cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combining Strategies to Select Reserves in Fragmented Landscapes

In the identification of reserve networks in fragmented landscapes with limited species-specific data at hand, one approach is to use selection criteria, such as patch size, to rank the habitat patches' conservation value and evaluate reserve-network alternatives. These criteria are assumed to be reasonable surrogates for the true network objectives. Caution is warranted, however, because the relationships between the selection criteria and the reserve-network objectives may be inconsistent. Conflicts are also likely to arise because no single reserve network will be optimal with respect to multiple objectives (or selection criteria) simultaneously. Instead, reserve planners must compromise between conflicting demands. We field tested the relationships between a variety of selection criteria and the objectives of a reserve network for the sandplain natural communities on Martha's Vineyard Island, Massachusetts (U.S.A.). Selection criteria that correlated with the reserve-network objectives were used in a multi-objective integer program to identify the 10-patch reserve networks that were optimal with each objective independently and those that offered optimal tradeoffs between the reserve-network objectives. From these 10-patch networks, one can select a final reserve network that provides the preferred compromise between the objectives.
Within cities and suburbs: Racial residential concentration and the spatial distribution of employment opportunities across sub-metropolitan areas

This article examines and compares the spatial distributions of new jobs and people across sub-metropolitan areas for Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, and Los Angeles. The jobs data come from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality and the data on people come from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The results indicate that less-educated people, public assistance recipients, and especially poor females with children mostly reside in areas heavily populated by minorities where the availability of less-skilled jobs is quite low, while the availability of these jobs relative to less-educated people in suburban areas heavily populated by whites is high. Large fractions of the less-skilled jobs in these metropolitan areas are not accessible by public transit. Furthermore, there is significant variation within both central cities and suburbs in the ethnic composition of residents and in less-skilled job availability. The ability of various minority groups to gain employment in each area depends heavily on the ethnic composition of the particular area. © 2000 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Effects of lipid peroxidation on adrenal microsomal monooxygenases

Abstract Incubation of guinea pig adrenal microsomes with 10 −6 M ferrous (Fe 2+ ) ion and adrenal cytosol initiated high levels of lipid peroxidation as measured by the production of malonaldehyde. Cytosol or Fe 2+ alone had little effect on microsomal malonaldehyde formation. When microsomes were incubated in the presence of Fe 2+ and cytosol, malonaldehyde levels continued to increase for at least 60 min. Accompanying the lipid peroxidation was a decline in adrenal microsomal monooxygenase activities. The rates of metabolism of xenobiotics (benzphetamine demethylase, benzo[α]pyrene hydroxylase) as well as steroids (21-hydroxylation) decreased as malonaldehyde levels increased. In addition, cytochrome P -450 levels, NADPH- and NADH-cytochrome c reductase activities, and substrate interactions with cytochrome(s) P -450 decreased as lipid peroxidation progressed. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by increasing microsomal protein concentrations during the incubation period prevented the changes in microsomal metabolism. Malonaldehyde had no direct effects on adrenal microsomal enzyme activities. The results indicate that lipid peroxidation may have significant effects on adrenocortical function, diminishing the capacity for both xenobiotic and steroid metabolism.
Is somatostatin or a somatostatin-like peptide involved in central nervous system control of gastric secretion?

Abstract Intracisternal injection of octapeptide analogs of somatostatin (SS), Cys-Phe-Phe- d -Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys (des-AA 1,2,4,5,12,13 -[ d -Trp 8 ]SS (ODT8-SS)) and Cys-Phe-Phe- d -Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe- d -Cys, increased the volume and the acid output of gastric secretion in rats. ODT8-SS given intravenously did not affect basal gastric secretion. The gastrosecretory effect of ODT8-SS, administered intracisternally is dose-dependent (0.01–1 μg), long acting, reversible, specific, and abolished by vagotomy, or systemic injection of atropine or SS. SS (5–10 μg) or [ d -Trp 8 ]SS (1 μg) had no effect on gastric secretion when given intracisternally. These results demonstrate that some octapeptide SS analogs, unlike SS or other SS analogs, have the capability to act in the brain to induce a vagal dependent stimulation of gastric secretion.
Playing it safe is dangerous

Understanding the cause of the substantial (and growing) degree of health and safety that has been achieved in the Western world is important. It cannot be wise to degrade the health and safety already achieved by undermining the mechanisms responsible for it, yet that is exactly what is happening. Toxicologists, who know better, must take their share of the blame.
Coordination of hamster lordosis and flank marking behavior: Role of arginine vasopressin within the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamus

The role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) within the medial preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (MPOA-AH) in the neural coordination of lordosis and flank marking was investigated. AVP, but not saline, microinjected into the MPOA-AH of ovariectomized hamsters not given hormone replacement therapy stimulated high levels of flank marking when tested with a sexually experienced male, or when tested alone. In contrast, AVP microinjected into the MPOA-AH of ovariectomized hamsters given estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone did not stimulate flank marking or inhibit lordosis during tests with a sexually experienced male. However these same females exhibited high levels of flank marking in response to AVP when tested alone. A second experiment demonstrated that progesterone was not required for inhibition of AVP-induced flank marking in ovariectomized females given EB replacement and tested with sexually experienced males. The present study provides no evidence that AVP acts within the MPOA-AH to inhibit hamster lordosis, but demonstrates that ovarian hormones and male social contact block the induction of flank marking by AVP microinjected into the MPOA-AH. These data suggest that one component in the neural coordination of lordosis and flank marking is inhibition of the response of the MPOA-AH to AVP.
Residential Satisfaction and Civic Engagement: Understanding the Causes of Community Participation

In this paper, we seek to examine the causes of civic engagement, which refers to a set of actions and efforts, a feeling of belonging, and an experience of investment and ownership in local, regional, national, or international communities. We propose that research on the determinants of civic engagement has missed an important independent variable, which is residential satisfaction. Building upon insights from residential satisfaction research, we hypothesize that the more satisfaction an individual has with their community, the more likely it is that they will be civically engaged. We test this theory with a hierarchical regression model. While the regression produced mixed results, our findings suggest that satisfaction with social offerings leads to an increase in civic engagement.
Interface Trap-Induced Nonideality in As-Deposited Ni/4H-SiC Schottky Barrier Diode

As-deposited Ni/SiC Schottky diodes often show nonideal forward conduction characteristics. The ideality can be improved by the formation of a nickel-silicide/SiC interface by annealing at $>650$ °C. The nonideal characteristics in as-deposited diodes are generally attributed to Schottky barrier inhomogeneity at the interface. However, recent studies show that highly nonideal characteristics ( $n > 1.2$ ) cannot be explained by the existing inhomogeneity models. In this paper, we report the observation of hysteresis patterns in the $I$ – $V$ and $CV$ characteristics Please check whether the representation of “ $CV$ ” is OK throughout. of as-deposited nonideal diodes. It is argued that the existence of evenly distributed slow, donor-like interface traps can explain the hysteresis and the associated Schottky nonideality. A trap density of $10^{8}$ – $10^{{10}}~\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$ was estimated from the $I$ – $V$ and $CV$ hysteresis.
Role Boundaries and Paying Back: ‘Switching Hats' in Participant Observation

Participant observers encounter researcher role dilemmas when they conduct studies in settings where they also are employed. Focusing on the technique of role-switching as a practical field relationship tactic, this article describes how subjects may use the researcher's dual status during research. The author illustrates four instances of researcher role-switching in her relationships with subjects in a study of black students in a university where she also is a faculty member and an administrator. The relationship between researcher role management and the premise of reciprocity in field research is conceptualized from the author's perspective of role-taking in the participant observer's work site.
Gangliosides Drive the Tumor Infiltration and Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

While it is now widely appreciated that anti-tumor immunity is critical to impede tumor growth and progression, there remain significant gaps in knowledge about the mechanisms used by tumors to escape immune control. In tumor cells, we hypothesized that one mechanism of immune escape used by tumors involves the synthesis and extracellular shedding of gangliosides, a class of biologically active cell surface glycosphingolipids with known immunosuppressive properties. In this study, we report that tumor cells engineered to be ganglioside-deficient exhibit impaired tumorigenicity, supporting a link between ganglioside-dependent immune escape and tumor outgrowth. Notably, we documented a dramatic reduction in the numbers and function of tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in ganglioside-deficient tumors, in contrast to the large MDSC infiltrates seen in ganglioside-rich littermate control tumors. Transient ganglioside reconstitution of the tumor cell inoculum was sufficient to increase MDSC infiltration, supporting a direct connection between ganglioside production by tumor cells and the recruitment of immunosuppressive MDSC into the tumor microenvironment. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of immune escape that supports tumor growth, with broad implications given that many human tumors produce and shed high levels of gangliosides.
Influence of Soil Suction and Environmental Factors on Drying Characteristics of Granular Subgrade Soils

According to contractors in Florida, construction problems have emerged because pavement soils hold excessive water and are difficult to dry and compact. Recent research on the effects of soil suction and environmental conditions on drying rate characteristics of six types of troublesome granular soils is presented. Two types of tests were conducted for the study: soil suction tests using the thermocouple psy-chrometer method and drying rate tests using an environmental chamber. The experimental results showed that both the soil suction and relative humidity had direct effects on the soil-drying rate. The drying rate decreased with an increase in soil suction for each soil type and also decreased with an increase in the percentage of fines. The influence of relative humidity on the soil-drying rate was much more significant than the effect of the temperature. The rate of water evaporation was extremely low for the soils with a higher percentage of fines when the relative humidity was high. The A-2-4 soils...
CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF MICE : II. FREQUENCY OF UNIPOTENT SPLENIC ANTIGEN-SENSITIVE UNITS AFTER IMMUNIZATION WITH SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES

Spleen cell suspensions of primed donor mice containing precursors of immunocytes have been transplanted into X-irradiated recipient mice 122–138 days after immunization. Following secondary stimulation with antigen (sheep erythrocytes), these precursors, called antigen-sensitive units (ASU), gave rise to progeny cells secreting specific antibody in the spleens of recipients. Single cells releasing IgM hemolysins (direct plaque-forming cells or PFC), IgG hemolysins (indirect PFC), and hemagglutinins (cluster-forming cells or CFC) were enumerated. By transplanting graded and limiting numbers of primed spleen cells, inocula were found which contained one or a few ASU reaching the recipient spleens. We estimated, thereby, the frequency of ASU detectable by our procedures in donor cell suspensions. The values obtained from direct and in-indirect plaque assays, and from cluster assays were 1 in ∼8.0 x 105, 1 in ∼4.4 x 105, and 1 in ∼5.9 x 105 nucleated spleen cells, respectively. The number of splenic ASU for direct PFC was not greater than that of unimmunized mice; however, immunization greatly increased the number of splenic ASU for indirect PFC and for CFC. By applying to each recipient spleen direct and indirect plaque tests and cluster tests, we found that positivity for each type of immunocyte was independent from that of the other two types. These results confirm the unipotent nature of splenic ASU in general, and document the commitment of ASU primed with SRBC to generate progeny cells secreting antibody of a single molecular (IgM or IgG) or functional (lysin or agglutinin) class. We concluded that splenic ASU are composed of relatively differentiated cells of the immune system of mice. With respect to specificity and class differentiation, ASU appear to be as specialized as antibody-producing cells themselves. Our results did not support the view that ASU-derived clonal populations shift from IgM to IgG antibody production.
1147 LIVER ULTRASTRUCTORE IN NEUROLOGICAL GRADE I (SO-CALLED MILD) REYE'S SYNDROME (RS)

Of 106 consecutive cases of RS, 23 were neurological Grade I upon admission. Fourteen cases, including 2 who progressed to coma, received diagnostic liver biopsy for examination by lipid histochemistry, and electron microscopy (EM). Initial clinical chemical measures were SGOT 130-1524 IU (mean 609), SGOT 50-2300 IU (mean 761), blood NH3 15-339 μgm/dl (mean 103), CPK 0-10 Bioscience units (mean 2.3). By light microscopy, all liver specimens were typical of RS, demonstrating heavy panlobular micro-vesicular neutral fat. There was substantial variation in organelle damage from patient to patient; all demonstrated universal mitochondrial matrix expansion and pleomorphism in osmium-fixed liver, but matrix dense bodies were not universally absent, being present in most mitochondria of least damaged livers and absent in 2 livers demonstrating the most severe EM changes. Peroxisomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were greatly increased; glycogen was reduced and golgi lipoprotein particles were reduced or absent in all but 1 case. Rough ER was normal. Bile stasis was absent. Some disintegrating liver cells were present in all samples. Conclusion: In RS, Grade I neurological status is not synonymous with “mild” disease because: 1) some Grade I children have unexpected severe alteration of liver ultrastructure; and 2) certain children unexpectedly progress to severe encephalopathy. All Grade I cases should be hospitalized for glucose infusion and careful observation.
Self organizing modular neural networks

An argument is made for the advantages of self-scaling neural network learning algorithms as opposed to fixed-topology algorithms such as backpropagation. Cascade correlation is shown to be a self-scaling learning algorithm of great promise that suffers from some bad characteristics. These drawbacks include degradation of learning speed and quality with the size of the network and the development of deep networks with high fan-in rates to hidden units. The iterative atrophy algorithm is introduced as an enhancement of cascade correlation. It preserves the good features of cascade correlation while eliminating the worst characteristics. It is also shown that the new algorithm extends nicely into the realm of modular learning algorithms, where it is named modular iterative atrophy. >
Large-Eddy Simulation of the Tip Flow of a Rotor in Hover

An efficient and flexible parallel version of a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) solver has been developed to simulate the compressible tip-flow of a rotor in hover. The solver employs an immersed-boundary technique in conjunction with a curvilinear structured grid and the dynamic model is used to model the subgrid scale (SGS) stress terms. The solver also employs a hybrid implicit-explicit time-discretization scheme wherein the diagonal viscous terms are treated implicitly and all other terms including the convective terms and cross- terms are treated explicitly using a low-storage 3 rd -order Runge-Kutta scheme. A mixed second-order central-difference-QUICK scheme has been used which allows us to precisely control the numerical damping. Preliminary results from non-rotating tip-flow are presented.
Acute acral pustulosis.

SUMMARY We report a patient with a pustular eruption in an acral distibution that developed abruptly 4 days after a streptococcal pharyngitis. The histology showed an intraepidermal vesicle filled with neutrophils with an underlying lymphocytic vasculitis. Direct immunofluorescence demonstrated heavy deposition of C3 within the vessel walls. In addition, circulating immune complexes were found.
Rates of avoidant, schizotypal, schizoid and paranoid personality disorders in psychometric high-risk groups at 5-year follow-up

We read the recent Fogelson et al. (2007) article with considerable interest. The findings of the UCLA family study provide strong evidence that avoidant personality disorder occurs at significantly greater rates among first-degree relatives of schizophrenia probands than among relatives of community controls. This increased prevalence held true even when controlling for the presence of schizotypal and paranoid personality disorders. Thus, the Fogelson et al. (2007) findings are consistent with those of other family studies in terms of suggesting that avoidant personality disorder should be included as a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder.
Approximate Dynamic Programming in Knowledge Discovery for Rapid Response

One knowledge discovery problem in the rapid response setting is the cost of learning which patterns are indicative of a threat. This typically involves a detailed follow-through, such as review of documents and information by a skilled analyst, or detailed examination of a vehicle at a border crossing point, in deciding which suspicious vehicles require investigation. Assessing various strategies and decision rules means we must compare not only the short term effectiveness of interrupting a specific traveler, or forwarding a specific document to an analyst, but we must also weigh the potential improvement in our profiles that results even from sending a “false alarm”. We show that this problem can be recast as a dynamic programming problem with, unfortunately, a huge state space. Several specific heuristics are introduced to provide improved approximations to the solution. The problems of obtaining real-world data to sharpen the analysis are discussed briefly.
Hive: fault containment for shared-memory multiprocessors

Reliability and scalability are major concerns when designing operating systems for large-scale shared-memory multiprocessors. In this paper we describe Hive, an operating system with a novel kernel architecture that addresses these issues. Hive is structured as an internal distributed system of independent kernels called cells. This improves reliability because a hardware or software fault damages only one cell rather than the whole system, and improves scalability because few kernel resources are shared by processes running on different cells. The Hive prototype is a complete implementation of UNIX SVR4 and is targeted to run on the Stanford FLASH multiprocessor. This paper focuses on Hive's solution to the following key challenges : (1) fault containment, i.e. confining the effects of hardware or software faults to the cell where they occur. and (2) memory sharing among cells, which is required to achieve application performance competitive with other multiprocessor operating systems. Fault containment in a shared-memory multiprocessor requires defending each cell against erroneous writes caused by faults in other cells. Hive prevents such damage by using the FLASH firewall, a write permission bit-vector associated with each page of memory, and by discarding potentially corrupt pages when a fault is detected. Memory sharing is provided through a unified file and virtual memory page cache across the cells, and through a unified free page frame pool. We report early experience with the system, including the results of fault injection and performance experiments using SimOS, an accurate simulator of FLASH. The effects of faults were contained to the cell in which they occurred in all 49 tests where we injected fail-stop hardware faults, and in all 20 tests where we injected kernel data corruption. The Hive prototype executes test workloads on a four-processor four-cell system with between 0% and 11% slowdown as compared to SGI IRIX 5.2 (the version of UNIX on which it is based).
Effects of Wall Cooling on Hypersonic Boundary Layer Receptivity Over a Cone

Effects of wall cooling on the receptivity process induced by the interaction of slow acoustic disturbances in the free-stream are numerically investigated for a boundary layer flow over a 5-degrees straight cone. The free-stream Mach number is 6.0 and the Reynolds number is 7.8x10(exp 6)/ft. Both the steady and unsteady solutions are obtained by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations using 5th-order accurate weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme for space discretization and using 3rd-order total variation diminishing (T VD) Runge-K utta scheme for time integration. Computations are performed for a cone with nose radius of 0.001 inch for adiabatic wall temperature (T(sub aw)), 0.75*T(sub aw), 0.5*T(sub aw), 0.40*T(sub aw), 0.30*T(sub aw), and 0.20*T(sub aw). Once the mean flow field is computed, disturbances are introduced at the upstream end of the computational domain. Generation of instability waves from leading edge region and receptivity of boundary layer to slow acoustic waves are investigated. Computations showed that wall cooling has strong stabilization effect on the first mode disturbances as was observed in the experiments. T ransition location moved to upstream when wall cooling was applied It is also found that the boundary layer is much more receptive to fast acoustic wave (by almost a factor of 50). When simulations performed using the same forcing frequency growth of the second mode disturbances are delayed with wall cooling and they attained values two times higher than that of adiabatic case. In 0.20*T(sub aw) case the transition Reynolds number is doubled compared to adiabatic conditions. The receptivity coefficient for adiabatic wall case (804 R) is 1.5225 and for highly cooled cones (241, and 161 R); they are in the order of 10(exp -3).
Critical Issues Response: Reflections, Connections, and Imperfections

GEORGIA We thank the JLR editors and the Critical Issues authors for giving us this opportunity to read and respond to their work. Alas the timing if only we had read them before we wrote our article (Moller & Allen, 2000, this issue)! But even after the fact, we found their insights most helpful in thinking about our work. Sumara (2000, this issue) describes Complexity Theory as a rubric for collecting theoretical understandings across multiple domains of physical and social science to investigate complex systems as volatile, adaptable, evolutionary, and creative. In a related investigation, we used the physics metaphor of complex adaptive systems employed by Patterson, Cotton, KimbellLopez, Pavonetti, and VanHorn (1998) to reflect on the dynamics of literature discussion groups (Allen, Moller, & Stroup, 1999). This metaphor provides a framework for teachers to "make sense of the dynamic and unpredictable complexities of conversations so they can make quick decisions about how to lead generative literature conversations among students" (Patterson et al., p. 143). As we discovered, it was not just the teachers who must make quick decisions the whole system
Soft-error-rate improvement in advanced BiCMOS SRAMs

An improvement in soft-error-rate (SER) achieved by implementing a triple-well structure in a BiCMOS process is discussed. For 4-Mb SRAMs fabricated in a BiCMOS process, an optimized triple-well process improves the accelerated SER (ASER) by over two orders of magnitude without compromising device performance. Diode charge collection and ASER measurements show excellent correlation across several BiCMOS and CMOS processes. >
Is heart failure survival improving? Evidence from 2323 elderly patients hospitalized between 1989-2000.

Abstract Background While drug therapy and medical management improved markedly over the last decade, the basic clinical characteristics of the heart failure patient population treated at the study hospital changed little. This offers an excellent opportunity to study potential heart failure survival improvements for a general patient population. Methods Vital status follow-up through 2001 was obtained from the Social Security Death Index for all 2323 patients aged ≥65 years at the time of an initial, medically managed heart failure hospitalization between October 1989 and March 2000. Kaplan Meier survival probabilities were compared across 4 time periods in the 1990s. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate age, sex, race and comorbidity-adjusted differences in survival among patients admitted in 1989–1991 and 3 subsequent multi-year periods. Results There was an increase in the proportion of older female patients with more chronic conditions. Compared with patients admitted in 1989–1991, survival probabilities for patients admitted in 1999–2000 had improved about 5% at 30 days (to 95%) and 10% at 1 year in 1999–2001 (to 73.5%). For those admitted between 1989–1998, there was a 9% improvement over 1989–1991 at 5 years (to 36%). Hazards model results indicated that patients admitted in 1999–2000 had a relative risk of death only 66% that of patients admitted in 1989–1991 ( P Conclusions These findings provide evidence of modest but significant short-term survival improvements, particularly after 1998, when drug therapy had became optimal in the inpatient setting, patient education and discharge planning became better documented, and inpatient mortality rates had declined substantially.
Bulk contribution to resonant second-harmonic generation at Si-SiO/sub 2/ interfaces

Summary form only given. Spectroscopic second-harmonic generation (SHG) studies have shown that a resonance occurs around the E/sub 1/ transition energy of bulk Si at Si-SiO/sub 2/ interfaces. Original studies neglected the bulk SHG contribution and showed the induced static field effects at interface cannot be responsible for the resonance. We found that the bulk contribution is non-negligible and it can shift the resonance energy.
Analysis of Nanocrystalline and Microcrystalline ZnO Sintering Using Master Sintering Curves

Master sintering curves were constructed for dry-pressed compacts composed of either a nanocrystalline or a microcrystalline ZnO powder using constant heating rate dilatometry data and an experimentally determined apparent activation energy for densification of 268±25 and 296±21 kJ/mol, respectively. The calculated activation energies for densification are consistent with one another, and with values reported in the literature for ZnO densification by grain boundary diffusion. Grain boundary diffusion appears to be the single dominant mechanism controlling intermediate-stage densification in both the nanocrystalline and the microcrystalline ZnO during sintering from 65% to 90% of the theoretical density (TD). Based on both the consistency of the calculated activation energy as a function of density and the narrow dispersion of the sintering data about the master sintering curve (MSC) for the nanocrystalline ZnO, there is no evidence of either significantly enhanced surface diffusion or grain growth during sintering relative to the microcrystalline ZnO. The MSC constructed for the nanocrystalline ZnO was used to design time–temperature profiles to successfully achieve four different target sintered densities on the MSC, demonstrating the applicability of the MSC theory to nanocrystalline ceramic sintering. The most significant difference in sintering behavior between the two ZnO powders is the enhanced densification in the nanocrystalline ZnO powder at shorter times and lower temperatures. This difference is attributed to a scaling (i.e., particle size) effect.
Quercetin supplementation does not alter antioxidant status in humans

This study measured the influence of ingesting quercetin on plasma measures for oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Male and female subjects (n = 1002) varying in age (18-85 years) and body mass index (BMI) (16.7-52.7 kg/m(2)) were studied. Subjects were randomized to one of three groups using double-blinded methods: placebo, 500 mg or 1000 mg quercetin/day with 125 mg or 250 mg vitamin C/day, respectively. Pre- and post-study fasting blood samples show that plasma quercetin increased in a dose-responsive manner. The pattern of change in plasma F(2)-isoprostanes, oxidized low density lipoprotein, reduced glutathione, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) did not differ between supplementation groups or after adjustment for gender, age, BMI and disease status. In summary, quercetin supplementation over 12 weeks in doses of 500 mg or 1000 mg/day significantly increased plasma quercetin levels, but had no influence on several measures of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity.
Mental illness stigma and disclosure in college students.

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental illness identity, shame, secrecy, public stigma, and disclosure amongst college students. Participants included 1393 college students from five postsecondary institutions.Methods: Structural equation modeling was used to examine two path models predicting disclosure and desire to join a program aiding with disclosure.Results: Variables found to be significant in predicting disclosure included mental illness identity and public stigma. In turn, desire for disclosure predicted desire to join a program aiding in disclosure. Gender and race/ethnic differences were observed, with men and Whites more likely to want to disclose a mental illness or join a program aiding with disclosure compared with women and non-Whites, respectively.Conclusions: These findings suggest that some college students may find programs aiding in disclosure useful in assisting them to achieve their desire to be “out” with their mental illness.
The in vivo effect of digitoxin on rat heart phosphatides.

Digitoxin was shown to increase the specific activity of heart ventricle phosphatides in rats receiving simultaneously radioactive orthophosphate and digitoxin as compared to control rats not receiving digitoxin. The increase in specific activity was demonstrated in both lecithin and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The other heart muscle lipids were not investigated. Glycerol and ethanol, which arc constituents of the vehicle in which the digitoxin is dissolved, do not alter the specific activity of the heart muscle phosphatides. The vehicle itself (without digitoxin) has some activity.
Values, Political Knowledge, and Public Opinion about Gay Rights: A Framing-Based Account

This study examines how political knowledge has shaped the effects of two values-egalitarianism and traditional morality-on American public opinion about gay rights and whether media framing accounts for the role that knowledge has played. An analysis of mass media coverage during the peak years of the debate over gay rights (1990-97) showed that the implications of moral traditionalism were virtually undisputed in this debate, whereas both sides laid claim to egalitarianism. Analysis of American National Election Studies survey data demonstrated that in 1992 and 1996 the impact of moral traditionalism on public opinion grew stronger as political knowledge increased, whereas the impact of egalitarianism did not vary across levels of knowledge. Thus, the results suggest that the extent to which political knowledge moderates a value's effect on opinion can depend on whether public debate provides an undisputed frame or competing frames for that value. One could, in turn, frame the implications of this finding for democratic politics in more than one way
Hemorheological Abnormalities in Acute Cerebral Ischemia

Recent clinical therapeutic trials and epidemiological studies have resulted in increased interest in the relationships between hemorheology and stroke [4, 6]. We have thus conducted a study evaluating hemorheological variables and clinical aspects of cerebral ischemia. In this study, which is still in progress, we have addressed the following issues: (a) What are the systemic hemorheological alterations in acute cerebral ischemia? (b) Are these alterations specific for cerebral ischemia? (c) Are these alterations specific for clinical subtypes of cerebral ischemia?
Strategies to Determine Off-Target Effects of Engineered Nucleases

Genome editing is greatly facilitated by using engineered nucleases to specifically cleave a pre-selected DNA sequence. Cellular repair of the nuclease-induced DNA breaks by either non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) allows genome editing in a wide range of organisms and cell lines. However, if a nuclease cleaves at genomic locations other than the intended target, known as “off-target sites”, it can lead to mutations, chromosomal loss or rearrangements, causing gain/loss of function and cytotoxicity. Although zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), TAL effector nuclease (TALENs), and CRISPR/Cas9 systems have been used successfully to create specific DNA breaks in cells, they lack perfect specificity and may result in off-target cleavage. Methods have been developed to predict and to quantify the off-target cleavage events, which are very important for optimizing nuclease design and determining if the gene editing approaches are highly specific. These methods have the potential to significantly facilitate the design of engineered nucleases for genome editing applications.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN RESIDUES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY

ABSTRACT The application of high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry techniques for the quantitative determination of nanogram- and picogram-per-gram levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in combustion processes, biological and human tissues is described. Validation of analytical methodology via the on-going EPA Dioxin Monitoring Program, quality assurance programs, criteria for confirmation of TCDD, limits of detection and analytical results are discussed.
A Cost-Benefit Analysis on the Research Infrastructure for the Next-generation Network Computing Platform

The Project to build a next-generation network computing platform is being implemented as part of the initiative to establish a basis for information technology research. The purpose of this project is to promote increased productivity of corporations by creating an environment for tests and evaluations, by establishing IT research facilities and by installing related equipment, which in turn will serve as the basis for technological progress at small and medium-sized companies. The purpose of this study is to implement a cost-benefit analysis of the project to build a next-generation network computing platform.
Disulfide-Bond Scrambling Promotes Amorphous Aggregates in Lysozyme and Bovine Serum Albumin

Disulfide bonds are naturally formed in more than 50% of amyloidogenic proteins, but the exact role of disulfide bonds in protein aggregation is still not well-understood. The intracellular reducing agents and/or improper use of antioxidants in extracellular environment can break proteins disulfide bonds, making them unstable and prone to misfolding and aggregation. In this study, we report the effect of disulfide-reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) on hen egg white lysozyme (lysozyme) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) aggregation at pH 7.2 and 37 °C. BSA and lysozyme proteins treated with disulfide-reducing agents form very distinct amorphous aggregates as observed by scanning electron microscope. However, proteins with intact disulfide bonds were stable and did not aggregate over time. BSA and lysozyme aggregates show unique but measurable differences in 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) and 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthyl-5,5'-disulfonic acid (bis-ANS) fluorescence, suggesting a loose and flexible aggregate structure for lysozyme but a more compact aggregate structure for BSA. Scrambled disulfide-bonded protein aggregates were observed by nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for both proteins. Similar amorphous aggregates were also generated using a nonthiol-based reducing agent, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), at pH 7.2 and 37 °C. In summary, formation of distinct amorphous aggregates by disulfide-reduced BSA and lysozyme suggests an alternate pathway for protein aggregation that may be relevant to several proteins.
QL-10NEURO-ONCOLOGY TELEMEDICINE FOLLOW-UP VISITS

We report our 18 month experience with the use of a videoconferencing system to perform neuro-oncology follow-up visits. The Neuro-oncology Program at the Kaiser Permanente-Los Angeles Medical center serves the majority of Kaiser HMO patients in the Southern California region. We installed a videoconferencing system (Cisco TelePresence EX90, Cisco Systems, San Jose, CA) in our office in Los Angeles and in a medical office building in Anaheim, CA at a distance of 35 miles. Established neuro-oncology patients from Orange County chose between in-person and remote visits. Patients were seated in an examination room and the neuro-oncology provider alerted by text page. A focused history and physical examination was performed, followed by desktop sharing of clinical and laboratory data using an electronic medical record (Epic Systems Corporation, Verona, WI) and of neuroimages (Phillips iSite PACS, Andover, MA). Patients were asked, but not required, to complete an anonymous online 16 question satisfaction survey after each visit. Visits were performed by either a neuro-oncologist (179) or a Physician's Assistant (12). Of the 191 visits, 174 included evaluation of neuroimaging and 77 included evaluation of response to ongoing chemotherapy. During 12 visits chemotherapy was initiated, and during 15 visits the chemotherapy regimen was changed based on imaging findings. One-hundred and eleven surveys (58% of visits) were completed. Patients reported a high level of satisfaction with the visits (average 9.6, on a 1-10 scale). The average estimated travel time saved was 118 minutes per visit. Four surveys reported technical problems and 1 indicated a preference for an in-person visit. No adverse events could be attributed to use of the telemedicine system. These data suggest that neuro-oncology follow-up visits can be practiced safely and effectively using a telemedicine system, with high levels of patient satisfaction.
Analysis of Souvenirs Design for Taiwan Aboriginal

According to current situation of Chinese souvenirs industry,taking the successful experience of souvenirs creation and promotion for Taiwan aboriginal,it put forward to construct and develop the road of souvenirs industry development with local characteristics,must integrate tourism resources,to establish brand awareness,correct guide the tourism consumption,laying a good foundation for the development of our country tourism souvenirs business and cultural creative industry.
Automatic control operation system of trailer mounted pumping unit

According to operating process of trailer mounted pumping unit, an auto control operation system of trailer mounted pumping unit is developed. The auto control operation system can ascertain oil position exactly, memorize data automatically and modify mistake in time. It can replace manual operation completely.
Familial nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia.

A congenital familial chronic hemolytic anemia not conforming to the known types was observed in 3 members of a French-Canadian family. The erythrocytes were normochromic, normocytic to macrocytic, and had normal osmotic and mechanical fragility. Spherocytosis. elliptocytosis and sickling were absent but a moderate degree of ovalocytosis was present in many of the patients’ red corpuscles. No acid hemolysis could be demonstrated. The survival of erythrocytes transfused from one of the patients to a normal recipient was significantly shortened, whereas normal erythrocytes transfused into 2 of the patients survived normally, indicating an intracorpuscular defect. Clinically the condition was characterized by jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, osseous changes, and a tendency toward the development of mongoloid facies. Typical hemolytic crises have been absent. Despite moderately severe anemia there has been remarkably little interference with normal childhood activity.
On finite force and moment stress elasticity

Earlier considerations [4, 6] of the statics and kinematics of force and moment stresses and strains are complemented by the consideration of constitutive relations for an elastic medium. Known variational theorems for stresses and displacements of finite force stress elasticity, and of infinitesimal force and moment stress elasticity, are generalized to the case of finite force and moment stress elasticity.
Statistical models for screening: planning public health programs.

The previous chapter discusses the general ideas associated with modeling the early detection of disease. In particular, the chapter discusses the role of models in considering the quantitative aspects of the early detection of disease. In this chapter, it will be assumed that clinical trials have established the benefit of early detection of disease and we will discuss the issues in bringing these benefits to widespread public health use.
Autonomous noise removal from EEG signals using independent component analysis

Electroencephalography (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems have drawn wide interest from researchers in biomedical sector due to their low cost and non-invasive features. Such interfaces have become viable to control systems utilizing user created neural impulses. Nevertheless, EEG signals are easily susceptible to noise contamination from ocular and muscular movements. Extensive contamination within the signal could lead to mis-classifications and compromise user's safety. The independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm has been used to successfully extract noise contamination. However, it requires prior knowledge and experience regarding visual characteristics of the noise signals to effectively extract them. In this paper, a novel autonomous noise extraction approach is presented that uses both constant and variable threshold parameters to identify and extract noise features from EEG signals acquired using ICA. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to validate the effectiveness of filtering techniques. The EEG Motor Movement/Imagery dataset, available on PhysioNet, was used to in this study. Six imagery tasks were divided into two sets for 30 subjects and classified using the ANN. An average classification accuracy of 92.11% and 91.99% was achieved for Set 1 and Set 2 using the proposed autonomous extraction techniques. Overall, the accuracies were improved by an average of 0.81% and 0.75% among both sets for all the subjects.
POEM for Chagas Disease-Induced Achalasia

Chagas disease is a relatively uncommon but fascinating cause of esophageal dysmotility. While the GI manifestations of Chagas have been studied for many years, there is relatively little data available to guide the use of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) in this disease. In this chapter, the pathophysiology and treatment of Chagas are reviewed. Technical considerations regarding the surgical management of Chagas-related esophageal disease, including the potential role of POEM, are described.
Jack Drake's Question: What Makes a Great Executive Education Instructor?

The faculty leader for the custom executive education (EE) program at a business school has received an e-mail from a program client asking him to remove a member of the program's teaching team. It causes him to reflect on the distinctive differences between EE teaching and MBA teaching and the need to codify those differences in developing highly effective and successful EE instructors. Excerpt UVA-PHA-0071 Rev. Nov. 27, 2012 JACK DRAKE'S QUESTION: WHAT MAKES A GREAT EXECUTIVE EDUCATION INSTRUCTOR? At a Faculty Lunch Table “Has anyone ever gotten an e-mail from an executive education (EE) custom program client like the one I got today asking me to remove Mike Bates from the program's teaching team?” asked Jack Drake, a senior faculty member at the business school. Drake also served as the faculty leader for the custom EE program the school had designed the year before and was now delivering twice a year for Reliant Transport Services Company (RTS), a major transportation logistics company. Just before lunch, he had received an e-mail from the chief HR officer (CHRO) of that company. . . .
How did you hear the news? The role of traditional media, social media, and personal communication in flashbulb memory

Flashbulb memories are at the intersection of public and private event memory. We investigated whether the source of news (traditional media, social media, or another person) shaped how people reme...
Conclusion: Commonalities and Differences in Life Histories

Because the life history of every species is at some level distinctive, the difficult task in attempting to forge a synthesis is finding meaningful commonalities. On one hand, if important differences are overlooked the analogies are false and misleading. Indeed, this must happen frequently because what is truly ecologically important may become known only in hindsight. Francis Crick has said, “There isn’t such a thing as a hard fact when you’re trying to discover something. It’s only afterwards that the facts become hard” (Judson 1979, p.114). A good case in point is Hutchinson’s (1959) famous observation that average individuals from geographically overlapping (sympatric), congeneric species showed regular differences in various morphological features such as length of proboscis in bumblebees or length of skull in squirrels (the so-called Hutchinson ‘ratio’ or ‘rule’). The ratio was about 2.0 for weight differences; the corresponding ratio for length, which varies as the cube root of weight, is about 1.3. In an era when the role of competition as a force shaping com­munities was in its ascendancy, these ratios were frequently seized on “as prima facie evidence that communities were organized according to the prin­ciples of limiting similarity” (Eadie et al. 1987). Horn and May (1977) showed subsequently, however, that the ‘rule’ also applied to such inanimate objects as an ensemble of musical instruments and the wheel size of children’s bi­cycles or tricycles. The ratios are now generally regarded as being artifactual (Roth 1981; Eadie et al. 1987).