cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Help seeking in elementary classrooms: An observational study

Abstract This study was undertaken to explore how elementary school children employ help seeking as a means of problem solving in the classroom. In-depth naturalistic observations were made of high-, average-, and low-ability students in reading and math classes at the first-, third-, and fifth-grade levels. Overall, children's rates of help seeking were higher in math than in reading. Boys and girls did not differ overall in the amount of help sought. Boys and girls did differ, however, in the type of help they requested. Children of different ability levels were found to vary not only in rate of help seeking and type of help requested, but also in the type of responses elicited from their helper choices. Implications of these findings for children's achievement, learning, and social adjustment in the classroom are discussed.
Ethical Issues in Gerocounseling

Recently, there has been a tremendous increase in the attention paid to counseling older adults and the importance of maintaining sound ethical practices in professional counseling. Unfortunately, to date there has been little movement to combine the two areas and examine the unique ethical issues faced in gerocounseling practice. To address this void, the authors enumerate some ethical dilemmas they have encountered in gerocounseling, examine the American Association for Counseling and Development (formerly American Personnel and Guidance Association) Ethical Standards (1981) that are pertinent, and suggest options for handling the conflicts raised.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for acute inflammatory demyelinating syndromes of the central nervous system

Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IIDDs) of the central nervous system, of which multiple sclerosis is the prototype, represent a family of monophasic, recurrent or progressive diseases with overlapping clinical and pathological manifestations. While most patients recover spontaneously or following a brief course of high-dose corticosteroids, occasional patients, particularly those with fulminant severe IIDDs, such as the Marburg variant, do not respond to corticosteroids and have severe, residual neurological deficits. While it is widely believed that IIDDs are mediated by T lymphocytes, as is experimental allergic encephelomyelitis, additional, possibly humoral, factors may be essential to generate the extensive demyelination seen in these conditions. Anecdotal reports over the past two decades have suggested that patients with acute, severe neurological deficits resulting from IIDDs, who fail to improve after high-dose intravenous corticosteroids, may benefit from plasma exchange. A randomized, sham-controlled, crossover study has recently been completed at the Mayo Clinic, which addresses these observations. J. Clin. Apheresis 14:144–148, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Oxidative Aliphatic C-H Fluorination with Fluoride Ion Catalyzed by a Manganese Porphyrin

Despite the growing importance of fluorinated organic compounds in drug development, there are no direct protocols for the fluorination of aliphatic C-H bonds using conveniently handled fluoride salts. We have discovered that a manganese porphyrin complex catalyzes alkyl fluorination by fluoride ion under mild conditions in conjunction with stoichiometric oxidation by iodosylbenzene. Simple alkanes, terpenoids, and even steroids were selectively fluorinated at otherwise inaccessible sites in 50 to 60% yield. Decalin was fluorinated predominantly at the C2 and C3 methylene positions. Bornyl acetate was converted to exo-5-fluoro-bornyl acetate, and 5α-androstan-17-one was fluorinated selectively in the A ring. Mechanistic analysis suggests that the regioselectivity for C-H bond cleavage is directed by an oxomanganese(V) catalytic intermediate followed by F delivery via an unusual manganese(IV) fluoride that has been isolated and structurally characterized.
A pattern system for tracing architectural concerns

A software architecture is carefully designed to satisfy the quality concerns of its stakeholders, and as such, represents a systematic and intricately balanced set of design decisions which deliver required qualities such as performance, reliability, and safety. In practice, architectural degradation tends to occur over the lifetime of the software system, as developers make ongoing and incremental maintenance changes to the system without knowledge of its underlying design decisions. Fortunately, this problem can be alleviated by establishing traceability between concrete elements in the architecture and their associated design decisions, and then using these traceability links to keep developers informed of relevant architectural tactics, styles, and design patterns throughout the development process. This paper focuses on the task of creating and using such traceability links. We present six trace creation patterns describing techniques and supporting structures for creating architecturally significant traceability links, and two usage patterns describing techniques for using the created links to help preserve qualities in the architectural design. The patterns described in this paper emerged from our experiences and observations of tracing architectural concerns in safety critical systems.
Career maturity and commitment to work in university students

Abstract This study examined the relationship between career maturity and commitment to work, sex, socioeconomic status, and college level. Three hundred seventy-two undergraduate students took The Career Development Inventory which measures specific dimensions of career development and The Salience Inventory , a measure of the relative importance of a number of life-roles. Commitment to work was related to both the attitudinal and the cognitive factors of career maturity. Sex and socioeconomic status were not related to career maturity. Seniors and juniors had engaged in more career-planning activities than had sophomores and freshmen. University females were more committed to work and to home than were university males, but expected to realize fewer values than males through the work role. Results were discussed in light of Bandura's concept of self-efficacy expectations and implications for counseling.
Circadian photobiology: an emerging framework for lighting practice and research

A century of research and practice have optimized the use of electric lighting in buildings to support human vision. However, recent lines of research show that light is also important to human cir...
Philipp Otto Runge and the Semiotic Language of Nature and Patriotism

Philipp Otto Runge (1777–1810) was a leading German Romantic artist whose iconography represents a transition from the Neoclassical iconography of classical mythology and allegory to an abstract semiotic system of signs based on a mystical interpretation of nature. An admirer of Herder's theory of language, Runge's iconography was representative of a trend among Romantic artists to promote nationalism and cultural values through the implementation of formal epistemological systems in the medium of art. Runge's individual iconography reveals a synthesis of rational and mystical systems of knowledge that emphasizes Herder's concept of the German Volk as a unique cultural identity, and presents an analogy between the creation of the cosmos, the organic origins of language, and the conception of the German Volk. Runge's iconography expresses the nationalist sentiments and linguistic theory of Herder that formed the basis of German propaganda movements during the Wars of Liberation, 1807–1815.
Cytological observations on the so-called neoblasts in the serpulid Spirorbis†

The purported “neoblasts” of the serpulid Spirorbis have been studied in Spirorbis (Paradexiospira) vitreus and Spirorbis (Laeospira) borealis at both the light and electron microscopic levels. These perivasal cells occur in greatest abundance around the ventral blood vessel of the achaetous region. In light microscope preparations, the perivasal cells are intensely basophilic, containing basally situated nuclei, and relatively large nucleoli. The fine structure of the perivasal cells reveals that they contain an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum, well-developed Golgi complex, heterogeneous dense bodies, and cytolysomes. The respiratory pigment chlorocruorin, which has a diameter of about 230 A and is believed to be composed of two superimposed hexagonal components, has been localized within: cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, elements of the Golgi complex, and membrane-bounded vesicles at the base of the perivasal cells. Evidence is advanced which strongly suggests that molecules of chlorocruorin are transported from the perivasal cells into the lumen of the vessel by reverse pinocytosis. It is concluded that whatever other functional role(s) the perivasal cells of Spirorbis may have, a major function is the synthesis and secretion of chlorocruorin. Whether the perivasal cells can be considered to be pluripotent is discussed.
JOINT TIME FREQUENCY ANALYSIS) NEW METHOD TO ANALYZE THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IN PREMATURE INFANTS. 279

Studies regarding development of biological rhythmicity are important in the neonate since it depends on: brain maturation, genetic potential and affected by environment. Previously we have shown that extreme premature infants with BPD do not develop circadian rhythm (CR) during first two months of life although they develop ultradian rhythm (UR). There are not enough data available regarding the development of (CR) in premature infants who have prolonged hospitalization. We studied CR in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure(BP) in 18 low birth weight infants (BW: 1286.42±780.1, GA: 27.59±4.3, Apgar score in 1 and 5 min. 3 and 7 (median) respectively. All required respiratory support and were diagnosed with BPD, but had no CNS disease. Methods: A new mathematical approach to biological signals analysis Joint Time Frequency Analysis (National Instruments) was used. Continuous 24 hour tracings of HR & BP were collected using Hewlett Packard careview program. It allows to find the range of frequencies, changes of the frequency as a function of time and the intensity of particular frequencies. HR was measured every 60 sec. BP every 30 min. at the end of 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week of postnatal age(PNA). Overall we had 44 recordings. The data were analyzed to find length of cycle and appearance of UR and CR (table).Results: No biorhythmicity was found until 4 wks PNA. UR began to appear after 4 weks PNA and CR appear after 8 wks PNA. Among the 13 infants, 46 wks PNA 69% (9/13) develop UR (3±0.5 h in length). All 13 were on ventilator. 4 (80%) out of 5 infants ≥8wks PNA developed CR (24±2 h in length). These 4 were off ventilator support. One who did not develop CR was still on ventilator, but he continue to manifest UR.Conclusion: The biorythmicity in HR and BP, in ELBW infant does not appear until after 4 wks PNA. UR proceeds the development of CR. Development of CR is affected be ventilatory dependency.
The effects of maternal employment on the health of school-age children ☆

The effects of maternal employment on children's health are theoretically ambiguous and challenging to identify. There are trade-offs between income and time, and a mother's decision to work reflects, in part, her children's health and her underlying preferences. I utilize exogenous variation in each child's youngest sibling's eligibility for kindergarten as an instrument. Using the restricted-access National Health Interview Survey (1985-2004), I identify the effects on overnight hospitalizations, asthma episodes, and injuries/poisonings for children ages 7-17. Maternal employment increases the probability of each adverse health event by nearly 200 percent. These effects are robust and do not reflect a non-representative local effect. Language: en
Remote sensing of ash tree health associated with the emerald ash borer via analyses of fluctuations in land-based and satellite-based data indices

The beetle, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, was introduced to Michigan in 2002 and has since spread to many other states. In recent years, it has been reported in parts of New York. The fluctuations in satellite data signal associated with indices describing ash tree health, such as leaf area index (LAI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NVDI) as reported by the MODIS, have been studied. The fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) data was also studied. MODIS hyperspectral data, as calibrated to winged aircraft hyperspectral data, was used for ash tree characterization.
Global Health Interdependence and the International Physicians' Movement

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War has had an impressive public impact in the 1980s, helping to shatter the myths of surviving and medically responding to a nuclear attack. The 1990s present a new challenge for the medical community in a different social and international context characterized by increasing global interdependence. Another view of physician activism is presented to complement advocacy for nuclear disarmament in the promotion of peace. A framework for analysis is provided by "fateful visions"—accepted policy views of prospective superpower relations—drawn from practitioners of foreign policy, international relations, and security affairs. A perceptual gap may exist between physicians who wish to address underlying ethical and public health concerns on security issues and policy practitioners who are accustomed to discussion within existing policy frames of reference that can be pragmatically used. A strategy is proposed for physicians to use their specialized training and skills to evaluate trends in global health interdependence. The international physicians' movement may contribute substantively to the formulation of policy by expanding and interpreting an increasingly complex database on interdependence, and by creating a dialogue with policy formulators based on mutual recognition of the value and legitimacy of each professions' expertise and complementary contributions to international security policy. ( JAMA. 1990;264:610-613)
Pediatric heart transplantation: Allograft rejection

Abstract The early and midterm results of pediatric heart transplantation are encouraging. The procedure has evolved from an experimental therapy to an accepted medical practice for infants and children with lethal cardiomyopathy or severe congenital heart defects. The risk of rejection, though reduced by the use of cyclosporine, continues to be a significant threat to long-term survival. Several problems of rejection have special significance in children. The requirement for lifelong immunosuppression, with longer exposure to side effects, and the difficulty of performing repeated myocardial biopsies emphasize the need for accurate noninvasive methods of recognizing rejection. There is interest in and controversy about the optimal timing for pediatric heart transplantation, especially in infants with complex congenital heart defects. Although studies have demonstrated immunological immaturity in the newborn, it remains to be seen whether this will be translated into a real long-term clinical advantage. Although the ultimate prospects for pediatric heart transplant patients remain uncertain, improvements in rejection monitoring and treatment will surely increase the prospects for long-term survival.
Augmented Lagrangian Homotopy Method for the Regularization of Total Variation Denoising Problems

This paper presents a homotopy procedure which improves the solvability of mathematical programming problems arising from total variational methods for image denoising. The homotopy on the regularization parameter involves solving a sequence of equality-constrained optimization problems where the positive regularization parameter in each optimization problem is initially large and is reduced to zero. Newton’s method is used to solve the optimization problems and numerical results are presented.
Evolutionary implications of the cDNA sequence of the single lactate dehydrogenase of a lamprey.

Abstract All vertebrates other than lampreys exhibit multiple loci encoding lactate dehydrogenase +ADL-LDH; (S)-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27+BD. Of these loci, Ldh-A is expressed predominantly in muscle, Ldh-B is expressed predominantly in heart, and Ldh-C (where present) exhibits different tissue-restricted patterns of expression depending on the taxon. To examine the relationship of the single LDH of lampreys to other vertebrate LDHs, we have determined the cDNA sequence of the LDH of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus and compared it to previously published sequences from bacteria, plants, and vertebrates. The lamprey sequence exhibits a mixture of features of both LDH-A and LDH-B at the amino acid level that may account for its intermediate kinetic properties. Both distance and maximum parsimony analyses strongly reject a relationship of lamprey LDH with mammalian LDH-C but do not significantly distinguish among remaining alternative phylogenetic hypotheses. Evolutionary parsimony analyses suggest that the lamprey LDH is related to Ldh-A and that the single locus condition has arisen as a result of the loss of Ldh-B (prior to the appearance of Ldh-C). The collection of LDH sequences for further studies of the evolution of the vertebrate LDH gene family will be facilitated by the PCR approach that we have used to obtain the lamprey sequence.
Operant conditioning of a class of word associates.

Abstract : The 25 most common word associates to the word MUSIC were presented, one at a time, to a group of Ss, each MUSIC associate being paired with two control words. Ss were instructed to say aloud one of the words on each card. Experimental Ss were reinforced each time they emitted one of the word associates to MUSIC; none of the responses of control Ss were reinforced. The results indicated that the associates to the word MUSIC constitute a response class, i.e., reinforcing certain of these associates increases the probability of further associates occurring. A tentative S-R analysis of this phenomenon was suggested in terms of complex interassociations among these word associates. (Author)
Esthesioneuroblastoma : the Northwestern University experience

Objective To review our experience with esthesioneuroblastoma, a rare malignancy of the head and neck. Study Design Retrospective review of Tumor Registry data. Methods We performed a computerized search of the Northwestern Memorial Hospital Tumor Registry database from 1981 to 2000. Results Sixteen patients with esthesioneuroblastoma were identified and analyzed. Their mean age was 42 years. Eleven of 16 patients (69%) had Kadish stage C; 8 patients (50%) had brain involvement at presentation. Craniofacial resection was performed in 13 patients (81%). Fourteen patients received either preoperative or postoperative therapy; radiation therapy was employed in 11 cases and chemotherapy in 4. The actuarial 5-year survival was 60%, and the actuarial 5-year disease-free survival was 33%, with a median follow-up of 4.3 years. Recurrences occurred at a median time of 11 months after diagnosis (2.5 mo–18 y). The first site of failure was locoregional alone in 10 of 12 patients who progressed, and in 6 patients involved the brain or the meninges. Two patients were successfully salvaged. Patients with high-grade tumors had a trend toward work survival. Conclusions Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare tumor that is potentially curable by surgical resection and radiation therapy. However, the rate of local failure is high, and late recurrences are not uncommon. The role of chemotherapy warrants further investigation.
Motion perimetry in anisometropic amblyopia: elevated size thresholds extend into the midperiphery.

Abstract Purpose: Our purpose was to determine whether motion detection abnormalities in patients with anisometropic amblyopia exist and to determine the extent of these abnormalities in the central and midperipheral visual field. Methods: We used of motion perimetry to evaluated 10 anisometropic subjects with no manifest strabismus. Each of 44 locations in the visual field corresponding to the test sites of the Humphrey 24-2 program was tested with circular patches of motion (random dot cinematograms) displayed on a computer screen. Stimulus patch size was reduced in a 21 staircase manner to determine the smallest patch of motion detectable at each test location (threshold). Data from 15 age-matched normal subjects were used as controls. Results: Vision in the amblyopic eye ranged from 2025 to count fingers. The overall mean size threshold for amblyopic eyes was elevated (61% ± 73%) compared with fellow eyes and age-matched normal eyes ( p Conclusion: The amblyopia caused by anisometropia is associated with an abnormality in motion detection that extends into the midpheriphery of the visual field.
State Responses to New Flexibility in Medicaid

Since 2001, more than half the states have changed their Medicaid programs, through either Medicaid waivers or provisions included in the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. These changes are in benefit flexibility, cost sharing, enrollment expansions and caps, privatization, and structure of program financing. With a few important exceptions, the changes have been fairly circumscribed. However, states may exercise this new flexibility if, for example, national health care reforms do not occur or an economic downturn creates state fiscal pressures. If that happens, new policies could lead to profound changes in Medicaid and could be carried out relatively easily.
Effective teaching and use of the constant growth dividend discount model

The appropriate application of the constant growth dividend discount model (DDM) requires an understanding of the fundamental nature of the model and its parameters. It is important that students not only be able to mechanically “plug and chug” the formula, but that they also understand the model’s assumptions, inputs, sensitivity to error and practical limitations. This paper demonstrates that the valuation measure derived from using the DDM is very sensitive to the relationship between the required return on investment (Ks) and the assumed growth rate (g) in earnings and dividends. Examples show that the valuation error increases at an increasing rate when the values of Ks and g converge in the formula. Classroom experience has indicated that students believe and strive to compute a single “correct” valuation of the share price. They should realize that the goal of valuation analysis is to estimate a reasonable range for the intrinsic value of a share price, rather than a single point estimate as often implied by end-of-chapter and exam-type problems using the DDM. © 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
368. Lentiviral Vector Strain of Origin and Target Cell Species-Specific Restriction Factors Influence Transduction Efficiency

The efficiency of transduction of both human and non-human primate cells by lentiviral vectors is influenced by interactions with members of the TRIM5|[alpha]| family of cytoplasmic proteins. This has been a particular problem when using HIV-1-derived vectors in rhesus macaque hematopoietic cells, where the vectors are strongly restricted by rhesus TRIM5|[alpha]|, although SIV-derived vectors are not. Current models to explain this variation in restriction postulate that the recruitment of cyclophilin A (CypA) by HIV-1 capsid protects the virus from TRIM5|[alpha]| restriction in human cells, but not in macaque cells. Conversely, although the SIVmac capsid does not bind CypA, it is not significantly restricted by human TRIM5|[alpha]|. We wanted to further investigate the role of the CypA-capsid interaction in the restriction of lentiviral vectors by transducing various cell types with VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene and then analyzing gene expression by FACS. As expected, we found that treatment of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293A) cells with cyclosporine A (CsA), which inhibits the CypA-capsid interaction, resulted in a |[sim]|2-fold drop in transduction with the HIV-1-based vector. Inclusion of either the HIV-2 or SIV nef proteins in the vector did not relieve its sensitivity to CsA. In contrast, transduction with HIV-1 vectors containing certain capsid substitutions within the CypA-binding site (Chatterji et al., JBC;280(48):40293|[ndash]|40300) was not negatively affected by CsA treatment, suggesting that the mutated vectors no longer require CypA for efficient transduction of human cells. These vectors also transduced owl monkey and rhesus macaque kidney cells more efficiently than the wild-type vector. Vectors derived from different SIVmac-strains were found to transduce rhesus macaque cell lines at equal efficiency, but transduction of primary rhesus CD34+ cells with an SIVmac1A11-derived vector (Hanawa et al., Blood;103:4062|[ndash]|4069) was significantly more efficient (30|[ndash]|60 %) than with an SIVmac251-derived vector (4|[ndash]|12%) (N|[egrave]|gre et al., Gene Therapy;7:1613|[ndash]|1623). Experiments in which the SIVmac transfer vectors were crosspackaged with capsids from the other SIVmac strains revealed that this property maps to the transfer vector and not to the packaging construct. CsA treatment increased transduction with SIVmac-derived vectors in both rhesus and owl monkey cell lines and in primary human CD34+ cells, suggesting that the SIVmac capsid is susceptible to restriction in these tissues. In contrast, CsA treatment had no effect on transduction with either HIV-1 or SIVmac-derived vectors in primary rhesus macaque CD34+ cells. Together, these results show differential restriction of lentiviral vectors that varies with the species and cell type transduced. These findings may be relevant for studies using lentiviral gene transfer into non-human primate models.
DIFFICULTIES IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CERTAIN OSTEOLYTIC LESIONS OF THE MANDIBLE.

Abstract I have presented two cases—one of a traumatic cyst containing an unerupted tooth and the other involving a primordial follicular cyst. Both cases presented complex problems of diagnosis. I have described the procedure used in arriving at a correct evaluation of the lesions.
Engineering anisotropic dielectric response through amorphous laminate structures

Nanolaminates built from ultra-thin, ultra-smooth films of amorphous metals, and solution-processed oxides represent a new platform for dispersion engineering. Materials exhibiting anisotropic elliptical dispersion and hyperbolic dispersion with positive refraction are realized through choice of amorphous metal and laminate design. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), polarized reflectance measurements, and effective medium theory are combined to demonstrate the precision and predictability of the fabrication techniques and optical properties from ultra-violet to infra-red frequencies. Engineering anisotropic dielectric response through amorphous laminate structures.
Cytoreductive Surgery in Ovarian Carcinoma Patients with a Documented Previously Complete Surgical Response

Abstract Recurrent ovarian cancer after negative findings at second-look laparotomy is common. A retrospective review of 57 patients who developed recurrent tumor after a negative second-look laparotomy was undertaken to evaluate treatment efficacy and prognostic factors. All patients received primary platinum-based chemotherapy. Recurrences occurred in the abdomen or pelvis (40 patients), lymph nodes (7), liver (4), lungs (3), and vagina (3). Recurrent disease was diagnosed at a mean interval of 20 months after second-look surgery. Of the 38 patients who underwent laparotomy for recurrence, 36 (95%) had >0.5 cm disease. After cytoreductive surgery 14 patients (37%) were left with minimal ( P
Areas of J. C. Maxwell for Pure-Component Fluid-Phase Equilibria from Equations of State

Cubic equations of state (EOS) cannot provide accurate multithermophysical properties over wide ranges of temperature and pressure for pure components in the fluid state. More complex, noncubic EOS are required, but only recently has their use been made feasible by advances in computing. These equations often produce isotherms on a pressure-specific volume (P−V) plot with more than one van der Waals loop. This produces multiple solutions to the Maxwell Equal Area Rule (MEAR) criterion for determining the saturated vapor pressure, Pσ, at a fixed temperature. A mechanical stability test is used to determine which one of these solutions gives stable vapor and liquid phases at equilibrium. We have developed a new corollary of MEAR, called the Maximum Positive Area (MPA) criterion, for determining the correct Pσ of pure components regardless of the complexity of the EOS used. In the MPA criterion, the correct Pσ occurs when the positive area, determined in the MEAR criterion, is maximized.
A SYNTHETIC APPROACH TO THE AB-RING SYSTEM OF FORSKOLIN

(1986). A SYNTHETIC APPROACH TO THE AB-RING SYSTEM OF FORSKOLIN. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 7-10.
Laser-assisted debridement of aortic valve calcium

Experimental debridement of aortic valve calcium by means of laser phototherapy was investigated in vitro. Near-total debridement of calcific deposits observed on pretreatment x-ray films was accomplished using carbon-dioxide laser phototherapy. Analysis of liberated photoproducts suggests that debridement is effected by thermal degradation of the surrounding connective tissue envelope and thermal expansion of the calcific nodules. These results suggest that in selected patients with calcific aortic stenosis, it may be possible to perform intraoperative laser-assisted debridement of aortic valve calcium in order to preserve the native aortic valve and thus avoid prosthetic valve replacement.
The correct meaning of coating efficiency vs. the utilization of theoretical efficiency

The correct meaning of the the term “utilization of the theoretical efficiency” vs. the “coating efficiency” is explained.
Designing a Recharging Grid for the Hybrid Vehicle System: Part I

To accelerate the development of the hybrid transportation system, there is a need to set up an infrastructure for the hybrid vehicle battery recharging at parking lots of universities as test grounds for this technology. This work focuses on setting up or implementing a pilot recharging network at Kettering University’s main parking lot with a capacity of over 500 vehicles. As the society is transitioning from the fossil fuel powered vehicles to hybridized systems, recharging outlet from fuel cell, solar and wind turbines sources should be in place to facilitate the transfer by 2015. This project details the infrastructural design using fuel cell energy from the Center for Fuel Cell Research of the University for setting up 50 pilot recharging outlets at the parking lot behind the Mott Engineering Building to recharge hybrid vehicles in the main parking lot of the University. The current resources at the Center include a 5 kW SOFC test station, a 4.4 kW Ballard LT-PEM fuel cell mounted on a 5 kW test stand and 1.5 kW high temperature HT-PEM produced by GEI LLC. The use of solar energy during the day is also considered. The applicable codes and standards regarding such installations are reviewed.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Outcomes of Patients With Cocaine Induced Chest Pain in An Inner City Hospital.

Background: Cocaine induced chest pain is a major reason for admission in Safety Net Hospitals in the United States. The majority of patients admitted undergo extensive work-up leading to enormous economic burden. We hypothesize that in individuals with low risk, cocaine does not further increase adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted with chest pain to our hospital between 07/01/09 and 06/30/10. We excluded patients with modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). The study population was divided into cocaine and non-cocaine group based on urine drug screen. We analyzed data including demographic, laboratory, cardiac testing, detection of CAD, length of stay and mortality rates. Results: A total of 426 individuals matched our inclusion and exclusion criteria and were considered to have no known modifiable cardiac risk factors; 54 in cocaine group and 372 in non-cocaine group. Based on physician discretion, 41(76%) in the cocaine group and 239(64%) in the non-cocaine group underwent various modalities of cardiac testing. Cardiac testing was positive in 6(2.5%) patients in non-cocaine group and none in the cocaine group (p=0.597). There was no significant difference between length of stay and in-hospital mortality between the two groups. Conclusions: In individuals at low risk for CAD, cocaine use resulted in higher rate of cardiac testing. However, there is no difference in prevalence of CAD and in-hospital mortality between the two groups. We conclude that cocaine does not increase adverse outcomes in patients with low risk for CAD. Cardiol Res. 2011;2(6):269-273 doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/cr103w
SUBMICROSCOPIC STUDY ON THE SPERM-INDUCED CORTICAL REACTION IN THE RABBIT OVUM.

Cortical reactions were studied on OsO 4 -fixed rabbit ova obtained 12 and 60 hours after matings to a vasectomized male and 12 hours after matings to fertile males. In the eggs obtained 12 hours after sterile matings single, comparatively thin villous cytoplasmic processes projecting into the perivitelline area, and a row of cortical granules within the vitellus, below the cell membrane, were observed. In specimens obtained 12 hours after fertile matings, the presence of spermatozoa in the vicinity of the vitelline membrane appeared to cause a change in the shape and number of these processes. An increase in their number and a change in their shape (width, branching) was followed by a localized bulging of the cortex of the ovum, which took such proportions that one could speak of a cortical “cytoplasmic wave,” or possibly of “fertilization cone.” This localized cortical reaction apparently served to surround and to engulf the spermatozoon. Although multiple spermatozoa were observed aligned on the cortex, the cortical “cytoplasmic wave,” or “fertilization cone,” appeared to be restricted to one spot on the surface of the ovum and only one spermatozoon was enclosed by it. Ova obtained 60 hours after sterile matings have shown comparatively small cytoplasmic processes projecting into the perivitelline area at almost regular intervals and a row of cortical granules associated with the cell membrane.
Potassium chloride-induced lordosis behavior in rats is mediated by the adrenal glands.

Potassium chloride applied topically to the neocortex facilitates lordosis behavior in estrogen-primed ovariectomized rats. This effect is absent in rats that are also adrenalectomized. Potassium c...
Characterization by EXAFS, NMR, and Other Techniques of Pt/NaY Zeolite at Industrially Relevant Low Concentration of Platinum

In-situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), 1H and Xe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), H2 chemisorption, X-ray powder diffraction (XPD), and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) techniques were used to understand, as precisely as possible, carefully prepared Pt/Y zeolite samples at industrially relevant low levels of Pt loadings. These techniques were used to determine the local structure, size, and location of the metal particles for a series of 0.8 wt % Pt/NaY zeolite catalysts which have been reduced at 300, 500, and 650 °C. The EXAFS and NMR results show that the metal particles are smallest, as expected, for the sample reduced at 300 °C, with an average size of 11.3 A and containing 30 atoms, assuming a spherical shape. These particles are located primarily inside the supercages. For the samples reduced at 500 and 650 °C, the size and location of the Pt particles are distinctly different from those for the 300 °C sample; i.e., the particles are larger and increasingly located out...
gp49B1 inhibits IgE-initiated mast cell activation through both immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, recruitment of src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1, and suppression of early and late calcium mobilization.

We define by molecular, pharmacologic, and physiologic approaches the proximal mechanism by which the immunoglobulin superfamily member gp49B1 inhibits mast cell activation mediated by the high affinity Fc receptor for IgE (FceRI). In rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells expressing transfected mouse gp49B1, mutation of tyrosine to phenylalanine in either of the two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs of the gp49B1 cytoplasmic domain partially suppressed gp49B1-mediated inhibition of exocytosis, whereas mutation of both abolished inhibitory capacity. Sodium pervanadate elicited tyrosine phosphorylation of native gp49B1 and association of the tyrosine phosphatases src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and SHP-2 in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMCs). SHP-1 associated transiently with gp49B1 within 1 min after coligation of gp49B1 with cross-linked FceRI in mBMMCs. SHP-1-deficient mBMMCs exhibited a partial loss of gp49B1-mediated inhibition of FceRI-induced exocytosis at concentrations of IgE providing optimal exocytosis, revealing a central, but not exclusive, SHP-1 requirement in the counter-regulatory pathway. Coligation of gp49B1 with cross-linked FceRI on mBMMCs inhibited early release of calcium from intracellular stores and subsequent influx of extracellular calcium, consistent with SHP-1 participation. Because exocytosis is complete within 2 min in mBMMCs, our studies establish a role for SHP-1 in the initial counter-regulatory cellular responses whereby gp49B1 immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs rapidly transmit inhibition of FceRI-mediated exocytosis.
Is the independence of golf scores for professional golfers a statistical artifact

This study investigated whether the lack of day-to-day consistency in performance for professional golfers would occur if round ranks were employed instead of round scores. When players' round scores from the 2004 Clark study were converted to round ranks, the results were very similar to those found in that study. It was concluded that the range of abilities for professional golfers is so restricted that the fluctuation in players' scores or rankings will show little consistency from day to day.
Influence of a sulfhydryl cross-link across the allosteric-site interface of E. coli phosphofructokinase.

To assess the role of quaternary stability on the properties of Escherichia coli phosphofructokinase (PFK), a disulfide bond has been introduced across the subunit interface containing the allosteric binding sites in E. coli phosphofructokinase by changing N288 to cysteine. N288 is located in close proximity to the equivalent residue on an adjacent subunit. Although SDS-PAGE of oxidized N288C indicates monomeric protein, blocking the six native cysteine residues with N-ethyl maleimide (NEM) reveals dimers of N288C on non-native gels. Subsequent addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) to NEM-labeled N288C regenerates the monomer on SDS-PAGE, reflecting the reversibility of intersubunit disulfide bond formation. KSCN-induced hybrid formation between N288C and the charged-tagged mutant E195,199K exhibits full monomer–monomer exchange only upon DTT addition, providing a novel assessment of disulfide bond formation without NEM treatment. N288C also exhibits a diminished tendency toward nonspecific aggregation under denaturing conditions, a phenomenon associated with monomer formation in PFK. Pressure-induced dissociation and urea denaturation studies further indicate that oxidized N288C exhibits increased quaternary stability along both interfaces of the tetramer, suggesting a synergistic relationship between active site and allosteric site formation. Although the apparent binding affinities of substrates and effectors change somewhat upon disulfide formation in N288C, little difference is evident between the maximally inhibited and activated forms of the enzyme in oxidizing versus reducing conditions. Allosteric influence, therefore, is not correlated to subunit–subunit affinity, and does not involve substantial interfacial rearrangement.
Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy after preoperative therapy for stage II and III breast cancer.

Background: We evaluated the accuracy of sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) in patients with stage II and III breast cancer who had received preoperative therapy. Methods: A prospective clinical trial evaluated 122 patients who had SLND followed by axillary lymph node dissection. Thirty-two women had stage II or III breast cancer and received preoperative doxorubicin-based chemotherapy or paclitaxel and radiotherapy. Results: A sentinel lymph node (SLN) was identified in 31 (97%) of 32 patients. The SLN predicted the status of the axillary nodes in 30 (97%) of 31 patients. Eighteen (58%) of 31 had metastases in the SLN. Eighteen of 19 patients with axillary metastases had a tumor-positive SLN (sensitivity, 95%; false-negative rate, 5%). Eight (44%) of 18 women with metastases in the SLN also had metastases in 1 or more nonsentinel nodes. Conclusions: In this relatively small study, the accuracy of SLND in women with stage II or III breast cancer treated with preoperative therapy was similar to that achieved in early-stage breast cancer. If these results are confirmed in a larger cohort, it may be feasible to substitute SLND for routine axillary lymph node dissection in this population. This approach could reduce the morbidity of surgical therapy while preserving the accuracy of axillary staging and maintaining regional control in this high-risk population.
Quorum: flexible quality of service for internet services

In this paper we describe Quorum, a non-invasive approach to scalable quality-of-service provisioning that uses traffic shaping, admission control, and response monitoring at the border of an Internet site to ensure throughput and response time guarantees.We experimentally compare an implementation of Quorum both to hardware over-provisioning and to leading software approaches using real world workloads. Our results show that Quorum can enforce the same QoS guarantees as either of the compared approaches, while achieving better resource utilization than over-provisioning and without the application rewriting overhead required by intrusive software approaches. We also demonstrate that our implementation can successfully handle extreme situations such as sudden traffic surges, application misbehavior and node failures. Furthermore, we demonstrate the flexibility of Quorum by providing QoS guarantees for a complex and heterogeneous Internet service that cannot be implemented by other current software approaches.
The effect of left dorsal and ventral ansa subclavian transection on cardiac changes during behavioral stress in dogs.

Abstract Alterations in heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVP), and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure development (LVdp/dt max) during a 13 day Sidman shock avoidance task were studied in 3 groups of four chronically prepared dogs. In one group of animals the left dorsal and ventral ansa subclavian nerves were transected between the stellate and the caudal cervical ganglia. The second group of dogs was a neurologically intact, experimental stress group, and the third group was a neurologically intact, nonstress control. The intact stress group demonstrated phasic increases in HR and LVdp/dt max during the avoidance period of each day as well as tonic increases in HR, LVP, and LVdp/dt max during the 13 days of the experiment. The nerve transection animals showed no evidence of consistent phasic increases in any of the parameters during the avoidance period. Tonic levels of LVP and LVdp/dt max in the transection group were not significantly different from controls, but tonic levels of HR remained elevated. These results suggest that the integrity of the left ansa subclavian nerves is necessary for stress induced change in LVP, LVdp/dt max, and phasic increases in HR during the avoidance period of each day. However, right cardiac sympathetic, vagal and/or afferent influences are apparently responsible for stress induced tonic changes in HR.
Online Feature Selection for Classifying Emphysema in HRCT Images

Feature subset selection, applied as a preprocessing step to machine learning, is valuable in dimensionality reduction, eliminating irrelevant data and improving classifier performance. In the classic formulation of the feature selection problem, it is assumed that all the features are available at the beginning. However, in many real world problems, there are scenarios where not all features are present initially and must be integrated as they become available. In such scenarios, online feature selection provides an efficient way to sort through a large space of features. It is in this context that we introduce online feature selection for the classification of emphysema, a smoking related disease that appears as low attenuation regions in High Resolution Computer Tomography (HRCT) images. The technique was successfully evaluated on 61 HRCT scans and compared with different online feature selection approaches, including hill climbing, best first search, grafting, and correlation-based feature selection. ...
Calorimetric determinations of the compositions, enthalpies of dissociation, and heat capacities in the range 85 to 270 K for clathrate hydrates of xenon and krypton☆

A calorimetric technique is described which gives for a single sample-loading the composition, enthalpy of dissociation, and heat capacities of gas hydrates. Heat capacities in the range 85 to 270 K and enthalpies of dissociation were obtained for structure I: Xe · 5.90H2O, and structure II: Kr · 6.10H2O, clathrate hydrates. Molar heat-capacity contributions from xenon and krypton to their hydrates are less than 3R each. The standard enthalpy of dissociation for the process (hydrate = ice + gas) at 273.15 K and 101.325 kPa is (26.50 ± 0.17) kJ · mol−1 for Xe · 5.90H2O and (19.54 ± 0.24) kJ · mol−1 for Kr · 6.10H2O.
Interrelationship of smoking and alcohol dependence, use and urges to use.

Objective: The relationship between tobacco dependence and alcohol dependence has received little empirical scrutiny. The present study of alcoholics in treatment for alcoholism investigated pretreatment tobacco and alcohol history and dependence, as well as subjective responsivity to alcohol cues. Method: Eighty-three male alcoholics underwent a questionnaire assessment of smoking and drinking pretreatment followed by a laboratory assessment of reactivity to alcohol cues. Results: The analyses demonstrate that (1) pretreatment tobacco dependence and pretreatment alcohol dependence are related, (2) alcohol dependence predicts urges to smoke during alcohol treatment, (3) exposure to alcohol cues results in increased urge to smoke, (4) smoking when ill predicts urge to drink during alcohol cue exposure and (5) urge to smoke is positively correlated with urge to drink. Conclusions: These data, collected in a population of alcoholics not currently receiving smoking interventions, indicate that smoking may be ...