cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Excited-state energy transfer pathways in photosynthetic reaction centers: 5. Oxidized and triplet excited special pairs as energy acceptors

In bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers, ultrafast singlet excited-state energy transfer occurs from the monomeric bacteriochlorophylls, B, and bacteriopheophytins, H, to the homodimer special pair, P, a pair of strongly interacting bacteriochlorophylls. Using fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy, energy transfer to the special pair can be monitored by observing the decay of 1 B emission and/or the rise of 1 P. We report 1 B decay kinetics following excitation in the H band in reaction centers where the homodimer and heterodimer (M202HL) special pairs are oxidized, P þ and D þ , respectively, and when the homodimer special pair is in the triplet state, 3 P. In wild type and the M71GL mutant (a carotenoid-less reaction center), the rates of 1 B decay when P þ and 3 P are present, (� 260 fs) � 1 and (� 235 fs) � 1 , respectively, are similar to that for energy transfer to 1 P( � 190 fs) � 1 in wild type measured by either the fluorescence decay of 1 B or the rise of 1 P. In contrast to the homodimer special pair in wild type where the energy transfer rates along the two branches are very similar, singlet energy transfer from the monomeric chromophores along the L and M branches to the heterodimer special pair is asymmetric and is slower along the L side. The 1 B decay in wild type is well described by a single rate constant of (� 190 fs) � 1 and in M202HL exhibits two components with rate constants (� 780 fs) � 1 and (� 250 fs) � 1 . In M202HL reaction centers containing D þ , 1 B decays with a single rate constant of (� 343 fs) � 1 ; hence, the energy transfer rates along the two branches become similar. Thus, while conversion of the special pair homodimer to a heterodimer breaks the symmetry of ultrafast energy transfer along the two branches of chromophores, symmetry can be restored by oxidizing the heterodimer special pair. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such dramatic alteration of energy transfer within a single reaction center protein. These findings bear on the mechanism of energy transfer in the reaction center and may provide insight into the differences in the electronic interactions on the L vs. M sides of the RC that are relevant to unidirectional electron transfer. 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Caloric Value of Wet Tropical Forest Vegetation

Energy values of tropical forest vegetation collected in the Republic of Panama differed significantly depending upon the type of forest and the vegetation part sampled. The pattern of difference was complex, with maximum values varying with the plant part and the forest type. Mangrove generally had higher values than other tropical forests. These observations support the earlier conclusion that tropical vegetation has lower energy values than temperate or alpine vegetation.
Requests: Knowledge and entitlement in writing tutoring

Abstract Contributing to research on request forms and their relation to the various dimensions of authority, this conversation analytic study examines how the tutee requests for the tutor's help during the agenda-setting phase of writing tutoring interactions. In particular, this study analyzes two distinct request forms (e.g., I don't know x vs. I want x) used by the tutee and argues that the tutee invokes the domains of knowledge and entitlement as meaningful alternatives in making a request. The data consist of approximately 14 h of video-recordings collected at a U.S. university writing center. The investigation shows how the interactional goal (e.g., knowledge development) as well as the external reality (e.g., writing stage) are conveyed and utilized in real time interactions.
Psychosis in a Pediatric Mood and Anxiety Disorders Clinic: Phenomenology and Correlates

ABSTRACT Objectives To examine the demographics and phenomenology of psychosis in a sample of children and adolescents referred to a mood and anxiety disorders clinic. Method Patients (N = 2,031) were assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present Episode version and classified as definite, probable, or nonpsychotic. Clinical and demographic characteristics of the groups were compared, and symptoms of psychosis were analyzed using factor analysis. Results Definite psychotic symptoms were seen in approximately 90 (4.5%) patients: 80% of these reported hallucinations (mainly auditory), 22% delusions, and 3.3% thought disorder. Of the patients with definite psychotic symptoms, 24% had bipolar disorder, 41% had major depression, 21% had subsyndromal depression, and 14% had schizophrenia spectrum disorders (schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders). Factor analysis of the definite psychotic symptoms yielded 4 factors: hallucinations, thought disorder, delusions, and manic thought disorder. Psychotic patients had a higher frequency of comorbid disorders and suicidal ideation than nonpsychotic patients. Conclusions Outpatient youngsters with mood disorders frequently present with psychotic symptoms, in particular auditory hallucinations. These patients commonly have comorbid psychiatric disorders and suicidal ideation.
A Simple Model of Flow-Sediment-Organism Interaction

Abstract Previous models of organism-sediment interaction have been limited primarily to eddy diffusion-type mixing. While such models are useful in interpreting some stratigraphic records, they cannot be expected to provide mechanistic insights into the diversity of interactions among sedimentary processes, organism activities, and boundary layer flows. To provide a more general formulation capable of dealing with all three types of processes in concert, a simple, discrete-time Markov model is generated. This version of the model deals explicitly only with particulate and not liquid phases. The initial formulation is a two-compartment, ergodic model of deposit feeding. Particle selection by deposit feeders results in incorporation of the selected particles into fecal pellets, and fecal pellet disaggregation completes the cycle. Particles which are more strongly selected or which are incorporated into more robust pellets thus spend more time and reach higher relative concentration in the fecal-pellet compartment. The next level of complexity is achieved by adding burial from the “free” sediment (non-fecal-pellet) compartment. This model predicts that particles which are more strongly selected or incorporated into more robust fecal pellets will have greater residence times in surficial sediments (both pellets and “free” sediments) before they become part of the stratigraphic record, and will therefore achieve higher concentrations in surficial sediments than will less preferred particles. The full flow-sediment-organism system is reached by adding the potential for lateral advection of particles. The probability of such advection is allowed to differ between pellets and “free” sediments. Increasing selection and robustness of fecal pellets then can either increase or decrease relative concentration and residence time of a given particle type in surficial sediments. The model thus provides a means of explaining differences in stratigraphic patterns among materials deposited simultaneously. It also suggests that deposit-feeder selection may increase the average age (i.e., time since initial deposition) of surficial sediments by maintaining preferred particle types near the surface. Selection may likewise control the texture of surficial sediments-in a manner which is easily confused with purely physical sorting. Parameters which require careful measurement in testing these simple predictions are selectivity by deposit feeders (probability of selection), rate of fecal-pellet breakdown under realistically simulated conditions (probability of pelletal disaggregation), differential erodibilities of pellets versus “free” sediments (relative probabilities of lateral advection), and rates of burial of “free” sediments versus pelletized sediments (probabilities of burial).
Cytotoxicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in HeLa Cell Culture

In an investigation of the effect of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on epithelial cells in vitro, HeLa cells in slide culture chambers were inoculated with washed bacteria and several bacterial preparations. Preparations tested included live and heat-killed whole cells, unconcentrated culture filtrates, whole-cell lysates and their supernatant fluids, and supernatant fluids taken from HeLa cell monolayers previously inoculated with live bacteria. Slide cultures were evaluated at 3 and 5 hr by light microscopy and, in a few instances, by electron microscopy (live preparations) or at 24 hr by light microscopy (nonviable preparations). Live V. parahaemolyticus had a rapid cytotoxic effect that did not appear to be due to cellular invasion. The nonviable preparations had no effect on HeLa cells. The results demonstrate that V. parahaemolyticus is rapidly cytotoxic to epithelial cells in vitro and suggest that the presence of live organisms may be required for its enteropathogenicity.
Congenital Monomelic Hypertrophy With Progressive Myopathy

• We describe a patient with congenital monomelic hypertrophy who later developed progressive footdrop due to a degenerative myopathy. The clinical, electrophysiologic, and pathologic features of the case are described and compared with those of a previously reported case.
Directed therapy of subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer.

Indevelopedcountries,therehasbeenaremarkableimprovement in mortality from breast cancer, but almost all of that benefit has occurred in the estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2 subsets. Triple-negative breast cancer, defined as tumors that are negative for ER, progesterone receptor, and HER-2, represent a minority of breast cancers. However, because of the poor prognosis in this particular subtype, triple-negative disease accounts for a disproportionate number of metastatic cases and breast cancer deaths. While chemotherapy is effective in triple-negative disease, research continues to better target therapies and predict prognosis. Recent studies
Functional Significance of Sialidase During Influenza Virus Multiplication: an Electron Microscope Study

Morphological evidence has been obtained by electron microscopy in support of previous findings that one of the most important functions of sialidase is associated with the release of virus from infected host cells. Highly specific antiserum against fowl plague virus enzyme and specific antiserum against X7 recombinant influenza virus enzyme were shown to influence the morphology of cells infected with their homologous virus. In the presence of enzyme antiserum, an accumulation and aggregation of virus particles were evident on the cell surface and in the extracellular space of infected host cells. The aggregation of virus particles was interpreted to result from the inhibition of the release of virus.
Correlation of Radiographic Imaging and Histopathology Following Cryoablation and Radio Frequency Ablation for Renal Tumors

Purpose: Followup after radio frequency ablation and cryotherapy for small renal lesions lacks pathological analysis. The definition of successful tumor ablation has been the absence of contrast enhancement on posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography. We hypothesized that adding post-ablation kidney biopsy would help confirm treatment success.Materials and Methods: From April 2002 to March 2006 a total of 109 renal lesions in 88 patients were ablated with percutaneous radio frequency ablation and from September 1997 to January 2006 a total of 192 lesions in 176 patients were treated with laparoscopic cryoablation. Patients were followed with radiographic imaging and post-ablation biopsy at 6 months.Results: Radiographic success at 6 months was 85% (62 cases) and 90% (125) for radio frequency ablation and cryoablation, respectively. At 6 months 134 lesions (45%) were biopsied and success in the radio frequency ablation cohort decreased to 64.8% (24 cases), while cryoablation succ...
Muscle injuries and repair: The role of prostaglandins and inflammation

Skeletal muscle injuries are a common problem in trauma and orthopaedic surgery. Muscle injuries undergo the healing phases of degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis. Current and experimental therapies to improve muscle regeneration and limit muscle fibrosis include conservative and surgical principles with the adjuvant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and growth factor manipulation. NSAIDs appear to have a paradoxical effect on the healing of muscle injuries with early signs of improvement and subsequent late impairment in functional capacity and histology. In vitro and in vivo studies have explored the role of the cyclooxygenases and prostaglandins in the biological processes of healing muscle, including precursor cell activation, myoblast proliferation, myoblast fusion, and muscle protein synthesis. Through use of more specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors, we may be able to better understand the role of inflammation in muscle healing.
Graft copolymers from star‐shaped and hyperbranched polystyrene macromonomers

Branched polystyrene macromonomers were synthesized by the slow addition of a stoichiometric amount of either 4-(chlorodimethylsilyl)styrene or vinylbenzyl chloride as a coupling agent to living polystyryllithium. Star-shaped macromonomers were produced by the addition of the coupling agent alone, and hyperbranched macromonomers resulted from the addition of the coupling agent along with styrene monomer. Star and hyperbranched graft copolymers were produced by the copolymerization of the macromonomers with styrene and methyl methacrylate. The copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and Soxhlet extraction to determine that the macromonomers were incorporated in high yields into the copolymers.
Principle of Demographic Gravitation to Estimate Annual Average Daily Traffic: Comparison of Statistical and Neural Network Models

This paper focuses on the application of the principle of demographic gravitation to estimate link-level annual average daily traffic (AADT) based on land-use characteristics. According to the principle, the effect of a variable on AADT of a link decreases with an increase in distance from the link. The spatial variations in land-use characteristics were captured and integrated for each study link using the principle of demographic gravitation. The captured land-use characteristics and on-network characteristics were used as independent variables. Traffic count data available from the permanent count stations in the city of Charlotte, North Carolina, were used as the dependent variable to develop statistical and neural network models. Negative binomial count statistical models (with log-link) were developed as data were observed to be over-dispersed while neural network models were developed based on a multilayered, feed-forward, back-propagation design for supervised learning. The results obtained indicate that statistical and neural network models ensured significantly lower errors when compared to outputs from traditional four-step method used by regional modelers. Overall, the neural network model yielded better results in estimating AADT than any other approach considered in this research. The neural network approach can be particularly suitable for their better predictive capability, whereas the statistical models could be used for mathematical formulation or understanding the role of explanatory variables in estimating AADT.
Glass plastic cast

waterproof, pIastic cast that in most respects met the requirements. The cIinica1 effectiveness of this type of pIastic cast has aheady been estabhshed by appIication to a substantia1 number of patients at the United States NavaI HospitaI, as reported by KuIowski, French, and Erickson.2 In brief, the bandage then reported and the improved form to be discussed here is a knitted, a11 pIastic bandage which, after being wetted with setting soIution, hardens into a rigid cast. The pIastic bandage previousIy reported had many outstanding advantages, such There were, however, a few drawbacks. For exampIe, considerabIe care was required in its appIication, especiaIIy to avoid applying the bandage under tension, which sometimes Ied to contraction of the cast. The spraying on of the setting Iiquid required considerabIe time. By modifying the composition of the origina bandage, these fauIts have been eliminated, and the desirabIe characteristics of the bandage have not onIy been retained but even bettered. The modification which has made this major improvement possibIe is the substi-
Environmental impact assessment of different design schemes of an industrial ecosystem

Industrial ecosystem is an important approach for sustainable development. In an industrial ecosystem, a group of industries are inter-connected through mass and energy exchanges for mutual benefits. However, some mass and energy exchange activities may cause unexpected environmental impacts. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate the environmental impacts of the symbiosis in order to provide a clear guidance for the decision-makers and stakeholders. The agro-chemical complex in the Lower Mississippi River Corridor with thirteen chemical and petrochemical industries emits huge amount of carbon dioxide. A bi-level design methodology is used to reconfigure this complex for utilizing surplus carbon dioxide. By using a superstructure-based approach, a new design scheme for this industrial ecosystem is proposed. In this paper, an LCA-type environmental impact assessment of different design schemes for this complex is conducted using the software TRACI, a tool developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This analysis compares various environmental impacts of different designs and identifies the potential trade-offs in different environmental impact categories. This information provides deep insight about the environmental sustainability of industrial ecosystems and facilitates the development of the most eco-effective symbiosis for recycle, reuse and resource conservation.
Firm-Created Word-of-Mouth Communication: Evidence from a Field Test

In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of a firm's proactive management of customer-to-customer communication. We are particularly interested in understanding how, if at all, the firm should go about effecting meaningful word-of-mouth (WOM) communications. To tackle this problem, we collect data from two sources: (1) we implement a large-scale field test in which a national firm created word of mouth through two populations: customers and noncustomers, and (2) we collect data from an online experiment. We break our theoretical problem into two subproblems. First, we ask: “What kind of WOM drives sales?” Motivated by previous research, we hypothesize that for a product with a low initial awareness level, WOM that is most effective at driving sales is created by less loyal (not highly loyal) customers and occurs between acquaintances (not friends). We find support for this in the field test as well as in an experimental setting. Hence, we demonstrate the potential usefulness of exogenously created WOM: conversations are created where none would naturally have occured otherwise. Then, we ask: “Which agents are most effective at creating this kind of WOM?” In particular, we are interested in evaluating the effectiveness of the commonly used opinion leader designation. We find that although opinion leadership is useful in identifying potentially effective spreaders of WOM among very loyal customers, it is less useful for the sample of less loyal customers.
An Extended Model of Knowledge-Flow Dynamics

The modern enterprise depends upon timely and effective flows of knowledge through its organizations for success. But knowledge is not evenly distributed through the enterprise, and a dearth of information systems is available to enable such timely and effective flows. Further, the few theoretical knowledge-flow models available have not yet been developed to a point where they can effectively inform the design of information systems and business processes to support knowledge flow in the enterprise. A survey of current practice shows that such system and process design is accomplished principally by trial and error, one of the least effective approaches known. The research described in this article builds upon and extends current theory about knowledge flow. It focuses in particular on investigating flow dynamics to inform the design of information systems and business processes to enhance the flow of knowledge through the enterprise. Leveraging the good understanding of flows in other domains, we strive to extend theory that can lead to "devices" of considerable utility in the enterprise knowledge domain. The result is a four-dimensional, dynamic model that can be used to classify and visualize a diversity of knowledge-flow patterns through the enterprise. These patterns can, in turn, be analyzed to inform the design of useful information systems and business processes. The implications of this dynamic model are explored and a number of hypotheses are generated to motivate and guide future research into the phenomenology of knowledge flow.
CPI assessment using a novel characterization technique based on bump-assisted scratch-indentation testing

Integration of compliant and brittle ultralow-k (ULK) interlayer dielectric (ILD) materials in advanced backend-of-line (BEOL) layer stacks requires a careful characterization of the mechanical stability of the BEOL stack to assure reliability during chip packaging and under field condition. We present a novel experimental technique which applies normal and shear forces on Cu pillars to test the stability of BEOL layer stacks beneath individual pillars. Critical forces and displacements are recorded with high sensitivity. The test directly verifies if the BEOL withstands the applied stress levels or if mechanical failure occurs.
Universal reporting laws and child maltreatment report rates in large U.S. counties

The effects of universal mandated reporting laws on child maltreatment reporting rates have not been systematically evaluated. To better understand the effects of universal reporting, the objectives of the present study are: (1) to evaluate the relationship of total and confirmed child maltreatment report rates with state universal reporting laws; (2) to determine whether demographic characteristics modify these effects; and (3) to assess whether these relationships, if any, hold with confirmed reports of specific child maltreatment types. We used county-level data from the U.S. National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System for the year 2000 in linear regression models to evaluate reporting rates for total reports, confirmed reports, and confirmed maltreatment types in a cross-sectional, ecological analysis. We compared these rates while controlling for child and community demographic variables such as child population size, gender, race, ethnicity, school attendance, disability, poverty, housing, high school graduation, parental marriage, religiosity, unemployment and crime. We found that counties in states with laws mandating that all adults must report suspected child maltreatment have significantly higher rates of total and confirmed reports even after controlling for several demographic characteristics previously associated with CM in the literature. However, among CM types, universal reporting was associated only with higher rates of confirmed neglect. Since it is unclear whether changing state law or policy will enhance case identification in states that do not currently require universal reporting, policymakers should consider whether universal reporting will meaningfully improve CM identification as they consider changes to state statutes.
Specific neuroendocrine mechanisms not involving generalized stress mediate social regulation of female reproduction in cooperatively breeding marmoset monkeys.

Competition within a social group can have dramatic consequences for an individual's fertility and fecundity. Social competition is certainly one of the major environmental selection pressures determining individual reproductive success. ' Recently, increasing numbers of studies employing genetic criteria have supported the principle that reproductive benefits accrue to socially dominant individual^?,^ At the proximate level, dominant females have traditionally been thought to gain reproductive advantages over subordinate females as a result of (1) harassment-induced stress inhibiting ovulation in subordinate females (e.g., cynomolgus monkeys, Macacafascicularis)$ (2) harassment-related pregnancy loss or infant loss suffered by subordinates (e.g., yellow baboons, Papio cynocephalu~),~.~ or ( 3 ) exclusion of subordinate females from resources crucial for successful reproduction, such as food (e.g., red deer, Cervus e l e p h ~ s ) ~ or 'helpers' to raise offspring (e.g., saddle back tamarins, Saguinus fuscicollis).8 Such dominance-driven harassment or exclusion exploits the generalized inhibitory reproductive responses that most vertebrate species show to chronic physiological stress, whether it is derived psychologically (i.e., harassment) or environmen-
Accurately interpreting clickthrough data as implicit feedback

This paper examines the reliability of implicit feedback generated from clickthrough data in WWW search. Analyzing the users' decision process using eyetracking and comparing implicit feedback against manual relevance judgments, we conclude that clicks are informative but biased. While this makes the interpretation of clicks as absolute relevance judgments difficult, we show that relative preferences derived from clicks are reasonably accurate on average.
Prevention of toxicity from oral cocaine by activated charcoal in mice

Study objective: To study the effectiveness of activated charcoal in preventing toxicity after an enterally administered cocaine hydrochloride overdose in mice. Design: A prospective, randomized, controlled animal laboratory investigation. Interventions: Fasted mice were given aqueous cocaine hydrochloride (0.8% final concentration) 100 mg/kg body weight orally by gavage tube. One minute later, animals received one of three treatments by gavage: 1 g activated charcoal/kg body weight, 2 g activated charcoal/kg body weight, or an equivolume of water (control). All treatments consisted of 20 mL/kg body weight of an activated charcoal slurry with water. Measurements: After 24-hour observation, proportions of seizures and deaths between each group were compared using Pearson χ 2 test followed by Fisher's exact test ( P Main results: There were 20 seizures and 16 deaths in the control group (20 mice). There were four seizures ( P = .0004) and one death ( P = .0004) in the 1-g activated charcoal/kg group (ten mice) and five seizures ( P = .0018) and three deaths ( P = .015) in the 2-g activated charcoal/kg group (ten mice). Conclusion: In this mouse model, activated charcoal decreased the incidence of seizures and death after an enteral cocaine hydrochloride overdose.
A process model analysis of environmental limitations on the growth of Sitka spruce plantations in Great Britain

Summary The extent to which growth is limited by climatic factors or soil fertility is of significance to foresters concerned with the management of Sitka spruce plantations throughout Great Britain. A simplified physiologically based model, driven with monthly weather data, provided a means to assess growth limitations imposed by solar radiation, subfreezing and suboptimal temperatures, soil drought and atmospheric vapour pressure deficits, wind and soil fertility at sites differing in maximum wood volume production by fourfold. To drive the model, conventional weather station data were extrapolated to provide estimates of precipitation, solar radiation, vapour pressure deficits, suboptimal temperatures and frequency of subfreezing conditions. Variation in solar radiation associated with topography accounted for nearly half the differences observed in plantation growth. Unfavourable temperatures reduced annual photosynthesis and growth only by 10‐15 per cent as they occur primarily in months with limited solar radiation. Drought and vapour pressure deficits do not appear to offer major constraints on growth. Soil fertility, however, significantly limited growth on a number of sites. The modelling approach provides a measure of nutrient availability by predicting the maximum accumulation of nitrogen in the canopy. The modelling analysis suggests that foresters could improve forecasts of Sitka spruce plantation growth throughout the UK with better estimates of solar radiation and canopy nitrogen content than with more conventional sets of measurements.
The Selection of Gifted Students Did Malcolm Gladwell Overstate the Role of Relative Age in the Gifted Program Selection Process

Both gifted educators and parents need to be vigilant as to how gifted education is characterized in the popular media. Gifted educators spend countless resources to meet the needs of gifted students using very limited fiscal resources, and it is imperative that those efforts are not undermined in the popular media by unsubstantiated statements. This study addresses one such statement and is presented as encouragement to document and defend the actions of gifted educators when the popular media attempts to discredit the field.
DO REMNANT OLD-GROWTH TREES ACCELERATE RATES OF SUCCESSION IN MATURE DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS?

Biological legacies left by natural disturbances provide ecological functions throughout forest stand development, but their influences on processes of ecological suc- cession are not completely understood. We investigated the successional role of one type of biological legacy: remnant old-growth trees persisting in mature Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) forests in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. We tested the hypothesis that remnant old-growth Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock) and Thuja plicata (western red cedar) trees enhance the reestablishment of shade-tolerant conifers by increasing the availability of seed. Reestablishment of shade-tolerant conifers is a key process in late-successional forest development because it leads to vertical differentiation of the canopy and eventual codominance of shade-tolerant species. Two study areas were selected in the southern Washington Cascade Range, USA. Both had an unfragmented, mature forest cover that was regenerated naturally following wildfire. Twelve study sites were selected, including sites with and without remnant T. plicata and T. heterophylla. Overstory structure and com- position, microsite variables, and conifer regeneration were systematically sampled using nested belt transects and quadrats. Sites with remnant T. heterophylla and T. plicata had significantly higher densities of conspecific seedlings. Multivariate analyses showed rem- nant T. heterophylla and T. plicata presence and density to be the strongest predictors of seedling densities, although the basal area of mature conspecific trees, relative density, aspect, stand age, and microsite characteristics were important secondary predictors. Mi- crosite variations explained regeneration patchiness. Seedling densities were strongly cor- related with proximity to remnant trees, exhibiting a negative exponential decline with distance. Shade-tolerant conifers are likely to reestablish faster at sites with remnant seed trees, but canopy disturbances are probably necessary for subsequent height growth. Rem- nant shade-tolerant conifers are an important biological legacy and seed source influencing rates of ecological succession in mature P. menziesii stands. Successional and stand de- velopment models should explicitly incorporate this dynamic.
Members of a family of JmjC domain-containing oncoproteins immortalize embryonic fibroblasts via a JmjC domain-dependent process

A common integration site, cloned from MoMuLV-induced rat T cell lymphomas, was mapped immediately upstream of Not dead yet-1 (Ndy1)/KDM2B, a gene expressed primarily in testis, spleen, and thymus, that is also known as FBXL10 or JHDM1B. Ndy1 encodes a nuclear, chromatin-associated protein that harbors Jumonji C (JmjC), CXXC, PHD, proline-rich, F-box, and leucine-rich repeat domains. Ndy1 and its homolog Ndy2/KDM2A (FBXL11 or JHDM1A), which is also a target of provirus integration in retrovirus-induced lymphomas, encode proteins that were recently shown to possess Jumonji C-dependent histone H3 K36 dimethyl-demethylase or histone H3 K4 trimethyl-demethylase activities. Here, we show that mouse embryo fibroblasts engineered to express Ndy1 or Ndy2 undergo immortalization in the absence of replicative senescence via a JmjC domain-dependent process that targets the Rb and p53 pathways. Knockdown of endogenous Ndy1 or expression of JmjC domain mutants of Ndy1 promote senescence, suggesting that Ndy1 is a physiological inhibitor of senescence in dividing cells and that inhibition of senescence depends on histone H3 demethylation.
Review and future prospects for DNA barcoding methods in forensic palynology

Pollen can be a critical forensic marker in cases where determining geographic origin is important, including investigative leads, missing persons cases, and intelligence applications. However, its use has previously been limited by the need for a high level of specialization by expert palynologists, slow speeds of identification, and relatively poor taxonomic resolution (typically to the plant family or genus level). By contrast, identification of pollen through DNA barcoding has the potential to overcome all three of these limitations, and it may seem surprising that the method has not been widely implemented. Despite what might seem a straightforward application of DNA barcoding to pollen, there are technical issues that have delayed progress. However, recent developments of standard methods for DNA barcoding of pollen, along with improvements in high-throughput sequencing technology, have overcome most of these technical issues. Based on these recent methodological developments in pollen DNA barcoding, we believe that now is the time to start applying these techniques in forensic palynology. In this article, we discuss the potential for these methods, and outline directions for future research to further improve on the technology and increase its applicability to a broader range of situations.
Mitigation of Adverse Effect of False Data Injection in Optimally Controlled Smart Grid

The ‘smart grid’ is one of the largest critical infrastructure systems of any nation. Preventing the grid from data integrity attacks is vital for reliable operation of the grid. Various Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and other intelligent electronic devices play crucial role in real-time operations of the grid. Control actions are taken based on information received from such devices. However, all these modern measurement systems communicate with the control center via wireless network making them vulnerable to several security threats, data integrity attack being one of them. This paper addresses the issues associated with the injection of malicious data into the measurements. A model based ‘trustiness’ technique has been proposed to mitigate the adverse effect of such attacks in the performance of the electrical power grid. The proposed method has been demonstrated using the IEEE 14-bus test system.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon following colles fracture.

Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon occurs occasionally following a fracture of the distal end of the radius. Rupture is probably due to damage to the tendon at time of fracture by the sharp edges of the fracture fragments with further attrition of tendon strength by aseptic necrosis of a section of the tendon. The loss of tendon substance due to degeneration may be sufficiently great to necessitate tendon transfer. The extensor indicis proprius tendon can be used for transfer without loss of strength in the index finger, and it has adequate power to produce apparently normal extension of the thumb. Satisfactory transfer can be obtained by the use of pullout wise sutures according to the technique described by Bunnell.
Primary Pulmonary Synovial Sarcoma

Primary sarcoma of the lung and/or pleural cavity is a rare finding accounting for <0.5% of all thoracic malignancies. Histologically, mesothelioma predominates in this subcategory of neoplasms; its relationship to asbestos exposure and cigarette smoking is well documented. Other tumor types include fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. Standard evaluation with bronchoscopy and radiographically guided biopsy are frequently nondiagnostic and require open biopsy to provide an adequate tissue sample.
Flight Manoeuvre and Spin Characteristics of the Harvard 4: Application to Human Factors Flight Research

The rear cockpit of the Harvard Mk IV aeroplane of the NRC Flight Research Laboratory has been re-equipped with a ‘glass’ cockpit, consisting of an LCD flat panel display screen, which is used as a head-down (HD) primary flight display (PFD), together with a data acquisition system and an advanced inertial measurement unit, the integration of which was conducted at the NRC. The PFD has been configured with a number of attitude-direction indicator (ADI) displays and a flight research programme conducted into the suitability of the displays for aiding unusual attitude (UA) recoveries. The UA recovery research programme used a range of UA entry techniques, which stimulated the vestibular system axes diversely – some sub-perceptible angular rates, some high angular accelerations and rates, coupled with a range of gravitoinertial force (GIF) vector orientations, which stimulated the vestibular and otolith organs variously. The entry techniques used the manoeuvre capability of the Harvard to the maximum extent. The general manoeuvre characteristics of the Harvard in pitch and roll are noted and idiosyncratic characteristics discussed. Of particular interest is the limitation placed upon roll-rate controllability by the propensity of the tapered wing to suffer wingtip/aileron uppersurface flow separation, which results in aileron overbalance (hinge moment reversal) and loss of roll damping. However, this wing-stall characteristic could possibly be a contributory reason why the NRC Harvard could be sustained in a low-α spin mode (almost like a ‘suspended’ spin recovery). The low-α spin mode is high rotation, most noticeably high rollrate (≈200°s -1 ). The spin mode was identified during a spin research flight programme, and has potential application to the simulation of sustained high roll rate tactical manoeuvring and post-rotation transition to hypergravity, for research into the physiological factors involved in spatial disorientation events.
The stability of interfaces in high-temperature metal-matrix composites

The interface between the matrix and the reinforcement is an area of great importance in the design of viable high-temperature metal-matrix composites (MMCs). Thorough understanding of the phenomena taking place at the interface is necessary to ensure reliable performance, but the thermodynamic data that would help to predict interfacial reactions are lacking for many systems. However, given certain knowledge, interfaces can be classified according to their stability, providing a tool for composites designers and an impetus for further fundamental work. This article describes the classification system and provides examples of interfacial behavior in a titanium-based material.
Antibodies to Mycoplasma in Sera of Leukemic Patients.

SummaryStudies were done to test whether virus neutralization technics were useful for detecting antibodies in patients' sera that prevented the growth and cytopathic effect (CPE) of mycoplasma isolated from bone marrow specimens of leukemic and non-leukemic patients. A standard virus neutralization technic was satisfactory for special laboratory studies but unsatisfactory for large-scale serologic surveys. Sera from leukemic and nonleukemic patients prevented mycoplasma CPE and growth. Evidence was presented that the CPE neutralizing serum component was complement-dependent, appears to have a seasonal occurrence, and may be a “normal serum antibody.” Sera from children and adults with leukemia about twice as frequently neutralized mycoplasma CPE as sera from normal controls. No correlative pattern was observed between clinical stage of leukemia, chemotherapy, and occurrence of “antibodies” to the test mycoplasma. The problem of interpreting such results was discussed.
FiRST and foremost: advances in science and technology impacting neurologic physical therapy.

That the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) convene a Summit in or by 2010 with annual reports to the House of Delegates that shall focus on how physical therapists can meet current, evolving, and future societal health care needs. The consideration of innovative process, technology, or practice models by this Summit on Physical Therapy and Society shall not be constrained by existing law, regulation, education, or reimbursement policy. Summit participants shall include but not be limited to leaders within: physical therapy, health policy, public policy, academia, engineering, bioscience, theology, and information technology.1
Numerical simulation of periodic suction and blowing control of vortex breakdown on a delta wing

A subsonic’ flowfield about a delta wing configuration is generated numerically in order to simulate the interaction between a leading-edge vortex and periodic leading-edge suction and blowing with zero-net mass. The computations are for a delta wing with a 70” sweep angle and a leading-edge slot with sinusoidal blowing and suction. Solutions are obtained on an unstructured mesh system by time integration of the unsteady three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations with a laminar flow assumption. The Reynolds number is 200,000 which matches wind tunnel experiments. Details of the computations for the delta wing without periodic suction/ blowing are summarized, and the accuracy of numerical results ‘are assessed via grid resolution and studies of numerical parameters related to time-step size. The location of vortex breakdown for both with and without maas injection are computed at an angle of attack, a = 35”, and several periodic blowing/suction parameters to assess its utility in controlling the vortex breakdown phenomenon. Features of the Aowfields are described, and comparisons are made between the respective solutions and companion experimental results.
Effect of canard deflection on enhanced lift for a close-coupled-canard configuration

A wind-tunnel study was carried out to consider the effect of canard deflection on optimal lift enhancement for a close-coupled-canard configuration. Lift and drag measurements and surface-flow-visualization results are presented. The optimal deflection of the canard generally increased the coefficient of lift by 4% over the zero-deflection case. Yet this 4% increase in the total lift coefficient equalled up to 40% of the total lift enhancement. Flowvisualization studies indicated that the enhancing mechanism differed for the low-angle-ofattack, pre-stall case (first stall) as compared to the post-stall, high-angle-of-attack case where a strong wing vortex existed. Maximum enhancement occurred at the first stall, where the lift coefficient was increased by 34% after taking account the added reference area.
Prevalence survey on the dietary behaviors and physical activities of students in 16 high schools in Qidong

[Objective] To collect information of daily dietary behavior and physical activities of Qidong adolescents.[Methods] A questionnaire titled "Jiangsu youth related behavior survey" was used among 4 051 students selected from 10 middle schools,5 high schools and 1 middle occupation training school in Qidong. [Results] Among the surveyed students,32.24% of them had drunk more than 1 sweet beverage pre day for 30 days preceding the survey,male students drank much more than female students(P0.05).About 30.41% of the students had eaten candy,chocolate or other sweet food once or more every day during the 7 days preceding the survey,56.16 % of them had drunk less than one glassful of milk,24.07% of them did not take breakfast every day,female students were significantly predominent than male students in these unhealthy dietary behaviors(P0.01).Only 8.10% of the surveyed students had participated physical activities for more than 1 hour per day,and 7.83% of them played electrical games for more than 2 hours per day,males predominant.46.51% of them did their homework for more than 2 hours per day,especially junior middle school students,and female students were significantly predominant.24.34% of them watched TV for more than 2 hours daily. [Conclusion] It is necessary to educate the students to take healthy diet and have more physia1 activities.
Optical simulator of the quantum Fourier transform

Experimental realizations of the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) are currently limited to qubits, which limits experimental tests of theoretical predictions of QFT performance under various noise conditions and their scaling in n. As a possible strategy to overcome this limitation, we show that an exact one-to-one correspondence exists between the QFT and a specially designed optical grating with a curved screen. This device allows the experimental simulation of the QFT, including defects, up to qubit numbers around n = 20, not currently accessible to direct quantum experimentation. The experimental realizability of the device is discussed.
Experimental Aspects of 17 O Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

Some general guide lines are discussed for recording nmr spectra of the central transition (m-l/2↔-l/2, for spin I>1 nuclei) for the case of strong quadrupolar interaction. Solutions leading to increase of signal to noise ratio in 17O, or other quadrupolar nuclei, solid-state nmr spectroscopy are presented. Substantial increment in S/N ratio (up to 4 times) is demonstrated.
Plutarch's Politics: Between City and Empire

Plutarch's Lives were once treasured. Today they are studied by classicists, known vaguely, if at all, by the educated public, and are virtually unknown to students of ancient political thought. The central claim of this book is that Plutarch shows how the political form of the city can satisfy an individual's desire for honor, even under the horizon of empire. Plutarch's argument turns on the difference between Sparta and Rome. Both cities stimulated their citizens' desire for honor, but Sparta remained a city by linking honor to what could be seen first-hand, whereas Rome became an empire by liberating honor from the shackles of the visible. Even under the rule of a distant power, however, allegiances and political actions tied to the visible world of the city remained. By resurrecting statesmen who thrived in autonomous cities, Plutarch hoped to rekindle some sense of the city's enduring appeal.
Vitamin D: a calciotropic hormone regulating calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation.

Background: Most biologically active forms of vitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) and its analogs have functions and therapeutic potential that extend beyond those of regulating bone mineralization and intestinal calcium transport. Objective: We attempt to provide the rationale for the effectiveness of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and its analogs in dermatology. Methods: The recent literature on the mechanisms of action of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 were reviewed. Results: 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 affects keratinocyte differentiation partly through its regulation of epidermal responsiveness to calcium. Calcium and 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 interact in transcription of the genes required for differentiation and in the stability of the mRNAs produced from such genes. Conclusion: An understanding of these mechanisms provides a rationale for treatment of various skin diseases with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and its analogs and directs development of more effective therapy.