cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Palimpsest: (Re)Reading Women's Lives:

Drawing on the postmodern and feminist critique of positivist notions of subjectivity, knowledge, and representation, this essay explores issues of self-representation in the life-history narratives of three female educators born early in the 20th century. This article focuses on how "double voicedness " functions as a narrative strategy that enables women to express conflicting conceptions of self. By rereading the women's life histories against traditional narratives of teaching, the authors acknowledge the layered mean ings-the palimpsest's surface and deep inscriptions-that form the fabric of women's lives and suggest how their emerging understandings of double voicedness might more deeply attune us to the multiple ways women actively construct, resist, and negotiate a gendered self.
The influence of internal HRM activity fit on the dynamics within the "black box"☆

Abstract Research has often called for studies to explain the complex causal chain known as the “black box” between human resource management (HRM) activities and individual-, unit-, and firm-level outcomes. To explore the dynamics within the “black box,” this article describes the influence of HRM activities (e.g., HRM policies, practices, and processes) on individual-, unit-, and firm-level outcomes, taking into consideration important mediating phenomena within the “black box,” such as human capital resources, motivation, and opportunities. Yet, we suggest that this basic understanding is insufficient to understand the dynamics within the “black box.” To fully comprehend how HRM activities affect outcomes across levels of analysis through the “black box,” one must consider how HRM activities interrelate to create positive (negative) synergistic effects. This research contributes to the literature of strategic HRM research by describing how and why aligned and interrelated HRM activities can create synergistic effects that may influence individual-, unit-, and firm-level outcomes through the “black box.” The described theoretical framework leads to the development of propositions to guide future research.
Differentiation dependent biphasic regulation of adipsin gene expression by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in 3T3-F442A adipocytes.

Adipsin is a serine protease with complement factor D activity that is synthesized by adipocytes and secreted into the blood stream. Expression of adipsin is deficient in models of genetic (ob/ob, db/db) and acquired (monosodium glutamate-lesioned) obesity, but the cellular mechanisms responsible for this deficiency are unknown. Because hyperinsulinemia is frequently associated with obesity, we evaluated the effects of this hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on adipsin secretion and adipsin messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. In the present study, we report that in fully differentiated adipocytes (after 11 days post confluence), insulin exposure progressively decreases adipsin secretion by 40%, 67%, and 78% after 2, 4, and 6 days of treatment. The inhibition of adipsin secretion by insulin is the result of a corresponding decrease in adipsin mRNA and is specific since two other differentiation - dependent fat cell mRNAs encoding aP2 (a fatty acid binding protein) and glycero...
Bistability of seizure-like bursting and silence.

Heart interneurons (HNs) in the third and fourth ganglia of the medicinal leech are units of the central pattern generator driving the heartbeat. When placed in bath with Co2+ and 4-aminopyridine, cells in a ganglion exhibit seizure-like activity with slow plateau oscillations [1]. In this scenario, the synaptic currents, the Ca2+ currents, and most of the K+ currents are blocked. We consider this bursting activity to be a model for chemically induced seizures. We present a novel Hodgkin-Huxley type model of the pharmacologically reduced HN. The model contains a leak current and four voltage-gated ionic currents: a fast Na+ current, a persistent Na+ current (IP), a non-inactivating K+ current (IK2), and a hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih). This model produced slow plateau-like bursting at an initial set of parameters. We systematically varied two parameters of the leak current (gLeak and ELeak) and recorded a variety of silent and oscillatory regimes. For a given value of ELeak, we established the range of values of gLeak for which the system supported bursting activity. For large values of gLeak, the model exhibited quiescence. As gLeak was decreased, the equilibrium lost stability in an Andronov-Hopf bifurcation, and a saddle orbit was born. The ranges of values in gLeak for which the system exhibited bursting and quiescence overlapped defining a range of values in gLeak supporting coexistence of the two regimes. Coexistence means that an external perturbation can switch the activity from one of the stable regimes to another. We explored bistability of bursting and silence by injecting a square pulse of current to perturb bursting activity. Pulses of current were characterized by two parameters: the amplitude of the pulse and the phase in the cycle period at which the pulse was applied. We varied the phase and amplitude through a range of values and determined whether a given pulse switched the activity from bursting to silence. We found contiguous parameter sets that satisfied this criterion. We examined the role of each current in supporting bistability of bursting and silence. The propensity of the model to bistability of bursting and silence was defined as the range of gLeak for which bursting and silence coexisted. We computed this value while iteratively varying the maximal conductance of each voltage-gated current. Increasing the maximal conductance of IK2 increased the range of bistability, and there was a similar trend for Ih. In contrast, the range of bistability increased as the maximal conductance of IP decreased. We tested whether these effects were complimentary. We selected values of the maximal conductances of IK2, Ih, and IP that each supported the largest range of bistability found. We performed a two-parameter (gLeak, ELeak) bifurcation analysis in both the initial model and this new model. The range of bistability in the new model increased substantially over that exhibited in the initial model. We suggest that this study could lead to the development of novel methods for controlling seizures.
EFFECTIVE READING COMPREHENSION INSTRUCTION: EXAMINING CHILD X INSTRUCTION INTERACTIONS

This study examined the effect of 3rd-grade language arts instruction on growth in children's reading comprehension skills and the degree to which the impact of instruction depended on the language and reading skills children brought to the classroom. Classrooms were observed in the fall, winter, and spring, and language arts activities were coded using multiple dimensions of instruction. Overall, the effect of instruction depended on children's fall reading comprehension scores. Children with average to low fall reading comprehension scores achieved greater growth in classrooms with more time spent on teacher-managed reading comprehension instructional activities but demonstrated less growth in classrooms with more time spent on child-managed reading comprehension activities. Research and classroom instruction implications are discussed.
Spatial structure in foraging groups of wedge-capped capuchin monkeys Cebus nigrivittatus

Individuals in foraging groups of wedge-capped capuchin monkeys, Cebus nigrivittatus, are organized in consistent and predictable configurations. This study examines how an individual's position in space, as characterized by its position relative to other animals and by its proximity to neighbours, influences its (a) capture success when foraging for invertebrates, (b) access to fruiting trees, and (c) time spent in vigilance (a measure of its vulnerability to predators). The dominant male and female and animals tolerated by this female occupy the advantageous centre-front positions. The positions of other animals depend on their respective age-sex classes, and are discussed relative to the risk of predation and foraging requirements of the different age-sex classes.
Thermodynamics of reactions catalyzed by d-hydantoinase and N-carbamoyl-d-amino acid hydrolase

Abstract Microcalorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography have been used to conduct a thermodynamic investigation of several biochemical reactions catalyzed by the enzymes d -hydantoinase and N-carbamoyl- d -amino acid hydrolase. Values of apparent equilibrium constants K′ and calorimetrically determined molar enthalpies of reaction ΔrHm(cal) were measured for the following d -hydantoinase catalyzed reactions: hydantoin(aq) + H2O(l) = ureidoacetic acid(aq); 5,6-dihydrouracil(aq) + H2O(l) = 3-ureidopropanoic acid(aq); 5-phenylhydantoin(aq) + H2O(l) = 5-phenyl d -carbamoylate(aq); and 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hydantoin(aq) + H2O(l) = 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl) d -carbamoylate(aq). Calorimetric measurements, in which both d -hydantoinase and N-carbamoyl- d -amino acid hydrolase were present, were performed on the following reactions: 5-phenylhydantoin(aq) + 3 H2O(l) = d -phenylglycine(aq) + carbon dioxide(aq) + ammonia(aq); and (4-hydroxy)-phenylhydantoin(aq) + 3H2O(l) = d -(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine(aq) + carbon dioxide(aq) + ammonia(aq). A chemical equilibrium model was then used to calculate thermodynamic property values (equilibrium constants K, standard molar enthalpies of reaction Δ r H m ∘ , standard molar Gibbs free energies of reaction Δ r G m ∘ , and standard molar entropies of reaction Δ r S m ∘ ) for chemical reference reactions that correspond to the overall biochemical reactions that were studied experimentally. In several cases, we also provided estimated property values based on data for structurally similar reactions. The results can be used together with the chemical equilibrium model to calculate values of K′, the standard apparent molar Gibbs free energy change Δ r G m ′ ∘ , the standard apparent molar enthalpy change Δ r H m ′ ∘ , changes in binding of the proton ΔrN(H+), and the position of equilibrium for the several overall biochemical reactions considered in this study over a reasonably wide range of temperature, pH, and ionic strength.
Developing and Implementing a Bereavement Support Program for College Students

The death of a loved one can be particularly difficult for college students, as significant losses are not anticipated during this time. Bereavement experiences are, however, not uncommon among college students, and campus environments can be isolating and nonconducive to recovery. To date, few interventions have been developed to meet bereaved college students' needs. The authors describe the rationale, development, and structure of a campus-based bereavement support program in New England, which provided a series of 17 support groups serving 105 students. They present feedback data from a subset of participants and discuss issues to consider in providing similar on-campus services.
Installation and commissioning of the CDMSII experiment at Soudan

In the past year and a half, the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) collaboration has been active at the Soudan mine in installing a system for running ZIP detectors that will be used to search for dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles. Presently, there is an operating cryogenic system, working electronics, a functional data acquisition and analysis system, passive shielding, an active muon veto, and 12 ZIP detectors. Six of the 12 ZIP detectors have been tested in situ and are fully operational with acceptable noise profiles. CDMS is in the process of commissioning the experiment and expects to be making a background measurement by the end of summer 2003.
Decreased BRCA1 confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells by altering estrogen receptor-coregulator interactions.

The breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) is mutated in approximately 50% of hereditary breast cancers, and its expression is decreased in 30–40% of sporadic breast cancers, suggesting a general role in breast cancer development. BRCA1 physically and functionally interacts with estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and several transcriptional regulators. We investigated the relationship between cellular BRCA1 levels and tamoxifen sensitivity. Decreasing BRCA1 expression in breast cancer cells by small interfering RNA alleviated tamoxifen-mediated growth inhibition and abolished tamoxifen suppression of several endogenous ER-targeted genes. ER-stimulated transcription and cytoplasmic signaling was increased without detectable changes in ER or ER coregulator expression. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that with BRCA1 knockdown, tamoxifen-bound ERα was inappropriately associated with coactivators, and not effectively with corepressors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that with tamoxifen, BRCA1 knockdown did not change ERα promoter occupancy, but resulted in increased coactivator and decreased corepressor recruitment onto the endogenous cyclin D1 promoter. Our results suggest that decreased BRCA1 levels modify ERα-mediated transcription and regulation of cell proliferation in part by altering ERα–coregulator association. In the presence of tamoxifen, decreased BRCA1 expression results in increased coactivator and decreased corepressor recruitment on ER-regulated gene promoters.
Foundations of a Connectivity Theory for Simplicial Complexes

This paper lays the foundations of a combinatorial homotopy theory, called A-theory, for simplicial complexes, which reflects their connectivity properties. A collection of bigraded groups is constructed, and methods for computation are given. A Seifert?Van Kampen type theorem and a long exact sequence of relative A-groups are derived. A related theory for graphs is constructed as well. This theory provides a general framework encompassing homotopy methods used to prove connectivity results about buildings, graphs, and matroids.
The Media and Male Identities: Audience Research in Media, Religion, and Masculinities

Findings from in-depth interviews with 19 Evangelical Protestant men regarding their ideas about masculinity, media, and religion are reported. The authors propose a critical test of a neoconservative view which laments a modern “crisis of masculinity” and which posits media as a villain in this crisis and religion, particularly conservative religion, as the savior. The study pursues a line of inquiry suggested by D. Gauntlett (2002) and S. M. Hoover (2006) with the hope of developing clearer ideas of how men make gendered narratives of self-understanding and presentation out of their media lives. These interviews contradicted the neoconservative claims, finding that media plays constructive roles in these men's senses of self in both masculine and religious terms.
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for the management of failed shoulder arthroplasty with proximal humeral bone loss: is allograft augmentation necessary?

Background Patients undergoing revision shoulder arthroplasty frequently have deficient proximal humeral bone stock. Proximal humeral allograft has been recommended to augment reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) to improve stability and function. This study reports the results of RTSA without proximal humeral allograft in patients with proximal humeral bone loss secondary to failed shoulder arthroplasty. Materials and methods From 2005 to 2008, 251 patients were enrolled in a prospective RTSA cohort study. Significant humeral bone loss was demonstrated in 15 of 56 undergoing revision for failed arthroplasty. Average age was 67 years. Average bone loss measured 38.4 mm (range, 26-72 mm). Patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years with American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), Constant Score (CS), and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, as well as self-reported satisfaction and radiographs. Results Patients demonstrated significant improvement in mean CS (23.0 to 44.2), ASES (38.2 to 68.3), ASES activities of daily living (7.0 to 15.9), SSV (19.2 to 75.8), and VAS pain (4.6 to 1.6) scores. Thirteen of 15 patients reported satisfaction (87%). Range of motion improved in forward flexion (38.3° to 103.2°) and external rotation (−0.5° to 11.9°). Radiographs demonstrated notching in 3 patients (20%), no humeral subsidence or loosening, and prosthetic fracture of 1 modular humeral stem. Conclusions Use of RTSA for failed shoulder arthroplasty and deficient humeral bone stock provides a significant clinical benefit without the need for allograft augmentation. Monoblock humeral component use may diminish risk for prosthetic fracture.
High times on the Tibetan Plateau: Paleoelevation of the Thakkhola graben, Nepal

East-west extension in the Tibetan Plateau is generally assumed to have resulted from gravitational collapse following thickening and uplift. On the basis of this assumption, several studies have dated east-west extensional structures to determine when the plateau attained its current high elevation. However, independent estimates of elevation are needed to determine whether extension occurred before, during, or after the plateau achieved its current elevation. Because the isotopic composition of meteoric water decreases with increasing elevation, significant change in local elevation throughout the Thakkhola graben depositional history should be recorded by change in δ 18 O values of fluvial and lacustrine carbonates. The δ 18 O values of ‐16‰ to ‐23‰ of Thakkhola graben carbonates reflect meteoric water values similar to modern values and suggest that the southern Tibetan Plateau attained its current elevation prior to eastwest extension. Initiation of Thakkhola graben extension is constrained between 10 and 11 Ma, based on magnetostratigraphy of the older Tetang Formation. The δ 13 C values of soil carbonates suggest an age younger than 8 Ma for the base of the Thakkhola Formation.
Research for command logistics

A review of the control responsibilities of a typical unified commander emphasizing logistic aspects. These responsibilities will be related to tasks, missions, employment of forces, and structure of the command organization. An indication will be made of what further progress is required. particularly wherein operations analysis and research methods can be applied. The suggested use of such means will include applications for improving normal staff and command functioning as well as hardware and facility development. The development and use of operations centers and direction systems will be included.
Semantic Labeling of Online Information Sources

In order to combine data from various heterogeneous sources, software agents must first understand the semantics of the sources, expressed in the source model. Currently, source modeling is manual, but as large numbers of sources come online, it is impractical to expect users to continue modeling them by hand. We describe two machine learning techniques for automatically modeling information sources: one that uses sourceâ€™s metadata, contained in a Web Service Definition file, and one that uses the sourceâ€™s content, to classify the semantics of the data it uses. We go beyond previous works and verify predictions by invoking the source with sample data of the predicted type. We provide performance results of both methods and validate our approach on several live Web sources. In addition, we describe the application of semantic modeling within the CALO project.
Increased Endobiotic Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Following Exposure to Methanol

Human exposure to methanol is likely to increase in the future due to its proposed use as an alternate automobile fuel. Since alcohols are known to esterify the fatty acids in the body and some of those esterified esters are toxic, we studied the formation of fatty acid esters of methanol in Long-Evans male rats given a single oral dose of 3.5 g/kg body weight of methanol in saline. Animals given an equal volume of saline served as control. Three rats were euthanized at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hr following the treatment. Fatty acid methyl esters, extracted from whole blood, liver, pancreas, and brown fat were separated by thin-layer chromatography and quantitated by gas chromatography (GC). Their identity was then confirmed by GC-mass spectrometry. Average levels as high as 596, 5293, 2239, 1106, 9665, 7728, 562, and 2792 micrograms/g (wet weight basis) of 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, and 20:4 fatty acid methyl esters, respectively, were found in the pancreas of methanol-treated rats. The average concentration of total fatty acid methyl esters was computed to be 4513, 29594, 22871, 18956, 17014, and 9702 micrograms/g in the pancreas compared to 1.9, 25.4, 36.8, 18.5, 18.9, and 14.2 micrograms/g in the liver at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr, respectively, following methanol exposure. On dry lipid weight basis, the levels were significantly higher again in pancreas followed by brown fat and liver. In whole blood, only low levels of 16:0, 18:0, and 20:4 fatty acid methyl esters could be detected at all time points. The highest concentration of total fatty acid methyl esters in the pancreas, liver, and brown fat was detected at 1, 3, and 24 hr, respectively. Most of the fatty acid methyl esters found in the liver and pancreas decreased after 6 hr of methanol exposure. The fatty acid methyl esters of higher concentrations were 16:0 in the whole blood, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 20:4 in liver, 18:1, and 18:2 in pancreas and 16:0, 18:1, and 18:2 in brown fat. These fatty acid methyl esters were also detected in the tissues of control rats indicating their endogenous formation. Significant increase in methylation of the fatty acids during methanol exposure, as found in this study, may serve as a defense mechanism for preventing available methanol from oxidative metabolism to render toxicity. However, the biological significance of these fatty acid methyl esters is yet to be understood.
Light microscopic autoradiographic localization of [3H]pirenzepine and [3H](−)quinuclidinyl benzilate binding in human stellate ganglia

Abstract We have utilized the LKB Ultrofilm method of autoradiography to anatomically localize putative M 1 and M 2 muscarinic receptor subtypes in human stellate ganglia. Ten micron sections were labeled in vitro with either 1 nM of the classical antagonist [ 3 H](−)quinuclidinyl benzilate ([ 3 H](−)QNB) or 20 nM of the non-classical antagonist [ 3 H]pirenzepine ([ 3 H]PZ), using 1 μM atropine sulfate to define non-specific binding for both ligands. Our results indicate that [ 3 H](−)QNB and [ 3 H]PZ binding sites are distributed within the principal ganglion cells and nerve bundles.
Role of the uvrE gene product and of inducible O6-methylguanine removal in the induction of mutations by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Escherichia coli.

Abstract Linked multiple mutation is observed after treatment of Escherichia coli with methyl methanesulfonate, N -methyl- N′ -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine, ethyl methanesulfonate, and N -ethyl- N -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine but not ultraviolet light. Induction of linked multiple mutations requires the uvrE + gene product indicating the involvement of the mismatch repair system. The observation of linked multiple mutations is not due to mutagenesis occurring in a subpopulation of cells. Growing point mutagenesis also occurs after treatment with these mutagens but not with ultraviolet light. It is likely that the excess of mutations observed with these mutagens at growing points is at least partly a relative effect, rather than one due to an absolute increase of reactivity at the DNA growing point region. This relative effect may result from the operation of an inducible repair mechanism which removes O 6 -alkylguanine residues from the DNA distal to the bacterial growing point. The adaptive response, first described by Robins & Cairns (1979) prefers O 6 -methylguanine over O 6 -ethylguanine.
Fabrication and characterization of a dual submicrometer-sized electrode.

The fabrication of polishable integrated dual submicrometer-sized electrodes has been reported. The electrode assembly consists of two closely spaced submicrometer-sized platinum disks. It has been accomplished by sealing and pulling platinum (Pt) wires in a θ glass pipet. Monitored by a microscope, the electrodes are polished on a 50 nm diamond lapping tape. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) show that the electrodes are well sealed and are disks. The two submicrometer-sized Pt disk electrodes can work either independently or in the generation−collection model. The shielding effect, feedback effect, and generation−collection efficiency have been discussed.
Trauma, especially of the submandibular glands, causes release of epidermal growth factor into bloodstream in mice

Submandibular glands in mice were traumatized by handling and then removed. Immunoreactive epidermal growth factor (EGF) in serum increased after 5 min and continued to increase, reaching at 1 h a peak of 50-fold normal in males and twice normal in females. If after traumatization the glands were repositioned with their blood supply intact, maximal increase of serum EGF at 1 h was 190-fold control values in males and 2-fold in females. In male mice, incision of abdominal wall skin led to a 15-fold increase of EGF in the serum; this rise was absent 3 days after sialoadenoectomy. After traumatization, repositioned submandibular glands lost 80% of their EGF; after the abdominal wall incision, only 30%. Following removal of submandibular glands, decrease of EGF level in serum was very slow: to 60% of the initial value after 3 days and to 40% after 10 days. By the HPLC characteristics, immunoreactive EGF in control serum and at its peak were indistinguishable. Urinary excretion of EGF was significantly elevated only when its serum level was 190-fold normal. We conclude that traumatized submandibular glands discharge into circulation a large part of their stored EGF. A similar but much less pronounced process takes place after abdominal skin incision. The presence of EGF in serum after its slow decline in sialoadenoectomized mice shows that a fraction of circulating EGF may recirculate prolonging its apparent half-life.
Pyrolysis GC–MS and THM-GC–MS studies of a black coating from Little Lost River Cave, Idaho

Abstract A black, shiny coating overlies rock paintings in Little Lost River Cave No. 1, located in southeastern Idaho. If this coating is the result of human activity within the cave – a condensate from cooking fires, for example – then a radiocarbon date on the coating would provide a minimum age for the underlying paintings. The work reported here was undertaken to test the assumption that the coating has an anthropogenic origin. Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (py-GC–MS) and thermally assisted hydrolysis-methylation-GC–MS, we have compared samples of the black coating from Idaho to humic acid, an experimental cooking residue, and amberat from packrats. The results show that the coating is not amberat, but bears the most similarity to humic acid, which would indicate a geologic origin for the coating. The age of the coating, then, is not likely related to the age of the paintings.
Variation in breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations can provide important information for women who are concerned about their breast and ovarian cancer risks and need to make relevant prevention and medical management decisions. However, lifetime risks of breast cancer in individual BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have been confusing to apply in clinical decision-making. Published risk estimates vary significantly and are very dependent on the characteristics of the population under study. Recently, Begg and colleagues estimated cancer risks in a population-based study of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Here, we discuss the clinical decision-making implications of this research in the context of risk factors that may influence risk estimates in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
On the dynamics of inequality

The dynamics of inequality are studied in a model of human capital accumulation with credit constraints. This model admits a multiplicity of steady state skill ratios that exhibit varying degrees of inequality across households. The main result studies equilibrium paths. It is shown that an equilibrium sequence of skill ratios must converge monotonically to the smallest steady state that exceeds the initial ratio for that sequence. Convergence is “gradual" in that the steady state is not achieved in finite time. On the other hand, if the initial skill ratio exceeds the largest steady state, convergence to a steady state is immediate.
Correlates of Susceptibility to Scams in Older Adults Without Dementia

This study examined correlates of susceptibility to scams in 639 community-dwelling older adults without dementia from a cohort study of aging. Regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, and income were used to examine associations between susceptibility to scams, measured by a five-item self-report measure, and a number of potential correlates. Susceptibility was positively associated with age and negatively associated with income, cognition, psychological well-being, social support, and literacy. Fully adjusted models indicated that older age and lower levels of cognitive function, decreased psychological well-being, and lower literacy in particular may be markers of susceptibility to financial victimization in old age.
Bone-derived factors active on bone cells

Effects of systemic calcium regulating hormones have been studied extensively, yet mechanisms of bone volume regulation at the local level are poorly understood. Our laboratory has reported evidence for two locally mediated processes of bone volume regulation which function independently of systemic control: (1) coupling of bone formation and resorption and (2) repletion of resorbed bone. These local regulatory mechanisms have been shown to occurin vivo andin vitro. We have reported that embryonic chick tibiae in culture, stimulated to resorb, release a factor in the serum-free culture medium that stimulates bone cell proliferation and bone matrix formationin vitro. We have postulated that this factor could be involved in the coupling mechanism. Subsequently, a similar factor which stimulates bone cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and bone formationin vitro was extracted from embryonic and adult bones. The factor partially purified from human bone, designated as human skeletal growth factor, has molecular weight, heat sensitivity and biological activity similar to the factor found in bone conditioned medium. Many other biologically active factors have also been extracted from bone cells or demineralized bone by different laboratories. Their actions on bone cells range from chemotactic to mitogenic. These recently discovered bone factors emphasize that there is important regulation of bone metabolism at the local level.
Exposure to interpersonal trauma, attachment insecurity, and depression severity

BACKGROUND: Exposure to traumatic events is a nonspecific risk factor for psychiatric symptoms including depression. The trauma-depression link finds support in numerous studies; however, explanatory mechanisms linking past trauma to current depressive symptoms are poorly understood. This study examines the role that attachment insecurity plays in mediating the relationship between prior exposure to trauma and current expression of depression severity. METHODS: Past trauma and attachment anxiety and avoidance were assessed at baseline in a large cohort (N=705) of adults admitted to a specialized adult psychiatric hospital with typical lengths of stay ranging from 6 to 8 weeks. Depression severity was assessed at day 14 of treatment using the Beck Depression Inventory-II. RESULTS: Interpersonal trauma (e.g., assaults, abuse) was correlated with depression severity, whereas exposure to impersonal trauma (e.g., natural disasters, accidents) was not. Adult attachment partially mediated the relationship between past interpersonal trauma and depression severity at day 14 among psychiatric inpatients. LIMITATIONS: Measure of trauma exposure did not systematically differentiate the age of exposure or relationship to the perpetrator. Individuals scoring high on the self-report attachment measure may be prone to over-report interpersonal traumas. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of depression in traumatized patients should include an assessment of attachment insecurity and may be fruitful target for intervention. Language: en
A note on a potential reduction algorithm for LP with simultaneous primal-dual updating

Potential function reduction algorithms for linear programming and the linear complementarity problem use key projections p"x and p"s which are derived from the 'double' potential function, @f(x, s) = o ln(x^Ts)[email protected]"j" "=" "1^n ln(x"js"j), where x and s are primal and dual slacks vectors. For non-symmetric LP duality we show that the existence of s, y, xsatisfyings = c - A^Ty, Ax = b such that p"x = (@r/x^Ts) Xs - e and p"s = (@r/x^Ts)Sx - e yields simultaneous primal and dual projection-based updating during the process of reducing the potential function o. The role of x, sin an O(@/nL) simultaneous primal-dual update algorithm is discussed.
Role of Cell Wall Hydrolases in Staphylococcus Aureus Cell Division

Most bacteria surround themselves with a tough cell wall made of peptidoglycan that preserves cellular integrity and maintains cell shape. Peptidoglycan must be dynamic to accommodate cell growth and division. Enzymes that hydrolyze peptidoglycan are crucial for these processes, but their activities can be lethal if not tightly controlled. In Gram-positive coccus Staphylococcus aureus, cell division can be classified into three stages: septation, daughter cell separation and finally disassociation. Previous Cryo-EM data has indicated that prior to cell separation the two daughter cells are only connected through the peripheral peptidoglycan. This result has led to the hypothesis that there are two classes of cell wall hydrolases: one class that splits the majority of the septum and the other class that resolves the final connecting ring to trigger cell separation. The identities of the hydrolases involved in these two stages and how the cell coordinates and regulates them are still not clear. We have examined the major cell wall hydrolases Atl and Sle1 in S. aureus and found that a sle1 deletion mutant is delayed in cell separation while an atl mutant separated normally but was impaired in cell disassociation.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Linear mappings which preserve acyclicity properties of graphs and digraphs and applications to matrices

Abstract We characterize linear mappings which map the set of all graphs (digraphs) with n vertices which contain no circuit (directed circuit) of length greater than or equal to k into or onto itself. We apply these results to characterize linear transformations on n × n matrices which preserve the above properties of the graph or the diagraph of the matrix.
Phylogenetic Relationships among Bufonoid Frogs (Anura: Neobatrachia) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

Abstract Nucleotide sequences of portions of the mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes were used to extend a recent study of anuran phylogeny (Hayet al., Mol. Biol. Evol.12: 928–937, 1995) and to further evaluate phylogenetic relationships within the Neobatrachia. An analysis of almost 900 nucleotides from each of 8 new representatives of the Dendrobatidae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae, and Myobatrachidae, plus 14 available members of the Neobatrachia provides support for 2 major lineages (Bufonoidea and Ranoidea) within this anuran suborder. The neotropical Bufonoidea and their derivatives are monophyletic. There is an interesting association of the 2 Australian myobatrachids with the South African Heleophrynidae, and the Sooglossidae is one of the basal bufonoid lineages. Within the New World bufonoid frogs, a monophyletic Dendrobatidae is strongly supported. An Australian hylid (Pelodryadinae) shows close affinity with the South American hylid Phyllomedusinae. A group composed of Hylinae (HylaandSmilisca), Centrolenidae, Bufonidae, and the hylid Hemiphractinae, with the latter two clustered, was supported significantly. The addition of new taxa has more clearly defined some relationships within the suborder Neobatrachia and has indicated that the families Hylidae, Leptodactylidae, and Myobatrachidae may not be monophyletic.
The relation of quadratic k-theory to hermitian k:-Theory

It is known that the Hermitian algebraic K-theory of a ring with antistructure is the fixed point theory of a certain involution on the algebraic K-theory of the ground ring. It is shown here that the (unitary) algebraic K-theory of nonsingular split quadratic forms over a ring with antistructure (R,α,u) is the same as the algebraic K-theory of nonsingular Hermitian forms over a related ring with antistructure (S⟪v). Specifically, S = R = R[d]/(d2) is the ring of dual numbers of R, the conjugation β is the antiautomorphism of S given by β{r + r’d) = α(r) - α(r’)d, and the unit of symmetry v= u(l + d). This makes it possible to regard split quadratic algebraic K-theory of R as a fixed point theory of an involution on algebraic K-theory of R . On the level of Ko (Grothendieck) groups, quadratic and split quadratic algebraic K-theory are the same. This is applied to show that the Kervaire-Arf invariant of skew-quadratic forms over Z (here (α,u) = (id,-l)) becomes identified with a generalized Hasse-Witt...
Experimental Investigation of a Direct-Drive Hall Thruster and Solar Array System

Studies of high-power solar electric propulsion systems (i.e., tens to hundreds of kilowatts) suggest that significant mass savings may be realized by implementing direct-drive power systems. The National Direct-Drive Testbed was established to address issues associated with implementation of direct drive, and experimental results at power levels up to 10 kW are reported here. Hall thruster operation and control were shown to be simple and no different from that for operation on conventional power supplies. Thruster oscillations were the same as those for conventional power supplies, did not adversely affect solar array operation, and were independent of filter capacitance from 8 to 80 μF. Solar array current and voltage oscillations were very small compared to their mean values and showed a modest dependence on capacitor size. Significantly, no instabilities or anomalous behavior were observed in the thruster or power system at any operating condition investigated, including near and at the array peak p...
MEASUREMENT OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN FIELDWORK SETTINGS

Norway A review article on medical anthropology, written by Benedicte Ingstad and Arild Skaara, appeared in Aniropolognyvi, the journal of the Norwegian Anthropological Association, in 1980. A year later, the same two people convened a series of seminars on medical anthropology held at the University of Oslo during the spring of 1981. Ingstad teaches medical students at the Institute for Social Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo 1, Norway, and has recently conducted two years of evaluation research on community-based rehabilitation services for WHO and NORAD in Botswana, where she also did work on traditional medicine and concepts of illness. Skaara, who teaches at the Diakonhjemmets School of Nursing in Oslo, is presently on leave doing work in Sri Lanka related to a number of NORAD-sponsored projects. Unni Wikan, also in Oslo, has done work on traditional medicine in Bali and has done collaborative work with physicians.
Response of adult murine uterine epithelium to 50% methoxychlor

Abstract This study was designed to assess the response of uterine epithelia of adult mice to a 4-week exposure of 50% methoxychlor (MXC) to ascertain whether significant changes were induced by 50% MXC that might compromise future implantation. Sexually mature virgin female mice were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg MXC via oral gavage for 5 consecutive days for 4 weeks. Controls received either sesame oil or 25 μg estradiol-17β (E-17β) also by gavage. At sacrifice, segments from each uterine horn were prepared for morphometric studies or for transmission electron microscopy. Results revealed a dose-dependent increase in the heights of uterine epithelial cells. Epithelial cell heights of the two groups treated with the highest doses of the pesticide were similar to that of the E-17β-treated group. Electron microscopy revealed increased vacuolization and swelling of mitochondria in cells of the 2.5 and 5.0 mg treated groups when compared to either of the control groups. In addition, there were effects on the number and size of microvilli in the uterine epithelial cells. The present study clearly demonstrates that a 4-week exposure of adult female mice to 50% MXC elicits significant estrogenic and toxic effects on the uterine epithelium.
Topical Anesthesia for Endoscopy; Evaluation of Prilocaine (Citanest), a New Local Anesthetic

A clinical study was carried out to evaluate the topical anesthetic effectiveness of a new local anesthetic, prilocaine (Citanest). A double blind comparison of 2 and 3 per cent prilocaine and 2 per cent lidocaine (Xylocaine) was carried out and no statistically significant difference between these agents was observed with regard to topical anesthesia. Lidocaine did have a statistically greater effect on abolishing the cough reflex when compared to 2 per cent prilocaine, but not as compared to 3 per cent prilocaine. A more careful comparison of 2 and 3 per cent prilocaine alone indicates that one can increase the duration of topical anestheia by increasing the concentration of this agent. However, for practical purpose, 2 per cent prilocaine appears to be adequate for most endoscopy procedures and in this study 2 per cent prilocaine was as effective as 2 per cent lidocaine as a topical anesthetic for endoscopy.
The Observer, the Experimenter and the Group

move again. He suffers from the centipe e complex.' Stephen Potter applies the concept, y will recall, in his advice to the golfing gamesman: when your opponent is on the green and about to putt, ask him what muscles he brings into play, and from what part of the body * Written for the symposium on Ethical and Methodological Problems in Social Psychological Experiments under the auspices of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues at the American Psychological Association convention, Chicago, Illinois, September 1965. 1 Brought to my attention by Robert F. Bales. 373
Characterization of a mixed diet reference material (NBS RM 8431) for inorganic elements and selected organic nutrients

A mixed diet reference material was produced from a typical diet menu selected from a human study. It included foods for 3 meals consumed in a day. Recommended values for 17 elements and for ash, fat and protein are given. In addition information is provided for individual sugars, total sugar and starch, where recommended values cannot yet be given.
INFORMATION SYSTEM UTILIZATION STRATEGY FOR SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION.

This paper investigates a set of strategies for information systems utilization in supply chain integration initiatives. We argue that there might be a recommended sequence in using information systems for supply chain integration. Support is provided through an analysis of structural relationships of ways in which information systems are utilized for supply chain integration, i.e., Infrastructural Support, Value Creation Management, Logistical Operations, and Supply Chain Management Performance.
Magnetic field effects on TMPD cation–electron recombination fluorescence in saturated hydrocarbons

Abstract The hyperfine induced magnetic field effect on N , N , N ′ , N ′ -tetramethylparaphenylenediamine (TMPD) cation-geminate electron recombination fluorescence is reported as a function of temperature in squalane. Magnetic field effects were additionally observed over some limited temperature range in the liquid, supercooled liquid and solid states of some smaller saturated hydrocarbons. The temperature dependence of the magnetic field effect intensity in squalane is quantitatively analyzed in terms of the fraction of recombinations occurring after spin mixing but before spin relaxation. Numerical analysis of the recombination time distribution exposes the importance of both diffusion and tunneling in the Coulomb field.
Development of Neonatal Th1/Th2 Function

Newborn animals generally mount poor T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. As a result, neonates fall prey to infectious agents and diseases which have little impact on immunocompetent adult animals. For some time, it was believed that this phenomenon was due to an intrinsic inability of newborns to mount developmentally mature Th1 responses. Recent studies in mice have challenged that view; under certain conditions, adult-level Th1 function has been achieved in newborns. More often, however, neonates develop Th2-dominant responses. A major challenge in the field of developmental immunology is to understand why the 'default' response for neonates is Th2 function. Cell intrinsic as well as environmental influences may contribute to Th2 skewing in neonates.
The chemistry of neptunium fluorides in liquid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. The isolation and characterization of NpF5

Abstract Pure NpF5 is precipitated from solutions of the alkali metal salts, MNpF6, in liquid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride by acid-base displacement reaction with BF3 NpF5 has the αUF5 structure. It decomposes rapidly only above 280°C to give NpF6 and NpF4. On hydrolysis in 1 M HC104 it disproportionates to give NpF4 and NpO++2. Characteristic optical spectra of the pure compound and the salts derived from it are given.
Redescription of a Cockroach Mite, Proctolaelaps nauphoetae, with Notes on Its Biology

Immature stages of a cockroach mite, Proctolaelaps nauphoetae (Womersley), are described, and adults redescribed. Some details of the biology of this ectoparasite are provided, including the first description of larviparous birth in an ascid mite.
Antibodies to sperm surface fertilization antigen (FA-1): their specificities and site of interaction with sperm in male genital tract.

The fertilization antigen (FA-1) isolated from murine testes demonstrated its dimeric form of 49,000 +/- 2,000 molecular weight (M.W.) or a monomer of 23,000 M.W. on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The FA-1 was immunogenic in all three female rabbits tested and raised a high-titer antisera [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers; 1:1,024 to 1:4,096]. The rabbit anti-FA-1 antisera predominantly recognized the dimeric form of 49,000 +/- 2,000 M.W. on the Western blot of lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS)-solubilized murine testes. None of the antisera reacted with any somatic tissue, indicating germ-cell specificity of FA-1. To determine the cellular localization of the immunoreactive FA-1, a novel ultrasensitive immunogold-silver staining (IGSS) procedure was developed. The anti-FA-1-IgG showed intense staining in the luminal region of the seminiferous tubules containing spermatids and spermatozoa. No reaction was observed in the peripheral area of the tubules containing Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, leptotene, and zygotene spermatocytes. The biodistribution studies of 125I-labeled anti-FA-1 IgG in mice revealed that the antibodies do not bind to somatic tissues such as blood cell, liver, heart, kidney, muscle, and gastrointestinal tissue and do not transudate into testes and seminal vesicle. However, the antibodies preferentially transudate into epididymis (especially corpus or cauda regions) and vas deferens to bind to sperm cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that FA-1 can induce an immune response that is germ cell-specific, directed against later stages of spermatogenesis. The antibodies to FA-1 interact with sperm after penetration through epididymis (especially corpus and cauda regions) and vas deferens rather than through testes and seminal vesicles.