cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do Fourteenth Amendment considerations outweigh a potential state interest in mandating cochlear implantation for deaf children

Currently, the decision concerning pediatric cochlear implantation for children remains a personal choice for parents to make. Economic factors, educational outcomes, and societal attitudes concerning deafness could result in an increased governmental interest in this choice. This article examines case law related to the issue of parental autonomy to determine whether the stale, acting in the role of parens patriae, could use economic and social reasons to mandate the provision of cochlear implants for all eligible children. The author uses previous cases as a framework to develop an opinion on whether a constitutional protection for parents may exist.
A unified approach to semi-autonomous control of passenger vehicles in hazard avoidance scenarios

This paper describes the design of unified active safety framework that combines trajectory planning, threat assessment, and semi-autonomous control of passenger vehicles into a single constrained-optimal-control-based system. This framework allows for multiple actuation modes, diverse trajectory-planning objectives, and varying levels of autonomy. The vehicle navigation problem is formulated as a constrained optimal control problem with constraints bounding a navigable region of the road surface. A model predictive controller iteratively plans the best-case vehicle trajectory through this constrained corridor. The framework then uses this trajectory to assess the threat posed to the vehicle and intervenes in proportion to this threat. This approach minimizes controller intervention while ensuring that the vehicle does not depart from a navigable corridor of travel. Simulated results are presented here to demonstrate the framework's ability to incorporate multiple threat thresholds and configurable intervention laws while sharing control with a human driver.
Acute neurotoxicity of meperidine in an infant

We report a 6-week-old boy with meperidine neurotoxicity. What distinguished our patient from those previously reported was his minimal exposure to therapeutic doses of meperidine in the setting of normal renal function, and no history of sickle cell anemia, cancer, hepatitis, or cirrhosis. In addition, our patient had no abnormal changes in the electroencephalogram during the event. After only 2 doses of meperidine, he exhibited acute orofacial dyskinesias consisting of tongue thrusting, lip pursing, and facial grimacing combined with prominent flexion of the arms and stiffening of his legs. However, a normal sucking response remained. His symptoms resolved over the next 36 hours and did not respond to naloxone. We believe that this unique presentation of meperidine-induced neurotoxicity may be due to changes in the basal ganglia resulting from perinatal hypoxemia.
Role of cardiac output versus peripheral vasoconstriction in mediating muscle metaboreflex pressor responses: dynamic exercise versus postexercise muscle ischemia

Muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA) during submaximal dynamic exercise in normal individuals increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) via increases in cardiac output (CO) with little peripheral vasoconstriction. The rise in CO occurs primarily via increases in heart rate (HR) with maintained or slightly increased stroke volume. When the reflex is sustained during recovery (postexercise muscle ischemia, PEMI), HR declines yet MAP remains elevated. The role of CO in mediating the pressor response during PEMI is controversial. In seven chronically instrumented canines, steady-state values with MMA during mild exercise (3.2 km/h) were observed by reducing hindlimb blood flow by ∼60% for 3–5 min. MMA during exercise was followed by 60 s of PEMI. Control experiments consisted of normal exercise and recovery. MMA during exercise increased MAP, HR, and CO by 55.3 ± 4.9 mmHg, 42.5 ± 6.9 beats/min, and 2.5 ± 0.4 l/min, respectively. During sustained MMA via PEMI, MAP remained elevated and CO remained well above the normal recovery levels. Neither MMA during dynamic exercise nor during PEMI significantly affected peripheral vascular conductance. We conclude that the sustained increase in MAP during PEMI is driven by a sustained increase in CO not peripheral vasoconstriction.
Does Television Viewing Hinder Academic Achievement Among Adolescents

This study examines the relationship between exposure to various types of television programs and measures of achievement, both of knowledge and skills. The results support a differential viewing hypothesis and a displacement of time hypothesis as explanations for the relationship. Furthermore, a threshold effect resulted that indicates that television viewing does not adversely affect achievement until viewing exceeds about 10 hours per week.
ESTRADIOL METABOLISM IN PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT WOMEN.

Abstract After the intramuscular injection of tracer doses of estradiol-6,7-H 3 to 1 nonpregnant and 4 pregnant women, the radioactivity present in the blood and various maternal and fetal tissues was determined, and the tritiated urinary excretion products were measured and identified. The levels of tritium in the fetal circulation were 50 to 75 per cent of those in comparable maternal blood, indicating that the steroid readily crosses the placental barrier. Approximately 2 hours after estradiol injection, the uterus and subcutaneous fat of the nonpregnant, but not of the pregnant, patients showed high levels of radioactivity. In the fetus, the pituitary possessed a higher tritium content than the blood, while the liver, gall bladder, and upper intestine showed high levels of radioactivity, suggesting hepatic clearance of estrogen from the fetal circulation. Three patients in whom pregnancy was of 15 weeks' or greater duration excreted a much smaller amount of the administered tritium as urinary metabolites than did the 12 weeks pregnant or nonpregnant patients. The latter 2 individuals excreted radioactivity principally as estrone, especially in the first 12 hours after injection. The 3 patients with further advanced pregnancies excreted large amounts of radioactive estriol and other more polar steroids with only small quantities of estrone, and continued to do so even after the ovaries, placenta, and fetus were removed. It is suggested that, between the twelfth and fifteenth weeks of pregnancy, adaptive changes take place in steroid metabolism by maternal tissues, resulting in enhanced conversion of estradiol to estriol.
Method of generating orbital transient equivalent sink temperatures and thermal vacuum test target temperatures for swift instruments

An instrument module and optical bench integrated thermal model has been developed at GSFC. This instrument module consist of three instruments- burst alert telescope (BAT), X-ray telescope (XRT) and ultraviolet optical telescope (UVOT). A simplified spacecraft bus thermal model is also included in the integrated mode. It is used to generate environmental heat fluxes and radiation couplings. The technique to generate effective sink temperature, and the results and validation for the proposed technique for the UVOT are presented.
Chemical Warfare in the Great War

'Was gas a failure?' When, fifteen years ago, Lutz Haber gave a decidedly affirmative answer to this question in his now-classic study, The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War, one might have believed that he had definitively settled one of the key issues of the 'chemists' war'. Yet Haber qualified his own judgment, noting that, had the war gone on into 1919, 'chemical warfare, along with the tank, would have decided the issue'. He also noted significant gaps in the literature: 'There is still no comprehensive biography of Fritz Haber [Lutz's father, the principal architect of chemical warfare on the German side] nor for that matter an official German, British, or French history of chemical warfare in the First World War.'1 It is thus hardly surprising that, among the burgeoning literature on the First World War in recent years, the subject of chemical warfare has continued to receive its share of scholarly attention but whether that has translated into a clearer understanding of chemical warfare in general accounts of the war is a very different question. Another reason for re-examining this subject has been the availability of collections of sources that Haber overlooked, or that were inaccessible or unknown to him. Haber's work remains the best single work on the subject, covering well both the fighting fronts and the home fronts (the scientific, technological, and industrial dimensions). Nevertheless, a more nuanced picture of chemical warfare in the Great War has begun to emerge. Works have appeared that go far towards filling the gaps lamented by Haber: two general studies of chemical warfare, one from a German and one from a
Swelling of U-7Mo/Al-Si dispersion fuel plates under irradiation – Non-destructive analysis of the AFIP-1 fuel plates

Abstract Extensive fuel-matrix interactions leading to plate pillowing have proven to be a significant impediment to the development of a suitable high density low-enriched uranium molybdenum alloy (U-Mo) based dispersion fuel for high power applications in research reactors. The addition of silicon to the aluminum matrix was previously demonstrated to reduce interaction layer growth in mini-plate experiments. The AFIP-1 project involved the irradiation, in-canal examination, and post-irradiation examination of two fuel plates. The irradiation of two distinct full size, flat fuel plates (one using an Al-2wt%Si matrix and the other an Al-4043 (∼4.8 wt% Si) matrix) was performed in the INL ATR reactor in 2008–2009. The irradiation conditions were: ∼250 W/cm2 peak Beginning Of Life (BOL) power, with a ∼3.5e21 f/cm3 peak burnup. The plates were successfully irradiated and did not show any pillowing at the end of the irradiation. This paper reports the results and interpretation of the in-canal and post-irradiation non-destructive examinations that were performed on these fuel plates. It further compares additional PIE results obtained on fuel plates irradiated in contemporary campaigns in order to allow a complete comparison with all results obtained under similar conditions. Except for a brief indication of accelerated swelling early in the irradiation of the Al-2Si plate, the fuel swelling is shown to evolve linearly with the fission density through the maximum burnup.
A robust close-range photogrammetric target extraction algorithm for size and type variant targets

The Photo-G program conducted by Naval Air Systems Command at the Atlantic Test Range in Patuxent River, Maryland, uses photogrammetric analysis of large amounts of real-world imagery to characterize the motion of objects in a 3-D scene. Current approaches involve several independent processes including target acquisition, target identification, 2-D tracking of image features, and 3-D kinematic state estimation. Each process has its own inherent complications and corresponding degrees of both human intervention and computational complexity. One approach being explored for automated target acquisition relies on exploiting the pixel intensity distributions of photogrammetric targets, which tend to be patterns with bimodal intensity distributions. The bimodal distribution partitioning algorithm utilizes this distribution to automatically deconstruct a video frame into regions of interest (ROI) that are merged and expanded to target boundaries, from which ROI centroids are extracted to mark target acquisition points. This process has proved to be scale, position and orientation invariant, as well as fairly insensitive to global uniform intensity disparities.
Urethral Sphincter Activity Following Acute Spinal Cord Injury

AbstractWe studied 44 patients with spinal cord injury during the first 72 hours after injury to determine the functional status of the bladder and external urethral sphincter. The studies included determination of the bulbocavernosus reflex, cystometry and sphincter electromyogram. In patients with lesions above the sacral cord the bulbocavernosus reflex was present. In nearly all of these patients the external sphincter activity increased with bladder filling. In all but 1 patient with injury to the sacral cord the bulbocavernosus reflex could not be elicited and the sphincter electromyogram did not increase with bladder filling.
Erratum to: The IGF1small dog haplotype is derived from Middle Eastern gray wolves

Author(s): Gray, Melissa M; Sutter, Nathan B; Ostrander, Elaine A; Wayne, Robert K | Abstract: AbstractN/A
HKDC1 Is a Novel Hexokinase Involved in Whole-Body Glucose Use

In a recent genome-wide association study, hexokinase domain-containing protein 1, or HKDC1, was found to be associated with gestational glucose levels during 2-hour glucose tolerance tests at 28 weeks of pregnancy. Because our understanding of the mediators of gestational glucose homeostasis is incomplete, we have generated the first transgenic mouse model to begin to understand the role of HKDC1 in whole-body glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, deletion of both HKDC1 alleles results in in utero embryonic lethality. Thus, in this study, we report the in vivo role of HKDC1 in whole-body glucose homeostasis using a heterozygous-deleted HKDC1 mouse model (HKDC1+/−) as compared with matched wild-type mice. First, we observed no weight, fasting or random glucose, or fasting insulin abnormalities with aging in male and female HKDC1+/− mice. However, during glucose tolerance tests, glucose levels were impaired in both female and male HKDC1+/− mice at 15, 30, and 120 minutes at a later age (28 wk of age). These ...
The wrong path

England certainly saw in recent centuries a progress in the sense of a process … it was imperial in a mercantile manner; it seems now to be ending in [a] paradise of plutocrats … But anyone attempting to show that this process affecting England actually was England, has to face and answer [the] very arresting fact … that every great Englishman with the gift of expression whom the world recognizes as specially English, and as speaking for many Englishmen, was either in unconscious contradiction to that trend or (more often) in furious revolt against it. —G. K. Chesterton By now it should seem clear to the reader that the vision of a tranquilly rustic and traditional national way of life permeated English life, and that any understanding of British economic development must take account of that fact. Nonetheless, the other facts could not be denied; the vision was not secure. Industrialism had of course been born in England; there was no wishing that fact away. But the legitimacy of that birth could be denied: Industrialism and the industrial spirit could be seen as not truly English, and, indeed, as a profound menace to the survival of “Englishness.” A cultural polarity gradually emerged between Englishness, identified with the pastoral vision (the “green and pleasant land”), and industrialism (the “dark satanic mills”). The vision was felt to be precarious, being eroded bit by bit by the advance of industry. The power of the Machine was invading and blighting the Shire.
Functionalization of Porous Silicon Surfaces through Hydrosilylation Reactions

Hydrosilylation of alkynes and alkenes on silicon surfaces utilizing the native Si-H termination can be smoothly and rapidly carried out (30 s to 24 h) at room temperature through hydrosilylation mediated by Lewis acid catalysts or photoinduction with white light. Insertion of alkynes and alkenes into surface silicon hydride bonds yields covalently bound alkenyl and alkyl groups, respectively. Different chemical functionalities can be incorporated through these hydrosilylation reactions, including ester, hydroxy, chloro, nitrile and chiral groups. Hydrophobic porous silicon surfaces demonstrate remarkable stability with respect to boiling aqueous aerated pH 1 to 10 solutions, and protect the bulk silicon from attack. Modification and tailoring of surface properties through this series of reactions induce wide variations in photoluminescent behavior of porous silicon, leading to almost complete quenching in the case of substituted and unsubstituted styrenyl termination, and minor decreases for alkyl and alkenyl functionalization. Because of the broad range of stable, modified surfaces produced using this chemistry, the work described here represents an important step towards technological applications of silicon surfaces.
The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System 25 Years Later: Past, Present, and Future Developments.

Abstract Context Routine symptom assessment represents the cornerstone of symptom management. Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) is one of the first quantitative symptom assessment batteries that allows for simple and rapid documentation of multiple patient-reported symptoms at the same time. Objectives To discuss the historical development of ESAS, its current uses in different settings, and future developments. Methods Narrative review. Results Since its development in 1991, ESAS has been psychometrically validated and translated into over 20 languages. We will discuss the variations, advantages, and limitations with ESAS. From the clinical perspective, ESAS is now commonly used for symptom screening and longitudinal monitoring in patients seen by palliative care, oncology, nephrology, and other disciplines in both inpatient and outpatient settings. From the research perspective, ESAS has offered important insights into the nature of symptom trajectory, symptom clusters, and symptom modulators. Furthermore, multiple clinical studies have incorporated ESAS as a study outcome and documented the impact of various interventions on symptom burden. On the horizon, multiple groups are actively investigating further refinements to ESAS, such as incorporating it in electronic health records, using ESAS as a trigger for palliative care referral, and coupling ESAS with personalized symptom goals to optimize symptom response assessment. Conclusion ESAS has evolved over the past 25 years to become an important symptom assessment instrument in both clinical practice and research. Future efforts are needed to standardize this tool and explore its full potential to support symptom management.
Frequency of carcinoid syndrome at neuroendocrine tumour diagnosis: a population-based study

Summary Background Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) can secrete bioactive amines into the bloodstream, causing carcinoid syndrome, with symptoms including flushing and diarrhoea. However, carcinoid syndrome frequency in the NET population has never been rigorously assessed, nor has its relationship to presenting clinicopathological characteristics. This analysis assessed the proportion of patients with NETs and carcinoid syndrome in the USA and associated clinical factors. Methods We identified patients (≥65 years of age) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database, excluding those with pancreatic tumours or small-cell or large-cell lung cancer, as well as those without complete data. We assessed the incidence of patients with at least two insurance claims of flushing, diarrhoea, or carcinoid syndrome during the 3 months before and after NET diagnosis. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics between patients with and without carcinoid syndrome using χ 2 tests. We used the Cochran-Armitage trend test to identify trends in carcinoid syndrome incidence and Cox regression to assess the relationship between carcinoid syndrome and survival. Findings Between April 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2011, 9512 eligible patients were diagnosed with NETs, of whom 1786 (19%) had carcinoid syndrome. The number of patients with NETs and carcinoid syndrome increased from 50 (11%) of 465 patients in 2000 to 160 (19%) of 854 in 2011 (p Interpretation This population-based analysis reveals that carcinoid syndrome is significantly associated with tumour grade, stage, and primary tumour site, and leads to shorter survival compared with those patients without carcinoid syndrome. An improved understanding of the heterogeneity of presenting symptoms among patients with NETs might permit more tailored assessment and management than at present and enable future research into the effect of carcinoid syndrome control on patient survival. Funding Ipsen.
Restoration of denitrification in agricultural wetlands

Abstract Wetland restoration of abandoned farmland may replace some of the wetland area originally lost to development, but these restoration opportunities pose unique challenges due to the agricultural legacy of the soil. Understanding how wetlands restored on agricultural lands develop and function is critical not only for improving restoration practice, but for developing our ecological understanding of wetlands. In New England, cranberry farming has dominated the agricultural industry for over a century, but decreases in yield, increases in costs, and competition from more productive cultivars grown primarily in the upper Midwest and Canada are forcing many New England cranberry farms to close. Because most cranberry farms developed in the late 1800’s and 1900’s are located in low-elevation coastal bogs in densely populated areas, the potential of restoring wetland functions lost to agricultural development is particularly significant. The objective of this study was to assess soil-based ecosystem functions in an actively farmed cranberry bog, a retired cranberry bog, a restored bog, and a natural reference bog that had not been farmed. At each site we measured a suite of soil processes and properties including denitrification potential, soil organic matter, moisture, and microbial biomass as indicators of wetland development and functioning. Denitrification potential increased with increasing soil moisture, organic matter, and microbial biomass. However, all measures were significantly lower in the retired and restored bogs compared to natural wetlands. A trajectory model based on short-term trends suggests that restoration provides a quicker path to wetland development and functional equivalence than site retirement with no restoration, although the process appears to be slow.
Numerical analysis of wavefront aberration correction using multielectrode electrowetting-based devices

We present numerical simulations of multielectrode electrowetting devices used in a novel optical design to correct wavefront aberration. Our optical system consists of two multielectrode devices, preceded by a single fixed lens. The multielectrode elements function as adaptive optical devices that can be used to correct aberrations inherent in many imaging setups, biological samples, and the atmosphere. We are able to accurately simulate the liquid-liquid interface shape using computational fluid dynamics. Ray tracing analysis of these surfaces shows clear evidence of aberration correction. To demonstrate the strength of our design, we studied three different input aberrations mixtures that include astigmatism, coma, trefoil, and additional higher order aberration terms, with amplitudes as large as one wave at 633 nm.
The Mind and Computation

In any intellectual era, there are certain views that are widely held that are, nonetheless, implausible to the point of being out of the question, and even out of the question given the state of knowledge of the particular era in which they flourish. Subsequent generations find it almost incredible that their great grandparents could have believed anything so far-fetched. In the philosophy of a hundred years or so ago, I believe an example would be the absolute idealism of the Hegelian variety that flourished at the end of the nineteenth century. It is hard now even to recover the mode of sensibility which made it seem plausible, even true, that everything in the world is really a set of blips on some great cosmic mind. A more recent example of widespread absurdity is the behaviorism that flourished in psychology and philosophy only a generation ago. The idea that there is really nothing to your mind except your bodily movements seems to me so implausible that I can’t easily imagine how people could have believed it. However, even behaviorism isn’t quite totally dead.
Was können Verhaltenskodizes leisten

Die Diskussionen uber Verhaltens- oder Ethik-Kodizes begleiten uns seit Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts. Insofern darf an der Schwelle zum nachsten Jahrhundert ein „zweiter nuchterner Blick“ auf die bisherigen Versuche einer Normierung der Manager- und Ingenieurverantwortung gewagt werden.
Marine and Aquatic Communities, Stress from Eutrophication

Most lakes, estuaries, and coastal ocean regions in the proximity of large human populations have experienced significant nutrient enrichment when contrasted to more “pristine” conditions. This stress of nutrient enrichment is viewed as the cause of eutrophication, with classical symptoms of subsurface water oxygen depletion from excess algal production and proliferation of noxious algal species. The typical eutrophication phenomenon has been defined in lakes as a direct cause-and-effect relationship to a single macronutrient, usually phosphate. For both ecological research and resource management, this lake concept has been extended to estuarine and coastal waters, with some incorrect conclusions. Estuaries and coastal waters, as well as lakes, have complex microbial communities of phytoplankton algae plus heterotrophic bacteria and protozoa that together act as the beginning of the food web. The response of different members of these communities to different stimuli as well as differences of grazer pressure on different ecosystems must be taken into consideration. In estuaries and coastal waters, more complex biogeochemical reactions and tides and currents further complicate understanding the impact of nutrients. Ratios of the macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorus to each other and to silicon vary in both time and space, exerting varying influences on the microbial response. In addition, trace nutrients, which are often considered unimportant in lakes, probably have a major influence on estuarine and coastal primary production. Trace metals and organic compounds also have potential contaminant influences on the overall microbial response. Eutrophication as a stress in estuarine and coastal marine waters is not a simple cause-and-effect phenomenon.
Depressive Characteristics of FSL Rats ☆: Involvement of Central Nicotinic Receptors

Antidepressant effects of acute or chronic nicotine treatments in swim test immobility of Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats, an animal model of depression, were recently demonstrated (Tizabi et al. Psychopharmacology 142:193, 1999). In the present study we sought to determine whether the antidepressant effects of nicotine could be blocked by the nicotinic antagonist, mecamylamine (MEC). Moreover, the effects of chronic nicotine treatment on [3H]cytisine binding in discrete brain regions of FSL and their control Flinders resistant line (FRL) rats were also evaluated. Adult male FSL rats were treated with MEC (0.5 mg/kg) 20 min prior to an acute or chronic nicotine administration. MEC by itself did not affect the immobility in swim test. However, it completely blocked the acute or chronic nicotine effects. Daily nicotine injection (0.4 mg/kg/day for 14 days) resulted in an increase in [3H]cytisine binding primarily in the FRL rats. An increase in nicotinic receptor binding following chronic nicotine administration is believed to reflect desensitization of these receptors. These findings, coupled with previous observation of higher basal nicotinic receptors in FSL rats, further support the involvement of central nicotinic receptors in depressive characteristics of these rats. Moreover, the data suggest therapeutic potential for selective nicotinic receptor agonists in depressive disorders.
Hepatic glutathione concentrations linked to ethionine toxicity in rats

1. The effect of injected ethionine on liver GSH concentrations was studied in male and female rats. 2. Liver GSH concentrations were markedly and consistently decreased in 5hr. and elevated within 24–44hr. By 72hr. the amount of liver GSH of ethionine-poisoned rats had the same values as saline-injected control rats. At no time was erythrocyte GSH concentration affected by ethionine. 3. The concentrations of non-protein thiol compounds, glycogen and ATP were also significantly decreased when the rats were killed 5hr. after ethionine injection. 4. ATP, adenine or methionine did not prevent the decrease of liver GSH produced by ethionine. From these and other observations we conclude that ethionine is not an antagonist of methionine with respect to GSH metabolism. 5. The metabolic relationship between ethionine toxicity and liver GSH concentration is briefly discussed.
Russian Intelligentsia in the Age of Counterperestroika

In 57 B.C.E., Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman consul and leading public intellectual, ran into heavy political headwinds. After turning down Caesar’s invitation to join the antirepublican forces, he...
Sexual cyberbullying: Review, critique, & future directions

Abstract Sexual cyberbullying is a relatively novel issue wherein various forms of technology including cell phone messaging, social media, and other online tools are used to harass another individual in a sexually explicit fashion, or to coerce an individual into providing private sexual information or engage in activities which are sexual in nature. The present article explores the relevant research to date on sexual cyberbullying. A methodological critique of this literature is discussed and suggestions for future research are provided. In particular, the importance of establishing a theoretical framework which can be used to better conceptualize and understand sexual cyberbullying and other forms of technologically mediated aggression is highlighted. Contextual factors which may also influence sexual cyberbullying, such as alcohol, hookup culture, and the recent discussion of revenge porn in the media, are also discussed.
Electrophoresis of megaDalton proteins inside colloidal silica.

With the growth of the biopharmaceutical industry, there is a need for rapid size-analysis of proteins on the megaDalton scale. The large pore sizes needed for such separations cannot be easily reached by pushing the current limits of size-exclusion chromatography or gel electrophoresis. The concept detailed here is the formation of arbitrarily wide pores by packing nonporous colloidal silica in capillaries. This method can be called packed-capillary electrophoresis, or "pCE". Electrophoresis of protein standards (11-155 kDa) by pCE, using 345 nm diameter particles in 100 μm diameter capillaries, gives 2x higher resolution than a typical PAGE gel in 1/6 of the time. The electropherograms show that pCE is highly efficient, with half-micrometer plate heights for all seven standards, giving 105 plates for a 50 mm length. The large pore radius of 65 nm enables baseline resolution of proteins of 0.72, 1.048 and 1.236 MDa in less than 15 min. The short separation time of pCE is attributed to the absence of small pores that restrict protein migration in gels. The pCE separation is applied to the analysis of a stressed pharmaceutical-grade IgG4 sample, giving unprecedented baseline resolution of monomer, dimer, trimer and tetramer in less than 10 min.
Zn-Sn Interdigitated Eutectic Alloy Anodes with High Volumetric Capacity for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Summary Zn-Sn interdigitated eutectic alloy (IdEA) foils are highly promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Synthesized via severe plastic deformation, a two-phase alloy is converted into a nanostructured foil composed of tin domains distributed throughout an electrically conductive zinc matrix. In addition to providing mechanical integrity, uncycled capacity in the zinc matrix eliminates the lithium-plating risk. These monolithic foil anodes offer an electrode-level volumetric capacity approximately double that of graphite (797 mA h cm−3), with a highly promising formation loss of
Abstract WMP90: Race/Ethnic Disparities in Short and Long Term Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries in Florida and Puerto Rico: Data from the Florida Puerto Rico Collaboration to Reduce Stroke Disparities (FL-PR CReSD) Study - the NINDS Stroke Prevention Intervention Research Program

Background: Race/ethnic disparities in acute stroke care may impact stroke outcomes. We compared short- and long-term mortality by race/ethnicity among Medicare beneficiaries in Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) hospitals participating in the NINDS-funded prospective Florida Puerto Rico Collaboration to Reduce Stroke Disparities Registry (GWTG/CReSD), GWTG hospitals not in the Registry (GWTG/non-CReSD), and non-GWTG hospitals not in the Registry (non-GWTG/non-CReSD). Methods: The population included Medicare beneficiaries age 65+ in FL and PR, hospitalized from 2010-2013 with ischemic stroke (ICD-9 433, 434, 436; N=105,205, mean age=80 years, 54% women). We used mixed logistic models adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics to assess race/ethnic differences in in-hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortality, stratifying by hospital type (GWTG/CReSD, GWTG/non-CReSD, non-GWTG/non-CReSD). Results: In the 62 GWTG/CReSD hospitals (N=44013, 84% non-Hispanic White (NHW), 9% NH-Black (NHB), 4% FL-Hispanic (FL...
Accountability In Adult Education: The Result Of Planning And Salesmanship.

Adult educators are offering increasing and valuable services to the clients they serve. Yet the general population neither respects nor understands the role played by adult education. We hold that...
Emotion dysregulation and non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Over the past several years there has been considerable interest in the relation between emotion dysregulation and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), particularly given that rates of NSSI have been increasing and NSSI is a critical risk factor for suicidal behavior. To date, however, no synthesis of empirical findings exists. Methods The present study presents a comprehensive meta-analytic review of the literature on the association between NSSI and emotion dysregulation. A total of 48 publications, including 49 independent samples, were included in this analysis. Results Overall, a significant association was found between emotion dysregulation and NSSI (pooled OR = 3.03 [95% CI = 2.56–3.59]). This association was reduced but remained significant (OR = 2.40 [95% CI = 2.01–2.86]) after adjustment for publication bias. Emotion dysregulation subscales most strongly associated with NSSI included limited access to regulation strategies, non-acceptance of emotional responses, impulse control difficulties, and difficulties engaging goal-directed behavior. Lack of emotional awareness/clarity and cognitive aspects of dysregulation yielded weaker, yet significant, positive associations with NSSI. Conclusions Findings support the notion that greater emotion dysregulation is associated with higher risk for NSSI among individuals across settings, regardless of age or sex. Furthermore, findings reveal facets of dysregulation that may have unique implications for NSSI. This meta-analysis highlights the importance of better understanding emotion dysregulation as a treatment target for preventing NSSI.
Helly-type results on support lines for disjoint families of unit disks

We prove that a disjoint family of six or more unit circular disks in the plane has a common support line provided every its subfamily of three disks has a common support line. This result is in contrast with the known fact that the existence of a transversal line to a finite family of unit disks is not guaranteed by the transverality of every its subfamily of three disks. A new method of proof, which combines continuity arguments and usage of geometric computer software, is elaborated.
Compact and Low-Power Neural Spike Compression Using Undercomplete Autoencoders

Implantable microsystems that collect and transmit neural data are becoming very useful entities in the field of neuroscience. Limited by high data rates, on-chip compression is often required to transmit the recorded data without causing power dissipation at levels that would damage sensitive brain tissue. This paper presents a data compression system designed for brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) based on undercomplete autoencoders. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed system is the first to achieve an average spike reconstruction quality of 14-dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) at a $32\times $ compression ratio (CR), 18-dB SNDR at a $16\times $ CR, 22-dB SNDR at an $8\times $ CR, and 35-dB SNDR at a $4\times $ CR of neural spikes. The spike detection and autoencoder-based compression modules are designed and implemented in a standard 45-nm CMOS process. The post-synthesis simulation results report that the compression module consumes between 1.4 and 222.5 $\mu \text{W}$ of power per channel and takes between 0.018 and 0.082mm2 of silicon area, depending on the desired CR and number of channels.
The Unwomanly Face of War: An Oral History of Women in World War II.

Originally published in 1985 – the same year Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Svetlana Alexievich’s The Unwomanly Face of War: An Oral History...
VESSEL PREPARATION AND STENT SELECTION ENHANCES STRUT APPOSITION IN NON-COMPLEX LESIONS AS ASSESSED BY OCT

DES implant in uncalcified CAD can occur with or without vessel prep. It remains unclear if vessel prep (vs. high-pressure direct stenting) and/or DES architecture impact stent expansion/strut apposition. We randomized 21 PCI pts with minimally calcified (ACC/AHA Type A/B1) lesions to 3 DES implant
Diagnosis of two neonates with galactosemia by using next generation sequencing

Objective To explore the genetic basis of two neonates suspected for galactosemia. Methods Next generation sequencing(NGS) was used to screen the whole exome of the neonates. Suspected mutation was validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Potential impact of novel mutation was predicted by using PolyPhen-2, MutationTaste and SIFT software. Results Both neonates harbored compound heterozygous mutations of the GALT gene inherited from their parents. One has inherited two novel mutations c. 564G>C(p.Q188H) and c. 116A>T(p.D39V) respectively from his father and mother. The other has inherited mutations c. 754C>T(p.Q252X) and c. 904+ 1G>T from her father and mother, respectively. Conclusion The galactosemia in the two neonates may be attributed to compound heterozygous mutations of the GALT gene. This is the first domestic report of using the NGS for the diagnosis of galactosemia. Key words: Galactosemia; GALT gene; Next generation sequencing
Evaluation of Changes in Quality Improvement Knowledge Following a Formal Educational Curriculum Within a Statewide Learning Collaborative.

Objective Our objectives were to (1) develop a curriculum based upon participants’ needs, (2) evaluate baseline QI knowledge of the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC) members, and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of the educational curriculum. Design The Surgeon Champion (SC), Surgical Clinical Reviewer (SCR), and QI Designee at each ISQIC hospital completed a QI curriculum containing online modules and in-person trainings. A surgical adaptation of QI-KAT, a validated QI knowledge assessment with multiple-choice and free-response sections, was administered pre- and postcurriculum. Three blinded educators scored each exam using a rubric-based scoring tool (54 total points). Setting The ISQIC is a 52-hospital learning collaborative. Generally, ISQIC participants had little prior formal training or experience with quality improvement. Results Among 52 hospitals, 144 pretests and 112 post-tests were collected. Mean scores increased from 66% (35.6 points) to 77% (41.6 points; p Conclusions QI knowledge significantly improved after completion of the ISQIC curriculum. These data support the value of formalized curricula to rapidly advance QI knowledge and application skills as a foundation for implementing QI initiatives.
Everyday Life in the Aztec World

In Everyday Life in the Aztec World, Frances Berdan and Michael E. Smith offer a view into the lives of real people, doing very human things, in the unique cultural world of Aztec central Mexico. The first section focuses on people from an array of social classes - the emperor, a priest, a feather worker, a merchant, a farmer, and a slave - who interacted in the economic, social and religious realms of the Aztec world. In the second section, the authors examine four important life events where the lives of these and others intersected: the birth and naming of a child, market day, a day at court, and a battle. Through the microscopic views of individual types of lives, and interweaving of those lives into the broader Aztec world, Berdan and Smith recreate everyday life in the final years of the Aztec Empire.
Neonatal body magnetic resonance imaging: preparation, performance and optimization

Performing and optimizing MRI of the chest, abdomen and pelvis in neonates and young infants can be challenging. This is a result of several factors, including patient size, desire to avoid or minimize sedation/general anesthesia, and the relative rarity of these examinations. However, with proper preparation and protocol optimization, high-quality diagnostic images can be acquired that can aid in diagnosis and patient management. In addition, numerous special considerations arise when performing body MRI in neonates compared to older pediatric patients. This review article provides an update on the performance and optimization of MRI of the body in neonates and infants. Furthermore, the authors present common indications for neonatal body MRI and discuss the use of intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agents in this vulnerable patient population.
MIND Diet, Common Brain Pathologies, and Cognition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background MIND diet, a hybrid of the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, is associated with a slower cognitive decline and lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia in older adults. Objective We aim to examine whether the association of the MIND diet with cognition is independent of common brain pathologies. Methods Utilizing data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), a longitudinal clinical-pathologic study, we studied 569 decedents with valid dietary data, cognitive testing proximate to death, and complete autopsy data at the time of these analyses. A series of regression analyses were used to examine associations of the MIND diet, dementia-related brain pathologies, and global cognition proximate to death adjusting for age, sex, education, APOEɛ4, late-life cognitive activities, and total energy intake. Results A higher MIND diet score was associated with better global cognitive functioning proximate to death (β= 0.119, SE = 0.040, p = 0.003), and neither the strength nor the significance of association changed substantially when AD pathology and other brain pathologies were included in the model. The β-estimate after controlling for global AD pathology was 0.111 (SE = 0.037, p = 0.003). The MIND diet-cognition relationship remained significant when we restricted our analysis to individuals without mild cognitive impairment at the baseline (β= 0.121, SE = 0.042, p = 0.005) or in people diagnosed with postmortem diagnosis of AD based on NIA-Reagan consensus recommendations (β= 0.114, SE = 0.050, p = 0.023). Conclusion MIND diet is associated with better cognitive functioning independently of common brain pathology, suggesting that the MIND diet may contribute to cognitive resilience in the elderly.
Educating he Women of the Nation: Priscilla Wakefield and the Construction of National Identity, 1798

This article examines the views of the Quaker educationist, Priscilla Wakefield, on the role of women in the construction of British national identity at the end of the eighteenth century. Priscilla Wakefield wrote children's texts in late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century England, was interested in the question of women and science and published on the education of women. This article analyses the way in which in Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex, with Suggestions for its Improvement (1798) , she based her arguments for a 'useful' education for women on her views of what constituted the virtues and values of British society. Wakefield was worried by what she perceived to be a growing degeneracy in Britain, which she feared was engendering similarities to society in pre-Revolution France. She saw it as the moral duty of rational mothers to inculcate their children, their servants and their fellow countrywomen into correct modes of being. The article traces the underlying influence of Quaker beliefs on Wakefield's writing and the similarities in her analysis to and differences from that ofher contemporary, Hannah More.
The development of working relationships

This chapter explores ways in which computer-mediated communication technology can reduce these difficulties. A set of communication and coordination hypotheses are examined using data collected from seven software development teams. Ad hoc groups are an important way for organizations to respond to rapid changes in the environment and to nonroutine situations. Collaborative work in organizations is frequently accomplished and managed in small work groups, either formal work groups or ad hoc groups. The data for this study were collected from seven software development teams at Carnegie Mellon University in the fall of 1986. The sole activity of the course was to design and build a working computer-based information system for a real client. Computer-mediated communication technology uses computer text-processing and communication tools to provide high-speed information exchange. The culture and imagination of people encountering the technology are just as important as the technology itself in determining how it is developed and used.
Migration and differentiation of neural crest and ventral neural tube cells in vitro: implications for in vitro and in vivo studies of the neural crest

During vertebrate development, neural crest cells migrate from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to pigment cells and most peripheral ganglia. To study these complex processes it is helpful to make use of in vitro techniques, but the transient and morphologically ill-defined nature of neural crest cells makes it difficult to isolate a pure population of undifferentiated cells. We have used several established techniques to obtain neural crest-containing cultures from quail embryos and have compared their subsequent differentiation. We confirm earlier reports of neural crest cell differentiation in vitro into pigment cells and catecholamine-containing neurons. However, our results strongly suggest that the 5-HT-containing cells that develop in outgrowths from thoracic neural tube explants are not neural crest cells. Instead, these cells arise from ventral neural tube precursors that normally give rise to a population of serotonergic neurons in the spinal cord and, in vitro, migrate from the neural tube. Therefore, results based on previously accepted operational definitions of neural crest cells may not be valid and should be reexamined. Furthermore, the demonstration that cells from the ventral (non-neural crest) part of the neural tube migrate in vitro suggests that the same phenomenon may occur in vivo. We propose that the embryonic “neural trough,” as well as the neural crest, may contribute to the PNS of vertebrates.