cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drosophila TAFII40 interacts with both a VP16 activation domain and the basal transcription factor TFIIB

Enhancement of RNA polymerase II transcription by the viral transactivator VP16 requires the TFIID complex, which consists of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors (TAFs). Here we report the molecular cloning, expression, and biochemical characterization of Drosophila TAFII40 (dTAFII40), a subunit of TFIID. In vitro protein-protein interaction assays revealed direct binding between dTAFII40 and a 39 amino acid VP16 activation domain. In addition, affinity chromatography indicated a direct binding of the basal factor TFIIB to immobilized dTAFII40. Since VP16 also binds TFIIB, our results suggest a ternary interaction among an activator, a coactivator, and a basal transcription factor. Antibodies directed against dTAFII40 inhibited activation by GAL4-VP16 without affecting basal transcription. These results, taken together with previous studies of Sp1 and dTAFII110, establish that different activators interact with distinct TAFs in the TFIID complex and that TAFs can contact both activators and basal factors.
Snap-Gauge band vs multidisciplinary evaluation in impotence assessment.

Abstract This study compares the findings of multidisciplinary evaluation to the two-night use of the Snap-Gauge band in 100 impotent men. An organic etiology was diagnosed in 52 percent of those evaluated. The Snap-Gauge band proved accurate as a screening device for organic disease. If no elements were broken over the two-night period, this finding correlated with multisystemic diagnosis of organic etiology in 86 percent of cases. Among the, 52 patients in whom an organic etiology was diagnosed, 32 broke no elements for a 62 percent sensitivity. When more than one element was broken, the predictive value as to etiology of the erectile dysfunction diminished.
Priapism: an Update on Principles and Practices

Priapism is an erectile disorder in which erection persists uncontrollably without sexual purpose. It exists in two forms: ischemic (or low-flow) priapism, which represents the majority of cases, and nonischemic (high-flow) priapism. This condition requires prompt evaluation and management to prevent long-term sequelae of ischemic priapism, most notably erectile dysfunction. It is important that initial diagnostic steps identify the proper form of priapism because ischemic priapism is an emergency that must be treated as quickly as possible. Initial evaluation must include a history and physical exam and a corporeal blood gas analysis. Initial treatment is therapeutic aspiration of blood and subsequent intracavernous injection of sympathomimetic drugs. Only after failure of these conservative measures is the use of surgical shunts appropriate. Nonischemic priapism is not an emergency. Initial management is observation, followed by arterial embolization for patients who request intervention.
A Model for Predicting the Reliability of EEG Power Spectral Density Estimates of Subcortical Spiking Frequency

A model for predicting the reliability of power spectral density (PSD) indicators of spike-to-spike intervals taken from EEG time series is proposed. The analysis shows that the PSD is corrupted by irregularities in spike spacing and that conditions are improved if a larger number of spikes are included in the EEG epoch.
Abstract 3931: Elevated levels of poly(ADP-ribose) lead to enhanced efficacy of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is an immediate response to DNA damage. We reported previously that the failure to degrade PAR by inhibiting PAR glycohydrolase (PARG) leads to hypersensitivity to DNA damage. To investigate the ability of PARG inhibition to increase the effectiveness of DNA-damaging agents, we analyzed chromatin structure, DNA damage and repair, and cell death in PARG null trophoblast stem cells. PARG null cells displayed high levels of PAR-modified histones H1 and H2B, suggesting chromatin structural change. Chromatin decondensation was observed in PARG null cells by transmission electron microscopy. This structural change led to increased access of the DNA-modifying agent acridine orange and micrococcal nuclease. Analysis by Comet assay demonstrated an extraordinary amount of DNA damage induced by sublethal amounts of the DNA alkylating agent N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine that was subsequently not repaired in PARG null cells. To determine if this chromatin decondensation might lead to enhanced access of DNA to currently utilized DNA-modifying chemotherapeutic agents, PARG null cells were treated with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. Each induced 2 to 4 folds greater amounts of cell death in PARG null cells. Taken together, the results show that PARG inhibition enhances the efficacy of DNA-damaging agents by inducing a greater amount of DNA damage, a decrease in DNA repair, and an increase in cell death. The results therefore suggest that targeting PARG will enhance the effectiveness of DNA-modifying anti-cancer agents. This research was supported by funding from the American Cancer Society and the Pharmaceutical Research Manufacturers of America. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3931.
Issues in assessing the cost-effectiveness of coordinated DSM programs

Abstract Coordinated demand-side management (DSM) programs, co-administered by government agencies and electric and gas utilities, are likely to grow in importance in the coming years. Because of the unique features of these types of DSM programs, special care must be taken in assessing their cost-effectiveness. In this paper, we discuss these features, suggest how standard cost-effectiveness measures must be adapted to accommodate them, and show how important these adaptations are in assessing the cost-effectiveness of coordinated programs. At first, we use a least-cost, financial approach. The discussion indicates that failure to account properly for the special features of coordinated programs materially affects estimates of cost-effectiveness and, in extreme cases, may lead to rejection of otherwise cost-effective programs. Then, extending the analysis to include economic factors, we speculate that most types of coordinated programs are more attractive than when evaluated on a financial basis.
Take the car keys away: Metropolitan structure and the long road to delinquency

Abstract Purpose This research fulfills a void in offender mobility discourse. Metropolitan socioeconomic and spatial structure, defined in crime pattern theory as the urban backcloth, plays a significant role in shaping travel behavior; and yet, current analysis of offender mobility continues to favor individual characteristics to account for travel range. Methods Using a large sample of juveniles, both delinquent and at-risk youth (N = 2,552), this study compared the predictive utility of individual characteristics against indicators of urban backcloth. Results Delinquent youth were found to be more sensitive to the environmental conditions exerted by community-level socioeconomic characteristics than their at-risk counterparts. However, two factors—intercity hierarchical structure and motor vehicle access—accounted for travel variability among all youth. Conclusions Offending behavior must be examined within the context of a dynamic environmental context formed by the metropolitan socioeconomic and spatial structure. Delinquents constitute an identifiable subgroup of youth.
The relation of self-reports of hypnotic depth in self-hypnosis to hypnotizability and imagery production.

Abstract The relationship of self-reports of hypnotic depth obtained during self-hypnosis to hypnotizability and to the kinds of imagery produced during self-hypnosis is investigated. The sample consisted of 22 highly hypnotizable Ss who practiced self-hypnosis in 1-hour daily sessions for 4 weeks and kept daily journals in which they detailed the contents of their self-hypnosis experiences. The journals were coded for imagery production by scoring for both reality-oriented and primary process imagery. Ss had been taught to monitor their hypnotic depth using a slightly revised version of the Extended North Carolina Scale (ENCS) of Tart (1979). Previously, ENCS has been used only with heterohypnotic Ss. The self-reports of depth using ENCS correlated highly with hypnotizability as measured by the Revised Stanford Profile Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form I of Weitzenhoffer and Hilgard (1967) and with imagery production. Results demonstrate that ENCS scores are also a valid indicator of self-hypnotic d...
Theoretical Analysis of Shear Wave Interference Patterns by Means of Dynamic Acoustic Radiation Forces

Acoustic radiation forces associated with high intensity focused ultrasound stimulate shear wave propagation allowing shear wave speed and shear viscosity estimation of tissue structures. As wave speeds are meters per second, real time displacement tracking over an extend field-of-view using ultrasound is problematic due to very high frame rate requirements. However, two spatially separated dynamic external sources can stimulate shear wave motion leading to shear wave interference patterns. Advantages are shear waves can be imaged at lower frame rates and local interference pattern spatial properties reflect tissue’s viscoelastic properties. Here a theoretical analysis of shear wave interference patterns by means of dynamic acoustic radiation forces is detailed. Using a viscoelastic Green’s function analysis, tissue motion due to a pair of focused ultrasound beams and associated radiation forces are presented. Overall, this paper theoretically demonstrates shear wave interference patterns can be stimulated using dynamic acoustic radiation forces and tracked using conventional ultrasound imaging.
Production and economic effects of in-pond grading of channel catfish

Abstract Periodic grading and harvesting of fish has been shown to increase production of some species by removing larger fish throughout the growing season, reducing overall biomass, and increasing growth of smaller fish. Two two-year studies measured production and economic effects of the UAPB grader as compared to traditional live car grading and assessed effects of frequent harvesting and grading. Multi-batch production systems were used in both studies. In Study 1, fingerlings grew significantly better in ponds graded with the UAPB grader (0.97 g d−1) as compared to the traditional live car (0.80 g d−1) and resulted in 14% fewer under-sized ( 1.51 kg), more frequent receipt of revenue, and improved cash flow. Economic analysis showed that: (1) it was economically advantageous for catfish farmers to switch to the UAPB grader under a variety of farm size and processor dockage scenarios; and (2) increasing the frequency of harvest up to four harvests/year resulted in fewer over-sized fish, less dockage at the processing plant, improved cash flow, and more favorable economic outcomes.
The attributional style questionnaire is not transparent

Abstract Is the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Seligman, Abramson, Semmel and von Baeyer, 1979; Peterson, Semmel, von Bayer, Abramson, Metalsky and Seligman, 1982) transparent? That is, given an incentive to score well on the questionnaire, can test-takers fake the optimal responses? In two studies we randomized college students into one of three groups. To one group we offered an incentive of $100 to the individual with the best overall score. A second group received both a $100 incentive and brief coaching on how to do well, in the form of an explanation of what the test measures. A third group, the control group, was simply asked to take the questionnaire. We found no significant differences in the scores among the three groups. This suggests that the ASQ has validity even when administered to test-takers who are highly motivated to ‘beat’ it.
Medical Student, Medicine Resident, and Attending Physician Knowledge of the Medicare Prescription Drug Modernization and Improvement Act of 2003

Background: The Medicare Prescription Drug Modernization and Improvement Act of 2003 (MMA) will undoubtedly influence health care delivery and affect how physicians practice medicine in the United States. Purpose: To evaluate the extent to which medical students, medicine residents, and physicians are informed about key provisions of the MMA. Methods: Eighty-four attending physicians, 104 medicine residents, and 115 fourth-year medical students at the University of Pennsylvania were surveyed over a 2-week period in February–March 2004. The brief survey instrument consisted of 10 multiple-choice questions: 9 questions assessing how well-informed respondents were about the MMA and 1 question assessing their knowledge of general current events. Results: Most respondents (77.8%) either “strongly disagreed” or “disagreed” that they were adequately informed about the MMA. While more than half of all respondents correctly answered the two questions about drug importation from Canada and general current events, a...
Tumor promoters stimulate the formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol in murine peritoneal macrophages: a possible mechanism for stimulating superoxide anion radical production.

The formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), a known stimulator of superoxide anion radical (O2·) production in inflammatory cells, was assessed in murine peritoneal macrophages following treatment in vitro with tumor promoters. Addition of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, 1–100 ng/ml) to resident peritoneal macrophage cultures from CD-1 female mice resulted in a 3- to 7-fold increase in [3H]DAG formation. The response was observed from 15 min to 2 h following the addition of PMA. At concentrations at which they stimulate O2· production, PMA and other tumor promoters such as mezerein, phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and 4-O-methyl-PMA stimulated the formation of [3H]DAG. Similar results were obtained when thioglycollate-elicited macrophages were used. Concurrent with the formation of [3H]DAG was a release of [3H]choline equivalents from the resident peritoneal macrophages treated with tumor promoters. The calcium ionophore A23187 did not stimulate O2· production or [3H]DAG formation in resident peritoneal macrophages. These results demonstrate that tumor promoters stimulate the accumulation of DAGs in murine peritoneal macrophages at concentrations at which they stimulate O2· production and suggest a mechanism by which tumor promoters such as mezerein, which are weak activators of protein kinase C, may indirectly stimulate O2· production.
Tests of association between survival time and a continuous covariate

Proportional hazards model(Cox, 1972) is reviewed for the case of grouped data with one continuously measured covariate. This leads to a logit-rank procedure for tied data which is reduced to the test proposed by O’Brien(1978) and studied by O’Quigley and Prentice(1991) in the absence of ties. The proposed test is then applied to a special ranking method in order to study non-monotonic associations.
Prostaglandin E1 Treatment for Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis: Review of the Literature

Background The important pathophysiologic factor of neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC) in lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) has been reported to be the reduction in intraneural blood flow and a state of relative ischemia in nerve tissues. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) presumably improves symptoms in patients with LSCS by improving the blood flow in the cauda equina and nerve roots through its vasodilation and antiplatelet aggregation effects. The purpose of the study was to summarize the results of previous studies regarding PGE1 treatment for LSCS and to describe the details of PGE1 treatment to all physicians who take care of patients with LSCS. Methods Review of the literature. Results There are 3 PGE1-related products that have been used clinically for the treatment of LSCS: PGE1, lipo-PGE1, and limaprost (PGE1 derivative). Experimental studies have been performed to verify the efficacy of PGE1 treatment for LSCS. Many studies have reported clinical outcomes of PGE1 treatment in patients with LSCS. Overall, previous studies examining PGE1 treatment for LSCS demonstrate improvement in several clinical outcome measures such as the visual analog scale, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and NIC distance, although most of the studies have only short-term follow-up. Conclusions Based on the results of previous studies, PGE1 treatment may be an option as a conservative treatment for LSCS. However, future studies with high-quality and long-term follow-up are necessary. Future studies also should include refinement of indications, administration period, as well as comparisons between PGE1 treatment and other conservative treatments such as epidural injection.
CONTROLLED TRIALS OF REMEDIAL APPROACHES TO READING DISABILITY

A WIDE variety of strategies haye been applied to remediate children's reading disorders. Most, if not all, are based on theoretical models concerning the nature of the underlying types of dysfunction that are believed to be responsible for the reading disorder. For the most part, the view^s held on the nature of the deficits of children w^ith reading disorders do not emanate from systematic studies of such children. Rather, they range from highly personal, idiosyncratic view^s concerning the origins of reading disorders, to principles based on current theories of cognitive development. As is often the case in the history of therapeutics, theories have had a major impact on practice, leading to very different approaches in the remediation of children v^ith reading disorders due to divergent views as to the nature of the problem. Broadly speaking, the theories fall into tvs^o categories. Those that place emphasis on training the child to improve motor, sensory Eind perceptual skills because of the belief that they are basic functions whose acquisition is necessary before the proper development of reading is possible, and those that look upon language development as part and parcel of the reading process so that disorders of reading are believed to involve delays in language skill development. The first view has led to treatment approaches that do not instruct the children in the specifics of reading, but attempt to remediate the basic functions that are claimed to be the causal defect. In contrast, the notion that language is an important aspect of development for reading to occur has generated remedial programs that teach reading directly and that also incorporate instruction in comprehension . In recent years there has been a shift away from the view that perceptual and sensory factors are critical, and greater attention has been paid to language processes among children with reading disorders. This evolution reflects accumulating evidence of impairment in language function among children with reading disorders. However, there is still no unanimity about the specific nature of the handicaps in readingdisorders and their treatment; consequently, this report summarizes the evidence stemming from a variety of interventions.
Serotonin: Synthesis and Release from the Myenteric Plexus of the Mouse Intestine

After injection of its radioactive precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan, radioactive serotonin was biosynthesized and bound in the myenteric plexus of the mouse intestine. Addition of nonradioactive serotonin to preparations in vitro caused a net release of radioactive serotonin from the plexus. This release appeared to result from activity in the intramural nervous system of the intestine. A neurotransmitter role between sensory and motor neurons in the peristaltic reflex pathway is suggested as a working hypothesis to explain the action of serotonin.
Identification of Methylated Nucleosides in Messenger RNA from Novikoff Hepatoma Cells

Abstract The poly(A) tract found in eukaryotic mRNA was used to study methylation in mRNA obtained from Novikoff hepatoma cells. Methyl labeling of RNA was achieved with L-[methyl-3H]methionine under conditions that suppress radioactive incorporation into the purine ring. RNA that contains a poly(A) segment was obtained from polysomal RNA by chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of this RNA revealed a pattern expected for mRNA. The composition of the methyl-labeled nucleosides in the RNA was analyzed after complete enzymatic degradation to nucleosides. By use of DEAE-cellulose (borate) chromatography, which separates 2′-O-methylnucleosides from normal and base-methylated nucleosides, about 50% of the radioactivity was recovered in the 2′-O-methylnucleoside fraction and 50% in the base-methylnucleoside fraction. High-speed liquid chromatography (Aminex A-5) of the 2′-O-methylnucleoside fraction produced four peaks coincident with the four 2′-O-methylnucleoside standards. Analysis of the base-methylnucleoside fraction revealed a unique pattern. While ribosomal RNA and tRNA possessed complex base-methylnucleoside patterns, the distribution in mRNA was quite simple, consisting predominantly of N6-methyladenosine. These results demonstrate a unique distribution of methylated nucleosides in mRNA. By analogy to ribosomal RNA synthesis, the presence of methylnucleosides in mRNA may reflect a cellular mechanism for the selective processing of certain mRNA sequences.
Mercury: What's In It For Kids?

Mercury has long been an object of fascination and fear. There have been increasing reports in the media on various mercury exposures, raising concern and confusion in both the public and medical field about its toxicity and need for specific treatment. There has also been increasing concern from national environmental and public health agencies over low-level mercury exposure, especially in children. In its most familiar, elemental form, mercury presents an inhalational hazard. Less familiar are the other species: inorganic mercury, a potential threat to the gastrointestinal and renal systems; and various organic forms that include the neurotoxic methylmercury, associated historically with seafood contamination in Minamata Bay, Japan. The consequences to exposed children depend on the specific form of mercury and the circumstances of the exposure. The practitioner must be able to distinguish among these forms and their routes of exposure, to assess for toxicity, and to formulate a plan for mitigation and treatment.
Disk MHD Generator For A Burst Power Gas Core Reactor

The design methodology for the disk MHD generator component of a burst power (1 GWe-power level) gas core reactor (BPGCR) is presented in this paper. A disk MHD generator model is used with simple models of other important BPGCR system components, in parametric analyses to estimate BPGCR system performance levels, and to obtain disk MHD generator design parameters; implications of this analysis are addressed.
Dosing in Children: A Critical Review of the Pharmacokinetic Allometric Scaling and Modelling Approaches in Paediatric Drug Development and Clinical Settings

It should be recognized that children are not small adults, hence dosing in children should not be a ‘small adult dose’. A mean population dose in all age groups is just an average dose and not necessarily the best or the correct dose for a given patient. The dose of a drug varies from patient to patient and individual adjustment of the dose is always ideal but is not always practical. Theoretically, dose selection in paediatric drug development or clinical settings can be done by using either body weight or the clearance of a drug. Over the years, a lot of approaches have been suggested for the prediction of drug clearance or dose in paediatrics. Although some proposed methods are useful for the prediction of clearance or dose in children, there remains a high degree of uncertainty in the prediction of drug clearance or dose in children. In particular, the prediction of clearance or dose in an individual patient remains highly erratic. This review takes a critical look at these approaches and highlights the application and limitations of these proposed methods.
A single op amp differential Sallen–Key biquad

This work reports a fully differential architecture of a Sallen–Key biquad realised with a single op amp. The proposed implementation is beneficial for suppressing common-mode and supply noise. The circuit was designed and simulated using ON Semiconductor's 0.5- technology.
The photodissociation of UF6 using infrared lasers

Abstract The ir collisionless multiple photon absorption (cmpa) photodissociation of UF 6 is reported. Single frequency photodissociation is a accomplished with the focused output from a pulsed CF 4 laser operating at 615 cm -1 . When focusing the CF 4 laser output with a 7.5 cm f.1. lens, photodissociation is observed at laser energies as low as 5 mJ. By using a CO 2 laser (0.7 J, 1077 cm -1 ) in concert with the CF 4 laser, significant enhancement (factors of 10–100) of the photodissociation yield is obtained at low CF 4 laser energies. Electronic emission is observed from the focal region, but only when both lasers are present.
Plasma Testosterone Concentrations in Adult Tree Swallows During the Breeding Season

Abstract We studied seasonal profiles of circulating testosterone concentrations among male and female adult Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) breeding in nest-box colonies near Ames, Iowa, USA. Mean plasma testosterone in males was elevated during nest establishment (0.63 ± 0.86 ng/ml) and incubation stages (0.28 ± 0.26 ng/ml), and was significantly lower after hatching (0.03 ± 0.05 ng/ml) when males began provisioning nestlings. Male swallows do not incubate and high testosterone during the incubation stage may facilitate pursuit of extra-pair matings. Female testosterone concentrations were an order of magnitude lower than those of males (nest establishment, mean = 0.06 ± 0.09 ng/ml) and did not change significantly over the breeding season. These testosterone profiles support the hypothesis that elevated testosterone in males is associated with defense behaviors and obtaining additional mating opportunities during the first part of the breeding season, but is incompatible with parental care once t...
Derived rules of inference related to the continuity of effective operations

In [B1] and [B2] we have shown that the classical theorems on the continuity of effective operations are not derivable in various constructive formal systems. The purpose of this paper is to establish that these systems are closed under the corresponding rules of inference, which have the form: If e can be proved to be (the index of) an effective operation, then e can be proved to be continuous. In fact we establish closure under apparently stronger rules of the form, if e can be proved to be an effective operation, then e * can be proved to be (the index of) a modulus of continuity for e , where e * is canonically obtained from e . We again deal with two kinds of effective operations: (i) partial operations on partial arguments, and (ii) total operations on total arguments. The continuity theorem for operations of kind (i) is due to Myhill-Shepherdson [MS] and is called MS; for kind (ii) is due to Kreisel, Lacombe, and Shoenfield [KLS] and is called KLS. We also deal with effective operations on the (recursive) real numbers, which are of kind (ii). In [B1], [B2] it is shown that KLS and MS are derivable in in-tuitionistic arithmetic HA from Markov's principle MP (this follows from examination of the classical proofs); that they do not imply MP in HA; and that they are not derivable in HA. (These theorems remain true when HA is replaced by various stronger systems.) The derived rules to be established in this paper therefore represent nontrivial closure properties of the systems to which they apply.
Metamorphism, geochemistry and origin of magnesian volcanic rocks, Klamath Mountains, California

Metabasaltic rocks in the Klamath Mountains of California with 'komatiitic' major element concentrations were investigated in order to elucidate the origin of the magnesian signature. Trace-element concentra- tions preserve relict igneous trends and suggest that the rocks are not komatiitic basalts, but immature arc rocks and within-plate alkalic lavas. Correlation of 'excess' MgO with the volume per cent hornblende (fclinopyroxene) suggests that the presence of cumulus phases contributes to the MgO-rich compositions. Early submarine alteration produced regional 6'*0 values of +10 f 1.5Y~ and shifts in A1203, Na,O, and K20 concentrations. Regional metamorphic grade in the study area varies from biotite-zone greenschist facies (350-550' C, c. 3 kbar) southward to prehnite-actinolite facies (200-400' C, c3 kbar), but little isotopic or elemental change occurred during the regional recrystallization. The greenschist facies assemblage is actinolitic hornblende + phengite + epidote + sodic plagioclase + microcline + chlorite + titanite + hematite + quartz in Ti-poor metabasaltic rocks; in addition to these phases biotite is present in Ti-rich analogues. Lower grade greenstones contain prehnite and more nearly stoichiometric actinolite. The moderate to low pressures of regional metamorphism are compatible with P-T conditions in a magmatic arc. Later contact metamorphism at 2-2.9 f 0.5 kbar and at peak temperatures approaching 600" C around the English Peak and Russian Peak granodiorites produced 3-4-km-wide aureoles typified by gradual, systematic increases in the pargasite content of amphibole, muscovite content of potassic white mica, and anorthite content of plagioclase compositions. Metasomatism during contact metamorph- ism produced further increases in bulk-rock 6'80SMOW of as much as +6%. Thus, the unusually MgO-rich nature of the Sawyers Bar rocks may be attributed at least partly to metasomatism and the presence of magnesian cumulus phases.
Inhibition of GSK3β improves hippocampus-dependent learning and rescues neurogenesis in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common inherited form of intellectual disability with learning deficits, results from a loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Despite extensive research, treatment options for FXS remain limited. Since FMRP is known to play an important role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampus-dependent learning and FMRP regulates the adult neural stem cell fate through the translational regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), we investigated the effects of a GSK3β inhibitor, SB216763, on Fmr1 knockout mice (Fmr1 KO). We found that the inhibition of GSK3β could reverse the hippocampus-dependent learning deficits and rescue adult hippocampal neurogenesis at multiple stages in Fmr1 KO mice. Our results point to GSK3β inhibition as a potential treatment for the learning deficits seen in FXS.
Selective neurocognitive impairments in adolescents with major depressive disorder.

This study investigated whether major depression in adolescence is characterized by neurocognitive deficits in attention, affective decision making, and cognitive control of emotion processing. Neuropsychological tests including the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, the Continuous Performance Test–Identical Pairs, the Attention Network Test, the Iowa Gambling Task, the Emotional Go-NoGo Task, and the Face Go-NoGo Task were administered to adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (n = 31) and psychiatric diagnosis free controls (n = 30). Findings indicated that compared with controls, depressed adolescents exhibited impaired sustained attention; a gender by group interaction on affective decision making such that depressed males tended to make less advantageous choices on the IGT; and an inverse pattern of correlations between depressive symptom counts and reaction time to affective stimuli, characterizing greater affective reactivity in depressed adolescents. Findings demonstrate that adolescents with MDD display selective neurocognitive impairments on tasks capturing ‘cool’ and ‘hot’ executive functioning.
Radiative properties of films using partial coherence theory

Wave optics, geometrical optics, and partial coherence approaches for the calculation of radiative properties of single and multilayer thin films with arbitrary angles of incidence are presented with emphasis on the partial coherence approach. Solution methodologies are compared and a partial coherence approach is shown applicable over the entire range of film sizes. The effects of film thickness, angle of incidence, polarization, and bandwidth of radiation on radiative properties of single films is demonstrated. Hemispherical reflectance is used to typify gross film radiative properties over all angles. Multilayer film theory is employed to examine the effect of substrate thickness for a case of interest. Proposed regime limits are investigated using simple material models and a typical regime map delineating thick and thin films is presented.
Local versus global texture analysis for lung nodule image retrieval

Intensity overlap often occurs in medical images, making it difficult to identify different anatomical structures using intensity alone. Research studies have shown that texture is an important component in quantifying the visual appearance of anatomical structures, and is therefore valuable in the analysis, interpretation, and retrieval of lung nodules. The goal of our research study is to present a comparison between the different texture models: Gabor filters, Markov Random Field (MRF), and global & local co-occurrence. For comparison purposes we utilized Manhattan, Euclidean, and Chebyshev distances for one-dimensional feature vectors (global co-occurrence) while for two-dimensional feature comparison (local co-occurrence, Gabor filters, and MRF) we utilized the similarity measures Chi-Square and JeffreyDivergence. Local co-occurrence contains many different variable aspects in its design that can considerably change the success of its results. A thorough examination of local co-occurrence’s variables is discussed. All of the discussed texture models are presented in the context of our previous Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) System [1]. BRISC utilizes the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) database. We have found that Gabor and MRF texture descriptors produce the best retrieval results regardless of the nodule size, number of retrieved items or similarity metric with an average precision of 88%. Global co-occurrence performed the worse at 44% precision yet when co-occurrence was performed locally (local co-occurrence) the precision results improved to 64%. A combination of all the features worked the best with 91% precision.
Phosphatidate Phosphatase Activity Plays Key Role in Protection against Fatty Acid-induced Toxicity in Yeast

The PAH1-encoded phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a pivotal enzyme that produces diacylglycerol for the synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) and simultaneously controls the level of PA used for phospholipid synthesis. Quantitative lipid analysis showed that the pah1Δ mutation caused a reduction in TAG mass and an elevation in the mass of phospholipids and free fatty acids, changes that were more pronounced in the stationary phase. The levels of unsaturated fatty acids in the pah1Δ mutant were unaltered, although the ratio of palmitoleic acid to oleic acid was increased with a similar change in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids. The pah1Δ mutant exhibited classic hallmarks of apoptosis in stationary phase and a marked reduction in the quantity of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Cells lacking PA phosphatase were sensitive to exogenous fatty acids in the order of toxicity palmitoleic acid > oleic acid > palmitic acid. In contrast, the growth of wild type cells was not inhibited by fatty acid supplementation. In addition, wild type cells supplemented with palmitoleic acid exhibited an induction in PA phosphatase activity and an increase in TAG synthesis. Deletion of the DGK1-encoded diacylglycerol kinase, which counteracts PA phosphatase in controlling PA content, suppressed the defect in lipid droplet formation in the pah1Δ mutant. However, the sensitivity of the pah1Δ mutant to palmitoleic acid was not rescued by the dgk1Δ mutation. Overall, these findings indicate a key role of PA phosphatase in TAG synthesis for protection against fatty acid-induced toxicity.
Dispersion of Rayleigh Waves across Australia

Summury The history of seismological investigations of Australian crustal structure is outlined. New measurements have been made of phase and group velocities of Rayleigh waves for a number of continental paths. The most extensive empirical dispersion curve comes from a Solomon Islands earthquake which lies near a great circle through the Charters Towers and Perth observatories. This curve is in general agreement with published values for the Canadian Shield. It indicates a mean crustal thickness between 30 and 35 km. Some variation in crustal properties is indicated towards the northwest. The average crust under the Coral Sea may be 30 per cent thinner than that under the continent. In this paper measurements of dispersion in Rayleigh waves recorded at Brisbane, Charters Towers and Perth seismological observatories are presented. Comparison of these data with similar measurements for the Canadian Shield and with theoretical dispersion curves provides fresh evidence on the structure of the Australian continental crust. Broadly, the continent may be divided into three main geological provinces (cf. Bureau of Mineral Resources, 1960). The great Pre-Cambrian Shield, with
Depression, self-derogation, substance use, and suicide ideation: lack of purpose in life as a mediational factor

A theoretical model of adolescent behavior is examined separately for males and females (N = 722). The model hypothesizes that depression and self-derogation may lead to a lack of purpose in life, which, in turn, may lead to suicide ideation and substance use. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation procedures were used to examine the model, using Bentler's (1984) EQS computer program, which is available from BMDP. For both the men and women, the model adequately accounted for the data although there were some important differences between the sexes. In response to psychic discomfort (i.e., Depression and Self-derogation), men are more apt to turn to drugs and alcohol, whereas women consider suicide. Conversely, the situation changes in response to feelings of meaninglessness or a lack of purpose in life. Here, the females appear to turn to substance use, whereas the males react with thoughts of suicide.
Search, choice, and revealed preference

With complete information, choice of one option over another conveys preference. Yet when search is incomplete, this is not necessarily the case. It may instead reflect unawareness that a superior alternative was available. To separate these phenomena, we consider nonstandard data on the evolution of provisional choices with contemplation time. We characterize precisely when the resulting data could have been generated by a general form of sequential search. We characterize also search that terminates based on a reservation utility stopping rule. We outline an experimental design that captures provisional choices in the predecision period.
Thiourethane‐based thiol‐ene high Tg networks: Preparation, thermal, mechanical, and physical properties

Thiourethane-based thiol-ene (TUTE) films were prepared from diisocyanates, tetrafunctional thiols and trienes. The incorporation of thiourethane linkages into the thiol-ene networks results in TUTE films with high glass transition temperatures. Increases of Tg were achieved by aging at room temperature and annealing the UV cured films at 85 °C. The aged/annealed film with thiol prepared from isophorone diisocyanate and cured with a 10,080-mJ/cm2 radiant exposure had the highest DMA-based glass transition temperature (108 °C) and a tan δ peak with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 22 °C, indicating a very uniform matrix structure. All of the initially prepared TUTE films exhibited good physical and mechanical properties based on pencil hardness, pendulum hardness, impact, and bending tests. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5103–5111, 2007
MIMO channel estimation based on ambiguity resistant filtering and decimated feedback

A power and bandwidth efficient dual channel identification scheme based on decimated signal feedback was recently established by Xu et al for duplex wireless communication systems. Instead of estimating and feeding back channel parameters, the mobile station returns a portion of its received data back to the base station for channel identification. In this paper, we generalize the forward-link channel estimation concept to multiple-input-multiple-output communication systems. More importantly, we incorporate a simple ambiguity resistant FIR filter at the mobile station to simplify the channel identification ambiguity matrix to a scalar. Numerical simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed method
Consultant competence trust doesn't pay off, but benevolent trust does! Managing knowledge with care

Purpose – Consultants are hired for their domain expertise. For long‐term engagements, the role of their expertise diminishes as the need to develop personal trust gains significance for a successful project outcome. The purpose of this paper is to examine trust and knowledge management in the context of project teams, exploring the trusting relationship between external consultants and internal clients.Design/methodology/approach – Two questionnaire surveys were developed, and a field survey of consultant‐functional specialist dyads yielded 80 matching‐pair responses. A regression analysis approach was used to test the hypotheses.Findings – In enterprise systems implementation projects, consultants are typically hired for their expertise in the domain – i.e. competence trust. Counter to conventional wisdom, benevolent trust influenced the success of an effective transfer of implementation knowledge.Research limitations/implications – The limitations of the study include the inability to capture temporal ...
DTT: direct truncation of the transfer function - an alternative to moment matching for tree structured interconnect

A method is introduced to evaluate time domain signals within RLC trees with arbitrary accuracy in response to any input signal. This method depends on finding a low frequency reduced-order transfer function by direct truncation of the exact transfer function at different nodes of an RLC tree. The method is numerically accurate for any order of approximation, which permits approximations to be determined with a large number of poles appropriate for approximating RLC trees with underdamped responses. The method is computationally efficient with a complexity linearly proportional to the number of branches in an RLC tree. A common set of poles is determined that characterizes the responses at all of the nodes of an RLC tree which further enhances the computational efficiency. Stability is guaranteed by the DTT method for low-order approximations with less than five poles. Such low-order approximations are useful for evaluating monotone responses exhibited by RC circuits.
Three-Component Storm Hydrograph Separation of a Karst Spring Contaminated by Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Central Indiana

Abstract Hydrogen and carbon isotopes were used to infer the sources of spring discharge at Illinois Central Emergence during a major storm event. The stable isotopes of hydrogen allowed for the separation of pre-storm groundwater from storm water across a storm hydrograph. The carbon isotopes were then used to separate further the pre-storm water into epikarst and phreatic storage. The two component hydrograph separation using hydrogen isotopic data indicates that the pre-storm water (epikarst and phreatic) constitute a higher percentage of the total discharge than storm water for the duration of the storm event. The three component separation using carbon isotopic data indicates that the Illinois Central Emergence draws heavily from the epikarst zone throughout the storm event. For the May/June 1997 storm event at Illinois Central Emergence, the relative percentages of storm, epikarst, and phreatic water were 5, 90, and 5%, respectively. This information aids in the investigation of the storage and transport of subsurface contaminants and also may be used to develop and implement a remediation plan to address the contaminants present at the site.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Multiple Imputation Using Bayesian Networks for Incomplete Intelligent Transportation Systems Data

The rich data on intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are a precious resource for transportation researchers and practitioners. However, the usability of this resource is greatly limited by missing data. Many imputation methods have been proposed in the past decade. However, some issues are still not addressed or are not sufficiently addressed, for example, the missing of entire records, temporal correlation in observations, natural characteristics in raw data, and unbiased estimates for missing values. This paper proposes an advanced imputation method based on recent development in other disciplines, especially applied statistics. The method uses a Bayesian network to learn from the raw data and a Markov chain Monte Carlo technique to sample from the probability distributions learned by the Bayesian network. It imputes the missing data multiple times and makes statistical inferences about the result. In addition, the method incorporates a time series model so that it allows data missing in entire row...
Drawing Shadows to Stone

Drawing Shadows to Stone: Photographing North Pacific Peoples (1897-1902). American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, November 14, 1997- March 1, 1998. Drawing Shadows to Stone: The Photography of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, 1897-1902. Laurel Kendall. Barbara Mathe. and Thomas Ross Miller. with Stanley A. Freed. Ruth S. Freed. and Laila Williamson. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1997, and Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997. 112 pp., 97 illust.
Landfill leachate treatment for biological nutrient removal from wastewater

Substantial volumes of leachate have been generated at the recently opened lined cells of the Orange County Landfill located in central Florida. To accommodate these volumes, a force main was installed to deliver leachate to the Eastern Service Area Wastewater Treatment Facility (ESAWTF) operated by the Orange County Public Utilities Division, which uses a biological nutrient removal process. Four previous attempts to treat this leachate during late 1991 and early 1992 at the ESAWTF were implicated in plant episodes of high effluent nitrogen concentrations. The objectives of the study described here were to investigate contributing factors to effluent nitrogen excursions and to identify an appropriate operating strategy necessary to meet effluent limitations when treating leachate. These objectives were met using a series of batch tests to evaluate ammonia removal rates by plant mixed liquor in the presence of various leachate volumetric additions. Results of batch tests were subsequently confirmed during full–scale testing. Based on batch and full–scale testing, treatment of leachate at the ESAWTF appeared to be an acceptable means of disposal provided that leachate loadings were not excessive, a period of acclimation was provided, and operational adjustments for high nitrogen loading were made.