cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biologically relevant orthotopic neuroblastoma xenograft models: primary adrenal tumor growth and spontaneous distant metastasis.

Abstract To provide investigative tools for the study of neuroblastoma (NB) biology and therapy, we have characterized five orthotopic (adrenal) human xenograft models of NB. Initial experiments compared subcutaneous (heterotopic) with adrenal (orthotopic) injections of two NB cell lines (SK-N-AS and SMS-KCNR) in Beige-SCID mice. These studies demonstrated more relevant tumor biology, including angiogenic phenotype, and enhanced spontaneous distant metastasis for orthotopic versus heterotopic tumors. RNase protection assay demonstrated differences in the expression of angiogenesis-associated genes (flt1, TIE1, angiopoietin, and endoglin) between adrenal and subcutaneous xenografts. Orthotopic models were used to define and characterize the three remaining NB cell lines (SH-SY5Y, LA-1-15N, and IMR32). The pattern of angiogenesis was distinctive for each xenograft model and included a variety of vascular structures. The sites for metastases were distinct for each cell line and included lymph nodes, liver, ovaries, lungs, bone marrow and local bone extension. These well characterized, relevant, highly angiogenic, and metastatic orthotopic models of NB will be a valuable resource to improve our understanding of the biology and treatment of NB.
Planar Kinematics of Rigid Bodies

In this chapter background material on the planar kinematics of rigid bodies is presented. In particular, we show how to establish certain useful representations for the velocity and acceleration vectors of any material point of a rigid body.We also discuss the angular velocity vector of a rigid body. These concepts are illustrated using two important applications: mechanisms and rolling rigid bodies. Finally, we discuss the linear G and angular (H,H O ,H A ) momenta of rigid bodies and the inertias that accompany them.
Computer Myths in Hospitality Education

(1996). Computer Myths in Hospitality Education. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 41-43.
Connective Tissue Disorder (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disseminated disease of multiform character and unknown cause. Current evidence shows that immunologic mechanisms of tissue injury are important in its pathogenesis. Roles for genetic predisposition and viral infection are also hypothesized (Mannik and Gilliland, 1977). The serum of patients with SLE contains many antibodies, collectively called antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The complexes formed by the combining of ANA with specific antigens appear to contribute to the inflammatory process and to formation of fibrinoid deposits that are commonly found in blood vessels, among collagen fibers, and on serosal surfaces. The widespread nature of these changes accounts for the multitude of clinical manifestations. Demonstration of the presence of ANA is essential for the diagnosis.
Hormonal and Neural Correlates of Sex-Typed Behavioral Development in Human Beings

It is well established that hormones have powerful and permanent influences on neural and behavioral development in experimental animals. (see, e.g., Goy and McEwen, 1980). In general, administering testosterone to genetic female animals prenatally or neonatally promotes development of male-typical characteristics and impairs development of female-typical characteristics. Similarly, removal of testosterone from developing males has the opposite effect. In addition, administering estrogen to developing females has many of the same effects as does testosterone administration, apparently because testosterone is converted to estradiol within the brain before exerting many of its neurobehavioral effects (McEwen et al., 1977a; McEwen et al., 1977b). Although these influences of androgens and estrogens were first demonstrated for reproductive behaviors, such as lordosis, mounting, intromission and ejaculation, they also apply to other behaviors that show sex differences, or are sex-typed, in the sense that they differ on the average for males and females of the species (Beatty, 1979). In addition, similar influences have been documented for brain regions that show sex differences. In these sexually differentiated areas, the early hormone environment influences basic processes of neural differentiation such as cell survival, anatomical connectivity, and neurochemical specification (Arnold and Gorski, 1984). Thus, it is thought that permanent hormone-induced changes in behavior result from hormone-induced changes in brain structure that occur during critical or sensitive periods of development.
The Human Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor

At similar plasma glucose concentrations much greater insulin secretion is achieved with oral glucose than with intravenous glucose. These observations lead to the concept that gastrointestinal factors (incretins) are released by nutrients, particularly glucose, to potentiate insulin release (Creutzfeldt, 1979). The two most potent incretins, GLP-1(7–37) and its amidated form GLP-1(7–36 amide), are processed from the parent 37 amino acid GLP-1 peptide, which is produced in intestinal L-cells as a posttranslational product of preproglucagon.
Situated Cognition: Origins

Situated cognition encompasses a range of theoretical positions that are united by the assumption that cognition is inherently tied to the social and cultural contexts in which it occurs. All current situated approaches owe a significant intellectual debt to the Russian psychologists Lev Vygotsky and Alexei Leont'ev. Vygotsky's work focused on the roles of social interaction and sign systems in intellectual development. He argued that the mind is created via a process of internalization from the plane of social interaction to the cognitive plane of individual thought. Leont'ev took this argument one step further by positing that face-to-face interactions are situated within encompassing cultural practices that constitute the broader context of intellectual development. Contemporary situated cognition research can be divided into two traditions. The first of these, cultural historical activity theory, draws directly on the Russian work to investigate the forms of reasoning that people develop as they participate in particular cultural practices. The second tradition, distributed cognition, emerged as a reaction to mainstream cognitive science and focuses on people's use of the immediate environment as a cognitive resource. Both traditions are currently vigorous and are addressing a range of issues that include both transfer and the consequences of participating in conflicting practices.
Distinguishing positions and movements in bed from load cell signals.

Objective To characterize and classify six positions and movements for individuals in a bed using the output signals of four load cell sensors. Approach A bed equipped with four load cell sensors and synchronized video was used to assess the load cell response of 54 healthy individuals in prescribed positions and as they moved between positions. Stationary positions were characterized by the signals from the four load cells and the coordinates of the center of mass (CoM). Movements were characterized by the changes in load cell signals, four parameters associated with the trajectory of the CoM between the initial and final position (Euclidean distance, length of the trajectory, and the x- and y- variances), and the initial position's CoM coordinates. Classification and decision tree models were used to assess the ability of these parameters to identify specific positions or movements. Main results Six positions were classified with an accuracy of 74.9% and six movements were classified with an accuracy of 79.7%. Significance This study demonstrates the feasibility of distinguishing certain positions and movements with load cell sensors. The identification of positions and movements for individuals in bed can be used as a tool in a variety of clinical settings.
The Greenland Ice Sheet as a Dielectric Resonator

Pure ice at low frequencies up to 2 kHz and fresh water up to rather high frequencies up to 1 GHz have high dielectric constants. For this reason masses of ice and fresh water could potentially appear as natural dielectric resonators. In practice such natural resonators often have a form of planar waveguides. Theoretical estimates of the resonant frequencies of such waveguides are made. In the case of ice, the low-frequency threshold requires that the ice sheet should have a large depth exceeding roughly 500 m. Corresponding estimates were applied to the Greenland ice sheet. The case of fresh water reservoirs was also considered and an experimental attempt to measure such resonances at a small water reservoir was made.
Temporomandibular disorder content in the curricula of physical therapist professional programs in the United States.

Objective: To describe the status of entry-level physical therapist (PT) education related to the diagnosis and management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in accredited, entry-level United Sta...
Relations among maternal physical activity during pregnancy and child body composition

Objective Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy is associated with lower neonatal fat mass, but associations with child body composition are mixed. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between trimester-specific pregnancy PA and child body composition at 4 years. Methods Participants of the Minnesota Infant Nutrition, Neurodevelopment, and Obesity Study were asked to recall participation in any moderate or vigorous PA in the first (T1), second (T2) and third (T3) trimesters at about 5 years postpartum. Child fat mass and fat-free mass were measured via air displacement plethysmography at 2 weeks, 3 months and 4 years of age. Multivariate linear regression was used for analyses. Results Of 51 possible participants, 37 recalled pregnancy PA. Any vigorous PA in T3 was associated with lower child fat mass at 4 years (adjβ = -1.077, p < 0.05). Conclusion Late pregnancy PA may have lasting benefits for child body composition. Replication of these findings is needed in a larger sample with prospective measures.
Infrared-sensing snakes select ambush orientation based on thermal backgrounds

Sensory information drives the ecology and behaviour of animals, and some animals are able to detect environmental cues unavailable to us. For example, rattlesnakes use infrared (IR) radiation to detect warm prey at night when visual cues are reduced. Until recently these sensory worlds have been inaccessible to human observers; now technology can allow us to “eavesdrop” on these species and understand how sensory perception drives ecology and behaviour. We used thermography and computer simulations to examine how prey-background temperature contrast and areas of temperature transitions influence the angular orientation of free-ranging rattlesnakes once they have selected an ambush site. We tracked free-ranging sidewinder rattlesnakes Crotalus cerastes to their selected ambush sites and recorded 360° near-ground thermographic panoramas from the centre of the ambush site. A computer simulation then moved a simulated prey item across the panorama and computed a contrast index for all directions. Rattlesnakes did not face ambush directions that offered stronger contrast than average, but they demonstrated a striking tendency to face directions with strong thermal transitions. Background transitions likely create a readily detected, rapidly changing stimulus when a prey animal passes. Quantifications of sensory environments like this one can boost our comprehension of how sensory function impacts the ecology, behaviour, and evolution of animals.
Identifying Key Topics Bearing Negative Sentiment on Twitter: Insights Concerning the 2015-2016 Zika Epidemic.

Background: To understand the public sentiment regarding the Zika virus, social media can be leveraged to understand how positive, negative, and neutral sentiments are expressed in society. Specifically, understanding the characteristics of negative sentiment could help inform federal disease control agencies’ efforts to disseminate relevant information to the public about Zika-related issues. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the public sentiment concerning Zika using posts on Twitter and determine the qualitative characteristics of positive, negative, and neutral sentiments expressed. Methods: Machine learning techniques and algorithms were used to analyze the sentiment of tweets concerning Zika. A supervised machine learning classifier was built to classify tweets into 3 sentiment categories: positive, neutral, and negative. Tweets in each category were then examined using a topic-modeling approach to determine the main topics for each category, with focus on the negative category. Results: A total of 5303 tweets were manually annotated and used to train multiple classifiers. These performed moderately well (F1 score=0.48-0.68) with text-based feature extraction. All 48,734 tweets were then categorized into the sentiment categories. Overall, 10 topics for each sentiment category were identified using topic modeling, with a focus on the negative sentiment category. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates how sentiment expressed within discussions of epidemics on Twitter can be discovered. This allows public health officials to understand public sentiment regarding an epidemic and enables them to address specific elements of negative sentiment in real time. Our negative sentiment classifier was able to identify tweets concerning Zika with 3 broad themes: neural defects,Zika abnormalities, and reports and findings. These broad themes were based on domain expertise and from topics discussed in journals such as Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report and Vaccine. As the majority of topics in the negative sentiment category concerned symptoms, officials should focus on spreading information about prevention and treatment research.
Talin and Kindlin as Integrin-Activating Proteins: Focus on the Heart

Integrin receptors enable cells to sense and respond to their chemical and physical environment. As a class of membrane receptors, they provide a dynamic, tightly regulated link between the extracellular matrix or cellular counter-receptors and intracellular cytoskeletal and signaling networks. They enable transmission of mechanical force across the plasma membrane, and particularly for cardiomyocytes, may sense the mechanical load placed on cells. Talins and Kindlins are two families of FERM-domain proteins which bind the cytoplasmic tail of integrins, recruit cytoskeletal and signaling proteins involved in mechano-transduction, and those which synergize to activate integrins, allowing the integrins to physically change and bind to extracellular ligands. In this review, we will discuss the roles of talin and kindlin, particularly as integrin activators, with a focus on cardiac myocytes.
Generic Drugs Not as Safe as FDA Wants You to Believe

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rules for the production of prescription drugs are very rigorous and, if followed, guarantees a safe drug supply. For many years, foreign manufacturers have produced substandard generic products and active pharmaceutical ingredients and shipped them into the United States. If the FDA had inspected them with the same rigor as they do domestic manufacturers, they would have found many of these egregious deviations from ethical manufacturing much earlier. Although the FDA is finally stepping up the number of inspections, their current processes still rely on preannounced inspections with long time horizons, so quality issues can be temporarily corrected and documents altered or destroyed.
An Optical Model for Quantitative Raman Microspectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy is an invaluable technique for identifying compounds by the unique pattern of their molecular vibrations and is capable of quantifying the individual concentrations of those compounds provided that certain parameters about the sample and instrument are known. We demonstrate the development of an optical model to describe the intensity distribution of incident laser photons as they pass through the sample volume, determine the limitations of that volume that may be detected by the spectrometer optics, and account for light absorption by molecules within the sample in order to predict the total Raman intensity that would be obtained from a given, uniform sample such as an aqueous solution. We show that the interplay between the shape and divergence of the laser beam, the position of the focal plane, and the dimensions of the spectrometer slit are essential to explaining experimentally observed trends in deep ultraviolet Raman intensities obtained from both planar and volumetric samples, including highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and binary mixtures of organic nucleotides. This model offers the capability to predict detection limits for organic compounds in different matrices based on the parameters of the spectrometer, and to define the upper/lower limits within which concentration can be reliably determined from Raman intensity for such samples. We discuss the potential to quantify more complex samples, including as solid phase mixtures of organics and minerals, that are investigated by the unique instrument parameters of the Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) investigation on the upcoming Mars 2020 rover mission.
Homophily Effects Among Oxford House Residents Utilizing Medication Assisted Treatment

The effects of social support among persons utilizing medication assisted treatment (MAT) living in abstinence-based recovery homes is not clearly understood, and there is a need to identify social...
Does postoperative delirium following elective noncardiac surgery predict long-term mortality?

Objective to determine whether incident postoperative delirium in elective older surgical patient was associated with increased risk for mortality, controlling for covariates of 5-year mortality. Design secondary analysis of prospective cohort studies. Setting academic Medical Center. Subjects patients ≥65 years of age undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery. Outcomes postoperative assessments of delirium measured using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), mortality within 5 years of the index surgery was determined from National Death Index records. Results postoperative delirium occurred in 332/1,315 patients (25%). Five years after surgery, 175 patients (13.3%) were deceased. Older age was associated with an increased odds of mortality [odds ratio (OR) 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-2.70] for those aged 70-79 years compared to those aged 80 years. Other variables associated with 5-year mortality on bi-variate analyses were white race, self-rated functional status, lower preoperative cognitive status, higher risk score as measured by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, higher surgical risk score, history of congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, renal disease, cancer, peripheral vascular disease and postoperative delirium. However, postoperative delirium was not associated with 5-year mortality on multi-variate logistic regression (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.85-1.65). Conclusions our results showed that delirium was not associated with 5-year mortality in elective surgical patients after consideration of co-variates of mortality. Our results suggest the importance of accounting for known preoperative risks for mortality when investigating the relationship between delirium and long-term mortality.
The Challenges of Ultrasound-guided Thoracic Paravertebral Blocks in Rib Fracture Patients.

Thoracic paravertebral blocks (TPVBs) provide an effective pain relief modality in conditions where thoracic epidurals are contraindicated. Historically, TPVBs were placed relying solely on the landmark-based technique, but the availability of ultrasound imaging makes it a valuable and practical tool during the placement of these blocks. TPVBs also provide numerous advantages over thoracic epidurals, namely, minimal hypotension, absence of urinary retention, lack of motor weakness, and remote risk of an epidural hematoma. Utilization of both landmark-based and ultrasound-guided techniques may increase the successful placement of a TPVB. This article reviews relevant sonoanatomy as it pertains to TPVBs. However, certain patient-related issues, including pneumothoraces, surgical emphysema, body habitus, and transverse process fractures, all may make imaging with ultrasound challenging. The changes noted on ultrasound imaging as a result of these issues will be further described in this review.
Am I Racist

Am I Racist? “We’re Black,” said my teenage patient’s aunt, “and we know how the system works.” Having lived her life in a system that didn’t work for people of color, how could she see my unilater...
The Path to Resilience: Integrating Critical Thinking Skills into the Family Law Curriculum

The opportunity to write and share my teaching philosophy and methodology is to face a daunting exercise. It is relatively easy for me to set goals and objectives for a class and to outline the coverage of a class through the syllabus, particularly if it is a course that I have taught in the past. However, identifying the subconscious and perhaps subliminal messages that are being taught as part of the overt course objectives is a bit more intimidating because it reveals the vulnerability of both the professor and the student.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes following neonatal late-onset sepsis and blood culture-negative conditions

Objective Determine risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS) versus late-onset, antibiotic-treated, blood culture-negative conditions (LOCNC). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting 24 neonatal centres. Patients Infants born 1/1/2006–31/12/2014, at 22–26 weeks gestation, with birth weight 401–1000 g and surviving >7 days were included. Infants with early-onset sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, intestinal perforation or both LOS and LOCNC were excluded. Exposures LOS and LOCNC were defined as antibiotic administration for ≥5 days with and without a positive blood/cerebrospinal fluid culture, respectively. Infants with these diagnoses were also compared with infants with neither condition. Outcomes Death or NDI was assessed at 18–26 months corrected age follow-up. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks adjusting for covariates occurring ≤7 days of age. Results Of 7354 eligible infants, 3940 met inclusion criteria: 786 (20%) with LOS, 1601 (41%) with LOCNC and 1553 (39%) with neither. Infants with LOS had higher adjusted relative risk (95% CI) for death/NDI (1.14 (1.05 to 1.25)) and death before follow-up (1.71 (1.44 to 2.03)) than those with LOCNC. Among survivors, risk for NDI did not differ between the two groups (0.99 (0.86 to 1.13)) but was higher for LOCNC infants (1.17 (1.04 to 1.31)) compared with unaffected infants. Conclusions Infants with LOS had higher risk of death, but not NDI, compared with infants with LOCNC. Surviving infants with LOCNC had higher risk of NDI compared with unaffected infants. Improving outcomes for infants with LOCNC requires study of the underlying conditions and the potential impact of antibiotic exposure.
Analysis of row to row routing in double height standard-cells

For advanced technology nodes the design of Standard Cell Libraries is becoming increasingly challenging. This is because with shrinking cell heightsthe available routing resources in the cells are becoming a major lim iting f actor, along with the rising complexity of design rules and technology options. The challenge of designing goodcells holds for both production libraries, where many cells need to be created, as well as for DTCO experiments, where many variations of a smaller library needto be made. Both types of libraries require highly optimized cells, either to have high quality design, or to have accurate PPA assessment during DTCO. Additionally, DTCO no longer meets the needs of today’s technological cha llenges and needs to be extended from Materials to Systems. At Applied Materials we include automatedStandard Cell Librarygeneration into ourMSCOTM (Materials to Systems Co -OptimizationTM) f low. To demonstrate the power of automated Standard Cell Library generation, this paperfocuses on four experiments to a ssess the impact of advancedprocess and design rules and the choice of standard cell architectures;in particular double height cells. The experiments include different technology and architectural choices,such asthe number of tracks, poly silicon and diffusion for routing in between the rows in the cells. The results are compared in terms of theirmanufacturability and size. Ongoing work includes performance and power analysis on representative designs.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection

An injection-based endoscopic submucosal resection (EMR) was first studied in 1955 using in-vitro models in the human sigmoid colon. It was demonstrated that injecting saline to create a submucosal wheal had a protective effect from the complications of thermal cautery. The first live endoscopic mucosal resection with submucosal injection using a loop diathermy was described in 1973 by Deyhle et al., who reported seven resections of sessile polyps from the colon without any complications. This method was then later pioneered by Soetikno in Japan for the management of early gastric cancer in 1974. Since that time, endoscopic submucosal resection utilization has expanded to Barrett’s esophagus (BE), esophageal dysplasia, and early esophageal cancer.
Cutaneous sensation of electrical stimulation waveforms

Abstract Background Skin sensation is the primary factor limiting the intensity of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). It is well established that different waveforms generate different sensations, yet transcranial stimulation has been limited to a relatively small number of prototypical waveforms. Objective We explore whether alternative stimulation waveforms could substantially reduce skin sensation and thus allow for stronger intensities in tES. Methods We systematically tested a range of waveforms in a series of 6 exploratory experiments stimulating human adults on the forearm and in one instance on the head. Subjects were asked to rate skin sensation level on a numerical scale from “none” to “extreme”. Results High frequency (>1 kHz) monophasic square wave stimulation was found to decrease in sensation with increasing duty cycle, baseline, and frequency, but the sensation was never lower than for constant current stimulation. For the purpose of injecting a net direct current (DC), a constant current is optimal. For stimulation with alternating current (AC), sensation decreased with increasing frequency, consistent with previous reports. Amplitude modulation did not reduce sensation below stimulation with constant AC amplitude, and biphasic square waveforms produced higher sensation levels than biphasic sinusoidal waveforms. Furthermore, for DC stimulation, sensation levels on the arm were similar to those reported on the head. Conclusion Our comparisons of various waveforms for monophasic and biphasic stimulation indicate that conventional DC and AC waveforms may provide the lowest skin sensations levels for transcutaneous electrical stimulation. These results are likely generalizable to tES applications.
MYOD1 as a prognostic indicator in rhabdomyosarcoma

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is characterized by the expression of the myogenic regulatory protein MYOD1. Histologic types include alveolar, embryonal (ERMS), and spindle cell sclerosing RMS (SRMS). SRMS harbors MYOD1 mutations in a subset of adult cases in association with poor prognosis. DESIGN/METHODS To study the level of MYOD1 protein expression and its clinical significance, we have analyzed variable numbers of pediatric (<18 years of age) and adult (age range ≥18 to 35 years) ERMS and SRMS cases for presence or absence of MYOD1 immunoreactivity in correlation with clinical outcome and MYOD1 L122R mutations. RESULTS Lack of MYOD1 immunoreactivity, identified in 23.8% of nonalveolar RMS (non-ARMS) cases, was more prevalent in SRMS (44%) than ERMS (17.2%) and was significantly associated with low overall survival and unfavorable tumor sites (p < .05). Lack of MYOD1 immunoreactivity was not associated with MYOD1 L122R mutations, which were identified in 3/37 (8%) cases including only two of 31 (6.5%) pediatric cases, one of 11 or 9% pediatric SRMS, and one case of infant ERMS. CONCLUSION These studies highlight the prognostic role of MYOD1 in non-ARMS. Lack of MYOD1 immunoreactivity is associated with poor prognosis in ERMS and SRMS. MYOD1 gene mutations are generally infrequent in pediatric RMS. Although mutations are predominant in SRMS, they may exceptionally occur in infantile ERMS.
Implementation of a positive psychology curriculum in a high school setting: A mixed methods pilot study

This study used a mixed-method design to examine the qualitative feasibility of a comprehensive positive psychology curriculum taught by an educator in a naturalistic high school classroom. Limited efficacy testing was also performed. Using a naturalistic quasi-experimental design, this study examined the qualitative impact and feasibility of a high school positive psychology course compared to a standard psychology course. Qualitative variables examined included student attrition, demand, implementation, and practicality as well as student feedback. Quantitative self-report measures of well-being were also included. Participants were 113 adolescents enrolled at a high school in the Mountain West United States. The course was found to have high demand and low rates of attrition. The educator noted that preparing the course was feasible and did not require external funding. Feedback from students was overwhelmingly positive with many of them noting the positive effect that it had on their well-being and ability to cope with challenges. Quantitative results were mixed. These results largely support previous research that has associated positive outcomes with the employment of positive psychology interventions in a classroom setting. Future research should focus on the quantitative effects of school-based positive psychology interventions in a larger scale, high-powered sample.
Cardiac MRI Findings of Myocarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Adolescents.

Background: A possible association has been reported between COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and myocarditis. Objective: To describe cardiac MRI findings in patients with myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent cardiac MRI between May 14, 2021 and June 14, 2021 for suspected myocarditis within 2 weeks of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, without known prior COVID-19. Information regarding clinical presentation, hospital course, and postdischarge events, were recorded. A cardiothoracic imaging fellow and cardiothoracic radiologist reviewed cardiac MRI examinations in consensus. Data were summarized descriptively. Results: Of 52 patients who underwent cardiac MRI during the study period, 5 underwent MRI for suspected myocarditis after recent COVID-19 mRNA vaccination without known prior COVID-19. These 5 patients were all males with age ranging from 16 to 19 years (mean, 17.2±1.0 years) who presented within 4 days of the second dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Troponin levels were elevated in all patients (mean peak troponin I, 6.8±4.1 ng/mL). Alternate possible causes of myocarditis were deemed clinically unlikely based on medical history, physical examination, myocarditis viral panel, and toxicology screen. Cardiac MRI findings were consistent with myocarditis in all 5 patients based on Lake Louise criteria, including early gadolinium enhancement (EGE) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in all patients and corresponding myocardial edema in 4 patients. All 5 patients had a favorable hospital course and were discharged in stable condition with improved or resolved symptoms after mean hospitalization length of 4.8 days. Two patients underwent repeat cardiac MRI that showed persistent, though decreased, LGE. Three patients reported mild intermittent self-resolving chest pain after discharge; 2 patients had no recurrent symptoms after discharge. Conclusion: In this small case series, all patients with myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination were adolescent males and had a favorable initial clinical course. All patients showed cardiac MRI findings typical of myocarditis of other causes. LGE persisted in 2 patients undergoing repeat MRI. The observations do not establish causality. Clinical impact: Radiologists should be aware of the possible association of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and myocarditis, and recognize the role of cardiac MRI in assessment of suspected myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination.
Short-Term Effects of Two Hurricanes on Bird Populations in Southwestern Louisiana

Hurricanes can have strong effects on wildlife populations and their habitats, with complex positive and negative outcomes. I demonstrate the utility of Audubon Christmas Bird Count (CBC) data by comparing results of the first Creole CBC after Hurricanes Laura (Category 4 on 27 August) and Delta (Category 2 on 9 October) in 2020 against 7 years of pre-hurricane Creole CBC baseline data in coastal Cameron Parish, LA. Bird community structure following the hurricanes was significantly different compared to the previous 7 years. Species richness significantly decreased in core (i.e., absent from 2 or fewer baseline CBCs) and irregularly (absent from 3 or more baseline CBCs) occurring bird species. Particularly hard hit were landbirds, whereas waterfowl, waterbirds, and shorebirds were more likely to show positive responses. Marshbird and raptor counts had the most neutral post-hurricane responses. Migratory species across all 6 guilds were also less likely than resident species to show negative responses and more likely to show positive responses to the hurricanes. These results demonstrate differing vulnerabilities of birds to hurricanes, an understanding of which is critical for developing conservation strategies to minimize negative population effects in the face of future increased hurricane intensity.
Foreign-Born Student Affairs Professionals’ Impacts and Experiences: The Missing Piece of Internationalization:

This study examined lived experiences of foreign-born student affairs professionals (SAPs) in the United States and Canadian higher education. We sought to understand foreign-born SAPs’ impacts on ...
Computational Bayesian inference of range and depth of a mobile scatterer in a refractive ocean waveguide with a limited vertical aperture array

A computational Bayesian method is presented for inference from a limited vertical aperture regarding the range, depth and speed of a submerged large mobile object. Closely spaced multipath arrivals in Doppler and vertical angle off of the target in a refractive environment are addressed in the presence of uncertainty in the ambient acoustic noise power. Vertical angles and Doppler frequencies of the arrival structure are jointly inferred and their posterior density is mapped to the object’s range, depth, and speed through acoustic ray interpolation. A case study with the classic Munk sound speed profile is presented to lend credence to the approach.
Reinventing the Wheel: General Approaches to the Elucidation of Blocked N-Terminal Sequences

The work reported here is based on different methods reported in the literature for the isolation and identification of the acylamino acid in N-terminally blocked proteins (1,2), for the isolation of the blocked peptide from a proteolytic or chemical digest of a blocked protein (3), and for the unblocking of the peptide for the purpose of obtaining its sequence (3,4,5). With the diversity of unique analytical problems presented by the whole spectrum of acetylated proteins, we feel that the entire methodological arsenal should be available to the workers in this field even if it may be possible to follow certain general strategies when a new protein is encountered. The following presents some such general approaches derived from our limited experiences. A few new variations have been added (6), but the major themes are still the established ones.
Algorithmic Implications of Duality in Stochastic Programs

In this paper, we study primal and dual formulations of multistage stochastic programs (SP). Using a dual formulation, we discuss a decomposition/cutting plane algorithm that can be used to solve such problems. The algorithm, which is based on a scenario decomposition derived from the dual statement of the problem, is best viewed as a conceptual algorithm. Nevertheless, it lends itself to the use of sampled data, and enhancements necessary to produce a computationally viable method are discussed.
Improving Robust Design with Preference Aggregation Methods

Robust design is a methodology for improving the quality of a product or process by minimizing the effect of variations in the inputs without eliminating the causes of those variations. In robust design, the putative best design is obtained by solving a multi-criteria optimization problem, trading off the nominal performance against the minimization of the variation of the performance measure. Because some existing methods combine the two criteria with a weighted sum or another fixed aggregation strategy, which are known to miss Pareto points, they may fail to obtain a desired design. To overcome this inadequacy, a more comprehensive preference aggregation method is implemented here into robust design. Three examples - one simple mathematical example, one multi-criteria structure design example, and one automotive example -- are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Role of Sialic Acid in Determining the Survival of Glycoproteins in the Circulation

Evidence is presented to indicate a generalized role for the terminal sialic acid residues of circulating glycoproteins. Upon injection into rats, all of the desialylated plasma proteins tested, with the exception of transferrin, were promptly removed from the circulation and were recovered from the liver. The materials examined included orosomucoid, fetuin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, α2-macroglobulin, thyroglobulin, lactoferrin, and the two gonadotropic hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone. Competitive inhibition of hepatic uptake was demonstrated by the injection of tracer amounts of 64Cu-ceruloplasmin together with substantive amounts of the above-mentioned desialylated proteins or the glycopeptides derived from them. Uptake was not inhibited by the fully sialylated protein or their glycopeptides.
Accelerated fractional ventilation imaging with hyperpolarized Gas MRI.

Purpose To investigate the utility of accelerated imaging to enhance multibreath fractional ventilation (r) measurement accuracy using hyperpolarized gas MRI. Undersampling shortens the breath-hold time, thereby reducing the O2-induced signal decay and allows subjects to maintain a more physiologically relevant breathing pattern. Additionally, it may improve r estimation accuracy by reducing radiofrequency destruction of hyperpolarized gas. Methods Image acceleration was achieved using an eight-channel phased array coil. Undersampled image acquisition was simulated in a series of ventilation images and data was reconstructed for various matrix sizes (48–128) using generalized auto-calibrating partially parallel acquisition. Parallel accelerated r imaging was also performed on five mechanically ventilated pigs. Results Optimal acceleration factor was fairly invariable (2.0–2.2×) over the range of simulated resolutions. Estimation accuracy progressively improved with higher resolutions (39–51% error reduction). In vivo r values were not significantly different between the two methods: 0.27 ± 0.09, 0.35 ± 0.06, 0.40 ± 0.04 (standard) versus 0.23 ± 0.05, 0.34 ± 0.03, 0.37 ± 0.02 (accelerated); for anterior, medial, and posterior slices, respectively, whereas the corresponding vertical r gradients were significant (P < 0.001): 0.021 ± 0.007 (standard) versus 0.019 ± 0.005 (accelerated) (cm−1). Conclusion Quadruple phased array coil simulations resulted in an optimal acceleration factor of ∼2× independent of imaging resolution. Results advocate undersampled image acceleration to improve accuracy of fractional ventilation measurement with hyperpolarized gas MRI. Magn Reson Med 70:1353–1359, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microresonator devices for DWDM systems

Filters and switches for integrated DWDM subsystems using microresonators vertically coupled to waveguides are described. High Q resonator/waveguides components are fabricated by double-sided processing using wafer bonding. Tunable laser and detector designs are described.
Value Pluralism and Its Implications for American Public Administration

This article discusses the idea of value pluralism and its implications for American public administration in dealing with value conflicts. It is argued here that the pluralist view that our values...
A Molecular Staple: D-Loops in the I Domain of Bacteriophage P22 Coat Protein Make Important Intercapsomer Contacts Required for Procapsid Assembly

UNLABELLED Bacteriophage P22, a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus, has a nonconserved 124-amino-acid accessory domain inserted into its coat protein, which has the canonical HK97 protein fold. This I domain is involved in virus capsid size determination and stability, as well as protein folding. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) solution structure of the I domain revealed the presence of a D-loop, which was hypothesized to make important intersubunit contacts between coat proteins in adjacent capsomers. Here we show that amino acid substitutions of residues near the tip of the D-loop result in aberrant assembly products, including tubes and broken particles, highlighting the significance of the D-loops in proper procapsid assembly. Using disulfide cross-linking, we showed that the tips of the D-loops are positioned directly across from each other both in the procapsid and the mature virion, suggesting their importance in both states. Our results indicate that D-loop interactions act as "molecular staples" at the icosahedral 2-fold symmetry axis and significantly contribute to stabilizing the P22 capsid for DNA packaging. IMPORTANCE Many dsDNA viruses have morphogenic pathways utilizing an intermediate capsid, known as a procapsid. These procapsids are assembled from a coat protein having the HK97 fold in a reaction driven by scaffolding proteins or delta domains. Maturation of the capsid occurs during DNA packaging. Bacteriophage HK97 uniquely stabilizes its capsid during maturation by intercapsomer cross-linking, but most virus capsids are stabilized by alternate means. Here we show that the I domain that is inserted into the coat protein of bacteriophage P22 is important in the process of proper procapsid assembly. Specifically, the I domain allows for stabilizing interactions across the capsid 2-fold axis of symmetry via a D-loop. When amino acid residues at the tip of the D-loop are mutated, aberrant assembly products, including tubes, are formed instead of procapsids, consequently phage production is affected, indicating the importance of stabilizing interactions during the assembly and maturation reactions.
A fast, parameterized model of upper atmospheric ionization rates, chemistry, and conductivity

Rapid specification of ionization rates and ion densities in the upper atmosphere is essential when many evaluations of the atmospheric state must be performed, as in global studies or analyses of on-orbit satellite data. Though many models of the upper atmosphere perform the necessary specification, none provide the flexibility of computational efficiency, high accuracy, and complete specification. We introduce a parameterized, updated, and extended version of the GLobal AirglOW (GLOW) model, called GLOWfast, that significantly reduces computation time and provides comparable accuracy in upper atmospheric ionization, densities, and conductivity. We extend GLOW capabilities by (1) implementing the nitric oxide empirical model, (2) providing a new model component to calculate height-dependent conductivity profiles from first principles for the 80–200 km region, and (3) reducing computation time. The computational improvement is achieved by replacing the full, two-stream electron transport algorithm with two parameterizations: (1) photoionization (QRJ from Solomon and Qian (2005)) and (2) electron impact ionization (F0810 from Fang et al. (2008, 2010)). We find that GLOWfast accurately reproduces ionization rates, ion and electron densities, and Pedersen and Hall conductivities independent of the background atmospheric state and input solar and auroral activity. Our results suggest that GLOWfast may be even more appropriate for low characteristic energy auroral conditions. We demonstrate in a suite of 3028 case studies that GLOWfast can be used to rapidly calculate the ionization of the upper atmosphere with few limitations on background and input conditions. We support these results through comparisons with electron density profiles from COSMIC.
Glial and neuronal localization of cerebroside-metabolizing enzymes.

Abstract Glial and neuronal cell preparations were made from young rat cerebrum and assayed for 3 enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism. A galactosyltransferase which makes galactocerebroside, a primary component of myelin, was found in all cell types examined, at fairly similar levels of activity. The same distribution of activities was found for the β-galactosidase which hydrolyzes galactocerebroside. It is suggested that the very low levels of galactocerebroside found in neurons are the result of an inability of neurons to form the lipoidal cerebroside precursor, hydroxy ceramide, or a cerebroside-binding protein. The glucosyltransferase which makes glucocerebroside, an intermediate in ganglioside biosynthesis, was found only in neurons. This may be a new marker enzyme for neurons, in contrast to other brain cells. Since gangliosides are found in non-neuronal membranes, it appears likely that they (or some intermediate in biosynthesis) are transferred from neurons.
Carbon fiber-polyaniline composites: Kinetics of electrodeposition of polyaniline onto carbon fibers by cyclic voltammetry

Homogeneous and uniform coatings of polyaniline were successfully deposited on carbon fibers by an aqueous electrodeposition technique using p-toluene sulfonic acid as the electrolyte. Electrochemical deposition of aniline was carried out by cyclic voltammetry in the potential range of −0.2 V to 1.0 V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The electrochemical deposition parameters such as the number of cycles, scan rate (SR), initial monomer ([M]), and electrolyte concentration ([E]) were systematically varied. The amount of composite coatings on carbon fibers was dependent on the electrochemical deposition parameters. From a weight gain analysis, the rate of the reactions (R p ) was calculated. As the aniline concentration was increased up to 0.35 M and electrolyte concentration up to 0.5 M, the deposition rate also increased, whereas an increase in scan rate decreased the deposition rate. Kinetic analysis showed that the rate equation for the p-toluene sulfonic acid system is R p ∝SR −1.25 [M] 0.73 [...
The neutron-deficient yttrium isotopes 82Y, 83Y and 84Y

Abstract The neutron-deficient yttrium isotopes 82 Y, 83 Y and 84 Y have been produced by irradiations with the Berkeley heavy-ion linear accelerator. Where possible, identifications were made by establishing genetic relationships with known daughter or granddaughter activities. The half-life of 84 Y determined by direct decay is 39 ± 2 min. By a series of timed chemical separations, the following half-lives have been established: 82 Y, 9 ± 3 min; 83 Y, 8 ± 2 min. No information pertaining to the radiations emitted in the decay of these yttrium isotopes, other than 84 Y, has been obtained. The γ-ray spectra of 84 Y and 83 Sr are shown.