cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lithium in foraminiferal shells: implications for high-temperature hydrothermal circulation fluxes and oceanic crustal generation rates

The lithium content of planktonic foraminiferal calcite has been determined to evaluate temporal variability of seawater Li concentrations over the past 116 m.y. Mean foraminiferal calcite lithium/calcium in each time interval is no more than 16% greater nor 25% less than the mean Li/Ca of all samples. Li/Ca minima are observed for samples from 50–60 m.y. and 80–90 m.y., with Li/Ca about 25% lower than in adjacent time intervals. At no time during the past 40 m.y does mean Li/Ca appear to be higher than that at present. Subject to the limitations imposed by sample coverage and diagenesis, a similar conclusion holds for the past 116 m.y. Coupled with an oceanic mass balance model for Li, these data suggest that: (1) oceanic Li concentrations and, therefore, high-temperature hydrothermal circulation fluxes during the past 40 m.y. (and perhaps the past 100 m.y.) have not been more than perhaps 30–40% greater than at present for intervals any longer than a million years at most, and (2) these fluxes werenot a factor of two higher 100 m.y. ago. By inference, variations in oceanic crustal generation rates over these time periods are similarly limited. Decreases in hydrothermal circulation fluxes and crustal generation rates or fluctuations up to 20% in these rates of a few million years duration arenot necessarily ruled out by the Li/Ca data. The lack of variability in Li/Ca over time is not unequivocal evidence that hydrothermal fluxes have not varied because the rates of removal processes may be linked to changes in input fluxes.
Involuntary commitment as a psychiatric technology.

In the process of involuntary commitment,1 the state makes available its coercive power for use as a psychiatric technology. This application of the state's power is based on the idea that mental illness can make a person not only sick but also unaware of the illness, and dangerous or unable to care for his/her basic needs; thus, coercion may have to be used to secure the mentally ill person's and/or the public's safety, and to give treatment until the illness abates.
Asymptotic behavior of the effectiveness factor for variable activity catalysts

Abstract This paper studies the asymptotic behavior of the effectiveness factor for a catalyst with variable catalytic activity at large values of the Thiele modulus. The Liouvdle-Green (or WKBJ) approximation is employed to develop the asymptotic expansion of the solution of the linear diffusion-reaction equation. Asymptotic expressions are derived for variable catalytic activities in a catalyst pellet of a general geometry. These solutions are then used to obtain the asymptotic behavior of the effectiveness factor at large values of the Thiele modulus. The asymptotic results extend the concept of shape normalization to catalysts of nonuniform activity.
Androgenetic rainbow trout produced from inbred and outbred sperm sources show similar survival

Abstract Androgenesis is a technique that could facilitate the rapid production of completely homozygous isogenic lines of fish. We induced diploid androgenesis in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) by fertilizing 60Co gamma-irradiated eggs with untreated sperm and then blocking the first cleavage division with hydrostatic pressure. Electrophoresis of enzymes encoded by seven loci confirmed the complete homozygosity and all-paternal inheritance of the androgenetic progeny. We used sperm from both inbred and outbred strains to determine if the survival of androgens was greater with sperm from inbred males because of a reduction in the number of deleterious recessive alleles in inbred strains. Survival of androgenetic diploids from inbred and outbred sperm sources was similar and significantly below that of outbred controls. The similar survival of androgens from inbred and outbred sperm sources may be the result of high treatment mortality associated with androgenesis.
Contradictions of commitment in the new economy: Insecurity, time, and technology

Abstract The new flexible, 24/7 economy is characterized by employment insecurity, time pressure, and technologies that increase employees’ accessibility to their workplace. Accompanying these changes is a changing social contract between employees and their employers. Labor process and organizational theories suggest that these employment characteristics will undermine the attachment component of organizational commitment that remains an important feature of contemporary workplaces. We use an unpublished dataset of a nationally representative sample of employed individuals from the Families and Work Life Institute to test hypotheses linking the attachment component of organizational commitment to organizational insecurity, time pressure, and technologically created accessibility. Our expectation is that these changes will be particularly important for decreasing older cohorts of workers’ attachment to the organization since they have experienced a change in the social contract. The data are largely consistent with these expectations.
Comparison of the Effect of Various Chemical Peeling Agents in a Mini‐Pig Model

BACKGROUND With the advent of newer chemical peels, there is now a wide range of peeling agents that can be applied on specific patients. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to closely examine the more common chemical peeling agents at different concentrations. METHODS The study methods were carried out by thoroughly cleansing the skin surface with acetone. Different concentrations of the chemical peels were applied on different skin areas (2 × 2 cm each) and left on the skin for 15 minutes: phenol-Bakers, 25%, 50%, 75%, 88%; trichloroacetic acid, 25%, 50%, 75%; glycolic acid, 50%, 70%; and pyruvic acid, 50%, 100%. Serial biopsies were taken from each peeling site at 1, 7, and 21 days post-peel. Biopsies were then evaluated for epidermal changes, inflammation, and collagen deposition. RESULTS The results show that Bakers phenol peel caused the most inflammation and nonspecific reaction, and in addition, a proportionate amount of new collagen deposition. Plus, increasing concentrations of phenol and TCA caused increasing amount of epidermal sloughing and inflammation after 1 day post-peel. The extent of reaction from the phenol and TCA was directly proportional to the collagen deposition at 21 days. CONCLUSIONS The glycolic acid and pyruvic acid caused minimal nonspecific reaction. However, the collagen deposition caused by the glycolic acid and pyruvic acid was disproportionately increased suggesting a direct stimulatory effect by the two agents.
Multimode Analysis of the Hollow Plasma Channel Wakefield Accelerator

The hollow plasma channel is analyzed as an accelerating structure. The excitation of the channel by an ultra-relativistic beam is analyzed. Coupling to the fundamental and all higher order azimuthal modes of the excited electromagnetic fields is derived. Implications of this work for plasma-based accelerators, including beam loading and beam breakup, are discussed. Small initial transverse displacements of the beam are shown to couple to deflecting modes in the channel. The asymptotic growth rate of the resultant beam breakup instability is analyzed and a method for reducing the growth is proposed.
Tumors and DNA adducts in mice exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and coal tars: implications for risk assessment.

Current methods to estimate the quantitative cancer risk of complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as coal tar assume that overall potency can be derived from knowledge of ...
Relationship Between Pictorial Interpretation and Comprehension of Three Spatial Relations in School-Age Children

Effects on spatial term comprehension as the result of transformations in the stimulus dimensions of six pictures containing the same three figures were explored using Piaget’s concept of spatial p...
Lin28b Reprograms Adult Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Progenitors to Mediate Fetal-Like Lymphopoiesis

The immune system develops in waves during ontogeny; it is initially populated by cells generated from fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and later by cells derived from adult HSCs. Remarkably, the genetic programs that control these two distinct stem cell fates remain poorly understood. We report that Lin28b is specifically expressed in mouse and human fetal liver and thymus, but not in adult bone marrow or thymus. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of Lin28 reprograms hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from adult bone marrow, which endows them with the ability to mediate multilineage reconstitution that resembles fetal lymphopoiesis, including increased development of B-1a, marginal zone B, gamma/delta (γδ) T cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells.
Optimal charge rates for a lithium ion cell

Abstract The optimum charge rate for a lithium ion cell at each cycle is determined to maximize the useful life of the cell without using optimization algorithms. In previous work, we showed that by applying a dynamic optimization routine the number of cycles can be increased by approximately 29.4% with respect to the case with one optimal charge current [7] . The dynamic optimization results indicated that the optimum charge rates are the minimum currents at which the constraints for the useful life are satisfied. This is due to the minimum charge rate resulting in minimum side reaction rate and capacity fade. Useful cell life is defined as the number of cycles before the end of discharge voltage (EODV) drops below 3.0 V or the cell discharge capacity becomes less than 20% of the original discharge capacity. The new approach presented in this work is able to find the optimal charge rates in a few minutes while the previous optimization algorithm takes at least one day, and improves the useful cell life by approximately 41.6% with respect to using only one optimal charge current.
A generalized partial molar volume algorithm provides fast estimates of CO2 storage capacity in depleted oil and gas reservoirs

Abstract This manuscript presents an analytical method to estimate the ultimate CO 2 storage capacity in depleted oil and gas reservoirs by implementing a volume-constrained thermodynamic equation of state (EOS) and using average reservoir pressure and fluid composition. This method can handle all impurities contained in the injection stream by defining and applying a generalized partial molar volume calculation. The developed algorithm provides fast and thermodynamically consistent estimates of storage capacity and enables the selection of candidate storage reservoirs, schedule injection strategies, and design of surface facilities including compressors and tubulars. Results from this analytical method are in excellent agreement with those from a commercial reservoir simulator. A total of 24 numerical runs were conducted to evaluate scenarios with large pressure and compositional gradients while injecting. The reservoir used was heterogeneous, had a five-spot injection pattern and local grid refinement in the neighborhood of wells. CO 2 storage capacity was predicted with an average difference of 1.26 wt% between analytical and numerical methods; average oil, gas, and water saturations at the end of injection were also matched within 2.35% difference. Additionally, the analytical algorithm performed several orders of magnitude faster than numerical simulation, with an average of 5 s per run.
Performing History: Theatrical Representations of the Past in Contemporary Theatre. By Freddie Rokem. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2000; pp. 241 + ill. $42.95 hardcover

At first glance, Freddie Rokem's violent yoking of two unrelated events, the French Revolution and the Shoah, seems a bit odd. Rokem has good reason for linking plays treating these disparate subjects, however: both phenomena encourage a view of history “as a series of tragic failures of basic human values” (1) and, as such, the two are viewed dialectically. (In postwar theatre, the Terror has often served as a metaphor for the horrors of World War II.) Issues of representation also seem to make the coupling of these events unusual. While the French Revolution's self-conscious spectacularization seems to lend itself to theatre, the subjective, occluded suffering characterizing the Shoah nearly defies representation. This contrast would seem to present opposing challenges to playwrights, yet, frequently, dramas about the French Revolution and the Shoah employ similar metatheatrical devicessuch as plays within playsto present their histories.
Numerical capturing of some hydrodynamical shocks

Abstract Based on von Neumann ideas (Proposal and analysis of a numerical method for the treatment of hydrodynamical shock problems, in: A.H. Taub, General Ed., Collected Works, Vol. VI, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1963, pp. 361–379), later developed by Lax (T.Y. Hou, P.D. Lax, Dispersive approximations in fluid dynamics, Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 44 (1991) 1–40) and Greenberg (Commun. Pure Appl. Math. XLV (1992) 1125–1139; J.M. Greenberg, G. Hedstrom, A note on a model for quasilinear wave equation, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 40 (1971) 160–165), in this paper we present a method for hydrodynamical shocks generation. We determine weak solutions of one-dimensional nonlinear wave equation which present shocks and we give also a numerical treatment for capturing these shocks.
Trauma systems and timing of patient transfer: are we improving?

Abstract Introduction The regionalization of trauma services is based on the premise that injured persons presenting to nontertiary facilities will be stabilized and rapidly transported to a more definitive center. Although trauma systems seem to improve outcomes for urban patients, this same benefit has not been shown for rural patients. There are many factors associated with the decision to transfer injured patients to a regional trauma center, including referral hospital and patient age, for example. The purpose of this study is to examine factors that influence the timing of transfer of trauma patients and specifically to determine if establishing specific trauma systems has led to any changes in transfer timing over time. Methods The trauma registry at the University of Wisconsin was queried for all patients admitted between July 1, 1999, and June 30, 2005. Patients were included in this study if they had been transferred to the university hospital after evaluation at an outside hospital. The registry variables that were abstracted were age, referring hospital, emergency department (ED) time at referring hospital, injury severity score (ISS), the presence of a head injury, performance of a head computed tomography (CT), mode of transport, and the date of ED evaluation. Results There were 1656 patients with ISS higher than 9 transferred during the period. The mean ED time was 153 ± 82 minutes. Emergency department time was significantly shorter for those with ISS higher than 25 and for those transported by helicopter. Four hundred ninety-two (30%) patients had a head CT performed at the outside hospital, of which 221 (44%) were repeated at the trauma center. The mean ED time for those in whom a CT was performed was significantly longer than those without CT (179 ± 81 vs 142 ± 84 minutes). The ED times were slightly longer for level III hospitals (158 ± 82 minutes) than for level IV hospitals (137 ± 74 minutes). Emergency department times were longer for older patients. The times in the ED showed an upward, but not statistically significant, trend. After controlling for all other variables, ED times were not significantly different over the period studied. Conclusion Development of a statewide trauma system and outreach education has not significantly affected transfer times from nontrauma centers in our system. Outreach educational efforts should focus on systematic trauma evaluation, prompt transfer, and limitation of nontherapeutic testing.
Non-linear regression with multidimensional indices

We consider a non-linear regression model when the index variable is multidimensional. Sucient conditions on the non-linear function are given under which the least-squares estimators are strongly consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. These sucient conditions are satised by harmonic type functions, which are also of interest in the one dimensional index case where Wu’s (Asymptotic theory of non-linear least-squares estimation, Ann. Statist. 9 (1981) 501{513) and Jennrich’s (Asymptotic properties of non-linear least-squares estimators, Ann. Math. Statist. 40 (1969) 633{643) sucient conditions are not applicable. c 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Expression of Genes from the Human Active and Inactive X Chromosomes

X-chromosome inactivation results in the cis-limited inactivation of many, but not all, of the genes on one of the pair of X chromosomes in mammalian females. In addition to the genes from the pseudoautosomal region, which have long been anticipated to escape inactivation, genes from several other regions of the human X chromosome have now been shown to escape inactivation and to be expressed from both the active and inactive X chromosomes. The growing number of genes escaping inactivation emphasizes the need for a reliable system for assessing the inactivation status of X-linked genes. Since many features of the active or inactive X chromosome, including transcriptional activity, are maintained in rodent/human somatic-cell hybrids, such hybrids have been used to study the inactivation process and to determine the inactivation status of human X-linked genes. In order to assess the fidelity of inactivation status in such hybrids, we have examined the expression of 33 X-linked genes in eight mouse/human somatic-cell hybrids that contain either the human active (three hybrids) or inactive X (five hybrids) chromosome. Inactivation of nine of these genes had previously been demonstrated biochemically in human cells, and the expression of these genes only in hybrids retaining an active X, but not in those retaining an inactive X, confirms that expression in hybrids reflects expression in human cells. Although the majority of genes tested showed consistent patterns of expression among the active X hybrids or inactive X hybrids, surprisingly, 5 of the 33 genes showed heterogeneous expression among the hybrids, demonstrating a significantly higher rate of variability than previously reported for other genes in either human somatic cells or mouse/human somatic-cell hybrids. These data suggest that at least some X-linked genes may be under additional levels of epigenetic regulation not previously recognized and that somatic-cell hybrids may provide a useful approach for studying these chromosomal phenomena.
Cryopreservation of canine platelets.

Background: Platelet cryopreservation allows long-term storage and immediate availability of transfusion products. Hypothesis: The addition of a preparation inhibiting platelet activation (Thrombosol, in 2% dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]) will enhance in vitro function and prolong in vivo survival of cryopreserved platelets compared with those preserved in 6% DMSO. Animals: Thirty-three research dogs. Methods: Prospective study. Eleven fresh canine apheresis platelet concentrates (PCs) were each split into 3 units: fresh and cryopreserved in 6% DMSO or Thrombosol. Platelet analysis, performed 1–10 weeks postfreezing, included in vitro functional testing and in vivo survival assessed by administration of biotinylated platelets. Results: Platelet aggregation was diminished in cryopreserved PC. Cryopreserved platelets could be activated, as based on mean thrombin-stimulated P-selectin expression (6% DMSO, 23.0%; Thrombosol, 18.4%), although to a lesser extent than fresh PC (49.1%) (P < .0001). The mean maximum in vivo platelet recovery for fresh PC was 80.3%, significantly greater than recovery for 6% DMSO (49.2%) and Thrombosol PC (43.7%) (P≤ .001). The half-life (days) of fresh PC (3.8 ± 0.4) was significantly (P < .002) greater than that of 6% DMSO (1.9 ± 1.0) and Thrombosol (2.4 ± 1.1) PC, with no difference (P= .3) between cryopreserved PC. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Cryopreservation of canine platelets using Thrombosol did not provide any advantage over preservation using 6% DMSO. Cryopreserved platelets can be activated in vitro and provide therapeutic benefit when fresh platelets are unavailable. Further studies are needed to assess their in vivo hemostatic function.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Elastic Bandages and Shrinker Socks for Lower Extremity Amputees

Twelve patients with below-knee amputations were assigned one of two methods for wrapping the residual limb: elastic bandaging and elastic shrinker socks. The limbs were measured over a period of four weeks to compare volumetric change. The results indicate the elastic shrinker sock to be more effective in decreasing residual limb volume.
Sequestration and Suppression of Anti-HLA Antibodies by a Failed Kidney Allograft

Nephrectomy of a failed kidney transplant is indicated for hematuria and local pain (usually attributed to rejection), but may be done electively to facilitate cessation of immunosuppression. Transplant nephrectomy may also limit long-term cardiovascular risk ([1][1]). Despite these potential
Observing Unimolecular Dissociation of Metastable Ions in FT-ICR: A Novel Application of the Continuous Ejection Technique

The application of the continuous ejection technique to observe unimolecular dissociation of metastable organometallic ions in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer...
Editorial: On the benefits of modeling using QALYs for societal resource allocation: the model is the message.

While moderating a debate at the recent ISPOR meeting in Athens, Professor Milt Weinstein suggested that maybe we should focus more on the “LY” (life-years) and less on the “QA” (quality-adjusted). I interpreted this comment to mean that health state utilities are only one element in the larger bioclinical models that are at the core of many cost-utility analyses. Typical disease-based cost-utility models also include intermediate end points to reflect disease progression, the probabilities of clinical events, and projected survival, as well as the cost elements. The focus of this quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) consensus development workshop was, however, on health state utilities—one element in the entire model. We have argued elsewhere that similar benefit-risk models, including health state utilities, could be very helpful in making regulatory approval deliberations more systematic and transparent [1]. In my view, the use of integrative, quantitative models to assist health-care decision-makers is more important than precisely how morbidity (i.e., health-related quality of life) is reflected in those models. On the whole, these articles provide a fair and very useful representation of the current state of the debate about health state utilities and preferences in our field: namely, there remain several persistent and contentious issues—both about the theory and the practice. As noted, the ISPOR Consensus Development Workshop was motivated by the challenge that Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman posed in his ISPOR address in 2005. He reprises that argument about human adaptability to illness in his contribution to this collection. Although these final Workshop articles did not resolve any of these issues, the Consensus Development Group should be congratulated on fashioning eight highlevel principles [2] that capture the state of the debate as well as a way forward, including the pragmatic next step of calling for the development of a reference method for estimating QALYs. In my view, this is a useful goal to pursue, but it will be helpful to keep in mind some higher level distinctions that were either implicit or unaddressed in these articles. The Workshop articles did not explore two related foundational issues in any depth: 1) the use of the QALY in normative versus positive (or behavioral) economics; and 2) welfarism versus extra-welfarism as a basis for the use of the QALY in societal resource allocation.
A physiological signal processing system for optimal engagement and attention detection

This paper proposes a computer aided system that aims to measure and interpret physiological signals so as to assess the attention/engagement level of a person during cognitive based activities. In this study, ECG (Electrocardiogram), HF (Heat Flux) and EEG (Electroencephalogram) signals were collected from 8 subjects. The subjects were made to watch a series of videos which demanded contrasting engagement levels. On the collected ECG data, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is applied to the raw signal and multiple features are extracted. Features from HF were also obtained. In EEG signals, different band components were first extracted upon which DWT is applied to extract numerous features. Finally machine learning techniques were employed to classify the extracted features into two categories of `attention' and `non-attention'. The results show success in distinguishing `attention' vs. `non-attention' cases by processing acquired physiological signals.
The Impact of Open Textbooks on Secondary Science Learning Outcomes

Given the increasing costs associated with commercial textbooks and decreasing financial support of public schools, it is important to better understand the impacts of open educational resources on student outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative study is to analyze whether the adoption of open science textbooks significantly affects science learning outcomes for secondary students in earth systems, chemistry, and physics.This study uses a quantitative quasi-experimental design with propensity score matched groups and multiple regression to examine whether student learning was influenced by the adoption of open textbooks instead of traditional publisher-produced textbooks. Students who used open textbooks scored .65 points higher on end-of-year state standardized science tests than students using traditional textbooks when controlling for the effects of 10 student and teacher covariates. Further analysis revealed statistically significant positive gains for students using the open chemistry textbooks, w...
The CD1 system: antigen-presenting molecules for T cell recognition of lipids and glycolipids.

▪ Abstract Recent studies have identified the CD1 family of proteins as novel antigen-presenting molecules encoded by genes located outside of the major histocompatibility complex. CD1 proteins are conserved in all mammalian species so far examined and are prominently expressed on cells involved in antigen presentation, which suggests a role in activation of cell-mediated immunity. This has now been confirmed by functional studies demonstrating the ability of CD1 proteins to restrict the antigen-specific responses of T cells in humans and mice. Identification of naturally occurring antigens presented by CD1 has revealed the surprising finding that these are predominantly a variety of foreign lipids and glycolipids, including several found prominently in the cell walls and membranes of pathogenic mycobacteria. Structural, biochemical, and biophysical studies support the view that CD1 proteins bind the hydrophobic alkyl portions of these antigens directly and position the polar or hydrophilic head groups of...
Innovative behavior and spatial location: using patent counts and geographic location to estimate innovative spillins

In this paper we examine the relation between geographic location and innovative behavior. Knowledge spillins, as opposed to knowledge spillovers, are modeled as an externality which exists between geographically close economic agents and enters the representative inventor production function explicitly from neighboring regions. To proxy new innovative behavior and new knowledge generated we use counts of patent filings per county. The proposed geographic spillin is tested for the US Midwestern States of Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and North Dakota using a newly constructed data set and implementing spatial statistical methods. The data set is comprised of primary inventor utility patent filings per county for the years 1975-2000. The results do indeed suggest spatial interaction does occur and innovative activity in surrounding counties is an important factor in explaining new innovative behavior. Further analysis also reveals lagged patenting behavior within the county also has a significant impact on patenting activity suggesting innovative externalities exist over both space and time.
ULTRA HIGH PRECISION WITH A MUON STORAGE RING

The Muon(g −2) experiment, E821, at the Brookhaven AGS has the goal to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment to a relative accuracy of ±3.5 ×10 −7 . A superferric 14 m diameter storage ring has been constructed and an averaged magnetic field uniformity over the 90 mm diameter muon storage region of ± 1 part per million (ppm) has been achieved. A truncated double-cosine superconducting septum magnet (the inflector) was constructed along with a fast non-ferric kicker. The performance of the storage ring, along with the physics results are reviewed.
An ultrasensitive uncooled heat-balancing infrared detector

In this paper we report the fabrication and initial testing of a highly sensitive uncooled infrared detector based on an active heat balancing technique. The detector is fabricated using a commercial CMOS process plus an electrochemical etch releasing step. The basic active detector structure consists of a simple cascode CMOS amplifier in which the PMOS devices are built inside a thermally-isolated floating n-well. The intrinsic coupling of the cascode currents with the self heating of the well forms an electrothermal feedback loop that tends to maintain the well temperature constant. By employing the heat balance between incoming infrared radiation and the PMOS device power dissipation, the responsivity of the detector is controlled by the cascode biasing current. Initial measurements show responsivities between 0.3-1.2/spl times/10/sup 6/ V/W when the infrared source is chopped at 20 Hz and a detectivity D*=10/sup 7/ cm /spl radic/(Hz)W/sup -1/ at 30 Hz. The observed device responsivity is one order of magnitude higher than that reported for passive uncooled VO/sub 2/ microbolometers.
Updating the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein-C

Alterations of myofilament proteins have long been recognized in cardiomyopathic states. A variety of mutations play a prominent role in both hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).1 Thus, mutations in myosin heavy chain (MyHC) that cause enhanced mechanical performance often underlie hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, whereas those causing reduced performance lead to DCM.2 As summarized in Table 1, post-translational modifications, most prominently isoform variations and phosphorylation state, have received considerable attention in patients with DCM. In response to experimental acquired disease in rodents, MyHC undergoes a major shift from its normally predominant α-isoform to the β-isoform, resulting in lower myofibrillar ATPase activity and reduced mechanical performance.3,4 The same directional shift occurs in humans; because human myocardium normally consists of ≈90% β-MyHC, its magnitude is small and functional consequences seem modest.4,5 Ventricular expression of the atrial isoform of the myosin essential light chain is elevated in DCM and would be expected to improve contractile performance.6 Titin, the giant protein that accounts for cardiomyocyte passive stiffness, undergoes a shift to its more compliant N2BA isoform in human DCM. Protein kinase (PKA) and PKG phosphorylate identical sites on titin. Phosphorylation of these sites is reduced in DCM, which increases stiffness and offsets the isoform shift.7 The net result seems to be a decrease in cardiomyocyte stiffness. Reduced phosphorylation of troponin I (TnI) and myosin regulatory light chain have also been reported in human DCM and are thought to contribute to impaired thin filament activation and contractility.8,9 Pertinent to the papers in this issue of Circulation: Heart Failure that are the subject of this editorial,10,11 there are few reports of the phosphorylation state of cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) as a regulator of myofilament function at the whole heart level. …
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Orthopedic Sports Medicine

Robert A. Pedowitz, Christine B. Chung, and Donald Resnick, editors. New York: Springer; 2008. 439 pages. $189.00. ISBN: 978-0-387-48897-4. The incentive for the editors of this textbook was to draw together, in one book, the current and relative information regarding the clinical use of magnetic resonance imaging in the area of sports medicine. Furthermore, they wished to give orthopaedists the opportunity to provide information to radiologists about the clinical conditions that are frequently investigated with use of magnetic resonance imaging and, at the same time, give radiologists the opportunity to …
Measuring distances between TRPV1 and the plasma membrane using a noncanonical amino acid and transition metal ion FRET

Despite recent advances, the structure and dynamics of membrane proteins in cell membranes remain elusive. We implemented transition metal ion fluorescence resonance energy transfer (tmFRET) to measure distances between sites on the N-terminal ankyrin repeat domains (ARDs) of the pain-transducing ion channel TRPV1 and the intracellular surface of the plasma membrane. To preserve the native context, we used unroofed cells, and to specifically label sites in TRPV1, we incorporated a fluorescent, noncanonical amino acid, L-ANAP. A metal chelating lipid was used to decorate the plasma membrane with high-density/high-affinity metal-binding sites. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiencies between L-ANAP in TRPV1 and Co(2+) bound to the plasma membrane were consistent with the arrangement of the ARDs in recent cryoelectron microscopy structures of TRPV1. No change in tmFRET was observed with the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. These results demonstrate the power of tmFRET for measuring structure and rearrangements of membrane proteins relative to the cell membrane.
Repeating Domains in the Plasma Proteins Participating in Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis

Many of the plasma proteins contain repeating sequences of amino acids which form well defined domains. These repeating domains are particluarly evident in secreted proteins. They range in size from about 60 to 90 amino acids and have highly conserved disulfide bonds. Some of these proteins contain only one or two repeats while others may have 20 or more. The biological function of these repeats is known in only a few cases.
Effects of a Hepatocarcinogenic Diet on Adrenal Glands and Liver Of Rats

SummaryRats were fed on hepatocarcino-genic diet (CD) for 2, 4, 7 and 17 weeks. Intact and gonadectomized, male and female rats, some with and others without hormonal implants were also fed CD for ...
Pedagogical Love as Critical Labor: Relational Pedagogy of Whiteness

Whiteness studies has become a popular topic for many critical intercultural communication researchers and pedagogues. Since my encounter with whiteness studies, I have been struggling with a practice of whiteness pedagogy. As a nonwhite pedagogue, I often experience dissonance in translating whiteness research into whiteness pedagogy. In this article, I analyze and make sense of this dissonance. I weave both my and my students’ stories and my ethnographic observations of “communication and race” classrooms in pursuit of a relational pedagogy of whiteness. I call for pedagogical love as a site of critical labor that creates difference and potentially interrupts racist systems and structures local to our everyday lives.
Immigrant experiences in North America: understanding settlement and integration

International migration has arguably never been more important for societies around the globe than it is today. Whether one is concerned with the economic effects of international migration, the li...
Multi-sensor gradual change detection

We develop a mixture procedure to monitor parallel streams of data for a change-point that causes gradual change of a subset of data streams. We model the gradual change as a change in the trends of the affected data streams. Observations are assumed initially to be independent standard normal random variables with zero mean. After a change-point the observations in a subset of the streams of data have mean values that increase or decrease with time. The rate of change for the affected sensors may be different for the affected sensors. The subset and the post-change means are unknown but we assume the number of affected sensors is small. Our procedure uses a mixture statistics which hypothesizes an assumed fraction p0 of affected data streams. An analytic expression is obtained for the average run length (ARL) when there is no change and is shown by simulations to be very accurate. Similarly, an approximation for the expected detection delay (EDD) after a change-point is also obtained. Numerical examples based on real-data demonstrate the good performance of the proposed procedure on real data.
The results of urinary iodine monitoring are affected by the urine collected in different period of time

Objective To explore that the urine collected from 8-10-year-old children in different period of time had an influence on the median urinary iodine in population. Methods Chosen the typical coastal and mountainous areas. Collected 7 batches urine from the school-age children in coastal area at 8: 30,9: 30,10: 30,11: 30, 14: 30,15: 30 and 16: 30. Collected 4 batches urine from the school-age children in mountainous area at 8: 30,10: 30, 14: 30,and 15: 30. The urinary iodine level was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. The urinary specific gravity was determined by ATAGO UG-α digital refractometer. Results Significant difference of the median urinary iodine of the 7 batches urine which were collected from the school-age children in coastal area was observed( Z = 62. 129, P = 0. 000). The median urinary iodine of the any batche urine which were collected in the afternoon was significantly higher than the median urinary iodine of the any batche urine which were collected in the morning. No significant difference of the median urinary iodine of the 4 batches urine which were collected from the school-age children in mountainous area was observed( Z = 7. 740, P = 0. 052). There was a positive correlation between the urinary iodine level of the school-age children and their urinary specific gravity, the correlation coefficients were 0. 5 ~ 0. 8,all P = 0. 000. Conclusion There is a difference of the urinary iodine level of the school-age children between the morning urine and the afternoon urine. So we suggest that the time we collect the urine should be clear in the monitoring scheme. At the same time, we should pay attention to the urine specific gravity which affect on the urine iodine value in individual.
Structural selection and testing of new yaw-inducing bursting layer

To solve the problem effectively of penetration weapon that can not penetrate or has difficulty penetrating into bursting layer by means of proper measure in order to enhance the survival of protective structure has been the focus of the field of protective engineering.In light of the penetration mechanism of projectile and considering the practical engineering application,a new type of composite bursting layer with yaw-inducing layer on surface was developed based on the systemic analysis of material and structural selection.This bursting layer proved by testing to have excellent capacity of penetration resistance and can induce projectiles to yaw and deform obviously.Effects of the main factors including impact velocities of the projectiles,material performances and geometry parameters of the yaw-inducing spheres on the effectiveness of restitution coefficient,contact time or contact force were calculated and analyzed with the mechanics model which is developed based on the Hertz theories and can explain the yawing mechanism of the projectile essentially.
Ursound - Live Patching Of Audio And Multimedia Using A Multi-Rate Normed Single-Stream Data-Flow Engine.

UrSound is a multi-rate normed single-stream data-flow engine for audio and multimedia I/O designed for multi-touch sensor-rich mobile devices. All components connectivity is treated equally. This design choice necessitates that no entity dictates the sample rate and that the semantics of a connection cannot be fixed. Hence we are lead to introduce a multiand flexible-rate data flow that uses normed data streams to allow for seamless and very rapid connectivity changes. We introduce canonical semantic mappings to allow each processing unit to define the meaning of the normed data for their purposes.
Local control in the era of accountability: A case study of Wisconsin preK

The opposing principles of local control and increased standardization are a prominent tension in the United States’ education system. Since at least the early 1990s, this tension has taken shape around the accountability movement, defined by educational reforms that hold schools, teachers, and students accountable for performance on new standards, assessments, and curricula. While many scholars have examined the manifestations of the current accountability movement, few have looked at this phenomenon within the growing public preK movement. Drawing from interviews with state policymakers and district-level actors, this paper describes how the seemingly contradictory principles of local control and increased state and national standards (what we refer to simply as standardization) are shaping the policy and practice of Wisconsin’s preK system, known as 4K. We argue that rational models of policy making fail to explain the coexistence and blending of the strands of local control and standardization we found in our data, and suggest that Deborah Stone’s (2001) policy paradox provides a better theoretical framework for our findings.
Soft pop-up mechanisms for micro surgical tools: Design and characterization of compliant millimeter-scale articulated structures

This paper introduces a manufacturing technique which enables the integration of soft materials and soft fluidic micro-actuators in the Pop-up book MEMS paradigm. Such a technique represents a promising approach to the design and fabrication of low cost and scalable articulated mechanisms provided with sensing capabilities and on-board actuation with potential applications in the field of minimally invasive surgery. Design and integration of soft components in the rigid-flex laminates is described along with the resulting soft pop-up mechanisms realized at different scales. Prototype characterization is presented, demonstrating forces and dexterity in a range suitable for surgical applications, as well as the possibility to integrate sensing capabilities. Based on these results, a multi-articulated robotic arm is fabricated and mounted on top of an endoscope model to provide a proof of concept of simple robotic mechanisms that could be useful in a surgical scenario.
Delayed Presentation of Sciatic Nerve Injury after Total Hip Arthroplasty: Neurosurgical Considerations, Diagnosis, and Management.

Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an established treatment for end-stage arthritis, congenital deformity, and trauma with good long-term clinical and functional outcomes. Delayed sciatic nerve injury is a rare complication after THA that requires prompt diagnosis and management. Methods We present a case of sciatic nerve motor and sensory deficit in a 52-year-old patient 2 years after index left THA. Electromyography (EMG) results and imaging with radiographs and CT of the affected hip demonstrated an aberrant acetabular cup screw in the posterior-inferior quadrant adjacent to the sciatic nerve. Case Description The patient underwent surgical exploration that revealed injury to the peroneal division of the sciatic nerve due to direct injury from screw impingement. A literature review identified 11 patients with late-onset neuropathy after THA. Ten patients underwent surgical exploration and pain often resolved after surgery with 56% of patients recovering sensory function and 25% experiencing full recovery of motor function. Conclusions Delayed neuropathy of the sciatic nerve is a rare complication after THA that is most often due to hardware irritation, component failure, or wear-related pseudotumor formation. Operative intervention is often pursued to explore and directly visualize the nerve with limited results in the literature showing modest relief of pain and sensory symptoms and poor restoration of motor function.
Platelet Protein Kinase C-θ Deficiency With Human RUNX1 Mutation PRKCQ Is a Transcriptional Target of RUNX1

Objective— Mutations in the hematopoietic transcription factor RUNX1 cause thrombocytopenia and impaired platelet function. In a patient with a heterozygous mutation in RUNX1, we have described decreased platelet pleckstrin phosphorylation and protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ, gene PRKCQ ) associated with thrombocytopenia, impaired platelet aggregation, and dense granule secretion. Little is known regarding regulation of PKC-θ in megakaryocytes and platelets. We have addressed the hypothesis that PRKCQ is a direct transcriptional target of RUNX1. Methods and Results— In a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay using megakaryocytic cells, there was RUNX1 binding in vivo to PRKCQ promoter region −1225 to −1056 bp containing a RUNX1 consensus site ACCGCA at −1088 to −1069 bp; an electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed RUNX1 binding to the specific site. In RUNX1 overexpression studies, PKC-θ protein expression and promoter activity were enhanced; mutation of RUNX1 site showed decreased activity even with RUNX1 overexpression. Lastly, PRKCQ promoter activity and PKC-θ protein were decreased by short interfering RNA knockdown of RUNX1. Conclusion— Our results provide the first evidence that PRKCQ is regulated at the transcriptional level by RUNX1 in megakaryocytic cells and a mechanism for PKC-θ deficiency associated with RUNX1 haplodeficiency.
Synthesis and Properties of Naphtho[2,3-e]-1,2-azaphosphorine 2-Oxides: PN-Anthracene Analogues

We report the expedient synthesis of a series of new “PN-anthracene” derivatives, the naphtho[2,3-e]-1,2-azaphosphorine-2-oxides, which incorporate a variety of 3-aryl substituents. These compounds represent a new class of π-extended PN-heterocycles, featuring strong UV absorption, emission in the visible range, and Stokes shifts up to 10000 cm–1. These molecules show alignment of dipoles, strong dimerization through N–H and P═O hydrogen bond donors/acceptors, and efficient aromatic stacking in the solid state.
A discrepancy-based penalty method for extended waveform inversion

ABSTRACTExtended waveform inversion globalizes the convergence of seismic waveform inversion by adding nonphysical degrees of freedom to the model, thus permitting it to fit the data well throughout the inversion process. These extra degrees of freedom must be curtailed at the solution, for example, by penalizing them as part of an optimization formulation. For separable (partly linear) models, a natural objective function combines a mean square data residual and a quadratic regularization term penalizing the nonphysical (linear) degrees of freedom. The linear variables are eliminated in an inner optimization step, leaving a function of the outer (nonlinear) variables to be optimized. This variable projection method is convenient for computation, but it requires that the penalty weight be increased as the estimated model tends to the (physical) solution. We describe an algorithm based on discrepancy, that is, maintaining the data residual at the inner optimum within a prescribed range, to control the pena...