cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Matching slack resources and investment strategies to achieve long-term performance: New perspectives on corporate adaptability

Abstract Managers are continually challenged to balance the tradeoffs between adapting to rapidly changing market environments and focusing on existing core efficiencies. In this paper, we advance new perspectives on corporate adaptability by departing from the premise of the previous research that treats a firmʼs investment strategies and management of its slack resources in isolation. We contend that firms with adaptive capabilities attempt to match the type of slack resources (i.e., absorbed/specific or unabsorbed/flexible) with the nature of their investment strategies (i.e., exploration vs. efficiencies in existing assets). We further advance that the dynamics of strategy and performance relationship is moderated by the market turbulence level. Our empirical evidence from a sample of adaptive technology-intensive firms shows that under stable market environments, firms tend to use flexible slack resources (such as cash holdings and cash flows) to finance R&D expenditures in growth options. On the other hand, specific resources (such as plant, property and equipment) are used to support capital expenditures in existing assets. Our evidence further indicates that matched firmsʼ performance dominates that of unmatched firms, and, further, matched firms have fairly similar profitability in the long run. Under turbulent market environments such as the Dot.Com bubble (1999–2002) and the sub-prime mortgage crisis (2007–2009), we find investment in growth opportunities and innovation is slowed down while cash and liquid assets are accumulated to create a buffer against the risk of financial distress.
The effect of tetracycline on the hepatic secretion of triglyceride

Abstract The results of previous studies which employed indirect techniques suggested that tetracycline induced a fatty liver in rats by inhibition of the hepatic secretion of triglyceride. The present study examines this concept directly by observation of the effect of tetracycline hydrochloride (100 mg/kg) given in vivo on the subsequently isolated perfused rat liver. This dose of tetracycline produced a 67% increase in hepatic triglyceride content in 3 h in vivo. The secretion of triglyceride by livers removed at 3 h from such animals and perfused in vitro was diminished in comparison with livers from control rats (1.6 μmoles/g per 4 h vs 3.4 μmoles/g per 4 h, P
The displacement analysis of path-generating flexible-link mechanisms

Abstract A flexible-link mechanism gains its movability because at least one of its links is capable of undergoing large elastic bending deflections. This paper deals with the displacement analysis of this type of mechanism for purposes of path generation. The equations governing the configuration of a class of flexible-link mechanisms are derived and an example involving a specific flexible-link mechanism is presented.
Optimum Downlink Power Control of a DS-CDMA System via Convex Programming

An optimum downlink power control that maximizes the user-capacity of a Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) cellular system is proposed based on a convex programming method. First, the downlink beamforming weights for the base-station antenna-array are designed based on the maximum Signal-Interference-Ratio (SIR) criterion. Then by optimizing the downlink power subject to a fixed total transmit power constraint, we further increase the Signal-Interference-Noise-Ratio (SINR) at the mobile terminal, thus increasing the capacity of the system. With the same methodology, we can also minimize the required transmit power while satisfying the SINR threshold constraints. Additionally, a robust downlink power control approach for mitigating the performance degradation due to channel estimates error is also proposed. Computer simulations are given to demonstrate the improvement of downlink capacity, received SINR, robustness, and the minimization of the required transmit power for a DS-CDMA system with antenna-array at the base-station.
Obstacles to space cooperation: Europe and the post-Apollo experience

Abstract The U.S. invitation of Europe to participate in the American post-Apollo space effort provided an opportunity for something quite different from the cooperative projects of the past. It was the first offer to participate in the design, development, management and use of major manned flight systems. In spite of considerable interest on the part of European industry and a number of governments, such participation has been difficult to arrange because of (a) the differign attitudes and objectives of the major nations of Western Europe toward space research; (b) suspension of American motives; (c) concern about continued support for the space program within the U.S.; (d) the limited resources applied to space research within Europe; (e) the desire on the part of some nations to develop a launch capability independent from the Americans; (f) dissatisfaction with American dominance of Intelsat. While there are many technical problems involved in international cooperation in space, the political and economic problems appear to be even more complex. Yet, if these problems cannot be overcome, true cooperation in space cannot be achieved.
A three-dimensional, multinutrient, and size-structured ecosystem model for the North Atlantic

[1] We incorporate multinutrient and size-structured ecosystem dynamics into a three-dimensional ocean general circulation model for the North Atlantic. The model reproduces the magnitude and general spatial and temporal patterns in nutrients, chlorophyll and primary production seen in in situ (BATS, NABE, and OWSI) and satellite (SeaWiFS) data, showing substantial improvements over prior basin-scale simulations. Model skill is evaluated quantitatively against SeaWiFS data using a Taylor diagram approach. Model-data correlation R for the overall surface chlorophyll time-space distribution is ∼0.6, with comparable model and observed total variability. The agreement relative to satellite-based primary production is somewhat weaker (0.2 < R < 0.5). The simulations capture observed ecological characteristics, e.g., the dominance of picoplankton and episodic diatom blooms in the subtropics, nutrient-controlled plankton succession at higher latitudes, and associated seasonal/depth changes in new and regenerated production and particle export. In a sensitivity experiment that mimics behavior of simpler single-species models, removal of diatom silica limitation leads to major shifts in community structure and export and larger model-data errors similar to previous model studies. Model results also suggest that episodic diatom blooms at BATS may be related to interannual variations in the southward transport of nutrients, mainly SiO3, and plankton cells.
Visual function-specific perimetry to identify glaucomatous visual loss using three different definitions of visual field abnormality.

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy involving a degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons and resulting in a distinct appearance of the optic disc associated with a characteristic pattern of visual field loss.1 Standard automated perimetry (SAP) is the current clinical standard for visual field testing.2 SAP is a relatively nonselective test in that all subtypes of retinal ganglion cells are sensitive to the white target presented on a white background.3 Function-specific tests have been developed to preferentially, though not exclusively, target subpopulations of retinal ganglion cells.4 Short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) presents a blue light on a yellow background to emphasize the response characteristics of the blue–yellow pathway,5-8 whereas frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry uses a rapidly reversing contrast grating to emphasize the response characteristics of the magnocellular pathway.9-11 Some function-specific tests have been shown to be more sensitive to glaucoma than SAP.3,12,13 This enhanced sensitivity was believed to be the result of the reduced redundancy within the visual system achieved by targeting subpopulations of retinal ganglion cells.14 There is no consensus on how visual function testing should be implemented in clinical practice, and there are considerable differences among studies on how this is done. As an example, the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT)15 and the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS)16 both required that participants undergo two baseline visual field tests. In the OHTS, 85.9% of initial visual field abnormalities were not confirmed on a subsequent visual field test, powerfully highlighting the importance of confirmation.16 Other studies have also shown the importance of confirming visual field defects.17,18 Only a few studies3,12 compared SAP, SWAP, and FDT to each other without requiring the confirmation of visual field abnormalities. This drawback is directly addressed in the present study. In addition, we assessed the impact of confirming a visual field defect using the same test versus using a different test of visual function. The goal of the present study was to compare the most recent versions of SAP, SWAP, and FDT tests using three different definitions of visual field abnormality: (1) single-test abnormality, (2) abnormality confirmed by the same test, and (3) abnormality confirmed by a different test.
Beyond identity: Feminism, identity and identity politics

This article is a critique, first, of the theory of identity advanced by Judith Butler and many of the feminist critics of identity politics, and, second, of identity politics itself. I argue that ...
Leaf Reflectance Spectra of Cereal Aphid-Damaged Wheat

The efficiency of field monitoring for insect pests would be improved with knowledge of reflected solar radiation from crop canopies during insect outbreaks. The objectives of this greenhouse study were to characterize leaf reflectance spectra of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) damaged by Russian wheat aphids (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) and greenbugs (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) and to determine those leaf reflectance wavelengths that were most responsive to crop stress imposed by these aphid pests. When the ligule was visible on second oldest leaf, wheat plants were infested with four wingless adult Russian wheat aphids, four wingless adult greenbugs, or left uninfested (four replicate plants per treatment). Plants and aphid populations were allowed to grow under greenhouse conditions for 3 wk, after which leaf-reflected radiation (from the adaxial surface across the 350-1075 nm range), dry weight, area, and chlorophyll concentrations were measured. When compared with the control, greenbug feeding damage caused general necrosis in oldest (first) leaves and dramatically lowered the dry weight, leaf area, and chlorophyll concentration of the second, third, and fourth leaves. Russian wheat aphid feeding resulted in a reduction in leaf dry weight and area in the third and fourth leaves, and a reduction in total chlorophyll concentration in all leaves. Leaf reflectance in the 625- to 635-nm and the 680- to 695-nm ranges, as well as the normalized total pigment to chlorophyll a ratio index (NPCI), were significantly correlated with total chlorophyll concentrations in both greenbug- and Russian wheat aphid-damaged plants. Thus, both of these wavelength ranges, as well as this reflectance index, were good indicators of chlorophyll loss and leaf senescence caused by the aphid feeding damage.
Impact of lifetime on US residential building LCA results

Many life cycle assessment (LCA) studies do not adequately address the actual lifetime of buildings and building products, but rather assume a typical value. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of lifetime on residential building LCA results. Including accurate lifetime data into LCA allows a better understanding of a product’s environmental impact that would ultimately enhance the accuracy of LCA results. This study focuses on refining the US residential building lifetime, as well as lifetime of interior renovation products that are commonly used as interior finishes in homes, to improve LCA results. Residential building lifetime data that presents existing trends in the USA was analyzed as part of the study. Existing product life cycle inventory data were synthesized to form statistical distributions that were used instead of deterministic values. Product elementary flows were used to calculate life cycle impacts of a residential model that was based on median US residential home size. Results were compared to existing residential building LCA literature to determine the impact of using updated, statistical lifetime data. A Monte Carlo analysis was performed for uncertainty analysis. Sensitivity analysis results were used to identify hotspots within the LCA results. Statistical analysis of US residential building lifetime data indicate that average building lifetime is 61 years and has a linearly increasing trend. Interior renovation energy consumption of the residential model that was developed by using average US conditions was found to have a mean of 220 GJ over the life cycle of the model. Ratio of interior renovation energy consumption to pre-use energy consumption, which includes embodied energy of materials, construction activities, and associated transportation was calculated to have a mean of 34% for regular homes and 22% for low-energy homes. Ratio of interior renovation to life cycle energy consumption of residential buildings was calculated to have a mean of 3.9% for regular homes and 7.6% for low-energy homes. Choosing an arbitrary lifetime for buildings and interior finishes, or excluding interior renovation impacts introduces a noteworthy amount of error into residential building LCA, especially as the relative importance of materials use increases due to growing number of low-energy buildings that have lower-use phase impacts.
Nuclear origin of specific yeast mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Abstract Hydroxylapatite chromatographies of mitochondrial and total enzymes from a rho+ yeast, or from the related rho degrees mitochondrial DNA-less mutant, show the occurrence in the mitochondrial enzyme of one Phe-, one Met-, one Leu-tRNA synthetase peak which elutes distinctly from the cytoplasmic counterpart and charges well mitochondrial tRNA, whereas the cytoplasmic enzyme does not. The measurement of the mitochondrial synthetases activities in various enzymatic extracts shows that they are not repressed in rho+ cells grown on 10% glucose and that they are concentrated in the mitochondria (Phe- and Met- tRNA synthetases) but are also present outside the mitochondria. It is concluded that yeast mitochondrial protein biosynthesis involves the nuclear coded mitochondrial specific Phe-, Met- and Leu-tRNA synthetases and that the entrance of the synthetases into the mitochondria needs no factor depending on the mitochondrial DNA.
Immediate versus delayed progesterone supplementation in gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

Exogenous progesterone (P) was supplemented to gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) patients to determine the optimal timing to start P supplementation and the role of isthmic block in GIFT. Patients were alternatively divided into two groups. In the immediate group, exogenous P was supplied from the day of surgery. In the delayed group, P was supplied 4 days after the surgery, the day the fertilized ovum is supposed to arrive in the uterine cavity. Except for higher serum P levels on luteal day 3 in the immediate group, no significant differences were found in serum P levels during the early luteal phase, the pregnancy rate, and the abortion rate between the two groups. It is possible that in stimulated cycles, higher serum P levels during the early luteal phase render the endometrium receptive for embryo implantation, albeit unlock the isthmic block. It may not be crucial to start exogenous P supplementation either before or after a fertilized egg(s) arrives in the uterine cavity. The role of isthmic block in GIFT needs further evaluation.
Testing strategies for diagnosing lupus anticoagulant: decision analysis.

Clinicians commonly evaluate patients with thrombosis or a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) for the presence of a lupus anticoagulant (LA). We evaluated strategies for detecting LA, in three clinical settings, with decision-modeling techniques. A decision tree was constructed with 12 strategies, using a combination of aPTT and dilute Russell viper venom times (dRVVT) with confirmatory tests, tissue thromboplastin time (TTI), platelet neutralization procedures, and mixing studies. Probabilities and costs of adverse events and test costs were obtained from the literature. Patient preference for each strategy was evaluated by assigning utilities to each outcome. On the basis of assay results in 90 healthy people and 77 patients, we calculated sensitivities and specificities for each strategy, with true positives defined as suggested by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. The least costly strategy for evaluation of patients with a prolonged aPTT, or with thrombosis, is not to test and to assume that LA is absent. For patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it is least expensive not to test, although testing with TTI alone can also be considered an efficient strategy. The strategy of highest utility to patients with SLE is testing with TTI, followed by dRVVT. On the basis of these cost and utility results, clinicians' strategies for detecting LA may need modification. These strategies would then optimally be tested in clinical trials.
Structure of the Wilms tumor suppressor protein zinc finger domain bound to DNA.

Abstract The zinc finger domain of the Wilms tumor suppressor protein (WT1) contains four canonical Cys2His2 zinc fingers. WT1 binds preferentially to DNA sequences that are closely related to the EGR-1 consensus site. We report the structure determination by both X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy of the WT1 zinc finger domain in complex with DNA. The X-ray structure was determined for the complex with a cognate 14 base-pair oligonucleotide, and composite X-ray/NMR structures were determined for complexes with both the 14 base-pair and an extended 17 base-pair DNA. This combined approach allowed unambiguous determination of the position of the first zinc finger, which is influenced by lattice contacts in the crystal structure. The crystal structure shows the second, third and fourth zinc finger domains inserted deep into the major groove of the DNA where they make base-specific interactions. The DNA duplex is distorted in the vicinity of the first zinc finger, with a cytidine twisted and tilted out of the base stack to pack against finger 1 and the tip of finger 2. By contrast, the composite X-ray/NMR structures show that finger 1 continues to follow the major groove in the solution complexes. However, the orientation of the helix is non-canonical, and the fingertip and the N terminus of the helix project out of the major groove; as a consequence, the zinc finger side-chains that are commonly involved in base recognition make no contact with the DNA. We conclude that finger 1 helps to anchor WT1 to the DNA by amplifying the binding affinity although it does not contribute significantly to binding specificity. The structures provide molecular level insights into the potential consequences of mutations in zinc fingers 2 and 3 that are associated with Denys-Drash syndrome and nephritic syndrome. The mutations are of two types, and either destabilize the zinc finger structure or replace key base contact residues.
Demographic influences on the hunting behavior of chimpanzees

We investigated hunting in an unusually large community of wild chimpanzees at Ngogo in the Kibale National Park, Uganda. Aspects of predation were recorded with respect to the prey, the predators, and hunting episodes. During 23 months of observation, the Ngogo chimpanzees caught 128 prey items from four primate and three ungulate species. Chimpanzees preyed selectively on immature red colobus primarily during group hunts, with adult males making the majority of kills. Party size and composition were significant predictors of the probability that chimpanzees would hunt and of their success during attempts. Chimpanzees were more likely to hunt red colobus if party size and the number of male hunters were large; party size and the number of male hunters were also significantly larger in successful compared with unsuccessful hunts. The Ngogo chimpanzees did not appear to hunt cooperatively, but reciprocal meat-sharing typically took place after kills. Hunts occurred throughout the year, though there was some seasonality as displayed by periodic hunting binges. The extremely high success rate and large number of kills made per successful hunt are the two most striking aspects of predation by the Ngogo chimpanzees. We compare currently available observations of chimpanzee hunting behavior across study sites and conclude that the large size of the Ngogo community contributes to their extraordinary hunting success. Demographic differences between groups are likely to contribute to other patterns of interpopulation variation in chimpanzee predation.
In vivo imaging of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides with positron emission tomography

The biodistribution profiles in mice of two pyrrole-imidazole polyamides were determined by PET. Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides are a class of small molecules that can be programmed to bind a broad repertoire of DNA sequences, disrupt transcription factor-DNA interfaces, and modulate gene expression pathways in cell culture experiments. The 18F-radiolabeled polyamides were prepared by oxime ligation between 4-[18F]-fluorobenzaldehyde and a hydroxylamine moiety at the polyamide C terminus. Small animal PET imaging of radiolabeled polyamides administered to mice revealed distinct differences in the biodistribution of a 5-ring β-linked polyamide versus an 8-ring hairpin, which exhibited better overall bioavailability. In vivo imaging of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides by PET is a minimum first step toward the translation of polyamide-based gene regulation from cell culture to small animal studies.
The Issue of Parliamentary Suffrage at the Frankfurt National Assembly

UNIVERSAL suffrage is a commonplace in today's political world. In modern Western states it seems self-explanatory that there sho ld be a general right to vote, or at least the pretense of such a right; and it is rather the exception to universal suffrage that requires explanation?at best as a quaint local peculiarity, at worst as a sign of pigheadedness or paranoia. In our era of bland populism, it is easy to forget the nineteenth century's passion over suffrage matters. But passion there was: from the sanscullottes ofthe 1790's to the suffragettes ofthe 1910's, no decade ofthe nineteenth century, no part ofthe Atlantic world was entirely free from this all-important question. In? deed suffrage issues erupted regularly whenever and wherever internal political tensions ran highest. Anti-Bourbon agitation in Restoration France, Chartist demands in England, Negro emancipation in the United States, demands for reform of Bismarckian Germany's Prussian heartland?these issues spanned the century, and they all contained at least some taint ofthe suffrage question. The European revolutions of184849 came roughly at the mid-point of this century-long suffrage debate, and these revolutions too raised in various ways the issue ofthe right to vote. And one ofthe most interesting discussions ofthe franchise ques? tion came in February and March of 1849, when Germany's abortive constitutional convention, the Frankfurt National Assembly, turned its attention to an Electoral Law for the lower house of the projected national representative body. The Electoral Law emerging from the Frankfurt debate called for universal manhood suffrage; but as several historians have remarked, this was a curiously democratic appendage to a constitution that was otherwise a compendium ofthe classic conceptions of early nineteenth-
COMPLEMENTARY FORAGING BEHAVIORS ALLOW COEXISTENCE OF TWO CONSUMERS

We developed a mathematical model based on the microalgal-gastropod system studied by Schmitt, in which two coexisting consumers (Tegula eisini and T. au- reotincta) feed on a common resource. The two consumers differ in their foraging behavior and their ability to remove microalgae from rock surfaces. T. eisini is a digger, moving slowly and grazing the algae down to almost bare substrate, whereas T. aureotincta is a grazer, moving more quickly and leaving behind a larger fraction of the algal layer. These complementary foraging strategies result in a size-structured algal resource, with each size class differentially accessible to each of the consumers. Our model recognized three ac- cessibility states for an algal patch: a refuge (recently grazed by the digger and currently inaccessible to either consumer), a low level (exploitable only by the digger), and a high level (exploitable by both consumers). We assumed that all interactions between consumers and resources were linear and examined the relatively short time-scale dynamics of feeding, algal renewal, and individual consumer growth at fixed densities of consumers. Thus, our model complemented related models that have focused on population dynamics rather than foraging behavior. The model revealed that coexistence of two consumers feeding on a single algal resource can be mediated by differences in the consumers' foraging modes and the resource structure that these behaviors create. We then estimated model parameters using data from Schmitt's experimental studies of Tegula. The fits to the experimental data were all very good, and the resulting parameter values placed the system very close to a narrow coexistence region, demonstrating that foraging complementarity in this system facilitates coexistence. The foraging trade-offs observed here are likely to be common in many consumer-resource systems. Indeed, mech- anisms similar to those we discuss have been suggested in many other systems in which similar consumers also coexist. This model not only demonstrates that such an argument is theoretically plausible, but also provides the first application of the model, showing that the observed conditions for the Tegula system fall very close to the appropriate parameter space. Such quantitative tests are critical if we are to rigorously test the models developed to explain patterns of coexistence.
A highly efficient 1.95-GHz, 18-W asymmetric multilevel outphasing transmitter for wideband applications

A 1.95-GHz asymmetric multilevel outphasing (AMO) transmitter with class-E GaN power amplifiers (PAs) and discrete supply modulators is presented. AMO transmitters achieve improved efficiency over envelope tracking (ET) transmitters by replacing the continuous supply modulator with a discrete supply modulator implemented with a fast digital switching network. Outphasing modulation is used to provide the required fine output envelope control. A 4-level supply modulator is implemented that allows for fast and efficient discrete envelope modulation with up to 28-V supply voltages using low-voltage gate drivers and time-alignment logic. With two class-E GaN PAs that achieve 62.5% power-added efficiency (PAE) at 40- dBm peak output power, the AMO transmitter delivers 42.6- dBm peak output power at 1.95-GHz. For a 16-QAM signal at 36-dBm output power, the transmitter achieves 44.2/42.8/41.4% average system efficiency and 2.0/2.1/3.1% EVM for 10/20/40-MHz channel bandwidth, respectively.
Perceptions of neighborhood social environment and drug dependence among incarcerated women and men: a cross-sectional analysis

Background Perception of neighborhood social environment can influence an individual’s susceptibility to drug dependence. However, this has never been examined with a jailed sample, where frequent transitions between local jails and disadvantaged neighborhoods are common. Understanding these associations could aid in the design of targeted programs to decrease drug dependence and recidivism among the incarcerated.
Regenerating uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines: the current state of knowledge

Abstract Periodic regeneration is crucial to creating or sustaining uneven-aged (UEA) stands of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf (P. echinata Mill.) pines. Although both species are shade intolerant, they have silvical characteristics that are conducive to natural regeneration in UEA stands. Their seed production is fairly consistent and good, and the wind-disseminated seeds are well dispersed throughout the stand. The disturbed seedbed resulting from periodic logging is favorable to germination, and established seedlings can recover from a fair degree of logging damage. Seedlings are moderately shade tolerant when young, and they respond well when released from either competing understory vegetation or overtopping trees. The key to successful regeneration in UEA pine stands involves regulating the stocking and structure of the merchantable portion of the stand with careful logging and periodically controlling nonpine vegetation, typically with selective broadcast herbicides 1 . Current after-cut guidelines call for basal areas of 10 to 14 m2/ha, maximum diameters of 35 to 55 cm, and a q factor in the vicinity of 1.2 for 2.5 cm DBH classes. Applying these guidelines results in a stand with an irregular canopy containing multidimensional gaps. Stand basal area is not allowed to exceed 17 m2/ha during the cutting cycle because regeneration would be adversely affected by shading and root competition. Pines over 40 cm in DBH have been found to be favorable to regeneration because of increased seed production and reduced logging traffic needed to remove harvested trees. Regeneration is most difficult to secure on good sites because of intensive nonpine competition, but selective herbicides are available that will release pine regeneration from competing nonpine vegetation. Due to the increased interest in UEA silviculture, we present an overview in this paper of more than 50 years of research and experience in regenerating these two important species in UEA stands principally using single-tree selection.
Atrial Electrophysiology in Experimental Hyperthyroidism in Rabbits

Male rabbits received l-thyroxine (250 µg/kg) subcutaneously for 7 days and exhibited marked tachycardia, elevation of protein-bound iodine levels and a 26% mean weight loss. Their hearts were isol...
Collision Detection for Visually Impaired from a Body-Mounted Camera

A real-time collision detection system using a body-mounted camera is developed for visually impaired and blind people. The system computes sparse optical flow in the acquired videos, compensates for camera self-rotation using external gyro-sensor, and estimates collision risk in local image regions based on the motion estimates. Experimental results for a variety of scenarios involving static and dynamic obstacles are shown in terms of time-to-collision and obstacle localization in test videos. The proposed approach is successful in estimating collision risk for head-on obstacles as well as obstacles that are close to the walking paths of the user. An end-to-end collision warning system based on inputs from a video camera as well as a gyro-sensor has been implemented on a generic laptop and on an embedded OMAP-3 compatible platform. The proposed embedded system represents a valuable contribution toward the development of a portable vision aid for visually impaired and blind patients.
Fish Oil Source Differentially Affects Rat Immune Cell α-Tocopherol Concentration

We have previously reported that both the source of dietary fish oil and the chemical form of vitamin E supplied in the diet affect the vitamin E status of immune cells in rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate further the effect of fish oil source on immune cell vitamin E status using free alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) at the AIN recommended level as the sole source of vitamin E. Sixty weanling female rats were fed semipurified, high fat (20 g/100 g) diets containing either tocopherol-stripped lard (LRD), menhaden fish oil (MFO), sardine fish oil (SRD) or cod liver oil (CLO) as the primary lipid source. Endogenous alpha-T concentration was measured and equalized to 150 mg/kg oil by addition of free RRR-alpha-T to each lipid source, allowing for a final concentration of alpha-T in the mixed diet of 30 mg/kg. An additional group of rats was fed LRD without supplemental vitamin E (LRD-) as a negative control. After feeding experimental diets for 5 or 10 wk, tissues were collected for alpha-T analysis by HPLC. After 5 wk, plasma and liver alpha-T (micromol alpha-T/g lipid) were significantly lower in SRD- and CLO-fed rats compared with LRD-fed rats. At 10 wk, only plasma alpha-T in CLO-fed rats remained significantly depressed. Plasma and liver alpha-T concentrations (micromol alpha-T/g lipid) were not significantly lower in MFO-fed rats than LRD-fed rats at either time point. Compared with LRD, feeding MFO to rats for 5 or 10 wk resulted in significantly greater alpha-T content of immune cells. In similar fashion, SRD-fed rats, compared with LRD-fed rats, also had significantly greater alpha-T content in splenocytes at both time points and greater thymocyte alpha-T at 10 wk. In all instances, the alpha-T status of rats fed CLO was indistinguishable from that of rats fed the vitamin E-free diet (LRD-). These data further demonstrate the complexity of the relationship between vitamin E status and dietary (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).
Reference anytime anywhere: towards virtual reference services at Penn State

Discusses how technological developments in libraries have led to the emergence of new service paradigms. Reference services are receiving prime attention as librarians strategically position themselves to serve users who are entering the library both through the physical gateway and the electronic gateway. Recent trends in electronic libraries, with particular reference to academic libraries, point to the need to provide value‐added library services to support virtual communities in their access to, and use of the exploding body of electronic sources. Also discusses the dynamic nature of reference services in the context of rapidly changing technologies and heightened user expectations and explores the issues associated with planning virtual reference services in an academic environment. Outlines the service rationale, software and technology considerations taken by the Pennsylvania State University in planning towards on‐line, real‐time reference services and provides an overview of the planned pilot project. Includes a list of links to Web sites with useful resources as well as links to sites of some projects on virtual reference services.
Complex metacarpophalangeal dislocation

A 21-year-old otherwise healthy male presented to the emergency department 24 h after a fall onto an outstretched hand, during the course of which he experienced hyper-extension of the right thumb and immediately noted severe pain. His range of motion had been decreased since the injury. His physical examination was notable for marked edema over the thenar eminence, along with ecchymosis and dimpling of the skin over the volar aspect of the metacarpal head. He was tender over the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and had diminished range of motion. Radiographic examination of his hand revealed a dislocated MCP joint (Figs. 1 and ​and2).2). Orthopedics was consulted and took the patient to the operating room for open reduction. Fig. 1 Lateral plain radiograph of right hand Fig. 2 AP plain radiograph of right hand Complex dislocations occur when the volar plate is ruptured and the plate becomes lodged between the base of the proximal phalanx and the metacarpal head. Historically, this type of injury has been thought to be inherently irreducible by closed technique, and expeditious surgical management is advocated [1, 2]. Some recommend a gentle attempt at closed reduction be performed by an experienced surgeon prior to operative management [3]. The position of the proximal phalanx parallel to the metacarpal is commonly seen on radiography. The radiographic finding of entrapment of one or both sesamoids within the joint space is rare, but classic for a complex MCP dislocation and seen in this case [4]. In addition, the dimpling noted over the palmar aspect of the hand is pathognomonic and was first reported by Kaplan [5, 6].
Statistical Identifiability of Multidimensional Frequency Estimation with Finite Snapshots

Recently much progress has been made to improve the identifiability of frequency estimation from one snapshot of multidimensional frequency data mixture. However, in the case of multiple snapshots (or multiple trials of experiments), there are few identifiability results available. With multiple data snapshots, most existing algebraic approaches estimate frequencies from the sample covariance matrix. In this work we provide an upper bound on the maximum number of multidimensional frequencies that can be estimated for a given data size with finite snapshots. We show how the identifiability bound increases as the number of snapshots increases. An eigenvector-based algorithm is also obtained for N-D frequency estimation. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm offers competitive performance when compared with existing algebraic algorithms but with reduced complexity
Analysis of laser remote sensing technology needs in the earth sciences: a decadal-scale outlook

In late 2005 the NASA Earth Science Technology Office convened a working group to review decadal-term technology needs for Earth science active optical remote sensing objectives. The outcome from this effort is intended to guide future NASA investments in laser remote sensing technologies. This paper summarizes the working group findings and places them in context with the conclusions of the National Research Council assessment of future Earth science and applications requirements, completed in 2007.
Time-to-digital converter for RF frequency synthesis in 90 nm CMOS

We propose and demonstrate a 20 ps time-to-digital converter (TDC) in 90 nm digital CMOS. It is used as a phase/frequency detector and charge pump replacement in an all-digital PLL for a fully-compliant GSM transceiver. The TDC core is based on a pseudo-differential digital architecture that makes it insensitive to NMOS and PMOS mismatches. The time conversion resolution is equal to an inverter propagation delay, which is the finest logic-level regenerative timing in CMOS. The TDC is self calibrating with estimation accuracy better than 1%. Measured INL is 0.7 LSB. The TDC consumes 1.3 mA from a 1.3 V supply.
Accounting For Employee Stock Options With Service, Performance, And Market Conditions

The accounting for employee stock options has long been a subject of debate among executives, regulators, and standard-setters. The accounting standard passed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in 2004 allows for more creative design of these types of options. In this case, students learn about employee stock options with service, performance, and market conditions. They also learn how to value options with these conditions, and how to report them on company income statements under the new accounting guidance.
Covalent coupling of a novel TLR7 agonist to antigen elicits an effective immune response in a murine melanoma tumor model

3019 Background: Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling triggers innate immune stimulation capable of generating an adaptive immune response under appropriate conditions. TLR agonists have shown effica...
African universities' ethical responsibilities to their supporting communities

If universities are supported by the communities in which they are embedded, then solving their communitiesâ€™ problems must be a critical university ethical goal. The essayâ€™s first part examines philosophyâ€™s roles in directing university research in such disciplines as the natural and social sciences, history, art and mathematics. Of particular interest are the roles that information and communication technology (ICT) might play in the dissemination of research results in universitiesâ€™ supporting communities. The Pan-African thinker W.E.B. Du Bois believed that virtually all humans are capable of profiting from a university education. ICT must be critical to African universitiesâ€™ discharge of their ethical responsibilities to their communities. The first partâ€™s conclusion suggests three ways whereby African universities may advance toward Du Boisâ€™s goal. The essayâ€™s second part proposes a curriculum for Fort Hare University in Alice and East London in South Africaâ€™s Eastern Cape Province. As both an urban and rural university, Fort Hare presents a unique opportunity for examining university-community relationships. The essayâ€™s conclusion argues that African universities must play a critical role in constructing African self-knowledge. Critical to university and alumni contributions to re-thinking African identity, will be the inclusion of curricular material specific to the cultures of communities selected for university outreach.
Transition from the Southern to Northern Hemisphere Summer Monsoon

Abstract During the period from 15 February to 20 June 1979, the northward migration of the zones of low outgoing longwave radiation was most clearly defined over the convectively active continental regions of equatorial Africa, the maritime continent, and equatorial South America. Regionally, the withdrawal of the Southern Hemisphere summer monsoon over Indonesia and Australia was followed by the first establishment of the summer monsoon over the Malaysian Peninsula during the midtransition around 15 April, which is about two months earlier than the monsoon onset over central India. In investigating the wind changes during the transition period, smoothed time-series data were constructed by adding three components of winds; viz., the annual mean winds, which are approximately symmetric about the equator; and the yearly and half-yearly wind harmonics that are asymmetric about the equator with a distinct seasonal character. The 200 mb wind patterns during the midtransition exhibit new symmetric character w...
Comparative Study of the Thermoelectric Properties of Amorphous Zn41Sb59 and Crystalline Zn4Sb3

The alloy Zn41Sb59 was synthesized by high-pressure techniques and its bulk amorphous nature at ambient conditions confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction and electron microscopy studies. Electrical resistivity, thermopower, and thermal conductivity of Zn41Sb59 were measured in a temperature range from 6 to 350 K. Zn41Sb59 is a semiconductor and resistivity data suggest an activation energy of about 0.25 eV above 250 K. The thermopower is positive and increases with increasing temperature. Room-temperature values for the resistivity and thermopower are 8 Ω cm and 300 μV/K, respectively. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity is characteristic for amorphous solids and continuously increasing from 0.08 W/(m K) at 6 K to 0.19 W/(m K) at room temperature. Comparison of the thermal conductivity of Zn41Sb59 with the thermal lattice conductivity of the crystalline thermoelectric material β-Zn4Sb3 reveals a remarkable resemblance, justifying the classification of the latter as a phonon-glass material.
Inside the Bubble: College Experiences of Student–Athletes in Revenue-Producing Sports

This study examines the impact of participation in revenue-producing sports and how that experience prepared student–athletes for life after college. Fifteen former football and men's basketball student–athletes were interviewed. According to participants, a strong support system enhanced their college experience. The heavy time commitment, perceptions of others outside of athletics, and health challenges were costs of the experience. Participants believed their college experience prepared them for life after college by providing career networking opportunities and attributes that are valuable in their work and personal lives. The findings of the study indicate ways in which coaches, athletic trainers, faculty, academic advisors, and counselors can empower student–athletes to get the most out of their college experience.
Oxidation of Hydroxylamine on Gold Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes: Rotating Ring-Disk and In Situ Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy Studies

The oxidation of hydroxylamine on Au electrodes in aqueous phosphate buffer solutions (pH 7) was examined using electrochemical and in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy techniques. Polarization curves recorded with a rotating Au disk electrode showed that the onset of NH2OH oxidation occurs at ca. 0.0 V vs SCE, reaching a well-defined peak at a disk potential, Ediskpeak, ca. 0.2 V vs SCE. Plots of the disk current, idisk, at Ediskpeak vs ω1/2 were linear with a close to zero intercept. Measurements in which Edisk of the rotating ring-disk electrode was scanned, while Ering was fixed at a value negative enough for solution phase NO to undergo reduction, yielded plots of iring vs Edisk, which mirrored the peak found for idisk and thus was consistent with NO being one of the predominant products of NH2OH oxidation. In situ infrared measurements provided evidence for N2O being produced at the same onset potential of NH2OH oxidation. The disk polarization curves could be reproduced by theoretica...
Gallium-67 tomographic radionuclide imaging in pyelonephritis: A report of two cases

AbstractThe use of gallium-67 citrate and multiplane tomographic scanning enables localization of the site of focal infection. We present 2 cases in which this procedure was used to diagnose acute pyelonephritis.
Familial abnormalities of lymphocyte function in a large Sjögren's syndrome kindred.

A large kindred (32 members), whose proband had primary Sjogren's syndrome, was investigated to ascertain whether abnormalities of lymphocyte function were present in family members of patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Ten members of the kindred with autoimmune diseases, 17 blood relatives, 5 spouses, and 32 matched controls were studied. Concanavalin A induced suppression of pokeweed mitogen stimulated immunoglobulin synthesis was decreased in patients and blood relatives both with and without autoimmune diseases. Elevations of the mean T4/T8 ratio, due to decreased numbers of suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes, were present in both the disease group and the blood relatives. These abnormalities occurred independently of HLA and were not necessarily associated with autoantibodies.
The early history of paroxysmal dyskinesias.

The earliest reports of what we would call nowadays paroxysmal dyskinesias referred to a rubric of conditions with different labels of “movement-induced seizures,” “extrapyramidal seizures,” or “striatal epilepsy,” and since Gowers’ first description, these terminologies continued to appear in the literature into the 1970s. A significant turning point occurred with James Lance’s classification of these attacks of involuntary movements in 1977. Since then, these entities have been considered paroxysmal dyskinesias rather than seizures, and partially responsible for this switch may be attributed to the development of the subspecialty of movement disorders in the early 1980s. This chapter focuses on the early history of what we currently term paroxysmal kinesigenic, non-kinesigenic, exercise-induced, and hypnogenic dyskinesia as well as of related syndromes including episodic ataxia.
The Relation Between the Will, the Reason, and the Good

William James writes, “… our first act of freedom, if we are free, ought in all inward propriety to be to affirm that we are free. This should exclude, it seems to me, from the free will side of the question all hope of a coercive demonstration…”1