cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on law of wax appearance and disappearance in high wax content oil production

This article studied the law of wax appearance and disappearance of high wax content crude oil in wellbore and reservoir by using the latest laser testing system.The results indicate that the wax appearance point(WAP) of live oil is lower than that of dead oil.The WAP of crude oil reduces as the pressure drops when the bottom pressure is higher than the bubble point pressure.The WAP of crude oil rises as the pressure drops when the bottom pressure is lower than the bubble point pressure.The wax disappearance point(WDP) is higher than that of WAP under the formation condition.
Study on DNA barcoding technology applied in rapid molecular identification of bloodsucking midges in port

Objective To improve the efficiency and accuracy of identification,establish the method for rapid molecular identification of bloodsucking midges in ports. Methods Selecting sampling points in ports,and collecting the bloodsucking midges. After morphological identification,the genomic DNA was extracted from single midge. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I( COI) gene was amplified with primers designed by us. After electrophoretic analysis,the PCR products were sequenced bidirectionally. After sequences analysis,there were the primer sequences and instability sequences. The sequences were submitted to the database of NCBI and BOLD. Results 12 new sequences were sent to the GenBank( accession no. KF528689- KF528700). The COI sequence of Lasiohelea taiwana filled the gaps of the NCBI database. Sequences obtained could distinguish many bloodsucking midges. Conclusion The rapid molecular identification method using DNA barcoding based bloodsucking midges COI gene can be applied to identify various species of blood-sucking midges.
Posting guidelines: a practical and effective way to promote appropriate hypertension treatment.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Despite publication and periodic updating of treatment guidelines, hypertension remains undertreated in the United States, and physicians underuse recommended drugs. Methods Hypertension treatment guidelines were summarized and posted in five places in a hospital-based primary care clinic staffed by internists and internal medicine residents. Costs and recommended doses of five commonly used antihypertensive drugs were included. The charts of all 253 patients seen during a four-month period with a diagnosis of hypertension were analyzed. Blood pressures and physician prescribing habits were compared at baseline and at 8, 12, and 16 months after posting the guidelines. Results The number of patients with blood pressures ≤ 140/90mm Hg increased from 41% to 58%, p = .001. Median (IQR) systolic pressure fell from 143 (119–167) to 137 (116–158)mm Hg, p Conclusion Regular exposure to clinical guidelines, presented in a practical and simple way, can change physician behavior and improve patient care.
Basic notions of phonetics

Introduction Phonetics deals with the study of the sounds used in the languages of the world. Its main goals are to catalog the existing sounds, to examine their acoustic properties, and to determine how they are produced and perceived by human beings. Thus, by its very nature, phonetics relates to a wide variety of disciplines: not only general linguistics, but also physics, biology (physiology and neurology), and psychology. Our own perspective in this chapter will be relatively narrowly circumscribed. First, we shall confine ourselves to what is traditionally known as articulatory phonetics (‘la phonetique articulatoire’), that is, the study of sound production at the level of the vocal cords and the cavities above the vocal cords (the supraglottal cavities). We shall not consider, for instance, acoustic phonetics or sound perception. Second, rather than aiming for a comprehensive review of the articulation of all the sounds, or even all the sound types, that have been documented in natural languages, we shall for the most part focus only on the knowledge of articulatory phonetics that is required in order to tackle the sound systems of French and English and their contrastive study. In sum, this chapter is simply devoted to an overview of the operation of the speech organs and to a presentation of the main articulatory parameters which permit the description, classification, and comparison of French and English sounds.
The Monster and the Sleeping Queen

Postmodern portfolio theory, as depicted in this book, provides an overarching view of abnormal markets and less than fully rational investor behavior. Whereas market abnormality could be described in terms of econophysics, complete understanding of investor irrationality demands knowledge of neuroscience, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology. A federal court has described agriculture as a field “so vast that fully to comprehend it would require an almost universal knowledge ranging from geology, biology, chemistry and medicine to the niceties of the legislative, judicial and administrative processes of government.”1 A comparable claim befits finance, particularly as it embraces the perspectives and methodologies of the behavioral sciences.
Analytical Techniques for Evaluating the Implementation of Adaptive Traffic Signal Control Systems

AbstractAdaptive traffic signal control (ATCS) reduces congestion, improves travel time reliability, and prolongs the effectiveness of traffic signal timing. The objective of this paper is to demon...
Emperor Hirohito’s Role During the Pacific War

(1993). Emperor Hirohito’s Role During the Pacific War. Chinese Historians: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 45-58.
Meaning Sensitive Psychotherapy: Binding Clinical, Existential, and Positive Psychological Perspectives

Meaning in life, defined as a sense of coherence and purpose that has personal, spiritual/self-transcendent, and implicit/normative-ethical components, plays an integral role in promoting psychological health, whether viewed from a clinical, existential, or positive psychological perspective. Clinical research focuses on the impact that one’s ability to make meaningful assumptions about self and world has on levels of anxiety, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, as well as the link between alleviation of depressive symptoms and a sense of purpose motivating activation of meaningful behaviors. Positive psychological research emphasizes the resiliency against psychopathology and positive emotions experienced by individuals with a strong sense of meaning in life. The existential tradition deals with the intrinsic value in facing the tension between absurdity and malevolence we encounter in the world and the pervasiveness and intricacy of our encounters with coherence and virtue. Insofar as the concept of meaning in life winds its way from symptom focused, clinical concerns, through aspects of resiliency and positive emotions, and finally to concerns that transcend the dichotomy between positive and negative states, sensitivity to this concept results in a well-rounded and farsighted framework for the conduct of psychotherapy. This framework promotes the alleviation of acute distress, remediation of vulnerabilities for such distress, enhancement of positive well-being beyond the mere absence of or resiliency against psychopathology, and contact with frequently unnoticed or avoided aspects of existence that stir self-transcendent motivation and emotion. This chapter reviews research findings and theory informing a meaning sensitive approach to psychological well-being, details a framework for applying these findings in the practice of psychotherapy, and, where appropriate, suggests useful research directions.
OS ÓRFÃOS DA ILHA DE LUANDA EM SE O PASSADO NÃO TIVESSE ASAS – OU A HISTÓRIA RECENTE DE UM VASTO SEGMENTO DA SOCIEDADE ANGOLANA

In Se o passado nao tivesse asas (2016), Pepetela invites readers to delve into postcolonial Angola. The recurrence of the topoi of orphanhood and scarcity serve as a framework for the analysis of the novel proposed here. This essay focuses on the trajectory of the protagonist – Himba / Sofia – to emphasize the social problems stemming from the civil war and the unequal distribution of wealth. The way in which the protagonist cuts ties with the past, this paper argues, is intimately related to her condition of orphan of war. The material success obtained by the main character is set against her emotional collapse, as if she were, at the end of the novel, afflicted by an orphanhood of another, emotional variety. Readers are called on to cast a critical gaze on the “dictatorship of greed” that holds sway in Angola today.
Bidirectional shake table testing of RC columns retrofitted and repaired with shape memory alloy spirals

Abstract Under the extreme threats of strong earthquakes, bridge columns are required to remain functional to ensure the safety and structural integrity of the entire bridge system. However, many existing bridges designed according to old seismic design provisions lack flexural ductility due to insufficient concrete confinement. Lack of confinement in old bridges is often addressed through providing supplementary external passive confinement. Recently, an active confinement technique using Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) has been proposed as a more effective alternative to conventional passive confinement methods. In this study, the application of SMA confinement in seismic retrofitting and emergency repair of RC bridge columns is examined experimentally through a series of shake table tests. Two 1/6-scale RC columns, retrofitted and repaired with SMA spirals, are tested simultaneously under bidirectional test motions with varying intensity. Test results show that SMA confinement is highly effective in mitigating the seismic damage and improving the seismic performance of retrofitted and repaired RC columns subjected to strong earthquakes.
Abstract P254: Is Obesity Associated With the Predicted 6-Month Mortality in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Acute Coronary Syndrome?

Introduction: The blunting of the expected improvement in cardiovascular health over the past decade has been attributed in part to the substantial increase in the prevalence of obesity. Atrial fib...
Race/Ethnicity and Social Adjustment of Adolescents: How (Not if) School Diversity Matters

In this article, I describe a program of research on the psychosocial benefits of racial/ethnic diversity in urban middle schools. It is hypothesized that greater diversity can benefit students' me...
Reactive metal–support interactions at moderate temperature in two-dimensional niobium-carbide-supported platinum catalysts

The reactive metal–support interaction (RMSI) offers electronic, geometric and compositional effects that can be used to tune catalytic active sites. Generally, supports other than oxides are disregarded as candidates for RMSI. Here, we report an example of non-oxide-based RMSI between platinum and Nb2CT x MXene—a recently developed, two-dimensional metal carbide. The surface functional groups of the two-dimensional carbide can be reduced, and a Pt–Nb surface alloy is formed at a moderate temperature (350 °C). Such an alloy exhibits weaker CO adsorption than monometallic platinum. Water-gas shift reaction kinetics reveals that the RMSI stabilizes the nanoparticles and creates alloy–MXene interfaces with higher H2O activation ability compared with a non-reducible support or a bulk niobium carbide. This RMSI between platinum and the niobium MXene support can be extended to other members of the MXene family and opens new avenues for the facile design and manipulation of functional bimetallic catalysts. Reactive metal–support interactions can tune the activity of heterogeneous catalysts, but have mainly been reported for oxide supports. Now, the metal–support interaction of platinum with MXenes at moderate temperature is reported, using the water-gas shift reaction as an example to showcase the properties of a representative catalyst.
Entropy-Based Individual/Community Mobility Model

We have described the entropy-based mobility model that is a good indicator for exploiting the mobility patterns of mobile nodes in mobile ad hoc networks including its application to the virtual space. We have articulated that the use of the entropy-based mobility model in community structure environment has enabled the classification of mobile environments in terms of mobility entropy and the development of the potential-based adaptive routing that has shown superior performance over the variable topology mobile ad hoc network. The entropy-based weighted cluster algorithm is described along with its optimization using Tabu search (TS) in the EWCA-TS algorithm that has enhanced network performances in the mobile ad hoc network.
Columbium-vanadium alloy system

On the basis of microscopic studies, melting-point observations, and X-ray analyses, a phase diagram is proposed for the Cb-V system. A complete series of solid solutions is formed with a minimum in the solidus at 1810°C near 35 wt pct Cb. No compounds or intermediate phases were found in the system above 650°C.
THE EFFECT OF DIETARY UREA ON THE PIG

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of urea in pig feeding. There are many reports in the literature dealing with the subject of urea in the diet of ruminant or polygastric animals. The number of publications relating to the effect of dietary urea on the pig is extremely limited. The chief reason for the paucity of literature on this subject is the fact that the pig is at a distinct disadvantage in utilizing urea as compared with animals with multiple stomachs. The monogastric pig has been provided by nature with a digestive tract that is poorly suited for the microbial fermentation that is necessary for good utilization of urea. This being the case, researchers have not found it expedient to expend much effort in using the pig as a research animal to study the utilization of dietary urea. It is a rather widely held belief that urea is markedly unpalatable and that its inclusion in the diet of an animal will consistently reduce feed intake. When the level of urea added to swine rations does not exceed 15%-20% protein equivalent, it does not have a depressing effect on daily feed intake. The effect of urea on appetite is influenced by the level and quality of protein in the ration being supplemented. Age of pigs fed also appears to be a factor, with young pigs being more sensitive to urea than older ones.
Applications of Remotely Sensed Data in Geoenvironmental Assessments

Remote sensing data and present-day analytical methods provide excellent tools for aiding in mineral resource and geoenvironmental assessments. Modem digital imaging systems, both airborne and satellite-borne, are providing a new array of coarse to fine spatial resolution and broad to narrow spectral resolution image data that are suitable for integration into geographic information systems (GIS). GIS evaluation of these data, along with information from many other sources, must be considered when conducting these assessment studies. The scope of remote sensing applications is changing from an emphasis of interpreting photographic images to data analysis and integration with other digital geospatial information. This integration substantially leverages the value of remotely sensed data, especially in the context of rapid growth and development of the quality and availability of digital information in general, and of satellite and airborne image information in particular. Various types of remotely sensed data have been used in mineral and environmental studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The scales of these applications have ranged from broad regional characterizations to local, site specific studies. Multispectral satellite data and airborne magnetic and radiometric data were compiled for the State of Montana, north-central USA. These layers of information were integrated to assist in identifYing areas at possible risk of surfacewater contamination by metals derived from past and present mining activity, from natural sources, or both. Imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral) data have been used by the USGS to effectively map the locations of acid-producing minerals at mine sites in the Leadville mining district of the Colorado Mineral Belt, west-central USA. Thermal infrared image data have been used to identifY source rocks of alluvial materials associated with environmental problems in national parks, and to produce maps of primary rock composition and alteration information. Together, these applications of remotely sensed information have been used to (1) identify areas of potential environmental concern at regional and local scales, (2) assist in prioritizing drainage basins for mitigation efforts, (3) prioritize mine waste piles within selected drainage basins for remediation, and (4) guide remedial work by mapping geologically favorable and unfavorable repository sites.
The impact of social media platform selection on effectively communicating about corporate social responsibility

ABSTRACTGiven the limited amount of research conducted to date on the content and effectiveness of social media-based CSR communication, this study has two core objectives. First, it explores which...
Implementing a Proactive Chat Widget in an Academic Library.

AbstractSometimes users need to be asked if they need help. This is difficult with online users, because in-person cues cannot be used to engage when the users need assistance. Proactive chat widge...
Regional and Multimodal Analgesia to Reduce Opioid Use after Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review:

BackgroundElective total joint arthroplasty may be a gateway to long-term opioid use.Questions/PurposeWe sought to review the literature on multimodal and regional analgesia as a strategy to minimi...
Negative Pressure Therapy for Management of the Open Abdomen

Indications for the open abdomen include damage-control laparotomy, abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), severe peritonitis, or need for second-look laparotomy to evaluate potentially compromised bowel (Fig. 33.1). In these situations, temporary abdominal closure (TAC) is performed. Contemporary techniques for TAC utilize negative pressure therapy and are designed to prevent evisceration, remove fluid from the abdominal cavity, and preserve abdominal domain. There are commercially available NPT devices, such as the ABThera© system, for TAC. Based on institutional availability, an alternative technique, called a Barker vacuum pack, can be constructed from local supplies. These systems have different mechanical properties. The ABThera© system maintains a more consistent negative pressure in the periphery and is more effective in removing peritoneal fluid than the Barker method. There is evidence that the ABThera© system is associated with better survival, decreased complications, and shorter time to definitive fascial closure than the improvised Barker vacuum pack.
The utility of cervical spine bracing as a postoperative adjunct to single-level anterior cervical spine surgery

Background Context: Use of cervical bracing/collar subsequent to anterior cervical spine discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is variable. Outcomes data regarding bracing after ACDF are limited. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the impact of bracing on short-term outcomes related to safety, quality of care, and direct costs in single-level ACDF. Study Design/Setting: This retrospective cohort analysis of all consecutive patients (n = 578) undergoing single-level ACDF with or without bracing from 2013 to 2017 was undertaken. Methods: Patient demographics and comorbidities were analyzed. Tests of independence (Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test), Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests, and logistic regressions were used to assess differences in length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition (home, assisted rehabilitation facility-assisted rehabilitation facility, or skilled nursing facility), quality-adjusted life year (QALY), surgical site infection (SSI), direct cost, readmission within 30 days, and emergency room (ER) visits within 30 days. Results: Among the study population, 511 were braced and 67 were not braced. There was no difference in graft type (P = 1.00) or comorbidities (P = 0.06–0.73) such as obesity (P = 0.504), smoking (0.103), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hypertension (P = 0.543), coronary artery disease (P = 0.442), congestive heart failure (P = 0.207), and problem list number (P = 0.661). LOS was extended for the unbraced group (median 34.00 + 112.15 vs. 77.00 + 209.31 h, P
Dose-dependent atrophy of the amygdala after radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The amygdalae are deep brain nuclei critical to emotional processing and the creation and storage of memory. It is not known whether the amygdalae are affected by brain radiotherapy (RT). We sought to quantify dose-dependent amygdala change one year after brain RT. MATERIALS AND METHODS 52 patients with primary brain tumors were retrospectively identified. Study patients underwent high-resolution, volumetric magnetic resonance imaging before RT and 1 year afterward. Images were processed using FDA-cleared software for automated segmentation of amygdala volume. Tumor, surgical changes, and segmentation errors were manually censored. Mean amygdala RT dose was tested for correlation with amygdala volume change 1 year after RT via the Pearson correlation coefficient. A linear mixed-effects model was constructed to evaluate potential predictors of amygdala volume change, including age, tumor hemisphere, sex, seizure history, and bevacizumab treatment during the study period. As 51 of 52 patients received chemotherapy, possible chemotherapy effects could not be studied. A two-tailed p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Mean amygdala RT dose (r = -0.28, p = 0.01) was significantly correlated with volume loss. On multivariable analysis, the only significant predictor of amygdala atrophy was radiation dose. The final linear mixed-effects model estimated amygdala volume loss of 0.17% for every 1 Gy increase in mean amygdala RT dose (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS The amygdala demonstrates dose-dependent atrophy one year after radiotherapy for brain tumors. Amygdala atrophy may mediate neuropsychological effects seen after brain RT.
The effect of respiratory viruses on immunogenicity and protection induced by a candidate universal influenza vaccine in mice.

Current approaches to influenza control rely on vaccines matched to viruses in circulation. Universal influenza vaccines would offer the advantage of providing broad protection against diverse strains of influenza virus. Candidate universal vaccines are developed using model systems, often testing in naive animals. Yet the human population is not naive, having varied immune histories that include exposure to viruses. We studied a candidate universal influenza vaccine (replication deficient adenoviruses expressing the conserved influenza A antigens NP and M2 [A/NP+M2-rAd]) given intranasally, the route previously shown to be most effective. To model recipients exposed to viruses, we used mice given rhinovirus (RV1B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-A2), influenza B virus, or influenza A virus before or after universal influenza vaccine. Vaccine performance was assessed by measuring immune responses to NP and M2, and monitoring weight loss and survival following influenza A challenge. Prior influenza A virus infection enhanced the response to the vaccine by priming to conserved influenza A antigens. RSV-A2 or RV1B had no effect on antibody responses to NP and M2 in serum. None of the viruses inhibited the ability of the vaccine to protect against influenza A virus challenge. The study demonstrates that the usefulness of this universal vaccine is not confined to the immunologically naive and supports possible use in a human population with a varied history of respiratory infections.
Single step fabrication of nano scale optical devices using binary contact mask deep UV interference lithography.

Interference Lithography (IL) is a powerful and inexpensive tool for large area precision nanoscale patterning of periodic structures. In this work we extend IL’s capability to create features in arbitrary shapes and locations through the use of binary contact masks with wavefront division deep-UV interference lithography. Grating couplers for use in a streak measurement system and a focal plane division polarimeter are created to demonstrate the viability and versatility of the technique. Simultaneous fabrication of 90nm and 20μm features proves the potential of this process to simplify and streamline common fabrication processes in research and in industrial applications.
Nonimaging solar collectors toward net-zero GHG emission

U.S. energy consumption is reviewed from a top-down approach with special emphasis on thermal energy consumption in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The solar thermal R&D efforts of the past 10 years at UC Merced are then presented which detail (i) a low cost combined heat and power collector (PV/T) for space heating, hot water, and electricity (ii) a nonimaging integrated compound parabolic concentrator (ICPC) with phase change thermal energy storage (TES) for low cost (< $0.015 / kWhth) dispatchable (24/7) solar for 120 °C process heating (iii) a mediumtemperature external compound parabolic concentrator (XCPC) for 100-250 °C process heat which has been used to demonstrate efficient solar cooling and solar driven wastewater evaporation for brine management, and (iv) a two-stage high concentration parabolic trough collector with a nonimaging secondary to achieve < 650 °C operation.
Cloned cDNA sequence for the human mesothelial protein 'mesosecrin' discloses its identity as a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and a recent evolutionary change in transcript processing.

Mesosecrin, a Mr approximately 46 × 10(3) glycoprotein secreted in abundance by human mesothelial cells in culture, was recently described by this laboratory. We isolated partial cDNA clones for mesosecrin from a human mesothelial cell cDNA library in lambda gt11 using a specific antiserum. Comparison of mesosecrin cDNA sequences with the recently published sequence for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) cloned from cDNA libraries of endothelial and other cell types revealed that mesosecrin and PAI-1 are the same protein. Reverse fibrin autography of electrophoretically fractionated medium from mesothelial cell cultures confirmed that mesosecrin is functional as a plasminogen activator inhibitor. The mesosecrin/PAI-1 cDNA clones hybridized to abundant 3.6 and 2.6 kb (kb = 10(3) bases) mRNAs on Northern blots of cultured human mesothelial cell and endothelial cell RNA. These mRNA sizes correspond to those recently published for human endothelial and fibrosarcoma PAI-1 mRNA, which most likely result from alternate polyadenylation sites. Messages 3.6 and 2.6 kb long were also detected in cells cultured from orangutans and African green monkeys, but only an approximately 3.6 kb mRNA was detected in cells of lower primates and several other mammalian species. Thus the extra polyadenylation site in the PAI-1 gene, responsible for the shorter form of the RNA, apparently has been acquired recently during primate evolution. Because they are more easily propagated in culture than endothelial cells, human mesothelial cells offer a new and advantageous system for PAI-1 production and study of its regulation and function.
Coagulation abnormalities in patients with metastatic colon cancer on bevacizumab therapy

14578 Background: Bevacizumab (Avastin) is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that functions as an anti-angiogenic agent. VEGF is a glycoprotei...
NOVEL PLOD1 MUTATION LEADS TO SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL DYSFUNCTION AND AORTOPATHY

Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm syndrome (FTAAS) is a heterogenous group of disorders characterized by vascular connective tissue disease (CTD) resulting in aortopathy. We describe a new mutation in PLOD1 (c.534C>A (p.Ser178Arg)), a gene known to cause non-vascular kyphoscoliotic Ehlers Danlos
Crossover from a Solid Effect to Thermal Mixing 1H Dynamic Nuclear Polarization with Trityl-OX063

Trityl-OX063 is a narrow-line, water-soluble, and biocompatible polarizing agent, widely used for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) amplified NMR of 13C, but not of the abundant 1H nuclear spin, f...
Myomectomy associated blood transfusion risk and morbidity after surgery

Objective To evaluate blood transfusion risks and the associated 30-day postoperative morbidity after myomectomy. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) Women who underwent myomectomies for symptomatic uterine fibroids (N = 3,407). Intervention(s) Blood transfusion during or within 72 hours after myomectomy. Main Outcome Measure(s) The primary outcomes were rate of blood transfusion with myomectomy and risk factors associated with receiving a transfusion. The secondary outcome was 30-day morbidity after myomectomy. Result(s) The overall rate of blood transfusion was 10% (hysteroscopy, 6.7%; laparoscopy, 2.7%; open/abdominal procedures, 16.4%). Independent risk factors for transfusion included as follows: black race (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62–3.17) and other race (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.20–2.63) compared with white race; preoperative hematocrit Conclusion(s) Analysis of a large multicenter database suggests that the overall risk of blood transfusion with myomectomy is 10% and is associated with an increased 30-day postoperative morbidity. Preoperative screening of women at high risk for transfusion is prudent as perioperative transfusion itself leads to increased major postoperative complications.
AIMMX: Artificial Intelligence Model Metadata Extractor

Despite all of the power that machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) models bring to applications, much of AI development is currently a fairly ad hoc process. Software engineering and AI development share many of the same languages and tools, but AI development as an engineering practice is still in early stages. Mining software repositories of AI models enables insight into the current state of AI development. However, much of the relevant metadata around models are not easily extractable directly from repositories and require deduction or domain knowledge. This paper presents a library called AIMMX that enables simplified AI Model Metadata eXtraction from software repositories. The extractors have five modules for extracting AI model-specific metadata: model name, associated datasets, references, AI frameworks used, and model domain. We evaluated AIMMX against 7,998 open-source models from three sources: model zoos, arXiv AI papers, and state-of-the-art AI papers. Our platform extracted metadata with 87% precision and 83% recall. As preliminary examples of how AI model metadata extraction enables studies and tools to advance engineering support for AI development, this paper presents an exploratory analysis for data and method reproducibility over the models in the evaluation dataset and a catalog tool for discovering and managing models. Our analysis suggests that while data reproducibility may be relatively poor with 42% of models in our sample citing their datasets, method reproducibility is more common at 72% of models in our sample, particularly state-of-the-art models. Our collected models are searchable in a catalog that uses existing metadata to enable advanced discovery features for efficiently finding models.
Inertial Manifolds and Gevrey Regularity for the Moore-Greitzer Model of an Axial-Flow Compressor

In this paper, we study the regularity and long-time behavior of the solutions to the Moore-Greitzer model of an axial-flow compressor. In particular, we prove that this dissipative system of evolution equations possesses a global invariant inertial manifold, and therefore its underlying long-time dynamics reduces to that of an ordinary differential system. Furthermore, we show that the solutions of this model belong to a Gevrey class of regularity (real analytic in the spatial variables). As a result, one can show the exponentially fast convergence of the Galerkin approximation method to the exact solution, an evidence of the reliability of the Galerkin method as a computational scheme in this case. The rigorous results presented here justify the readily available low-dimensional numerical experiments and control designs for stabilizing certain states and traveling wave solutions for this model.
The Coronavirus and Lessons for Preparedness

In the midst of a pandemic, the most pressing issues are those of containment and mitigation—both in terms of the virus itself and the economic costs. However, it is also in the midst of a pandemic that one can learn important lessons about preparedness for possible future pandemics. The difficult thing about pandemics is that they require hospitals to be capable of expanding capacity rapidly and significantly. Ventilators for patients, as well as masks and other protective gear for doctors and nurses, are critical for keeping patients alive and keeping doctors and nurses healthy so that they can care for those patients. Government should subsidize industries so that they produce additional quantities of this kind of equipment during non-crisis times in preparation for a possible pandemic. Given the need to ramp up production, policymakers need to use lessons from this pandemic to prepare for the future.
Identification of Sarcopenia in Elderly Trauma Patients: The Value of Clinical Competency and Experience.

IntroductionThere is currently no standard definition of sarcopenia, which has often been associated with frailty. A commonly cited surrogate measure of sarcopenia is psoas muscle size. The purpose...
Physics-based, neural network force fields for reactive molecular dynamics: Investigation of carbene formation from [EMIM+][OAc-].

Reactive molecular dynamics simulations enable a detailed understanding of solvent effects on chemical reaction mechanisms and reaction rates. While classical molecular dynamics using reactive force fields allows significantly longer simulation time scales and larger system sizes compared with ab initio molecular dynamics, constructing reactive force fields is a difficult and complex task. In this work, we describe a general approach following the empirical valence bond framework for constructing ab initio reactive force fields for condensed phase simulations by combining physics-based methods with neural networks (PB/NNs). The physics-based terms ensure the correct asymptotic behavior of electrostatic, polarization, and dispersion interactions and are compatible with existing solvent force fields. NNs are utilized for a versatile description of short-range orbital interactions within the transition state region and accurate rendering of vibrational motion of the reacting complex. We demonstrate our methodology for a simple deprotonation reaction of the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with acetate to form 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene and acetic acid. Our PB/NN force field exhibits ∼1 kJ mol−1 mean absolute error accuracy within the transition state region for the gas-phase complex. To characterize the solvent modulation of the reaction profile, we compute potentials of mean force for the gas-phase reaction as well as the reaction within a four-ion cluster and benchmark against ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the surrounding ionic environment significantly destabilizes the formation of the carbene product, and we show that this effect is accurately captured by the reactive force field. By construction, the PB/NN potential may be directly employed for simulations of other solvents/chemical environments without additional parameterization.
Discovering reflective-narrative: constructing experience in the Deweyan guide for reflective practice

This article provides an explanatory supplement for authors to more thickly describe their experience when using the published Guide for Reflective Practice (GRP). As members of the reflective prac...
Public Health Detailing to Promote HIV Pre- and Postexposure Prophylaxis Among Women's Healthcare Providers in New York City.

INTRODUCTION Equitable access to HIV pre- and postexposure prophylaxis for women is essential to ending the HIV epidemic. Providers' lack of knowledge and comfort in discussing and prescribing pre-exposure prophylaxis to women persist as barriers. METHODS From May to November 2019, the New York City Health Department conducted its first public health detailing campaigns among women's healthcare providers to promote pre- and postexposure prophylaxis and the associated best practices. Over 2 campaigns (10 weeks each), trained Health Department representatives visited providers for 1-on-1 visits at select practices to promote key messages. Representatives distributed an Action Kit that addressed knowledge gaps and practice needs on providing pre-exposure prophylaxis and postexposure prophylaxis to cisgender and transgender women. Providers completed an assessment at the beginning of initial and follow-up visits, used to compare responses across visits. Statistically significant changes were evaluated by generalized linear models of bivariate outcomes, adjusted for nonindependence of providers at the same practice. RESULTS Representatives visited 1,348 providers specializing in primary care (47%), women's health (30%), adolescent health (7%), infectious disease (4%), and other (12%) at 860 sites; 1,097 providers received initial and follow-up visits. Provider report of ever prescribing pre-exposure prophylaxis increased by 12% (n=119 providers); increases were reported in measures of taking sexual history, asking about partners' HIV status, providing postexposure prophylaxis, recognizing pre-exposure prophylaxis's effectiveness, and discussing and referring for pre-exposure prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS After public health detailing, women's healthcare providers report increased adoption of recommended practices that promote pre- and postexposure prophylaxis uptake and sexual wellness among women. Detailing may be adaptable to other regions and contexts to reach providers.
A conservative solution to the stochastic dynamical reduction problem: case of spin-z measurement of a spin-1/2 particle

Stochastic dynamical reduction for the case of spin-z measurement of a spin-1/2 particle describes a random walk on the spin-z axis. The measurement’s result depends on which of the two points: spin-z=±ħ/2 is reached first. Born’s rule is recovered as long as the expected step size in spin-z is independent of proximity to endpoints. Here, we address the questions raised by this description: (1) When is collapse triggered, and what triggers it? (2) Why is the expected step size in spin-z (as opposed to polar angle) independent of proximity to endpoints? (3) Why does spin “lock” in the vertical directions? The difficulties associated with (1) are rooted, as is Bell’s theorem, in the time-asymmetric assumption that the present distribution over hidden variables is independent of future settings. We believe, a priori of any of the experiments of modern physics, that such a time-asymmetric assumption is dubious when probing the microscopic scale. As for (2) and (3), they are simultaneously resolved by abandoning the fundamental distinction drawn between spin and spatial angular momentum, and by appealing to very tiny (in both magnitude and spatial extent) but numerous patches of magnetic noise in the Stern-Gerlach’s field.
STAT1 Expression in Dendritic Cells, but Not T Cells, Is Required for Immunity to Leishmania major

The generation of Th1 responses is important for resistance to intracellular pathogens, including the parasite, Leishmania major. Although IFN-gammaR/STAT1 signaling promotes a Th1 response via the up-regulation of T-bet, the requirement for STAT1 in Th1 cell differentiation remains controversial. Although in some cases Th1 cells develop independently of STAT1, STAT1(-/-) mice fail to develop a Th1 response during L. major infection. However, the interpretation of this result is complicated by the role STAT1 plays in Ag presentation and, more importantly, in elimination of parasites by macrophages, because both defective Ag presentation and increased parasite burden can influence Th cell development. To resolve this issue, we assessed the ability of STAT1(-/-) T cells to become Th1 cells and protect mice against L. major following adoptive transfer into STAT1-sufficient mice. We found that whereas T-bet is critical for the differentiation of protective Th1 cells during L. major infection, IFN-gammaR and STAT1 are dispensable. Given that a STAT1-independent Th1 cell response was generated by STAT1-sufficient APCs, but not by STAT1(-/-) cells, we next addressed whether dendritic cells (DCs) require STAT1 signaling to effectively present Ag. We found that STAT1(-/-) DCs had impaired up-regulation of MHC and costimulatory molecules, and, as a consequence, the absence of STAT1 resulted in reduced Th1 cell priming. Taken together, these results demonstrate that T cell expression of STAT1 is not required for the development of Th1 cells protective against L. major and instead stress the importance of STAT1 signaling in DCs for the optimal induction of Th1 responses.
Energy dependence of the fusion and elastic scattering of O 16 + Ca 40

In a study of the system /sup 16/O+/sup 40/Ca, the total evaporation-residue cross section has been measured at nine energies, and elastic-scattering angular distributions at five energies, within the range 40 MeV < or = E/sub lab/ < or = 214 MeV. The fusion cross section is observed to saturate above E/sub lab/=63 MeV. Several possible mechanisms to explain this effect are considered, and the shortcomings of each are pointed out. The model based on a critical distance in the entrance channel is judged the most nearly acceptable. At the highest bombarding energies the fusion residues exhibit (1) angular distributions which suggest significant emission of energetic ..cap alpha.. particles (or larger clusters), and (2) total cross sections in conflict with expectations based on the vanishing of the rotating-liquid-drop model fission barrier. An optical model analysis of the elastic-scattering data is used to extract total reaction cross sections (sigma/sub reac/). The nonlinear dependence of sigma/sub reac/ on 1/E/sub c.m./ is noted and the implications for the extraction of ''interaction barrier'' and ''fusion barrier'' parameters are discussed. A method for unified analysis of low-energy elastic-scattering and fusion data, based on the assumption that a single potential is relevant to both, is suggested.more » Simultaneous fits to 56-MeV elastic-scattering and low-energy fusion measurements for /sup 16/O+/sup 40/Ca are attained with Woods-Saxon potentials only if the real well diffuseness is constrained to the range (0.50 +- 0.05) fm, a value not compatible with several proposed potentials based on liquid-drop model concepts. The real potentials preferred in this low-energy analysis are not capable of providing good optical model fits to the highest-energy elastic data.« less
The Hofmann Reaction

In the Hofmann reaction an amide is converted to an amine of one less carbon atom by treatment with bromine or chlorine, and alkali. In effect, the carbonyl group of the amide is eliminated. The reaction is applicable to the preparation of amines from amides of aliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic, and hetereocyclic acids. The Hofmann reaction is generally carried out by dissolving the amide in a very slight excess of cold aqueous hypohalite solution, followed by rapid warming, A valuable modification consists in carrying out the reaction in an alcoholic solution, with subsequent hydrolysis of the urethan so obtained. Keywords: Hofmann reaction; amides; side reactions; alkaline sodium hypobromite; alkaline sodium hypochlorite; experimental conditions
Decomposition of Complete Graphs into Isomorphic Complete Bipartite Graphs

A decomposition of a complete graph into disjoint copies of a complete bipartite graph is called a -design of order n. The existence problem of -designs has been completely solved for the graphs for , for , K2, 3 and K3, 3. In this paper, I prove that for all , if there exists a -design of order N, then there exists a -design of order n for all (mod ) and . Giving necessary direct constructions, I provide an almost complete solution for the existence problem for complete bipartite graphs with fewer than 18 edges, leaving five orders in total unsolved.
Assessment of fat-free mass in teen-agers: use of TOBEC methodology

The accuracy of total-body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) for body composition assessment was examined in 50 teen-agers (33 males and 17 females) aged 11-19 y. Body composition measures included densitometry, hydrometry, bone mineral density of the one-third distal radius, and TOBEC. Fat-free mass (FFM) was calculated by using one-, two-, and three-compartment models: densitometry, FFMd; densitometry and hydrometry, FFMdw; and densitometry, hydrometry, and bone mineral density, FFMdwb. Correlations between TOBEC variables and the three calculations of FFM were highly significant (r = 0.88-0.95; P less than 0.01). No significant differences were observed (ANOVA) between the TOBEC estimate of FFM (FFMT) and FFMd, FFMdw, and FFMdwb. Similar results were observed when the data were analyzed by gender. The TOBEC estimate of FFM was equivalent to the estimates of FFM derived from one-, two-, and three-component models. Its ease of measurement and its prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.933; SEE = 2.45 kg) in teen-agers make it a preferred technique for body composition assessment.
The Standoff Aerosol Active Signature Testbed (SAAST) at MIT Lincoln Laboratory

The Standoff Aerosol Active Signature Testbed (SAAST) is the aerosol range within the MIT Lincoln Laboratory's Optical System Test Facility (OSTF). Ladar and Lidar are promising tools for precise target acquisition, identification, and ranging. Solid rocket effluent has a strong Lidar signature. Currently, calculations of the Lidar signature from effluent are in disagreement from measurements. This discrepancy can be addressed through relatively inexpensive laboratory measurements. The SAAST is specifically designed for measuring the polarization-dependent optical scattering cross sections of laboratory-generated particulate samples at multiple wavelengths and angles. Measurements made at oblique angles are highly sensitive to particle morphology, including complex index of refraction and sample shape distribution. With existing hardware it is possible to re-aerosolize previously collected effluent samples and, with online and offline diagnostics, ensure that these samples closely represent those found in situ. Through comparison of calculations and measurements at multiple angles it is possible to create a realistic model of solid rocket effluent that can be used to extrapolate to a variety of conditions. The SAAST has recently undergone a dramatic upgrade, improving sensitivity, flexibility, sample generation, sample verification, and level of automation. Several measurements have been made of terrestrial dust and other samples.