cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1368: L-5F, an ApoA-I mimetic peptide, inhibits tumor angiogenesis by suppressing VEGF/bFGF signaling pathways

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Objective We recently demonstrated that overexpression of ApoA-I inhibits tumor growth and improves survival in mice. In the present study we examined whether apoA-I mimetic peptide, L-5F reduces tumor development in mice by inhibiting angiogenesis. Methods Flank tumors were generated in immunocompetent C57BL6/J mice as described previously (Zhang L, et al. 2002) by injecting ID8 cells, a mouse ovarian cancer cell line. L-5F was injected s.c. once a day for 5 weeks (10 mg/kg). 3D vessel images of tumor tissues were created using a micro-CT scanner from Numira Biosciences. The effects of L-5F in vitro were studied in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) following VEGF and bFGF treatment. MTS assay, BrdU cell proliferation assay, wound-healing assay, and trans-well assay were used to determine cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of HUVEC, respectively. Activation of Erk and Akt pathways were analyzed using western blots. Results Daily s.c. injection of L-5F significantly reduced tumor size and quantity and size of vessels of flank tumors in C57BL6/J mice, compared to mice that did not receive L-5F peptide. L-5F (10 µg/ml) significantly inhibited both VEGF- and bFGF-induced cell viability (∼46% for VEGF and ∼56% for bFGF), proliferation (∼50% for VEGF and ∼70% for bFGF), migration (∼80% for VEGF and ∼77% for bFGF), and invasion (∼65% for VEGF and ∼44% for bFGF) in HUVECs. L-5F mediated effects were dose-dependent between 1 and 10 µg/ml including the inhibition VEGF and bFGF-induced phosphorylation of Erk and Akt. L-5F did not affect the viability and proliferation of HUVECs in the basal state (i.e. absence of VEGF and bFGF treatments). Conclusion Our data suggest that apoA-I mimetic peptide, L-5F inhibits tumor development in mice, in part, by inhibiting angiogenesis. ApoA-I mimetic peptides may serve as novel anti-angiogenesis and anticancer therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1368.
Identification of A-type allatostatins possessing −YXFGI/Vamide carboxy-termini from the nervous system of the copepod crustacean Calanus finmarchicus

The copepod crustacean Calanus finmarchicus plays a critical role in the ecology of the Gulf of Maine and other regions of the North Atlantic. To increase our understanding of the physiology of this species, a normalized, whole organism cDNA library was constructed, and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the clones were generated. Among these ESTs was one with homology to known cDNAs encoding prepro-A-type allatostatins (A-type ASTs), a well-known family of arthropod peptides that regulate juvenile hormone production in insects. Sequence analysis of the clone from which the EST was generated, with subsequent translation of its open reading frame, showed it to encode five novel A-type ASTs, whose mature structures were predicted to be APYGFGIamide, pE/EPYGFGIamide, ALYGFGIamide, pE/EPYNFGIamide, and pQ/QPYNFGVamide. Each of the peptides is present as a single copy within the prepro-hormone with the exception of APYGFGIamide, which is present in three copies. Surprisingly, the organization of the Calanus prepro-A-type AST, specifically the number of encoded A-type peptides, is more similar to those of insects than it is to the known decapod crustacean prepro-hormones. Moreover, the Calanus A-type ASTs possess isoleucine or valine residues at their carboxy (C)-termini rather than leucine, which is present in most other family members. Wholemount immunohistochemistry suggests that six pairs of somata produce the native Calanus A-type ASTs: five in the protocerebrum and one in the suboesophageal region. To the best of our knowledge, our report is the first characterization of a neuropeptidergic system in a copepod, the first identification of A-type ASTs from a non-decapod crustacean, the first report of crustacean A-type ASTs possessing isoleucine C-terminal residues, and the first report from any species of an A-type peptide possessing a valine C-terminal residue.
Mitochondrial component of the phosphorylcreatine shuttle is enhanced during rat heart perinatal development

Aerobic metabolism is enhanced during perinatal heart development in parallel with increased cardiac function. The mitochondrial component of the phosphorylcreatine shuttle is important in providing energy for contraction and was examined in weanling and adult rat left ventricle. Creatine kinase activity was enhanced in tissue homogenate and purified cardiac myocytes of adults. Mitochondrial analyses attribute this enhancement to increased creatine kinase activity per milligram mitochondrial protein. Other enzymatic markers of mitochondrial function are not enhanced in activity during perinatal heart growth. The unique response of creatine kinase points to the shuttle mechanism and of mitochondrial creatine kinase, in particular, as a major contributor to heart functional regulation.
Chylous Effusion Complicating Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

We present a case of chylous effusion (CE) occurring in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), an observation which has rarely been reported. Therefore, CLL should be added to the differential diagnosis of nontraumatic chylothorax. CE in CLL can be successfully managed by irradiation of the mediastinum.
Using an airplane for an ox cart: A perspective on interdisciplinary research

Dahlberg, Kenneth A., and John W. Bennett., eds. Natural Resources and People: Conceptual Issues in Interdisciplinary Research. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1986. vii + 394 pp. including chapter references and index. $32.50 paper. Holmes, Roland C. Irrigation in Southern Peru: The Chili Basin. Chicago: University of Chicago Department of Geography, 1986. iii + 199 pp. including tables, photographs, postscript and bibliography. $10.00 paper. Komoguchi, Yoshimi. Agricultural Systems in Tamil Nadu. Chicago: University of Chicago Department of Geography, 1986. vii + 175 pp. including tables, figures and bibliography. $10.00 paper.
Extended reference method for cross-talk noise reduction in photorefractive holographic data storage

For reducing the cross-talk noise and improving the storage capacity in angle-multiplexed volume holographic memories, a novel recording method is proposed. The technique employs a recording reference extending uniformly within a narrow spatial frequency bandwidth and reads the memory with a plane wave. Comparing to the conventional recording method with planar reference waves, the analytical results show that the signal-to-noise ratio obtained by using the extended reference method is about 20 dB higher. Moreover, a statistical analysis of the interpixel cross-talk noise is presented and the noise-to-signal ratio is given in a closed-form for both point reference method and extended reference method. Considering both interpage and interpixel cross-talk limited storage density. The results show that the proposed extended reference method achieves about 10 times larger storage density than the point reference method.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Immediate quantitation of antiarrhythmic drug effect by monophasic action potential recording in coronary artery disease.

Abstract A contact electrode catheter, which permits clinical recording of cardiac monophasic action potentials (MAPs), was used as a means of quantifying the electrophysiologfc effect of 2 antiarrhythmic drugs, procainamide and quinidine. MAP recordings were made in continuous fashion from the right ventricle in 16 patients, before and after the intravenous administration of procainamide (11 patients) or quinidine (5). Increases in the MAP duration at 90% repolarization (MAPD90) were used as indexes of drug effect and related to plasma drug level. Surface electrocardiographic (QRS duration, corrected QT interval [QTC) and electrophysiologic (ventricular effective refractory period) measurements, in addition to MAPD90, were made at the same time as blood sampling for plasma drug level determination. Dose response curves, plotting change in MAPD90 versus plasma drug level, showed strong linear correlation for both procainamide (p
Organic geochemical analysis of sedimentary organic matter associated with uranium

Abstract Samples of sedimentary organic matter from several geologic environments and ages which are enriched in uranium (56 ppm to 12%) have been characterized. The three analytical techniqyes used to study the samples were Rock-Eval pyrolysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In samples with low uranium content, the pyrolysis-gas chromatography products contain oxygenated functional groups (as hydroxyl) and molecules with both aliphatic and aromatic carbon atoms. These samples with low uranium content give measurable Rock-Eval hydrocarbon and organic-CO 2 yields, and C-13 NMR values of > 30% aliphatic carbon. In contrast, uranium-rich samples have few hydrocarbon pyrolysis products, increased Rock-Eval organic-CO 2 contents and > 70% aromatic carbon contents from C-13 NMR. The increase in aromaticity and decrease in hydrocarbon pyrolysis yield are related to the amount of uranium and the age of the uranium minerals, which correspond to the degree of radiation damage. The three analytical techniques give complementary results. Increase in Rock-Eval organic-CO 2 yield correlates with uranium content for samples from the Grants uranium region. Calculations show that the amount of organic-CO 2 corresponds to the quantity of uranium chemically reduced by the organic matter for the Grants uranium region samples.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Comorbid Substance Abuse and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Study

Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse are commonly co-occuring conditions, it is generally recommended that an individual must first receive successful substance abuse treatment before posttraumatic symptoms can be addressed. Given the high comorbidity of these conditions, however, it would be helpful if more broadly focused therapies were available that simultaneously targeted common functional processes underlying the multiple problems of the dually diagnosed. Both PTSD and substance abuse can be conceptualized as disorders with significant experiential avoidance components. One treatment that has been specifically developed for the treatment of experiential avoidance is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). In this case study, application of ACT for an individual with comorbid PTSD and substance abuse is described, and its effects are examined.
Relative susceptibility of selected apple cultivars to cedar apple rust and quince rust.

Incidences of cedar apple rust and quince rust, caused by Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae and G. clavipes, were collected over several years from 1995 (23 entries) and 1999 (22 entries) planting groups of new apple cultivars and selections established at multiple locations. Cultivar Golden Delicious was the standard. Incidence of cedar apple rust on leaves and fruit and quince rust on fruit were analyzed. Only two analyses had significant cultivar × location interactions, suggesting differences within the cedar apple rust fungus. Cedar apple rust on fruit did not vary by location. Incidence of quince rust on fruit varied among cultivars by location. Incidences of cedar apple rust and quince rust on fruit were not related.
Method for the simultaneous acquisition of optical absorption and sonic attenuation with photoacoustic ultrasound

In this work, we present a novel method for the simultaneous acquisition of ultrasonic attenuation and optical absorption using photoacoustically-generated ultrasound. We discuss the theory behind the technique and apply the method to measurements in mammalian tissue samples. We show that the frequency dependence of ultrasonic attenuation measured with this technique is consistent with conventionally determined values and thus holds promise for future work.
Current technological status of spatial filtering method for soft defect detection

Laser-based mask inspection systems are indispensable to attaining better yield, in both the semiconductor manufacturing process and the mask manufacturing process, because of their high throughput. We describe this issue citing the operational principle of our AM-601D (A reticle particle inspection system that we manufacture, rated sensitivity: 0.5 micron), which is based on a spatial filtering method with a raster scanning of a focused laser beam.
Combustion Instabilities and Control of a Multiswirl Atmospheric Combustor

Thermo-acoustic instability and lean blowout (LBO) are investigated experimentally in an atmospheric swirling combustor. Possible factors affecting combustion instability are identified. With less than 1.0% of the combustion air, monochromatic or continuous air forcing of the swirling shear layer and fuel line, can reduce pressure oscillation amplitude by up to 90% to 98.5%; Phase-shift air forcing of the flame can reduce pressure oscillation amplitude by 78%. When pressure pulsations are attenuated, simultaneous reduction of NOx is observed and the flat flame front changes into a conical shape. For LBO, with decreasing equivalence ratio, relatively intense oscillations emerge from smooth turbulent combustions, followed by a more stable and quieter state before blowout. The regions of intense heat release oscillations overlap those of high mean heat release. Depending on the swirling flow field, lifted flame or anchored flame is observed for LBO. LBO limit extends at higher air flow rate. A dump swirler with a lower velocity region near the dump plane substantially extends the LBO limit by 42.8%. High frequency air forcing of the fuel line helps maintaining stable combustion near LBO.
Cellular localization and concentration of bone cyclic nucleotides in response to acute PTE administration

The cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP concentrations of alveolar bone of control and PTE-treated cats were measured by chemical and immunohistochemical methods. In the PTE-treated animals, alveolar bone osteoblasts stained intensely for cAMP, but very weakly for cGMP; the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells stained for cAMP similarly to the controls, but some PDL cells stained more intensely for cGMP than their controls; osteocytes stained for cAMP with greater intensity than in the controls; osteoclasts stained intensely for both cyclic nucleotides. We found that bone samples taken from animals 20 and 60 min after administration of PTE contained twice the amount of cAMP, and almost three times the amount of cGMP observed in the controls. These results indicate that the cellular source of bone cyclic nucleotides in PTE-treated animals varies as to cell type, and therefore in bone and PDL the functions mediated by cAMP are not necessarily antagonistic to those mediated by cGMP.
Solving kinetic inversion problems via a physically bounded Gauss - Newton (PGN) method

An iterative physically bounded Gauss−Newton (PGN) method has been formulated to estimate unknown kinetic parameters from experimental measurements. A physically bounded approach is adopted to reduce the size of the search space and ensure search within physically meaningful ranges of kinetic rates. First-order sensitivity information of state variables, with respect to unknown rate parameters, is computed simultaneously with the integration of the governing ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Optimal kinetic parameters are obtained by iteratively solving the Gauss−Newton update equations within the physical parameter range. Four different reaction systems, including both simple and complex networks, have been utilized for validating the performance of the proposed method. Comparisons with other state-of-the-art algorithms showed its efficiency, robustness, and accuracy. The methodology was also applied to analyze ethane oxidation based on the widely cited GRI-Mech 3.0 mechanism to demonstrate the alg...
Tidal controls on the formation of fine-scale sedimentary strata near the Amazon river mouth

Abstract The Amazon river mouth provides a dynamic setting for studying the formation of sedimentary strata under conditions where fluvial and marine processes merge. River-mouth anchor stations were occupied for diurnal tidal cycles during three stages of river flow, and reoccupied for consecutive spring and neap tides during two stages of river flow. At each anchor station, box cores were collected every two hours and complementary time-series measurements were made of water-column suspended-sediment concentrations, salinity, and current velocities. During high-energy periods in the fortnightly cycle (i.e. most spring tides), a cross-laminated sand layer is present at the seabed surface that exhibits varying degrees of bi-directional current structure and contains low porewater salinities (10–15‰). During low-energy periods in the fortnightly cycle (i.e., most neap tides), a mud bed forms at the seabed surface in association with fluid muds in the water column. This mud layer ranges in thickness from 2 to 15 cm, and exhibits higher radionuclide activities, higher porewater salinities (15–25‰), and lower saturated bulk densities (1.18–1.30 g/cm3) than the sand beds (1.30–1.60 g/cm3). The mud beds are subject to resuspension and deposition by semidiurnal tidal currents that form thin sandy interlaminations. Interlamination and interbedding of sand and mud result from the combination of estuarine and tidal processes at the river mouth. Interlaminations (alternating layers of sand and mud 1 cm in thickness) muds and sands. The thickness of the fortnightly beds is dependent upon monthly variations in spring/neap amplitudes. The processes active near the Amazon river mouth that form interlaminated and interbedded sediments operate in other fluvial-marine settings, and produce similar types of interlayered sediments due to the presence of estuarine circulation, high suspended-sediment concentrations, and tidal energy.
Vacuum-ultraviolet series of Mg I and Mg II

Ten members of the principal series of Mg i (3s2 1S0–3snp1P1°, n = 3–n = 12) have been observed and measured in emission. This is the first observation in emission for the members (n = 5–n = 12) in the vuv. The present observations are compared with the predicted values and with measurements in absorption. A quantum-defect plot is presented. The wavelengths of 34 Mg ii lines have been measured in the spectral range from 946 to 2937 A. These Mg ii lines belong to the principal series (3s2S–np2P°), the diffuse series (3p2P°–nd2D), and the sharp series (3p2P°–ns2S). Nineteen of the Mg ii lines reported in the vuv have not been measured previously.
Congenital heart disease in adults: echocardiographic evaluation of left and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction

Abstract Ventricular outflow tract obstruction commonly occurs as part of complex congenital heart disease syndromes. Outflow tract obstructions of congenital origin are often first diagnosed by echocardiography in adulthood, among patients with no evidence of congenital heart disease in childhood. Such outflow tract obstructions may be of either ventricle, at the valvular, subvalvular, or supravalvular level, and either fixed or dynamic in nature. Echocardiography facilitates both early detection and long term follow-up of these cardiac abnormalities. Advances in echocardiography, such as M-mode echo in the 1970s, 2D echo and color Doppler echo in the 1980s, and transesophageal echocardiography in the past two decades, have made the diagnosis of outflow tract obstruction almost entirely a noninvasive endeavor. Transesophageal echocardiography also has an important role in the operating room when intracardiac tissue is being removed to relieve obstruction. This article describes the pathophysiology of several conditions causing left or right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, with special emphasis on key echo points critical to correct diagnosis and treatment.
Comparisons of reaction time patterns in a sequential visual recognition task with simple geometric forms

Right isosceles triangles, which differed in size and orientation, were presented in a sequential visual recognition task. Subjects produced an identity match response if the first self-presented stimulus, now in memory, was identical to a sequentially presented stimulus and a nonidentity match response if the subsequently presented stimulus differed in either or both size and orientation. The pattern of nonidentity recognition reaction times produced was compared to predicted patterns deduced from several theories of form information processing. The pattern of responses for both group and individual data were better described by serial and parallel self-terminating models with probabilistic assumptions than they were by template or deterministic serial or parallel models. A second study, in which identity and nonidentity response bias was equated, found that the identity responses were significantly faster than nonidentity responses, supporting wholistic processing for the identity matches and, when combined with the nonidentity match results, supporting a dual process theory.
Slowing of synapse elimination by α-bungarotoxin superfusion of the neonatal rabbit soleus muscle

To examine the role of postsynaptic activity in regulating the rate of neuromuscular synapse elimination, contractile activity of neonatal rabbit soleus muscles was decreased by chronic superfusion of alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT) over their surfaces. Superfusion was begun at 6 days postnatal and continued for a variable duration (2 to 5 days) before muscles were analyzed. The percentage of polyinnervated fibers was assessed both physiologically and anatomically for alpha-BGT-treated muscles and their contralateral muscles, in addition to normal and control muscles of the same age. Within muscles exposed to alpha-BGT, polyinnervation was significantly greater than that for muscles from each of the control groups. The anatomical assay further revealed that the retention of polyinnervation in alpha-BGT-treated muscles was most pronounced near the muscle's surface, although end plates at the center were also affected. This finding, coupled with evidence that only a small percentage of the muscle fibers were completely inactivated, suggests that the activity block was also most pronounced near the surface and relatively low at the muscle's center. The percentage of end plates at which synapse elimination was delayed was greater than the estimated percentage whose activity was completely blocked, suggesting that synapse loss was slowed even in muscle fibers retaining some postsynaptic activity. These observations indicate that the rate of synapse elimination depends on the levels of functional acetylcholine receptors. This process could be mediated in a graded fashion by changes in postsynaptic activity (subthreshold or suprathreshold) or by a nonelectrical effect of blocking postsynaptic receptors.
INTERACTION OF A GROUP OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT ORGANIC ACIDS WITH INSOLUBLE POLYAMIDES. I. SORPTION AND DIFFUSION OF FORMIC, ACETIC, PROPIONIC, AND BUTYRIC ACIDS INTO NYLON 66.

Insoluble polyamides are being used more in pharmacy and medicine as containers and parts of devices for the storage and administration of drugs and drug-like compounds. In previous reports, results have been presented which indicate that nylon will attract and sorb solute molecules which have acidic functional groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sorption of formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids by nylon 66 at a number of temperatures and concentrations. Equilibrium sorption isotherms were prepared from the data to evaluate the degree of sorption. Apparent diffusion coefficients of each of the acids were evaluated by kinetic sorption studies; these values were compared to results obtained by the use of diffusion cells. Results of these experiments revealed that the affinity of the aliphatic acids for the nylon discussed here were less than those having higher molecular weights and/or those weak organic acids having a phenyl group.
China’s Harmonious World: Beyond Cultural Interpretations

A culture “specter” is haunting the ongoing discourse regarding China’s declared policy of “peaceful rise” for a “harmonious world.” While some Western scholars “cherry-pick” “evidence” of China’s aggressiveness from Confucius legacies, the same cultural heritage is heavily tapped by many Chinese scholars to interpret the current policy of striving for internal and external harmony. Both seem to ignore, though to different degrees, the historically specific political environment, within which the cultural elements function and interact with other socio-political variables. China’s current pursuit of harmony is possible and desirable only at a time when China is able to achieve sustained sociopolitical stability (30 years) in the past 160 years and after its protracted encounter and experiment with Western liberalism, Marxism and capitalism. Although it has not explicitly rejected any of these Western ideologies, China has tested the limits of all of them—hence China’s search for its own identity and policy alternatives at the onset of the new millennium. It is toward a more historical and holistic explanation that this paper constructs the political space and historical trajectory of China’s search for modernity and for itself in the past two centuries and into the future.
Acquisition and extinction of conditioned suppression under two training procedures

Abstract Eight male albino rats acquired conditioned suppression under either predictable ( Estes & Skinner, 1941 ) or random ( Rescorla, 1968 ) procedures. The random procedure led to more generalized suppression (non-CS suppression) and greater resistance to extinction. In addition, the pattern of responding during the CS differed: the predictable group produced negatively accelerated cumulative records during early extinction trials; the random group produced positively accelerated cumulative records.
Hepatic venous blood and the development of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in congenital heart disease

Background Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are a known complication after some types of cavopulmonary anastomoses (CVPAs). Their cause is unknown, but they may be related to the absence of pulsatile flow or the presence or absence of circulating factors. These PAVMs are diffuse and are presumed to be progressive and irreversible. Methods and Results All patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) seen at Children’s Hospital, Boston, Mass, between 1970 and 1993 were reviewed. We report on the 10 patients with CHD who were found to have developed PAVMs, as diagnosed by cardiac catheterization. Diagnoses included heterotaxy syndrome/polysplenia, with interrupted inferior vena cava and hepatic veins draining to the right atrium (n=6); heterotaxy/asplenia (n=1); corrected transposition with pulmonary stenosis (n=1); and biliary atresia and associated CHD (n=2). PAVMs were diagnosed 0.1 to 7.0 years (median, 3.5 years) after creation of a CVPA that resulted in exclusion of hepatic venous flow fro...
Activation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways and induction of apoptosis by chelerythrine do not require inhibition of protein kinase C.

Chelerythrine, a natural benzophenanthridine alkaloid, has been reported to mediate a variety of biological activities, including inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC). Here we report that chelerythrine induced time- and dose-dependent activation of JNK1 and p38 in HeLa cells, which was mediated the upstream kinases, MEKK1 and MKK4. However, treatment with two other potent and selective PKC inhibitors, GF-109203X and Go6983, or down-regulation of PKC activity by prolonged treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate had no effect on JNK1 and p38 activities. Furthermore, under the conditions where JNK1 and p38 were activated, we did not observe any significant inhibitory effect of chelerythrine on the activities of PKC isozymes present in HeLa cells. Interestingly, pretreatment with the antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, dithiothreitol, and glutathione, impaired chelerythrine-induced JNK1 and p38 activation. In addition, chelerythrine induced apoptosis that was blocked by the antioxidants and the dominant-negative mutants of MEKK1, MKK4, JNK1, and p38. Together, these results uncover a novel biochemical property of chelerythrine, i.e. activation of MEKK1- and MKK4-dependent JNK1 and p38 pathways through an oxidative stress mechanism, which mediate the induction of apoptosis, but are independent of PKC inhibition.
Effects of Aquatic Macrophytes on Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Two Florida Lakes

Abstract Greater numbers of invertebrate taxa were collected in vegetated than open water (unvegetated) communities in two Florida lakes. Differences in macroinvertebrate density and biomass were found among communities and sampling periods for most prevalent taxa in both lakes. In Henderson Lake, density of benthos was highest in the open water community due to the abundance of Chaoborus, and biomass of benthos was highest in the Panicum and open water communities due to the abundance of molluscs. In Orange Lake, density and biomass of benthos were higher in the vegetated than in the open water communities. Bottom substrate was an important determinant of benthic invertebrate abundance; density and biomass of benthos were greater in communities with firm substrata than in communities with soft organic substrata. When communities with similar substrata were compared, benthic invertebrates were more abundant in vegetated than in open water communities.
Viral RNA synthesis in measles virus-infected cells.

Abstract Sedimentation analysis of measles virus-specific cytoplasmic RNA at different times after infection revealed several size classes. The three specific components found in greatest amount were estimated to have sedimentation coefficients of 20 S, 27 S, and 35 S. A fourth component, 52 S, sedimented with characteristics of viral RNA. 20 S RNA appeared later than the other size classes, and accounted for an increasingly greater proportion of the total. However, with a temperature-sensitive mutant synthesis of all three major components was turned off simultaneously by transfer of infected cultures from permissive to nonpermissive temperature. Subgenomic-size RNA was found in virion preparations made by undiluted passage, but not after serial passage of diluted inoculum.
Polarization Studies with Radiation Doped Ammonia at 5 T and 1 K

The polarization properties of radiation doped ammonia have been studied in a 4He evaporation refrigerator operating at a temperature of 1 K in a magnetic field of 5 T. The effects of an intense proton beam on these properties were also studied.
Passive Transparency Compensation for Bilateral Teleoperators with Communication Delays

One of the main challenges in the realization of time-delayed bilateral teleoperators is the stable adaptation of transparency when the remote environmental dynamics are time-varying. In this paper, we propose a bilateral control strategy that passively adjusts the transparency of the system when the slave robot transitions between two different environments. The proposed controller exploits the effect that the wave impedance (a design parameter of the passivity-based scattering transformation) has on transparency without comprising closed-loop stability, regardless of time-varying communication delays. To properly adjust transparency, the control scheme smoothly switches the wave impedance parameter between a low value, ideal for free motion, and a sufficiently large value, suited for hard-contact tasks. We show that, by adopting this strategy, the transmitted impedance to the operator approximates more closely the environmental impedance value. Furthermore, we theoretically prove master-slave position coordination and force tracking under different scenarios. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Total Quality Management in Management Development

In order to be competitive companies must provide customers with quality products and services in a fast, responsive manner. Innovative, customer‐driven organizations are more likely to succeed. Total quality management (TQM) is a management approach which requires innovation, employee participation, and rapid response to meet the changing needs of the customer. The establishment of the Malcolm Baldrige National Award in 1987 and Deming′s management philosophy have both contributed significantly to organizations′ awareness of the use of TQM as a key element in strategic planning for competitivemess in the current global environment. Discusses the Malcolm Baldrige Award criteria and the tools which management must employ in order to implement TQM.
Sectoral effects on strategic alliance performance for new technology firms

Abstract The Strategic Alliance (SA) option has been described as achieving uneven success rates relative to the New Technology Firm (NTF). This study begins an overall research stream of determining the influence sectoral considerations have on this strategic option. The focus of this study involves the sectoral distinction, technology maturity. The computer software and biotechnology industries serve as proxies for high and low sectors respectively. Results indicate that the successful computer software NTFs are less likely to participate in R&D SAs and SAs in general, while no significant differences were detected between the two industries relative to Sales/Marketing SAs.
Science Signaling Podcast: 6 May 2014

This Podcast features an interview with Chunling Yi, senior author of a Research Article that appears in the 6 May 2014 issue of Science Signaling , about a transcription factor that is required for the progression of pancreatic metaplasia to invasive adenocarcinoma. KRAS is a small guanosine triphosphatase that mediates signaling through several different pathways that control cell growth and death. Mutations that render KRAS overactive or constitutively active are associated with various types of cancer, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Zhang et al . report that KRAS-dependent progression of PDAC requires the transcription factor Yap.
Alteration of the Aurophilic Interactions in Trimeric Gold(I) Compounds through Charge Transfer. Behavior of Solvoluminescent Au3(MeNCOMe)3 in the Presence of Electron Acceptors

The ability of the triangular gold(I) complex, Au3(MeNCOMe)3, which as a solid displays the novel property of solvoluminescence (see: Vickery, J. C.; Olmstead, M. M.; Fung, E. Y.; Balch, A. L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 1179) to function as an electron donor has been demonstrated through spectroscopic studies and isolation of crystalline adducts with organic acceptor molecules. Four such adducts with nitro-9-fluorenones have been isolated and subject to single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. These are deep yellow {Au3(MeNCOMe)3}·{2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone}, red {Au3(MeNCOMe)3}·{2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone}, red {Au3(MeNCOEt)3}2·{2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone}, and red {Au3(MeNCOEt)3}2·{2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone}. The solid-state structures of {Au3(MeNCOMe)3}·{2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone} and {Au3(MeNCOMe)3}·{2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone} consist of columns in which the planar gold(I) trimers and the nearly planar nitro-9-fluorenones are interleaved with the gold trimers making face-to-...
Teaching about combinations without permutations

In an elementary statistics course, the topic of combinations may be desired for computing the binomial probabilities, but the topic of permutations may be unnecessary. It is possible to explain combinations thoroughly without discussing permutations. The formula for the binomial coefficient is proved for successively larger samples by augmenting the samples of a given size, using the induction principle. For small sample sizes, it is easy to avoid mentioning factorials.
Psychological aspects of mutilating hand injuries.

In this article we review and discuss the various psychological and social issues that affect the recovery and outcome of a mutilating hand injury. We specifically address the psychological importance of the hand, injury-related issues that effect adjustment, psychological and emotional reactions to injury, and strategies to promote positive adaptation. We conclude with a section on special issues in the management of mutilating hand injuries including pain, treating the pediatric patient, and replantation issues. A biopsy-chosocial perspective is emphasized throughout.
On Bilateral Effort Contribution to IT Outsourcing

The success of an IT outsourcing project depends crucially on the close collaboration between both the outsourcing organization and the service provider. In this paper, we present a model to study the effort contribution from the two parties during the IT outsourcing process. The model incorporates two important and commonly observed features: 1) the true quality of the delivered project is unobservable, and 2) the outsourcing organization tends to downplay the quality of the project upon its delivery. The model is solved as a four-stage dynamic bilateral effort contribution game, and the results shed more lights on the interactions and dynamics between various parties during the IT outsourcing process.
Distribution of ocular dominance and effect of image clarity

The purposes of this study were to determine if ocular dominance could be measured and defined in a quantitative and continuous manner, rather than dichotomously, and whether such a measure could be related to image sharpness, or acuity. Ocular dominance .w, as assessed on a dichoptic, but nonrivalry, task for 56 Ss, who were then assigned to groups according to their degree of dominance. Four positive spherical lenses (+0.75, +1.25, +1.75, +2.25) were used to induce differing amounts of refractive error in one eye. Primary results indicate that (1) dominance, as measured, is a continuous function which is normally distributed in the general population, (2) blurring the image in the dominant eye reduces the degree of dominance, and (3) bluring, the image to a nonpreferred eye increases the amount of dominance in the other eye.
Preliminary investigation of the relationship between dimensional change in fresh paste to shrinkage and strength of hardened mortar

Abstract Results of tests with a number of cements manufactured at the same cement plant showed that shrinkages of portland cement mortars cured at 100% R.H. for four days and then exposed to a 50% relative humidity for three days were related to expansions of fresh pastes measured during the first six hours after gaging. There is some evidence that one day strength of mortars may also be related to the degree of fresh paste expansion.
Pyrimidines. XXI. 1‐(Tetrahydro‐2‐furyl)pyrimidines

A number of 1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)uracils, cytosines and related compounds were synthesized by a modified Hilbert-Johnson method from 2-chlorotetrahydrofuran and the corresponding 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidines. The relative stability in acid of tetrahydrofuryl and tetrahydropyranyl moieties in compounds of this type was discussed. 2-Oxo-4-methoxy-1,2-dihydropyrimidine, a compound which has been erroneously reported, has now been prepared and its structure confirmed by conversion into cytosine.
Oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea

PIP: I read with great interest Finberg's recommendations regarding oral rehydrating solutions for use in the U.S. Being unable to obtain a suitable commercial solution and unwilling to wait the hours required for preparation of a prescribed solution by the pharmacy, I have since 1973 used the following formula consisting of .95% NaC1, 5% glucose, KC1 injection, and 8.4% NaHCO3 (seen in tabular form) to mix an (OR) oral rehydrating solution from solutions readily available in emergency rooms and hospital wards. This mixture was designed to resemble the ORS described by Hirshhorn et al; the Na/glucose ratio was selected to utilize effectively the glucose-coupled transport of sodium. This ORS has been used successfully for the initial therapy of selected infants and children with mild-to-moderate dehydration. It was supplemented with breastmilk or clear liquid in the later phases of therapy. Because of the novel route of therapy, the patients receiving this ORS were monitored with respect to physical findings, fluid balance, and serum electrolytes even more carefully than intravenously treated patients. Hypernatremia resulting from its supervised use in our emergency or pediatric wards has not occurred. Most of the infants and children who received this ORS would have been treated intravenously before 1973. Mixing this solution took no more time than starting an IV, the absence of which was appreciated by patients, parents, and ward staff. Until industry does provide an oral solution more suitable for initial rehydration, others may wish to utilize this mixture in selected patients who are monitored carefully.
Measuring word learning: dynamic versus static assessment of kindergarten vocabulary

Abstract This preliminary study investigated the potential of using a dynamic approach to assessing expressive word mapping. Because measuring word mapping with productive language responses is much more difficult than measuring receptive word mapping, incorporating a dynamic measure allowed us to tap partial mapping and provided useful information on word learning. Participants were 24 typically developing African American children, from high-risk backgrounds and low-risk backgrounds, as determined by school and family demographics. Performance was compared on the PPVT-III and on the dynamic assessment of word mapping. The dynamic assessment of word mapping provided information about complete and partial mapping of words. Additionally, there was an interaction between risk and performance on the vocabulary and word learning measures. These data suggest that the use of the dynamic measure in conjunction with traditional vocabulary measures may have the potential to provide an estimate of word-learning ability. Learning outcomes: Readers will (1) be able to identify the need for word-learning measures and (2) become familiar with the combined technique of using dynamic assessment and fast mapping.
Defective induction of T-cell help and natural killing following anti-CD3 stimulation of autoimmune lymphocytes.

Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) stimulates T cells in normal peripheral blood to proliferate and develop cytotoxic activity against NK-sensitive tumor cell lines. We now find that anti-CD3 MoAb also generates cytotoxic activity against a cell line (MEL-21) resistant to classical NK cell killing. After activation in vitro with anti-CD3 MoAb for 18 h, normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) develop more HLA-DR-positive helper than suppressor T cells, manifest a functional helper effect as measured by increased IgG synthesis (P < 0.01), as well as kill MEL-21 target cells. PBMNC from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients respond normally but mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid (RASF) respond poorly. PBMNC from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients also respond poorly to anti-CD3 stimulation. Thus, the ability of anti-CD3 to stimulate IgG production and generate enhanced natural cytolytic activity are defective in both RASF and SLE lymphocytes.
Chromatographic separation of oligosaccharides from mannosidosis urine

A mixture of oligosaccharides was isolated from mannosidosis urine by a rapid and convenient procedure employing adsorption on activated charcoal. The mixture was partially fractionated into a homologous series of compounds by a rapid procedure employing a preparative, liquid chromatograph, and a more complete separation was obtained by a second chromatographic step employing a solid phase having more-powerful resolving properties, or by preparative-layer chromatography. The series of oligosaccharides was completely separated by 7-MPa, liquid chromatography (l.c.) on a Micropak NH2-10 column; the analysis could be performed with isocratic or gradient solvent-systems, and did not involve derivatization. With the isocratic system, a strict relationship was observed between retention time and the number of D-mannosyl residues. The use of 1,4-diaminobutane as a column "restorer" was evaluated.
Effects of metastatic and non-metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma on tissue distribution of gallium-67 in the rat.

The purpose this work was to study the effect of metastatic and non-metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma on tissue distribution of gallium-67 (67Ga) citrate in Fischer-344 female rats by the use of gamma counting techniques. The homogenate (0.1 mm) of a sample of metastatic and non-metastatic tumor was implanted by subcutaneous injection in the right footpad of each animal's hind extremity. The animals bearing metastatic tumor were studied 2–24 days and the non-metastatic group 2–30 days after the implantation of tumor homogenate. The control group consisted of four animals and tumor-bearing groups of seven to eight animals at each time point. All animals were injected with 1.11 MBq of67Ga citrate by intravenous administration and sacrificed in halothane anesthesia 48h later. The relative tissue uptake data are presented as arithmetical mean value with a standard error and graphically demonstrated as normalized data with respect to control. The results demonstrate that67Ga citrate uptake was largely unaffected in most organs by the presence of either metastatic or non-metastatic tumor. Gallium-67 uptake, however, was significantly and consistently increased in the popliteal lymph notes of the upsilateral extremity of tumor implant in the metastatic group. No difference was observed in the non-metastatic tumor group. The findings of this experimental work indicate that the host reaction to the tumor does not modify the gallium uptake characteristics in the normal tissues of tumor-bearing animals.
Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

TMP-SMX is the drug of choice for the treatment and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, the therapeutic benefit of this drug combination is often limited by a high incidence of serious adverse reactions. An increased frequency of adverse reactions to TMP-SMX in HIV-infected patients has been noted (1–5). Kovacs et al. (1) reported that 22 (65%) of 34 patients with AIDS developed adverse reactions while being treated with TMP-SMX, but only 2 (12%) of 17 patients without AIDS who were similarly treated had adverse responses. Jaffe et al. (2) noted that 8 (44%) of 18 patients treated with iv TMP-SMX developed fever, rash, and cytopenias; four patients were rechallenged, and all experienced a recurrence of their rashes. Gordin et al. (3) found that 83% of patients with AIDS developed one or more adverse reactions, and that in 65% of them, TMP-SMX had to be discontinued. Mitsuyasu et al. (4) reported cutaneous eruptions in 16 (64%) of 25 patients treated with TMP-SMX, including 8 of the 10 patients who received it only for prophylaxis. Medina et al. (5) found that 17 (57%) of 30 patients with AIDS developed major adverse reactions to TMP-SMX, and 29 (95%) of 30 patients developed minor adverse reactions.