cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-dose angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition restores body fluid homeostasis in heart-transplant recipients

Abstract Objectives We tested the hypothesis that salt and fluid retention in heart-transplant recipients (HTRs) is caused by a failure to reflexively suppress the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Background It is known that extracellular fluid volume is expanded (12% to 15%) in HTRs who develop hypertension. Methods Responses to volume expansion were measured in eight HTRs (ages 57 ± 6 years) and six liver-transplant recipients (LTRs) (ages 52 ± 2 years) both before and after treatment with captopril (225 mg/day). After three days of a standardized diet, 0.154 mol/l saline was infused at 8 ml/kg/h for 4 h. Blood pressure, hormones, and renal function were monitored for 48 h. After four months, the same subjects received captopril (225 mg/day), and the protocol was repeated. Results Before captopril, saline infusion suppressed the RAAS in LTRs but not in HTRs, resulting in elimination of 86 ± 12% versus 50 ± 11% of the sodium load by 48-h postinfusion. Blood pressure increased only in the HTRs (+16 ± 5/9 ± 3 mm Hg) and remained elevated for 48 h (p ≤ 0.05). After captopril, sodium elimination was comparable in the liver (87 ± 13%) and heart groups (86 ± 12%) and blood pressure did not change in either group. Conclusions Heart transplant recipients have blunted diuretic and natriuretic responses to volume expansion that is mediated by their inability to suppress the RAAS. Pharmacologic suppression of the RAAS normalized defects in blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. These findings indicate that hypertension in HTRs is caused, in part, by a failure to reflexively suppress the RAAS when these patients become hypervolemic.
Analytic properties of the amplitude for the scattering of a particle by a central potential

A new proof is given that the scattering amplitude, considered as a function of energy, for fixed momentum transfer, has those analytic properties in the energy variable which imply a dispersion relation. The proof is based on the known behavior of the Green's function, as the resolvent of a self-adjoint transformation, and on the study of the Born series. The class of potentials considered is the same as in previous stadies. It is shown that for potentials of arbitrary strength the Born series converges uniformly to its first term for sufficiently high energies, real or complex. The analytic properties of the scattering amplitude as a functlon of momentum transfer for fixed real energy are- also investigated and used to establish the domain of convergence of partial wave and related expansions. In particular the use of such expansions to define the amplitude in the unphysical region which occurs in the dispersion relation is fully justified for the same domain of momentam transfer for which the relation itself is valid, i.e.: DELTA < 2 alpha , where DELTA is the momentum transfer and alpha /sup -1/ the range of the potential. All proofs apply equally to the Sehroedinger and to the Klein-Gordonmore » equations. ( auth)« less
An unusual anatomic variation of a unicornuate uterus with normal external uterine morphology

Objective To describe a case of a unicornuate uterus with a normal external uterine morphology. Design Case report. Setting University-based fertility center. Patient(s) A 30-year-old nulligravid woman with a 1-year history of infertility found to have a right proximal tubal occlusion on hysterosalpingogram. Intervention(s) Laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging. Main outcome measure(s) External and internal morphology of the uterus. Result(s) Laparoscopy showed a normal external uterine morphology and normal fallopian tubes and ovaries, but chromopertubation failed to demonstrate a fill and spill from the right fallopian tube. Hysteroscopy showed a single tubular uterine cavity projecting to the left with a single left tubal ostium, consistent with a unicornuate uterus. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a normal external uterine fundal contour and an internal uterine morphology consistent with a unicornuate uterus. Conclusion(s) This is the first reported case of a unicornuate uterus presenting with a normal external uterine morphology and an internal morphology consistent with a unicornuate uterus, and we propose inclusion of this anomaly in the classification of mullerian anomalies.
Exercise performance with single chamber rate-responsive pacing in congenital heart defects after operation.

Abstract The use of various types of rate-responsive pacing systems (AAI-R, VVI-R) in anatomically normal hearts has resulted in improved exercise performance. This has been measured as improved work rate, maximal oxygen consumption, and oxygen consumption at which ventilatory anaerobic threshold is achieved. The usefulness of rate-responsive pacing in patients with congenital heart defects has not been extensively studied. 1–3 Most patients with congenital heart defects are postoperative patients with either surgical atrioventricular block or sinus node dysfunction. 4,5 The underlying structural cardiac defects are often complex and may contribute to impaired ventricular function. How these abnormalities affect physiologic cardiopulmonary response with single chamber rate-responsive pacing is unknown. We compared the exercise responses of patients with congenital heart defects using an implanted motion-sensing rate-responsive single chamber pacing system. This study was performed to evaluate potential efficacy of variable over fixed rate single chamber pacing in these patients.
Designing smarter cities by integrating urban behavioral and geometrical simulation

This talk addresses the growing desire to design better, smarter, and more efficient cities. Cities are inherently very complex to model because they are simultaneously dense and large, spanning from a few to hundreds of square kilometers, and because their underlying structure is influenced by a very large number of hard-to quantify variables including land policies, economic behavior, transportation infrastructure, governmental plans, and population changes. In this talk, I will provide a brief overview of a new approach that blurs the boundary between behavioral modeling and geometrical modeling of urban spaces. Within computer graphics and visualization research focuses on producing complex and visually appealing 3D geometrical models from images and/or LIDAR, while urban behavioral modeling focuses on accurate urban dynamics and behaviorally-validated simulations using socio-economic data, for example. I will show how our concurrent behavioral and geometrical simulation significantly benefits the design, editing, and prediction of large-scale 3D city models. The result is the ability to generate, in a few minutes, 3D city models that resemble existing locations, to simulate urban behaviors not previously possible, to predict and visualize the outcome of urban policies and regulations, to design cities that best conform to meteorological aspects, and to improve emergency response in current and speculative scenarios (e.g., evacuations, earthquakes, etc). I will present our latest collection of works representing the state of the art and will also inform the audience on the latest related thoughts and approaches in the field.
Interactions between sleeping position and feeding on cardiorespiratory activity in preterm infants

Infants sleeping in the prone position are at greater risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Sleep position-dependent changes in cardiorespiratory activity may contribute to this increased risk. Cardiorespiratory activity is also affected by feeding. Twenty prematurely-born infants were studied at 31-36 weeks postconceptional age while sleeping in the prone and supine positions. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and patterns of variability were recorded during interfeed intervals, and effects of position and time after feeding were analyzed by repeated measures analyses of variance. There were significant effects of both sleeping position and time after feeding. Heart rate is higher and heart period variability is lower in the prone position, and the effects of sleeping position on cardiac functioning are more pronounced during the middle of the intrafeed interval. In preterm infants, autonomic responses to nutrient processing modulate the cardiorespiratory effects of sleeping position. Prone sleeping risk may vary with time after feeding.
Electron-induced dissociation of hydrocarbon multilayers

Abstract We have recently observed large cross sections (σ = 1.8 × 10−15 cm2) for electron induced dissociation (EID) of physisorbed cyclohexane in multilayers on Pt(111) surfaces. This is a general phenomenon for hydrocarbon multilayers and for other physisorbed hydrocarbon species at monolayer or submonolayer coverages. While it is certainly not new to identify electron induced effects in adsorbed layers, the large EID cross sections reported here and their implications for physisorbed hydrocarbons is not generally appreciated. Two consequences of this chemistry are discussed. First, these EID cross sections are so large that serious artifacts in temperature programmed desorption (TPD) can be caused even in the short time it takes to perform a TPD experiment using a conventional quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) which can bombard the sample with electron fluxes in the μA regime. This problem in TPD can be overcome by utilizing a biased grid between the sample and the QMS ionizer region to stop low energy electrons. However, the secondary electron emission inherent in many electron spectroscopies (XPS, UPS, AES, etc.) may cause similar effects that are difficult to eliminate. Secondly, the large difference in EID cross sections between physisorbed and chemisorbed species has the exciting consequence that well-defined, complex hydrocarbon surface intermediates, e.g., cyclohexyl, can be prepared cleanly on reactive metal surfaces for chemistry studies.
Abortion, Race, and Gender in Nineteenth-Century America:

Many sociologists have considered the intersection of race and gender in the production of social life, but while works on “intersectionality” have offered a useful paradigm for analyzing the experience of individual persons, a model for understanding how structures interact remains unclear. Appropriating Sewell's (1992) argument that structures consist of cultural schemas applied to resources, this article develops a more nuanced approach to intersectionality. It presents the argument that because the basis of race and gender as social structures is the inscription of cultural schemas on bodies, and because racial reproduction is predicated on the continued creation of these culturally inscribed bodies, race and gender as social structures necessarily intersect at the level of biological reproduction. The study uses this theoretical insight to analyze how physicians and suffragists contested the meaning of, and policy regarding, abortion in nineteenthcentury America. While most histories of abortion argu...
Post-laser in-situ keratomileusis ectasia: current understanding and future directions.

Purpose of reviewThe aim of this article is to review the causes, risk factors, management, and future research directions for corneal ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis.Recent findingsComplex corneal biomechanical processes influence the integrity of the normal and postoperative cornea, and
Direct determination of gas velocity and gas temperature in an atmospheric-pressure argon–hydrogen plasma jet

Abstract Direct gas temperature and gas velocity measurements made in the exit plane of a subsonic argon–hydrogen thermal plasma jet from high-resolution lineshape analysis of laser light scattered by the plasma are reported. The lineshapes are in general a superposition of the ion feature of the Thomson-scattered light and the lineshape of Rayleigh scattered light. In the center of the jet Thomson scattering dominates while at larger radii Rayleigh scattering dominates. Because of the complexity of the lineshapes of light scattered by multicomponent plasmas, only those that are predominantly due to Thomson scattering can in practice be analyzed for gas temperature. Gas velocity can be determined from the Doppler shift of the lineshapes relative to the frequency of the incident laser if the velocity is greater than about 50 m s−1. The maximum gas temperature measured was 14,500 K±5%. The maximum gas velocity measured was 1100 m s−1±3%. Temperature values and the radial velocity profile are compared with those previously obtained from a subsonic all-argon plasma jet operated under similar conditions.
Fashion and finance

Abstract Underlying all finance research is the modernist metaphor of the financial services industry as a process in which one set of claims is transformed into a more valuable one. There are other, post-modernist metaphors that reflect that a lot of “consumption” is mixed in with the so-called “investment.” One of these is fashion. Couture and investment depend on managed change for their success. Both are industries in which change is desirable and where it is possible to profit from anticipating and/or effecting appropriate amounts of it. The reason fashion is an especially telling metaphor for investment, however, is that, although the couture and investment industries are both interested in profit, profit is not the main motivation for either. Especially at its high end, haute couture, fashion is about the creation or re-creation of a self-image of power and sex. And at its high end, professional investment, so is finance.
Vitamin D Therapy and Cardiovascular Health

Vitamin D belongs to the family of nuclear steroid hormones, which has pleiotropic effects on several organ systems. Different vitamin D compounds have been studied as potential cardioprotective agents over the past 20 years. The results of these clinical studies vary based on the form and dosage of vitamin D administered during the trial. In the past 5 years, many have described an association of vitamin D compounds and cardiovascular health through reduction in blood pressure, reduction in inflammatory biomarkers, improved insulin sensitivity, and reduction in cardiovascular disease complications and death. Because there are several vitamin D compounds, it is important to consider the full breadth of the literature when examining vitamin D and cardiovascular health, to assist in hypothesis generation and understanding of the current state of the science. Although a growing body of evidence suggests that nutritional vitamin D supplementation and potentially even treatment with synthetic analogues of vitamin D may be cardioprotective, relatively few studies have examined either of these compounds in a randomized, controlled fashion. Studies examining the benefit of vitamin D supplementation are now beginning, but future studies considering calcitriol and analogue therapy also seem warranted.
On HOD-supercompactness

During his Fall 2005 set theory seminar, Woodin asked whether V-supercompactness implies HOD-supercompactness. We show, as he predicted, that that the answer is no.
Against Phenomenal Conservatism

Recently, Michael Huemer has defended the Principle of Phenomenal Conservatism: If it seems to S that p, then, in the absence of defeaters, S thereby has at least some degree of justification for believing that p. This principle has potentially far-reaching implications. Huemer uses it to argue against skepticism and to defend a version of ethical intuitionism. I employ a reductio to show that PC is false. If PC is true, beliefs can yield justification for believing their contents in cases where, intuitively, they should not be able to do so. I argue that there are cases where a belief that p can behave like an appearance that p and thereby make it seem to one that p.
Who has led Russia? Russian regional political elites, 1954 – 2006

Abstract Quantitative measures are used to compare the age, tenure, gender and change of political elites in 18 Russian regions from 1954 to 2006. The study finds more similarities than differences between regional elites from the Soviet era and from the post-Soviet Russian era. The Russian regional political elite since 1992 is actually older than the Soviet elite and resembles it quite closely in terms of years in office and turnover, comparing both the total time spans of the elites of each era and at 10-year intervals from 1956 through to 2006. Even in relation to differences by region and gender since 1992, there has been a re-emergence of a regional political establishment in a similar pattern to that of the Soviet era.
g factor above the first backbend in 168W

Abstract The g factor of the 12+1 state above the first backbend in 168W has been measured using the IMPAC technique in an iron host with the result g(12+1) = −0.21(7). A negative moment of this magnitude can be produced only by a stretched neutron configuration and it is good agreement with the prediction for an aligned i 13 2 neutron pair.
Facility and county effects on racial differences in nursing home quality indicators

This study's goal was to examine the effects of nursing home (NH) and county racial mix on quality of care in NHs. We examined quality indicator (QI) outcomes for residents in 408 urban New York NHs in July through September, 1995. The QI outcomes studied were restraint and antipsychotic drug use (for low and high-risk residents), and at study commencement, these QIs were being used by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to monitor the quality of care in USA Medicare and/or Medicaid-certified NHs. A hierarchical modeling approach was used to properly reflect the nesting of both residents within NHs and NHs within counties. Separate regression models were fit to the two strata of interest (Urban Non-Hispanic Whites and Urban African Americans) to test, for each race group, the effect on quality of residing in NHs and counties with higher proportions of African Americans (than state medians). Descriptive analyses found that, compared to Whites, the unadjusted restraint rate was lower for African Americans while the antipsychotic drug rate was higher. For both race groups, multi-level analyses showed residence in for-profit NHs was associated with higher likelihoods of being restrained, and of receiving antipsychotic drugs. Also, for both race groups, residence in NHs with higher proportions of African-Americans was associated with lower likelihoods of being restrained and with higher, statistically nonsignificant, likelihoods of receiving antipsychotic drugs. Higher NH nurse staffing ratios were associated with higher likelihoods of being restrained and with lower likelihoods of antipsychotic drug use (statistically significant for low-risk African-Americans). Findings support the notion that differential care is provided in USA NHs caring for higher proportions of African-American residents and thereby suggest intervention at the organizational level is warranted to improve QI outcomes for both race groups.
Transcriptional and Functional Adaptations of Human Endothelial Cells to Physiological Chronic Low Oxygen

Endothelial cells chronically reside in low-O2 environments in vivo (2%–13% O2), which are believed to be critical for cell homeostasis. To elucidate the roles of this physiological chronic normoxia in human endothelial cells, we examined transcriptomes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), proliferation and migration of HUVECs in response to fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and underlying signaling mechanisms under physiological chronic normoxia. Immediately after isolation, HUVECs were cultured steadily under standard cell culture normoxia (SCN; 21% O2) or physiological chronic normoxia (PCN; 3% O2) up to 25 days. We found that PCN up-regulated 41 genes and down-regulated 21 genes, 90% of which differed from those previously reported from HUVECs cultured under SCN and exposed to acute low O2. Gene ontology analysis indicated that PCN-regulated genes were highly related to cell proliferation and migration, consistent with the results from benchtop assays that showed that PCN significantly enhanced FGF2- and VEGFA-stimulated cell proliferation and migration. Interestingly, preexposing the PCN cells to 21% O2 up to 5 days did not completely diminish PCN-enhanced cell proliferation and migration. These PCN-enhanced cell proliferations and migrations were mediated via augmented activation of MEK1/MEK2/ERK1/ERK2 and/or PI3K/AKT1. Importantly, these PCN-enhanced cellular responses were associated with an increase in activation of VEGFR2 but not FGFR1, without altering their expression. Thus, PCN programs endothelial cells to undergo dramatic changes in transcriptomes and sensitizes cellular proliferative and migratory responses to FGF2 and VEGFA. These PCN cells may offer a unique endothelial model, more closely mimicking the in vivo states.
Intracellular [Ca2+] transients in voltage clamped cardiac Purkinje fibers.

The Ca2+-activated bioluminescent protein aequorin was used to observe intracellular [Ca2+] transients in voltage clamped canine Purkinje fibers. The pattern of luminescence during a voltage clamp pulse was characterized by two components: L1, which is a rapid initial increase in luminescence and L2, which is a slower, secondary rise of variable configuration. 1. L1, L2, inward current, and contraction were abolished by D 600 (2 μM). 2. Paired clamp pulses. L1 reprimes more rapidly than L2; L1 reprimes within 100 ms, L2 does not. 3. Clamp pulse duration. Peak inward current was the same for 50 ms or 500 ms clamp pulses; L1 was either the same or slightly reduced in 50 ms clamp pulses compared to 500 ms clamp pulses. L2, however, was abolished in repetitively given 50 ms pulses compared to repetitively given 500 ms pulses. When 500 ms pulses were alternated with 50 ms pulses, L2 was greater in the 50 ms pulse than in the 500 ms pulse. 4. Clamp pulse potential. In the range −35 to 0 mV, peak L1 and peak inward current occurred at nearly the same time, had the same threshold potential, and had a similar dependence on membrane potential.
Modeling biological variability in 2-D gel proteomic carcinogenesis experiments.

We propose a statistical method to model the underlying distribution of protein spot volumes in 2-D gels using a generalized model (GM). We apply this approach to discover mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis in a rodent model. We generated 247 protein spots that were common to all gels (n = 18). Traditional statistical methods found 6.5% (13 out of 247) significant protein spots, our GM approach yielded a total of 53 (22.5%) differentially expressed protein spots. Keywords: statistics • 2-D gels • proteomics • carcinogenesis • DMBA • rat
Kottler-Cartan-van Dantzig (KCD) and noninertial systems

Kottler, Cartan, and van Dantzig independently uncovered a key property of the Maxwell equations, which, in retrospect, is instrumental for treating noninertial situations. The essence of this KCD procedure is outlined. Present traditions incompatible with the KCD procedure are identified. KCD predicts a rotation-induced magnetoelectric effect in vacuum, as verified by the experiments of Kennard and Pegram. The description of nonvacuum situations still has some unresolved differences awaiting further experimental delineation. Explicit calculations and technical specifications of experiments receive references to the literature. The emphasis of presentation stresses the conceptual reorganization necessary for lifting the Kennard-Pegram experiments out of their present state of obscurity. The question of whether or not KCD is a physically viable counterpart of the Lagrange-Hamilton-Jacobi procedure in mechanics is contingent on the outcome of more detailed experimentation of the Kennard-Pegram type.
Teaching new mothers: priorities of nurses and postpartum women.

Objective To identify the most important content areas to include when teaching postpartum women, either in the hospital or at home, from the perspective of both nurses and postpartum women. Design Descriptive design using scaled response surveys. Setting Data for nurses were collected through mailed surveys. Data for new mothers were collected in the hospital within 24 hours after delivery and through mailed surveys. Participants Seventy-one registered nurses who provided in-hospital maternity nursing care; 53 registered nurses who provided postpartum follow-up home care visits; and 103 low-risk postpartum women. Main Outcome Measures Perceived importance of teaching topics related to care of mothers and their newborns. Comparisons between responses of nurses and new mothers were analyzed. Results Statistically significant differences were noted between the perceptions of nurses and new mothers regarding the priority of teaching content for new mothers. Nurses give priority to teaching about infant care, whereas new mothers give priority to their own care. Conclusions These data suggest that new mothers may have opinions that differ from those of nurses as to what is important to learn about caring for themselves and for their newborns during the early postpartum period.
Persistence of Erwinia amylovora in the Apple Aphid (Aphis pomi DeGeer), a Probable Vector

INSECTS of the family Aphidae and particularly the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, have long been suspect as significant vectors of the phytobacterial pathogen Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al., 1920. That these insects could artificially transmit the fireblight bacterium and establish progressive infections in apple and pear tissue was demonstrated by Stewart1, Stewart and Leonard2, and Merrill3.
Treatment of retrolental fibroplasia

Retrolental fibroplasia (RLF), a proliferative vascular retinopathy found almost exclusively in premature infants, continues to occur despite careful attention to oxygen administration. Much has been learned about the etiology and mechanisms of RLF over the past 30 years, and it is hoped that technological and biological research will ultimately lead to its prevention. No treatment is of proven value for the proliferative stages of RLF, although photocoagulation and cryotherapy directed at destruction of neovascularization are under study. Surgical treatment may be of value in controlling associated problems, particularly retinal detachments.
Fish enclosures for research in Marshes

A sturdy, economical enclosure for fisheries research in shallow wetlands constructed from livestock panels and poultry netting is described. The pens, which enclosed areas up to 183 m2, retained 82% of enclosed fish over two summers. The pens may also have applications for fish rearing or aquaculture.
Itinerant ferromagnetism in the C-15 Laves phase - TiBe2−xCux

Abstract By substituting copper for part of the beryllium in the C-15 Laves phase, TiBe2, the phase is converted into an itinerant electron ferromagnet. The stable C-15 phase forms over the general composition range, TiBe2−xCux where 0 ⩽ x
Open boundary conditions for long-term integration of regional oceanic models

Regional oceanic models can be developed and used efficiently for the investigation of regional and coastal domains, provided a satisfactory prescription for the open boundary conditions (OBCs) is found. We propose in this paper an adaptive algorithm where inward and outward information fluxes are treated separately. Because of the essentially hyperbolic nature of the incompressible, hydrostatic Primitive Equations, external data are required only for inward boundary fluxes. The outward fluxes are treated with a new algorithm for two-dimensional radiation. Special attention is given to the estimation of the radiation phase speed, essential for detecting the direction of boundary fluxes. The boundary conditions are applied and assessed on a US West Coast (USWC) configuration of the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS). Our guiding principles are that the numerical solution be stable over multiple years, reach a meaningful statistical equilibrium, and be realistic with respect to the available observational data. A sensitivity analysis suggests that the oblique radiation is robust and sufficiently accurate to detect the direction of information fluxes. The adaptive nudging adequately incorporates the external information minimizing over- and under-specification problems. In addition, a volume constraint based on global correction of normal barotropic velocities improves the overall performances of the open boundary conditions.
Adenine nucleoside diphosphates block adaptation of mechanoelectrical transduction in hair cells.

Abstract By adapting to sustained stimuli, hair cells in the internal ear retain their sensitivity to minute transient displacements. Because one model for adaptation asserts that this process is mediated by a myosin isozyme, we reasoned that we should be able to arrest adaptation by interfering with myosin's ATPase cycle though introduction of ADP into hair cells. During tight-seal, whole-cell recordings of transduction currents in cells isolated from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) sacculus, dialysis with 5-25 mM ADP gave variable results. In half of the cells examined, the rate of adaptation remained unchanged or even increased; adaptation was blocked in the remaining cells. Because we suspected that the variable effect of ADP resulted from the conversion of ADP to ATP by adenylate kinase, we employed the ADP analog adenosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate (ADP[beta S]), which is not a substrate for adenylate kinase. Adaptation consistently disappeared in the presence of 1-10 mM ADP[beta S]; in addition, the transduction channels' open probability at rest grew from approximately 0.1 to 0.8 or more. Both effects could be reversed by 2 mM ATP. When used in conjunction with the adenylate kinase inhibitor P1,P5-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate (Ap5A), ADP had effects similar to those of ADP[beta S]. These results suggest that adaptation by hair cells involves adenine nucleotides, and they lend support to the hypothesis that the adaptation process is powered by a myosin motor.
Regeneration in the anemone, Sagartia luciae

1) Tentacles regenerate at the oral end of aboral pieces cut at different levels; even on very short pieces. 2) The absence of the pedal disk in a piece does not effect the regeneration of tentacles, and the time required for the formation of a new disk is longer than that for new tentacles. 3) A cut in the column or in the oral ring does not cause a growth of tentacles unless, in the latter case, some hare been lost. If tentacles have been removed, new ones generally regenerate at the place of the cut, but they may be intercalated at intervals around the oral ring. 4) A pedal disk regenerates only at the aboral end of a piece, and tentacles only on the oral end of pieces (with the exception of a few heteromorphic tentacles on very small oral pieces). 5) Neither gravity nor contact effect the regeneration of tentacles, or the orientation of the individual. 6) The apparent change of orientation is only found in very small pieces, which, however, by means of rapid growth at the place of the cut ultimately assume the same orientation at that of the individuals from which they were cut, thus showing that even the smallest pieces have a definite polarity.
Cancer from Both Sides Now: Combining Personal and Research Perspectives on Survivorship

Cancer survivorship is increasingly a situation of chronic disease management that needs to be integrated with the context of broader health and well-being. This perspective paper combines personal experiences and a professional research program to address the complexities of long-term management of cancer and integrated care and the importance of psychological distress and psychological growth expressed in diverse pathways of survivorship. The role of age is addressed as partially defining the extent and nature of long-term psychological effects. General internists are in a unique position to play a central role in enabling cancer survivors to integrate the cancer experience into their lives and their overall health and well-being.
Effect of Long-term Monotherapy with the Aldosterone Receptor Blocker Eplerenone on Cytoskeletal Proteins and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Dogs with Heart Failure

Long-term monotherapy with the aldosterone receptor blocker eplerenone in dogs with HF was previously shown to improve LV systolic and diastolic function. This study examined the effects of long-term monotherapy with the aldosterone receptor blocker eplerenone on mRNA and protein expression of the cytoskeletal proteins titin, tubulin, fibronectin and vimentin, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, -2 and -9, and the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs)-1 and -2 in left ventricular (LV) myocardium of dogs with heart failure (HF). HF was produced in 12 dogs by intracoronary microembolizations. Dogs were randomized to 3 months oral therapy with eplerenone (10 mg/kg twice daily, n = 6) or to no therapy at all (HF-control, n = 6). LV tissue from six normal dogs was used for comparison. mRNA expression was measured using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein expression using Western blots. Compared to NL dogs, control dogs showed upregulation of mRNA and protein expression for tubulin, fibronectin, MMP-1, -2 and -9, and down-regulation of mRNA and protein expression for total titin. Normalization of mRNA and protein expression for all these genes was seen after treatment with eplerenone. N2BA/N2B-titin mRNA expression ratio increased significantly in dogs with HF treated with eplerenone. No differences in expression for vimentin, TIMP-1 and -2 were observed among groups. In dogs with HF, long-term eplerenone therapy normalizes mRNA and protein expression of key cytoskeletal proteins and MMPs. Reversal of these molecular maladaptations may partly explain the improvement in LV diastolic function seen after long-term therapy with eplerenone.
Degree words and scalar structure in Japanese

Abstract The interaction of event structure and scalar structure has provided accounts for various phenomena revolving around verbs and degree modification. This paper demonstrates that such an interaction is indeed relevant in explaining the pattern of modification that the adverb totemo ‘very’ exhibits in Japanese. In particular, I will argue that the distinction between a ‘trivial standard’ and a ‘nontrivial standard’ discussed in the analysis of deverbal adjectives by Kennedy and McNally (1999) plays an important role in determining the range of verbs that accept degree modification by totemo .
Young Voters' Trust of Information and Media Sources: The 2008 U.S. Presidential Election

The primary objective of this research study was to explore young voters’ (i.e., those 18 to 34 years of age) trust of information media sources within the context of the 2008 U.S. presidential ele...
First Annual Philadelphia Conference on Prenatal Diagnosis Update

The First Annual Philadelphia Conference on Prenatal Diagnosis Update was held on 12 June 2009. This meeting had a larger registration than expected, with over 225 healthcare professionals attending, including physicians, genetic counselors, nurses, midwives and sonographers, among others. The presentations of the meeting encompassed topics in the field of prenatal diagnosis, the current standards of prenatal diagnosis practice, innovations and new discoveries in the field, and their future implications for clinical practice. Preimplantation diagnosis, noninvasive prenatal diagnosis, counseling of patients with common genetics disorders, single-gene disorders and aneuploidies, prenatal diagnostic ultrasound for aneuploidy detection, management and treatment of congenital abnormalities, and legal consideration of prenatal diagnosis were all covered. In total, 14 sponsors with a sincere interest in education in the field participated with displays (listed in the acknowledgements). The program was planned an...
Accelerating Cancer Modeling with RNAi and Nongermline Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

For more than two decades, genetically engineered mouse models have been key to our mechanistic understanding of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Recently, the massive quantity of data emerging from cancer genomics studies has demanded a corresponding increase in the efficiency and throughput of in vivo models for functional testing of putative cancer genes. Already a mainstay of cancer research, recent innovations in RNA interference (RNAi) technology have extended its utility for studying gene function and genetic interactions, enabling tissue-specific, inducible and reversible gene silencing in vivo. Concurrent advances in embryonic stem cell (ESC) culture and genome engineering have accelerated several steps of genetically engineered mouse model production and have facilitated the incorporation of RNAi technology into these models. Here, we review the current state of these technologies and examine how their integration has the potential to dramatically enhance the throughput and capabilities of animal models for cancer.
Nature and origin of corrugated ground moraine of the Des Moines lobe, Story County, Iowa

Abstract Corrugated ground moraine in Story County, Iowa consists of low relief (1–2 m) ridges which most commonly consist of late Wisconsinan till. The average spacing between ridges is about 105 m, and they generally parallel the configuration of the Bemis Moraine, the terminal moraine of the Des Moines glacial lobe. Till fabric (pebble orientations and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility), facies variations and landform fabric analyzed at three sites in typical corrugated ground moraine landscape near Ames in Story County, Iowa indicate that at sites 1 and 2 the ridges consist of till probably deposited by lodgement. At site 3, two ridges consist of till and massive to cross-bedded sand. Till at site 3 is also probably lodgement till. The nature of the till and related glaciofluvial sediments at each site suggests that the corrugation ridges formed in basal cracks or crevasses in the Des Moines Lobe. The cracks are postulated to have formed during extending flow of the Des Moines lobe as it advanced toward its terminal position. Retreat of the Des Moines lobe was rapid enough to preclude significant accumulations of supraglacial sediment upon corrugated ground moraine.
Malignant transformation by the DNA-protein crosslinking agent trans-Pt(II) diamminedichloride

Trans-Pt(II) diamminedichloride (trans-Pt) produced high levels of DNA-protein crosslinks in mouse C3H-10T1/2 cells and mouse 3T3 cells. Trans-Pt induced malignant transformation in these cell types at all doses tested. In 10T1/2 cells trans-Pt induced moderate levels of transformation similar to that induced by equitoxic doses of X-rays. Trans-Pt did not act as a tumor promoter and enhance the transformation frequency seen with X-rays when cells were irradiated and then treated with this agent.
Magnetic resonance imaging of constant total heart volume and center of mass in patients with functional single ventricle before and after staged Fontan procedure

Abstract It has been previously demonstrated that total heart volume (contents of pericardium) throughout the cardiac cycle varies by No significant difference was seen in variation between total heart volume and maximal volume between patients before bilateral cavopulmonary anastomosis (hemiFontan) (5.1 ± 2.9%), after hemiFontan (3.6 ± 1.6%) and after Fontan (8.2 ± 7.7%); however, in 4 of 10, 1 of 8 and 5 of 7 patients, respectively, the total heart volume varied by >5%. Across surgical subgroups, significant differences were found in the center of mass displacement (total, anteroposterior and superoinferior planes) but not in directionality of displacement. Significant differences were found in directionality of displacement, however, between patients whose total heart volume varied by
Cardiac prostaglandin release during myocardial ischemia induced by atrial pacing in patients with coronary artery disease

The relation between myocardial release of prostaglandin and myocardial ischemia was studied in 12 selected patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. These 12 were chosen for analysis because they experienced angina pectoris, ischemic electrocardiographic changes and decreased myocardial lactate uptake during atrial pacing. Simultaneous aortic and coronary sinus blood samples were obtained at rest, during angina and after recovery and were assayed for prostaglandins F, E and A with radioimmunoassay. Cardiac release of prostaglandin F was observed during angina in 11 of 12 patients. Aortic prostaglandin levels remained constant throughout each study. During angina, the mean aortovenous difference (± standard error) was −0.30 ± 0.04 ng/ml ( P P
Quantitative analysis of surface donors in ZnO

Abstract At low temperatures, typically up to 30 K or even higher, the electrical properties of bulk ZnO samples are nearly always dominated by a conductive near-surface region. Here we show that a single, low-temperature Hall-effect measurement, say at 20 K, and a reasonable assumption regarding the upper limit of the surface compensation ratio, yields a value of surface donor concentration N D,surf accurate to within about a factor two. Examples are given for bulk materials grown by the vapor-phase, melt, and hydrothermal processes.
PHP3: PHARMACOECONOMIC FELLOWSHIPS: STRUCTURE, PROCESS, AND OUTCOMES

The escalating demand for pharmacoeconomic research has exceeded the supply of available researchers. Post-graduate pharmacoeconomic fellowships emerged to train and produce quality independent researchers to meet these growing educational needs. However, even after more than ten years in existence, the effectiveness of these programs has not been formally evaluated. In order to determine their effectiveness, first, a set of measures for pharmacoeconomic fellowship programs needs to be developed. OBJECTIVE: To construct a framework to examine the potential structure, process, and outcome measures for pharmacoeconomic fellowship programs. METHODS: Using the Donabedian model, we discuss the structures, processes, and outcomes of pharmacoeconomic fellowship programs. RESULTS: We begin by focusing on the structure of these programs, including facilities, qualification of the teaching staff, and operations of the institution. The types of settings involved in pharmacoeconomic fellowships are illustrated, and the experience and skills of preceptors and fellowship applicants are defined. The processes of pharmacoeconomic fellowships are reviewed, and the different characteristics of these programs such as the research and the educational components are discussed. Potential outcome measures of pharmacoeconomic fellowship programs are discussed. CONCLUSION: A framework for examining the structure, process, and outcome measures for pharmacoeconomic fellowship programs is given. Measures evaluating the outcomes of fellowship programs need to be developed. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of pharmacoeconomic fellowship programs.
The Development and Implementation of an Inquiry-Based Poster Project on Sustainability in a Large Non-Majors Environmental Science Course.

In the past decade, systematic studies have indicated a significant regression in scientific literacy in nonscience students and students across science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines in higher education. Of particular concern, evaluations of introductory lecture-based undergraduate courses have indicated deficiencies in promoting students’ understanding of the role of science and how the scientific community conducts science. In an effort to introduce students to the scientific enterprise, an inquiry-based poster project was developed for a large non-majors environmental science class at a public Midwestern university. Through a term-long project, students (n = 64) worked in a collaborative means to collect and analyze data regarding sustainability topics. Students’ findings were disseminated in a poster presentation during a culminating research symposium that was attended by departmental faculty and university administrators. This paper describes the development and implementation of the inquiry-based project with some preliminary data demonstrating the effectiveness of this activity in promoting student learning and engagement.
Early Versus Delayed Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer: New Fuel for an Old Debate

The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent increase in data supporting the use of androgen ablation early in the clinical course for patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. We systematically reviewed recent publications that report on the use of androgen deprivation (AD) in nonmetastatic prostate cancer patients from the 2003 and 2004 procedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the 2003 and 2004 procedings of the American Urological Association as well as published literature from 2003 to 2005. Five recently published mature randomized trials of AD plus local therapy were evaluated plus two large data sets on the use of AD for patients with serologic relapse after local therapy. Four mature randomized studies demonstrate an overall survival benefit to the use of AD in conjunction with definitive local therapy (three with radiation and one with surgery). One retrospective analysis suggests that AD administered early after serologic progression improves overall survival, and one r...
Concurrent neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an independent risk factor of stroke, all-cause morbidity, and mortality in patients undergoing brain tumor resection.

Abstract Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) may be utilized for treatment of various tumors, and a proportion of patients on active NC may require resection of a primary or secondary brain tumor. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of NC on postoperative neurosurgical outcomes. Elective cranial neurosurgical patient data was obtained from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between 2006 and 2012. The impact of NC on 30 day stroke, all-cause postoperative morbidity, and mortality were assessed. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were estimated for stroke, overall morbidity, and mortality using a multivariable logistic regression model, accomplished in stepwise fashion, for patients receiving NC versus those not receiving NC. This study analyzed 3812 patients undergoing elective cranial surgery, with 152 on concurrent NC. NC patients had a complication rate of 23.68%, while patients not receiving NC had a lower complication rate at 17.65% (p = 0.057). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that patients who received NC had significantly increased odds of developing a stroke with neurological deficit (OR 3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37–8.40) and all-cause postoperative morbidity (OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.04–2.37) over the control group. Finally, the NC cohort demonstrated higher odds of mortality following surgery than their non-NC counterparts (OR 3.81; 95% CI 1.81–8.02). Ninety-two patients (2.41%) died within 30 days, of whom 10 (6.58%) were receiving NC versus 82 non-NC (2.24%) patients (p = 0.001). Concurrent NC is associated with an increased risk of short-term stroke with neurological deficit, all-cause morbidity, and mortality in patients undergoing brain tumor resection.