and also modifies OS. Differences in receipt of guideline-based care do not completely explain survival differences between blacks and whites with ovarian cancer. These results highlight opportunities for further research.
Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus surface protein extraction methods and immunogenicity

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is the major contagious bovine mastitis pathogen and has no effective vaccine. Strain variation and limited knowledge of common immunogenic antigen/s are among major constraints for developing effective vaccines. S. aureus cell surface proteins that are exposed to the host immune system constitute good vaccine candidates. The objective of this study was to compare two novel S. aureus surface protein extraction methods with biotinylation method and evaluate immune-reactivity of extracted proteins. Surface proteins were extracted from nine genetically distinct S. aureus strains from cases of bovine mastitis. After extraction, bacterial cell integrity was examined by Gram staining and electron microscopy to determine if extraction methods caused damage to cells that may release non-surface proteins. The extracted proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and evaluated for immune-reactivity using western blot. Results showed that all three extraction methods provided multiple protein bands on SDS-PAGE. Western blot result showed several immunoreactive surface proteins, in which some proteins strongly (well-resolved, thick, dark, and intense band) reacted across the nine strains tested. The three methods are valid for the extraction of surface proteins and hexadecane, and cholic acid methods are more feasible than biotinylation since both are easier, cheaper, and have minor effects on the bacterial cell. Strongly immune-reactive surface proteins may serve as potential candidates for a vaccine to control S. aureus mastitis in dairy cows.
Delving into dynamic effects.

Although the application of force to induce chemical transformations is an active area of research, detailed understanding of these mechanochemical pathways is still lacking. Now, the mechanochemical activation of [4]-ladderane has been studied and found to exhibit unique non-equilibrium dynamic effects.
Differences of In-School Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity among Fourth Grade Urban Youth.

There is a clear and well-documented link between physical activity (PA) and health. However, many youth do not participate in the recommended levels of PA in order to gain health benefits. Given t...
Covid-19 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases - Case Series from New York.

Covid-19 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases The authors describe patients in New York City with known immune-mediated inflammatory disease in whom Covid-19 developed while they were receiving...
Prolonged exposure to particulate Cr(VI) is cytotoxic and genotoxic to fin whale cells.

Abstract Background Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a human lung carcinogen and global marine pollutant. High Cr concentrations, resembling the ones observed in occupationally exposed workers, have been observed in fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Gulf of Maine. This outcome suggests Cr might be disrupting the health of fin whale populations. Indeed, Cr in acute (24 h) exposure does cause toxicity in fin whale cells. However, human cell culture data indicate prolonged exposures (120 h) induce a higher amount of toxicity compared to 24 h exposure due to an inhibition of homologous recombination repair. However, whether prolonged exposure causes similar outcomes in fin whale cells is unknown. Objective Due to the importance of assessing prolonged exposure toxicity, this study focuses on characterizing acute and prolonged exposure of Cr(VI) in male and female fin whale cells. Methods Cytotoxicity was measured by the clonogenic assay, also known as colony forming assay, which measures the ability of cells to proliferate and form colonies after the treatment. DNA double strand breaks were analyzed by neutral comet assay. Clastogenicity was measured using the chromosome aberration assay. Intracellular Cr levels were measured with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) with Syngistix Software. Results In this study, we demonstrate that particulate Cr(VI) induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a treatment-dependent manner after 24 h and 120 h exposures. Cytotoxicity levels were generally low with relative survival above 64 %. DNA double strand break data and chromosome aberration data were elevated after a 24 h exposure, but decreased after a 120 h exposure. While cytotoxicity was similar after 24 h and 120 h exposures, less DNA double strand breaks and chromosomal instability occurred with prolonged exposure. Conclusion Particulate Cr(VI) is cytotoxic and genotoxic to fin whale cells after acute and prolonged exposures. The reduction of genotoxicity we have observed after 120 h exposure may be partly explained by lower intracellular Cr levels after 120 h. However, the decrease in intracellular levels is not reflected by a similar decrease in chromosome aberrations suggesting other mechanisms may be at play. Male fin whale cells appear to be more susceptible to the genotoxic effects of particulate Cr(VI) while female cells are less susceptible possibly due to increased cell death of damaged cells, but more work is needed to clarify if this outcome reflects a sex difference or interindividual variability. Overall, the study shows particulate Cr(VI) does induce toxicity at both acute and prolonged exposures in fin whales cells indicating Cr(VI) exposure is a health risk for this species.