cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reverse logistics network design of e-waste management under the triple bottom line approach

Abstract Enhancing social and economic effects along with reducing environmental effect has gained significant consideration in reverse logistics network design. Electronic waste management raises serious concerns due to its increasing quantity and hazardous nature in global business. The developed model is a multi-objective reverse logistics network for electronic waste management, and the concept of the triple bottom line approach has been considered in the proposed study. The suggested study makes a trade-off between conflicting objectives. The research considers first customers, collection centers, distribution centers, second customers, and reprocessing units consisting of return evaluation centers, recycling centers and refurbishing centers. The carbon cap-and-trade policy has also been incorporated into the model. The objectives of the formulated model are to maximize the profit and minimize the carbon emissions as well as maximizing the job opportunities in a reverse logistics network. To deal with the uncertainty, neutrosophic optimization has been applied to avoid unrealistic modeling. A related numerical example has been performed and the results show that the transportation cost contributes to the major fraction of the total cost. The reprocessing at the return evaluation and recycling centers are the main source of carbon emissions. Sensitivity analysis has also been conducted to assess the application of the proposed model. It shows that a drastic increase of 42.6% occurs in the profit value when the per-unit carbon trading price is increased by 40% and vice-versa. Also, a variation is seen in the parameters like carbon emissions at recycling center with a change in total emissions value and the average number of units processed by one worker at return evaluation center with a variation in the number of job creation value.
NAPA: Neural Art Human Pose Amplifier.

This is the project report for CSCI-GA.2271-001. We target human pose estimation in artistic images. For this goal, we design an end-to-end system that uses neural style transfer for pose regression. We collect a 277-style set for arbitrary style transfer and build an artistic 281-image test set. We directly run pose regression on the test set and show promising results. For pose regression, we propose a 2d-induced bone map from which pose is lifted. To help such a lifting, we additionally annotate the pseudo 3d labels of the full in-the-wild MPII dataset. Further, we append another style transfer as self supervision to improve 2d. We perform extensive ablation studies to analyze the introduced features. We also compare end-to-end with per-style training and allude to the tradeoff between style transfer and pose regression. Lastly, we generalize our model to the real-world human dataset and show its potentiality as a generic pose model. We explain the theoretical foundation in Appendix. We release code at this https URL, data, and video.
Acute Sterile Meningitis as a Primary Manifestation of Pituitary Apoplexy.

Abstract Objective We report a case of pituitary apoplexy (PA) with negative radiographic findings for PA and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis consistent with neutrophilic meningitis. PA is a rare endocrinopathy requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. Presentation with acute neutrophilic meningitis is uncommon. Methods The diagnostic modalities included pituitary function tests (adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin), brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and CSF analysis. Results A 67-year-old man presented with worsening headache, nausea, and retching. He was somnolent with an overall normal neurologic examination other than a peripheral vision defect in the left eye. MRI showed a pituitary mass bulging into the suprasellar cistern with optic chiasm elevation, consistent with pituitary macroadenoma. Laboratory evaluation revealed decreased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, random cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone. He had worsening encephalopathy with left eye ptosis and decreased vision, prompting a repeat computed tomography and MRI, showing no interval change in the pituitary adenoma or evidence of bleeding. CSF analysis revealed a leukocyte count of 1106/mm3 (89% neutrophils), a total protein level of 138 mg/dL, red blood cell count of 2040/mm3 without xanthochromia, and glucose level of 130 mg/dL. The CSF culture result was negative. Transsphenoidal resection revealed a necrotic pituitary adenoma with apoplexy. Conclusions Including PA in the differential diagnosis of acute headache is important, particularly in patients with visual disturbances. PA can present with sterile meningitis, mimicking acute bacterial meningitis. While neuroimaging can help detect PA, the diagnosis of PA remains largely clinical.
Estimation of Structural Parameters and Marginal Eects in Binary Choice Panel Data Models with Fixed Eects

Fixed e®ects estimates of structural parameters in nonlinear panel models can be severely biased due to the incidental parameters problem. In this paper I show that the most important com- ponent of this incidental parameters bias for probit ¯xed e®ects estimators of index coe±cients is proportional to the true parameter value, using a large-T expansion of the bias. This result allows me to derive a lower bound for this bias, and to show that ¯xed e®ects estimates of ratios of coe±cients and average marginal e®ects have zero bias in the absence of heterogeneity and have negligible bias relative to their true values for a wide range of distributions of regressors and individual e®ects. Numerical examples suggest that this small bias property also holds for logit and linear probability models, and for exogenous variables in dynamic binary choice models. An empirical analysis of female labor force participation using data from the PSID shows that whereas the signi¯cant biases in ¯xed e®ects estimates of model parameters do not contami- nate the estimates of marginal e®ects in static models, estimates of both index coe±cients and marginal e®ects can be severely biased in dynamic models. Improved bias corrected estimators for index coe±cients and marginal e®ects are also proposed for both static and dynamic models.
Surgical Management of Postradiation, Dropped Head Spinal Deformity in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer.

Background Dropped head syndrome is a morbid condition that affects daily functionality, causing pain and dysphagia and respiratory compromise. Reported causes of dropped head syndrome include neuromuscular disorders, iatrogenic from cervical spine surgery, and idiopathic and postradiation for head and neck cancers. Management of this spinal disorder remains challenging, as the complication rates are high. We present our series of 7 patients who underwent surgical correction of dropped head syndrome, all resulting from radiation for head and neck cancers. Methods This was a retrospective review of 7 patients who underwent surgery between 2016 and 2019 for dropped head syndrome secondary to postradiation cervical spine deformity. Clinical variables were obtained from medical records. Radiographic parameters pre- and postsurgery including T1 slope, sagittal vertical axis, and C2–C7 cervical lordosis were examined. Results Seven patients were included in the study, with an average age 69 years. Two patients underwent traction preoperatively. Five patients had posterior fixation and fusion only and 2 patients had a combined anterior and posterior fixation and fusion. Overall, there was improvement in average pre/postoperative sagittal vertical axis (6.96 cm to 3.04 cm), T1 slope (33.61° to 24.34°), and C2–C7 lordosis (–21.65° to –0.03°). Conclusions Surgical correction of postradiation dropped head spinal deformity involving anterior and posterior fixation with osteotomies provides improvement in functional and radiographic outcomes as shown in our series. These cases are technically challenging and have a high rate of perioperative complications. Approaches must be tailored to the patient with attention to their specific surgical and radiation history.
Sleep duration, physical activity, and caloric intake are related to weight status in Mexican American children: a longitudinal analysis.

Obesity is a serious issue, spanning all ages, and, in the U.S., disproportionately affects Latinos and African Americans. Understanding sleep, physical activity and dietary behaviors that may predict childhood obesity can help identify behavioral intervention targets. Data were drawn from a U.S. cohort study of 323 Mexican American 8–10-year-old children and their mothers, who participated in a longitudinal study over a 2-year period. Measures were collected at baseline (BL; child mean age = 8.87, SD = 0.83), year 1 (FU1) and year 2 (FU2). Mothers reported on household income and acculturation at BL. Child height and weight were collected and BMI z-scores (BMIz) were calculated for weight status at BL, FU1, and FU2. Accelerometer-estimated sleep duration (hours) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; minutes) were collected across 3 days at BL, FU1, and FU2. Two 24-h dietary recalls were performed at each time point; from these, average energy intake (EI, kcals/day) was estimated. Cross-lagged panel analysis was used to examine behavioral predictors on BMIz at each time point and across time. At BL and FU1, longer sleep duration (β = − 0.22, p < 0.001; β = − 0.17, p < 0.05, respectively) and greater MVPA (β = − 0.13, p < 0.05; β = − 0.20, p < 0.01, respectively) were concurrently related to lower BMIz. At FU2, longer sleep duration (β = − 0.18, p < 0.01) was concurrently related to lower BMIz, whereas greater EI (β = 0.16, p < 0.01) was related to higher BMIz. Longer sleep duration at BL predicted lower BMIz at FU1 (β = − 0.05, p < 0.01). Longer sleep duration was concurrently related to lower weight status at each time point from ages 8–10 to 10–12. Higher MVPA was concurrently related to lower weight status in earlier childhood (ages 8–10 and 9–11) and higher EI was concurrently related to higher weight status toward the end of childhood (ages 10–12 years). Furthermore, longer sleep in earlier childhood was protective of children’s lower weight status 1 year later. These findings suggest that sleep duration plays a consistent and protective role against childhood obesity; in addition, MVPA and healthy EI remain important independent factors for obtaining a healthy weight.
E-Waste Management Using Machine Learning

In the realm of innovation, as individuals begin adjusting to new development, advancement begins clearing its way into individuals' lives. Each adjustment in innovation gets better than ever, with old gadgets being supplanted and deserted. Such Electronic and Electrical Equipments (EEEs) that are disposed of by clients are named e-waste. EEEs are comprised of a large number of segments, some containing poisonous substances that affect human wellbeing and climate, if not handled appropriately. The volume of EEEs that is delivered all through the world, has driven governments in different nations to make severe arrangements, to guarantee effective removal of the created e-waste. This paper presents the utilization of ML (Machine Learning) for E-Waste Management framework with a center to build up a prescient model by contrasting the presentation of gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT) and Neural Network (NN) ML calculations to gauge week by week e-wastage for every Urban sub-segments. Various information-driven strategies incorporate the current designed model and its alteration alongside regular machine learning calculations. The utilization of Machine Learning calculation gives improved arrangement exactness of 99.1 % when utilizing the best performing algorithm. Notwithstanding the prominent quantitative upgrades, the proposed plan can likewise help in enhancing long-haul e-waste management in smart-city ambient utilizing the recorded insights.
Are You Out There? Intercellular Signaling in the Microbial World

This chapter emphasizes recurring themes in bacterial signaling. Bacterial metabolites include N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHL) first discovered in Vibrio fischeri and produced by various gram-negative bacteria, furanosyl borate diester (AI-2) first discovered in Vibrio harveyi and produced by a diverse range of bacteria, signaling peptides produced by many gram-positive bacteria, butyrolactones produced by Streptomyces species and 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester (PAME) produced by Ralstonia solanacearum. The cell density sensing or "quorum sensing" hypothesis proposes that the concentration of an intercellular signal, produced by a growing population and accumulating in the surrounding extracellular environment, is proportional to the cell density of that population. The rationale is that the plant immune system, which responds to tissue damage, is not capable of resolving Erwinia carotovora infections at this cell density. The chapter discusses the implications of intercellular signaling mechanism (ISM)-regulated coordinated behaviors on three levels. First, it considers how intercellular signaling within species can extend the range of phenotypes and niches available to bacteria at the cost of adaptive flexibility. Second, it appraises the evidence for intercellular signaling between species in mixed communities and considers its potential impact on microbial community dynamics. Third, it considers how bacterial ISMs may be exploited by higher organisms in interdomain interactions.
Follow-up Evaluation of Treatment for Anxiety and Depression Provided in a University-based Primary Care Clinic

FOLLOW-UP EVALUATION OF TREATMENT FOR ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION PROVIDED IN A UNIVERSITY-BASED PRIMARY CARE CLINIC By Renee Grinnell A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014 Major Director: Bruce Rybarczyk, Ph.D. Professor Department of Psychology Although integrated primary care psychology services are becoming increasingly common, the literature lacks adequate research support for the longitudinal durability of treatment effects following the conclusion of brief primary care interventions. This study served as a follow-up program evaluation of psychological services for depression and anxiety provided at the Medical College of Virginia’s Ambulatory Care Center in Richmond, Virginia. Data were collected on 47 adult primary care patients who received treatment for depression and/or anxiety between six and 18 months prior to the follow-up telephone call. Data were collected on the trajectory of depression scores throughout and following treatment, treatment received by patients in the interim, and reasons provided by patients for discontinuing treatment. Analyses of these data indicated that primary care psychology services were effective in reducing patient anxiety and depression as measured by the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 respectively, even when controlling for additional treatment in the interim, and that patients as a group continued to improve over time
Determining Black Expenditure Patterns Using Elasticity Coefficients: Developing a Profile

The purpose of this paper is to draw an expenditure profile of black consumers and to develop a model to measure the purchasing patterns of blacks. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics is analyzed using an income elasticity model based on Engel curves to establish elasticity coefficients for expenditure patterns by blacks.
Effects of Human Urine on Aggregation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals

AbstractThe importance of aggregation in calcium oxalate urolithiasis, although not fully understood, has long been postulated. Previous investigators of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation have applied static crystallization rather than continuous flow techniques to their studies. We describe the use of a Couette agglomerator in series with our previously reported continuous flow mixed suspension-mixed product removal crystallization system. We compared synthetic urine controls with 5 per cent volume-in-volume human urine additions from normal persons or patients with calcium oxalate stones. There was no significant difference in nucleation, linear crystal growth rate or total crystal mass between normal persons and those with stones. Control nucleation rate was significantly higher than in either human urine addition group. Comparison of aggregator particle size distributions revealed significant differences in aggregation among the control, normal and stone groups. We concluded that urine inhibitors to...
Dismantling the Gaze: Julia Margaret Cameron's Sri Lankan Photographs

Through an analysis of Julia margaret Cameron's Sri Lankan photographs, I will argue that not only are the monolithic constructions of the colonizer and colonized disrupted, but that the colonial gaze becomes multiple and contradictory, the white authorial gaze splintering in reference to colonial Ceylon, Ceylon emerging as a space of disruption, facilitating alternative representations of Victorian womanhood in the colonies.
Use of a surgical endostapler for division of Zenker's diverticulum: a valuable refinement of the transoral technique?

Use of a Surgical Endostapler for Division of Zenker's Diverticulum: A Valuable Refinement of the Transoral Technique?
Socialite: A Flexible Framework for Social Internet of Things

The Social Internet of Things is a new paradigm that merges the Internet of Things with Social Networks. We propose a paradigm for how to model interactions between devices and humans, and among devices themselves to support sharable value-added applications throughout the device life cycle (e.g., Configuration, operation, preventive diagnosis), as well as to achieve common goals and recommendations. To realize this paradigm we propose a novel architecture and implementation to enable new Internet of Things applications based on emerging types of social relationships. We develop the semantic models for the Social Internet of Things including device types and their capabilities, users and their relationships, and rules leveraging such models. We demonstrate our concept by building a real system called Socialite that integrates various devices from different manufacturers with different functional interfaces and explicitly represents the relationships among active participants (devices as well as users) in our system.
Fluoxetine in the treatment of borderline and schizotypal personality disorders.

Twenty-two patients meeting the criteria for bordeline or schizotypal personality disorder or both participated in a prospective, nonblind 12-week trial of fluoxetine. There were significant reductions in self-injury and in scores on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist regardless of diagnosis
Assessing nanoparticle risk poses prodigious challenges

Risk assessment is used both formally and informally to estimate the likelihood of an adverse event occurring, for example, as a consequence of exposure to a hazardous chemical, drug, or other agent. Formal risk assessments in government regulatory agencies have a long history of practice. The precision with which risk can be estimated is inevitably constrained, however, by uncertainties arising from the lack of pertinent data. Developing accurate risk assessments for nanoparticles and nanoparticle-containing products may present further challenges because of the unique properties of the particles, uncertainties about their composition and the populations exposed to them, and how these may change throughout the particle's life cycle. This review introduces the evolving practice of risk assessment followed by some of the uncertainties that need to be addressed to improve our understanding of nanoparticle risks. Given the clarion call for life-cycle assessments of nanoparticles, an unprecedented degree of national and international coordination between scientific organizations, regulatory agencies, and stakeholders will be required to achieve this goal. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013, 5:374–387. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1216 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. This article is a U.S. Government work, and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. Disclaimer: This manuscript has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. The approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Measuring surgical outcomes in cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: assessment of minimum clinically important difference.

Object The concept of minimum clinically important difference (MCID) has been used to measure the threshold by which the effect of a specific treatment can be considered clinically meaningful. MCID has previously been studied in surgical patients, however few studies have assessed its role in spinal surgery. The goal of this study was to assess the role of MCID in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods Data was collected on 30 patients who underwent ACDF for CSM between 2007 and 2012. Preoperative and 1-year postoperative Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual-Analog Scale (VAS), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) Component Summary PRO scores were collected. Five distribution- and anchor-based approaches were used to calculate MCID threshold values average change, change difference, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), minimum detectable change (MDC) and standard error of measurement (SEM). The Health Transition Item of the SF-36 (HTI) was used as an external anchor. Results Patients had a significant improvement in all mean physical PRO scores postoperatively (p<0.01) NDI (29.24 to 14.82), VAS (5.06 to 1.72), and PCS (36.98 to 44.22). The five MCID approaches yielded a range of values for each PRO: 2.00–8.78 for PCS, 2.06–5.73 for MCS, 4.83–13.39 for NDI, and 0.36–3.11 for VAS. PCS was the most representative PRO measure, presenting the greatest area under the ROC curve (0.94). MDC values were not affected by the choice of anchor and their threshold of improvement was statistically greater than the chance of error from unimproved patients. Conclusion SF-36 PCS was the most representative PRO measure. MDC appears to be the most appropriate MCID method. When MDC was applied together with HTI anchor, the MCID thresholds were: 13.39 for NDI, 3.11 for VAS, 5.56 for PCS and 5.73 for MCS.
Regulation of Bcr-Abl-induced SAP kinase activity and transformation by the SHPTP1 protein tyrosine phosphatase

The oncogenic Bcr-Abl variant of the c-Abl tyrosine kinase transforms cells by a mechanism dependent on activation of the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK). Other work has shown that c-Abl interacts with the SHPTP1 protein tyrosine phosphatase in induction of SAPK activity by genotoxic stress. The present studies demonstrate that Bcr-Abl binds constitutively to SHPTP1. We show that Bcr-Abl phosphorylates SHPTP1 on C-terminal Y536 and Y564 sites. The functional significance of the Bcr-Abl/SHPTP1 interaction is supported by the finding that SHPTP1 regulates Bcr-Abl-induced SAPK activity. Importantly, SHPTP1 also decreases Bcr-Abl-dependent transformation of fibroblasts. These findings indicate that SHPTP1 functions as a tumor suppressor in cells transformed by Bcr-Abl.
Quantification of contributions to the cell overpotential during galvanostatic discharge of a lithium-ion cell

Abstract Isothermal, physics-based cell sandwich model has been validated with experimental galvanostatic discharge data at various current densities for advanced lithium-ion cells. The overpotential is higher at higher current densities and mostly increases with discharge at any given rate. The various contributions to cell overpotential during galvanostatic discharge at 5C and 3C constant-current densities are quantified in detail and analyzed. This work will aid in research and development efforts to mitigate these limitations for better cell performance in potential advanced electric vehicle applications.
Full text coverage of marketing journals in databases

Purpose – The increasing availability of digital editions of journals, and/or the incorporation of the full‐text versions of their papers in the largest aggregator databases, have been the highlights in the coming of age of digital libraries from many perspectives, ranging from collection development to preservation, from ready reference services to creating digital carrels. Full‐text availability of research papers through several digital resources is not merely a great convenience for distributing knowledge, but also an indirect indicator of the acknowledgement of the popularity and importance of journals and other serial publications (such as conference proceedings) in many disciplines where such sources are the primary venues for scholarly and professional publishing. One of the purposes of the author's current research project was to find out how well three business databases reflect the popularity and familiarity of peer ranking and rating through 50 top rated marketing‐focused and marketing‐related...
Microstructural analysis on the Ge/Pd(Zn) ohmic contact to p-InP

The interfacial microstructural analysis of the Ge/Pd(Zn) ohmic contact to p-InP, based on the solid-phase regrowth principle, is reported. Typical contact resistivities of low 10−4 to low 10−5 Ω-cm2 can be obtained for this contact scheme annealed at temperatures higher than 400°C. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray composition mapping, and con-verge beam electron diffraction were utilized in this study for the interfacial microstructure analysis. The solid-phase regrowth process has been confirmed in this contact system on InP. Precipitates of trapped materials during solid phase regrowth have also been observed. The correlation between the electrical and microstructural properties is addressed.
Social Support, Mood, and Resiliency Following a Peruvian Natural Disaster

The intent of this research project was to collect data from individuals in Vina Vieja, Peru, who experienced a devastating earthquake in 2007 and two subsequent earthquakes in 2010. Collected in June 2010, these data for 35 individuals were analyzed using independent sample t tests and qualitative theme analysis. When added to findings from a previous study of Hurricane Katrina survivors in 2006, the present research about the Peruvian experience in Vina Vieja fills a conceptual gap pertaining to understanding factors that predict resiliency among survivors of natural disasters. It is part of an ongoing interdisciplinary research project that seeks to understand how resilience is experienced within and across cultures and to create a conceptual framework for resilience.
Refining the Evaluation of Operating Room Performance

Purpose An accurate and consistent evaluation of resident operative performance is necessary but difficult to achieve. This study continues the examination of the Southern Illinois University (SIU) operative performance rating system (OPRS) by studying additional factors that may influence reliability, accuracy, and interpretability of results. Methods OPRS evaluations of surgical residents by faculty at SIU, from 2001 to 2008, were analyzed for the most frequently rated procedures to determine (1) the elapsed time from the procedure until completion of rating, (2) the patterns in responses of procedure-specific and global surgical skills items, and (3) whether particular evaluating surgeons differed in their stringency of ratings of resident operative performance. Results In all, 566 evaluations were analyzed, which consisted of open colectomy (n = 125), open inguinal hernia (n = 103), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 199), and excisional biopsy (n = 139). The number of residents evaluated per training level (PGY) ranged from 88 to 161. The median time to completion of evaluations was 11 days, 9 hours. The quickest evaluation was 18 hours after assignment. Most were completed within 4.5 to 22 days. Procedure-specific and global scale scores resulted in similar rank-ordering of performances (single-measure intraclass correlation using the consistency model = 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87-0.90) and similar absolute OPRS scores (single-measure intraclass correlation using the consistency model = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90). Evaluating surgeons differed in stringency of ratings across procedures (average difference = 1.4 points of 5 possible points). Resident performance improved with increasing PGY level for all 4 procedures. Conclusions Substantial time elapses between performance in the operating room and the completion of the evaluation. This raises the question of whether surgeons remember the nuances of the procedure well enough to rate performance accurately. The item type used for rating does not affect the absolute rating assigned or the rank ordering of the performance. Differences in stringency of evaluators indicate the need for multiple resident performance observations by multiple surgeons. These findings are the foundation for an upcoming multi-institutional trial.
Respiration of Cecropia moth (Hyalophora cecropia L.) larvae.

Abstract 1. 1. Respiration in cecropia moth larvae is related to larval dry weight according to the equation: log e O 2 /hr = (0·87 + 0·06) log e (dry wt.) + log e 3·22, during development at 27°C and 70% r.h. 2. 2. The slope, 0·87, is significantly different from 1 which is the value predicted by von Bertalanffy's (1957) growth model. 3. 3. This deviation from 1 is attributed to the production of low-metabolizing tissue by the developing larvae.
Tracking Pathogen Transmission at the Human-Wildlife Interface: Banded Mongoose and Escherichia coli

A primary challenge to managing emerging infectious disease is identifying pathways that allow pathogen transmission at the human–wildlife interface. Using Escherichia coli as a model organism, we evaluated fecal bacterial transmission between banded mongoose (Mungos mungo) and humans in northern Botswana. Fecal samples were collected from banded mongoose living in protected areas (n = 87, 3 troops) and surrounding villages (n = 92, 3 troops). Human fecal waste was collected from the same environment (n = 46). Isolates were evaluated for susceptibility to 10 antibiotics. Resistant E. coli isolates from mongoose were compared to human isolates using rep-PCR fingerprinting and MLST-PCR. Antimicrobial resistant isolates were identified in 57 % of the mongoose fecal samples tested (range 31–78% among troops). At least one individual mongoose fecal sample demonstrated resistance to each tested antibiotic, and multidrug resistance was highest in the protected areas (40.9%). E. coli isolated from mongoose and human sources in this study demonstrated an extremely high degree of genetic similarity on rep-PCR (AMOVA, F ST = 0.0027, p = 0.18) with a similar pattern identified on MLST-PCR. Human waste may be an important source of microbial exposure to wildlife. Evidence of high levels of antimicrobial resistance even within protected areas identifies an emerging health threat and highlights the need for improved waste management in these systems.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of the enzymes of muscle glycogenolysis.

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to examine the structures of the skeletal muscle enzymes phosphorylase and phosphorylase kinase. The interaction of these two proteins represents the last step in the process of signal transduction which results in muscle glycogen being converted into metabolic energy for use in muscle contraction. Phosphorylase b has a molecular weight of 97 000 and the dimer is seen by STM to have dimensions of 11 × 5.7 nm. Phosphorylase b has a tendency to form linear arrays of dimers on the graphite surface used as the support for STM imaging. Phosphorylase kinase is imaged as a butterfly-like object with lateral dimensions of 36×27 nm. The molecular thicknesses given by scanning tunneling microscopy for these two non-conducting molecules is significantly less than expected. The height measurement in STM is dependent not only on the surface topology of the object being imaged, but also on the electronic work function of the object compared to that of the graphite surface on which it lies. In addition to the individual proteins, a complex between phosphorylase and phosphorylase kinase has been observed by scanning tunneling microscopy.
Effects of Risk and Time Preference and Expected Longevity on Demand for Medical Tests

Despite their conceptual importance, the effects of time preference, expected longevity, uncertainty, and risk aversion on behavior have not been analyzed empirically. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to assess the role of risk and time preference, expected longevity, and education on demand for three measures used for early detection of breast and cervical cancer—regular breast self-exams, mammograms, and Pap smears. We find that individuals with a higher life expectancy and lower time preference are more likely to undergo cancer screening. Less risk averse individuals tend to be more likely to undergo testing.
Ultrahigh vacuum and electrochemical CO-characterization studies of Cu ON Ru(0001)

Abstract Sub-monolayer to multilayer quantities of Cu on a Ru(0001) substrate was studied both in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and in an electrochemical cell (EC). The experimental apparatus consisted of an EC attached directly to a UHV chamber with facilities for Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The UHV and electrochemical methods were compared directly via a series of co-characterization experiments in which Cu was deposited in the UHV environment and characterized electrochemically. A comparison of the linear sweep stripping and TDS of vacuum deposited Cu showed that the difference in the heat of desorption between multilayer and monolayer Cu was ≈ 6 kcal/mol and was approximately the same for both methods.
Development of Gender Discrimination: Role of Stereotypic and Counterstereotypic Gender Cues.

Toddlers (41 girls and 35 boys) between 18 and 37 months old were given four gender discrimination tasks, each consisting of 6 pairs of color drawings. Three tasks depicted pairs of preschool girls and boys holding either sex-typical toys (stereotypic cues), sex-atypical toys (counterstereotypic cues), or no toys. The fourth task paired pictures of female-typed and male-typed toys. For each pair, subjects were asked to point to either the girl (girls' toy) or boy (boys' toy). Gender discrimination increased with age. Young children performed at chance level on all tasks. Older children made fewer correct choices on the Toy Alone task than on the tasks depicting children. Performance generally was unaffected by stereotyping or counterstereotyping of gender cues. Sex differences were minimal.
Considerations for Affirming Gender Nonconforming Boys and Their Families: New Approaches, New Challenges

The media and the public's reaction have created the impression that gender variant behaviors of many children are indicative of later transsexual identities. This has suggested to some parents that the best way to manage their sons' gender variance and perhaps gender dysphoria is to allow them to dress as girls in increasingly more situations. For some this becomes a transition to living full-time as a girl. However, the author believes that most of these boys would be better served by helping them develop an awareness of the many ways of being a boy, stigma-reducing social strategies, and facilitating a positive gay identity.
Pulmonary sequestration with primary blastomycosis. Failure of ketoconazole therapy after resection.

Infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis developed in a girl with occult pulmonary sequestration. Six months after resection, while receiving ketoconazole, she developed an abscess due to B dermatitidis over the scar from thoracotomy, with a sinus tract to the eighth rib. This was successfully managed with debridement, rib resection, and amphotericin B. Contiguous bone involvement should be suspected in sequestra infected with this organism; debridement and therapy with amphotericin B might be indicated.
Hypoxia-Induced Modification of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Cerebral Cortical Neuronal Nuclei of Newborn Piglets

Hypoxia-Induced Modification of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Cerebral Cortical Neuronal Nuclei of Newborn Piglets
Treatment of acute gout: a systematic review.

Abstract Objective Acute gout is traditionally treated with NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and colchicine; however, subjects have multiple comorbidities that limit the use of some conventional therapies. We systematically reviewed the published data on the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic agents used for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. Methods A systematic search was performed using PubMed and Cochrane database through May 2013. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included NSAIDs, corticosteroids, colchicine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitors, topical ice, or herbal supplements. Results Thirty articles were selected for systematic review. The results show that NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors are effective agents for the treatment of acute gout attacks. Systemic corticosteroids have similar efficacy to therapeutic doses of NSAIDs, with studies supporting oral and intramuscular use. ACTH is suggested to be efficacious in acute gout. Oral colchicine demonstrated to be effective, with low-dose colchicine demonstrating a comparable tolerability profile as placebo and a significantly lower side effect profile to high-dose colchicine. The IL-1β inhibitory antibody, canakinumab, was effective for the treatment of acute attacks in subjects refractory to and in those with contraindications to NSAIDs and/or colchicine. However, rilonacept was demonstrated to be not as effective, and there are no RCTs for the use of anakinra. Conclusion NSAIDs, COX-2 selective inhibitors, corticosteroids, colchicine, ACTH, and canakinumab have evidence to suggest efficacy in treatment of acute gout.
Stability of Hypersonic Boundary Layers over a Compression Corner

The stability of hypersonic boundary layers over a compression corner is investigated numerically. To compute the shock and the interaction of the shock with the instability waves, the simulation solves the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations using a high-order, weighted, essentially nonoscillatory shock-capturing scheme. After computing the mean flowfield, the procedure then superimposes two-dimensional unsteady disturbances at the inflow and computes the evolution of these disturbances in downstream direction. Because of the interaction of the shock with the boundary layer, a separation bubble forms at the corner, and two compression waves form near the separation and reattachment points. These compression waves merge farther away from the boundary layer to form a shock
Feedback control over packet dropping network links

This paper studies stabilization schemes for a discrete-time control systems in which the feedback loop includes a network link that may suffer packet drops. We model the packet dropping network link as an erasure channel and study state/output feedback stabilization schemes for linear systems of arbitrary dimension. We use the mean square deviation of the system state from zero (MSDZ) as our measure of performance and discuss how to obtain the gain matrix that asymptotically minimizes this quantity. To evaluate the potential of this control scheme, we then focus on the scalar case and compare it against an alternative control scheme that first uses Kalman filtering (with intermittent observations) to estimate the system state and then applies state feedback based on this state estimate. We provide both analytical and empirical comparisons and conclude that, under certain conditions, the two control schemes can have comparable performance; however, the proposed (state or output) feedback strategy is considerably simpler to implement.
Ion Beam Modification of PVDC and Pe Polymers

Electronic and nuclear stopping effects produced by MeV ion bombardment in polyvinylidine chloride and polyethylene are separated by stacking thin films of the polymers. Resulting multi-layer laminates of each polymer were bombarded with 3.5-MeV alpha particles. Energy of the incident ions was selected using the TRIM code so that the first layers experienced most of the effects of the electronic energy deposited and the last layers received most of the effects of the nuclear stopping power. Changes in conductance and chemical structure of each layer were measured by direct resistivity measurements and Raman microprobe analysis.
Chemistry of vibronic coupling. Part 2. How to maximize the dynamic diagonal vibronic coupling constant for T1 states in AB systems (A, B = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br or I)?

The dynamic diagonal vibronic coupling constant (VCC) in several series of AB and AA molecules (A, B = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br or I) has been investigated. The electronic states considered are the singlet ground state (“ionic ” for heteronuclear AB species) and first excited singlet or triplet states (“covalent”). The VCC is thus studied for a charge transfer lowest lying triplet state. Qualitative trends in the VCC within the families of systems studied have been sought, with the aim of finding “ a chemistry of vibronic coupling”. Two interesting correlations emerge: the VCC for the charge transfer states in an AB system grows as the sum of the electronegativities of the A and B elements increases, as well as with decreasing AB bond length. A parameter f was defined as the sum of the electronegativities of the A and B elements divided by the AB bond length. This leads to a nearly monotonic correlation between computed values of VCC and f for 55 molecules originating from three distinct classes with a formal single bond: intermetallic species M1M2 (M = alkali metal), interhalogens X1X2 (X = halogen) and salt-like compounds MX. It emerges that contracted p-type orbitals making up the σ* MO (occupied by one electron in the excited state) seem to provide higher values of VCC than diffused s orbitals. The energy of the singlet–triplet gap is also correlated with the sum of the electronegativities of the A and B elements within two families of diatomics. Quantitative explanations of these two trends are still sought.
CLINICAL PHARMACY IN RHODE ISLAND

Summary The institution and development of clinical pharmacy in Rhode Island is described. The difficultires encountered in developing affiliations between the School of Pharmacy and the hospitals for the provision of Pharm. D courses and the eventual use of the clinical pharmacists is discussed
High Precision Measurements of Non-Mass-Dependent Effects in Nickel Isotopes in Meteoritic Metal via Multicollector ICPMS

We measured the Ni isotopic composition of metal from a variety of meteorite groups to search for variations in the 60Ni abundance from the decay of the short-lived nuclide 60Fe (t1/2 = 1.49 My) and for possible nucleosynthetic effects in the other stable isotopes of Ni. We developed a high-yield Ni separation procedure based on a combination of anion and cation exchange chromatography. Nickel isotopes were measured on a single-focusing, multicollector, inductively coupled mass spectrometer (MC-ICPMS). The external precision on the mass-bias-corrected 60Ni/58Ni ratio (±0.15 e; 2σ) is comparable to similar studies using double-focusing MC-ICPMS. We report the first high-precision data for 64Ni, the least abundant Ni isotope, obtained via MC-ICPMS. The external precision on the mass-bias-corrected 64Ni/58Ni ratio (±1.5 e; 2σ) is better than previous studies using thermal ionization mass spectrometry. No resolvable excesses relative to a terrestrial standard in the mass-bias-corrected 60Ni/58Ni ratio were de...
Collective effects in light–heavy ion collisions

Abstract We present results for the azimuthal anisotropy of charged hadron distributions in A+A, p+A, d+A, and 3He+A collisions within the IP-Glasma+ music model. Obtained anisotropies are due to the fluid dynamic response of the system to the fluctuating initial geometry of the interaction region. While the elliptic and triangular anisotropies in peripheral Pb+Pb collisions at s = 2.76 TeV are well described by the model, the same quantities in s = 5.02 TeV p+Pb collisions underestimate the experimental data. This disagreement can be due to neglected initial state correlations or the lack of a detailed description of the fluctuating spatial structure of the proton, or both. We further present predictions for azimuthal anisotropies in p+Au, d+Au, and 3He+Au collisions at s = 200 GeV . For d+Au and 3He+Au collisions we expect the detailed substructure of the nucleon to become less important.
Ontogeny of phytohemagglutinin-induced gamma interferon by leukocytes of healthy infants and children: evidence for decreased production in infants younger than 2 months of age.

REFERENCES 1. Chusid M J, Dale DC, West BC, Wolff SM. The hypereosinophilic syndrome: analysis of fourteen cases with review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1975;54:1. 2. O'Connell E J, Wynn SR, Sachs MI. Peripheral blood eosinophilia in children. Schumpert Med Q 1986;4:264. 3. Smith KL, Johnson W. Classification of chronic myelocytic leukemia in children. Cancer 1974;34:670. 4. Rickles FR, Miller DR. Eosinophilic leukemoid reaction: report of a case, its relationship to eosinophilic leukemia, and review of the pediatric literature. J PEDIATR 1972;80:418. 5. De Vaan GAM, van Haelst UJG. Hypereosinophilia syndrome or eosinophilic leukaemia: a case report of a oneyear-old infant. Helv Paediatr Acta 1979;34:271. 6. Fauci AS, Harley JB, Roberts WC, Ferrans V J, Gralnick HR, Bjornson BH. The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic considerations. Ann Intern Med 1982;97:78. 7. Soltey GO, Maldonado JE, Gleich G J, et al. Endomyocardiopathy with eosinophilia. Mayo Clin Proc 1976;51:697. 8. Durack DT, Sumi SM, Klebanoff SJ. Neurotoxicity of human eosinophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979;76:1443. 9. Gleich G J, Frigas E, Loegering DA, Wassom DL, Steinmuller D. Cytotoxic properties of the eosinophil major basic protein. J lmmuno/ 1979;123:2925. 10. Parrillo JE, Fauci AS, Wolff SM. Therapy of the hypereosinophilic syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1978;89:167.
An extracellular beta-propeller module predicted in lipoprotein and scavenger receptors, tyrosine kinases, epidermal growth factor precursor, and extracellular matrix components.

An abundant, widely dispersed, extracellular sequence repeat that contains a consensus YWTD motif is shown here to occur in groups of six contiguous repeats. Thirteen lines of evidence, including experimental and computational data, predict with p<3x10(-9) that the repeats do not form tandem domains, but rather each group of six repeats folds into a compact beta-propeller structure. The six beta-sheets are arranged about a 6-fold pseudosymmetry axis, and each repeat contributes loops to the faces surrounding the pseudosymmetry axis. Seven different endocytic receptors that contain from one to eight YWTD beta-propeller domains act as lipoprotein, vitellogenin, and scavenger receptors. In the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), the many mutations in familial hypercholesterolaemia that map to the YWTD domain can now be interpreted. In the extracellular matrix component nidogen, the YWTD domain functions to bind laminin. Three YWTD domains and interspersed fibronectin type III (FN3) domains constitute almost the entire extracellular domain of the sevenless and c-ros receptor tyrosine kinases. YWTD domains often are bounded by epidermal growth factor (EGF) modules, including in the EGF precursor itself. YWTD beta-propellers have a circular folding pattern that brings neighboring modules into close proximity, and may have important consequences for the architecture of multi-domain proteins.