cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of DSM-5 criteria on externalizing, internalizing, behavioral and adaptive symptoms in children diagnosed with autism.

Objective: Diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are changing with the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), which simplifies the diagnostic categories into social/emotional deficits and repetitive and restricted behavior. ASDs have been closely linked to a variety of other disorders, in particular externalizing disorders such as ADHD, and internalizing disorders including anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder. The present study examines the externalizing, internalizing, behavioral and adaptive symptoms of children with ASD.Method: Children diagnosed with the DSM-IV who do not meet diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 and were compared to a non-ASD sample and a sample of those who meet the new criteria. Differences were examined between the three experimental groups with respect to internalizing, externalizing, behavioral severity and adaptive behavior.Results: No significant differences were observed between the DSM-5 and DSM-IV groups with respect to c...
Family, public and private religiousness and psychological well-being over time in at-risk adolescents

Positive effects of different dimensions of religiousness (including private, public and familial) on well-being as well as the stress buffering effects of religiousness have been documented. However, relatively little research has explored how these different facets of religiousness are related to psychological well-being in at-risk adolescents. This study examined family, public and private religiousness and their protective influence on psychological adjustment in adolescents at risk for poor psychological and behavioural outcomes. Participants include 186 urban teens divided between African Americans and European Americans. Structured interviews assessed religiousness, stress, as well as change in emotional distress and substance abuse problems over a one-year period. Greater private religiousness protects adolescents exposed to higher levels of stress from emotional and behavioural problems. In contrast, higher levels of family religiousness exacerbate emotional problems over time in adolescents expo...
Lymphocyte adhesion molecules in T cell-mediated lysis of human kidney cells.

Lymphocyte adhesion molecules in T cell-mediated lysis of human kidney cells. The complementary adhesion molecules LFA-1 (CD 11a, 18)/ICAM-1 (CD54) and LFA-2 (CD2)/LFA-3 (CD58) have been shown to be important in T cell interaction with lymphoid target cells. The role of these ligand pairs in cytotoxicity against somatic cells is less well established. While LFA-3 is expressed by all cells in the kidney, ICAM-1 expression is low in normal kidneys but is increased in allograft rejection. An in vitro cytotoxicity assay was used to examine the relative importance of the two adhesion ligands in immune damage against kidney cells in rejection HLA-A 2 specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) recognition of cultured human kidney cells (HKC), of predominantly renal tubular cell origin, was studied. Immunofluorescence studies showed that both induced and uninduced HKC target cells expressed ICAM-1, MHC class I and LFA-3, but only MHC class I and class II antigens and ICAM-1 were significantly upregulated by cytokine induction. Effector cells expressed LFA-1 and LFA-2 but little or no ICAM-1 and LFA-3. Cytokine induction of ICAM-1 expression on HKC target cells increased their susceptibility to lysis. Monoclonal antibody against ICAM-1 or LFA-1 produced the greatest inhibition of HKC lysis, and their effects were not additive. Antibody against LFA-2 (CD2) or LFA-3 also produced significant inhibition, but to a lesser degree, and no additive effect was found. The combination of antibody against both adhesion bridges almost completely abrogated lysis of HKC target cells, and this was as effective as a combination of antibodies that blocked binding by the T cell receptor to target cell class I MHC. These results suggest that ICAM-1, not expressed on normal kidney cells in vivo, but significantly induced in allograft rejection, may play a significant role in increasing the susceptibility of kidney cells to immune lysis, and modulation of these interactions may protect the graft from rejection.
Isolated Absence of Adrenarche in A Postpubertal Female

Background The development of pubic and axillary hair (adrenarche) is part of the process of normal puberty. We report a case of isolated absence of adrenarche in a post-pubertal female. A review of the literature reveals no previously reported case of isolated absence of adrenarche in a postpubertal female. An investigation was understaken to evaluate the etiology of the lack of sexual hair growth in this patient. Case A 14 year-old postpubertal female presented complaining of heavy menstrual bleeding approximately four months after her first menstrual period. The patient had been previously diagnosed with a developmental delay and speech impediment by her referring physician. Further workup revealed a normal menstrual pattern, yet the physical examination was remarkable for the absence of axillary and pubic hair, as well as short stature. A complete evaluation was performed which included chromosome analysis, serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 3-alpha androstanediol glucuronide. The serum androstenedione, testosterone, DHT, and 3-alpha androstanediol glucuronide levels were within normal limits. The DHEA-S levels were low yet adrenal function as analyzed by the Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test was normal. Radiologic studies included pelvic ultrasound and bone age assessment with a bone age of 16 years. Skin biopsy of the mons pubis documents the presence of hair follicles. No previous or similar history has been noted in the patient's family history. Also of note, the patient is the product of a consanguineous relationship. Conclusion After review of our investigational findings, it is felt that this unique case likely represents an androgen receptor or post-receptor defect in the hair follicle.
Positron emission tomography in urological oncology.

AbstractPurpose: We provide scientists and clinicians with an introduction to the basic principles and methods of positron emission tomography (PET) and summarize the recent research and clinical applications of PET in the urological field. Specifically, we introduce PET so that the reader can understand and objectively review current and future articles that involve this imaging technology.Materials and Methods: The recent applications of PET in urology in the published literature were searched and reviewed.Results: In prostate carcinoma preliminary studies using radiotracer 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) demonstrated that PET cannot reliably differentiate between primary prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia, and that PET is not as sensitive as bone scintigraphy for the detection of osseous metastases. However, PET may have a role in the detection of lymph node metastases in patients with prostate specific antigen relapse after primary local therapy. In renal cell carcinoma recent studies hav...
Growth and Carcass Traits of Holstein Steers, Bulls, and Bulls Implanted with Diethylstilbestrol,

Abstract Holstein male calves (36) were allocated at birth to one of three treatment groups, 1) castrated at 3 to 7 days of age (steers), 2) intact and untreated, and 3) implanted with diethylstilbestrol at birth, 3, 6, 8, and 10 mo of age. Daily gain and carcass traits of all animals and testicular measurements of bulls and implanted bulls were recorded. Implanted bulls, bulls, and steers gained 1.30, 1.19, and 1.08kg/day. Carcasses from steers were more highly marbled and had higher quality grades than carcasses from either bulls or implanted bulls. Steer carcasses also had more fat cover, more internal fat, smaller rib-eye area, and lower cutability than carcasses from bulls and implanted bulls. Physical separation of the 9-10-11 rib section confirmed that steer carcasses contained more fat trim and less lean than carcasses from bulls and implanted bulls. Composition of lean meat did not differ between the three groups of animals. Testicular weight was lighter (300 versus 419g) in implanted bulls than in intact bulls.
Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Odds of Incident Depression

Background Studies of physical activity and incidence of physician-diagnosed depression have been limited to a single estimate of self-reported physical activity exposure, despite follow-up periods lasting many years. Purpose To examine longitudinal change in cardiorespiratory fitness, an objective marker of habitual physical activity, and incident depression complaints made to a physician. Methods Cardiorespiratory fitness assessed at four clinic visits between 1971 and 2006, each separated by an average of 2–3 years, was used to objectively measure cumulative physical activity exposure in cohorts of 7936 men and 1261 women, aged 20–85 years, from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who did not complain of depression at their first clinic visit in 1971–2003. Data were analyzed in August 2010. Results Across subsequent visits, there were 446 incident cases in men and 153 cases in women. After adjustment for age, time between visits, BMI at each visit, and fitness at Visit 1, each 1-minute decline in treadmill endurance (i.e., a decline in cardiorespiratory fitness of approximately 1 half-MET) between ages 51 and 55 years in men and ages 53 and 56 years in women, increased the odds of incident depression complaints by approximately 2% and 9.5%, respectively. The increased odds remained significant but were attenuated to 1.3% and 5.4% after further adjustment at each visit for smoking, alcohol use, chronic medical conditions, anxiety, and sleep problems. Conclusions Maintenance of cardiorespiratory fitness during late middle age, when decline in fitness typically accelerates, helps protect against the onset of depression complaints made to a physician.
A general methodology for machine tool accuracy enhancement by error compensation

Abstract A general methodology for increasing the accuracy of machine tools by compensating for the inherent systematic errors is described. This methodology in
Susceptibility and Resistance to Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus-Induced Promonocytic Leukemia

Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) induces promonocytic leukemias, called MML, in pristane-treated adult mice. These tumors invariably express fused gag-myb mRNA as a consequence of virus integration and activation of the c-myb locus. In the present study it was determined that while BALB/c and DBA/2N mice are highly susceptible, C57BL/6, C3H/He, STS/A, NFS, NIH/Swiss, SJL/J, and NZB mice are strongly resistant to tumor induction. Although C57BL/6 mice were resistant because they were unable to support early virus replication in hematopoietic tissue, NFS and C3H/He mice supported replication and were shown, using RT-PCR, to have cells in the bone marrow and spleen that expressed the aberrant, leukemia-related gag-myb mRNA. This provided evidence that early stages of leukemia were permitted to develop in these mice, but preneoplastic cells were unable to progress to the acute phase. Experiments in which MML was induced by M-MuLV plus pristane treatment in immunodeficient C3H/He nu/nu and sublethally irradiated C3H/He mice suggested that the immune response may play a role in eliminating preleukemic cells in immunocompetent C3H/He. Tumors from these mice had rearrangements at the c-myb locus and expressed gag-myb RNA. It was concluded that, at least in the case of C3H/He mice, resistance is not due to an inability of virus to activate c-myb or to a lack of other tumor promoting events. Rather, leukemia development appears to be restricted by an immune response, presumably T-cell mediated. Evidence is provided that non-H-2 MHC genes are required for resistance in both C57BL/6 and C3H/He mice and that resistance is dominant. This provides an animal model for the study of tumor progression as it relates to the immune response.
Genetic Variation in Insecticide Tolerance in a Population of Southern Leopard Frogs (Rana sphenocephala): Implications for Amphibian Conservation

Abstract Currently, conservation efforts are devoted to determining the extent and the causes of the decline of many amphibian species worldwide. Human impacts frequently degrade amphibian habitat and have been implicated in many declines. Because genetic variance is critical in determining the persistence of a species in a changing environment, we examined the amount of genetic variability present in a single population for tolerance to an environmental stressor. We examined the amount of genetic variability among full- and half-sib families in a single population of southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala) with respect to their tolerance to lethal concentrations of the agricultural chemical, carbaryl. Analysis of time-to-death data indicated significant differences among full-sib families and suggests a large amount of variability present in the responses to this environmental stressor. Significant differences in responses among half-sib families indicated that there is additive genetic variance. The...
Fighting the Tide: Alternative Trade Organizations in the Era of Global Free Trade

Abstract This paper explores the proliferation of Fair Trade organizations, their products, services and client groups in order to establish the impact of this movement. Although small in volume, alternative trade represents a unique response to the relentless pursuit of free trade through the GATT/WTO process. The economic underpinnings of both Fair Trade and subsidy programs in general (such as the EU's Stabilization of Exchange system) are evaluated. Ultimately, alternative trade can provide significant assistance to targeted groups within developing countries, including gains in production and export proficiency. On the negative side, Fair Trade is likely to prolong the dependence of developing countries on products with poor future prospects.
Correcting for measurement error in the analysis of case-control data with repeated measurements of exposure

The authors present a technique for correcting for exposure measurement error in the analysis of case-control data when subjects have a variable number of repeated measurements, and the average is used as the subject's measure of exposure. The true exposure as well as the measurement error are assumed to be normally distributed. The method transforms each subject's observed average by a factor which is a function of the measurement error parameters, prior to fitting the logistic regression model. The resulting logistic regression coefficient estimate based on the transformed average is corrected for error. A bootstrap method for obtaining confidence intervals for the true regression coefficient, which takes into account the variability due to estimation of the measurement error parameters, is also described. The method is applied to data from a nested case-control study of hormones and breast cancer.
An empirical examination of strategic sourcing dominant logic: Strategic sourcing centricity

Abstract Recently, much of the thought in strategic sourcing, i.e., dominant logic, has shifted away from the exchange of tangible goods and toward the exchange of intangibles, specialized skills and knowledge, and processes. This study refers to strategic sourcing dominant logic as strategic sourcing centricity (SSC) and describes it as a sourcing management′s mindset based on learning, performance, planning, and relational orientations and manifests itself in the implementation of SS to meet supply management objectives and satisfy stakeholder requirements. Building on insights on intangibility derived from resource-based theory (RBV), the study proposes and empirically tests strategic sourcing centricity (SSC). The authors test the operational measures of SSC dimensions and its impact on performance on a sample of 174 supply management executives. The results indicate strong support for the theorized framework. Managerial implications and future research agenda are provided.
Possible mechanism for transitions in wavy Taylor-vortex flow

We studied a sequence of transitions between wavy-vortex-flow states with $m=3$, in which a vortex pair was gained or lost. We found that the local-vortex pair width $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ became nonuniform as the Reynolds number was increased. Transitions occurred when the local $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ was larger (smaller) near the center (ends) than the stability limit for the underlying Taylor vortex flow, extrapolated into the wavy-vortex-flow regime.
Families of children with 5p- (cri du chat) syndrome: familial stress and sibling reactions

This research examined family stress and sibling reactions in families of children with 5p- (cri du chat) syndrome aged 1 to 18 years who were living at home. In Study 1, 99 parents reported on themselves and their child with 5p-, as well as on family demographics, social supports, and stress. The best predictor of familial stress was the child's amount of maladaptive behavior, accounting for 12 to 38% of the variance across different stress measures. In Study 2, sibling concerns were examined in 44 unaffected siblings. The major finding was that parents and siblings disagreed on the extent of the siblings' interpersonal concerns. Parents reported that siblings felt ignored and misunderstood, whereas siblings themselves rated these concerns at much lower levels.
Foreign Body Obstruction Preventing Blind Nasal Intubation

A healthy young male patient was scheduled for dental care under nasotracheal intubated general anesthesia. The presence of a plastic calculator key complicated the intubation. This case report describes the event and reviews some possible techniques for coping with an airway that becomes obstructed by a foreign object.
Remarks on q-space MR propagator in partially restricted, axially-symmetric, and isotropic environments.

The problem of reconstruction of an apparent propagator from a series of diffusion-attenuated magnetic resonance (MR) signals is revisited. In nonimaging acquisitions, the inverse Fourier transform of the MR signal attenuation is consistent with the notion of an ensemble average propagator. However, in image acquisitions where one is interested in quantifying a displacement distribution in every voxel of the image, the propagator derived in the traditional way may lead to a counter-intuitive profile when it is nonsymmetric, which could be a problem in partially restricted environments. By exploiting the reciprocity of the diffusion propagator, an alternative is introduced, which implies a forward Fourier transform of the MR signal attenuations yielding a propagator reflected around the origin. Two simple problems were considered as examples. In the case of diffusion in the proximity of a restricting barrier, the reflected propagator yields a more meaningful result, whereas in the case of curving fibers, the original propagator is more intuitive. In the final section of the article, two more one-dimensional transformations are introduced, which enable the reconstruction of two- and three-dimensional propagators in, respectively, axially symmetric and isotropic environments — in both cases, from one-dimensional q-space MR data. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Lattice dynamics of solid neon at 6.5 and 23.7 K

The low-frequency phonons of fcc neon have been studied along the high-symmetry directions at both 6.5 and 23.7 K (melting point, 24.6 K) using inelastic neutron scattering on a stress-free single crystal grown at a pressure near one bar. At 23.7 K the zero-sound-wave velocities are approximately 2.5% larger than the first-sound-wave velocities measured by Brillouin scattering. The sign of the result here is as expected and compares well with the expected larger difference of approximately 5% which was found in krypton at 114 K (melting point, 115.8 K). At 6.5 K with a lattice spacing of 4.466\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002 \AA{}, the phonon measurements are in excellent agreement with previous measurements on a clamped crystal with the stated lattice spacing 4.454\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002 \AA{}; the data show a frequency shift of (1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)%, whereas the calculated volume difference assuming a Gr\"uneisen constant of 3 would suggest a shift of (2.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)% (the present measurements are the first phonon measurements done on a neon sample with the equilibrium lattice parameter). An analysis of the data giving the long-wavelength elastic properties is presented. The integrated intensities of the peaked responses were also studied at 23.7 K and are shown to behave anomalously; this behavior has been found in studies of other quantum crystals indicating the existence of substantial multiphonon scattering and interference effects.
Polysiloxane-based Organoclay Nanocomposites as Flame Retardants

Polydimethylsiloxane-aromatic dianhydride copolymers (PS-Oxy-PAA and PS-DAH-PAA) were blended through several techniques with organoclays Cloisite 30B, 10A and Na+ ranging from 1 to 5 wt.%. Thermal and flame-retardant analysis revealed an in-situ blending approach was optimal, which led to the generation of a nanocomposite, PS-Oxy-PAA/30B (5 wt.%), with comparable heat release capacity (170.5 J/g-K) and total heat release (12.0 kJ/g) as seen with some commercial polymers. Concomittant dispersion and FTIR analyses revealed that the enhanced thermal stability observed with PS-Oxy-PAA/30B (5 wt.%) is not dispersion related, since the organoclay was exfoliated in all composites formed. The driving force is the interaction between the carbonyl groups of the PS-Oxy-PAA and the hydroxyl groups of the organoclay, which is limited in all other cases. These results suggest judicious selection of organoclay and siloxane copolymers can faciliate the design of new environmentally safe, heat processible, nonhalogenated...
The Work Autonomy Scales: Additional Validity Evidence

Recently, Breaugh (1985) developed an instrument that measures three facets, i.e., method, scheduling, and criteria, of work autonomy. This paper presents the results of several analyses designed to evaluate the construct validity of these work autonomy scales. One set of analyses involved the use of confirmatory factor analysis to assess the underlying factor structure of the three work autonomy facet measures. Both indices for assessing the fit of a theoretical model confirmed that a three-facet autonomy model clearly fits the sample data. A second set of analyses involved subgroup comparisons. As predicted, unionized employees reported less autonomy in all three areas than non-union workers. Also as hypothesized, individuals in supervisory positions reported having more autonomy than those not in supervisory positions. The paper also reports a number of additional analyses relevant to the construct validity of the work autonomy scales. When the results reported in this paper are taken in combination wi...
A comparison of two evidential reasoning schemes

Abstract Gordon and Shortliffe [2] advocate the use of Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory in the evidence-gathering process. It is stated that they are unaware of any formal model which could allow inexact reasoning at whatever level of abstraction. Pearl [3] later shows how evidential reasoning can be conducted in the same hypothesis space using a Bayesian model. The purpose of this note is to examine the difference between these two schemes, and to point out certain inconsistencies of this Bayesian model with the motives behind the use of the D-S model.
RGS proteins: more than just GAPs for heterotrimeric G proteins.

Abstract Members of the newly described RGS family of proteins have a common RGS domain that contains GTPase-activating activity for many Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. Their ability to dampen signalling via Gα i -, Gα q - and Gα 12/13 -coupled pathways makes them crucial players in mediating the multitude of cellular processes controlled by heterotrimeric G proteins. Some RGS proteins also contain additional motifs that link them to other signalling networks, where they constitute effector-type molecules. This review summarizes recent findings on RGS proteins, especially those that implicate RGS proteins in more than just enhancing the GTPase activity of their Gα subunit targets.
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THREE DESCRIPTIVE METHODS: IMPLICATIONS FOR BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT

This study compared the outcomes of three descriptive analysis methods-the ABC method, the conditional probability method, and the conditional and background probability method-to each other and to the results obtained from functional analyses. Six individuals who had been diagnosed with developmental delays and exhibited problem behavior participated. Functional analyses indicated that participants' problem behavior was maintained by social positive reinforcement (n = 2), social negative reinforcement (n = 2), or automatic reinforcement (n = 2). Results showed that for all but 1 participant, descriptive analysis outcomes were similar across methods. In addition, for all but 1 participant, the descriptive analysis outcome differed substantially from the functional analysis outcome. This supports the general finding that descriptive analysis is a poor means of determining functional relations.
Living in the grey area: a case for data sharing in observational epidemiology.

In 2001, Injury Prevention journal published a paper by Macpherson and colleagues looking at the effect of a bicycle helmet ordinance on bicycle ridership in East York, Ontario, Canada.1 The questions addressed by the authors are important. While helmet laws may be enacted to promote helmet use and reduce bicycle-related injury, they could easily have unintended and undesirable consequences. Critics point out that helmet laws may send a message that cycling is inherently dangerous and could dissuade riders. In addition, there may be others who will choose not to ride if wearing a helmet is perceived as uncomfortable, cumbersome or costly. These potential effects on ridership must be acknowledged, measured and—if needed—mitigated. Active transportation through cycling is a promising strategy for building physical activity into daily life, directly addressing the public health burden of overweight and obesity, and reducing carbon emissions.2 Thus, any benefits from a law intended to prevent injury must be weighed against its effects on competing public health priorities and the interests of private citizens. Macpherson's paper measured ridership in one area before and after enactment of a helmet law and suggested that, in fact, the law had very little impact on the number of child cyclists. These data were also the focus of her 2003 PhD thesis.3 In 2003, Robinson published a research letter in Injury Prevention critical of Macpherson's findings.4 She argued that the study was sited in a jurisdiction where helmet laws were not enforced, that the total number of observations was small and that substantial year-to-year variability in ridership might be driven by variation in sites chosen for observation, date and time of day observed, and average weather conditions. Macpherson and colleagues, in a reply, attempted to address these concerns and called for more study. In a …
New Electromagnetic Directed Energy Pulses

New electromagnetic directed energy pulse train (EDEPT) solutions of Maxwell's equations have been obtained. One particular solution, the modified power spectrum (MPS) pulse, will be described in detail. This pulse can be tailored to give directed energy transfer in space in such a manner that theoretically it beats the diffraction limit. These EDEPT solutions are not physically pathological and can be reconstructed from causal Green's functions. They represent fields that recover their initial amplitudes along the direction of propagation out to extremely large distances from their initial location. Moreover, these fields appear to be launchable from finite aperture antennas.
Disk-noise induced peak jitters in high density recording

Peak jitters due to various sources of disk noise are estimated, and it is shown that for the present experimental environment, transition noise is most important, followed by similar contributions from both background and edge noise. As the trackwidth is reduced, the resultant disk noise exhibits a gradual 1/ square root RW behavior if edge noise is not present, but a much more rapid 1/RW behavior if edge noise is present. These findings highlight the importance of eliminating edge noise in narrow track recording with write-wide read-narrow configurations. Results show that due to the early onset of edge noise contributions towards the track edges, a sizeable read-write margin might be needed to avoid noise contributions in narrow track recording. >
Creativity and cognition in engineering design: theoretical and pedagogical issues

This workshop will bring together researchers from the engineering design, engineering learning, and creativity communities to explore emerging theoretical and pedagogical issues related to creativity and cognition in engineering design. The need to produce a creative engineering workforce for the 21st century is well recognized. This workshop will help bridge the study of creativity (what is creativity in an engineering context) and cognition (how do engineering students become or act creatively). This workshop will lead to a framework for future research and strategies to prepare creative engineers.
A Theory of Hadronic Structure

We show that the Euclidean vacuum in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) can be regarded as a four-dimensional ensemble of permanent color magnetic dipoles (instantons and meron pairs), with a positive paramagnetic susceptibility. Standard techniques are used to discuss the interactions of this medium for moderate densities. In the presence of color fields (due to quarks), large scale instantons (and other fluctuations) are suppressed, the density is low, and the system is easily treated. Below a critical field strength, this dilute phase is unstable and a first-order phase transition occurs to a dense phase consisting of closely packed instantons and merons, and possibly other things. In this dense phase, we believe that the permeability is infinite (perfect paramagnetism) and thus the normal QCD vacuum cannot tolerate color fields. This leads to a strikingly simple baglike picture of hadrons, as consisting of quarks confined to a region of space-time which is in a very dilute (abnormal) vacuum phase, in equilibrium with the dense vacuum (normal) phase outside the bag. The quarks are confined to the region of dilute phase where their dynamics are simple; and, as we show, they are shielded from the large-scale fluctuations outside the bag. We present a derivation of the static bag for heavy quarks and an estimate (to within a factor of two) of the bag constant. We further discuss some features of the resulting bag model including chiral-symmetry breaking and surface effects.
Granule Structure Evolution during Powder Compaction

Die compaction of granulated powder is a common forming process used in the ceramics industry. Glass spheres were used as a model system to investigate granule failure during die compaction. Since glass spheres are brittle, failure results in fragmentation. Particle size analysis of the resulting fragments demonstrates the statistical nature of granule failure during compaction, with some granules failing at very low applied pressures while a large fraction persist at even the highest applied loads. The results are discussed in terms of the Andreasen, Furnas and Dinger-Funk particle packing models for continuous size distributions.
Business Intelligence Case Study: Hotel Taxes Receipts

This case is based upon consulting projects the author has conducted for both corporate and governmental groups. Many governmental agencies now provide large amounts of data for use by their constituents. It is very effective to use this live data in a classroom environment instead of that provided by textbooks and/or publishers. This case describes a process whereby the use of business intelligence in many forms could be used for the solution. The state of Texas Comptroller's office currently collects information concerning hotel taxes receipts that not only details remittances to both the state and local governments, they are also required to use the same data to predict the next years hotel tax receipts for use in a state budget. This case allows the professor to discuss or actually develop a solution. Since the data is provided in a rotating thirteen month cycle, solutions will never be numerically equivalent each time the course is taught.
When adolescent girls say, "I don't know".

Abstract Study Objective To understand adolescent girls' use of “I don't know” within the context of discussing information related to sexual attitudes and behaviors. Design Qualitative analysis of seven focus groups with adolescent girls. Setting Urban primary care clinic. Participants Adolescent girls (n = 23) with a mean age of 16.4 years (range 14 to 18 years). Fifty-two percent were African-American, 26% were Caucasian, 17% were Hispanic/Latino, and 5% were Asian. Results The use of “I don't know” served three functions: (1) place holder, (2) lack of commitment to an opinion; and (3) reduction of commitment to an opinion or belief. Conclusions These results suggest that girls use “I don't know” when asked about their thoughts and opinions related to sexual health, and that its use can have varying implications. Discriminating the intent may help providers respond appropriately. Responses should include providing a safe and nonjudgmental environment in which girls can express their feelings and opinions regarding their sexual health.
Task Directed Sensing

High-level robot control research must confront the limitations imposed by real sensors if robots are to be controlled effectively in the real world. In particular, sensor limitations make it impossible to maintain a complete, detailed world model of the situation surrounding the robot. To address the problems involved in planning with the resulting incomplete and uncertain world models, traditional robot control architectures must be altered significantly. Task-directed sensing and control is suggested as a way of coping with world model limitations by focusing sensing and analysis resources on only those parts of the world relevant to the robot's active goals. The RAP adaptive execution system is used as an example of a control architecture designed to deploy sensing resources in this way to accomplish both action and knowledge goals.
Content-based retrieval of remote-sensed images using vector quantization

A new approach of using the VQ codewords as the remote sensed image features for content- based retrieval is proposed in this research. Different distortion measures are tried in the VQ stage to enhance the performance of the codewords as 'content descriptors' including classification accuracy. A system based approach has been taken to ensure that the features satisfy the different criteria imposed by a whole system. We implemented two main types of queries--query by class and query by value. The performance with respect to the former query was satisfactory while that for the latter query was excellent.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Generating terahertz signals in 65nm CMOS with negative-resistance resonator boosting and selective harmonic suppression

Terahertz signals have been successfully generated in 65nm CMOS by: 1) stacking a negative-resistance resonator in parallel to the conventional resonant tank to boost the fundamental oscillation to 0.22 THz; and by 2) selectively suppressing the odd and 2nd harmonics to boost the 4th and 6th harmonics in the terahertz regime. Consequently, we have detected 4th and 6th harmonic signals through on-chip antenna radiation at 0.87 and 1.31 THz, respectively, by using a Michelson interferometer. To our best knowledge, this is the first time a signal beyond 1 THz is generated by silicon based semiconductor.
Expansionist Theory Expanded: Integrating Sociological and Psychological Perspectives on Gender, Work, and Family Change

The expansionist approach continues to offer a powerful framework for recognizing the benefits of blending paid work and caretaking, but it remains undeveloped. I propose to expand the argument by adding a sociological perspective that focuses on the social contexts that either enable or inhibit the integration of paid work and family tasks. Drawing on my research with several generations of American women and men, I show that the successful blending of work and caretaking depends on having supportive social contexts at home and in the workplace. To adequately address the theoretical and policy challenges of the still-unfolding gender revolution, we need to refine our theories of work–family change to take account of the varying resources people possess and to develop social policies that address the institutional obstacles to successfully integrating work and care.
Applied Scale Development: Measurement Of Store Image

The paper discusses the need for the development of measures that can be used in an applied domain. It suggests that applied scales differ from scales used for scientific research in several ways. The paper presents an applied scale developed for use by retail managers to assess store image. Unlike previous research, the priorities used in the development of the scale included the applicability of the scale by store managers.
WAR PICTURES: THE GROTESQUE AS A MOBILIZING TACTIC *

†This article examines the uses and effects of grotesque imagery in the antislavery and antiabortion movements and considers implications for theories of movement framing and mobilization. Grotesque images can produce strong emotions that may increase the resonance of movement frames and provide physiological “evidence” of immorality. Such images may also produce confusion and ambiguity that deeply engages readers or viewers and potentially breaks frames. But grotesque images can also be counterproductive for activists. They can cause readers or viewers to turn away in disgust, and their use can taint activists as prurient, irrational, uncivil, or manipulative. Finally, the effects of grotesque images are likely to vary across audiences, social contexts, and the skill of the activists that deploy them. The use of shocking and gruesome images has been a much remarked-upon feature of the antiabortion movement in the Untied States. But such images have been utilized by many other movements as well, including those against slavery, racial oppression, child labor, war, nuclear weapons, alcohol, drunk driving, tobacco, pornography, immigration, and the mistreatment of animals. In this article, we examine uses of such images in the antiabortion and antislavery movements and consider implications for theories of movement framing and mobilization. Utilizing the literary and artistic concept of “the grotesque”—images of distorted bodies and the border between human and inhuman—we argue that this aesthetic technique is available to most moral movements and discuss its tactical strengths and weaknesses. Over the last twenty years, scholars of social movements have made great strides in understanding the cultural frames that movements use to diagnose social problems, identify targets of action, and mobilize adherents (Benford and Snow 2000; Snow and Benford 1988; Snow, Rochford, Worden, and Benford 1986). Our analysis of the grotesque in the antiabortion and antislavery movements advances this literature in three ways. First, it builds on recent work on the role of emotions in social movements and framing processes (Aminzade and McAdam 2002; Goodwin, Jasper, and Polletta 2001; Jasper 1997; Jasper 1998; Yang 2000a). Second, it examines not just the content of frames, but their aesthetic techniques. In doing so, it builds on a growing body of work that utilizes concepts from literary and aesthetic theory to analyze social movements (Jasper 1997; Kane 2001; Polletta 2007; Somers 1994; Steinberg 1998). Finally, we suggest that the grotesque is not only an available framing technique, but it can also break frames (Goffman 1974: 345). By provoking strong, often contradictory, emotions and challenging natural and social categories, the grotesque may provoke feelings of confusion and ambiguity that may aid mobilization.
Remotely Triggered Activation of TGF- With Magnetic Nanoparticles

Growth factors or cytokines have demonstrated the potential to alter and manipulate the biological activity of cells via binding and activation of cell surface receptors. Changes induced by cytokines can range from simple changes in the cellular motility and proliferation to more complex biological actions, such as stem-cell differentiation. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) exhibits the typical functionality of a growth factor, as it is pleiotropic and causes myriad responses in a number of cell types. This multifunctional nature gives the TGF-β a great potential for therapeutic applicationsparticularly in regenerative medicine. However, this multifunctionality till now has limited its usage in vivo, since upon injection, the cytokine may activate nefarious signaling pathways, such as those associated with tumor formation. In addition to this problem, the short half-lives of cytokines also places constraints on their delivery, as the majority of the injected biomolecule will not have a sufficient biological lifetime to reach the desired target location. Therefore, the methods of targeting the growth factors to specific sites in the body will prove crucial to their successful clinical implementation. Here, we describe a novel growth-factor targeting and activation strategy based on the delivery of energy from external alternating magnetic fields to magnetic nanoparticles to which a latent TGF-β has been conjugated. We demonstrate the successful conjugation of a latent TGF-β to the surface of poly(ethylene glycol)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, and subsequent triggered release of an active TGF-β from its latent complex on the application of an external radio frequency magnetic field. This preliminary study highlights the potential of magnetic activation to remotely control the TGF-β activity in vivo, reducing the dangerous off-target side effects and offering a path to clinical implementation of this growth factor for regenerative medicine applications.
The unique proline-rich domain of parotid proline-rich proteins functions in secretory sorting

When expressed in pituitary AtT-20 cells, parotid proline-rich proteins enter the regulated pathway. Because the short N-terminal domain of a basic proline-rich protein is necessary for efficient export from the ER, it has not been possible to evaluate the role of this polypeptide segment as a sorting signal for regulated secretion. We now show that addition of the six-amino acid propeptide of proparathyroid hormone to the proline-rich protein, and especially to a deletion mutant lacking the N-terminal domain, dramatically accelerates intracellular transport of these polypeptides. Under these conditions the chimeric deletion mutant is stored as effectively as the full-length protein in dense core granules. The propeptide does not function as a sorting signal in AtT-20 cells as it does not reroute a constitutively secreted reporter protein to the regulated pathway. During transit, the propeptide is cleaved from the chimeric polypeptides such that the original structures of the full-length and the deletion mutant proline-rich proteins are reestablished. We have also found that the percentage stimulated secretion of the proline-rich proteins increases incrementally (almost twofold) as their level of expression is elevated. The increase reflects an enrichment of these polypeptides in the granule pool and its incremental nature suggests that sorting of proline-rich proteins involves an aggregation-based process. Because we can now rule out contributions to sorting by both N- and C-terminal segments of the proline-rich protein, we deduce that the unique proline-rich domain is responsible for storage. Thus at least some of the determinants of sorting for regulated secretion are protein-specific rather than universal.
rac-5-Bromo-N-benzyl­isatincreatinine ethanol monosolvate

In the title compound [systematic name: rac-1-benzyl-5-bromo-3-hy­droxy-3-(2-imino-3-methyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-one ethanol monosolvate], C19H17BrN4O3·C2H5OH, which crystallized as a racemate (RR and SS), the isatin ring is almost planar, with an r.m.s. deviations from the mean plane of 0.0276 (14) A. The phenyl ring of the benzyl group makes a dihedral angle with the mean plane of the isatin ring of 87.40 (5)° and the dihedral angle between the imidazole and isatin rings is 58.56 (7)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into two-dimensional pleated-sheet networks in the ac plane formed by O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds; within these sheets there are R44(10) rings that involve three mol­ecules of the title compound and a single ethanol solvent mol­ecule. In addition, there are π–π inter­actions between inversion-related benzyl groups, with an inter­planar spacing of 3.444 (3) A.
Carbon-13 NMR of Poly(Butadiene)

Abstract By using the carbon-13 NMR technique, it is shown that there are no cis-1,4-trans-1,4 linkages in an n-BuLi-catalyzed poly (butadiene). The polymer consists of “blocks” of cis-1,4 units and trans-1,4 units separated by isolated vinyl units. Preliminary evidence suggests this might also be true for other types of 1,3-diene polymerization. Some of the implications of this finding on the mechanism of polymerization are discussed. Tacticity triad distributions are readily determined in poly(butadiene)s with high 1,2 addition contents.
Do Cyborgs Desire Their Own Subjection? Thinking Anthropology With Cinematic Science Fiction

Primarily a thought experiment, this essay explores how cinematic cyborgs and anthropological approaches to personhood and subjectivity might be theorized together. The 1980s and 1990s showed consi...
Excess and Access: Consensus on the American Civil Justice Landscape

This report highlights areas of substantial agreement among attorneys and judges as revealed in four recent studies. The following groups were surveyed: American College of Trial Lawyers; American Bar Association Section of Litigation; National Employment Lawyers Association; state and federal trial judges. Together, the survey results represent the opinions of approximately 6,800 legal professional nationwide. These opinions can be generalized to the larger groups from which they come, which collective membership numbering in the tens of thousands. The surveys asked general questions about the American civil justice process. Focusing on consistencies among the four populations suggests a plausible theory: cost inefficiencies in the civil justice process reduce court access, delay contributes to unnecessary cost, and discovery procedure is a key factor with respect to both cost and delay. The survey results provide a starting point for further research on such a theory and on how the process might be improved without affecting fairness.
Estimation of the Relative Protein Cost of Reproduction in Birds

Recent field studies on the Red-billed Quelea (Quelea quelea; Jones and Ward 1976, 1979), Cackling Geese (Branta canadensis minima; Raveling 1979), and Graybacked Camaroptera (Camaroptera brevicaudata; Fogden and Fogden 1979) have suggested that protein, rather than energy, is the limiting constituent for reproduction in these species. One of the difficulties in evaluating the relative protein requirement for reproduction, as King (1973) and Ricklefs (1974) have done with energy, is the lack of a suitable baseline for comparison. While basal metabolic rate is a useful baseline in energy evaluations, no estimate of the minimal protein requirement for wild birds has been made. Consequently, I have attempted to estimate a baseline protein requirement in order to compare the energy and protein incremental costs for reproduction.