cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phenomenology of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking from Theory Space

Recently, a new class of realistic models for electroweak symmetry breaking have been constructed, without supersymmetry. These theories have naturally light Higgs bosons and perturbative new physics at the TeV scale. We describe these models in detail, and show that electroweak symmetry breaking can be triggered by a large top quark Yukawa coupling. A rich spectrum of particles is predicted, with a pair of light Higgs doublets accompanied by new light weak triplet and singlet scalars. The lightest of these new scalars is charged under a geometric discrete symmetry and is therefore stable, providing a new candidate for WIMP dark matter. At TeV energies, a plethora of new heavy scalars, gauge bosons and fermions are revealed, with distinctive quantum numbers and decay modes.
Amphetamine and fenfluramine suppress ethanol intake in ethanol-dependent rats.

Abstract Alcohol intake or preference for alcohol has been attributed to concomitant dopamine and serotonin dysfunction in rats. Amphetamine and fenfluramine, administered alone, have been shown to reduce food and fluid intake as well as alcohol consumption while acute coadministration of these agents has been shown to suppress audiogenic seizure in rats withdrawn from alcohol. The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of chronic amphetamine and fenfluramine coadministration on reducing alcohol intake. Chronic coadministration of amphetamine (2 mg/kg) and fenfluramine (8 mg/kg) reduced alcohol consumption during choice trials in both alcohol-dependent and alcohol-nondependent rats while not affecting water intake. These findings indicate that coadministration of amphetamine and fenfluramine, a treatment effective in reducing alcohol withdrawal seizures, also selectively attenuates alcohol consumption.
Glacial marine sediments in the precambrian Gowganda formation at Whitefish Falls, Ontario (Canada)

Abstract Study of a well-exposed section of the Gowganda Formation at Whitefish Falls, Ontario, suggests criteria for the recognition of glacial marine sediments. Thickness of hundreds of feet, lateral continuity, faint internal stratification, sorted lenses of sandstone and conglomerate, and dropstones characterize much of the tillite. Thickness of hundreds of feet, lateral continuity, and marked development of irregular and lenticular laminae instead of varve structure characterize much of the argillite. These characteristics, together with evidence for a nearshore, marine-to-deltaic environment for the overlying beds, suggest a glacial marine interpretation even though no fossil evidence is available. Massive tillite, tillite containing faint stratification and lenses of sorted conglomerate and sandstone, and dropstone-bearing argillite, all of which interfinger, suggest a glacial marine environment composed of: (1) a subglacial facies; (2) a periglacial facies; and (3) a facies of marine ice rafting, respectively. Separation of the two tillite-bearing members by as much as 700 ft. of argillite containing no dropstones suggests two distinct ice ages during Gowganda time.
Analytical characterization of microvascular resistance distribution

The bat wing is used as an experimental preparation and as a self-contained vascular bed. The number, dimensions, and distribution of the vessels of the real vascular bed are included into an analyzable, representative geometric configuration. Based on theoretical analysis and experimental data, equations are developed and utilized to characterize the pressure-flow relationships for each branching order of the vascular field. The geometric configuration and associated describing equations are used to determine the resistance distribution of the microvascular bed. The predicted values are compared with experimentally determined quantities in normal and hypertensive animals.
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTED SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA (LOISEL) MARSHES

Wetland creation and restoration are frequently used to replace ecological functions and values lost when natural wetlands are degraded or destroyed. On many sites, restoration of ecological attributes such as secondary production, habitat/species diversity, and wetland soil characteristics do not occur within the first decade, and no long-term studies exist to document the length of time required to achieve complete restoration of wetland dependent functions and values. Characteristics of community structure (macrophyte aboveground biomass, macro-organic matter [MOM], benthic invertebrates) and ecosystem processes (soil development, organic C, N, and P accumulation) of two constructed Spartina alterniflora (Loisel) marshes (established 1971 and 1974) and paired natural S. alterniflora marshes in North Carolina were periodically measured during the past 25 yr. On constructed marshes, the macrophyte community developed quickly, and within 5 to 10 yr, aboveground biomass and MOM were equivalent to or exceed...
Evaluation of nutritional status in advanced metastatic cancer.

Consecutive cancer referrals to a palliative medicine program were evaluated to assess nutritional status using a standard protocol. The study included 352 patients (180 men, 172 women; median age 61 years, range 22-94 years). The most common diagnosis was lung cancer. All had metastatic disease, 139 with gastrointestinal involvement. The most common gastrointestinal symptoms were weight loss ( n=307), anorexia ( n=285), and early satiety ( n=243). Of those with any weight loss, 71% had lost >or0% of their pre-illness weight. The most common factor identified which might have contributed to weight loss was hypophagia ( n=275/307). Men had lost weight more often and to a greater extent than women. Triceps skinfold (TSF) was measured in 337: 51% had values that suggested severe fat deficiency. Upper mid-arm muscle area (AMA) was measured in 349: 30% had evidence of significant muscle mass reduction. The body mass index (BMI) was normal or increased in most patients. Calculated resting energy expenditure (REE) ( n=324) was high in 41%. C-reactive protein was elevated in 74% of those measured ( n=50). We conclude that: (1).most of this group of cancer patients referred to palliative medicine had severe weight loss; (2).there was a gender difference in the severity and type of weight loss; (3).males lost more weight overall and more muscle than females; (4).males with any degree of weight loss had a higher REE than females; (5).a significant correlation existed between the time from diagnosis to death and the severity of weight loss in the prior month; (6).BMI was normal in most patients, suggesting precancer diagnosis obesity; and (7).both TSF and AMA correlated well with body composition of both fat and protein as determined by bioelectrical impedance.
ITAM signaling by Vav family Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors regulates interstitial transit rates of neutrophils in vivo

Background In response to infection, neutrophils are quickly recruited from the blood into inflamed tissues. The interstitial migration of neutrophils is crucial for the efficient capture and control of rapidly proliferating microbes before microbial growth can overwhelm the host's defenses. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate interstitial migration are incompletely understood. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we use two-photon microscopy (2PM) to study discrete steps of neutrophil responses during subcutaneous infection with bacteria. Our study demonstrates that signals emanating from ITAM-containing receptors mediated by Vav family Rho GEFs control the velocity, but not the directionality, of neutrophil migration towards sites of bacterial infection. Conclusions/Significance Here we show that during neutrophil migration towards sites of bacterial infection, signals emanating from ITAM-containing receptors specifically control interstitial neutrophil velocity.
EROSION OF GRAPHITE SURFACE EXPOSED TO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERSONIC HYDROGEN GAS.

T NERYA flight engine as well as the current nuclear rocket engine under development has a nozzle extension made of a graphite composite material. Recently, an experimental study was therefore conducted to obtain erosion rates of a graphite composite (AGCarb-101) when exposed to high-temperature supersonic stream of hydrogen gas. We have developed a theoretical model based on laminar boundary-layer flow equations to predict these erosion rates. A satisfactory agreement is obtained between the results of computation, and the available experimental data.
Optimal design of macrocells for low power and high speed

The problem of designing individual macrocells for a library for low power and high speed is addressed here, and a new technique for optimization using posynomial approximating functions is devised. In the design of each macrocell, optimality in design is critical and highly accurate techniques for measuring the performance are required during optimization. This paper presents methods for accurately estimating the worst-case contribution of the power and delay of a cell to a circuit. The program uses circuit-level simulation to calculate the power dissipation and delay of the cell with the highest accuracy. A rationale for using arbitrary degree posynomial modeling functions for area, delay, and power modeling is presented. The problem is then formulated as a convex programming problem, and a rigorous optimization technique is used to arrive at the optimal macrocell.
Lipoxin A4 and B4 are potent stimuli for human monocyte migration and adhesion: Selective inactivation by dehydrogenation and reduction

Monocyte recruitment and adherence are important events in inflammatory and vascular diseases. Here, we evaluated the actions of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and LXB4, a series of lipoxygenase products from arachidonic acid generated by cell-cell interactions, on human monocytes. LXA4 and LXB4 (10(-7) M) each increased monocyte migration in chamber chemotaxis assays and, in migration under agarose, exhibited chemotactic indices similar to those of the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine at 10(-10)-10(-8) M and to the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) at 10(-8)-10(-7) M with a rank order of potency: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 alpha > LXA4 approximately LXB4 approximately MIP-1 alpha. Lipoxins also stimulated monocyte adherence to laminin. In addition, human monocytes rapidly transformed LXA4 and LXB4 to several metabolites. LXB4 (> 80%) was converted within 30 s to new products, in a trend similar to that of LXA4. The novel monocyte-derived LXB4 products were identified as 5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-LXB4 and 6,7-dihydro-LXB4, indicating a role for site-selective dehydrogenation and reduction. Unlike monocytes, intact polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) did not metabolize LXA4 in significant quantities, and only approximately 12% of exogenous LXB4 was omega-oxidized to 20-OH-LXB4 and 20-COOH-LXB4 by PMN. To determine if lipoxin conversion altered bioactivity, we evaluated the actions of these metabolites on monocytes. Each of the novel products of LXA4 and LXB4 from monocytes, namely oxo- and dihydrolipoxins, were essentially inactive in stimulating monocyte adherence. In contrast, the omega-oxidation products of LXB4 isolated from PMN were equipotent with LXB4 for monocyte adherence. Dehydrogenation of LXA4 in monocytes appears to be carried out by a 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, which is present in human monocytes as determined by reverse transcription PCR and Western blots. Together, these results provide the first evidence that LXA4 and LXB4 are both potent stimulants for migration and adherence of human monocytes. Moreover, they underscore the importance of the major route of lipoxin metabolism in leukocytes, namely, the rapid dehydrogenation and inactivation carried out by monocytes.
Abstract SY18-01: Alterations in metabolic pathways to support cancer cell proliferation

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Unlike the majority of differentiated cells, many cancer cells metabolize glucose by aerobic glycolysis even in the presence of sufficient oxygen to support mitochondrial respiration. This phenomenon, also known as the Warburg effect, is characterized by increased glycolysis with lactate production and decreased oxidative phosphorylation. We have argued that aerobic glycolysis may be selected for by cancer cells to meet the distinct metabolic needs of proliferation. Unlike metabolism in differentiated cells, which is geared toward efficient ATP generation, the aerobic glycolysis observed in cancer cells appears to be adapted to facilitate the accumulation of biomass. Our understanding of how cancer cells meet their metabolic needs is based primarily on studies of cultured cells, and nutrient conditions in vitro differ significantly from those seen by tumor cells in vivo. Our long-term objective is to develop a comprehensive understanding on how cell metabolism is altered to accommodate anabolic synthesis and support the growth of tumors in vivo. The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PK-M2) promotes the metabolism of glucose by aerobic glycolysis, contributes to anabolic metabolism, and appears necessary for optimal tumor growth in vivo. Paradoxically, these consequences of PK-M2 isoform selection are associated with decreased pyruvate kinase enzyme activity. Experiments to test the hypothesis that decreased pyruvate kinase activity promotes anabolic metabolism and cell proliferation in vivo will be presented. This includes data generated using genetically engineered mouse cancer models and small molecule activators of PK-M2. Additionally, efforts to understand pyruvate kinase-mediated regulation of glycolysis in cancer cells will be discussed. Decreased pyruvate kinase activity in cancer cells is accompanied by an alternate regulation of glycolysis. This creates a branch point in glycolysis to divert 3-phosphoglycerate into the serine biosynthesis pathway, and this reorganization of metabolic flux appears to be is important for proliferation. In fact, in some cancers a substantial portion of the total glucose flux is directed to serine synthesis and additional genetic evidence will be presented to suggest that glucose flux into this pathway can promote cell transformation. Finally, the role of the tumor environment, and how this contributes to the reorganization of metabolic pathways to support anabolic metabolism will be discussed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY18-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY18-01
Foraging ecology and niche overlap in pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (Kogia sima) sperm whales from waters of the U.S. mid‐Atlantic coast

A complementary approach of stomach content and stable isotope analyses was used to characterize the foraging ecology and evaluate niche overlap between pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (K. sima) sperm whales stranded on the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast between 1998 and 2011. Food habits analysis demonstrated both species were primarily teuthophagous, with 35 species of cephalopods, and 2 species of mesopelagic fishes represented in their overall diets. Pianka's Index of niche overlap suggested high overlap between whale diets (On = 0.92), with squids from the families Histioteuthidae, Cranchidae, and Ommastrephidae serving as primary prey. Pygmy sperm whales consumed slightly larger prey sizes (mean mantle length [ML] = 10.8 cm) than dwarf sperm whales (mean ML = 7.8 cm). Mean prey sizes consumed by pygmy sperm whales increased with growth, but showed no trend in dwarf sperm whales. Significant differences were not detected in δ15N and δ13C values of muscle tissues from pygmy (10.8‰ ± 0.5‰, −17.1‰ ± 0.6‰), and dwarf sperm whales (10.7‰ ± 0.5‰, −17.0‰ ± 0.4‰), respectively. Isotopic niche widths also did not differ significantly and dietary overlap was high between the two species. Results suggest the feeding ecologies of the pygmy and dwarf sperm whales are similar and both species occupy equivalent trophic niches in the region.
Image informatics at a national research center

Image informatics at the Communications Engineering Branch of the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC), an R&D division of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), includes document and biomedical images. In both domains, research into computer-assisted methods for information extraction, and the implementation of prototype systems incorporating such methods, is central to our mission. Current document image research focuses on extracting bibliographic data from scanned journal articles. Current biomedical imaging work focuses on content-based image retrieval (CBIR) and related problems in segmentation, indexing, and classifying collections of images of the spine and of the uterine cervix.
Anionic polymerization of a series of five-membered cyclocarbosiloxanes

A study was conducted of the anionic polymerization of a series of methyl- and/or phenyl-substituted five-membered cyclocarbosiloxanes. The polymerization was initiated by lithium n-butyldiphenylsilanolate in the presence of tetrahydrofuran. The rate of conversion of monomer to polymer was measured in an NMR spectrometer. The rate of polymerization was largely dependent upon the structure of the growing chain ends. The apparent activation energies were in the range 10–14 kcal/mole for the series.
Perceptions of IMC after a Decade of Development: Who's at the Wheel, and How Can We Measure Success?

ABSTRACT The literature on integrated marketing communication (IMC) in the decade since its introduction offers evidence that debates over the definition, acceptance, leadership, and measurement of IMC remain unresolved. A survey was conducted to investigate leadership preferences and perceptions of appropriate methods of measurement and agency compensation in planning and implementing IMC. The survey was conducted by internet among samples of six professional groups with ties to marketing communication: advertising agency executives, public relations agency executives, marketing academics, and public relations academics. The survey revealed some clustering of leadership preferences but little movement toward marketing communication measurement and agency compensation methods consistent with corporate marketing executives, corporate public relations executives, advertising and models of IMC as a developing paradigm.
First Report of Parascaris equorum in a White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, from Mansfield, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Abstract A gravid adult female nematode recovered from the rumen of a white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, was identified as Parascaris equorum, a common and cosmopolitan ascaridoid nematode parasite of horses and other equids. The cervine host was a 2-yr-old female that was presented to the Large Animal Soft Tissue Surgery service of the Cornell University Hospital for Animals (Ithaca, New York), with a 3-mo history of right-sided, unilateral, mucopurulent nasal discharge and weight loss. The doe was placed under general anesthesia, and radiographs of the head and thorax were taken. Rhinoscopy of both nasal passages was performed, during which time the rumen became distended, necessitating deflation. An orogastric tube was placed in the rumen and gas was successfully removed. Upon withdrawal of the tube, a 22.9-cm pinkish white ascarid worm was recovered from its lumen. Closer examination of the specimen revealed 3 large prominent ascarid-type lips consistent with P. equorum. The location of the vu...
IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO IV. SUPPRESSION OF PRIMARY γM, γG, AND γA PLAQUE-FORMING CELL RESPONSES IN MOUSE SPLEEN CELL CULTURES BY CLASS-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY TO MOUSE IMMUNOGLOBULINS

The suppressive effects of monospecific goat anti-mouse globulins on primary immunoglobulin class-specific plaque-forming cell responses in mouse spleen cell cultures were investigated. Anti-µ suppressed responses in all immunoglobulin classes, whereas anti-γ1 and anti-γ2 suppressed the γ1 and γ2 responses but not γM or γA responses, and anti-γA suppressed only γA responses. The mechanism of action of the anti-µ was studied in detail because of its suppression of responses in all immunoglobulin classes. The anti-µ was specific for µ-chain determinants; its activity was dose dependent, but was not mediated by killing cells with surface µ-chain determinants. Free γM but not γG myeloma proteins in solution effectively competed with µ-bearing cells for the anti-µ. An excess of anti-µ was necessary in the cultures for 48 hr to insure complete suppression of 5-day responses. However, after removal of excess anti-µ at 48 hr, responses could be stimulated by newly added antigen in cultures where incubation was prolonged to 7 days. Anti-µ was most effective when added at the initiation of cultures and had no suppressive effect when added at 48 hr. Excess antigen did not effectively compete with anti-µ for antigen receptors. Precursors of antibody-forming cells were shown to be the cell population where the suppressive activity of anti-µ was mediated. The experiments suggest that anti-µ combines with µ-chain determinants in antigen-specific receptors on the surfaces of antibody-forming cell precursors, prevents effective stimulation by antigen and subsequent antibody production. To explain suppression of responses in all Ig classes by anti-µ, several models were proposed. It is not possible to determine from the data whether stimulation of precursor cells with γG or γA receptors requires concommitant stimulation of separate cells with only γM receptors, or whether cells bearing γM receptors are precommitted to or differentiate into cells capable of synthesis of other Ig classes, or whether receptors of γM and another Ig class are present on some virgin precursors or the second Ig receptor appears after antigenic stimulation.
Alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larval sampling: comparison of shake-bucket and sweep-net methods and effect of training.

Abstract Two field-sampling methods, shake-bucket and sweep-net, were compared for use in monitoring alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), larvae in alfalfa hay of the high plains and intermountain region of North America. In this region, alfalfa grows to sufficient height to use both methods before the more damaging late instars peak in abundance. Both methods also were compared with extracting larvae by using Berlese funnels in the laboratory. The shake-bucket method was more sensitive in detecting small larvae (first and second instars) than large larvae (third and fourth instars), and the sweep-net method detected a lower proportion of small larvae. The number of larvae collected with the shake-bucket method was strongly correlated with number of larvae recovered from Berlese funnels (total larval counts, R2 = 0.85). Correlation of the sweep-net samples with the Berlese extraction was also significant but less strong (R2 = 0.56). In addition, sampler instruction was evaluated to determine whethe...
Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Polyneuropathy in a Patient with Sweet’s Syndrome

Sweet's syndrome is an inflammatory systemic disease which has been associated with various underlying causes. The disease can involve multiple areas of the body including the skin and neurological system. There have been only two cases which have described otological involvement. This report presents a patient who developed loss of hearing secondary to Sweet's syndrome after developing cutaneous involvement along with peripheral neuropathy. Despite the patient's skin and neuropathy noticing improvement with intravenous immunoglobulin and azathioprine, he required bilateral cochlear implants for partial recovery of his hearing loss. This case highlights the need to recognize Sweet's syndrome as a complicated disease process where the role of otolaryngologists is important in the multidisciplinary coordination of care in both diagnosis and treatment.
AIDA: Identifying Code Switching in Informal Arabic Text

In this paper, we present the latest version of our system for identifying linguistic code switching in Arabic text. The system relies on Language Models and a tool for morphological analysis and disambiguation for Arabic to identify the class of each word in a given sentence. We evaluate the performance of our system on the test datasets of the shared task at the EMNLP workshop on Computational Approaches to Code Switching (Solorio et al., 2014). The system yields an average token-level F =1 score of 93.6%, 77.7% and 80.1%, on the first, second, and surprise-genre test-sets, respectively, and a tweet-level F =1 score of 4.4%, 36% and 27.7%, on the same test-sets.
Estimation and adaptive nonlinear model predictive control of selective catalytic reduction systems in automotive applications

Abstract The demands of high NO x conversion efficiency and low tailpipe ammonia slip for urea-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems have been substantially increased in the past decade, as NO x emission legislations for Diesel engines are becoming more stringent than ever before. Since catalyst aging has a significant impact on SCR performance, robust and adaptive SCR control has been preferred for degraded SCR systems to realize emission control objectives. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, a robust ammonia coverage ratio observer was designed for estimating the ammonia coverage ratio reference for catalysts with different aging levels. An ammonia storage capacity observer was developed for estimating the actual ammonia storage capacity which can be reduced due to catalyst aging. An adaptive ammonia coverage ratio reference design was then developed to estimate the desired ammonia coverage ratio ranges at each instantaneous engine operating point for both single-cell and two-cell SCR systems at different aging levels based on a singular perturbation method. Secondly, to ensure the estimated ammonia coverage ratio falls in the desired ranges for most of engine operating conditions, robust nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) algorithms were designed for both single-cell and two-cell SCR systems. Experimental data over US06 cycle were collected from a Diesel engine and aftertreatment system platform for controller verification. Simulation results under US06 test cycle demonstrate that the proposed NMPC algorithms were capable of consistently achieving high NO x conversion efficiency (>95.6%) and constrained tailpipe ammonia slip (
Shock-shock interactions for a double wedge configuration in different gases

A kinetic, particle method has been used to model laminar shock-shock interactions of hypersonic flow over a 30/55-deg double-wedge configuration studied in the Hypervelocity Expansion Tube (HET) facility. The current study focuses on the investigation of Mach 7 nitrogen, air and argon flows for a stagnation enthalpy of 8.0 MJ/kg, conditions where thermochemical nonequilibrium is present. The simulations are found to reproduce many of the classic features related to Edney Type V strong shock interactions that include the attached, oblique shock formed over the first wedge, the detached bow shock from the second wedge, the strong separation zone, and the separation and reattachment shocks that cause complex features such as the triple point. As reported earlier,1 it was found that a full threedimensional model was required to simulate the heat flux and transient behavior of the nitrogen flow. In contrast, preliminary 2-D results of a reacting air flow case seem to indicate that the size of the separation length and the time required to reach steady state is much less than was found for the 2-D nitrogen flow model and comparison with measured heat fluxes and time-dependent shock profiles for air are in reasonable agreement. Lastly, to understand the effects of the internal modes on the shock structure, argon flow is also studied.
The Effect of Dynamic (Fisheye) Feature in a Speedometer on Driver's Speed Reading Performance

Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of different speedometer features, especially dynamic speedometer using fisheye view for speed readout on driver's current speed-reading performance and preference. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, shape of speedometer (full-circle and half-circle), resolution of speed readout (5s and 10s mph), and font size layout (fixed, stepped, and gradually increasing) were manipulated using static prototypes. Twenty participants’ response time and answer duration for reading current speed were collected as performance measures, along with subjective preferences. Based on findings in the first experiment, Java-based speedometer prototypes were developed and integrated with a driving simulator for the second experiment. Eight different speedometer features consisted of shapes of speedometer (half-circle and full-circle), resolutions of speed readout (10s and 20s mph), and dynamics of font size layout (static [fixed] and dynamic font size changes [fisheye view]) were manipulated in the interactive speedometer prototypes. Sixteen participants’ response time, answer duration, eye dwell time on speedometer, and subjective preferences were collected for the measurement. The results demonstrated similar utility of both speedometer shapes (full and half circle), optimal level of speed readout resolution, and potential utility of dynamic speedometer feature. The results of the study may provide a basis for future speedometer design in a flexible/configurable instrument cluster to improve driving performance and safety.
Abstract PL06-02: Viral-related malignancies affecting ethnic minorities and immigrant subpopulations in the United States

Viral-related malignancies occur disparately in ethnic minority populations in the United States. Recent demographics of HIV subjects enrolled in U.S. clinical trials reveal that AIDS-related malignancies mostly affect minorities in this country. Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) is the etiologic cause of Kaposi9s sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman9s disease (MCD), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is often associated with aggressive AIDS-related lymphomas (ARLs), including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with immunoblastic features, Burkitt lymphoma, primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), and plasmablastic lymphoma. Human papilloma virus (HPV) causes cervical and anal cancers, which occur more frequently in HIV patients. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a deadly disease which is rarely seen in the United States but commonly occurs in African descendant immigrants to the Eastern United States and South Florida from the Caribbean (particularly Haiti and Jamaica) where the virus in endemic. At the University of Miami we see and treat more patients with these illnesses combined than any other institution in the nation. About 10% of our ATLL patients are co-infected with HIV. We have been key participants in AIDS malignancy Consortium (AMC) lymphoma clinical trials, and under our viral oncology program we devote a number of translational and molecular studies towards the understanding the pathophysiology of these illnesses. In this section, the clinical spectrum, trends, biology, and treatment of AIDS-related malignancies and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in the United States will be reviewed. Investigational therapies, disease models, and recent molecular findings from the analyses of these tumors using state of the art technologies will also be discussed. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):PL06-02.
Keynote speaker: Visualization for deep learning training

The enormous successes of deep learning in many domains such as video, audio, speech, text, sequence, etc. has swept the aca-demia and industry alike, to the extent that many are touting deep learning training as an alternative form of programming future applications. Amid this excitement lies a more sombre question: if training for deep learning models is compared to software coding, what is the integrated development environment (IDE) for deep learning training? Specifically, what are the debugging and analysis tools required for manually refining and evolving a deep learning model towards its final form? In this presentation, I will survey related work in this area and outline the visualization requirements of a deep learning IDE that we are currently working on.
A Study on Reservoir Dispatching Automation System Based on Smart Hydropower Plant

Based on the system architecture and data flow of smart hydropower plant,the data exchange communication standards of intelligent equipment of reservoir dispatching automation system(RDAS) is studied in the paper.And the system information integration is analyzed.Also,the key technologies of intelligent RDAS are pointed out.The applications of RDAS on smart hydropower plant are described from RDAS data source,data integration and system platform.
Synthetic osmotic dilators with adjunctive misoprostol for same-day dilation and evacuation: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective This study aims to evaluate buccal misoprostol as an adjunct to synthetic osmotic dilators for same-day dilation and evacuation (D&E). Study design A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of women 16 0/7 to 20 6/7 weeks gestation desiring D&E was used. Participants received synthetic osmotic cervical dilators (Dilapan-S®) at least 4 h prior to D&E and were randomized to 400mcg buccal misoprostol or placebo 3 h preoperatively, stratified by gestational age. The primary outcome was operative time with 36 participants needed to detect a 4-min difference (two-sided α=0.05, 80% power). Secondary outcomes included total procedure time, patient and provider acceptability, baseline cervical dilation and complications. Results Twenty-nine women were enrolled (misoprostol n =14, placebo n =15) and mean operative time was similar between the groups (11.1 vs. 13.5 min, respectively, p=.17). Complications were nonsignificantly more common for participants ≥19 weeks compared to Conclusions Adjunctive buccal misoprostol may not decrease operative times but may decrease complications when combined with synthetic osmotic dilators for cervical preparation for same-day D&E procedures. Implications Although the trial was halted early and underpowered to make conclusions about the primary outcome, complication frequency and type warrant caution for use of synthetic osmotic dilators alone for cervical preparation for same-day D&E at ≥19 weeks gestation.
Net protein ratio data: AACC-ASTM collaborative study.

Seven- and 14-day net protein ratio (NPR) data were obtained from 7 laboratories for 6 protein sources: ANRC casein, lean beef, lactalbumin, textured vegetable protein, and peanut flour were fed as 10% protein (N X 6.25) in the test diet. Wheat flour, casein, and textured vegetable protein were fed as 6% protein (N X 6.25) in the test diet. Weighed dry ingredients for each diet were sent to each collaborator , who mixed the dry ingredients, then added specified amounts of corn oil and water and mixed each complete diet thoroughly. Rats were adapted for 0, 2, or 4 days, and then were fed the test diets for 28 days for protein efficiency ratio (PER) diets. The animal weight gain and feed consumption data obtained after 7 or 14 days of feeding were used to calculate NPR values. Analyses of data were done before [net protein ratio (NPR)] and after (R-NPR [relative-NPR]) adjustment of the data from each laboratory by its results for the reference protein casein. From the analysis of variance for NPR, significant (P less than 0.05) interactions were observed among laboratories, protein sources, and adaptation times of the animals (0, 2, or 4 days). Inter- and intralaboratory variability were decreased by use of 14-day values compared with 7-day values. Adjustment of the NPR data to R-NPR did not lower the intralaboratory variability but did lower the interlaboratory variability of the data. Increasing adaptation time did not consistently decrease interlaboratory or intralaboratory variability or decrease coefficients of variation (CV) of R-NPR values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Use of Quinolones in Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynecology

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the current use of fluoroquinolones in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology. Various characteristics of the quinolones make them attractive in the practice of surgery, obstetrics, and gynecology. These include broad aerobic, facultative, and obligate anaerobic bacterial spectrum of activity, unique mechanism of action, bactericidal capability, acceptable safety profile, intravenous and oral-dose availability, and excellent tissue penetration. In surgery, quinolones are commonly used to treat soft-tissue and intra-abdominal infections. Quinolones have also been used for surgical wound prophylaxis. Obstetric uses are limited to treatment of postpartum endometritis and wound infection. The present quinolones are primarily used for their activity against the aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. In the cases where the obligate anaerobic antibacterial activity is indicated, the quinolones currently available must be used in combination with clindamycin or metronidazole. New quinolones offer the promise of antibacterial activity against both the aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria, as well as against the obligate anaerobic bacteria. The fluoroquinolones are also suitable for use as a prophylactic agent in women undergoing hysterectomy, treatment of cervical infection by N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis , pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), postoperative pelvic cellulitis, postpartum endometritis, and wound infection.
Effects of Interlayer Systems on Reflective Cracking in Unbonded Overlays of Existing Concrete Pavements

Reflective cracking can be a concern in unbonded concrete overlays of existing distressed concrete pavements. In these structures, an interlayer, commonly hot-mix asphalt (HMA) or a nonwoven geotextile fabric, is placed to isolate the overlay concrete from the existing concrete pavement. The interlayer minimizes interaction between the overlay and the existing concrete pavement, which helps prevent distress in the existing pavement from propagating into the overlay. In this study, a laboratory investigation was used to examine the influence of HMA and geotextile fabric interlayer systems on the potential for development of reflective cracking. A laboratory test was conducted by using stacked beam specimens separated by an interlayer to evaluate the potential for a discrete crack in the lower beam reflecting up through the interlayer and into the overlay beam. The study revealed that reflective cracking was more likely when there was loss of support beneath the existing pavement. Reflective cracking did no...
Characterization of a single port aluminum nitride tuning fork

In this study the characterization of an aluminum nitride (AlN) double ended tuning fork (DETF) fabricated on a layer of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) is presented. The positive temperature coefficients of SiO 2 are used to achieve zero TCF for radio frequency (RF) Lamb wave resonators. This paper shows the possibility to integrate temperature compensated Lamb wave resonators with DETF-based devices on a single chip. The DETF resonates in a quasi-in-plane mode shape with a Q-factor of 578 in air and 3028 in vacuum. Through a laser Doppler velocity (LDV) measurement we also show that, due to the biomorph nature of the structure and the angle of the side walls, the motion of each tine of the DETF is a combination of in-plane bending, out-of-plane bending and torsional motion around the beam main axis.
Damage Control Thoracic Surgery

Damage control as a management strategy for the most severely injured and metabolically depleted patients was first utilized for penetrating abdominal trauma. The principles are early hemorrhage control, limiting enteric contamination, resuscitation in the intensive care unit and, a delayed, definitive re-operation when normal physiology is restored. Since its initial use over two decades ago, the principles of damage control have been successfully utilized in the management of vascular and orthopedic injuries, and more recently in volume resuscitation. There has been a slower adoption of damage control approach to thoracic trauma, primarily due to concerns of cardiac tamponade and impaired pulmonary physiology, both the result of packing the pleural space. This review article describes philosophy, techniques and outcomes of damage control thoracic surgery.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): focus on community-associated MRSA

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are defined as occurring in patients who have no association with the healthcare setting. CA-MRSA has emerged as a common cause of community infections in the US and are distinct from MRSA strains classically associated with healthcare-associated infections from genotypic and phenotypic perspectives. They are frequently susceptible to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials, express the SCCmec type IV or V gene and contain the Panton-Valentine leukocidin virulence factor. They most commonly cause mild skin infections, but have been associated with severe soft tissue infection and with necrotising pneumonia.
Diverse examples from managing invasive vertebrate species on inhabited islands of the United States

A wide array of sizes, ecosystems, cultures, and invasive wildlife are represented among inhabited islands. Here, six cases from the United States of America (US) are selected to illustrate the hig...
An ensemble-based approach for classification of high-resolution satellite imagery of the Amazon Basin

Land cover mapping of the Amazon Basin provides valuable insight for assessment of regional land use and the extent of human encroachment, which can help environmentalists detect and respond to deforestation. Current methods rely on coarse-resolution imagery, which limits effectiveness at identifying small-scale deforestation. This paper proposes an ensemble-based method utilizing weighted voting of heterogeneous classifiers for accurate and scalable labeling of high-resolution satellite imagery of the Amazon rainforest. The ensemble learner relies on the predictions of multiple classification models trained in parallel on a publicly available dataset of satellite images with crowdsourced labels, which are aggregated and incorporated into the ensemble as meta-features. Performance of the ensemble is evaluated on a hold-out validation set and is found to show a marked improvement over the performance of any individual classifier.
Possible brooding of pterosaur parents.

In his Perspective “How pterosaurs bred” (1 December 2017, p. [1124][1]), D. C. Deeming discussed the remarkable fossils of eggs and developing embryos of the pterosaur reptile Hamipterus tianshanensis , discovered by X. Wang et al. (“Egg accumulation with 3D embryos provides insight into the
Modeling electroelastic nonlinearities in ultrasound acoustic energy transfer systems

Ultrasound acoustic energy transfer systems are receiving growing attention in the area of contactless energy transfer for its advantages over other approaches, such as inductive coupling method. To date, most research on this approach has been on modeling and proof-of-concept experiments in the linear regime where nonlinear effects associated with high excitation levels are not significant. We present an acoustic-electroelastic model of a piezoelectric receiver in water by considering its nonlinear constitutive relations. The theory is based on ideal spherical sound wave propagation in conjunction with the electroelastic distributed-parameter governing equations for the receiver’s vibration and the electrical circuit.
Topology and entanglement in quench dynamics

We classify the topology of the quench dynamics by homotopy groups. A relation between the topological invariant of a postquench order parameter and the topological invariant of a static Hamiltonian is shown in $d+1$ dimensions ($d=1,2,3$). The midgap states in the entanglement spectrum of the postquench states reveal their topological nature. When a trivial quantum state is under a sudden quench to a Chern insulator, the midgap states in the entanglement spectrum form rings. These rings are analogous to the boundary Fermi rings in the Hopf insulators. Finally, we show a postquench order parameter in 3+1 dimensions can be characterized by the second Chern number. The number of Dirac cones in the entanglement spectrum is equal to the second Chern number.
Active Calendars and the Need for the E-Social Contract

For autonomous agents to achieve their full potential they require access to detailed private information about individuals they are designed to assist. The time is rapidly approaching when we can build systems to gather this information and monitor all aspects of an individual’s life. In this chapter we describe Tempus Fugit (Time Flies), an attempt to create just such a system. The reality of this technology has enormous social implications and, misused, it creates direct threats to liberty. We further describe an “e-Social Contract”, a design philosophy developed to safeguard against these threats. It is the foundation of the design philosophy behind Tempus Fugit and should be considered in the development of any agent technology.
Bronchogenic carcinoma associated with upper aerodigestive cancers

Of 1,450 patients with upper airway cancers, 189 (13%) had additional cancers. There were 60 cases in which lung cancer occurred after upper airway cancer and a single case in which it preceded upper airway cancer. The occurrence of upper airway plus lung cancer in 61 patients was referred to as multiple airway cancers. The overall incidence of multiple airway cancers was 4.1%, or 1:112 patient-years at risk. The highest incidence of lung cancer was 1:70 patient-years, and this was associated with laryngeal cancer. The mean diagnostic interval between upper airway and lung cancers was 6.1 (0 to 23) years, including nine cases (14.8%) in which the two were synchronous. Triple endoscopy revealed occult lung cancer only once. The use of mediastinoscopy (n = 9) and other surgical staging procedures (n = 9) was limited, because previous treatment of upper airway cancers made such procedures impractical and also because interpretation of findings would have been difficult Past reports have indicated that lung cancer in association with upper airway cancer is almost invariably squamous cell and almost always develops in men. By contrast, among our 61 patients, the incidence of adenocarcinomas was 24%, and 16 patients or 26% were women. Among patients whose records could be evaluated in this regard, symptoms were present in 27 of 55 (49%); the cancers were in Stage III at presentation in 51%. Outcome was related to symptomatology and to lung cancer stage. The median survivals for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were 6 and 25 months, respectively (p
Preference and neglect amongst countries in the Eurovision Song Contest

The Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) has been a growing source of entertainment for millions of viewers. Countries are represented by a single song during a live performance and in an award ceremony scores are exchanged according to their preference. It has been speculated that socio-economic ties influence the awards. The work presented here aims at investigating a different explanation for the voting patterns which deviate significantly from a uniform distribution. A perspective which is not covered is whether an audience member sees bias as a route towards increasing a country’s score rank. Given that much of the biased voting is apparent to the audience, the question whether these biased connections present themselves as a path to increasing score rank is explored. The results show that countries which attracted more biased preferential edges (preference in degree) and produced bias towards other countries (preference out degree) had a significant rank correlation with their total accumulated score. This adds to the theory explaining the biased voting patterns, in that they assist towards the simple goal of an audience member seeking to win by utilizing exchange partnerships with those countries where socio-economic ties already exist.