cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disturbance vs. disturbance rejection: the devil's perspective and LTVJ-lossless systems

Riccati-equation-based solutions are provided for a two-way disturbance vs. the disturbance rejection problem in linear time-varying (LTV) systems. Both state feedback and dynamic compensation are considered, and the solution to the standard H/sub infinity / problem is obtained as a particular case. This is followed by a general Riccati-equation-based characterization of LTV J-inner and J-co-inner plants, and J-inner/outer factorizations. The latter are intimately associated with the solution of feedback design problems. >
Cat carotid body chemosensory discharge (in vitro) is insensitive to charybdotoxin

Abstract Charybdotoxin (ChTX), a venom protein, suppresses Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa+) currents in the glomus cell of neonatal rat carotid body. If it works similarly for cat carotid body chemoreceptors, charybdotoxin is expected to stimulate the chemosensory discharge during normoxia, and particularly hypoxia and hypercapnia. We studied the effects of charybdotoxin (20–40 nM) in vitro (perfused/superfused) on the cat carotid chemosensory discharge, and simultaneously tissue PO2 (PtiO2), as a measure of positive control. ChTX (20 nM) only increased PtiO2 and decreased carotid chemosensory discharge during hypoxia, indicating vasodilation. We conclude that KCa+ channels do not appear to play a significant role in chemotransduction in the cat carotid body.
Mechanisms of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-induced expression of interleukin-8 in gingival epithelial cells.

Background: Gingival epithelial cells (GEC) are the first cells of the periodontium to encounter known periodontal pathogens, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) and, therefore, the role of this pathogen in the initiation of the inflammatory response is critical. However, little is known about the interactions of A.a. with GEC. In the present study, the mechanisms by which extracts from A.a. induced expression of the chemotactic cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in GEC, in vitro, were examined. Methods: An established GEC line, PP, was co-cultured with sonicated extracts of A.a. under various in vitro experimental conditions, and the IL-8 secretion was determined with enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results: A.a. extracts induced a time- and dose-dependent expression of IL-8 from the cells. Dose-response studies indicated that the highest IL-8 secretion (7-fold, P <0.01) was at the level of 50 µg/ml of A.a. extract. Time-course studies revealed a dramatic increase of IL-8 expression after 12...
Intrinsic equivalent circuit of quantum-well lasers

An intrinsic equivalent circuit of quantum-well lasers that takes the capture of carriers into the quantum well into account is presented. Several qualitative features in the modulation response and the device impedance are revealed. The dependences on the carrier capture and escape rates are discussed. >
A demonstration algorithm for Fourier synthesis and linear systems studies

A computer algorithm written in BASIC is presented, along with five examples of its use. The algorithm uses the trigonometric form of Fourier series to synthesize periodic waveforms and implements Parseval's theorem to estimate the mean-square-value (MSV). The algorithm includes a plot routine for displaying the synthesized waveform on the computer screen, and at the user's option a hard copy can be generated by a line printer. By making changes in one line of the algorithm, it is possible to illustrate the effects of a linear system defined in terms of its amplitude and phase response. >
Direct cell seeding and culture on collagen-coated silicone mandrels to generate vascular tissue tubes

The large number of patients suffering from cardiovascular disease has led to a demand for functional arterial replacements. A variety of approaches to tissue engineering vascular grafts have shown promise, including seeding cells onto natural and synthetic scaffolds. Alternatively, completely cellular vascular grafts can be generated by culturing cell sheets which are subsequently rolled into a tube. The goal of this project is to develop fully biological small diameter tissue engineered tubes that can be used as vascular tissue replacements without first generating cell sheets. To achieve this aim, we seeded rat aortic smooth muscle cells onto silicone tubes coated with a thin layer of collagen gel. In a span of 14 days, cells proliferated on the mandrels to form tubes (1.2 mm inner diameter and 0.263 ± 0.59 mm thick; n=3). These results show that this technique enables us to develop cell tubes in a very short period of time with less manipulation than cell sheet-based approaches to generating cellular vascular grafts.
Advances in micromilling techniques: a new apparatus for acquiring high—resolution oxygen and carbon stable isotope values and major/minor elemental ratios from accretionary carbonate

A computer-controlled micromilling apparatus that permits discrete sampling of accretionary biogenic carbonate specimens with micron-scale resolution has been developed for the purpose of acquiring high-resolution δ13C and δ18O values, and major/minor elemental chemistry. Secular variation in stable isotope ratios and major/minor elemental composition records inter-annual and intra-annual changes in the environmental parameters or animal behavior for extant and extinct species. A polished specimen is attached to a stage beneath a fixed micro-milling head, and viewed on a large-screen monitor via a color digital camera. Growth bands (analogous to tree rings) are generally a result of variable accretion rates in biogenic carbonates. These growth features are first digitized in real-time as a series of three-dimensional coordinates. To better characterize complex growth features, intermediate coordinates are interpolated using a cubic spline fit through the digital points. Intermediate sampling paths, which mimic less visible daily growth banding, are in turn calculated between digitized curves. Sampling path arrays serve to guide three high precision actuators, which position the sample stage relative to the fixed micromilling head. A fourth actuator provides vertical control of the digital color camera (compensating for vertical movement of the z-axis stage actuator) keeping the specimen image focused. This new micromilling device permits high-resolution sampling of complex internal structures via a user-friendly program interface.
Compensation effects on clinical trial data collection in opioid-dependent young adults.

Background: Attrition in studies of substance use disorder treatment is problematic, potentially introducing bias into data analysis. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of participant compensation amounts on rates of missing data and observed rates of drug use. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a clinical trial of buprenorphine/naloxone among 152 treatment-seeking opioid-dependent subjects aged 15–21 during participation in a randomized trial. Subjects were randomized to a 2-week detoxification with buprenorphine/naloxone (DETOX; N = 78) or 12 weeks buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP; N = 74). Participants were compensated $5 for weekly urine drug screens and self-reported drug use information and $75 for more extensive assessments at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Results: Though BUP assignment decreased the likelihood of missing data, there were significantly less missing data at 4, 8, and 12 weeks than other weeks, and the effect of compensation on the probability of urine screens being pos...
Storage Age of Transfused Red Blood Cells During Liver Transplantation and Its Intraoperative and Postoperative Effects

Recent studies suggest that the storage age of red blood cells (RBCs) may be associated with morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. We studied perioperative effects of RBC storage age in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplant (OLT). Adult patients who received ≥5 U of RBCs during OLT between January 2004 and June 2009 were studied. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the mean storage age of RBCs they received: new or old RBCs (stored ≤14 or >14 days, respectively). Effects of storage age of transfused RBCs during OLT on intraoperative potassium (K+) concentrations, incidence of hyperkalemia (K+ ≥5.5 mmol/L), postoperative morbidity, and patient and graft survival were studied. The mean serum K+ concentrations and the incidence of hyperkalemia during OLT were significantly associated with storage age of the RBCs. Logistic analysis showed that storage age of RBCs was an independent risk factor for intraoperative hyperkalemia (odds ratios 1.067–1.085, p < 0.001) in addition to baseline K+ concentration and units of RBCs transfused. Patient and graft survival and postoperative morbidity including postoperative ventilation, reoperation, acute renal dysfunction defined by the RIFLE criteria was not associated with old RBCs. Transfusion of RBCs stored for a longer time was associated with intraoperative hyperkalemia but not with postoperative adverse outcomes in adult OLT. Prevention and treatment of potentially harmful hyperkalemia should be considered when old RBCs are administered.
SORBIC ACID INHIBITION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM IN NITRITE‐FREE POULTRY FRANKFURTERS

Chicken and turkey frankfurter emulsions and ground commercial frankfurters were treated with sorbic acid or potassium sorbate together with several acidulating agents. These were inoculated with 400 spores/g of a mixture of 21 strains of C. botulinum (12 of type A, 9 of type B) and canned under vacuum in 208 × 107 aluminum tab cans. The cans were temperature abused at 30°C. Chicken emulsions with sodium acid pyrophosphate (used for commercial frankfurters) showed can swelling in 2 days; turkey emulsion cans swelled in 4 days. The mean swell times for chicken and turkey were, respectively: 7 and 15 days with 0.52% potassium sorbate and 13 and 35 days with 0.40% sorbic acid. Acidification of emulsions with 3PO4 or glucono-δ-lactone to a pH as low as 5.4 did not increase the mean swell times; however, in combination with 0.4% sorbic acid the mean swell times were increased over those of the sorbic acid alone. Citric acid increased mean swell times in turkey but not in chicken emulsions. For poultry emulsions and poultry frankfurters commercially prepared with 0.2% sorbic acid, acidification with H3PO4 to pH 5.7 resulted in appreciable increases in mean swell times; 0.4% sorbic acid without 3PO4 was more effective. Indigenous microflora, causing gas production in the cans, were also inhibited by 0.4% sorbic acid and by 3PO4 acidified 0.2% sorbic acid. Finished frankfurters generally behaved the same as the emulsions in C. botulinum inhibition; however, they gave better protection than the emulsions when both were treated with 0.2% sorbic acid plus 3PO4.
Mesoscale Dynamics in the Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak

Abstract Radar and satellite imagery suggest that strong mesoscale forcing occurred in the Palm Sunday tornado outbreak on 27 March 1994. Parallel lines of severe thunderstorms within each of three mesoscale convective systems developed just ahead of a cold front in Mississippi and Alabama on this date. Analyses of routine meteorological observations, barograph data, and forecasts from the Eta and NGM models and a mesoscale research model (MASS) are used to examine the relative roles of large-scale dynamics and mesoscale processes in triggering and organizing the mesoscale convection. Quasigeostrophic forcing was absent in the outbreak region. Likewise, a thermally direct circulation system transverse to the upper-level jet that was present to the northwest of the outbreak region was decoupled from the strong low-level ascent occurring in northern Alabama and Mississippi at the time of the outbreak. Strong ageostrophic frontogenesis in the presence of conditional symmetric instability (CSI) was the chief ...
Phosphorus-dependent growth kinetics of 11 species of freshwater algae

Mixed-species batch cultures were used to measure kinetics of phosphorus-dependent growth for 11 species of freshwater algae. Results were fitted to the Monod model, and significant interspecific differences were found. Indices of competitive ability calculated from the Monod parameters suggest that Synedra radians, Synedra rumpens, Nitzschia acicularis, and Chlamydomonas sp. are good competitors for P, and that Nitzschia palea and several nonsiliceous algae are poor competitors for P. These indices of competitive ability arc largely consistent with competitive outcomes in a companion experiment with these species and with other studies. No relation was found between maximal growth rate and the effect that fluctuations in P supply had on a species’ performance in the competition experiment. Growth parameters and competitive indices were not significantly correlated with cell volume, surface area, or surface : volume ratio.
Hepatic polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in Wisconsin river otters (Lontra canadensis) and Michigan bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

Abstract Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent and toxic flame-retardant chemicals widespread in the Great Lakes ecosystem. These chemicals are now being regulated and phased-out of the region; therefore it remains important to understand the extent of contamination in order to track the efficacy of recent actions. Here, Σ 4 PBDE congeners (PBDE-47, 99, 100, 153; wet weight basis unless indicated) were determined in liver tissues from Wisconsin river otters ( Lontra canadensis ; n = 35; 2009–2010) and Michigan bald eagles ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ; n = 33; 2009–2011). In otters, Σ 4 PBDE ranged from 0.5 to 72.9 ng/g, with a mean (± SD) and median (25th–75th percentile inter-quartile range) of 16.3 ± 16.4 ng/g and 11.3 (5.6–18.9) ng/g, respectively. The mean lipid-adjusted Σ 4 PBDE was 1377 ± 1485 ng/g. In eagles, Σ 4 PBDE ranged from 0 to 1,538.8 ng/g, with a mean and median of 74.3 ± 266.7 ng/g and 21.2 (5.7–28.9) ng/g, respectively. The mean lipid-adjusted Σ 4 PBDE was 5274.5 ± 19,896.1 ng/g. In both species, PBDE-47 accounted for > 50% of the Σ 4 PBDE, followed by PBDE-99 and PBDE-100 (each ~ 17–19% of the total). The PBDE levels reported here in otters are similar to mammalian wildlife elsewhere, though the levels in eagles are among the highest worldwide across studied birds. The findings indicate that apex Great Lakes wildlife remain exposed to appreciable levels of PBDEs and more work is needed to understand whether such exposures are associated with adverse health outcomes.
Foot displacement but not velocity predicts the outcome of a slip induced in young subjects while walking

The purpose of the present study was to induce slips in healthy subjects as a means to determine if recovery from an induced slip is possible under conditions in which the displacements and velocities of the slipping foot exceed the generally accepted limits of 10cm and 50cm/s, respectively, and to determine if there are gait-related variables that predispose an individual to falling after a slip. Thirty-three young and barefoot adults, protected by an instrumented safety harness, were subjected to a single slipping trial following a series of unperturbed walking trials. The slip was induced when the bare foot contacted a vinyl sheet coated with mineral oil. Lower extremity kinematics were acquired using a video-based motion capture system. Fourteen and 12 subjects could be unambiguously categorized as having fallen or recovered, respectively. Four variables demonstrated significant between-group differences and two were used to compute the probability of the slip outcome using logistic regression. The variables were the displacement of the foot during the slip and the angle of the shank relative to the ground at the instant of ground contact just prior to the slip. Separate univariate logistic regressions using each variable were significant and correctly classified about 70% of the slip outcomes. The results demonstrated that previously published values for the displacement and velocity of the slipping foot, 10cm and 50cm/s, respectively, may not accurately represent the upper limits beyond which recovery is not possible. The results also demonstrated that heel-strike angle, reflective of stride length, exerts a significant influence on the outcome of a slip.
The design of miniature three-element stochastic Yagi-Uda arrays using particle swarm optimization

A fixed grid structure of reduced length is employed to generate three-element miniature stochastic Yagi-Uda arrays. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized to alter the shape and the element distances for optimum forward gain, good front-to-back ratio, and 2:1 or better voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). Simulation results of PSO are compared with binary valued genetic algorithm (GA) optimized designs and with a conventional three-element Yagi-Uda array.
Interaction of an Acanthamoeba human isolate harboring bacteria with murine peritoneal macrophages.

Acanthamoeba spp. are the causative agents of granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), a chronic progressive fatal infection of the central nervous system. These free-living amebae have been associated, also with cutaneous acanthamoebiasis and sinusitis in immunocompromised patients [8,10,13]. Studies on the biological properties of these amebae have been performed using strains cultured axenically for long periods of time. Virulence in the ameba declines after prolonged culture in vitro [11]. Therefore, a recent clinical isolate obtained from an immune suppressed patient who had undergone a renal transplant was subjected to immediate analysis. The patient was diagnosed post mortem with disseminated acanthamoebiasis based on the presence of trophozoites and cysts in hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections [13]. Amebae were isolated from cutaneous lesions at the time of autopsy and cultured axenically in Oxoid medium. The clinical isolate was identified as Acanthamoeba and was shown to harbor bacteria both within trophozoites and cysts. Furthermore, co-culture of these amebae with murine peritoneal macrophages resulted in a robust induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) at levels, which approximated those elicited by the potent immunomodulator bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Modeling the Interaction between Quasigeostrophic Vertical Motion and Convection in a Single Column

AbstractA single-column modeling approach is proposed to study the interaction between convection and large-scale dynamics using the quasigeostrophic (QG) framework. This approach extends the notion of “parameterization of large-scale dynamics,” previously applied in the tropics via the weak temperature gradient approximation and other comparable methods, to the extratropics, where balanced adiabatic dynamics plays a larger role in inducing large-scale vertical motion. The diabatic heating in an air column is resolved numerically by a single-column model or a cloud-resolving model. The large-scale vertical velocity, which controls vertical advection of temperature and moisture, is computed through the QG omega equation including the dry adiabatic terms and the diabatic heating term. The component due to diabatic heating can be thought of as geostrophic adjustment to that heating and couples the convection to the large-scale vertical motion. The approach is demonstrated using two representations of convect...
Economic Controversy and the Constitution: History, Rhetoric, and Behavioralism in the Fall and Re-Emergence of Economic Rights

This paper considers a relationship between what it identifies as the Roberts Court's re-engagement of economic rights with sustained debate on issues of structural economics. In the first section, I explore the ways in which the contemporary U.S. Supreme Court, despite assigning the lowest level of constitutional scrutiny to questions of economic regulation and counting deference to markets as a key tenet of its role in the liberal polity, has increasingly engaged politicized issues of the role of government in regulating the private economy, or issues of structural economics. The first section of the paper argues that, while the Roberts Court continues to adjudicate important civil rights cases as illustrated in the current term, any expansion of civil rights jurisprudence, as in Windsor, rides squarely on the extension of formal equality and is simultaneously accompanied by the regression of several traditional lines of civil rights jurisprudence. In its place, there are signs that the Court appears willing to increasingly engage the intersection of economic policy and individual rights beyond questions of federalism. Arguably the clearest, but by no means the only, example of the re-conflation of economic regulation and individual rights arises from the liberty-based limits placed on the Commerce Clause in NFIB v Sebelius, of a type that the appellate brief contended was "more redolent of the Due Process arguments than any principled enumerated powers argument." In a second section, the paper considers methodological approaches to assessing a relationship between the Court’s re-engagement of economic rights and sustained public debate on issues of structural economics. This section draws on an earlier paper by the same author pointing to the mechanistic importance of constitutional rhetoric in mapping exchanges between the Supreme Court and political movements.
Evaluation of StO2 tissue perfusion monitoring as a tool to predict the need for lifesaving interventions in trauma patients.

Abstract Background Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of mortality in preventable trauma deaths. Earlier recognition of hemorrhagic shock decreases the time to implementation of life-saving interventions improves patient survival. The presence of hemorrhagic shock is not always apparent using standard vital signs monitoring, a clinical state referred to as occult shock. Methods This prospective, observational study was performed at Memorial Hermann Hospital in Houston, TX. Prisoners, pregnant women, and patients with burn injuries greater than 20% total body surface area or bilateral upper extremity fractures were excluded. Hutchinson Technologies Spot Check StO 2 device was used to measure StO 2 values. Results StO 2 values less than 75% were predictive of the need for blood product transfusions ( P 2 less than 75% and had a median base deficit of 5 (3 to 6.5). Conclusions Admission StO 2 measurements less than 75% predict the need for blood products and emergent surgical procedures and may be used as an adjunct method for identifying shock. StO 2 measurements can aid where laboratory values are unavailable.
Removing 'The Cloak of a Standing Inquiry': Pollution Regulation, Public Health, and Private Risk in the Injury-in-Fact Analysis

Environmental enforcement jurisprudence, especially standing jurisprudence in citizen suits, privileges actual concrete injuries over increased risk of disease, despite the public health aspects of most of the federal pollution control statutes. This privileging undermines the preventive and precautionary public health goals embodied in these statutes. Focusing particularly on the federal Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act, this Article argues that the federal courts should adopt a public health perspective on citizen environmental enforcement and adjust the injury-in-fact analysis in the federal standing requirement to reflect the necessarily probabilistic and risk-based relationships between pollution control regulation, protection of the public health, and individual harm. Specifically, after re-evaluating the Supreme Court's standing analysis in Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services (TOC), Inc., from a public health perspective, this Article argues that four threads of jurisprudence - increased risk causes of action in tort, environmental increased risk standing, public health-based increased risk standing, and deference to agencies' public health-related regulatory decisionmaking - and the inherent limitations of technology-based pollution regulation combine to suggest that violations of health-related regulatory requirements should qualify as per se injuries-in-fact for any plaintiff falling within the zone of the resulting increased risk to public health.
Scanners: A Threat to Privacy?

Civil libertarians believe that backscatter and millimeter-wave sensing devices in airports are a threat to individual privacy. This article attempts to reconcile the desire for individual rights and the common good through a communitarian philosophy.
cTed: Advancing Selection Mechanisms in Web Browsers

Selecting fragments of content on websites, such as text, lists, tables and images, and copying them to note-taking applications or word processors is a common task for information workers. However, web browsers only offer crude support for selections due to the restrictive underlying HTML/CSS model, making it difficult and sometimes even impossible for users to select and copy content. In this paper, we present cTed, a web browser plugin that allows for selection gestures to be drawn directly onto websites. Our plugin intelligently maps selection gestures to underlying HTML content and thereby enables users to more intuitively mark and extract regions of websites while preserving textual and semantic information.
Analysis and Improvement of Reactive Power Voltage in Gansu Power Grid

The operation status of reactive voltage at Gansu Power Grid in the past two years is summarized,through analysis of power grid structure and reactive disposition in the Grid,various reactive voltage issues existed in the operation are pointed out.The calculation and analysis to the Power Grid in Gansu Province typical area Dingxi have been carried on,and suggestions and measures on solving reactive voltage problem in Gansu Power Grid are proposed,which provides theoritical basis for improving energy quality and reducing loss and enhancing economic efficiency of Gansu Power Grid.
Preprocessing Legal Text: Policy Parsing and Isomorphic Intermediate Representation.

One of the most significant challenges in achieving digital privacy is incorporating privacy policy directly in computer systems. While rule systems have long existed, translating privacy laws, regulations, policies, and contracts into processor amenable forms is slow and difficult because the legal text is scattered, run-on, and unstructured, antithetical to the lean and logical forms of computer science. We are using and developing intermediate isomorphic forms as a Rosetta Stone-like tool to accelerate the translation process and in hopes of providing support to future domain-specific Natural Language Processing technology. This report describes our experience, thoughts about how to improve the form, and discoveries about the form and logic of the legal text that will affect the successful development of a rules tool to implement real-world complex privacy policies.
Gonadotropins in women with amenorrhea. The use of plasma follicle-stimulating hormone to differentiate women with and without ovarian follicles.

Total urinary gonadotropins, plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), and plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in normal women and in 234 patients with primary and secondary amenorrhea and retrospectively correlated with the presence or absence of ovarian follicles. Total urinary gonadotropin levels and plasma LH values were greater in patients without follicles than in patients with follicles and normal women, but the degree of overlap prohibited reliable diagnosis in any individual patient. However, plasma FSH values reliably predicted the presence or absence of ovarian follicles in women with either primary or secondary amenorrhea.
Pertussis toxin attenuates platelet-activating factor-induced pulmonary hemodynamic alterations in pigs

To determine whether platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced release of cyclooxygenase products might be dependent on G proteins in vivo, we administered pertussis toxin (PTX) (9.7-10.0 micrograms/kg iv) to conscious pigs approximately 48 h before bolus infusions of PAF (10 ng/kg). Autoradiography of ADP-ribosylated lung cell membrane proteins from PTX-treated pigs demonstrated marked reduction in the amount of radiolabel ([32P]NAD) incorporated, indicating that PTX induced ADP-ribosylation of G proteins in vivo. PAF, infused at hourly intervals from 0-4 h, caused increases in plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) concomitant with pulmonary hypertension and vasoconstriction in anesthetized pigs. These physiological changes were blocked or markedly attenuated by indomethacin, indicating they were dependent on cyclooxygenase products. In PTX-treated pigs, the PAF-induced pulmonary hypertension and vasoconstriction were modestly attenuated, whereas the increases in plasma TxB2 were markedly attenuated. PTX prevented PAF-induced aggregation of platelets in vivo as evidenced by blockade of thrombocytopenia. However, in vitro, PAF-induced aggregation of platelets was independent of PTX. Moreover, incubation of platelet-rich plasma with 50 microM PAF failed to increase TxB2 levels. These findings suggested that a PTX-sensitive cell other than the platelet was responsible for triggering release of TxA2 and thrombocytopenia in vivo. We conclude that PAF-induced release of TxA2, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and thrombocytopenia in anesthetized pigs are dependent on a PTX-sensitive G protein; however, the residual hemodynamic effects indicate involvement of a PTX-insensitive G protein, or alternatively, G protein independent pathways.
SPATIAL PATTERNING IN NORTHERN SAN JUAN VILLAGES, A.D. 1050-1300

ABSTRACTDetailed maps of Puebloan village sites were made photogrammetrically from aerial photos; wall lines and other details were added by field survey. These maps were used to document three successive community center types, dating from late Pueblo II (A.D. 1050–;1150) through Pueblo III (1150–1300). The maps were also analyzed, in conjunction with other relevant survey and excavation data, to define patterns of village layout and architecture in late Pueblo III. These villages represent highly aggregated communities that are buitt on canyon rims and talus; enclose or are close to a good spring; are usually divided into two unequal parts by a drainage or other natural feature; and typically have low walls enclosing the village or a precinct within it. One area of the village usually displays a concentration of public architecture, including a D-shaped multi-walled structure, towers, and a plaza.
Environment and GATT/WTO

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was created in 1947 as a replacement for an international trade organization proposed in the Bretton Woods conference that also was responsible for the United Nations, World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The trade organization could not get approval and, hence, the GATT was developed with 23 nations as members (WTO 2010d). Environmental concerns had not been an important issue in the several rounds of GATT negotiations that preceded the Uruguay Round and probably would not have become a major issue then except for the concerns raised as a result of the Mexico-US tuna dispute that had ruled against the US restrictions on imports of tuna that had not been caught using dolphin safe procedures.
Infantile Spasms Consensus Report

An Infantile Spasms Working Group (ISWG) of 14 pediatric neurologists with expertise in IS participated in a 2-day workshop to discuss 1) the current state of IS management, 2) the evidence for efficacy of ACTH and vigabatrin (VGB), approved in the US in 2009, and need for additional alternatives, and 3) to develop protocols as a guide for the diagnostic workup and management of IS.
Recurrence risk perception and quality of life following treatment of breast cancer.

Purpose Little is known about different ways of assessing risk of distant recurrence following cancer treatment (e.g., numeric or descriptive). We sought to evaluate the association between overestimation of risk of distant recurrence of breast cancer and key patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life and worry.
The Ethics of Predatory Journals

Predatory journals operate as vanity presses, typically charging large submission or publication fees and requiring little peer review. The consequences of such journals are wide reaching, affecting the integrity of the legitimate journals they attempt to imitate, the reputations of the departments, colleges, and universities of their contributors, the actions of accreditation bodies, the reputations of their authors, and perhaps even the generosity of academic benefactors. Using a stakeholder analysis, our study of predatory journals suggests that most stakeholders gain little in the short run from such publishing and only the editors or owners of these journals benefit in the long run. We also discuss counter-measures that academic and administrative faculty can employ to thwart predatory publishing.
Bioavailability of wastewater derived dissolved organic nitrogen to green microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Chlorella vulgaris with/without presence of bacteria

Effluent dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is problematic in nutrient sensitive surface waters and needs to be reduced to meet demanding total dissolved nitrogen discharge limits. Bioavailable DON (ABDON) is a portion of DON utilized by algae or algae+bacteria, while biodegradable DON (BDON) is a portion of DON decomposable by bacteria. ABDON and BDON in a two-stage trickling filter (TF) wastewater treatment plant was evaluated using three different microalgal species, Selenastrum capricornutum, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris and mixed cultured bacteria. Results showed that up to 80% of DON was bioavailable to algae or algae+bacteria inoculum while up to 60% of DON was biodegradable in all the samples. Results showed that C. reinhardtii and C. vulgaris can be used as a test species the same as S. capricornutum since there were no significant differences among these three algae species based on their ability to remove nitrogen species.
The semantic map of subordination and its application to Aramaic די in Ezra

Lexicographic study of Aramaic די has either produced a list of its meanings or has assigned it a general meaning. Both have proved inadequate for describing meaning either synchronically or diachronically. This paper will demonstrate the usefulness of the semantic map method for understanding די. The method is applied not only to די in Ezra and Old Aramaic but also to English subordinate clauses. This method illustrates synchronic, diachronic, and cross-linguistic features of די and helps us move beyond simple translation to understand the semantic functions of די.
Economic Insecurity and Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Victimization.

Introduction Previous research has consistently found that low SES is associated with higher levels of both intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) victimization. Though associated with poverty, two indicators of economic insecurity, food and housing insecurity, have been identified as conceptually distinct social determinants of health. This study examined the relationship between food and housing insecurity experienced in the preceding 12 months and IPV and SV victimization experienced in the preceding 12 months, after controlling for SES and other demographic variables. Methods Data were from the 2010 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, a nationally representative telephone survey of U.S. adults. In 2016, multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to examine the association between food and housing insecurity and multiple forms of IPV and SV victimization. Results Robust associations were found between food and housing insecurity experienced in the preceding 12 months and IPV and SV experienced in the preceding 12 months, for women and men, even after controlling for age, family income, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status. Conclusions Food and housing insecurity may be important considerations for the prevention of SV and IPV or the reductions of their consequences, although future research is needed to disentangle the direction of the association. Strategies aimed at buffering economic insecurity may reduce vulnerability to IPV and SV victimization.
In response to “Balancing the risks and benefits of medication organizers”

Dear Editor,We recognize scenarios that involve pediatric unintentional exposures involve many factors, some difficult to measure. These include (but are not limited to) the caregivers and their me...
Osteoarthritis of the Hip and Knee

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of a synovial joint that includes bone loss and progressive articular cartilage loss and may be determined radiographically in conjunction with clinical examination. This chapter highlights nonoperative management options to consider before joint replacement.
Non-model-based multiple damage identification of beams by a continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer system

Abstract An effective non-model-based multiple damage identification method for beams by using a continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (CSLDV) system is presented. Velocity response of a beam along a scan line under sinusoidal excitation is measured by the CSLDV system and a spatially dense operating deflection shape (ODS) of the beam along the scan line is obtained by the demodulation method from velocity response. An ODS of an associated undamaged beam is obtained by using a polynomial with a proper order to fit the ODS from the demodulation method. The curvature of an ODS (CODS) is used to identify abnormality induced by multiple damage. A curvature damage index (CDI) using differences between CODSs associated with ODSs that are obtained by the demodulation method and the polynomial fit is proposed to identify multiple damage. A normalized average CDI obtained by averaging CDIs at different excitation frequencies is defined to further assist multiple damage identification. Experiments on three beams with three damage on each beam in the form of three small cuts are conducted. Widths and depths of the three damage are varied from 3 mm to 9 mm with an increment of 3 mm and from 5% thickness reduction to 15% with an increment of 5%, respectively, and their effects on ODSs, CODSs, and CDIs are investigated. Five frequencies obtained by rounding the first through fifth natural frequencies of the beams and one arbitrarily selected frequency that is not close to any natural frequency of the beams are used as sinusoidal excitation frequencies. Each damage is successfully identified near regions with consistently high values of CDIs at different excitation frequencies. The three damage on each beam is successfully identified with the normalized average CDI by obvious peaks at locations of the three damage.
Surgical Management of Sporadic Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors

Sporadic neuroendocrine tumors of the gut and pancreas are relatively uncommon, and are generally considered to be slow-growing and indolent. However, these tumors can result in significant morbidity related to hormone overproduction, and are sometimes aggressive and treatment-resistant. Surgical therapy forms a critical component of the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with primary neuroendocrine tumors, and can often play a role in the management of metastatic disease. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the surgical management of carcinoid tumors and pancreatic islet cell carcinomas that occur in the absence of an inherited syndrome.
Electron Transfer from Photoexcited Naphthalene Diimide Radical Anion to Electrocatalytically Active Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl in a Molecular Triad

Electron donor–acceptor photosensitizers having long charge separation lifetimes and high-reducing potentials that can be easily appended to thermodynamically difficult to reduce catalysts hold great promise for driving CO2 reduction. This study presents a new molecular triad utilizing a naphthalene diimide radical anion (NDI•–) donor chromophore appended to a 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) acceptor, which is in turn linked to Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl. The NDI•– chromophore is readily generated by mild chemical or electrochemical reduction, absorbs at wavelengths as long as 800 nm, and has an excited state oxidation potential (−2.1 V vs SCE), which rivals or exceeds those of metalorganic and organometallic chromophores. Photoexcitation of NDI•– to *NDI•– is followed by ultrafast reduction of DPA to DPA•–, which then rapidly reduces the metal complex. The overall quantum yield for reduction of Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl is approximately 90% using visible light. The overall time constant for the forward electron transfer to reduc...
The prognostic and diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for assessment of symptomatic osteoarthritis.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the clinical significance of increased fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake on PET/CT in joints for evaluation of symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) and prediction of progression.Patients and methodsIn this prospective study, shoulder, hip,
Surface deformations resulting from laser spot welding

A method is described for modeling a very simple ''welding'' problem, that of forming and resolidifying a melt pool with a laser on a plate of 99.999% purity aluminum. The details of the optics, chemistry, and heat transfer are not included so that a rather complete description of the solid mechanics model can be presented. A constitutive model is developed which includes a room temperature-to-melt isotropic/kinematic plasticity behavior. The model is exercised on the laser spot problem and the results presented. The very hot and compliant region in and around the melt zone is restrained from radial expansion by relatively cool and stiff surrounding material which extrudes the melt material toward the laser beam. Because of the small laser spot size and the high conductivity of aluminum, cooling is very rapid when the laser is extinguished. The plastic deformations during heating then dictate the residual stress and deformation states in the solidified plate. The final state has a region of high hydrostatic tensile stress directly beneath the solidified melt zone and a slight depression which remains at the weld site. 5 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.
Cervical cancer complicated by pregnancy : episiotomy site recurrences following vaginal delivery

OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic modalities relevant to episiotomy site recurrence of cervical cancer after vaginal delivery. METHODS: Records from the past 30 years were reviewed to identify patients treated at the Mayo Clinic with episiotomy site recurrence of cervical cancer complicated by pregnancy with vaginal delivery. RESULTS: Four patients with episiotomy site recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were treated primarily at the Mayo Clinic. These cervical cancers were originally diagnosed at delivery or in the immediate postpartum period and were treated by radical hysterectomy. Episiotomy site recurrences were detected less than 12 weeks after surgery in three patients and at 2 years in one patient. Three patients have died of recurrent cancer and one is disease-free at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Careful screening and examination of cervical abnormalities during pregnancy is required. The primary cancer was not diagnosed until delivery or postpartum in all patients who developed episiotomy site recurrences. If vaginal delivery is elected in a patient with cervical cancer, perineal inspection becomes critical. Including other cases reported in the literature, six of nine with stage IB disease were diagnosed with episiotomy site recurrence within 12 weeks of primary therapy. Consideration should be given to colposcopy of the episiotomy site or random biopsy in these women preoperatively to rule out occult implantation, and this site warrants careful postoperative surveillance.
MHD shocks and simple waves in CMES

Previous studies have shown how the various types of MHD shocks (slow, intermediate, and fast may form near the leading edge of coronal mass ejections in relatively simple geometric (2-D, Cartesian) models. These models also neglect the important contribution of the outflow velocity and the current sheet since they do not incorporate a coronal streamer configuration in the initial state. It is shown that some of these previous results remain true for a model with a more realistic spherical geometry (2-D and 3-D) and when the CME propagates through a streamer. However, there are several important differences. Some are of a more detailed character such as the slow shock becoming a perpendicular shock at the center of the current sheet rather than a gas dynamic shock and being less noticeably concave upward. One very important difference is that (except for possibly the very fastest disturbances), the results indicate that fast MHD shocks probably do not form within the field of view of most coronagraphs. This is true despite the fact that the disturbance speed greatly exceeds the fast mode speed. This apparent anomaly occurs due to the formation of fast simple expansion waves ahead of the central part of the disturbance which modify the initial corona such that either a slow or intermediate shock forms. The leading fast simple waves become compressive at the flanks of the disturbance but have not steepened into shocks. The three-dimensional simulations also provide information on the global CME structure as well as the anticipated reduction in observed brightness as the CME occurs further from the limb. For the results given here the CME is shaped more like a radially expanding arcade than a bubble. The CME brightness is reduced by 30% as the CME moves from the limb to 45° away from it. The peak brightness in a polar view is about 65% less than the maximum in a meridional projection. These results are discussed in more detail in: R. S. Steinolfson, “The three-dimensional structure of coronal mass ejections,” J. Geophys. Res. (in press) 1992.
Graben und Kriechen ohne Extremitäten

Vertebraten, die ihr gesamtes oder den grosten Teil ihres Lebens unter der Erdoberflache verbringen, werden als subterran bezeichnet. Die meisten dieser Tiere graben Tunnel und werden deshalb auch Graber genannt. Viele andere Vertebraten sind oberhalb der Erdoberflache aktiv, sind aber genauso stark an das Graben nach Nahrung oder fur einen Unterschlupf angepasst. All these Tiere nennt man spezialisierte Graber bzw. fossorial. Manche Vertebraten leben in Bauen, die von anderen Tieren gegraben wurden und viele Tetrapoden konnen auch ohne ausgepragte morphologische Anpassung etwas graben. So grabt sich z. B. die Alligatoreidechse in Laubstreu, um sich zu verstecken, die Drossel kratzt Laub weg, um Nahrung zu finden, das Karibu kratzt den Schnee von den Flechten, die es frisst, und der Elefant schabt mit einem Vorderfus Locher, um an das Grundwasser zu gelangen, wenn die Oberflachenquellen ausgetrocknet sind. Dieses Kapitel wird vor allem die deutlich angepassten Graber behandeln.
Letters for Black Lives: Co-ethnic Mobilization and Support for the Black Lives Matter Movement:

Previous research demonstrates that individuals are more open to persuasion from people who share their race. However, it is not known whether this relationship holds for Asian Americans. We addres...