cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Snowball Earth: Asynchronous coupling of sea-glacier flow with a global climate model

During Snowball Earth episodes of the Neoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic, limited amounts of tropical open ocean (Jormungand), or tropical ocean with thin ice cover, would help to explain (1) vigorous glacial activity in low latitudes, (2) survival of photosynthetic life, and (3) deglacial recovery without excessive buildup of atmospheric CO2. Some previous models have suggested that tropical open ocean or thin-ice cover is possible; however its viability in the presence of kilometer-thick sea glaciers flowing from higher latitudes has not been demonstrated conclusively. Here we describe a new method of asynchronously coupling a zonal sea-glacier model with a 3-D Global Climate Model, and apply it to Snowball Earth. Equilibrium curves of ice line vs. CO2 are mapped out, as well as their dependence on ocean heat transport efficiency, sea-glacier flow, and other model parameters. No climate states with limited tropical open ocean or thin ice are found in any of our model runs, including those with sea glaciers. If this result is correct, then other refugia such as cryoconite pans would have been required for life to survive. However, the reasons for the differences between our results and others should first be resolved. It is suggested that small-scale convective dynamics, affecting fractional snow cover in low latitudes, may be a critical factor accounting for these differences.
Exploring the potential of gametic reconstruction of parental genotypes by F1 hybrids as a bridge for rapid introgression.

Interspecific hybridization and genetic introgression are commonly observed in natural populations of many species, especially trees. Among oaks, gene flow between closely related species has been ...
A summary of vinorelbine (Navelbine) safety data from North American clinical trials.

Extensive clinical experience has been obtained with the antineoplastic agent vinorelbine (Navelbine; Burroughs Wellcome Co, Research Triangle Park, NC; Pierre Fabre Medicament, Paris, France) in Europe and elsewhere. This experience recently has been supplemented by three clinical trials of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer or breast cancer conducted in North America. Data from these trials indicate that vinorelbine is safe and well tolerated in the outpatient population. Granulocytopenia is the dose-limiting toxicity. Although the incidence of this condition is high among vinorelbine-treated patients, it is uncommonly associated with severe complications. Elevations in alkaline phosphatase levels are seen in the majority of patients, but this effect may be due in part to liver and bone metastases. Nonhematologic toxicities are mostly mild or moderate. Injection site reactions have been noted in some patients, but improved administration techniques may help reduce the incidence of this effect. Gastrointestinal and respiratory effects are seldom severe and usually respond to treatment. Drug-associated neurotoxicity occurs less often than with other commonly used vinca alkaloid compounds. Overall, vinorelbine is associated with few severe toxicities, which for the most part, are easily managed. Thus, this agent seems well suited for use in the outpatient treatment of non-small cell lung and breast cancers.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ON KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN TRINCOMALEE DISTRICT

Organizational survival depends on knowledge management practices which are important to achieve organizational competitive position in the market. This paper indents to explore the factors which influences to obtain proper knowledge management in the banking sector as a research problem. Conceptual framework has been developed with research objectives. Primary data was collected from the employees of Commercial banks in Trincomalee District. Simple random sampling was used to obtain 150 responses from employees. Data were analyzed and evaluated by Univariate, Bivariate and Multivariate techniques. The results revealed that Transformational Leadership, Organization Culture and also Information Technology have the high level of contribution and also knowledge management practices are in high level of commercial banks in Trincomalee District. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the factors and knowledge management practices. This study was found that Organization Culture and Information Technology are significantly influence on the Knowledge Management Practices, and Transformational Leadership is not significantly influence on Knowledge Management Practices. Lastly, the Regression analysis between knowledge management factors and knowledge management practices indicated that 60.2% of total variance of knowledge management practices was explained by knowledge management factors. This show that there are some policies would be developed to enhance the knowledge management practices of banking sector in Trincomalee District.
Differences in noise and dose production between a 16 and 64 slice CT scanner at various ATCM settings

2321 Objectives There is peer-reviewed evidence in recent years detailing that manipulating certain CT parameters, such as, spin or pitch, would lead to noisier images or an undesirable increase in dose for a given automated tube current modulation (ATCM)setting. GE calls this setting noise index (NI). This effort aims to delineate the differences in modulation or dose delivery when using different slice scanners for brain acquisitions at various noise indexes. Comparison between a GE 16 slice lightspeed vs. a 64 slice GE VCT which utilizes X, Y and z-axis modulation techniques (Smart mA program), is tested. Methods An anthropomorphic head phantom was positioned in a head holder and iso-centered on both the 16 and 64 slice scanner. Lateral scouts were utilized for landmark purposes and to serve as a reference for the z-axis portion of the ATCM. A CT was acquired from the vertex to the skull base. Scans were obtained with NIs of 5, 7.5, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18. These scans were accomplished with a pitch of 1.38 and 0.938. Spin and kV were maintained at a constant 0.5 sec and 120. A dose report was generated to compare changes in CTDIvol and DLP. Results Noise production, using a pitch of 1.38, averaged 8.8 for the 16 slice and 9.0 for the 64 slice. A 3% higher noise production was seen in the 64 slice machine. The 64 slice system delivered a 2% lower dose on average, with a maximum of 17% lower dose. Using a pitch of 0.938 resulted in an averaged 14% increase in noise and a 34% decrease in dose on the 64 slice system vs. the 16 slice system. Conclusions There is strong correlation between the 16 and 64 slice machines when using a pitch of 1.38. This agreement is not seen when a pitch of 0.98 is used. This suggests that a 64 slice machine may need a lower ATCM setting than a 16 slice machine. Further work needs to be done to assess the change that would be distinguished in the region of the torso of a patient as the density change (e.g. lung to liver) would be greater than that witnessed in the human brain
Advantages of using the QIAshredder instead of restriction digestion to prepare DNA for droplet digital PCR

The viscosity of genomic DNA can interfere with digital PCR systems that partition samples into oil droplets or microfluidic wells. Restriction digestion may reduce the viscosity, but the process is labor-intensive, and the buffer can alter the conditions for PCR. DNA fragmentation using the QIAshredder (a biopolymer spin column) is faster, may result in more predictable and uniformly-sized fragments, and avoids the need for restriction buffers that can inhibit downstream PCR. In 10 separate head-to-head experiments comparing aliquots of DNA processed using the QIAshredder to those digested with RsaI or BsaJI prior to droplet digital PCR, we found that the copy numbers measured from the QIAshredded DNA tended to be greater than those measured from the digested DNA (average of 1.35-fold compared with BsaJI; P < 0.0001), even for inputs as high as 1.8 µg or dilution down to the single copy level.
Identifying chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and its treatment using claims data: A URCC NCORP and NIH Collaboratory study.

e18707Background: Investigating CIPN prevention and treatment strategies is a high priority that could be pursued with claims data. However, no studies have investigated the feasibility of identify...
Ropivacaine: White Knight or Dark Horse?

Background and Objectives. Ropivacaine, a new local anesthetic now under Federal Drug Administration review for clinical release, is a unique drug designed to take advantage of cardiac sodium channel stereoselectivity. The Labat lecture, honoring the father of regional anesthesia, pays tribute to the master by tracing the evolution of knowledge transfer from basic science frontiers to safer clinical practice. Methods. A survey was made of pertinent English-language literature on stereoselectivity of bupivacaine isomers and the evaluation and validation of ropivacaine, including a stereoisomerism primer for the nonscientist. Results. A synopsis of current basic and (pre)clinical findings, preparing North American clinicians for the imminent introduction of ropivacaine, is presented, along with predictions for potential clinical application. Conclusions. Bupivacaine cardiotoxicity results from prolonged sodium channel dwell time of the R(ectus), as compared with the S(inister), stereoisomer. Bupivacaine, like most aminoamide local anesthetics (except lidocaine), has a chiral (asymmetric) carbon atom where the amide linkage joins the hydrophilic tail. Chirality yields two steric forms (S and R) which are spatial mirror images (like the left hand trapped in a right glove) with different receptor kinetics; commercial bupivacaine is the optically inactive racemic (RS) mixture of R- and S-bupivacaine. Ropivacaine is unique in that membrane separation synthesis exclusively yields the S-monomer, which is a local anesthetic with lower cardiotoxic potential than racemic bupivacaine. Its immediate clinical application would be in obstetric analgesia, whereas its shorter duration of action and weaker motor block should make it useful in ambulatory anesthesia.
The Vagueness of Difference: You, the Reader and the Dream of Gravity's Rainbow

Any response to Thomas Pynchon's fiction will likely be affected as much by what Pynchon withholds as by what he gives, so the dominant impression one of his novels leaves may be determined by what the reader considers the most significant unanswered questions. The Crying of Lot 49 , for instance, refuses to answer many questions, but the question of how the story ends–what happens when the auctioneer announces lot 49–overshadows anything else that seems to be missing from the book. But it is hard to imagine the novel with this piece of information added. It is even harder to imagine Gravity's Rainbow with all its absences present and unsettling questions answered. As in The Crying of Lot 49 , much of what seems to be missing from Gravity's Rainbow is basic narrative information. The answers a reader most often wants pertain to the simple question of who is doing what. Partly because of this lack of basic narrative information, the novel, as Leo Bersani puts it, "permanently infects us with the paranoid anxieties of its characters" (187).
Emission-Line Spectroscopy of a Damped Lyα-absorbing Galaxy at z = 0.437

We present Keck LRIS spectra of a candidate damped Ly? (DLA) galaxy toward the QSO 3C 196 (zem = 0.871). The DLA absorption system has a redshift of zDLA = 0.437, and a galaxy at 1.5'' from the QSO has been identified in high-resolution imaging with WFPC2 on board the Hubble Space Telescope. We have detected emission lines of [O II] ?3727, H?, [O III] ?5007, H?, and [N II] ?6584 at the absorption redshift. Based on the emission lines, we have found the redshift of the galaxy to be zem = 0.4376 ? 0.0006. The emission lines also enabled us to calculate the extinction-corrected luminosities and metallicity indicators using established indices based on line strengths of different emission lines. These indicators suggest that the interstellar medium of the DLA galaxy has a high metallicity comparable to or perhaps twice as much as solar [i.e., 12 + log(O/H) = 8.98 ? 0.07]. Based on the strengths of H? and on the reddening derived from the relative strengths of H? and H?, the star formation rate is 4.7 ? 0.8 M? yr-1. This places the galaxy in the range of gas-rich spiral galaxies.
Impacts of climate change on hurricane flood hazards in Jamaica Bay, New York

Sea level rise (SLR) and tropical cyclone (TC) climatology change could impact future flood hazards in Jamaica Bay—an urbanized back-barrier bay in New York—yet their compound impacts are not well understood. This study estimates the compound effects of SLR and TC climatology change on flood hazards in Jamaica Bay from a historical period in the late twentieth century (1980–2000) to future periods in the mid- and late-twenty-first century (2030–2050 and 2080–2100, under RCP8.5 greenhouse gas concentration scenario). Flood return periods are estimated based on probabilistic projections of SLR and peak storm tides simulated by a hydrodynamic model for large numbers of synthetic TCs. We find a substantial increase in the future flood hazards, e.g., the historical 100-year flood level would become a 9- and 1-year flood level in the mid- and late-twenty-first century and the 500-year flood level would become a 143- and 4-year flood level. These increases are mainly induced by SLR. However, TC climatology change would considerably contribute to the future increase in low-probability, high-consequence flood levels (with a return period greater than 100 year), likely due to an increase in the probability of occurrence of slow-moving but intense TCs by the end of twenty-first century. We further conduct high-resolution coastal flood simulations for a series of SLR and TC scenarios. Due to the SLR projected with a 5% exceedance probability, 125- and 1300-year flood events in the late-twentieth century would become 74- and 515-year flood events, respectively, in the late-twenty-first century, and the spatial extent of flooding over coastal floodplains of Jamaica Bay would increase by nearly 10 and 4 times, respectively. In addition, SLR leads to larger surface waves induced by TCs in the bay, suggesting a potential increase in hazards associated with wave runup, erosion, and damage to coastal infrastructure.
Service security breaches: the impact of comparative optimism

The main purpose of this research is to examine the joint effects of error management, error locality, and individuals’ comparative optimism on consumers’ attitudes and intentions to spread negativ...
Scientific Workflows for MCNP6 and Proteus Within the Neams Workbench

In this work we integrate MCNP and PROTEUS, two high-fidelity reactor physics codes, into the Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS)Workbench. Specifically, we enhance the user interface of each code by developing full-featured editor services. Next, we re-define MCNP textual outputs in HDF5 formats, at great convenience to the user. Further, these HDF5 outputs are (optionally) coerced to the OpenMC format, enabling powerful and common post-processing workflows. For compatible use of MCNP and PROTEUS, we develop a model unification workflow, converting PROTEUS to MCNP-compatible meshes and generating a corresponding template MCNP deck. Finally, we investigate cooperative use of MCNP and PROTEUS for hybrid Monte Carlo and deterministic variance reduction through Consistent Adjoint-Driven Importance Sampling (CADIS), demonstrated with a fixed-source shielding problem. Ultimately, we find our integration effort dramatically streamlines pre- and post-processing with MCNP and PROTEUS and enables transformative hybrid Monte Carlo and deterministic workflows.
High Prevalence of Kidney Cysts in Patients With CYP24A1 Deficiency.

Introduction Loss-of-function variants in the CYP24A1 gene cause a rare hereditary disease characterized by reduced 24-hydroxylase enzyme activity, increased serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis and/or nephrolithiasis. Kidney cysts in patients with CYP24A1 deficiency were first reported in a single case study from our center. However, a possible association between CYP24A1 deficiency and kidney cysts has not been described. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with confirmed or suspected CYP24A1 deficiency and available kidney imaging. Results Among 16 patients with confirmed pathogenic variants, 38% were male and 31% were children, the median age at genetic confirmation was 38 years (range 1–66), and none had a family history of cystic kidney disease. Medullary and/or corticomedullary junction cysts were present in all cases. The median age at first detected cyst was 37 years (range 3–60). The mean and median number of cysts per patient were 5.3 and 2.5 (range 1–37), respectively. Four of 5 further patients with suspected but unconfirmed pathogenic variants had cysts. The number of cysts ≥5 mm in size was above the 97.5th percentile of an age- and sex-matched control population in 55% and 67% of patients with confirmed and suspected pathogenic variants, respectively. At least 1 cyst (≥5 mm in size) was found in 80% of children with confirmed CYP24A1 deficiency. Conclusions These observations strongly suggest an association between CYP24A1 deficiency and kidney cysts. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of CYP24A1, vitamin D metabolism, and/or hypercalciuria in cyst formation, and whether cysts exacerbate chronic kidney disease or modify nephrocalcinosis and stone risk.
A Three-Stage Model of the Volume-Volatility Relation in the Junk Bond Market during the 2007–2008 Financial Crisis

This article examines the joint dynamics of volatility-volume relation in the high-yield (junk) corporate bond market during the 2007-2008 financial crisis. I propose a new empirical model of three-stage equations to better estimate the volatility-volume relation that helps in alleviating econometric problems. My central finding is that different methodologies can easily lead to different inferences about the volatility-volume relation in the junk bond market. More specifically, conclusions about the statistical significance and/or the direction of the association between both variables is dependent on the econometric methodology used. From a practitioner perspective, it is important for professional traders holding positions in fixed income securities in their trading accounts to be aware of their asymmetric time-varying volatility-volume shifting trends. Such knowledge helps traders diversify their positions and manage their portfolios more appropriately.
Longitudinal change in ventricular volume is accelerated in astronauts undergoing long-duration spaceflight

Abstract An 11–25% increase in total ventricular volume has been documented in astronauts following spaceflight on the ISS. Given the approximately 2-year time interval between pre- and post-flight MRI, it is unknown if ventricular enlargement simply reflects normal aging or is unique to spaceflight exposure. Therefore, we compared percent ventricular volume change per year (PVVC/yr) documented on pre- to post-flight MRI in a group of NASA ISS astronauts (n = 18, 16.7% women, mean age (SD) 48.43 (4.35) years) with two groups who underwent longitudinal MRI: (1.) healthy age- and sex-matched adults (n = 18, 16.7% women, mean age (SD) 51.26 (3.88) years), and (2.) healthy older adults (n = 79, 16.5% women, mean age (SD) 73.26 (5.34) years). The astronauts, who underwent a mean (SD) 173.4 (51.3) days in spaceflight, showed a greater increase in PVVC/yr than the control (6.86 vs 2.23%, respectively, p One sentence summary NASA astronauts who were exposed to prolonged spaceflight experienced an annual rate of ventricular expansion more than three times that expected from normal aging.
Exogenous electricity flowing through cyanobacterial photosystem I drives CO2 valorization with high energy efficiency

Nature's biocatalytic processes are driven by photosynthesis, whereby photosystems I and II are connected in series for light-stimulated generation of fuel products or electricity. Externally supplying electricity directly to the photosynthetic electron transfer chain (PETC) has numerous potential benefits, although strategies for achieving this goal have remained elusive. Here we report an integrated photo-electrochemical architecture which shuttles electrons directly to PETC in living cyanobacteria. The cathode of this architecture electrochemically interfaces with cyanobacterial cells that have a lack of photosystem II activity and cannot perform photosynthesis independently. Illumination of the cathode channels electrons from an external circuit to intracellular PETC through photosystem I, ultimately fueling cyanobacterial conversion of CO2 into acetate. We observed acetate formation when supplying both illumination and exogenous electrons under intermittent conditions (e.g., in a 30 s supply plus 30 min interval condition of both light and exogenous electrons). The energy conversion efficiency for acetate production under programmed intermittent LED illumination (400–700 nm) and exogenous electron supply reached ca. 9%, when taking into account the number of photons and electrons received by the biotic system, and ca. 3% for total photons and electrons supplied to the cyanobacteria. This approach is applicable for generating various CO2 reduction products by using engineered cyanobacteria, one of which has enabled electrophototrophic production of ethylene, a broadly used hydrocarbon in the chemical industry. The resulting bio-electrochemical hybrid has the potential to produce fuel chemicals with numerous potential advantages over standalone natural and artificial photosynthetic approaches.
Unitary Branching Rules

Let λ l ≥ ... ≥ λ n and μ 1 ≥ ... ≥ μ n −1 be integer sequences. As in Theorem 38.3, they parametrize irreducible algebraic representations of GL(n, ℂ) and GL(n−1, ℂ), as we have seen in Theorem 38.3.
Millisecond-timescale motions contribute to the function of the bacterial response regulator protein Spo0F.

Protein backbones and side chains display varying degrees of flexibility, which allows many slightly different but related conformational substates to occur1. Such fluctuations are known to differ in both timescale and magnitude, from rotation of methyl groups (nanoseconds) to the flipping of buried tyrosine rings (seconds)2,3. Because many mechanisms for protein function require conformational change, it has been proposed that some of these ground-state fluctuations are related to protein function4. But exactly which aspects of motion are functionally relevant remains to be determined. Only a few examples so far exist where function can be correlated to structural fluctuations with known magnitude and timescale5,6. As part of an investigation of the mechanism of action of the Bacillus subtilis response regulator Spo0F, we have explored the relationship between the motional characteristics and protein–protein interactions. Here we use a set of nuclear magnetic resonance 15N relaxation measurements to determine the relative timescales of Spo0F backbone fluctuations on the picosecond-to-millisecond timescale. We show that regions having motion on the millisecond timescale correlate with residues and surfaces that are known to be critical for protein–protein interactions.
Managerial Moral Hazard and Bond Covenants

Based on an analysis of the agency risk for bondholders from managerial entrenchment and fraud, and using an efficient contracting framework, we derive and test refutable hypotheses about the influence of managerial moral hazard on the use of bond covenants. Entrenched managers can both exacerbate and ameliorate bondholder agency risk, and the influence of fraud risk on bond covenants is determined by the quality of information on the firms' net assets and economic prospects. Our empirical analysis indicates that managerial entrenchment and the risk of managerial fraud significantly influence the use of covenants, in the direction predicted by our agency-theoretic analysis. Moreover, the use of covenants responds to cross-sectional variations in the firms' informational environment that influence the risk of managerial fraud. We also find that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) has not significantly influenced the overall use of bond covenants; however, the passage of SOX appears to have reduced the agency risk to bondholders from managerial moral hazard with respect to investment.
The Milky Way

Most of us are familiar with the Milky Way. We may be lucky enough to live in a dark location and can see the misty band of light that stretches across the sky (see Fig. 1.1). Others may live in an urban location and so can only glimpse the Milky Way as a faint hazy patch that envelopes several constellations. But how many of us make a point of observing the Milky Way as a celestial object in its own right? Rather few, it seems, which is a pity as it holds a plethora of wonderful delights, ranging from deeply colored double- and multiple-star systems to immense glowing clouds of gas and mysterious dark nebulae that literally blacken the sky. It also holds quite a few star clusters that literally look like diamonds sprinkled on black velvet, not to mention the occasional neutron star, black hole and possible extrasolar planetary system! In fact, you could spend an entire career observing the Milky Way.
Charpy Impact Test Results on Five Materials and NIST Verification Specimens Using Instrumented 2-mm and 8-mm Strikers

The Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is involved in two cooperative projects, with international participants, both of which involve Charpy V-notch impact tests with instrumented strikers of 2mm and 8mm radii. Two heats of A 533 grade B class I pressure vessel steel and a low upper-shelf (LUS) submerged-arc (SA) weld were tested on the same Charpy machine, while one heat of a Russian Cr-Mo-V forging steel and a high upper-shelf (HUS) SA weld were tested on two different machines. The number of replicate tests at any one temperature ranged from 2 to 46 specimens. Prior to testing with each striker, verification specimens at the low, high, and super high energy levels from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were tested. In the two series of verification tests, the tests with the 2mm striker met the requirements at the low and high energy levels but not at the super high energy. For one plate, the 2mm striker showed somewhat higher average absorbed energies than those for the 8-mm striker at all three test temperatures. For the second plate and the LUS weld, however, the 2mm striker showed somewhat lower energies at both test temperatures. For the Russian forging steel and the HUS weld, tests were conducted over a range of temperatures with tests at one laboratory using the 8mm striker and tests at a second laboratory using the 2mm striker. Lateral expansion was measured for all specimens and the results are compared with the absorbed energy results. The overall results showed generally good agreement (within one standard deviation) in energy measurements by the two strikers. Load-time traces from the instrumented strikers were also compared and used to estimate shear fracture percentage. Four different formulas from the European Structural Integrity Society draft standard for instrumented Charpy test are compared and a new formula is proposed for estimation of percent shear from the force-time trace.
Boron neutron capture therapy of ocular melanoma and intracranial glioma using p-boronophenylalanine

During conventional radiation therapy, the dose that can be delivered to the tumor is limited by the tolerance of the surrounding normal tissue within the treatment volume. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) represents a promising modality for selective irradiation of tumor tissue. The key to effective BNCT is the selective localization of 10B in the tumor. The ratio of the 10B concentration in the tumor to that in the normal tissues within the treatment volume will largely determine the therapeutic gain that can be achieved in any subsequent irradiation.
Fractal Loop Heat Pipe Heat Flux and Operational Performance Testing

This study investigates heat flux performance for a LHP that includes a fractal based evaporator design. The prototype Fractal Loop Heat Pipe (FLHP) was designed and manufactured by Mikros Manufacturing Inc. and validation tested at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center’s Thermal Engineering Branch laboratory. Heat input to the FLHP was supplied via cartridge heaters mounted in a copper block. The copper heater block was placed in intimate contact with the evaporator. The evaporator had a circular cross-sectional area of 0.877 cm2 . Twice distilled, deionized water was used as the working fluid. Thermal performance data was obtained for three different Condenser/Subcooler temperature combinations under degassed conditions (Psat = 25.3 kPa at 22°C). The FLHP demonstrated successful start-ups in each of the test cases performed. Test results show that the highest heat flux demonstrated was 75 W/cm2 .
Pentacoordination and Pseudopentacoordination via Sulfur Donor Action in Cyclic Phosphates and Phosphites1

New cyclic chlorophosphites S[(t-Bu)2C6H2O]2PCl (3) and CH2[(t-Bu)MeC6H2O]2PCl (6) and the cyclic phosphate S[(t-Bu)MeC6H2O]2P(O)Cl (4) were synthesized from the reaction of PCl3 or POCl3 with the ...
QUICKIES: the future of sticky notes

In this paper, we present 'QUICKIES', an attempt to bring one of the most useful inventions of the 20th century into the digital age: the ubiquitous sticky notes. 'QUICKIES' enriches the experience of using sticky notes by linking hand-written sticky notes to the mobile phones, digital calendars, task-lists, e-mail and instant messaging clients. The project explores how the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Natural Language Processing (NLP), RFID, and ink recognition technologies can make it possible to augment physical sticky notes that can be searched, located, can send reminders and messages, and more broadly, can act as an I/O interface to the digital information world.
A facile preparation of 2-(2-arylethyl)- and 2-(aminomethyl)indoles

An important process for the acid catalyzed cleavage of the benzoyl group from 3-benzoylindoles in high yield is identified and its application for the facile syntheses of 2-substituted indoles is demonstrated by preparing some 2-(2-arylethyl)- and 2-(aminomethyl)indoles from 1,3-dibenzoyl-2-bromomethylindole (7).
The AGC kinase SGK1 regulates TH1 and TH2 differentiation downstream of the mTORC2 complex

SGK1 is an AGC kinase that regulates the expression of membrane sodium channels in renal tubular cells in a manner dependent on the metabolic checkpoint kinase complex mTORC2. We hypothesized that SGK1 might represent an additional mTORC2-dependent regulator of the differentiation and function of T cells. Here we found that after activation by mTORC2, SGK1 promoted T helper type 2 (TH2) differentiation by negatively regulating degradation of the transcription factor JunB mediated by the E3 ligase Nedd4-2. Simultaneously, SGK1 repressed the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by controlling expression of the long isoform of the transcription factor TCF-1. Consistent with those findings, mice with selective deletion of SGK1 in T cells were resistant to experimentally induced asthma, generated substantial IFN-γ in response to viral infection and more readily rejected tumors.
Update on the Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Anticoagulation and Medical Therapy

2010 saw the introduction of dabigatran (Pradaxa; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT), following US Food and Drug Administration approval, into daily clinical practice in the United States as an alternative to Coumadin (Bristol-Myers-Squibb, New York, NY) therapy. Dronedarone (Multaq; Sanofi-Aventis, Bridgewater, NJ), originally approved for use in the United States in 2009, has seen further widespread deployment in contemporary clinical practice. Intravenous vernakalant (Cardiome Pharm, Vancouver, B.C., Canada; Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ) is being considered for approval in the United States and may serve as an alternative to current agents for safe and efficacious acute conversion from atrial fibrillation. We focus primarily on new information concerning these and other antiarrhythmic drug and anticoagulation therapies. We provide brief updates of recently published articles along with our perspective on how they will likely alter clinical practice now and in the future.
Comparison of Trypanosome Incidence in Blood and Bone Marrow from 79 Colorado Birds

Seventy-nine adult birds in 8 species were examined at autopsy for the presence of Trypansoma avium. Films of thoracic blood were stained in Giemsa and later searched for trypanosomes. Marrow was removed from femora and humeri, mixed with Ringer's solution, and examined direct for living flagellates. Sixty-four birds (81%) showed positive marrows; 5 (6%) had positive bloods. In the 15 birds with negative marrows, only 2 had trypanosomes in the blood. These data emphasize the advantage of marrow over blood examination in determining the incidence of avian trypanosomiasis and point up the excellence of fresh marrow examination in such studies.
Poverty: Talk, Identity, and Action:

This is a study of poverty as it is constructed in the talk of 11 guests who regularly eat at a soup kitchen in upstate New York. Framed within the perspective that talk constitutes identity and action, this study offers a critical interpretation of how the soup kitchen guests present themselves and the other impoverished guests of the kitchen. The essay also evaluates their characterizations in terms of how they may reflect or influence society's views and policies on poverty. The interpretation and evaluation are guided by the concept "relevancy in meaning" as it is being developed in interpretive audience studies.
Flexural properties of Ti6Al4V rhombic dodecahedron open cellular structures fabricated with electron beam melting

Abstract Open cellular structures fabricated in Ti6Al4V using the electron beam melting (EBM) process have been proposed for tissue scaffolds and low stiffness implants that approximate the properties of bone. The properties of these structures, regardless of cell geometry, have often been determined through compressive testing, and very few of these studies have investigated the flexural properties. For certain types of implants that are designed to fill very large segmental defects in appendicular bones, such as those used in limb sparing, compression testing does not provide the necessary insight into the complex loading states typical of bending. In this study, EBM-fabricated Ti6Al4V prismatic bars, populated with rhombic dodecahedron unit cells of various sizes and relative densities, were subjected to four-point flexure tests. While the results generally follow the power scaling models of Gibson and Ashby, the use of these models as a design tool is limited by machine resolution, particularly when producing structures with small pore sizes required for bone ingrowth.
Intensities, self-broadening, and broadening by Ar and N2 for the 301/III/ - 000 band of CO2 measured at different temperatures

Abstract Intensities, self-broadening coefficients, and foreign-gas-broadening coefficients for Ar and N 2 have been measured at temperatures from 197 to 294 K for the 301 III ← 000 band of CO 2 at 6228 cm −1 . Also, the purely vibrational transition moment, the Herman-Wallis factors, and total band intensities are determined at different temperatures.
Adaptive price management in hybrid microgrid in presence of PV and battery energy storage system

The objective of this paper is to minimize the cost of a consumer equipped with a PV/Battery who is connected micro grid. The user optimization is achieved thru proper utilization of the battery storage system. There are two main parts in this paper which are discussed. Firstly a price management for reducing the customer bill has been designed. In the price management, the battery storage set point will be determined based on the electricity price signal and the tariff signal in order to have the best decision for having the lowest price. Secondly, after implementing this algorithm on the simulated system in PSCAD, in order to have adaptive price management which can consider any change in the incoming signals, the algorithm has been improved. In simulations, at first, it was assumed that the price and tariff signals are constant signals which are predefined during every day. So the algorithm works based on this fixed signals. But, in fact, sometimes the micro grid may change the price of power because of high demand in an specific period, so a system with smart devices for communicating can receive the new price and tariff signal, so there would be a better decision which as a result can reduce the total cost for the consumer.
A New Erythrocytic Antigen of C57BL/10 (B10) Mice

AbstractA new antigen, detectable on murine erythrocytes by hemagglutination assay with a (BALB/cCrl × SWR/J)F1 anti-B10.D2n/Sn alloantiserum, is described. Among the inbred and congenic mouse strains tested for reactivity with the antiserum, only the immunizing strain, B10.D2, and its congenic resistant partner, C57BL/10 (B10), reacted. Three other C57 strains, C57BL/6J, C57BL/6By, and C57L, were negative for the antigen. F1 hybrids between B10 and BALB/c, an antigen-negative strain, were positive for the antigen indicating that its expression is dominant. Typing of 39 (BALB/c × (BALB/c × BIO)F,) and 62 ((BALB/c × B10)F1 × BALB/c) backcross mice revealed that a single gene controls expression of the antigen. The gene is autosomal and not linked to H-2, Ly-4, or the c (albino) or b coat color genes.
Three-Parameter Viscoelasticity Models for Ballistic Fabrics

Ballistic fabrics are made from high performance polymeric fibers such as Kevlar® , Twaron® and Spectra® . These fibers often behave viscoelastically in high strain rate deformations. The Kelvin-Voigt and Maxwell rheological models have been used to characterize such viscoelastic responses at different strain rates. However, these two-parameter models have been found to be inadequate and inaccurate in some applications. As a result, three-parameter rheological models have been utilized to develop constitutive relations for viscoelastic polymeric fabrics. In this study, a generalized Maxwell (GM) model and a generalized Kelvin-Voigt (GKV) model are proposed to describe the viscoelastic behavior of a ballistic fabric, Twaron® CT716, at the strain rates of 1 s−1 and 495 s−1 . The GM model consists of a Maxwell element (including a viscous dashpot and a spring in series) and a second spring in parallel to the Maxwell element, while the GKV model is an assembly of a Kelvin-Voigt (KV) element (containing a viscous dashpot and a spring in parallel) and a second spring in series with the KV element. The predictions by the GM and GKV models are compared with existing experimental data, which shows that the two sets of results are in fairly good agreement. In particular, the comparison reveals that the GKV model gives more accurate results at the low strain rate, whereas the GM model performs better at the high strain rate while still providing accurate predictions for the low strain rate responses.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Effects of amrinone and dopamine on uterine blood flow and vascular responses in the gravid baboon.

Abstract Amrinone is a bipyridine derivative with positive inotropic and vasodilator properties. We investigated its effects on uterine and iliac artery blood flow, blood pressure, and heart rate in 10 acutely instrumented gravid baboons. Amrinone was compared with dopamine, infused systemically or regionally via the common iliac artery. When given intravenously at a constant rate of 40 μg/kg/min, amrinone produced a slight increase in iliac artery blood flow but did not significantly alter mean arterial pressure, heart rate, or uterine artery blood flow. Dopamine at an intravenous dose of 40 μg/kg/min produced a mean (±SD) 49.2% ± 18.7% increase in mean arterial pressure ( p p p p p
An Emerging Role of Degrading Proteinases in Hypertension and the Metabolic Syndrome: Autodigestion and Receptor Cleavage

One of the major challenges for hypertension research is to identify the mechanisms that cause the comorbidities encountered in many hypertensive patients, as seen in the metabolic syndrome. An emerging body of evidence suggests that human and experimental hypertensives may exhibit uncontrolled activity of proteinases, including the family of matrix metalloproteinases, recognized for their ability to restructure the extracellular matrix proteins and to play a role in hypertrophy. We propose a new hypothesis that provides a molecular framework for the comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes, capillary rarefaction, immune suppression, and other cell and organ dysfunctions due to early and uncontrolled extracellular receptor cleavage by active proteinases. The proteinase and signaling activity in hypertensives requires further detailed analysis of the proteinase expression, the mechanisms causing proenzyme activation, and identification of the proteinase substrate. This work may open the opportunity for reassessment of old interventions and development of new interventions to manage hypertension and its comorbidities.
Nature of dislocation loops in electron-irradiated CuAuI and Cu3Au

Abstract In CuAuI irradiated with 650 keV electrons at 300°C in a high-voltage electron microscope, six kinds of dislocation loops were found; their Burgers vectors and approximate habit planes are 1/2[01 1]/(010), 1/2[011]/(010), 1/2[101]/(100), 1/2[1101]/(100), 1/2[110]/(110) and 1/2[1 10]/(110). The first four kinds of loops are of the non-edge type, containing antiphase boundaries inside them, and the other two are of the pure-edge type and perfect in character. All loops are elongated in directions perpendicular to the c axis. No loops were found in grains oriented such that they were irradiated along [100], while numerous loops were found inside neighbouring twin-related grains oriented such that they were irradiated along [001]. Also, alignment of the loops at closely spaced twin interfaces in CuAuI and decoration of antiphase boundaries by Frank loops in Cu3Au were observed.
Observation of Light Propagation via Whispering Gallery Modes in 3D Networks of Coupled Spherical Cavities

We present spectroscopic evidence for efficient optical transport via coupled whispering gallery modes in 3D networks of slightly disordered spherical cavities with attenuation length in excess of 50 μm.
Avoidance of extinction through nonexistence: the use of museum specimens and molecular genetics to determine the taxonomic status of an endangered freshwater crayfish

We investigated the endangered status and taxonomic status of the freshwater crayfish Procambarus ferrugineus, a crayfish species considered for the candidate list of the Endangered Species Act. This species has a narrow distribution from central Arkansas, USA and is codistributed with its presumed sister species, Procambarus liberorum. We sampled extensively throughout the ranges of both primary burrowing species and collected mitochondrial DNA from a hypervariable fragment of the 16S gene from 109 individuals across 22 sites. We also collected data from a variable region of the 12S gene from a subset of the resulting 16S haplotypes. Due to our inability to sample what we considered P. ferrugineus in the field, we included museum specimens from the United States Natural History Museum of both P. ferrugineus and P. liberorum. Analyses of the resulting data suggested that these two species are indeed the same and we therefore synonymize them under the name of priority—P. liberorum. Additionally, our sampling discovered three new cryptic species from southwestern Arkansas all from the genus Procambarus. Nested clade phylogeographic analysis coupled with population genetic analyses suggested that P. liberorum has had three rounds of range expansion throughout the inferred evolutionary history. Using IUCN Red List criteria for conservation assessment, we conclude that the species P. liberorum should be considered stable, but with special concern because of habitat fragmentation and urbanization, small restricted range, and a moderate level of genetic diversity. Procambarus reimeri should be considered endangered due to its limited geographic range and the potential for a decline in suitable habitat. The three potentially newly discovered species should be considered data deficient until more information is obtained on their distributional limits and habitat requirements. Our study highlights the importance of thorough geographic and taxonomic sampling coupled with the utility of collecting data from museum specimens to reach robust taxonomic and conservation conclusions for endangered species.
The early days of geometric nonlinear control

Around 1970 the study of nonlinear control systems took a sharp turn. In part, this was driven by the hope for a more inclusive theory which would be applicable to various newly emerging aerospace problems lying outside the scope of linear theory, and also by the gradual realization that tools from differential geometry, and Lie theory in particular, could be seen as providing a remarkably nice fit with what seemed to be needed for the wholesale extension of linear control theory into a nonlinear setting. This paper discusses an initial phase of the development of geometric nonlinear control, including material on the broader context from which it emerged. We limit our account to developments occurring up to the early 1980s, not because the field stopped developing at that point but rather to limit the scope of the project to something manageable. Even so, because of the volume and diversity of the literature we have had to be selective, even within the given time frame.
Portable Data Management Cloud for Field Science

A modern field science such as archaeology is heavily data-driven using various kinds of state-of-the-art measurement instruments. It requires sophisticated computer infrastructure to manage large amounts of heterogeneous data. The concept of cloud computing provides a flexible cyber infrastructure for large-scale data management, which is being deployed at university campuses. A problem unique to field research is that researchers often work at remote field sites with limited computer and network resources. For a data management system that has to work in the campus cloud and under vastly different field conditions, portability of computer infrastructure and common data access methods are essential requirements. This paper explores the portability of cloud infrastructure and illustrates the portable data management system that we used in a recent archaeological expedition.
Determining the Length of a Criterion-Referenced Test:

When determining how many items to include on a criterion-referenced test, practitioners must re solve various nonstatistical issues before a par ticular solution can be applied. A fundamental prob...