cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regions of the retinoblastoma gene product required for its interaction with the E2F transcription factor are necessary for E2 promoter repression and pRB-mediated growth suppression

Studies of naturally occurring mutations of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene have indicated that the E1A/T antigen-binding domain is important for pRb function. Mutations engineered within the C-terminal 135 amino acids of pRb also abrogate its growth-suppressive function during the G1 interval of the cell cycle. Both the pRb E1A/T antigen-binding domain and the C-terminal domain are required for interaction with the E2F transcription factor. A series of mutated pRb proteins has been used to define the C-terminal sequences which determine E2F binding, adenovirus E2 promoter inhibition, and negative growth control. Deletion of the C terminus to residue 870 allowed full pRb function, while further deletion to residue 841 inactivated pRb in each assay. Amino acid sequences immediately C-terminal to the E1A/T antigen-binding domain were absolutely required for pRb activity. Mutations which prevented pRb from interacting with E2F also eliminated pRb-mediated E2 promoter repression and inactivated the ability of pRb to suppress cell growth.
Climate Adaptation and Theories of Justice

In this essay, prepared in connection with an international symposium on philosophy, law, and environmental crisis, I argue that theories of justice can facilitate the impassioned and critically important national and international debates about what constitutes climate adaptation injustice and, where such injustice is identified, clarify debates about who is responsible for providing adaptation assistance. I identify the ways in which domestic and international climate vulnerability is a reflection of underlying socioeconomic vulnerability and provide a brief sketch of the types of adaptation policies at issue. I then analyze variants of corrective and distributive justice and their implications for adaptation policy, both internationally and domestically, and note the importance of participatory engagement. I conclude by arguing that distributive injustice – the facts on the ground – should be the starting point for determining entitlement to assistance, and that theories of corrective justice (through the polluter pays principle) and distributive justice (through the ability to pay principle) shape responsibility for providing that assistance.
Entering the Historical Problem Space: Whole-Class Text-Based Discussion in History Class.

Background/ContextThe Common Core State Standards reveals how little we understand about the components of effective discussion-based instruction in disciplinary history. Although the case for clas...
Is the Real Yield Curve Inverted

Lengwiler (2005) presents a model of an endowment economy in which economic actors have different degrees of patience. The model implies that the social discount rate declines as the time horizon increases and that the resulting term structure of the interest rate cannot be produced by a representative agent model. This paper examines the sensitivity of Lengwiler's results to changes in the model's assumptions. In particular, it examines what sort of changes to Lengwiler's model will yield an upward sloping or even flat real yield curve. Although this paper shows that it is possible to add production to Lengwiler's model without changing the results, it also shows that the results are sensitive to the curvature of the utility function. If it is assumed that utility from consumption is logarithmic, but utility from leisure is quadratic, this paper shows that it is possible for the yield curve to be upward-sloping, downward-sloping or horizontal. Finally the paper informally explores the effect of adding capital accumulation to the model and concludes that this would reinforce the tendency for the yield curve to have a downward slope. This reinforces the general conclusion that the shape of the utility function determines the shape of the real yield curve.
A New Phycitine Genus and Species from Utah (Pyraloidea: Pyralidae: Phycitinae)

ABSTRACT. The new genus Utah is described from moths collected in the San Rafael Reef area of eastern Utah and in Juab Co., western Utah near the Nevada border. The type species Utah sanrafaelensis is described. Adults and genitalia are illustrated.
2D-NMR Characterization of Sequence Distributions in the Backbone of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-tetrafluoroethylene)

NMR is a powerful tool to study the microstructures of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-tetrafluoroethylene), poly(VDF-co-TFE). This study shows that the microstructures in this copolymer can be established completely on the basis of 2D-NMR, in which improved dispersion is achieved by the second dimension (19F or 13C chemical shifts). 2D-NMR has been proven to be extremely effective for identifying the carbon sequence distributions in the polymer main chain. For lower level sequences (3- or 5-carbon sequences), resonance assignments on the basis of one- and two-bond 19F{13C} gradient heteronuclear single quantum coherence (gHSQC) experiments are in good agreement with assignments obtained by traditional methods. Higher level sequences (7- or 9-carbon sequences), which can not be assigned unambiguously by traditional methods, were determined by 19F–19F gradient double quantum correlation spectroscopy (gdqCOSY), which provides 19F–19F correlations over 3–5 bonds. A quantitative study was also conducted on the co...
Timing of Iapetus Ocean rifting from Ar geochronology of pseudotachylytes in the St. Lawrence rift system of southern Quebec

Laser ablation 40 Ar/ 39 Ar step-heating analyses for encapsulated and unencapsulated pseudotachylytes from a Neoproterozoic normal fault belonging to the St. Lawrence rift system (Canada) preserve the absolute timing of rifting and initial opening of the Iapetus Ocean. The total gas and retention ages for encapsulated pseudotachylytes from the Montmorency fault (Quebec City) are 610.3 ± 4.6 Ma and 619.0 ± 2.5 Ma. Ten unencapsulated analyses from two pseudotachylyte veins with varying matrix/clast ratios yield total gas ages of 634.7 ± 1.6–663.9 ± 1.8 Ma. These ages show an excellent linear relationship with the proportion of clast inclusions, resulting in lower intercept ages (i.e., no host rock) of 613.3 and 614.2 Ma. These statistically indistinguishable ages constrain major seismic faulting along the St. Lawrence rift system and significantly improve prior estimates for late Neoproterozoic rifting of Iapetus. The upper intercepts, reflecting host-rock ages, match cooling ages of Grenville basement in the area. We conclude that the time of major continental rifting along the northern Laurentian margin and initiation of the Iapetus Ocean occurred at 613–614 Ma, coeval with emplacement of the 615 Ma Long Range dikes of Labrador. This study also demonstrates that Ar geochronology of pseudotachylytes using varying clast/matrix ratios is a robust method to date ancient faulting.
Long-Term Outcome of Idiopathic Macrocephaly

The neuroradiological, developmental, and psychological, long-term sequelae of 41 infants (30 boys, 11 girls) diagnosed with macrocephaly (an occipito-facial head circumference [OFC] >95th centile) at a family health service visit between 1985 and 1986 were studied at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children and other centers in Sydney, Australia.
Effect of adding polydextrose on the quality characteristics of low-sodium salt sausages

The dietary fiber polydextrose at 0%,1%,2%,and 3% application levels was added to sausage formulated with reduced amounts of sodium salt. Quality characteristics of the low-sodium salt sausages,including color,sensory attributes(evaluated by a taste panel and electronic tongue),water-holding capacity,and textural profile were analyzed. The results showed that with increasing the polydextrose content the brightness and yellow values of low-sodium salt sausages decreased,while red value increased. The sensory quality of low-sodium salt sausages was lower at KCl and Ca Cl2 partial substitution for Na Cl. While the substitutions reduced sourness and umami flavor. Water-holding capacity had increased at KCl partial substitution for Na Cl. The texture results demonstrated that different salt substitute had relative larger impaction on the texture of sausages,but polydextrose had enhanced on hardness,gumminess and chewiness of sausages with KCl partial substitution for Na Cl.
Determintion of nitrite and nitrate in double food with ion chromatography

Objective:A simultaneous analysis of nitrite and nitrate in double food with ion chromatography was constructed.Methods:The samples were filtered with 0.22 μm of filter membrane after protein and fat precipitated.Under a temperature of 20℃,a Supp 5-250 4.0 mm×250 mm was used as anion analytical column for separation and the conductivity detector was used for detection.Results:The calibration plot was found to be linear in the range of 0.10~1.0 mg/L,1.0~10.0 mg/L for nitrite and nitrate respectively with correlation coefficient of 0.9997 and 0.9992.The RSD were 0.81%~1.51% and 0.95%~1.76% with detection limit of 0.004 mg/L,0.005 mg/L for nitrite and nitrate respectively.The recovery were 95.8%~101.3% and 94.7%~104.2%.Conclusion:The method is simple,rapid,accurate and reliable.
Zhuang Ze and Chinese Theater of Absurdity

Zhuang Ze was the origin of Chinese Theater of Absurdity for it emphasized absurd reality and the extraordinary experiences of human beings. In the West,the spirits pursued and appraised by the Western Theater of Absurdity unexpectedly matched the absurd spirits originated from Zhuang Ze. By case studies on classical literature, such as “Zhuangzhous Dreaming of Butterflies” and “Hunduns Dying of Digging Seven Holes”, this paper discovers the unique way of aesthetic search of Zhuang Ze and its thinking of human absurd existence, proving that absurdity is the truth of common internal experiences of human kind. The concept of Absurdity that bears real modern significance has been made and aesthetics of absurdity has been formed since the outcome of Zhuang Ze. Furthermore, it exerts great influence on later literature, especially on the birth and the development of Chinese Theater of Absurdity.
Distribution of systemic functional genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic O3:K6 clone

Objective:To study the distribution characteristics of systemic functional genes such as tdh,toxRS/new,orf8,HU-а,VP2905,MTase in O3:K6 pandemic clone,pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Methods:922 strains,including 180 O3:K6 strains,42 pathogenic strains and 700 nonpathogenic strains,were tested with PCR to analyze the distribution of these systemic functional genes based on our past studies.Results:Most of the O3:K6 pandemic clone strains had these systemic functional genes while only a few pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains harbored few of these genes.Conclusion:The systemic functional genes mainly existed in pandemic strains and played a great role in the forming course of pandemic clone and its infectious mechanism to human,while only individual genes existed in very few pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains occasionally.It could be confirmed as a pandemic strain when the strain had four or more than six systemic functional genes.
Tl 1 Ca n − 1 Ba 2 Cu n O 2 n + 3 ( n = 1 , 2 , 3 ): A New Class of Crystal Structures Exhibiting Volume Superconductivity at up to ≃110 K

We report the discovery of three new phases in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O system, Tl/sub 1/Ca/sub n//sub -1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub n/O/sub 2//sub n//sub +3/ (n = 1,2,3), one of which (n = 3) exhibits bulk superconductivity at approx. =110 K. The crystal structures of these new materials are closely related to that of Tl/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/, the recently discovered 125-K superconductor. All of these compounds contain Cu perovskitelike units, but whereas these are separated by bilayer Tl-O sheets in the 125-K material these are separated by monolayer Tl-O sheets in the new structures, enabling an examination of the role played by the coupling between successive Cu perovskite units on superconducting properties.
A preoperative interdisciplinary biopsychosocial opioid reduction program in patients on chronic opioid analgesia prior to spine surgery: A preliminary report and case series.

Abstract Background Spine surgery candidates are commonly treated with long-term opioid analgesia. However, chronic opioid analgesia is associated with poor pain control, psychological distress, decreased functional status and operative complications. Therefore, our medical centre piloted an outpatient biopsychosocial interdisciplinary opioid reduction program for spine surgery candidates on chronic opioid analgesia. Methods Our case series reviews the outcomes of the first 5 interdisciplinary program completers. Data was collected on admission to the program, preoperatively at completion of the program, and 1 month postoperatively. We recorded changes in pain interference scores, physical functioning, and symptoms of depression and anxiety as captured by the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29) Profile. Results The mean duration of the preoperative opioid reduction program was 6–7 weeks. The mean morphine equivalent daily dose (SD) decreased from 238.2 (226.9) mg on admission to 157.1 (161.0) mg preoperatively and 139.1 (84.0) mg one month postoperatively. Similarly, the mean pain interference score (SD) decreased from 72.4 (5.1) on admission to 66.5 (6.9) preoperatively and 67.7 (5.4) one month postoperatively. The preoperative opioid dose and pain interference scores decreased in all 5 patients, but one month postoperatively increased in one patient related to a surgical complication. Pre- and post-operative depression, anxiety and fatigue improved in all patients. Satisfaction with participation in social roles, sleep disturbances, and physical functioning improved in most patients. Conclusions Pre- and post-operative pain improved despite the opioid dose being tapered. These preliminary data suggest that a short-term outpatient preoperative interdisciplinary biopsychosocial opioid reduction program is safe, feasible, and improves patient-centred outcomes. Implications Our preliminary data support the rationale for expansion of the opioid reduction program; opioid use and pain should be evaluated in all surgical candidates. These findings need to be replicated in larger studies.
Graded prognostic assessment (GPA) of HER2 positive breast cancer patients with brain metastases.

589 Background: Brain metastasis (BM) is a serious complication of HER2+ breast cancer (BC). We evaluated prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in a contemporary cohort of patients (pts) wit...
ALTERATIONS IN P53 AND CATHEPSIN D FOLLOWING HYDROGEN PEROXIDE EXPOSURE IN PC12 CELLS

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress induced-apoptosis increases the expression of certain transcriptional factors and protein expression in the cell. Specifically, P53, which is a DNA transcriptional factor, plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis (programmed cell death) and increases in expression following oxidative stress. Cathepsin D (CD), and Cathepsin B (CB), which are lysosomal proteases, are also associated with apoptosis as seen in the expression change during oxidative stress induced-apoptosis. Interestingly, P53 is a transcriptional factor for CD and is believed that CB regulates p53. PURPOSE: In this study our objective is to look at the regulation of CD by p53 and CB. METHODS: In each experiment PC12 cells were treated with 100iM H2O2 for 30min, 4hrs, 12hrs, and 24hrs. Pifithrin, (p53 inhibitor) and Papstatin A (Cathepsin D inhibitor) were also used to determine the role of P53 and CD following H2O2. Cell viability was measured by MTS. Apoptosis was determined using TUNEL staining. CD...
Semiotic Engineering – An Opportunity or an Opportunity Missed?

Semiotics has to be understood as the conceptual undergirding of any form of design and engineering. While it does not provide operational means, it rather demands understanding of design and engineering aspects in a broad sense. Without the underlying semiotics, design and engineering remain mere problem-solving activities, and therefore will fall short of achieving their formative function. Through design, interaction languages, pertinent to engineering, contribute to shaping culture. In the end, semiotics contributes to making such languages available. The world before the computer and the world after the computer, including the ubiquitous smartphone, are not only technologically different, but also essentially culturally different. With the smartphone we progress from mere data processing to machine learning based interactive computation. The hybrid human-interactive computation has anticipatory characteristics.
“I’ll see you in Mystic Falls”: intimacy, feelings, and public issues in Ian Somerhalder’s celebrity activism

ABSTRACTCritics of celebrity activism often assume that fans blindly follow celebrities who invite them to support celebrity activism and charity. These fans are often imagined as participating in celebrity activism only because their beloved celebrity asked them to — not out of any kind of rational understanding of a political issue, awareness of a public problem, or commitment to a public issue. We contest this view of celebrity activism. Drawing on scholars like Bennett, Ellcessor, and Chouliaraki, we argue that the case of Ian Somerhalder demonstrates that a commitment to a celebrity may actually be connected to a commitment to a public issue. We trace the ways in which Somerhalder plays with the slippage between television celebrity and his character, arguing that such slippage merges the intimacy fans feel for Damon with the intimacy fans feel for Somerhalder and imbues Somerhalder’s environmental appeals with the values his on-screen character comes to represent in The Vampire Diaries. We argue tha...
Prolactin controls Na+,Cl- cotransporter via Stat5 pathway in the teleost gill.

Abstract In some freshwater fish species, the control of gill Na, Cl cotransporter (Ncc2b) by prolactin appears to be instrumental to ionic homeostasis. This study was carried out to examine the signaling pathways involved in prolactin-mediated salt retention using gill explants from Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Ovine prolactin induced a concentration-dependent stimulation of ncc2b with significant effects of 10, 100 and 1000 ng of hormone per mL media (2–6 fold). To understand the molecular mechanisms mediating prolactin control of gill function, we analyzed effects on signaling pathways known to be involved in the hormones action in other systems, namely Stat5, Akt and Erk1/2. Their activation was examined in a time course and concentration response experiment. Prolactin (1 μg mL−1) induced a rapid phosphorylation (stimulation) of Stat5 (10 min) that reached a plateau after 30 min and was maintained for at least 120 min. The effect of prolactin on Stat5 phosphorylation was concentration-dependent (4–12 fold). No activation of Akt or Erk1/2 was observed in either experiment. The Stat5 activation was further investigated in localization studies that demonstrated strong nuclear expression of phosphorylated Stat5 in prolactin-treated gill ionocytes. Using specific inhibitors, we analyzed the signalling pathways mediating prolactin induction of gill ncc2b. Co-incubation experiments showed that Stat5 inhibition blocked prolactin's stimulation of ncc2b expression, while PI3K-Akt and Mek1/2-Erk1/2 pathway inhibitors had no effect. These findings show that ncc2b expression is dependent on prolactin's downstream activation of Stat5 and its subsequent nuclear translocation within branchial ionocytes.
RESC: an approach for real-time, dynamic agent tracking

Agent tracking involves monitoring the observable actions of other agents as well as inferring their unobserved actions, plans, goals and behaviors. In a dynamic, real-time environment, an intelligent agent faces the challenge of tracking other agents' flexible mix of goal-driven and reactive behaviors, and doing so in real-time, despite ambiguities. This paper presents RESC (REal-time Situated Commitments), an approach that enables an intelligent agent to meet this challenge. RESC's situatedness derives from its constant uninterrupted attention to the current world situation -- it always tracks other agents' on-going actions in the context of this situation. Despite ambiguities, RESC quickly commits to a single interpretation of the on-going actions (without an extensive examination of the alternatives), and uses that in service of interpretation of future actions. However, should its commitments lead to inconsistencies in tracking, it uses single-state backtracking to undo some of the commitments and repair the inconsistencies. Together, RESC's situatedness, immediate commitment, and single-state backtracking conspire in providing RESC its real-time character. RESC is implemented in the context of intelligent pilot agents participating in a real-world synthetic air-combat environment. Experimental results illustrating RESC's effectiveness are presented.
161-P: REAL TIME (AND COST) SAVINGS WITH REAL TIME PCR DECEASED DONOR MOLECULAR TYPING

Aim UNOS requires that deceased donor (DD) HLA typing be performed by molecular methods. Antibodies to more and varied HLA alleles are detected by Luminex single antigen beads making crossmatch interpretation potentially difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time and cost of performing DD molecular typing with Real Time PCR. Methods We compared the cost and time it takes to obtain a low resolution DNA typing by our current method standard PCR-SSP/Serology typing to the Real–Time (RT) PCR typing by Linkage Biosystems. Eight previously DNA typed samples were tested by RT PCR kit HLA-ABCDRDQA1DQB1DP+ kit. RT PCR uses the melt curve analysis to identify different alleles. Our current deceased donor typing method includes class I and II testing for HLA A,B,C,DRB1,DRB3,4,5 and DQB using serologic and molecular techniques. We use both methods to guard against no-amps by PCR and to identify any nulls alleles. Typing kits, reagents and tech time were included in the total cost analysis. Results All the HLA typings agreed. DNA isolation was required for both assays and was not included in the comparison [ Table 1 ]. Tech time savings with RT PCR was 140 minutes. The increased tech time for Std PCR typing was due to the need for multiple kits. The RT PCR software analysis streamlines the antigen assignment by identifying rare alleles. The cost to run the null trays and test for DP, and DQA alleles using Std PCR which are all available on one RT PCR kit, was $419 and doubled the tech time. Conclusions RT PCR offers a time and cost efficient way to perform low resolution molecular DD typing. In our lab, Std PCR is still necessary for higher resolution typing.
USE OF CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING LEADS TO DIAGNOSIS OF HEMOGLOBIN C TRAIT IN A PATIENT WITH DISCREPANT HEMOGLOBIN A1C AND SELF-MONITORED BLOOD GLUCOSE.

ABSTRACT Objective: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a useful tool for the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus and generally an excellent marker of overall glycemic control for the preceding 8 t...
Assisted suicide, the inviolability of life, and the right to self-defense

Summary In the debate over assisted suicide, some argue against the practice of assisting another in his/her suicide by appeal to the inviolability of human life; call such views inviolability of life views (ILV). Although there are several ways that one could defend ILV, one secular defense, a defense that can be found in Neil Gorsuch's book The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia (Gorsuch, 2006), is as follows: human life is intrinsically valuable, and so we consequently have a duty to refrain from intentionally harming human life. Since assisted suicide, by definition, involves the intentional infliction of harm, assisted suicide is always inconsistent with the view that human life is intrinsically valuable. In this paper, I argue that the principle driving Gorsuch's argument – that we ought never to intentionally harm human life – is ambiguous. When clarified, the principle directs us to refrain from intentionally harming human biological life and human psychological life. I argue that it is not possible, in all cases, to satisfy both directives issued by the principle, rendering the principle problematic. In the closing section of the paper, I show that Gorsuch's principle is in fact consistent with some cases of assisted suicide. I suggest that suicide is, in some morally significant ways, similar to self-defense; just as it is at least permissible to assist in the self-defense of another, it is likewise permissible to assist in the suicide of another.
Transição de carreira: mudança profissional a partir dos 40 anos

O cenario mundial, as novas perspectivas no mercado de trabalho, sao fatores que favorecem os profissionais a trilharem novos caminhos. O sujeito que deseja reinventar-se para alem do que e conhecido, tem uma nova chance de aproximar suas inclinacoes, perfil e interesses, a uma segunda carreira. Para esse estudo, utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, numa amostra de oito entrevistados, acima de quarenta anos, e que optaram pela segunda carreira. O artigo apontou a importância do processo de transicao de carreira e sua relacao com escolhas assertivas, motivada pelas inclinacoes profissionais e conduzidas por meio de autonomia, autodirecao e habilidade para aprender.
Is There a Role for Natural Antibodies in Rejection Following Transplantation

Antibody-mediated rejection continues to hinder long-term survival of solid organ allografts. Natural antibodies (Nabs) with polyreactive and autoreactive properties have recently emerged as potential contributors to antibody-mediated graft rejection. This review discusses Nabs, their functions in health and disease, their significance in rejection following kidney, heart, and lung transplantation, and their implication in serum reactivity to key antigens associated with rejection. Finally, potential effector mechanisms of Nabs in the context of transplantation are explored.
Replicating the Theoretical Associations: A Laboratory Course in Attribution Theory

Hungry rats typically run faster for food than do satiated rats, and the greater the amount and quality of the incentive, the quicker they run. People tend to resume tasks that they have not completed. In achievement contexts, those high in achievement needs prefer intermediate-difficulty tasks. Success at a chance task produces lesser increments in the subjective expectancy of future success than does success at a skill-related task. These facts provided the needed empirical foundations for the respective theories of Hull (1943), Lewin (1935), Atkinson (1964), and Rotter (1966). This is not to assert that the empirical relations outlined above cannot be interpreted with alternative conceptions: The desire for intermediate risk can be explained without the concepts of expectancy and value used by Atkinson, and expectancy changes in skill and chance settings can be accounted for without recourse to the locus-of-control concept adopted by Rotter and his colleagues. Nonetheless, these facts did provide the building blocks for the respective development of achievement theory and social learning (locus of control) theory.
Negative instructor communication behaviours: exploring associations between instructor misbehaviours and the classroom learning environment

Given the array of positive outcomes associated with building and maintaining a positive learning environment, the purpose of this study was to explore associations between student perceptions of the classroom learning environment and perceived instructor’s misbehaviours. Several dimensions of the learning environment were found to be associated with how students viewed instructor misbehaviours. These findings provide another unique perspective on the importance of instructor’s communication behaviours and how they can influence students’ overall impressions of the learning environment.
Thermocouple-tip-exposing temperature assessment technique for evaluating photothermal conversion efficiency of plasmonic nanoparticles at low laser power density.

A new thermocouple (TC) tip-exposing temperature assessment technique that combines experimental temperature measurements with a numerical model of the photothermal conversion efficiency η is presented. The proposed technique is designed to evaluate η for a gold-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO-Au NP) solution (26 nm, 12–70 ppm) at low continuous wave laser power (103 mW, 532 nm) irradiation in a convenient manner under ambient conditions. The TC tip temperature is measured during the first 30 s of the laser exposure, and the results are combined with a finite element model to simulate the temperature rise of the NP solution for a given concentration. The value of η is adjusted in the model until the model agrees with the measured transient TC temperature rise. Values of η = 1.00 were observed for all concentrations. Theoretical predictions of η derived by Mie theory confirmed the near unity conversion efficiency of the as-synthesized SPIO-Au NPs. Advantages of the current technique include co-locating the TC tip in the geometric center of the laser-heated region, rather than outside of this region. In addition, the technique can be done under ambient room conditions using unmodified commercially available hardware.
Isolation and characterization of new human carrier peptides from two important vaccine immunogens.

Abstract In the preparation of glycoconjugate vaccines in clinical practice, two highly immunogenic carrier proteins, CRM197 and tetanus toxoid (TT), are predominantly conjugated with the capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of bacterial pathogens. In addition, TT has long been used as an effective vaccine to prevent tetanus. While these carrier proteins play an important role in immunogenicity and vaccine design alike, their defined human major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) T cell epitopes are inadequately characterized. In this current work, we use mass spectrometry to identify the peptides from these carrier proteins that are naturally processed and presented by human B cells via MHCII pathway. The MHCII-presented peptides are screened for their T cell stimulation using primary CD4+ T cells from four healthy adult donors. These combined methods reveal a subset of eleven CD4+ T cell epitopes that proliferate and stimulate human T cells with diverse MHCII allelic repertoire. Six of these peptides stand out as potential immunodominant epitopes by responding in three or more donors. Additionally, we provide evidence of these natural epitopes eliciting more significant T cell responses in donors than previously published TT peptides selected from T cell epitope screening. This study serves toward understanding carrier protein immune responses and thus enables the use of these peptides in developing novel knowledge-based vaccines to combat persisting problems in glycoconjugate vaccine design.
State-of-the-Art Review: Hypertension Practice Guidelines in the Era of COVID-19

The global burden of hypertension (HTN) is immense and increasing. In fact, HTN is the leading risk factor for adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes. Due to the critical significance and increasing prevalence of the disease, several national and international societies have recently updated their guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of HTN. In consideration of the COVID-19 pandemic, this report provides clinicians with the best strategies to prevent HTN, manage the acute and long-term cardiac complications of HTN, and provide the best evidence-based care to patients in an ever-changing healthcare environment. The overarching goal of the various HTN guidelines is to provide easily accessible information to healthcare providers and public health officials, which is key for optimal clinical practice. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the ability to provide safe care to the most vulnerable hypertensive populations throughout the world. Therefore, this review compares the most recent guidelines of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and multiple U.S. societies, the 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension, the 2019 National Institute for Care and Health Excellence, and the 2020 International Society of Hypertension. While a partial emphasis is placed on the management of HTN in the midst of COVID-19, this review will summarize current concepts and emerging data from the listed HTN guidelines on the diagnosis, monitoring, management, and evidence-based treatments in adults.
Belief-prefix Control for Autonomously Dodging Switching Disturbances

This paper presents a new method of controller synthesis for hidden mode switched systems, where the disturbances are the quantities that are affected by the unobserved switches. Rather than using model discrimination techniques that rely on modifying desired control actions to achieve identification, the controller uses consistency sets which map the measured external behaviors to a belief about which mode signal is being executed and a control action. This hybrid controller is a prefix-based controller, where the prefixes come from an offline constructed belief graph that incorporates prior information about switching sequences with potential reachable sets of the dynamics. While the mode signal is hidden to the controller, the system's location on the belief graph is fully observed and allows for this problem to be transformed into a design problem in which a discrete mode, in terms of beliefs, is directly observed. Finally, it is shown that affine controllers dependent on prefixes of such beliefs can be synthesized via linear programming.
Fabrication of Lignocellulosic Biomass Paper Containing Nanofibrillated Biomass

Fibrillated cellulose has been frequently used for making nanopapers and thin films. However, limited work has been carried out in the construction of such materials using native lignocellulosic biomass. Making papers from fibrillated biomass allows complete utilization of whole plant material and may reduce chemical and energy consumption. Ultra-friction grinding was used to directly fibrillate knife-milled poplar into micro- to nano-sized biomass fibers. Papers were made using the fibrillated biomass containing nanofibrillated biomass and their mechanical properties were tested. Biomass papers made via press-drying had higher tensile strength than papers made by air-drying. A higher press-drying temperature of 180 °C produced stronger papers than at 150 °C. Guar gum substantially increased the strength of the press-dried papers in comparison to cationic starch. Press-drying increased the thermogravimetric peak decomposition temperature by 13 °C in comparison to air-drying.
Growth Effects of Sports Franchises, Stadiums, and Arenas: 15 Years Later

A 1999 study by Dennis Coates and Brad R. Humphreys found the presence of major sports franchises to have no significant impact on the growth rate of per capita personal income and to be negatively correlated with the level of per capita personal income for a sample of all cities that had been home to at least one franchise in any of three professional sports?baseball, basketball, and football?at some time between 1969 and 1994. This paper returns to the questions Coates and Humphreys asked using an additional 17 years of data and a number of new stadiums, arenas, and franchises. The data cover 1969?2011 and add hockey and soccer franchises to the mix while also including all standard metropolitan statistical areas rather than just those that housed franchises in the major professional leagues. The analysis also adds two new dependent variables: wage and salary disbursements and wages per job. The results here are generally similar to those of Coates and Humphreys; the array of sports variables, including presence of franchises, arrival and departure of clubs in a metropolitan area, and stadium and arena construction, is statistically significant. However, individual coefficients frequently indicate harmful effects of sports on per capita income, wage and salary disbursements, and wages per job.
Habeas, History, and Hermeneutics

Supreme Court Justices Clarence Thomas and Neil Gorsuch recently proposed a radical shrinking of federal habeas corpus relief for state prisoners who are in custody pursuant to a final judgment of criminal conviction. They called for a return to the supposedly traditional principle that federal courts cannot grant habeas relief to such prisoners unless the state court that sentenced them lacked jurisdiction. This Article explains that (1) this supposedly traditional principle was not, in fact, a traditional principle of habeas, and (2) even if it were, Congress has displaced it by statute. Exploring the errors in the Justices’ arguments provides valuable lessons in the proper uses of historical materials and in the hermeneutics of statutory interpretation.
Pedagogical residency and teacher training: critical appointments about training programmes as means of social policy

The objective of this research is to analyze the Pedagogical Residence Program instituted by the Brazilian Federal Government as a social policy, in order to point out contributions and setbacks in relation to its implementation in Brazilian federal universities. By means of a bibliographic survey, it is qualitative approach reasearch and it uses the critical theoretical references based on the discussions of Novoa, Contreras, Marcelo Garcia, Mellouki and Gauthier to support the analysis related to the understanding of teacher education and public policy social programs. We use notes from Antonio Novoa (2009) to think about the creation of a teacher training program considering the contemporary challenges. Studies show the need to redefine the pedagogical residence program so that we can advance in favor of a larger project for teacher education in Brazil.
A Song of Innocence

Mr. Mclntyre was standing there and I didn't recognize him, and then it started happening. I thought one of my bad spells was coming on, the words were com ing out of me so fast that while I could hear them inside me I couldn't connect up with them. It was like in the night when you're in bed and somebody walking along in the middle of the street in the dark lets out one of those oie long, slow winding whoops that's neither a word or a song?you know. . . . And you hear it come sailing over the houses and the trees and on until it's starting to die away like a train's whistle when it's moving way yonder, out in the west, and then somebody else hears it falling away in a far street and he lets out a whoop be cause he can't help but keep it going and you hear it floating back out of the shadows and the dark while you lie there listening to both of them walking and listening and whooping and whooping and walking and listening with neither one knowing what those whoops are saying or who they're saying it to. But you know that they've got to be saying something because all that lonesome rising and falling of sound like singing has you by the short hair and dragging you out into the ole calcified night of loneliness toward the unsayable meaning of man kind's outrageous condition in this world (See, there they go again! Pay them no mind, Mr. Mclntyre, they on their own. I try, I try awfully hard but they won't behave). . . . So I roll over on the pallet and listen to those whoops rising and falling and dying and you try to understand what they're saying and even though you will never in this world quite make it before sleep comes down, you know just the same that it means beyond anything the straight words could ever say. You're here and they're there and there and you're still here and they're moving on and the sound and the meaning's passing out there back and forth in the night. So you fall asleep and the sound falls off the soft edge of your mind into the depths of all you can't hold or understand, or see or be, and they keep walking
Deflationism, Meaning and Truth-Conditions

Evaluation de l'argument de la determination dans le cadre des theories de la signification comme condition de verite. Comparant les versions deflationniste et epistemique de l'argument, l'A. conclut en refutant la conception deflationniste de la verite.
A thermodynamical formulation for dispersed multiphase turbulent flows. II: Simple shear flows for dense mixtures

Abstract Using the turbulence model for dispersed multiphase flows developed in Part I [ Int. J. Multiphase Flow 16 , 323–340 (1990)], simple shear flows of a dense solid-fluid mixture are studied. The equations governing the transport of mass, momentum and fluctuation kinetic energy for different phases are reviewed and their simplified forms for the case of a simple shear flow are considered. The resulting algebraic equations for the fluctuation kinetic energies are solved by an iterative method and the variations of the normal and shear stresses with the shear rate and solid volume fraction are studied. Particular attention is given to the effects of the fluid phase. It is shown that the predictions of the model agree reasonably well with the available experimental data.
Pathways to the Professorate: The Development of Faculty Identity in Education

This study describes the development of initial faculty identities of doctoral students in education as they transition and adjust to the professorate. The findings are based on constant comparative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 30 participants at 14 universities. Interview data are supplemented by participant journals and materials, including curriculum vitae, website materials, and program documents. I identified five archetypal pathways to the professorate: anointed, pilgrim, visionary, philosopher, and drifter. Discussion of these pathways focuses on how these students decide to pursue a career in education and how they characterize their socialization and transition into the professorate.
Virtual Reality in the World of Holograms

If we assume that the initial conditions for the universe were such that there was no volume-extensive entropy `at the beginning of time' (which is true in Linde's chaotic inflation), we can formulate a covariant holographic bound on the entanglement entropy inside or outside closed space-like surfaces. This bound should hold even for regions where the coarse-grained entropy exceeds the surface area. We find that Bousso's bound gives strong support for this conjecture. We also present a speculative interpretation of the entropy bound, according to which any observer of interest can be surrounded by a holographic screen, providing a non-redundant description of the rest of the universe.
The Escherichia coli adenylate cyclase complex. Regulation by enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system.

Abstract The activity of adenylate cyclase of Escherichia coli measured in toluene-treated cells under standard conditions is subject to control by the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). Sugars such as glucose, which are transported by the PTS, will inhibit adenylate cyclase provided the PTS is functional. An analysis was made of the properties of E. coli strains carrying mutations in PTS proteins. Leaky mutants in the PTS protein HPr are similar to wild-type strains with respect to cAMp regulation; adenylate cyclase activity in toluene-treated cells and intracellular cAMP levels are in the normal range. Furthermore, adenylate cyclase in toluene-treated cells of leaky HPr mutants is inhibited by glucose. In contrast, mutations in the PTS protein Enzyme I result in abnormalities in cAMP regulation. Enzyme I mutants generally have low intracellular cAMP levels. Leaky Enzyme I mutants show an unusual phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase that is not seen in Enzyme I+ revertants or in Enzyme I deletions. A leaky Enzyme I mutant exhibits changes in the temperature-activity profile for adenylate cyclase, indicating that adenylate cyclase activity is controlled by Enzyme I. Temperature-shift studies suggest a functional complex between adenylate cyclase and a regulator protein at 30 °C that can be reversibly dissociated at 40 °C. These studies further support the model for adenylate cyclase activation that involves phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of a PTS protein complexed to adenylate cyclase.
What was the fastest 100m final

In a previous article (physics/9705004), the best 100m performances in track and field were determined by accounting for wind effects and atmospheric drag. In this report, I seek to ascertain what was the "fastest" 100m final through a statistical analysis of the competitors' times. Considered are the 100 finals from the 1984-1996 Olympic Games, the 1983-1997 World Championships, and the 1996 Grand Prix Final from Lausanne, SWI, in which Frank Fredericks (Namibia) recorded the only sub-9.90s time ever into a head-wind (9.86s, -0.4 m/s).
A Multitier Wireless Spectrum Sharing System Leveraging Secure Spectrum Auctions

Secure spectrum auctions can revolutionize the spectrum utilization of cellular networks and satisfy the ever increasing demand for resources. In this paper, a multitier dynamic spectrum sharing system is studied for efficient sharing of spectrum with commercial wireless system providers (WSPs), with an emphasis on federal spectrum sharing. The proposed spectrum sharing system provides an efficient usage of spectrum resources, manages intra-WSP and inter-WSP interference, and provides essential level of security, privacy, and obfuscation to enable the most efficient and reliable usage of the shared spectrum. It features an intermediate spectrum auctioneer responsible for allocating resources to commercial WSPs by running secure spectrum auctions. The proposed secure spectrum auction, MTSSA, leverages Paillier cryptosystem to avoid possible fraud and bid-rigging. Numerical simulations are provided to compare the performance of MTSSA and its computational and communication complexity, in the considered spectrum sharing system, with other spectrum auction mechanisms for realistic cellular systems.
Evaluation of the Beckman "System TR enzyme Analyzer".

We evaluated 16 claims made by Beckman Instruments, Inc. for its Enzyme Analyzer (System TR), under a rigid written protocol for the Product Evaluation Subcommittee of the Standards Committee of the College of American Pathologists. We found the following to be within the company's specifications: ( a ) accuracy and precision of the temperature control; ( b ) accuracy and precision of the sample and reagent pipets; ( c ) instrument precision, both within-run and between-day; ( d ) carry-over from a sample with activity > 1000 U/liter; ( e ) instrument-to-instrument variation; ( f ) analytical linearity; ( g ) analysis time; ( h ) correlation of the instrumentprinted answer with the activity calculated manually from a strip-chart recorder; ( i ) precision of the instrument's built-in electronic "standard"; ( j ) effectiveness of the over-range indicators; and ( k ) correlation between results of these enzyme assay methods and those for kinetic methods used in our laboratory. The instrument performed well.