cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PCR-Based Detection of DNA Copy Number Variation

Copy number variations are important polymorphisms that can influence gene expression within and close to the rearranged region, and results in phenotypic variation. Techniques that detect abnormalities in DNA copy number are therefore useful for studying the associations between DNA aberrations and disease phenotype and for locating critical genes. PCR-based detection of copy number of target gene using TaqMan copy number assay offers a reliable method to measure copy number variation in human genome.
Role of oxygen vacancies in crystalline WO3

Oxygen vacancies have been invoked to explain electrochromic behavior in WO3, but the microscopic mechanism behind this phenomenon remains under debate. We use hybrid density functional theory to investigate the local atomic relaxations, formation energy, and possible charge states of the various configurations of the oxygen vacancy in the monoclinic and cubic phase of WO3. Our results indicate that the oxygen vacancy is a shallow donor, most stable in the +2 charge state (V2+O), and does not introduce deep levels in the band gap. We therefore conclude that the oxygen vacancy in WO3 simply introduces carriers to the conduction band, and discuss its implications on observed material properties, including electrical conductivity and electrochromism.
Aggression in autism spectrum disorder: presentation and treatment options

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent difficulties in social communication and social interaction, coupled with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior or interest. Research indicates that aggression rates may be higher in individuals with ASD compared to those with other developmental disabilities. Aggression is associated with negative outcomes for children with ASD and their caregivers, including decreased quality of life, increased stress levels, and reduced availability of educational and social support. Therapeutic strategies including functional behavioral assessment, reinforcement strategies, and functional communication training may have a significant impact in reducing the frequency and intensity of aggressive behavior in individuals with ASD. Pharmacologic treatments, particularly the use of second-generation antipsychotics, may also be of some benefit in reducing aggression in individuals with ASD. With the ever-increasing rate of ASD diagnosis, development of effective therapeutic and pharmacologic methods for preventing and treating aggression are essential to improving outcomes in this disorder.
Prevalence and the Shift in Age of Onset

Bipolar disorder is presenting at a younger age of onset. In the past, many children with bipolar disorder were undiagnosed and ended up in juvenile detention centers. These children were also often misdiagnosed with severe attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or conduct disorder. In addition, an increased prevalence rate of substance use disorders and possibly stimulant prescriptions may be responsible for the shift in age of onset of bipolar disorder. The most compelling epidemiological observations have come out of the Netherlands, where they typically treat ADHD behaviorally rather than with stimulants. Childhood bipolar disorder remains unidentified in the Netherlands despite aggressive searching, whereas adolescent and adult bipolar disorder has been found in numbers similar to those in the United States. This provides cross-sectional epidemiological evidence that stimulants may be shifting the age of onset in patients who are presenting with potentially prodromal bipolar symptoms. Lastly, several researchers speculate that trinucleotide repeats in the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) may be responsible for so-called genetic anticipation phenomenon, by which expansion of trinucleotide repeats in successive generations may be shifting the age of onset to an earlier age. These are just some of the mechanistic possibilities for why we are seeing a shift in the age of onset of bipolar disorder.Lewinsohn and colleagues found that the lifetime prevalence of adolescent bipolar I and II disorder is ~1%, with a 5% lifetime prevalence rate of subsyndromal bipolar disorder. Many symptomatic children and adolescents do not meet full duration criteria for a hypomanic or manic episode, or they may be one symptom short of meeting criteria for the disorder.
Accounting for Variation in Life Cycle Inventories: The Case of Portland Cement Production in the U.S.

Variation in life cycle inventories (LCI) for a materials industry are significant but rarely reported, in spite of the fact that inventories are often created by aggregating data from several locations. In this study, two approaches for aggregating LCI data, inventory-level (horizontal) and plant-level (vertical), were compared in the context of a specific materials industry: portland cement production in North America. We present a derivation of the methodologies to highlight the similarities and differences. Finally, we show results from a life cycle impact assessment of cradle-to-gate portland cement production using a Monte Carlo simulation approach to explore the quantitative differences. For the case study, we observe that the mean values of GWP using both approaches are similar, but the standard deviations can be significantly different. The reasons for this difference — the handling of correlation across exchange magnitudes within a facility and zero-inflated data — are discussed.
Mentoring for Inclusion: The Impact of Mentoring on Undergraduate Researchers in the Sciences

Increasing inclusion of underrepresented minority and first-generation students in mentored research experiences both increases diversity in the life sciences research community and prepares students for successful careers in these fields. However, analyses of the impact of mentoring approaches on specific student gains are limited. This study addresses the impact of mentoring strategies within research experiences on broadening access to the life sciences by examining both how these experiences impacted student success and how the quality of mentorship affected the development of research and academic skills for a diverse population of students at a public, minority-serving institution. Institutional data on student grades and graduation rates (n = 348) along with postresearch experience surveys (n = 138) found that students mentored in research had significantly higher cumulative grade point averages and similar graduation rates as a matched set of peers. Examination of the relationships between student-reported gains and mentoring strategies demonstrated that socioemotional and culturally relevant mentoring impacted student development during mentored research experiences. Additionally, extended engagement in research yielded significantly higher development of research-related skills and level of independence in research. Recommendations are provided for using mentoring to support traditionally underrepresented students in the sciences.
On Sacred Heads and Sullied Wombs: Bouncing Between Leviticus and Numbers

In this chapter, Lee expands the emergent logic of exclusion in the previous chapter by drawing into the web of prized possessions the offerings (of things and persons) in Leviticus 21–22 and the protected entities of the rulings and procedures of Numbers 5–6 on purity, sexual impropriety, and Nazirite ordination. Lee contends that the reader’s ‘wandering viewpoint’ invents a network of analogies of binary distinctions, as it grows Israel’s social-religious boundaries through and across these laws and rites. The result, at the chapter’s conclusion, is an expanded web of guarded things and spaces—houses, heads, wombs, camps, and offerings—that correlate categories of abjection at the intersection of race, gender, sexuality, and morality. As before, Lee has in focus the vulnerability of readerly correlations across texts.
Impact of Multileaf Collimator Configuration Parameters on the Dosimetric Accuracy of 6-MV Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Treatment Plans.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of selected configuration parameters that govern multileaf collimator (MLC) transmission and rounded leaf offset in a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) (Pinnacle 3 , Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA, USA) on the accuracy of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dose calculation. The MLC leaf transmission factor was modified based on measurements made with ionization chambers. The table of parameters containing rounded-leaf-end offset values was modified by measuring the radiation field edge as a function of leaf bank position with an ionization chamber in a scanning water-tank dosimetry system and comparing the locations to those predicted by the TPS. The modified parameter values were validated by performing IMRT quality assurance (QA) measurements on 19 gantry-static IMRT plans. Planar dose measurements were performed with radiographic film and a diode array (MapCHECK2) and compared to TPS calculated dose distributions using default and modified configuration parameters. Based on measurements, the leaf transmission factor was changed from a default value of 0.001 to 0.005. Surprisingly, this modification resulted in a small but statistically significant worsening of IMRT QA gamma-index passing rate, which revealed that the overall dosimetric accuracy of the TPS depends on multiple configuration parameters in a manner that is coupled and not intuitive because of the commissioning protocol used in our clinic. The rounded leaf offset table had little room for improvement, with the average difference between the default and modified offset values being −0.2 ± 0.7 mm. While our results depend on the current clinical protocols, treatment unit and TPS used, the methodology used in this study is generally applicable. Different clinics could potentially obtain different results and improve their dosimetric accuracy using our approach.
Investigation of CH x (x = 2–4) Adsorption on Mo 2 C and Mo 4 C 2 Sites Incorporated in ZSM-5 Zeolite Using Periodic-DFT Approach

One of the major challenges of methane dehydroaromatization technology development is rapid deactivation of the catalyst due to the coke formation. The coke formation depends on the stability of CHx species formed during the stage of CH4 activation. In the present computational study, we have employed periodic-DFT approach to investigate the adsorption behavior of the CHx (x = 2–4) species on Mo2C and Mo4C2 clusters incorporated at three different Al substitutions viz. T8–T8, T8–T12 and T8–T7. The results indicate that the Mo2C cluster is responsible for weaker CH4 adsorption compared to Mo4C2. However, the CH3 and CH2 species are chemisorbed on the Mo2C cluster. Interestingly, in the case of Mo4C2 cluster we found two chemisorbed states of CH2 species. From this analysis, we propose that the relatively weaker chemisorbed state of CH2 in the top-site would be responsible for the formation of C2 intermediate leading to desired aromatics, while the strongly chemisorbed CH2 state will lead to undesired C formation.
Variation in Disease Severity Caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. plurivora, and Pythium cryptoirregulare on Two Rhododendron Cultivars.

Rhododendrons are an important crop in the ornamental nursery industry, but are prone to Phytophthora root rot. Phytophthora root rot is a continuing issue on rhododendrons despite decades of resea...
POLÍTICA CULTURAL NO TURISMO GASTRONÔMICO COM ALIMENTOS ÉTNICOS

Culinary tourism features food as the primary attraction or motivation for travel (Boniface, 2003; Hall & Sharples, 2003; Hjalager & Richards, 2002; Long, 1998, 2004; Quan & Wang, 2004). It is a highly popular and profitable industry in both international and domestic tourism segments and has a significant impact on food-related businesses. The identification, selection, evalua­tion, and interpretation of the cuisines and dishes included in such tourism are issues of power, that is, cultural politics. Who gets to make those selections? Whose recipe is used to represent a culture? Whose definition of the cuisine is presented? Who is considered the authority, by whom, and how did they come to be in that position?
The inflammatory process in experimental myocarditis

Myocarditis is defined by inflammation of the heart muscle which is usually associated with myocyte necrosis. Although it was first described in 1812 by Corvisart [1], the diagnosis of myocarditis remained relatively uncommon until the introduction of endomyocardial biopsies in 1962 by Sakakibara and Konno [2]. The true incidence of myocarditis is unknown because of the difficulty in diagnosis. This is partly due to the mild and self-limited nature of disease in most cases. However, it is a major cause of heart failure and sudden death, especially in children, adolescents and young adults. The five-year survival of biopsy-confirmed myocarditis in adults is 56%, and the prognosis is even worse in children [3]. Moreover, myocarditis is suspected to be a precursor of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), an often fatal condition frequently requiring cardiac transplantation. DCM has been reported to account for most cases of heart failure, particularly among young adults [4].
Glucotypes reveal new patterns of glucose dysregulation

Diabetes is an increasing problem worldwide; almost 30 million people, nearly 10% of the population, in the United States are diagnosed with diabetes. Another 84 million are prediabetic, and without intervention, up to 70% of these individuals may progress to type 2 diabetes. Current methods for quantifying blood glucose dysregulation in diabetes and prediabetes are limited by reliance on single-time-point measurements or on average measures of overall glycemia and neglect glucose dynamics. We have used continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to evaluate the frequency with which individuals demonstrate elevations in postprandial glucose, the types of patterns, and how patterns vary between individuals given an identical nutrient challenge. Measurement of insulin resistance and secretion highlights the fact that the physiology underlying dysglycemia is highly variable between individuals. We developed an analytical framework that can group individuals according to specific patterns of glycemic responses called “glucotypes” that reveal heterogeneity, or subphenotypes, within traditional diagnostic categories of glucose regulation. Importantly, we found that even individuals considered normoglycemic by standard measures exhibit high glucose variability using CGM, with glucose levels reaching prediabetic and diabetic ranges 15% and 2% of the time, respectively. We thus show that glucose dysregulation, as characterized by CGM, is more prevalent and heterogeneous than previously thought and can affect individuals considered normoglycemic by standard measures, and specific patterns of glycemic responses reflect variable underlying physiology. The interindividual variability in glycemic responses to standardized meals also highlights the personal nature of glucose regulation. Through extensive phenotyping, we developed a model for identifying potential mechanisms of personal glucose dysregulation and built a webtool for visualizing a user-uploaded CGM profile and classifying individualized glucose patterns into glucotypes.
Professional Association Activity and Rhetorical Analysis of Scholarly Genre

This rhetorical analysis paper is assigned early in the semester and would be appropriate for any version of English 302. It draws on a prior, in-class activity that asks each student to identify, and provide an overview of, a professional association in their discipline. It requires them to apply what they have learned about rhetorical contexts and genre during the first several classes of the semester to scholarly work in their individual area of study. Students identify the mission statement of their association, examine the group's scholarly journal in detail, and select a peer reviewed article to determine how the author(s)' choice of genre helps to advance the goals of their discourse community. This involves a detailed rhetorical analysis as well as biographical information on the lead author and the journal's editor. The professional associations activity and discussion of the paper take one class period and the latter is due the following week; it may be revised within one week after the original paper is graded. This assignment is designed to support learning outcomes set by the English Department and the Students as Scholars (SaS) program, including adding to students' understanding of how knowledge is created and transmitted in their field and of the generic conventions governing its dissemination. Files included: prompt for the Professional Associations Activity (HoyActivity), the Rhetorical Analysis assignment (HoyAssignment), and Instructor's Notes (HoyInstructorsNotes).
ACTIVITY PATTERNS AND VARIATIONS BY GENDER AND RACE AND ETHNICITY: A MULTI-GROUP COMPARISON

AbstractResearchers have identified patterns of activity engagement in later life and described the relationship of these patterns to health outcomes. Little is known about how activity patterns vary by important demographics. Further, studies often include middle-aged sample without focusing on older adults. This study aims to identify patterns of activity engagement among 65+ older adults and explore whether these patterns vary by gender and race (white/black). Thirty-three activity measures were selected from the 2015 Consumption and Activity Mail Survey (n=2,794). Latent class analysis (LCA) identified three activity patterns, representing high, medium and low activity groups. The multi-group LCA showed that activity patterns varied across gender and race. Activity engagement varied more between females and males than between blacks and whites. Our findings suggest that understanding about health disparities in later life could be increased by examining how activities vary by gender and by race.
Uranyl Functionalization Mediated by Redox-Active Ligands: Generation of O-C Bonds via Acylation.

A series of uranyl compounds with the redox-active iminoquinone ligand have been synthesized, and their electronic structures elucidated using multinuclear NMR, EPR, electronic absorption spectroscopies, SQUID magnetometry, and X-ray crystallography. Characterization and analysis of the iminoquinone (iq0) complex, (dippiq)UO2(OTf)2THF (1-iq), the iminosemiquinone (isq1–) complex, (dippisq)2UO2THF (2-isq), and the amidophenolate (ap2–) complex, [(dippap)2UO2THF][K(18-crown-6)(THF)2]2(3-ap crown) show that reduction events are ligand-based, with the uranium center remaining in the hexavalent state. Reactivity of 2-isq with B-chlorocatecholborane or pivaloyl chloride leads to U–Ouranyl bond scission and reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) concomitant with ligand oxidation along with organic byproducts. 18O isotopic labeling experiments along with IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy confirm that the organic byproducts contain oxygen atoms which originate from U–Ouranyl bond activation.
Establishment of a rat Sertoli cell line that displays the morphological and some of the functional characteristics of the native cell

Primary rat Sertoli cells are widely used as a model for mechanistic and toxicological studies, since they are often the target of toxicants in vivo. However, their isolation from testicular homogenates is tedious and requires the regular use of numerous immature animals. It is therefore of great interest to have available established cell lines that are usable in vitro for unlimited periods and closely similar to native cells. To this end, we have established a line of Wistar rat Sertoli cells (SerW3) by immortalization of fresh primary cells with the T antigens of the Simian virus (SV40). When plated on Matrigel, this cell line presents many of the functional characteristics of Sertoli cells in vivo. In addition, they are sensitive to cisplatin and secrete transferrin, although they do not show a clear response to follicle-stimulating hormone. They also present many morphological similarities, including the presence of tight junctions which mimic the natural epithelial barrier. Like Sertoli cells in vivo, they show extensive phagocytic activity. Finally, they display all the characteristics of immortalized, but not transformed, cells, i.e., topo-inhibition and apoptosis at confluence or under serum deprivation.
Phase evolution, structure, and magnetic characterization of mechanosynthesized Ni40Fe30Co30 medium-entropy alloy

Abstract This research investigation demonstrates that Ni40Fe30Co30 medium-entropy alloy is a suitable starting ternary composition of ferromagnetic Ni, Fe, and Co, along with the widely explored equiatomic NiFeCo, for designing high-entropy magnetic alloys. Mechanical alloying of the 40 at.% Ni, 30 at.% Fe, and 30 at.% Co powder mixture for 9 h produced Ni40Fe30Co30 alloy, comprised of γ phase. The lattice-parameter, average particle size, and grain size were estimated to be ~0.3580 nm, ~4 μm, and ~8 nm, respectively. At 300 K, the HCI (intrinsic coercivity) and MS (saturation magnetization) of the as-prepared alloy was 2.40 ± 0.09 kA/m and 130.8 ± 2.6 Am2/kg, respectively. At cryogenic temperatures, with the decrement in temperature (T) from 300 K to 60 K, both HCI and MS increased, by ~1.5 times and ~7%, respectively. The estimated HCI(0) (i.e., HCI at 0 K), MS(0) (i.e., MS at 0 K), and μH (maximum magnetic moment per atom) were ~4.09 kA/m, ~140.7 Am2/kg, and ~1.46 μB, respectively. At T
Molecular Orbital Theory

Now we return to H2+ and reexamine the bond wave function in another light. We found that φA +φB gave an energy (internuclear repulsion plus expectation value of the Hamiltonian) that, as a function of R, passed through a minimum, thus predicting a stable molecule. Here, φA and φB were 1s atomic orbitals centered on nuclei A and B. In this chapter, we will generalize the H2+ wave function to other molecules, but in a way different from what we have already discussed.
Acute Pancreatitis in Pancreas Divisum Secondary to an Impacted Stone in the Minor Papilla

Pancreas divisum is reported to occur in up to 14% of the population. The majority of patients with this congenital anomaly remain asymptomatic. Pancreas divisum can be associated with recurrent pancreatitis due to inadequate drainage of pancreatic secretions through the dorsal pancreatic duct and the minor papilla. We present a patient with a six-month history of recurrent acute pancreatitis due to an impacted pancreatic duct stone in the minor papilla and an unrecognized pancreas divisum. This situation has only been reported in two other cases in the literature.
What is the nicotine delivery profile of electronic cigarettes

Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a rapidly evolving class of tobacco products intended to deliver nicotine to users. There are many types of e-cigarettes available and the most popular type today in the United States are 'pod' based devices that use high nicotine concentration liquids. Understanding the nicotine delivery capabilities of e-cigarettes is imperative for understanding their addictive potential and safety profile, informing regulation, and revealing their potential use as smoking cessation aids. Areas covered: This review discusses nicotine content of e-cigarettes, effectiveness of nicotine aerosolization by devices, delivery of nicotine to users, and user and device characteristics that impact each of these. Expert opinion: Modern e-cigarettes have the potential to deliver equal or more nicotine compared to a tobacco cigarette. Future research needs to identify the nicotine delivery profiles likely to benefit public health and the means to regulate them appropriately while also identifying those that are likely to cause harm. Public health benefit accrues if e-cigarettes help smokers quit combustible cigarettes completely. Harm is possible if inadequate nicotine delivery undermines cessation attempts, e-cigarettes facilitate continued combustible cigarette use, long-term e-cigarette use is associated with substantial morbidity/mortality, and/or e-cigarettes increase the initiation of combustible cigarette use among never smokers.
Robust velocity-induced acoustic oscillations at cosmic dawn

A theoretical study pinpoints a new standard ruler for measuring the cosmic expansion rate when stars were just starting to form.
MRI Contrast Agents: General Considerations

The most common contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are gadolinium-based. Gadolinium is a diamagnetic rare-earth metal that decreases the T1 relaxation of surrounding protons resulting in increased signal (brightness) on T1-weighted images. Growing literature suggests gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) may have uncommon but serious adverse effects.
Populist Politicians: Populism, Democratic Dissatisfaction and the Perception of Representation. The Case of Greece

This article investigates populism as an attitude of political elites. Based on an extensive discussion of research on populism, it develops a concept that harmonizes the role perceptions of political elites in representative democracies with dissatisfaction as an evaluative and populism as a specific normative orientation towards democracy. Based on candidate data of the 2015 Greek parliamentary election, this contribution offers an empirical analysis of the linkage between dissatisfaction with democracy, role perceptions and populism. Finally, implications for further research are discussed in detail.
COVID-19: A NYC Department Chair’s Perspective

When I was interviewing for chair positions 3 years ago, a few chair colleagues across the country warned me this job was a lonely one. I understood as a chair you cannot maintain work friendships like those I once cherished, that people see and treat you differently because you are their boss, that due to the importance of privacy conversations are sometimes limited to maintain confidentiality, and that you are ultimately responsible for factors that may be beyond your control. My first two years as chair in a new organization, in a new city, were filled with extensive listening, learning, challenges, and accomplishments: starting a new academic department at a renowned institution, hiring 47 new faculty members and 37 administrative staff, adding a fourth clinical site, expanding the educational and research missions. Then, just a few weeks after what then felt like a monumental change, the implementation of a new electronic health record, COVID-19 emerged.
Discrimination of benign from malignant breast lesions in dense breasts with model-based analysis of regions-of-interest using directional diffusion-weighted images

There is an increasing interest in non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting and evaluating breast lesions. We present a methodology utilizing lesion core and periphery region of interest (ROI) features derived from directional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data to evaluate performance in discriminating benign from malignant lesions in dense breasts. We accrued 55 dense-breast cases with 69 lesions (31 benign; 38 cancer) at a single institution in a prospective study; cases with ROIs exceeding 7.50 cm2 were excluded, resulting in analysis of 50 cases with 63 lesions (29 benign, 34 cancers). Spin-echo echo-planar imaging DWI was acquired at 1.5 T and 3 T. Data from three diffusion encoding gradient directions were exported and processed independently. Lesion ROIs were hand-drawn on DWI images by two radiologists. A region growing algorithm generated 3D lesion models on augmented apparent-diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and defined lesion core and lesion periphery sub-ROIs. A lesion-core and a lesion-periphery feature were defined and combined into an overall classifier whose performance was compared to that of mean ADC using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Inter-observer variability in ROI definition was measured using Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC). The region-growing algorithm for 3D lesion model generation improved inter-observer variability over hand drawn ROIs (DSC: 0.66 vs 0.56 (p 0.8) in 46% vs 13% of cases, respectively (p < 0.001)). The overall classifier improved discrimination over mean ADC, (ROC- area under the curve (AUC): 0.85 vs 0.75 and 0.83 vs 0.74 respectively for the two readers). A classifier generated from directional DWI information using lesion core and lesion periphery information separately can improve lesion discrimination in dense breasts over mean ADC and should be considered for inclusion in computer-aided diagnosis algorithms. Our model-based ROIs could facilitate standardization of breast MRI computer-aided diagnostics (CADx).
The Effect of Baseline Patient and Caregiver Mindfulness on Dementia Outcomes.

BACKGROUND Mindfulness is the practice of awareness and living in the present moment without judgment. Mindfulness-based interventions may improve dementia-related outcomes. Before initiating interventions, it would be beneficial to measure baseline mindfulness to understand targets for therapy and its influence on dementia outcomes. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study examined patient and caregiver mindfulness with patient and caregiver rating scales and patient cognitive performance and determined whether dyadic pairing of mindfulness influences patient outcomes. METHODS Individuals (N = 291) underwent comprehensive evaluations, with baseline mindfulness assessed using the 15-item Applied Mindfulness Process Scale (AMPS). Correlation, regression, and mediation models tested relationships between patient and caregiver mindfulness and outcomes. RESULTS Patients had a mean AMPS score of 38.0±11.9 and caregivers had a mean AMPS score of 38.9±11.5. Patient mindfulness correlated with activities of daily living, behavior and mood, health-related quality of life, subjective cognitive complaints, and performance on episodic memory and attention tasks. Caregiver mindfulness correlated with preparedness, care confidence, depression, and better patient cognitive performance. Patients in dyads with higher mindfulness had better cognitive performance, less subjective complaints, and higher health-related quality of life (all p-values<0.001). Mindfulness effects on cognition were mediated by physical activity, social engagement, frailty, and vascular risk factors. CONCLUSION Higher baseline mindfulness was associated with better patient and caregiver outcomes, particularly when both patients and caregivers had high baseline mindfulness. Understanding the baseline influence of mindfulness on the completion of rating scales and neuropsychological test performance can help develop targeted interventions to improve well-being in patients and their caregivers.
Does Locked Up Mean Locked Out? The Effects of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 on Black Male Students’ College Enrollment

This paper explores one reason for the educational gaps experienced by Black men. Using variation in state marijuana possession and distribution laws, this paper examines whether the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, which increased the disproportionate incarceration of Black males, led to differences in college enrollment rates. The results suggest that Black males had a 2.2 percentage point decrease in the relative probability of college enrollment after the passage of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. There is some evidence that drug arrests, particularly around crack cocaine but not marijuana, led to this decrease in the probability of enrollment.
Histologic evidence for a humoral immune response in synovitis associated with cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs.

Objective To investigate histopathological features of synovium from dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) to seek mechanisms of osteoarthritis (OA) associated with CCLD. Study design Retrospective, single-institution case series. Animals Thirty client-owned dogs. Methods Synovial biopsies (n = 30) obtained from stifles with CCLD were assessed by using two synovitis histopathology grading systems (Krenn and Hospital for Special Surgery [HSS]). The Krenn synovitis score was interpreted as "no synovitis," "low-grade," or "high-grade," while inflammatory subtype (low, mixed, or high) was determined by a computational algorithm within the HSS system. Comparison of synovitis scores was based on degree of CCL rupture and presence of meniscal tears. Results Histopathological changes and synovitis scores were similar regardless of degree of rupture (partial n = 5, complete n = 25) or presence of meniscal injury (n = 12) and were characterized by hyperplastic and lymphoplasmacytic synovitis with increased vascularity (30/30) and the presence of hemosiderin deposits (28/30), binucleated plasma cells (28/30), mucoid change (25/30), and Mott cells (16/30). Thirteen (43%) specimens were consistent with high-grade synovitis according to the Krenn system, while 11 (37%) specimens fit into the high-inflammatory subtype with the HSS system. Conclusion Synovitis associated with canine CCLD in this study population was lymphoplasmacytic and was often highly inflammatory, with the presence of cells pertaining to humoral immunity. Humoral immune responses may play key roles in the synovitis associated with CCLD. Clinical significance Modulation of biological factors that provoke humoral immune responses may mitigate symptoms of OA that persist and progress even after surgical treatment of CCLD in dogs.
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Degradation of Junctional Proteins That Maintain Endothelial Barrier Integrity

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses the Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor present on the cell surface to enter cells. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is present in many cell types including endothelial cells, where it functions to protect against oxidative damage. There is growing evidence to suggest that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients exhibit a wide range of post-recovery symptoms and shows signs related to cardiovascular and specifically, endothelial damage. We hypothesized that these vascular symptoms might be associated with disrupted endothelial barrier integrity. This was investigated in vitro using endothelial cell culture and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 Receptor-Binding Domain (Spike). Mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells from normal (C57BL/6 mice) and diabetic (db/db) mice were used. An endothelial transwell permeability assay revealed increased permeability in diabetic cells as well as after Spike treatment. The expression of VE-Cadherin, an endothelial adherens junction protein, JAM-A, a tight junctional protein, Connexin-43, a gap junctional protein, and PECAM-1, were all decreased significantly after Spike treatment in control and to a greater extent, in diabetic cells. In control cells, Spike treatment increased association of endothelial junctional proteins with Rab5a, a mediator of the endocytic trafficking compartment. In cerebral arteries isolated from control and diabetic animals, Spike protein had a greater effect in downregulating expression of endothelial junctional proteins in arteries from diabetic animals than from control animals. In conclusion, these experiments reveal that Spike-induced degradation of endothelial junctional proteins affects endothelial barrier function and is the likely cause of vascular damage observed in COVID-19 affected individuals.
Bringing a Culturally Sustaining Lens to Reading Intervention

This study explores the possibilities and tensions that emerged when a literacy specialist brought a culturally sustaining lens to her work in a reading intervention setting with five emergent bili...
An Automotive Electronic Climate Control Heating and Air Conditioning System

The Cadillac electronic climate control heating and air conditioning system provides automatic control of the passenger compartment temperature. It utilizes a microcomputer to control the operation of electrical, mechanical and vacuum components that regulate the amount and temperature of air delivered into the car to maintain the "customer set" comfort level. The first step in the evolution of this new system was to define the performance requirements. With this established, the system was then designed, tested and developed in the laboratory and on the road until this desired performance was achieved.
State Sovereign Immunity and Congress' Enforcement Power

According to the Supreme Court's current doctrine, Congress generally may not create private causes of action against unconsenting States. It may do so, however, when it uses its power under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment to enforce the amendment's substantive provisions. That principle, announced in Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, has survived the reinvigoration of state sovereign immunity in recent cases like Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida and Alden v. Maine, and the Court has not considered whether Fitzpatrick is consistent with the approach taken in the more recent cases. This article addresses that question, giving attention to the understanding of the enforcement powers that prevailed during Reconstruction, the legal context in which those powers were created, and the structural reasoning underlying Seminole Tribe and Alden as it applies to the enforcement powers. Its principal conclusions are that the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment probably did not expect that it would give Congress power to create private causes of action against unconsenting States, and that, for that reason and others, if the current sovereign immunity cases are correct then Fitzpatrick was not.
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and homovanillic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid. Storage and measurement by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and coulometric detection using 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid as an internal standard.

Abstract To simultaneously measure 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we used an acetonitrile protein precipitation, reversed-phase high-perforamance liquid chromatography with coulometric detection, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (MHPLA) as an internal standard for all three metabolites. MHPG, 5HIAA, HVA, and MHPLA were stable for one month when stored in CSF at −70°C. Three determinations were made in triplicate for each of seven subjects over a 30-day storage period and the coefficients of variation within subject for these determinations ranged from 0.075 to 0.165 for MHPG, 0.045 to 0.148 for 5HIAA and 0.053 to 0.181 for HVA. Means and standard deviations fo CSF concentrations were 10.7 ± 3.0 ng/ml for MHPG, 22.4 ± 9.9 ng/ml for 5HIAA, and 39.9 ± 21.4 ng/ml for HVA. This method provides simple sample preparation, sensitivity, and cost advantages, as well as simultaneous extraction and quantitation of MHPG, 5HIAA, and HVA using an internal standard.
Jurisdicción multicultural en el Estado liberal: Una visión crítica*

Este trabajo sostiene una actitud critica respecto al llamado “nuevo pluralismo juridico”.Comienza situando este concepto en una perspectiva historica, para luego analizar losargumentos feministas a favor de la “acomodacion transformativa” de la diversidad religiosaen un pluralismo juridico basado en el estatus religioso. La aportacion de la autora no se cinea identificar los fallos del pluralismo juridico, sino que ofrece ademas un modelo diferente deacomodacion transformativa, que descansa en una mezcla de enfoques juridicos respecto alos problemas que afrontan las mujeres religiosas en una democracia constitucional.Palabras claveIgualdad de genero, minorias religiosas, multiculturalismo, pluralismo juridico,constitucionalismo, derecho personal y de familia. Palabras clave: Igualdad de genero, minorias religiosas, multiculturalismo, pluralismo juridico,constitucionalismo, derecho personal y de familia. Abstract: This paper defends a critical view about the so called “new legal pluralism”. It begins byplacing this concept in an historical perspective, and then analyzing feminist arguments forthe “transformative accommodation” of religious diversity in the form of status based legalpluralism. The author’s contribution is not only the assessing of the flaws in the legal pluralistsolution, but also the offering of a different model of transformative accommodation that restson a mix of legal approaches to the problems faced by religious women in a constitutional democracy. Keywords: Gender equality, religious minorities, multiculturalism, legal pluralism, constitutionalism, personal and family law
Magnetoresistance of UPt3

In order to study antiferromagnetic order in the unconventional superconductor UPt3, we have measured the magnetoresistance of high-quality bulk single crystals over a broad temperature range. We observe a linear magnetoresistance when the magnetic field is applied in the basal plane for temperatures below ≈5 K where magnetic Bragg scattering has been observed. However, when we apply a magnetic field along the c-axis, we find a negative magnetoresistance that appears below a characteristic field, H0≈2 T, which we associate with suppression of spin-dependent scattering and which changes abruptly near 5 K.
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Kinetic mechanism for reduction of uracil by NADPH.

Steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic data were used to determine the kinetic mechanism for bovine liver dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPDase). Steady-state kinetic data suggested a random rapid-equilibrium mechanism with Km values for NADPH and uracil of 0.12 microM and 0.8 microM, respectively, and a kcat of 1.6 s-1 in Tris buffer at pH 8.0 and 37 degrees C. The dissociation constant of DPDase for NADPH at 25 degrees C in the absence of uracil (0.09 microM) was similar to the Km for NADPH. DPDase also catalyzed the exchange of tritium in [4S-3H,4R-1H]NADP3H with solvent protons in the absence of uracil. DPDase inactivated by 5-ethynyluracil, which covalently modifies the enzyme at the uracil binding site, catalyzed the exchange reaction at the same rate (1 s-1) as native enzyme. Thus, the interaction of NADPH with DPDase was independent of the uracil binding site. Because DPDase catalyzed the exchange of deuterium in [4S-2H,4R-1H]NADP2H with solvent protons with a rate constant of 5.4 s-1, which was significantly larger than that for tritium, the analogous rate constant for exchange of the 4-hydrogen in NADPH must be significantly larger than 5 s-1. Consequently, intermediates on the exchange pathway were kinetically competent to participate in the reduction of uracil by NADPH (kcat = 1.6 s-1). Rate constants for reduction of DPDase by NADPH and 5,6-dihydrouracil were several orders of magnitude greater than kcat. The rate constants for dissociation of E.NADP+ (15 s-1) and for dissociation of E.5,6-dihydrouracil (> 250 s-1) were also greater than kcat. These results supported a random rapid-equilibrium kinetic mechanism and suggested kcat was an internal electron transfer between enzymic prosthetic groups.
Note: A disposable x-ray camera based on mass produced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor sensors and single-board computers.

We have integrated mass-produced commercial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors and off-the-shelf single-board computers into an x-ray camera platform optimized for acquisition of x-ray spectra and radiographs at energies of 2–6 keV. The CMOS sensor and single-board computer are complemented by custom mounting and interface hardware that can be easily acquired from rapid prototyping services. For single-pixel detection events, i.e., events where the deposited energy from one photon is substantially localized in a single pixel, we establish ∼20% quantum efficiency at 2.6 keV with ∼190 eV resolution and a 100 kHz maximum detection rate. The detector platform’s useful intrinsic energy resolution, 5-μm pixel size, ease of use, and obvious potential for parallelization make it a promising candidate for many applications at synchrotron facilities, in laser-heating plasma physics studies, and in laboratory-based x-ray spectrometry.
Precision gluino mass at the CERN LHC in supersymmetric models with decoupled scalars

One way to ameliorate the SUSY flavor and $CP$ problems is to postulate that scalar masses lie in the TeV or beyond regime. For example, the focus point (FP) region of the minimal supergravity (mSUGRA) model is especially compelling in that heavy scalar masses can coexist with low fine-tuning while yielding the required relic abundance of cold dark matter (via a mixed Higgsino-bino neutralino). We examine many of the characteristics of collider events expected to arise at the CERN LHC in models with multi-TeV scalars, taking the mSUGRA FP region as a case study. The collider events are characterized by a hard component arising from gluino pair production, plus a soft component arising from direct chargino and neutralino production. Gluino decays in the FP region are characterized by lengthy cascades yielding very large jet and lepton multiplicities, and a large $b$-jet multiplicity. Thus, as one steps to higher jet, $b$-jet or lepton multiplicity, signal-over-background rates should steadily improve. The lengthy cascade decays make mass reconstruction via kinematic edges difficult; however, since the hard component is nearly pure gluino pair production, the gluino mass can be extracted to $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8%$ via total rate for ${E}_{T}^{\mathrm{miss}}+\ensuremath{\ge}7\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\mathrm{\text{jet}}+\ensuremath{\ge}2b\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\mathrm{\text{jet}}$ events, assuming $100\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity. The distribution of invariant mass of opposite-sign/same-flavor dileptons in the hard component exhibits two dilepton mass edges: ${m}_{{\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{Z}}_{2}}\ensuremath{-}{m}_{{\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{Z}}_{1}}$ and ${m}_{{\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{Z}}_{3}}\ensuremath{-}{m}_{{\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{Z}}_{1}}$. As a consistency check, the same mass edges should be seen in isolated opposite-sign dileptons occurring in the soft component trilepton signal which originates mainly from chargino-neutralino production.
A Generalized Wolff’s Ideal Theorem on Certain Subalgebras of {\boldsymbol{{H}^{\infty}(\mathbb{D})}}

We prove the generalized Wolff’s Ideal Theorem on certain uniformly closed subalgebras of \({H^{\infty}(\mathbb{D})}\) on which the Corona Theorem is already known to hold.
Existence of KAM tori in the phase-space of lattice vortex systems

Under very mild conditions on the circulations, and for arbitrary vortex configurations, the existence of quasi-periodic solutions for a lattice vortex model is shown.