cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anti–miR-148a regulates platelet FcγRIIA signaling and decreases thrombosis in vivo in mice

Fc receptor for IgG IIA (FcγRIIA)-mediated platelet activation is essential in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and other immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis disorders. There is considerable interindividual variation in platelet FcγRIIA activation, the reasons for which remain unclear. We hypothesized that genetic variations between FcγRIIA hyper- and hyporesponders regulate FcγRIIA-mediated platelet reactivity and influence HIT susceptibility. Using unbiased genome-wide expression profiling, we observed that human hyporesponders to FcγRIIA activation showed higher platelet T-cell ubiquitin ligand-2 (TULA-2) mRNA expression than hyperresponders. Silent interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of TULA-2 resulted in hyperphosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase following FcγRIIA activation in HEL cells. Significantly, we found miR-148a-3p targeted and inhibited both human and mouse TULA-2 mRNA. Inhibition of miR-148a in FcγRIIA transgenic mice upregulated the TULA-2 level and reduced FcγRIIA- and glycoprotein VI-mediated platelet αIIbβ3 activation and calcium mobilization. Anti-miR-148a also reduced thrombus formation following intravascular platelet activation via FcγRIIA. These results show that TULA-2 is a target of miR-148a-3p, and TULA-2 serves as a negative regulator of FcγRIIA-mediated platelet activation. This is also the first study to show the effects of in vivo miRNA inhibition on platelet reactivity. Our work suggests that modulating miR-148a expression is a potential therapeutic approach for thrombosis.
The Best Interests of Transgender Children (Student Note)

Recently, popular media have highlighted the lives of young transgender children: biological boys who insist they are actually girls, and biological girls who are adamant they are not merely tomboys: they are boys. Child psychologist Diane Ehrensaft calls them 'a growing cohort of children who, at ages as young as three or four, announce that they do not accept...the gender assigned to them at birth.' This paper considers parent custody disputes involving such children. Part I introduces the story of one young child and his parents’ conflict about how to respond to his unique needs. Part II provides an overview of gender-variant children, the condition called Gender Identity Disorder of Childhood (GIDC) and several treatment options. Today some parents are choosing what I refer to as the supportive approach, which involves embracing a child’s professed inner gender identity. This may include the changing a child’s name, clothing, appearance, and even pronouns to accord with the child’s desired gender. Other parents employ an approach I call corrective therapy, which entails strict behavioral therapy designed to compel the child to conform to stereotypical gender norms consistent with the child’s anatomy. Both approaches are controversial. But parents enjoy strong constitutional protection in choosing how to raise their child, which means that so long as two legal parents agree, the state cannot intervene without a compelling state interest. But when divorced parents with joint legal custody disagree on an important parenting decision, courts must often referee to determine the child’s best interest.Courts are generally ill prepared for these cases. Outside of gender experts, medical and legal professionals responsible for protecting children often lack 'solid, clinical, evidence-based information' about childhood gender issues. As a result, they may fail to recognize when personal opinions overshadow objective best interest analyses. Part III describes two parent custody disputes involving children with GIDC in which the courts adopted sharply different approaches. In Part IV, I conclude by proposing guiding principles for courts, attorneys and parents in determining the best interest of a gender-variant child.
The Use of Fludarabine in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Malignant Lymphomas

Fludarabine is a new purine analogue which has demonstrated activity in low grade lymphoproliferative disorders. Initially, fludarabine was noted to have activity against lymphoma in phase I studies. Subsequently, major activity was demonstrated in the treatment of patients with previously treated and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The use of fludarabine (Fludara) in previously treated CLL is associated with a response rate of more than 50% with approximately one-third of patients obtaining a complete remission (CR) using NCI Working Group criteria. When Fludara is used in previously untreated patients with CLL, the response rate is 75–80% with the majority of responses being complete remissions. The median time-to-progression of CLL in responders is 18–27 months in previously treated patients and 42 months in previously untreated patients. The impact of Fludara on survival in these patient populations, so far, has not demonstrated in comparative trials. Fludara was noted to have activity against Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia in previously treated patient populations. More than half of these patients will respond, particularly those with primary refractory disease or disease relapsing off treatment. Refractory relapsed patients who have had multiple attempts at therapy have a lower response rate. The phase I activity of Fludara against malignant lymphoma has been confirmed in subsequent studies with the activity being noted predominantly in low grade lymphomas. Activity is minimal in intermediate and high grade lymphoma. Overall approximately 60% of patients with previously treated low grade lymphoma will respond to Fludara with 20% CRs. More recently Fludara has been combined with mitoxantrone and dexamethasone and is associated with a high CR+PR rate in low grade lymphomas. Fludara has an expanding role in the management of CLL and low grade lymphoma.
Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectra for Large Molecules through Molecules-in-Molecules Fragment-Based Approach.

We present the first implementation of the vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectrum of large molecules through the Molecules-in-Molecules (MIM) fragment-based method. An efficient projection of the relevant higher energy derivatives from smaller fragments to the parent molecule enables the extension of the MIM method for the evaluation of VCD spectra (MIM-VCD). The overlapping primary subsystems in this work are constructed from interacting fragments using a number-based scheme and the dangling bonds are saturated with link hydrogen atoms. Independent fragment calculations are performed to evaluate the energies, Hessian matrix, atomic polar tensor (APT), and the atomic axial tensor (AAT). Subsequently, the link atom tensor components are projected back onto the corresponding host and supporting atoms through the Jacobian projection method, as in the ONIOM approach. In the two-layer model, the long-range interactions between fragments are accounted for using a less computationally intensive lower leve...
Building Continuous Arterial Blood Pressure Prediction Models Using Recurrent Networks

This paper presents a methodology for developing highly-accurate, continuous Arterial Blood Pressure (ABP) models using only Photoplethysmography (PPG). In contrast to prior approaches, we develop a system that exhibits dynamic temporal behavior which leads to increased accuracy in modeling ABP. We validate our approach using data from patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). We show that it is possible to build highly accurate, continuous blood pressure models using only finger pulse oximeters. Our methodology achieves accurate systolic blood pressure estimation with a root mean square error 2.58 ± 1.23 across the patient sample used. Furthermore, the continuous ABP signal is estimated with a root mean square error of 6.042 ± 3.26 and correlation coefficient of 0.95 ± 0.045. Our method enables designing robust Remote Health Monitoring Systems (RMS) for Heart Failure patients without requiring traditional blood pressure monitors.
Query complex graph patterns: tools and applications

In his world-widely renowned book, Nobel laureate Herbert Simon pointed out that it is more the complexity of the environment, than the complexity of the individual persons, that determines the complex behavior of humans. The emergence of online social network sites and web 2.0 applications provides a new connected environment/context, where people generate, share and search massive human knowledge; and interact and collaborate with each other to collectively perform some complex tasks. In this talk, we focus on how to make sense of the collaboration data in the context of graphs/networks. To be specific, we will introduce a suite of tools for querying complex patterns from such graphs. Exemplar questions we aim to answer include (a) what makes a team more successful than others, and how to find the best replacement if one of its team members becomes unavailable? (b) how to find a group of authors from databases, data mining and bioinformatics and they collaborate with each other in a star-shape? (c) given a set of querying authors of interest, how to find somebody who initiates the research field these querying authors belong to, and how to summarize and visualize the querying authors' (d) how to incorporate users' preference into these complex queries' We will also introduce the computational challenges behind these querying tools and how to remedy them.
Information processing with large-scale optical integrated circuits

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) offer an enticing platform for further advances in computation. Photonic communications hardware is already widely used within datacenters and is now reaching into the board and chip level. This trend is driving the development of more complex PICs that are more tightly integrated into computing systems. This PIC technology could be attractive for building photonic computational accelerators and for incorporating all-optical signal processing tasks into photonic communications and sensing. At Hewlett Packard Labs, we are using a silicon photonics platform to build complex PICs with many hundreds of components, including nonlinear components. We use these PICs to test various approaches to photonic computation, including neuromorphic approaches as well as traditional logic circuits. For example, we are currently fabricating a circuit to solve the so-called Ising problem, a classic problem of solid-state physics that turns out to be equivalent to a number of combinatorial optimization problems. The circuit is closely related to Hopfield neural networks. In parallel, we are investigating PICs based on photonic crystals in an InGaAs platform. These PICs offer radically reduced power consumption compared to CMOS circuits, potentially consuming less than 1 fJ per elementary operation.
Economic consequences of paratuberculosis control in dairy cattle: A stochastic modeling study

The cost of paratuberculosis to dairy herds, through decreased milk production, early culling, and poor reproductive performance, has been well-studied. The benefit of control programs, however, has been debated. A recent stochastic compartmental model for paratuberculosis transmission in US dairy herds was modified to predict herd net present value (NPV) over 25 years in herds of 100 and 1000 dairy cattle with endemic paratuberculosis at initial prevalence of 10% and 20%. Control programs were designed by combining 5 tests (none, fecal culture, ELISA, PCR, or calf testing), 3 test-related culling strategies (all test-positive, high-positive, or repeated positive), 2 test frequencies (annual and biannual), 3 hygiene levels (standard, moderate, or improved), and 2 cessation decisions (testing ceased after 5 negative whole-herd tests or testing continued). Stochastic dominance was determined for each herd scenario; no control program was fully dominant for maximizing herd NPV in any scenario. Use of the ELISA test was generally preferred in all scenarios, but no paratuberculosis control was highly preferred for the small herd with 10% initial prevalence and was frequently preferred in other herd scenarios. Based on their effect on paratuberculosis alone, hygiene improvements were not found to be as cost-effective as test-and-cull strategies in most circumstances. Global sensitivity analysis found that economic parameters, such as the price of milk, had more influence on NPV than control program-related parameters. We conclude that paratuberculosis control can be cost effective, and multiple control programs can be applied for equivalent economic results.
Idiopathic hyperammonemia after solid organ transplantation: Primarily a lung problem? A single-center experience and systematic review.

Background Idiopathic hyperammonemia syndrome (IHS) is an uncommon, often deadly complication of solid organ transplantation. IHS cases in solid organ transplantation seem to occur predominantly in lung transplant (LTx) recipients. However, to the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of IHS has not been systematically evaluated. We set out to identify all reported cases of IHS following nonliver solid organ transplantations. Methods Retrospective review of our institutional experience and systematic review of the literature. Results At our institution six cases (of 844 nonliver solid organ transplants) of IHS were identified: five occurred following LTx (incidence 3.9% [lung] vs 0.1% [nonlung], P=.004). In the systematic review, 16 studies met inclusion criteria, reporting on 32 cases of IHS. The majority of IHS cases in the literature (81%) were LTx-recipients. The average peak reported ammonia level was 1039 μmol/L occurring on average 14.7 days post-transplant. Mortality in previously reported IHS cases was 69%. A single-center experience suggested that, in addition to standard treatment for hyperammonemia, early initiation of high intensity hemodialysis to remove ammonia was associated with increased survival. In the systematic review, mortality was 40% (four of 10) with intermittent hemodialysis, 75% (nine of 12) with continuous veno-venous hemodialysis, and 100% in six subjects that did not receive renal replacement to remove ammonia. Three reports identified infection with urease producing organisms as a possible etiology of IHS. Conclusion IHS is a rare but often fatal complication that primarily affects lung transplant recipients within the first 30 days.
Flipping the Coin: Towards a Double-Faced Approach to Teaching Black Literature in Secondary English Classrooms

AbstractCritiquing two approaches that English teachers use to teach Black, or African-American, literature in the secondary classroom – one that centralises races and the other that ignores it – this article proposes a hybrid approach that combines both. This double-faced approach recognises the culturally specific themes that give the text and the Black author their unique voice while also recognising commonalities that bridge the text to others – despite the race of the authors. To demonstrate the feasibility of the double-faced approach, the article concludes with an examination of three texts through the lens of this ‘race both matters and doesn’t matter’ perspective.
Aggression and Fire: Antisocial Behavior in Firesetting and Nonfiresetting Juvenile Offenders

This study examined the association between firesetting and antisocial behavior in 219 juvenile offenders. The study showed, through a series of a priori model comparisons using confirmatory factor analysis, that reliable data on both firesetting (n = 85) and nonfiresetting (n = 134) juvenile offenders best fit a 3-factor model composed of aggressive, nonaggressive, and oppositional antisocial behavior. Although the same general structure of antisocial behavior best fit the data for both groups, the firesetting group exhibited a significantly higher variety and frequency of aggressive and total antisocial acts and an earlier age of index arrest. It is argued that results from this study support a conceptualization of firesetting as accompanying serious and versatile antisocial behavior. Consistency with an early starter pattern of antisocial behavior among firesetting offenders is noted, and evidence suggesting that firesetting is indicative of developmentally advanced, serious, and varied antisocial behavior among troubled youth is discussed.
Design and experimental validation of a physics-based oxygen storage — thermal model for three way catalyst including aging

Abstract In this paper, a physics-based, oxygen storage-thermal model for a three way catalyst (TWC) is developed and experimentally validated. This model is then extended to account for aging impacts on the TWC. In order to identify the model parameters, a series of ad hoc experiments were designed to test the device over various engine operating conditions. Four TWCs of different ages were tested to investigate the effects of TWC aging on the oxygen storage dynamics. Results show that aging can be lumped within a single model parameter, referred to as oxygen storage capacity . Sensitivity analysis shows only negligible dependence of oxygen storage capacity on catalyst operating temperature. The comprehensive model is validated over real driving conditions for different catalyst ages. The developed model has the potential to enhance the design of optimization-control techniques for fuel consumption benefits and on-board diagnostics health measurement robustness.
Realistic love: Contemporary college women’s negotiations of princess culture and the “reality” of romantic relationships

This manuscript examines the ways collegiate women perceive media portrayals of princess cultural scripts and how this impacts their constructions of romantic relationships. Drawing on 30 in-depth ...
Aspirin Use and Long-Term Rates of Sepsis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Objective Sepsis is the syndrome of life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from dysregulated host response to infection. Aspirin, an anti-inflammatory agent, may play a role in attenuating the inflammatory response during infection. We evaluated the association between aspirin use and long-term rates of sepsis as well as sepsis outcomes. Methods We analyzed data from 30,239 adults ≥45 years old in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. The primary exposure was aspirin use, identified via patient interview. The primary outcome was sepsis hospitalization, defined as admission for infection with two or more systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria. We fit Cox proportional hazards models assessing the association between aspirin use and rates of sepsis, adjusted for participant demographics, health behaviors, chronic medical conditions, medication adherence, and biomarkers. We used a propensity-matched analysis and a series of sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our results. We also examined risk of organ dysfunction and hospital mortality during hospitalization for sepsis. Results Among 29,690 REGARDS participants with follow-up data available, 43% reported aspirin use (n = 12,869). Aspirin users had higher sepsis rates (hazard ratio 1.35; 95% CI: 1.22-1.49) but this association was attenuated following adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted HR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.88-1.12). We obtained similar results in propensity-matched and sensitivity analyses. Among sepsis hospitalizations, aspirin use was not associated with organ dysfunction or hospital death. Conclusions In the REGARDS cohort, baseline aspirin use was not associated with long-term rates of sepsis.
The Patient in Patient Safety: Starting the Conversation:

Through a variety of activities, patients take active roles in their health, which may directly or indirectly influence safety and quality. We provide brief overviews of perspectives from researche...
Multiplicative Functions | g| ≤ 1 and their Convolutions: An Overview

In this lecture a multiplicative function g will be defined on the positive integers, assume complex values, and satisfy the relation g(mn) = g(m)g(n) whenever (m,n) = 1. I shall assume that | g(n)| ≤ 1 for all positive n. Overview in the title means that there will be few details, but I will indicate the more important ideas. All the results labelled THEOREM are new, due to myself to appear this year or later.
They Do Care: An Interview with William Damon and Anne Colby on Moral Development.

What follows is an interview with William Damon and Anne Colby, pioneers in the fields of moral psychology and education. Throughout their careers, they have studied, moral identity, moral ideals, ...
Interface Engineering for 25% CdTe Solar Cells

Buffer layers, such as CdS and MgxZn1–xO (MZO), are critical for CdTe and other thin film polycrystalline solar cells. A ternary compound, such as MZO, allows for interface engineering by adjusting...
CRHR2 (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 2) in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Contributes to Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Hypertension.

This study tested the hypothesis that CRHRs (corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors) in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) contribute to the hypertension induced by intermittent hypoxia (IH...
How to Improve Clinical Practice and Medical Education About Nutrition.

Diet is a universal influence on health and one of the major determinants of both years in life (longevity) and life in years (vitality). Diet is also a uniquely complex variable
Selective sensing in perovskite-based image sensors

Abstract Broadband image sensors are yet to produce the required color constancy for the emerging applications in artificial intelligence and neural network. In this work, narrowband absorption across the visible range is discussed and image sensors with Full Width at Half Maximum of less than 200 nm are realized. The active layer in these image sensors comprises the light absorbing perovskite structures, ABX3, combined with a macromolecule, methylene blue. The variations in the X site of the perovskite sets the limit for the lower frequency of the absorption bandwidth whereas the upper limit is set due to the presence of the methylene blue. This synthetic dye further enhances the crystallinity of the structure and, consequently, lowers the leakage current by two orders of magnitude. A vertically integrated perovskite-silicon image sensor is then realized. This narrowband absorbing hybrid concept may be easily connected to image sensing circuitry. This compatibility in fabrication directly results in reductions of architectural complexity and cost. The detectivity of the proof of concept image sensors is E11 cmHz1/2W−1. This value is considered well above average among the best performing commercialized image sensors.
The e-merging e-pidemic of e-scooters

Introduction Since their release in 2017, standing electric motorized scooters (eScooters) have risen in popularity as an alternative mode of transportation. We sought to examine the incidence of injury, injury patterns, prevalence of helmet and drug and alcohol use in eScooter trauma. Methods This was a multi-institutional retrospective case series of patients admitted for injuries related to operation of an eScooter following the widespread release of these devices in September 2017 (September 1, 2017 to October 31, 2018). Demographics, drug and alcohol use, helmet use, admission vitals, injuries, procedures, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), death, and disposition were analyzed. Results 103 patients were admitted during the study period, and monthly admissions increased significantly over time. Patients were young men (mean age 37.1 years; 65% male), 98% were not wearing a helmet. Median LOS was 1 day (IQR 1–3). 79% of patients were tested for alcohol and 48% had a blood alcohol level >80 mg/dL. 60% of patients had a urine toxicology screen, of which 52% were positive. Extremity fractures were the most frequent injury (42%), followed by facial fractures (26%) and intracranial hemorrhage (18%). Median Injury Severity Score was 5.5 (IQR 5–9). One-third of patients (n=34) required an operative intervention, the majority of which were open fixations of extremity and facial fractures. No patients died during the study. The majority of patients were discharged home (86%). Conclusion eScooter-related trauma has significantly increased over time. Alcohol and illicit substance use among these patients was common, and helmet use was extremely rare. Significant injuries including intracranial hemorrhage and fractures requiring operative intervention were present in over half (51%) of patients. Interventions aimed at increasing helmet use and discouraging eScooter operation while intoxicated are necessary to reduce the burden of eScooter-related trauma. Level of evidence Level IV.
Applying single-image super-resolution for the enhancement of deep-water bathymetry

Abstract We present research using single-image super-resolution (SISR) algorithms to enhance knowledge of the seafloor using the 1-minute GEBCO 2014 grid when 100m grids from high-resolution sonar systems are available for training. We performed numerical experiments of x15 upscaling along three midocean ridge areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. We show that four SISR algorithms can enhance this low-resolution knowledge of bathymetry versus bicubic or Splines-In-Tension algorithms through upscaling under these conditions: 1) rough topography is present in both training and testing areas and 2) the range of depths and features in the training area contains the range of depths in the enhancement area. We quantitatively judged successful SISR enhancement versus bicubic interpolation when Student's hypothesis testing show significant improvement of the root-mean squared error (RMSE) between upscaled bathymetry and 100m gridded ground-truth bathymetry at p
Downscaling of Satellite Land Surface Temperature Data Over Urban Environments

The purpose of this study is to estimate high temporal and high spatial resolution land surface temperature (LST) over different surface types in urban regions. The goal is to estimate high resolution LST by combining Landsat 8 and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series (GOES-R) infrared-based LST. Landsat 8 provides higher spatial resolution (30 m) estimates of skin temperature every 16 days. However, GOES-R which has lower spatial resolution (2 km) has much higher temporal resolution (5 min). The research project aims to match the dates that both GOES-R and Landsat LSTs to find their spatial relationship to develop the downscaling of GOES-R LST. The downscaling approach will account for systematic biases between Landsat and GOES-R LST products.
Infectious and Autoimmune Disease and Spine Pain

Autoimmune disorders of the spine are a diverse group of chronic inflammatory immune-mediated conditions with variable associated peripheral, axial, and extra-articular involvement. Autoimmune conditions associated with the spine, particularly in the early stages of disease, often present with nonspecific clinical features that are not uncommonly misdiagnosed as mechanical back pain. Delay in diagnosis is therefore common, resulting in exacerbated disease sequelae, unnecessary diagnostic procedures, and delay in efficacious therapies. Early identification of autoimmune inflammatory conditions can significantly improve functional outcomes and quality of life and minimize deleterious disease-related complications. This chapter will review common inflammatory immune-mediated diseases affecting the spine including relevant pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.
Is Driving Simulation a Viable Method for Examining Drivers' Ethical Choices? An Exploratory Study

Advanced vehicle technologies promise improved road safety but may still be subjected to situations where choices have to be made regarding safety impact to other road users. There is debate about the principles that should guide the programming of choices into automation algorithms, and an acknowledgment that choices made by automation may be subject to more scrutiny than those by humans. To better understand the landscape of decisions that human drivers encounter, it is important to examine the rationale, calculus, and motivations behind such choices. While there are various methods to examine human decision making, doing so in an ecologically valid manner is challenging, especially in this context of driving. To that end, this study was conducted to examine if driving simulation could help understand drivers’ ethical choices. Participants drove a route in a driving simulator that was programmed to end in a crash situation, one that placed the driver in a position of choosing between two crash outcomes. Participants were asked, after the fact, about their perceptions of the simulation and their decisions. Results indicate that drivers generally accepted simulation as realistic, but their post-experiment choices did not align with their actual decisions during the drive. Findings may have implications for the experimental study of ethical behaviors.
Investigation of Cortisol Dynamics in Human Sweat Using a Graphene-Based Wireless mHealth System

Understanding and assessing endocrine response to stress is crucial to human performance analysis, stress-related disorder diagnosis, and mental health monitoring. Current approaches for stress monitoring are largely based on questionnaires, which could be very subjective. To avoid stress-inducing blood sampling and to realize continuous, non-invasive, and real-time stress analysis at the molecular levels, we investigate the dynamics of a stress hormone, cortisol, in human sweat using an integrated wireless sensing device. Highly sensitive, selective, and efficient cortisol sensing is enabled by a flexible sensor array that exploits the exceptional performance of laser-induced graphene for electrochemical sensing. Herein, we report the first cortisol diurnal cycle and the dynamic stress response profile constructed from human sweat. Our pilot study demonstrates a strong empirical correlation between serum and sweat cortisol, revealing exciting opportunities offered by sweat analysis toward non-invasive dynamic stress monitoring via wearable and portable sensing platforms.
CHAPTER 38 – ERGOTHIONEINE

The properties, synthesis, isolation and analysis of ergothioneine and related compounds are dealt with in the section on its chemistry. Some of the peculiarities of thiolimidazoles are discussed and recent information on the disulfide, ergothionine, is reviewed. Problems in the purification and analysis of ergothioneine, which have retarded the progress of research on its biochemistry, are examined. The section on biochemistry deals with occurrence, origin, biosynthesis and catabolism of ergothioneine. From the available evidence, the suggestion is made that the biosynthesis of ergothioneine may be limited to fungi, which could account for its presence in certain cereal grains. It is shown that animals possess the ability to concentrate this compound to an extraordinary degree and accumulate it in seminal fluid, blood and a number of tissues, presumably for performing one or more important functions in the body. Evidence is presented for a biosynthetic pathway in fungi, involving methylation of histidine, coupling with cysteine, and scission of the S—C bond to form ergothioneine. The limited information on ergothioneine degradation by bacteria and in mammals is described.
Evaluation of electrical properties of ex vivo human hepatic tissue with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for distinguishing spatial heterogeneities in fresh, unfixed human hepatic tissues ex vivo from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Point-wise impedance measurements reported over a frequency range of 100 Hz - 1 MHz showed that the interface tissue between visible tumor and normal tissue exhibits an electrically different domain (p < 0.05) from both normal tissue (over 100 Hz - 100 kHz) and tumor tissue (over 100 Hz - 1 MHz). Observations of the microstructure on tumor-bearing hepatic tissue from hematoxylin and eosin stained images and the equivalent circuit modelling were used to validate the impedance measurements and characterize previously unidentified interfacial domain between normal and tumor tissue. Lastly, in a proof of concept study, a new in-house designed non-contact electromagnetic probe, as opposed to the invasive EIS measurements, was demonstrated for distinguishing tumor tissue from the normal tissue in a hepatic tissue specimen from a patient with metastatic CRC.
A Need to Activate Lasting Engagement.

Occupational therapy practitioners provide interventions to promote activity engagement to multiple clinical populations. They help clients develop restorative, adaptive, and compensatory skills to improve their performance in daily activities. The issue addressed in this article is that current clinical frameworks lack translation of learned skills to consistent everyday performance. There is a gap between what clients can do and what clients actually do in everyday life. Behavioral activation provides an explicit, structured, and practical approach that can translate capacity into long-term engagement. This article presents behavioral activation as a transdiagnostic approach that targets populations experiencing chronic illness to bridge the gap between what the client can do in therapy and what the client could do in everyday life. What this article adds People with chronic illness have difficulty translating the skills learned in traditional practice settings to everyday life. Behavioral activation offers occupational therapy practitioners a practical structure to promote the translation of learned skills.
Relationships Between Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Education and the Community of Inquiry Framework: A Preliminary Exploration

The research reported in this paper explored links between the work of Carl Rogers on person-centered education and the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework which posits a model of supports for social collaborative learning. Findings suggest significant links between the Rogerian constructs of level of regard and empathy and the CoI concept of teaching presence. The findings suggest avenues for future research and practical ways for enhancing teaching presence in online courses.
A Position-Independent Approach to Accurate Measurement of Broadband Electromagnetic Constitutive Parameters of Magnetodielectric Materials

Magnetodielectric materials have been recently attracting great attention owing to their significant advantages for miniaturization and wide bandwidth of antennas. A precise measurement of broadband permeability and permittivity is crucial to develop and evaluate advanced magnetodielectric materials. The Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method is widely used to extract electromagnetic constitutive parameters from measured scattering parameters. One of the drawbacks of this method is requiring direct measurement of the actual sample position in the measurement fixture, which leads to uncertainties in the measured permeability and permittivity. In this article, we improve the standard NRW method by removing the need for prior knowledge of sample position. For any isotropic material, the sample position in the measurement fixture can be precisely determined by matching the phasor angles of the reflection coefficients at the sample surfaces. Due to eliminating the error from the direct measurement of sample position, the improved NRW method effectively reduces the uncertainties in the calculated permeability and permittivity. Based on the results from two kinds of magnetodielectric materials measured in two sets of test fixtures of different geometries, this straightforward, explicit, and noniterative method is theoretically and experimentally proven to have a high and position-independent accuracy over a wide frequency range.
Household Characteristics as Predictors of Food Access in the American Housing Survey

Scholars, officials, and health advocates are increasingly interested in food access because of its potential connection to obesity and other health problems. Prior research has focused on observers' definitions of neighborhood area or proximity. Recent versions of the American Housing Survey (AHS), however, queried respondents about proximity of grocery stores, allowing for a measure of access that can be directly tied to household characteristics. To date, these data have not been studied in any depth. In this presentation, I provide the results of regression models of the association between household-level predictors (e.g., race and vehicle ownership), neighborhood predictors (e.g., public transportation availability), and store proximity. The findings indicate that race, ethnicity, income, vehicle ownership, public transportation, and urbanization influence the likelihood that an individual has a store nearby. Redesigned questions in the 2013 AHS expand on these findings by distinguishing the category of grocery store (i.e. full-supermarket, convenience store) an individual might access.
Charmless 2- and 3-BODY B Decays and the Angle α (ϕ 2 )

We present preliminary measurements of branching fractions and CP -asymmetry parameters in twoand three-body charmless hadronic B decays. The available data sample consists of 227 million Υ (4S) → BB decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e− collider at SLAC. We establish the observation of the decays B → ππ and B → KK and constrain the CKM angle α with a full SU(2) isospin analysis in the B → ππ system and with a B → π+π−π0 time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis. Contributed to the Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics, ICHEP’04, 16 August — 22 August 2004, Beijing, China Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309 Work supported in part by Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. hep-ex/0410056 October 2004
Membership Recruitment and Training in Health Care Ethics Committees: Results from a National Pilot Survey

This pilot study reports on a survey regarding recruitment, appointment, and training of members for health care ethics committees (HCECs). Background: Past studies have examined HCECs, but have focused on the roles of the committees and the broad makeup of membership. Thus, our study fills an important knowledge gap in trends of membership recruitment and appointment processes employed by HCECs to comprise their membership. Methods: We posted our survey on several bioethics listservs between June and August 2015. Of the 103 respondents that started the survey, 59 were eligible for inclusion based on our criteria. We analyzed survey results descriptively and qualitatively. Results: Overall, we found no unifying standards of recruitment or appointment across the 59 respondents. Additionally, while responding committees varied in the professional backgrounds and attributes they valued in potential members, we found that most respondents valued traits of the applicants over specific knowledge or skills. Conclusions: This study provides a first look into how HCECs recruit members. Future research is needed to better understand the complexities of the issues discovered during this study, given that the HCEC members appointed are the individuals who fulfill committee obligations.
Knee Angles After Crosstalk Correction With Principal Component Analysis in Gait and Cycling

Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used as a post-hoc method for reducing knee crosstalk errors during gait analysis. PCA minimizes correlations between flexion-extension (FE), abduction-adduction (AA), and internal-external rotation (IE) angles. However, previous studies have not considered PCA for exercises involving knee flexion angles that are greater than those typically experienced during gait. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate using PCA to correct for crosstalk during one exercise (i.e., cycling) that involves relatively high flexion angles. Fifteen participants were tested in gait and cycling using a motion analysis system. Uncorrected FE, AA and IE angles were compared to those calculated with PCA performed on (1) all angles (FE-AA-IE PCA correction) and (2) only FE-AA angles (FE-AA PCA correction). Significant differences existed between uncorrected and FE-AA-IE PCA corrected AA and IE angles for both exercises, between uncorrected and FE-AA PCA corrected AA angles for both exercises, and between FE-AA-IE and FE-AA PCA corrected IE angles for cycling. Correlations existed before PCA correction and were eliminated following PCA correction with the exception that FE-IE correlations remained following FE-AA PCA correction. Since the two PCA analyses differed only in their IE angle predictions for the high flexion exercise (cycling), IE angle results were compared to previous studies. Using FE-AA PCA correction may be the preferred protocol for cycling as it appeared to retain physiological IE angle correlations at high flexion angles. However, there exists a critical need for studies aimed at obtaining more accurate IE angles in such exercises.
Transportation Infrastructure in the Us

Support for massive investments in transportation infrastructure, possibly with a change in the share of spending on transit, seems widespread. Such proposals are often motivated by the belief that our infrastructure is crumbling, that infrastructure causes economic growth, that current funding regimes disadvantage rural drivers at the expense of urban public transit, or that capacity expansions will reduce congestion. In fact, most US transportation infrastructure is not deteriorating and the existing scientific literature does not show that infrastructure creates growth or reduces congestion. However, current annual expenditure on public transit buses exceeds that on interstate construction and maintenance. A careful examination of how funding is allocated across modes is suggested by the evidence. Massive new expenditures are not. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Status and prospect of in situ and operando characterization of solid-state batteries

Electrification of the transportation sector relies on radical re-imagining of energy storage technologies to provide affordable, high energy density, durable and safe systems. Next generation energy storage systems will need to leverage high energy density anodes and high voltage cathodes to achieve the required performance metrics (longer vehicle range, long life, production costs, safety). Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are promising materials technology for achieving these metrics by enabling these electrode systems due to the underlying material properties of the solid electrolyte (viz. mechanical strength, electrochemical stability, ionic conductivity). Electro-chemo-mechanical degradation in SSBs detrimentally impact the Coulombic efficiencies, capacity retention, durability and safety in SSBs restricting their practical implementation. Solid|solid interfaces in SSBs are hot-spots of dynamics that contribute to the degradation of SSBs. Characterizing and understanding the processes at the solid|solid interfaces in SSBs is crucial towards designing of resilient, durable, high energy density SSBs. This work provides a comprehensive and critical summary of the SSB characterization with a focus on in situ and operando studies. Additionally, perspectives on experimental design, emerging characterization techniques and data analysis methods are provided. This work provides a thorough analysis of current status of SSB characterization as well as highlights important avenues for future work.
Is mandibular osteomyelitis a sequela of SSRI-induced dental implant failure? A systematic review & case report.

Abstract Background To determine if the utilization of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increases the risk of osteomyelitis as a sequela of dental implant failure. We also report the case of a patient on long-term SSRIs who presented with dental implant failure and subsequently developed mandibular osteomyelitis. Methods We performed a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) in PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase, for all records pertaining to SSRIs, dental implants, and mandibular osteomyelitis. Results SSRIs are associated with increased risk of dental implant failure, and our results suggest that they may be independently associated with mandibular osteomyelitis in the setting of implant failure. Though there was no evidence of mandibular osteomyelitis specifically following SSRI-related dental implant failure, there were a few case reports on osteomyelitis resulting from failed dental implant osseointegration. Conclusions In the context of long-term SSRI utilization, our findings suggest that osteomyelitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with recent dental implant placement or failure.
The Π12-Singleton Conjecture: An Introduction

Publisher Summary Solovay conjectured that there is a Π 1 2 -Singleton R such that 0 L R L 0 # . This chapter essentially provides a setting for this conjecture and presents an idea of its proof. Solovay's conjecture addresses the question if 0 # , 0 ## , 0 ### , . . . are the only “canonical” nonconstructible reals, up to =L . Specifically, it addresses if 0 # is the ≤ L -least “canonical” nonconstructible real. In context to set forcing, it helps to make R a Π 1 2 -Singleton, through a trick of Solovay. Backwards Easton Forcing is used to add certain CUB subsets to L-inaccessible cardinals. The goal is to show that only one P-generic exists.