cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On-line textile designing

Woven fabric is formed from two sets of threads such that all the threads in one set are parallel to each other and perpendicular to all threads in the other set. The set of threads which run the length of the fabric is called the warp; the set of crosswise threads is called the weft. These two sets of threads are interwoven to form a mesh which is called a web. The design of a woven fabric originates with an artist's sketch. Since the threads within each set remain parallel to each other, any curved or non-rectilinear lines in the artist's sketch must be represented by series of vertical or horizontal line segments in the woven fabric. Therefore, the fabric design is an approximation of the artist's sketch. The finer the web, i.e., the more threads per inch, the better the approximation will be.
An Additional Source of Data on Northeastern Illinois Woodlands around the Time of Settlement

Abstract A new source of data on early postsettlement woodlands, witness trees in woodlot subdivision surveys, is described. Subdivision surveys of Thorn Grove, Will County, Illinois (1848–1856), using 92 witness trees, are compared to the presettlement 1834 Public Land Survey (PLS) including the same area. The woodland described in the subdivision surveys was richer in species, lower in density and composed of smaller trees than the woodland described in the PLS. Decreased density and tree size suggest beginning deforestation, but surveyor bias is a possibility.
Marketing strategy influences optimum marketing date of steers in relation to corn price and days on feed1

ABSTRACT Seven trials conducted at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln feeding similar diets were used to evaluate HCW change over the feeding period and to determine the influence of corn price on profit potential on a finished BW and HCW basis. Regression analysis of DP change over the feeding period was used to calculate HCW gain and HCW transfer in relation to BW gain. Economics were calculated with diet costs at $3.50, $5.50, and $7.50/25.4 kg corn price and cattle marketed at 75, 100 (1.2 cm of backfat), and 125% days on feed on both a BW and HCW basis. Results of the analysis demonstrate HCW increased quadratically (P
Evaluating Models of Attitude Structure

Models of attitude structure differ primarily in the specification of the relationship of the cognitive and affective components. Two approaches to this relationship, based on cognitive consistency...
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate. Report of a case.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate is a rare but distinctive variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma. A review of 725 cases of carcinoma of the prostate yielded only the single case reported in this paper. The tumor is histologically identical to adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland and breast. Whereas the myoepithelial cell is probably the cell of origin of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, the presence of the myoepithelial cell in human prostate has not been established. Transurethral resection of the tumor has resulted in a three-year asymptomatic period for the patient. Further studies are needed to establish the cell of origin and clinical behavior of this morphologically distinctive prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Analysis of methods for predicting near-magnification power.

Background Data were analyzed from 25 consecutive patient visits to the Low Vision Rehabilitation Service at Southern College of Optometry, during which magnification for near was recommended. Methods Linear regressions with analysis of variances were calculated for the results obtained from four near-different near-magnification prediction-calculation methods to determine how accurately they predicted the final near recommended magnifications. A t-test was performed to look for mean differences between calculation methods. Results No significance was found between the means of three of the calculation methods; a significant difference was found for one. However, all four near-magnification calculation methods significantly predicted final near magnification. Conclusions Low-vision rehabilitation clinicians may feel comfortable using any of the four near-magnification methods Choice of method may be a reflection of previous method usage by the clinician. Use of the Lighthouse Near Acuity Test Chart reduces the need to calculate the near-magnification power with which to begin near-magnification testing.
Impedance modeling and verification of a dual active bridge (DAB) DC/DC converter enabled DC microgrid in FREEDM system

This paper investigates the terminal impedance characteristics of the dual active bridge (DAB) DC/DC converter enabled DC microgrid. In this system, the DAB converters are employed not only in the solid state transformer (SST) to enable the DC microgrid, but also to integrate the distributed energy storage device (DESD). Although the same topology is used, the output impedance of the DAB converters are different from each other due to various control schemes utilized, thus different effect on system stability. In addition, the optimized system power management strategy requires mode transition of the DESD, which also results in different output impedance. Therefore, the output impedance of the DAB converters together with the rear-end inverter are derived considering the aforementioned control flexibility. The obtained analytical impedance information is verified by comparing with the measured results from circuit perturbation. In addition, the impedance characteristics of each DAB converter is analyzed, which can be further used to evaluate system stability, and formulate a system-level stability-oriented design methodology.
Post-Broadcast Democracy: Conditional Political Learning

Political information and exposure to news motivate people to go to the polls. In the media environment dominated by broadcast television, many Americans watched the news. Some viewers turned on the news out of a strong interest in politics and public affairs. Others happened to be watching television and took the path of least resistance to the next entertainment opportunity: Do not leave the couch, do not turn the dial. For many of these less politically interested viewers, exposure to a few newscasts each week made just the difference between voting and not voting. As the media environment changed, they could find content more to their liking than news. As a result, they stayed home on Election Day. This chapter begins to investigate the media environment's power to change whether and how people encounter politics and what they learn about it. Choice between different media content is the key variable for understanding the impact of changing media environments. In a low-choice environment, people's preferences have little power to influence media exposure. When choices abound, people do what they like best, so preferences drive exposure. The chapter introduces the theoretical framework and illustrates empirically its core mechanism, the impact of media choice on political involvement. I draw on past research and my own experimental demonstration of these mechanisms to explain the Conditional Political Learning model.
Shifts in the fluorescence lifetime of EGFP during bacterial phagocytosis measured by phase-sensitive flow cytometry

Phase-sensitive flow cytometry (PSFC) is a technique in which fluorescence excited state decay times are measured as fluorescently labeled cells rapidly transit a finely focused, frequency-modulated laser beam. With PSFC the fluorescence lifetime is taken as a cytometric parameter to differentiate intracellular events that are challenging to distinguish with standard flow cytometry. For example PSFC can report changes in protein conformation, expression, interactions, and movement, as well as differences in intracellular microenvironments. This contribution focuses on the latter case by taking PSFC measurements of macrophage cells when inoculated with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing E. coli. During progressive internalization of EGFP-E. coli, fluorescence lifetimes were acquired and compared to control groups. It was hypothesized that fluorescence lifetimes would correlate well with phagocytosis because phagosomes become acidified and the average fluorescence lifetime of EGFP is known to be affected by pH. We confirmed that average EGFP lifetimes consistently decreased (3 to 2 ns) with inoculation time. The broad significance of this work is the demonstration of how high-throughput fluorescence lifetime measurements correlate well to changes that are not easily tracked by intensity-only cytometry, which is affected by heterogeneous protein expression, cell-to-cell differences in phagosome formation, and number of bacterium engulfed.
A consistent implementation of the dual node approach for coupling surface-subsurface flow and its comparison to the common node approach

Commonly, the dual node approach for coupling surface-subsurface flow is conceptualized as a hydraulic separation of the surface and the subsurface by a distinct interface with a given thickness. Since such an interface is not supported by field observations, it has been argued that the dual node depends on a non-physical parameter in the form an ill-defined interface thickness. As such, the alternative common node approach is considered to be a more general and a more elegant approach since it is based on the physical principle of head continuity along the surface-subsurface interface. In this study, however, it is argued that if properly implemented, then the dual node approach is actually the more general, the more elegant as well as the more accurate approach. This insight is obtained by considering that the topmost subsurface nodal values represent the mean values within discrete control volumes and by deriving the dual node approach from equations that govern infiltration and infiltrability. It is shown that the dual node approach should be conceptualized as a simple one-sided first-order finite-difference to approximate the vertical subsurface hydraulic gradient at the land surface and that there is no need to assume a hydraulic separation between the two flow domains by a distinct interface. Whereas a consistent properly implemented dual node approach is in agreement with the physical principle of head continuity at the land surface, it is shown that the common node approach is not. Studies that have compared the two coupling approaches have been based on improperly implemented dual node approaches. As such, this study presents a re-evaluation of how the common node compares to the dual node approach. Cell-centered as well as vertex-centered schemes are considered.
Effectiveness and feasibility of a 10-minute employee stress intervention: Outdoor Booster Break

ABSTRACTThere is a growing recognition that workplace environments affect employee health. Nature contact exposures in the workplace have been shown to be healthful for employees. This pilot study was designed to test the feasibility and efficacy of a daily outdoor work break (Outdoor Booster Break) compared to a daily indoor break. A census of university office staff was invited to participate (N = 244). Phase 1 focused on feasibility—participants (n = 119) reported that the Outdoor Booster Break was feasible (74%), practical (80%), and worthwhile (83%). During Phase II we used a single-site randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine the effects of an Outdoor Booster Break—compared with a control indoor work break group—for 4 weeks on employee stress. Perceived stress was measured at pretest and posttest for both conditions. Mean posttest stress scores were lower for both the control group (n = 19) and the treatment group (n = 18). A main effects ANCOVA model controlling for baseline stress revealed po...
Asserting the Ineffable: Rhetorical Appropriation of ‘Poetic’ and the Contemporary Poetry Text

An elusive, trace-like entity, ‘poetic’ presents itself in the form of an intangible and yet indispensable relation, or relatedness, in the overall dynamics of information transformation. Paradoxic...
Controlling the composition, phase volume, and viscosity of microemulsions with cosolvent

Abstract Optimizing macroscopic properties of microemulsions (volume, composition, and viscosity) is tedious and often involves the use of an alcohol. We show that this optimization is possible when the alcohol acts as cosolvent (rather than a cosurfactant) to partition between the interface and bulk phases(s). Herein presented a phase behavior study of water, crude oil, tridecyl alcohol propoxy sulfate (C13-13PO-SO4), internal olefin sulfonate (C20-24IOS), and ethoxylated phenol (phenol-2EO) mixtures, rationalized by pseudophase theory and pseudoternary phase diagram. The detailed phase behavior study involved varying the surfactant concentration, cosolvent concentration, brine salinity, and oil content. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the interfacial composition and steady and dynamic rheology to characterize the bicontinuous middle-phase samples. Measurements confirmed that phenol-2EO acted as cosolvent. A systematic shift of phase type is observed by increasing the cosolvent-to-surfactant content in the initial water/surfactant solution. Furthermore, it was observed that the interfacial ratio of cosolvent to surfactant controls the microemulsion composition, viscosity, and volume. This ratio is highly tunable, but when too high, a distortion of the middle phase is observed. The experimental results provide a methodology to tailor the composition of amphiphile mixture for optimizing microemulsion properties.
Economic Incentives in the Socially Optimal Management of Infectious Disease: When [Formula: see text] is Not Enough.

Does society benefit from encouraging or discouraging private infectious disease-risk mitigation? Private individuals routinely mitigate infectious disease risks through the adoption of a range of precautions, from vaccination to changes in their contact with others. Such precautions have epidemiological consequences. Private disease-risk mitigation generally reduces both peak prevalence of symptomatic infection and the number of people who fall ill. At the same time, however, it can prolong an epidemic. A reduction in prevalence is socially beneficial. Prolongation of an epidemic is not. We find that for a large class of infectious diseases, private risk mitigation is socially suboptimal—either too low or too high. The social optimum requires either more or less private mitigation. Since private mitigation effort depends on the cost of mitigation and the cost of illness, interventions that change either of these costs may be used to alter mitigation decisions. We model the potential for instruments that affect the cost of illness to yield net social benefits. We find that where a disease is not very infectious or the duration of illness is short, it may be socially optimal to promote private mitigation effort by increasing the cost of illness. By contrast, where a disease is highly infectious or long lasting, it may be optimal to discourage private mitigation by reducing the cost of disease. Society would prefer a shorter, more intense, epidemic to a longer, less intense epidemic. There is, however, a region in parameter space where the relationship is more complicated. For moderately infectious diseases with medium infectious periods, the social optimum depends on interactions between prevalence and duration. Basic reproduction numbers are not sufficient to predict the social optimum.
Author Correction: Tunable two-dimensional interfacial coupling in molecular heterostructures

We regretfully omitted to give credit to a previous figure upon which the surface-tension scheme in Fig. 1b is based. The caption to Fig. 1 should have included the following: "The surface-tension scheme in Fig. 1b is adapted from Fig. 1a in Noh, J., Jeong, S. & Lee, J.-Y. Ultrafast formation of air-processable and high-quality polymer films on an aqueous substrate. Nat. Commun. 7, 12374 (2016)."
Case Study: Early Childbearing and Contraceptive Use Among Rural Egyptian Teens

Lack of knowledge and cultural issues are the main barriers to contraceptive use and family planning among Egyptian women. This phenomenon is more common and predominant in rural areas where families consider discussing sex education and contraceptive use to be totally inappropriate and shameful. Married couples also rarely discuss contraceptive use and family planning before marriage out of shyness and may discuss it only with precaution after getting married. This case study highlights the barriers to contraceptive use and the consequences among Egyptian teens in rural areas.
High-Speed Communication Up to 600 Mbps Over FDA-Cleared implantable Wirelines

The demand for sophisticated electronic interfaces between multiple implanted devices is increasing, demonstrated by recent work in neural prosthetics and peripheral neuromodulation. Biocompatibility, chronic use, and robust operation are major requirements in such systems. This manuscript reports on the design of transceiver circuits for fully implantable wireline communication using voltage-mode, charge-balanced signaling over FDA-cleared leads and connectors. A prototype system composed of FPGAs and other off-the-shelf hardware is demonstrated with in vitro measurements, achieving 400 Mbps communication over 12 dB of channel loss with 3.0 V signaling and 1000x improvement in power consumption and 1.5x improvement in data rate over the FPGA-based system. These rates are sufficient to communicate 2000 channels of neural recordings sampled with typical parameters.
Size dependent strengthening in high strength nanotwinned Al/Ti multilayers

Abstract Mechanical behavior of metallic multilayers has been intensively investigated. Here we report on the study of magnetron-sputtered highly textured Al/Ti multilayer films with various individual layer thicknesses (h = 1–90 nm). The hardness of Al/Ti multilayers increases monotonically with decreasing layer thickness without softening and exceeds 7 GPa, making it one of the strongest light-weight multilayer systems reported to date. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction pole figure analyses confirm the formation of high-density nanotwins and 9R phases in Al layers. The density of nanotwins and stacking faults scales inversely with individual layer thickness. In addition, there is an HCP-to-FCC phase transformation of Ti when h ≤ 4.5 nm. The high strength of Al/Ti multilayers primarily originates from incoherent layer interfaces, high-density twin boundaries, as well as stacking faults.
Modeling count data with marginalized zero-inflated distributions:

In this article, we present new commands for modeling count data using marginalized zero-inflated distributions. While we mainly focus on presenting new commands for estimating count data, we also ...
Using stream-side groundwater discharge for geochemical exploration in mountainous terrain

Abstract Groundwater chemistry has been predominantly used in geochemical exploration studies to identify mineralized targets concealed under transported cover in areas with gentle topography. Another potentially valuable application that has received little attention is using groundwater chemistry to identify deposits concealed within mountain ridges. A number of geochemical exploration studies have employed surface water chemistry in hilly and mountainous terrain and have demonstrated mixed success. However, groundwater chemistry is potentially a more refined and powerful tool because groundwater sample locations can be selected to target a specific hillslope zone, whereas surface water integrates the geochemical signature of the entire watershed area above the sample site. In this study, we propose an approach that utilizes shallow groundwater samples collected from near-stream, hand-installed sampling points. We tested this approach in Handcart Gulch, an unmined catchment in the Montezuma Mining District, Colorado, USA, where previous studies suggested the possible presence of a concealed mineral occurrence. Seventeen near-stream mini-boreholes were drilled in a stream-parallel 3.3-km-long transect to depths of ~2 m in ferricrete (iron-oxide cemented colluvium and alluvium) using a handheld rock-coring drill. Groundwater in the mini-boreholes was sampled for major and trace element chemistry, as well as environmental tracers including stable water isotopes, dissolved noble gases, helium isotopes, and tritium, to identify possible variations in groundwater age and recharge conditions/sources. Chemistry data delineate a well-defined 900-m-wide zone of elevated SO4, Cu, and other metal concentrations on the east side of the stream. In this zone, Cu concentrations up to 2670 μg/L are 1–3 orders of magnitude greater than concentrations in upstream and downstream areas. Environmental tracer data show no corresponding anomalies in groundwater age or recharge conditions/sources within the zone, suggesting that the source of the elevated metals is a change in bedrock mineralogy as opposed to other hydrologic factors. The groundwater samples therefore successfully identify and refine the location of a potential concealed high-Cu mineral occurrence in the watershed, demonstrating that near-stream groundwater discharge may be a valuable medium for geochemical exploration in mountainous areas.
Reproductive management of beef cattle

Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the reproductive management strategies and biotechnologies currently available to optimize reproductive performance of beef cattle. Reproductive failures have a major impact on beef production efficiency around the world; therefore, strategies that overcome these failures will have a major impact on global beef production. Within the main challenges impacting reproductive efficiency of beef cattle, the primary focus of the discussion will be associated with heifer development and puberty attainment, and postpartum anestrus of suckled beef cows. In addition, because 70% of the world's cattle population is located in tropical and subtropical regions of planet and is composed of predominantly Bos indicus breeds, the challenges associated with the physiological differences between B. indicus and Bos taurus cattle are also discussed in this chapter.
Decolonizing Urban Education

Drawing insights primarily from Ethnic Studies, this essay is broken into the following components: outlining the elusive task of defining urban; delineating three decolonizing moves in relation to...
Restoration of Spinal Motion: Conversion of Anterior Cervical Fusion With Pseudarthrosis to Artificial Disc Replacement.

ABSTRACT Background Describe the technique and outcomes of the conversion of prior anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with pseudarthrosis to an artificial disc replacement (ADR). Methods Case report. Five patients completed the following pain and function questionnaires at baseline and postoperatively: visual analog pain scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), PROMIS Emotional Distress-Depression Short Form-4a (P-EDD), PROMIS Pain Interference Short Form 6b (P-PI), and PROMIS Physical Function Short Form-10a (P-SF). Pseudarthrosis was diagnosed using computed tomography imaging of the cervical spine. The level of prior fusion with pseudarthrosis was remobilized after a standard anterior approach was made, and an artificial disc replacement was performed after revision discectomy. Results The conversion of fusion to ADR was successful in all 5 patients without intraoperative or postoperative complication or the need to perform revision fusion. The average follow-up duration was 12.4 months (range 6–24months). VAS improved on average (median) from 6 (6.0) to 2 (2.2), NDI improved from 23 (21) to 15 (17), P-EDD 4a improved from 11 (11) to 4 (4), and P-PI and P-SF improved from 23 (22) to 16 (19) and from 37 (35) to 41 (39.5), respectively. Radiographic range of motion increased at the fusion conversion level from an average of 1° ± 1.2° to 8.1° ± 4.6° after the insertion of the artificial disc replacement. Conclusions The reversal of ACDF and conversion to an artificial disc replacement is feasible and achieves postoperative range of motion that is similar to that achieved when performed in a segment not previously fused.
Understanding perovskite nanocrystal growth using in situ transient absorption spectroscopy

Transient absorption spectroscopy can measure exciton dynamics and provide insight into the electronic structure of nanocrystals (NCs). This spectroscopy, however, is typically limited by the long timescales required for acquisition of transient spectra, preventing the accurate measurement of systems that are not at a structural equilibrium. The structure of NCs changes during their synthesis on a shorter timescale than that required for measurement, making it difficult to study the evolving photophysics of NCs during growth. Here, we leverage a single-shot transient absorption (SSTA) spectrometer, capable of recording transient spectra with excellent signal-to-noise in less than a minute, to measure exciton dynamics in growing NCs. The presence of internal electric fields caused by surface-trapped carriers is evident in the TA lineshape, where a distinct Stark effect is observed revealing that growing NCs are poorly passivated. This work will enable a range of future experiments to study charge carrier behavior in rapidly evolving NC systems.
Regional Distributional Implications of COVID-19 on Housing Price Index and Investment Opportunities

I create a novel monthly county-level Housing Price Index (henceforth HPI) using Panel data from FHFA, which has quarterly data on HPI1 at CBSA2-level, originally based on Repeat-Sales methodology, a supply-side measure. The seller has a reservation price for selling a property because of the anchoring bias, rendering an upward pressure on the HPI. Since, Housing Stock supply is highly inelastic, hence, this HPI is not the equilibrium measure. I resort to the novel Facebook Social Connectivity Index (henceforth SCI) and determine the indicators for intra and inter-CBSA HPI changes, by interacting HPI with SCI weights which generate a self-replicating long-short investment strategy based on intra-CBSA deciles from the stretching of the spatial correlation intra-CBSA from the COVID-19 shock till the time this shock dwindles. These stark distributional implications for the county-level demand for housing from COVID-19 shock can be captured through the spatial correlation of SCI.
Heating Intravenous Fluid Tubing in an Experimental Setting for Prehospital Hypothermia.

Abstract Objective Hypothermia secondary to environmental exposure is a serious condition. Active external warming measures to treat it may prove challenging in the prehospital setting. We conducted an experimental study to measure the ability of commercially available heating elements to warm intravenous (IV) fluids during infusion. Methods 250-milliliter bags of dextrose 10% solution were suspended inside a refrigerator. IV tubing was coiled, and the tubing output was placed inside a thermally insulated cup. The tubing was heated directly with a hand warmer, a meals ready-to-eat heater, or a heating blanket. Fluids were run through the IV line. The temperature of the fluid at the tubing output was measured. The initial and final infusion temperatures for the methods were compared. Results The use of hand warmers, meals ready-to-eat heaters, and heating blankets to warm IV tubing did increase the temperature of the fluids but was ineffective at achieving the desired mean infusion temperature of 35°C to 42°C. Conclusion Although the mean temperature increase did not meet the established experimental threshold, further research is needed to determine whether the fluid warming effect of these commercial heating elements used in the prehospital environment is significant enough to limit heat loss while repleting the dextrose of a hypothermic, hypoglycemic patient.
Optimal Operation for Resilient and Economic Modes in an Islanded Alaskan Grid

Legacy energy management systems for distribution system or microgrids are typically driven by economics. During extreme events, resiliency can be defined as ability of the system to keep supplying critical loads. Resilient operation during extreme events (e.g. avalanche in Alaska) may require decision variables to be different and conflicting with economic operation. Operational objectives are driven by a complex consideration of the economic, reliable and resilient operation of the system: economic and reliable in normal operating state and resilient during extreme events. Challenge is to move between economic and resilient operation in optimal manner and setting up problem formulation and constraints specially with Distributed Eneregy Resources (DERs). In this paper, we focus on striking a balance between optimal economic and resilient operation using novel formulation and developed tool called Resiliency Enabled Energy System Operation Toolbox (RE-ESOT). Simulation results are provided for a real islanded grid in Alaska with battery energy systems.
Atomic Force and Electron Microscopic Investigations of Lead Selenide Crystals Grown under Monolayers

Lead selenide (PbSe) particulate films, composed of highly oriented, equilateral triangular crystals, have been in situ generated by the exposure of arachidic-acid(AA) monolayer-coated aqueous lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2] solutions to hydrogen selenide (H2Se). The AA-coated PbSe films, at different stages of their growth, were transferred to solid substrates and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The epitaxial growth of PbSe crystals has been rationalized in terms of matching the {111} plane of crystalline PbSe and the (100) plane of the hexagonally close-packed AA monolayer. The parallel alignment of the \( \) and \( \) axes and the perpendicular alignment of the axis to the monolayer have been suggested to be responsible for the observed formation of rod-like PbSe particles. The presence of a negatively charged monolayer has been found to be an essential requirement for the oriented growth of PbSe crystals.
Bond Implied Risks Around Macroeconomic Announcements

Using a large panel of Treasury futures and options, I construct model-free measures of bond uncertainty and tail risks across different tenors from 2000 to 2020. I find that bond tail risk 1) negatively correlates with stock tail risk in general, but the correlation turns positive prior to and around three financial crises; 2) It increased dramatically before the 2008 Financial Crisis and in March 2020 foreshadowing the extreme challenges in the Treasury bond markets; 3) and has significantly decreased in recent years under zero-lower-bound and forward guidance. I then study the behavior of bond tail and uncertainty risk measures around FOMC announcements and document three novel findings: First, bond uncertainty increases three to two days prior to the announcements and reverts back upon release, due to an increase in call option prices rather than puts. Second, yields of 5, 10, and 30 year Treasuries decline by 1bps on the day before the announcement. Third, uncertainty risk cannot help explain the pre-FOMC announcement drift.
Rates of convergence of the partial-wave expansion beyond Kato's cusp condition II: evaluations for the prefactors on the ground state of the helium atom.

This article is a continuation of our previous work (Phys. Rev. A 88, 032511 (2013)). The prefactors for the partial-wave expansion of the helium atom are derived. Due to series of cancellations, the partial-wave increments of the energy converge as $L^{-2N-6}$. The origin of these cancellations is identified from alternative expressions of the partial-wave energies. There is some evidence that the assumptions of regularities for the exact wavefunction can be reduced.
Effect of topical treatment of claw horn lesions with tetracycline-derivatives on plasma and milk concentrations

Claw horn lesions frequently result in lameness, and these types of lesions are associated with environment and animal husbandry practices rather than infectious pathogens. The paucity of scientific literature pertaining to intervention strategies for these lesions promote therapeutic trimming techniques with or without the application of a hoof block to the contralateral claw and producer-dependent use of systemic antibiotics and analgesics. In a recent survey of hoof trimmers and veterinarians, 53% of trimmers and 59% of veterinarians reported using topical application of medications to solar lesion, with extra-label use of tetracycline-derivatives being the most frequently reported topical medication. In the advent of modern analytical technology, more sensitive assays are available to detect pharmaceuticals present in consumable animal products. These assays offer a more sensitive evaluation of residues involving the topical application of tetracycline-derivatives, which warrants concerns over the potential for violative residues. Given these lesions result in exposure of raw corium and granulation tissue, the potential of topical medications entering the systemic blood circulation in treated animals is possible, and yet, no research has assessed if extra-label use of tetracycline-derivatives results in violative drug residues in plasma and milk. Our hypothesis is extra-label use of tetracycline-derivatives results in drug residues in both plasma and milk; however, the concentrations would not surpass the Food and Drug Administration’s reported acceptable level, 300 ppb.
The effect of near- versus distant-future mindsets on socially responsible investors’ mutual fund preferences

Socially responsible investing (SRI) has seen tremendous growth in recent years. For SRI investors, choosing among potential SRI investments often requires making trade-offs between social responsibility and financial aspects of the investment. In this study, we examine contexts where investors are more versus less willing to make such trade-offs, specifically in the context of SRI-guided mutual funds among Muslim investors. We expect that priming a near-future mindset will make respondents less likely to trade-off social responsibility for financial considerations, whereas priming a distant-future mindset will make respondents more likely to make such trade-offs. Using a discrete choice experimental design among Saudi Arabian adults, we find support for our hypotheses. Managerial implications and directions for future research are discussed.
HYPOTHESIS TESTING IN THE COURTROOM

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews hypothesis testing in the courtroom. Neyman-Pearson hypothesis tests are ill suited for courtroom applications, and the equalization criterion does not necessarily harmonize significance tests with the legal burden of persuasion. Presenting the P-value associated with the data without trying to characterize this number by a test for significance is a step in the right direction. If possible, however, the analyst should testify to the probability of observing the data under the alternative hypothesis and the probability under the null hypothesis. With these pieces to the puzzle in hand, the court or jury stands a better chance of understanding what the statistical evidence is worth. The statistician can adopt a Bayesian perspective, but it may not be easy to apply these methods in a courtroom setting. Instead, one may pursue methods such as interval estimation and likelihood functions to assist a court or jury in coming to a decision.
Toward a Modern Geography of Minds, Machines, and Math

We herein report on a project devoted to charting some of the most salient points in a modern “geography” of minds, machines, and mathematics; the project is funded by the John Templeton Foundation, and is being carried out in Bringsjord’s AI and Reasoning Laboratory.
The NASA Telerobotics Research Program

Abstract The evolving international space program requires in-space servicing and autonomous exploration vehicles. All of the needed capabilities require humans in the loop at some level, and thus fall under the broad definition of "telerobotics." The various applications of space telerobotics are described along with actual and planned National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) programs to fly and use these capabilities. The associated NASA supporting research program is described, which includes mission analysis, core research, systems integration testbed, applications demonstrations (ground), and flight experiments. The importance of and relation to the "controls" discipline and IFAC is discussed.
Optimal Model Matching Controllers for Linear and Nonlinear Systems

Abstract Optimal model matching controllers for linear and nonlinear systems are constructed by generalizing Francis’ work on linear regulators and Isidori and Byrnes’ work on nonlinear regulators. These are combined with optimal control techniques to obtain solutions.
Arteriosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture into the vena cava.

Spontaneous rupture of an arteriosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava with resultant aortocaval fistula was first described by Syme in 1831,1 but it was over 100 years later when the first surgical repair was performed—by Denton Cooley, in 1954. This case, along with 3 additional cases, was reported in 1958 by DeBakey, Cooley, Morris, and Collins.2 All 4 cases were treated successfully with venorrhaphy of the vena cava and homograft replacement of the abdominal aorta. In 1964, 10 years after Cooley's first successful surgical case, I performed my first successful procedure and subsequently (in 1965) reviewed 8 additional cases,3 which brought the total number of cases reported in the English-language literature to 13. To this day, the condition remains extremely rare, with only a few hundred cases reported in the world medical literature.
Chapter 4 – Electrical Systems

Electrical systems, also named circuits or networks, are designed as combinations of mainly three fundamental components: resistor, capacitor, and inductor. They are correspondingly defined by resistance, capacitance, and inductance—generally considered to be lumped-parameter properties. In addition to these primary electrical components, this chapter also discusses the operational amplifier. The voltage or current sources, which produce the electron motion in an electrical circuit, are the counterparts of forces or moments in mechanical systems. The focus in this chapter is on formulating mathematical models with methods of electrical circuit analysis as well as on finding and characterizing the natural, free-damped, and forced responses of electrical systems by using MATLAB and Simulink. Analogies between electrical and mechanical systems are also studied.
Ferguson v. City of Charleston: Slowly Returning the "Special Needs" Doctrine to its Roots

This comment analyzes Ferguson v. City of Charleston (South Carolina), 532 U.S. 67 (2001), and considers its impact as it relates to the United States Supreme Court's string of "special needs" cases providing an exception to the Fourth Amendment's search warrant requirement. The plaintiffs in Ferguson were ten female patients of the Medical University of South Carolina who gave urine samples during pregnancy that tested positive for cocaine. These test results were provided to the City of Charleston Police Department who arrested and charged the defendants with drug-related offenses. The defendants brought Section 1983 claims against MUSC and City of Charleston officials alleging that testing their urine for drug use constituted an illegal search. The jury at trial found for the government defendants and the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld this verdict under the special needs doctrine.
Historical Remarks on Gauss-Bonnet

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses historical remarks on Gauss Bonnet. If M is a two-dimensional oriented Riemannian manifold and D is a compact domain on M bounded by a sectionally smooth curve C, the Gauss–Bonnet formula states that ∑ (π – α) + ∫ c k g ds + X D KdA = 2πX(D), where X( D ) is the Euler characteristic of D and the members at the left-hand side are respectively the exterior angles at the corners, the integral of the geodesic curvature, and the integral of the Gaussian curvature. These are respectively the point, line, and surface curvatures, so that the formula expresses the total curvature in terms of a topological invariant. The most important special case of the formula is the theorem on the angle sum of a rectilinear triangle in the euclidean plane.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF USING SUBSURFACE SPACE

ABSTRACT Creation and use of shallow and deep underground space raise few legal questions that have not been encountered during the development of other natural resources. Issues concerning ownership of space, standards of proper use, and extent of public regulation will be sharpened and resolved with greater experience aided by multidisciplinary assessments of how to enjoy maximum benefits of this new frontier with minimum social costs.
The Interactive Role of Difficulty and Incentives in Explaining the Annual Earnings Forecast Walkdown

ABSTRACT: The within-year walkdown of analysts' earnings forecasts has largely been attributed to analysts' incentives to curry favor with managers. We appeal to cognitive psychology literature on motivated reasoning and propose that forecasting difficulty interacts with such incentives to yield the observed walkdown. Higher forecasting difficulty generates a wider range of outcomes from which analysts can justify optimistically biased forecasts. In regression analyses, we find that the interaction between analysts' incentives for optimism and difficulty exhibits the strongest effect on earnings walkdowns. We also examine revenue forecasts as a benchmark of lower forecasting difficulty and find that revenue walkdowns are relatively diminutive. However, when analysts forecast losses, revenue forecasts are more critical and exhibit markedly steeper walkdowns. Our results suggest that analyst forecast walkdowns are better characterized by an interactive effect between analysts' strategic incentives for optim...
Theory of Bound States in a Random Potential

A systematic procedure is proposed for calculation of the energy-level density of low-lying bound states in a random potential. The procedure is based on a function-space formulation of the problem; and certain features of the method may be useful in solving more general problems in functional integration. The method works in one, two, or three dimensions. In the one-dimensional case, the result checks exactly with the known solution.
Spatial transformer networks

Convolutional Neural Networks define an exceptionally powerful class of models, but are still limited by the lack of ability to be spatially invariant to the input data in a computationally and parameter efficient manner. In this work we introduce a new learnable module, the Spatial Transformer, which explicitly allows the spatial manipulation of data within the network. This differentiable module can be inserted into existing convolutional architectures, giving neural networks the ability to actively spatially transform feature maps, conditional on the feature map itself, without any extra training supervision or modification to the optimisation process. We show that the use of spatial transformers results in models which learn invariance to translation, scale, rotation and more generic warping, resulting in state-of-the-art performance on several benchmarks, and for a number of classes of transformations.
A Uniform Rule Governing the Admission and Practice of Attorneys Before United States District Courts

The increase in the interstate and international practice of law necessitates a review of the rules governing the admission of attorneys to practice before federal district courts. By virtue of the sweep of their jurisdictional net, federal district courts are likely to be the fora for litigating most interstate or international disputes. The present rules, based upon the antiquated notion that lawyers only rarely practice law in federal district court, and then only in the federal district court located in the state in which they practice, do not address this change in the practice of law. For these reasons, a new Rule concerning the admission to practice law in federal district courts, and designed to account for the recent changes in the practice of law, is worth serious consideration. The Rule is based on the theory that lawyers will act ethically by handling only those legal matters within their competence and that clients will act intelligently when hiring a lawyer. The Rule will not result in a system of perfect client representation by lawyers in federal courts, but will provide the federal district courts with some assurance of lawyer competence. For these reasons, and because a single rule providing for the admission of lawyers to practice law before all federal district courts is more than a decade overdue, this Rule should be implemented as soon as possible.
The Political Economy of Immigrant Time: Rights, Citizenship, and Temporariness in the Post-1965 Era

In politics, temporal measurements are nearly ubiquitous. Youths must wait 18 years for the right to vote; prison sentences punish people in quantities of time; and immigrants who seek to naturalize must undergo a probationary period before becoming citizens. In these and other examples, time serves as a form of political currency that can be exchanged for rights. That is, increments of time are used to represent different values, such as loyalty, civic knowledge, or cultural assimilation; and then these increments are inserted along with other variables into formulae that confer or deny rights. The deployment of time in this way creates a political economy of time in which durations of time are used as currency for states and citizens to transact over rights. This article studies the effects of the political economy of time on immigrants in the United States during the post-1965 era. The article shows that their time has slowly been devalued over the past half century and reveals the potential of actions, such as deferred departure, to create and legitimize a class of permanent semi--citizens.
A Safety Valve for Emissions Trading

This paper considers the optimal design of an emissions trading program that includes a safety valve tax that allows pollution sources to escape the emissions cap imposed by the aggregate supply of emissions permits. I demonstrate that an optimal hybrid emissions trading/emissions tax policy involves a permit supply that is strictly less than under a pure emissions trading scheme and a safety valve tax that exceeds the optimal pure emissions tax as long as expected marginal damage is an increasing function. While the expected level of emissions under a hybrid policy may be more or less than under pure emissions trading or a pure emissions tax, under the assumption that uncertainty about aggregate marginal abatement costs is symmetric the most likely outcome is that emissions will turn out to be less under the hybrid. Finally, a steeper expected marginal damage function calls for higher permit supply and safety valve, which reduces expected aggregate emissions and the probability that the safety valve will be employed.
Hypothetical knowledge and counterfactual reasoning

Samet introduced a notion of hypothetical knowledge and showed how it could be used to capture the type of counterfactual reasoning necessary to force the backwards induction solution in a game of perfect information. He argued that while hypothetical knowledge and the extended information structures used to model it bear some resemblance to the way philosophers have used conditional logic to model counterfactuals, hypothetical knowledge cannot be reduced to conditional logic together with epistemic logic. Here it is shown that in fact hypothetical knowledge can be captured using the standard counterfactual operator ">" and the knowledge operator "K", provided that some assumptions are made regarding the interaction between the two. It is argued, however, that these assumptions are unreasonable in general, as are the axioms that follow from them. Some implications for game theory are discussed.