cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Order isomorphisms of Fourier algebras

Abstract If G is a locally compact group, we denote by A ( G ) the Fourier algebra of G , by A ( G ) + the set of all pointwise positive functions in A ( G ), and by P ( G ) the set of all continuous positive definite functions on G . We show that two locally compact groups G 1 and G 2 are isomorphic if and only if there exists a bijective linear mapping T : A ( G 1 ) → A ( G 2 ) such that T ( A ( G 1 ) + ) = A ( G 2 ) + and T ( A ( G 1 ) ∩ P ( G 1 )) = A ( G 2 ) ∩ P ( G 2 ).
Interrelationships among Forage Nutritive Value and Quantity and Individual Animal Performance

Relationships of forage nutritive value (NVAL) and quantity with individual animal performance on pasture have long been evaluated, but there have been few attempts to describe the specifi c roles or relative importance of NVAL and quantity in determining animal response. The objective of this review was to more clearly defi ne these roles based on a comprehensive assessment of pastureland literature and the application of a meta-analysis. It is clear that quantity and NVAL interact. When pastures present a wide range in forage mass, 60 to 90% of variation in average daily gain (ADG) can be explained by quantity, but there may be no relationship of NVAL with ADG. If pastures present only high forage mass, there may be no relationship between quantity and ADG, but NVAL may explain more than 50% of variation in ADG. The meta-analysis and a review of studies that evaluated forages of differing NVAL across a range of forage mass provided evidence that NVAL (i) sets the upper limit for ADG, (ii) determines the slope of the regression of ADG on stocking rate (SR), and (iii) establishes the forage mass at which ADG plateaus. In contrast, forage quantity determines the proportion of potential ADG that is achieved and is the primary driver for direction of the ADG response (negative) to increasing SR. Thus, the literature supports a conclusion of interaction among forage NVAL and quantity in affecting individual animal performance on pasture, but it suggests that the roles of each are quite well defi ned.
Headache and human immunodeficiency virus infection: A case control study

The new onset of headache in a person infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be an ominous sign of a significant underlying neurological disorder. This case control study compares the prevalence of headache in HIV-seropositive persons without identifiable neurological disease on study entry to that in an HIV-seronegative control population with similar risk factors for HIV infection. Features of headache that were evaluated included frequency, duration, location, severity, and recent change in characteristics. In the HIV-seropositive population, the presence of headache and its specific features were correlated with the degree of immunosuppression as determined by absolute CD4 counts and Centers for Disease Control stages, the presence of other neurological symptoms and neurological signs, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) values. Headaches were common; approximately 50% of all subjects reported headache at study entry and 2 years later. Headache frequency and characteristics were not different between HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative subjects. Headache was neither more frequent nor different in HIV-seropositive individuals with advanced immunosuppression. There was no correlation between headache and abnormal CSF parameters, cranial MRI abnormalities, including the presence of sinusitis, or the use of zidovudine.
Energy transfer primers: A new fluorescence labeling paradigm for DNA sequencing and analysis

Energy transfer primers: A new fluorescence labeling paradigm for DNA sequencing and analysis
Parameter estimation in linear filtering

Suppose on a probability space (Ω, F, P), a partially observable random process (xt, yt), t ≥ 0; is given where only the second component (yt) is observed. Furthermore assume that (xt, yt) satisfy the following system of stochastic differential equations driven by independent Wiener processes (W1(t)) and (W2(t)): dxt=−βxtdt+dW1(t), x0=0, dyt=αxtdt+dW2(t), y0=0; α, β∞(a,b), a>0. We prove the local asymptotic normality of the model and obtain a large deviation inequality for the maximum likelihood estimator (m.l.e.) of the parameter θ = (α, β). This also implies the strong consistency, efficiency, asymptotic normality and the convergence of moments for the m.l.e. The method of proof can be easily extended to obtain similar results when vector valued instead of one-dimensional processes are considered and θ is a k-dimensional vector.
In situ bioremediation of trichloroethylene-contaminated water by a resting-cell methanotrophic microbial filter

Abstract An in situ microbial filter technology is being tested and developed for remediating migrating subsurface plumes contaminated with low concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE). The current focus is the establishment of a replenishable bioactive zone (catalytic filter) along expanding plume boundaries by the injection of a representative methanotrophic bacterium, Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. This microbial filter strategy has been successfully demonstrated using emplaced, attached resting cells (no methane additions) in a 1.1 m flow-through test bed loaded with water-saturated sand. Two separate 24 h pulses of TCE (109 ppb and 85 ppb), one week apart, were pumped through the system at a flow velocity of 15 mm h−1; no TCE (< 0.5 ppb) was detected on the downstream side of the microbial filter. Subsequent excavation of the wet sand confirmed the existence of a TCE-bioactive zone 21 days after it had been created. An enhanced longevity of the cellular, soluble-form methane monooxygenase produced...
Multiple Theoretical Traditions in American Politics and Racial Policy Inequality

The American (national) political tradition emphasizes three major strands of thought (Smith 1993, 1997). Grasping the importance, interrelationships, and potential tensions of these multiple traditions is central to understanding American politics, and perhaps especially so concerning issues of racial equality. This article first delineates the philosophical traditions as they are manifested in major research on American state politics. It then examines the consequences of those traditions, especially the two generally viewed as the most prominent in American politics—civic republicanism and liberalism—for several indicators of public policy that directly address racial equality. The evidence considered strongly suggests that research emerging from the two major traditions overlooks an important side of American politics, that concerning racial inequality (ascriptive hierarchy). Also, the argument underscores the importance of proper attention to multiple traditions, generally, and race, specifically, in...
Cyclodextrin‐enhanced remediation of organic and metal contaminants in porous media and groundwater

Heavy metals and toxic organic contaminants are found at numerous industrial and military sites. The generally poor performance of conventional pump-and-treat schemes has made the development of improved methods for contaminated site remediation a significant environmental priority. One such innovative method is cyclodextrin-enhanced flushing of the contaminated porous media and groundwater. Cyclodextrin is a glucose-based molecule that is produced on industrial scales by microorganisms. Over the last years, several cyclodextrin derivatives have received extensive research interest. It was shown that cyclodextrins can significantly enhance the solubility of toxic organics, and in some cases, heavy metals and radioactive isotopes. As a sugar, cyclodextrin is considered relatively non-toxic to humans, plants, and soil microbes. Thus, there are minimal health-related concerns associated with the injection of cyclodextrin into the subsurface, which is an inherent advantage for use of cyclodextrins as a remediation agent. This paper provides a review of the available literature concerning use of cyclodextrin for remediation of groundwater and soil.
Preoperative cardiac risk assessment with adenosine stress dual‐isotope myocardial single‐photon emission computed tomography

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that pharmacologic stress thallium-201(201Tl) myocardial scintigraphy is a useful tool to evaluate preoperative cardiac risk. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of adenosine stress dual-isotope [rest 201Tl/stress technetium-99m (99mTc) sestamibi] myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in predicting the risk of perioperative cardiac events (unstable angina, myocardial infarction, cardiac death) in patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Methods: We evaluated 43 consecutive patients (20 men, 23 women, mean age 64 years, range 30-83 years) within 8 weeks prior to major noncardiac surgery requiring general anesthesia. SPECT imaging was performed with 111 MBq (3 mCi)201Tl at rest and 925 MBq (25 mCi)99mTc sestamibi during adenosine stress. Results: Of the 43 patients, 15 (35%) had stress-induced ischemia and 28 (65%) did not. Perioperative cardiac events occurred in 4 (27%) of the 15 patients with stress-induced ischemia (2 unstable angina, 2 nonfatal myocardial infarctions) and in none of the 28 patients without inducible ischemia (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Adenosine stress dual-isotope myocardial SPECT is useful in determining the preoperative cardiac risk of patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery.
Method for sampling arthropod pests with uncertain phenology with application to spotted tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Sampling protocols for pest management programs often rely on phenology models to predict the time of occurrence of the stage to be sampled. In some cases it may not be possible or practical to predict occurrence with sufficient accuracy to ensure the reliability of a sampling protocol based on a single sampling session. We describe a sequential classification procedure that is useful for such situations. The method compensates for uncertainty in phenological prediction by allowing for sampling on more than one date. Each sampling session uses a sequential sampling plan with thresholds based on a range of possible values of cumulative recruitment at the time of sampling. These values are given by a set of phenological models derived from field data that describe recruitment over time. Because the sampling sessions are linked in time, we call the procedure cascaded sequential sampling . We describe development of the cascaded sequential sampling plan using a simple hypothetical case, and demonstrate its application to the problem of sampling second-generation spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.), in western New York apples.
Data quality and due process in large interorganizational record systems

As societies have become more dependent on information systems to conduct and record transactions between organizations and individuals, interorganizational computer systems have become a widely used method of coordinating the actions of independent organizations. This article examines the quality of data in one important interorganizational system—the criminal-record system of the United States.
Long time-averaged solutions of turbulent flow past a circular cylinder

A critical analysis of numerical predictions of the long time averaged flow past a circular cylinder is presented. The flow regimes considered cover a wide range of Reynolds numbers with an emphasis on the transitional range, i.e. (104 to 107). In this study calculations are made using the standard κ-e model with an empirically imposed transition criteria. Our own simulations as well as those published by others with various turbulence models including those with vortex shedding are compared with experimental data. Significant differences were found among different predictions for the same flow conditions with essentially the same turbulence models. Reasons for these differences are elucidated. The transitional nature of the flow regime, and the grid size and its distribution, particularly inside the boundary layer, play a major role in obtaining vastly different predictions. The present calculations with the conventional κ-e turbulence model and an empirically imposed transition compare favorably with those obtained from “more sophisticated” models such as large-eddy simulations.
Fundamental models for forecasting elections at the state level

This paper develops new fundamental models for forecasting presidential, senatorial, and gubernatorial elections at the state level using fundamental data. Despite the fact that our models can be used to make forecasts of elections earlier than existing models and they do not use data from polls on voting intentions, our models have lower out-of-sample forecasting errors than existing models. Our models also provide early and accurate probabilities of victory. We obtain this accuracy by constructing new methods of incorporating various economic and political indicators into forecasting models. We also obtain new results about the relative importance of approval ratings, economic indicators, and midterm effects in the different types of races, how economic data can be most meaningfully incorporated in forecasting models, the effects of different types of candidate experience on election outcomes, and that second quarter data is as predictive of election outcomes as third quarter data.
The Structure of the Red Lithium Line λ 6708

The Structure of the Red Lithium Line λ67C8—The lithium line λ6708 was studied under varying conditions of pressure and current in a vacuum arc, and the Lummer pattern was found to be a simple doublet for low vapor densities. As the vapor density increased, each of the components split into two parts, which are attributed to reversal. The two middle components then merged, the distance between dark centers remaining constant, and then, as each of the reversed lines broadened, the merged components became fainter and finally disappeared when the vapor density became quite high, the pattern then resembling that of a single broadly reversed line. McLennan and Ainslee’s wide quadruplet pattern must be attributed to incipient Stark effects.
Working with Southeast Asian refugees

Increasingly, refugees from Laos, Cambodia and Viet Nam are coming to Mental Health Centers for help. For the Indo Chinese patient, an emotional problem may have a very different meaning—a meaning not immediately obvious to the Western mind. The emotionally troubled individual may feel that he or she is being punished, and that confiding to a psychotherapist is shaming or betraying the family and the ancestors. Consequently, emotional problems may be converted to somatic complaints, particularly of the respiratory and gastrointestinal variety. Psychotherapy with the refugee involves different techniques as well as different meanings. Confrontation and exploration, for example, may be misunderstood by the patient. In working with the Indo Chinese refugee it is recommended that the clinician be flexible, persevering, and open minded.
Test and Operation of a PEM Fuel Cell Power System

The fuel cell power system is an emerging energy technology. It promises high energy conversion efficiency and cleaner emissions than many of the available power conversion technologies. It is amenable to co-generation that would result in even better total energy utilization. This paper describes the initial testing and operating experience of a 5-kWe natural gas-powered PEM fuel cell technology development unit with waste heat recovery for grid-parallel residential applications.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The Failure of Party Realignment in the South, 1937-1939

T HE CHANCES FOR PARTY realignment in the South seemed auspicious in 1937. Three groups of politicians., apparently, desired it at that time. Conservative southern Democrats, disturbed by the course of the New Deal, began to question their allegiance to the Democratic Party. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his liberal advisers, angry at conservative southern congressmen., were ready to "purge" these southerners from the party. And conservative Republicans, demoralized by their resounding defeat in the 1936 election, considered proselytizing in the South in order to regroup their shattered ranks. To some observers it appeared that conservatives in both parties might unite to battle a more liberal coalition of New Dealers. Indeed, granted Roosevelt's obdurate attitude, permanent party realignment seemed entirely possible. By the end of 1939, it was clear that realignment was not going to occur; the moment had passed, not to recur for several years. Moreover, in retrospect, it is not difficult to isolate the elements which destroyed the opportunity. But these elements were by no means so clear at the time, and the private correspondence in 1937 of some of the leading politicians involved will show how seriously these politicians considered party realignment as an answer to their problems. This paper will first examine the anxieties of these three groups. It will then explain in more detail the reasons for the failure of their plans.
Preprocedural Statin Medication Reduces the Extent of Periprocedural Non–Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction

Background— Stenting-related myocardial injury has been recognized as a frequent and prognostically important event, the extent of which depends on microcirculatory impairment in association with platelet aggregation, inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. Recent studies underscored the non–lipid-lowering effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) with antithrombotic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative aspects. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that preprocedural statin therapy is associated with a reduction in the extent of stenting-related myocardial injury. Methods and Results— We stratified 296 consecutive patients who were undergoing stenting of a de novo stenosis according to the preprocedural status of statin therapy (229 statin-treated and 67 control patients). Incidence of periprocedural myocardial injury was assessed by analysis of creatine kinase (CK; upper limit of normal [ULN] 70 IU/L for women, 80 IU/L for men) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT; bedside test; threshold 0.1 ng/mL) before and 6, 12, and 24 hours after the intervention. Relative to control patients, the incidence of CK elevation >3× ULN was more than 90% lower in statin-treated patients (0.4% versus 6.0%, P =0.01). Statin therapy was the only factor independently associated with a lower risk of CK elevation >3× ULN (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.75; P =0.03). The overall incidences of CK and cardiac troponin T elevation were slightly lower in statin-treated than in control patients (14.4% versus 20.9%, P =0.3, and 17.9% versus 22.4%, P =0.5, respectively). Conclusions— Preprocedural statin therapy is associated with a reduction in the incidence of larger-sized, stenting-related myocardial infarctions. Prospective, randomized trials are warranted to further assess this cardioprotective effect of statins in coronary intervention. Received August 9, 2002; revision received September 4, 2002; accepted September 5, 2002.
Quality and matching performance analysis of three-dimensional unraveled fingerprints

The use of fingerprints as a biometric is both the oldest mode of computer-aided personal identification and the most-relied-on technology in use today. However, current acquisition methods have some challenging and peculiar difficulties. For higher performance fingerprint data acquisition and verification, a novel noncontact 3-D fingerprint scanner is investigated, where both the detailed 3-D and albedo information of the finger is obtained. The obtained high-resolution 3-D prints are further converted into 3-D unraveled prints, to be compatible with traditional 2-D automatic fingerprint identification systems. As a result, many limitations imposed on conventional fingerprint capture and processing can be reduced by the unobtrusiveness of this approach and the extra depth information acquired. To compare the quality and matching performances of 3-D unraveled with traditional 2-D plain fingerprints, we collect both 3-D prints and their 2-D plain counterparts. The print quality and matching performances are evaluated and analyzed by using National Institute of Standard Technology fingerprint software. Experimental results show that the 3-D unraveled print outperforms the 2-D print in both quality and matching performances.
Use of oxcarbazepine in outpatient alcohol detoxification.

Randomized controlled trials of carbamazepine for alcohol withdrawal have demonstrated efficacy equal to or greater than that of benzodiazepines, and recent evidence suggests that it may be more ef...
Cellular Transcription Factor Oct-1 Interacts with the Epstein-Barr Virus BRLF1 Protein To Promote Disruption of Viral Latency

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent-to-lytic switch is an essential part of the viral life cycle, but the cellular factors that promote viral reactivation are not well defined. In this report, we demonstrate that the cellular transcription factor Oct-1 cooperates with the EBV immediate-early protein BRLF1 (R, Rta) to induce lytic viral reactivation. We show that cotransfected Oct-1 enhances the ability of BRLF1 to activate lytic gene expression in 293 cells stably infected with a BRLF1-defective EBV mutant (BRLF1-stop) and that Oct-1 increases BRLF1-mediated activation of lytic EBV promoters in reporter gene assays. We find that Oct-1 interacts directly with BRLF1 in vitro and that a mutant BRLF1 protein (the M140A mutant) attenuated for the ability to interact with Oct-1 in vitro is also resistant to Oct-1-mediated transcriptional enhancement in 293 BRLF1-stop cells. Furthermore, we show that cotransfected Oct-1 augments BRLF1 binding to a variety of lytic EBV promoters in chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays (including the BZLF1, BMRF1, and SM promoters) and that BRLF1 tethers Oct-1 to lytic EBV promoters. In addition, we demonstrate that an Oct-1 mutant defective in DNA binding (the S335D mutant) still retains the ability to enhance BRLF1 transcriptional effects. Finally, we show that knockdown of endogenous Oct-1 expression reduces the level of constitutive lytic EBV gene expression in both EBV-positive B-cell and EBV-positive epithelial cell lines. These results suggest that Oct-1 acts as a positive regulator of EBV lytic gene expression and that this effect is at least partially mediated through its interaction with the viral protein BRLF1.
The sufficient richness and parameter convergence in MRAC systems: A direct approach using the theory of Liapunov

The sufficient richness condition plays an essential role in the convergence of parameter errors in Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) systems. This condition has been derived based on the exponential stability property of linear time-varying systems. In this work, we outline a general and more direct approach that establishes the parameter error convergence; and hence exponential stability of the (nonlinear) system. A special view of this approach is describable by the well-known sufficient richness condition.
Quantitative image analysis of lung connective tissue in murine silicosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a disabling consequence of many lung diseases but is difficult to quantify. Lucifer yellow CH fluorescent dye (LY) appears to stain connective tissue matrix macromolecules selectively. Laser scanning confocal microscopy can quantify the intensity of fluorescence and determine the area of fluorescent material. We hypothesized that the abundance of lucifer yellow-stained matrix macromolecules in lung tissue sections could be measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy, would reflect differences between varying degrees of pulmonary fibrosis, and could be compared directly to biochemical measurements of lung collagen. We exposed C57B1/6 and 129 strains of mice by aerosol to cristobalite silica (70 mg/m3, 12 days, 5 hours/day) or sham-air and examined them 2 and 16 weeks after exposure. The area of LY-stained matrix in tissue sections was quantitated by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and total lung collagen was measured biochemically as hydroxyproline (OH-proline). The LY-stained connective tissue matrix appeared as bright linear bands in the alveolar septae, and was increased significantly by image analysis in C57B1/6 and 129 mice with silicosis 16 weeks after exposure. Total lung OH-proline was significantly increased in silica-exposed mice from both stains at both time points. Comparing all 8 groups, there was a significant linear correlation between the average area of connective tissue measured by LY stain and the total OH-proline per lung measured by chemical analysis (r = .72, P = .042). LY staining and confocal microscopy with image analysis offers a rapid technique for quantitative measurements of the extent of pulmonary fibrosis.
Complications following urethral reconstructive surgery: a six year experience.

ABSTRACT Purpose: We present a single institutional experience over 6 years of intra and postoperative complications following urethral reconstructive surgery, and the impact of these complications on overall results. Materials and Methods: From June 2000 through May 2006, 153 consecutive urethral reconstructive procedures were performed on 128 patients by one surgeon (CMG). Complication rates were determined, and subgroups were categorized based on stricture etiology, patient age, length of stricture, location of stricture, type of repair, and presence of various co-morbid conditions. Results: Overall, 23 of 153 cases (15%) had an intra or postoperative complication with a mean follow-up time of 28.3 months (range 3 to 74). The most common complications were related to infection (n = 9). Other complications included repair breakdown (n = 4), bleeding (n = 4), fistulae (n = 3), thromboembolic (n = 2), positioning-related (n = 2), and Foley catheter malfunction (n = 1). Complication rates for anastomotic and substitution urethroplasty were 9.1% (4/44) and 17% (19/109), respectively. The number of patients with at least one year of follow-up who had a complication and eventual stricture recurrence was 20% (4/20), while only 7.4% (7/95) of those who did not have a complication recurred (p = 0.08).
New Port Richey: Myth and history of a city built on enchantment

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Liberal Arts, Department of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg
ISOLATED DNA BASE PAIRS, INTERPLAY BETWEEN THEORY AND EXPERIMENT

Simultaneous advances in gas phase spectroscopy and computational chemistry have made it possible to study isolated DNA base pairs. This account focuses on three specific topics that have emerged from this research, namely (i) the use of experimental data as benchmarks for theory, (ii) base pair structures, and (iii) the dynamics of the electronically excited state. The lowest energy nucleobase pair structures are not always observed in gas phase spectroscopy. One possible reason may be short excited state lifetimes in certain structures. This explanation is consistent with theoretical models and with the observation that the isolated guanine cytosine (GC) Watson-Crick structure exhibits a different photochemistry than other hydrogen bonded GC structures
Global protein phosphorylation dynamics during deoxynivalenol-induced ribotoxic stress response in the macrophage

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium that commonly contaminates food, is capable of activating mononuclear phagocytes of the innate immune system via a process termed the ribotoxic stress response (RSR). To encapture global signaling events mediating RSR, we quantified the early temporal (≤30min) phosphoproteome changes that occurred in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage during exposure to a toxicologically relevant concentration of DON (250ng/mL). Large-scale phosphoproteomic analysis employing stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) in conjunction with titanium dioxide chromatography revealed that DON significantly upregulated or downregulated phosphorylation of 188 proteins at both known and yet-to-be functionally characterized phosphosites. DON-induced RSR is extremely complex and goes far beyond its prior known capacity to inhibit translation and activate MAPKs. Transcriptional regulation was the main target during early DON-induced RSR, covering over 20% of the altered phosphoproteins as indicated by Gene Ontology annotation and including transcription factors/cofactors and epigenetic modulators. Other biological processes impacted included cell cycle, RNA processing, translation, ribosome biogenesis, monocyte differentiation and cytoskeleton organization. Some of these processes could be mediated by signaling networks involving MAPK-, NFκB-, AKT- and AMPK-linked pathways. Fuzzy c-means clustering revealed that DON-regulated phosphosites could be discretely classified with regard to the kinetics of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. The cellular response networks identified provide a template for further exploration of the mechanisms of trichothecenemycotoxins and other ribotoxins, and ultimately, could contribute to improved mechanism-based human health risk assessment.
Correct-decision-feedback performance bounds for joint detection and estimation

A commonly used lower bound on the probability of error of joint detection/estimation algorithms is the correct-decision-feedback bound, which is derived under the assumption that estimation is performed using the transmitted sequence. Although it seems reasonable that this genie-aided receiver performs better than the original receiver, a formal proof of this fact is not available. In this work a proof is offered for the case when the joint detection/estimation algorithm is based on the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), where the unknown parameter is modeled as a deterministic unknown constant. The results are then extended for a sub-optimal joint detection and estimation algorithm called the T-algorithm. Finally, by establishing an equivalence between the GLRT and the maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) problem, the derived bound is found to be valid for a very important special case when MLSD is performed.
Computer-assisted provision of hormonal contraception in acute care settings.

Abstract Background We evaluated whether computerized counseling about contraceptive options and screening for contraindications increased women's subsequent knowledge and use of hormonal contraception. Methods For the study 814 women aged 18–45 years were recruited from the waiting rooms of three emergency departments and an urgent care clinic staffed by non-gynecologists and asked to use a randomly selected computer module before seeing a clinician. Results Women in the intervention group were more likely to report receiving a contraceptive prescription when seeking acute care than women in the control group (16% vs. 1%, p=.001). Women who requested contraceptive refills were not less likely than women requesting new prescriptions to have potential contraindications to estrogen (75% of refills vs. 52% new, p=.23). Three months after visiting the clinic, women in the intervention group tended to be more likely to have used contraception at last intercourse (71% vs. 65%, p=.91) and to correctly answer questions about contraceptive effectiveness, but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion Patient-facing computers appear to increase access to prescription contraception for women seeking acute care.
Gender Differences in the Effectiveness of Delinquency Prevention Programs What Can Be Learned From Experimental Research

Empirical research indicates that males are more likely than females to be delinquent, yet it is unclear why this gender gap exists. This uncertainty can impede gender-responsive prevention efforts to implement programs that target the criminogenic factors most salient for each sex. However, information from experimental evaluations of gender differences in the effectiveness of prevention services can guide gender-responsive approaches. This article provides a systematic review of such literature. The results demonstrated some evidence of gender differences in the ability of community-based preventive interventions to reduce substance use, delinquency, and/or violence, although no clear patterns emerged regarding the types of programs that are most effective for each sex. In addition, some programs had similar effects on females and males and others evidenced harmful effects for one sex or the other. These findings suggest that practitioners should carefully review evaluation evidence prior to targeting f...
Electronic Court Record Access: Present Landscape, Neutral Principles, and the Looming Interloper of Contextual Privacy

This paper examines the current landscape in court record access policy with particular attention to key issues in present development. It explains the deliberate and central role of neutrality in FOI policy since the civil rights era and how neutrality is jeopardized in court record access policy development. It briefly describes the emergence of context as a central principle in recently influential thinking about privacy. The paper concludes that incompatibility between neutral principles and new privacy paradigms jeopardizes transparency and accountability in the courts.
A New Species of Fuscopannaria with a Green Photobiont, and Other Taxonomic Innovations and New Records of Lichenized-Fungi from Alaska

Abstract The new species, Fuscopannaria globigera Fryday & P. M. Jorg, is described, Catillaria jemtlandica is transferred to Megalaria with Lecidea sublimosa included as a synonym, and Pyrenocollema bryospilum is transferred to Collemopsidium. Epigloea medioincrassata and Lecidea haerjedalica are recorded for the first time from North America and Arthonia lapidicola, Caloplaca spitsbergensis, C. variabilis, Dactylospora deminuta, and Rhizocarpon lecanorinum are documented for the first time from Alaska.
Minimum distance partial linear regression model checking with Berkson measurement errors

Abstract We propose a class of tests for fitting a parametric model to the nonparametric part in partial linear regression models in the presence of Berkson measurement errors in the covariates. The proposed tests are based on certain minimized L 2 distances between a semi-parametric regression function estimator and the parametric regression model being fitted. We establish asymptotic normality of the proposed test statistics and that of the corresponding minimum distance estimators under the fitted model. The consistency of the tests and their asymptotic power against certain local alternatives are also investigated. Simulation and comparison studies are included to evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed tests.
Adhesion suppresses atomic wear in single-asperity sliding

Abstract We investigated the wear formation during a single-asperity sliding against a rigid substrate using molecular dynamics simulations. Two distinct wear mechanisms were observed: low-load atomic wear (isolated debris atoms or clusters) and high-load plastic wear (collective debris formation from plastic flow). The atomic wear rate depends on the normal stress exponentially, in agreement with the mechanically assisted bond-rupture theory. However, the plastic wear rate exhibits linear dependency on the normal stress. It was found that the asperity-substrate adhesion reduces the critical normal stress for the atomic-to-plastic wear transition, suppressing the atomic wear mode. Finally, a wear mechanism map of atomic/plastic wear was constructed in the domain of normal stress and adhesion, which is consistent with existing simulation and experimental results. This wear map could resolve the recent controversy on whether Archard׳s linear law is applicable for low-load tip wear.
Glycosyltransferases and glycan structures contributing to the adhesive activities of L-, E- and P-selectin counter-receptors.

In mammals, leucocytes of the adaptive and innate immune systems must move from their sites of origin to sites of maturation, or to where they are deployed against the invasion of pathogens. The vascular tree serves as the primary throughfare by which leucocytes move to these various destinations. Adhesion must be established between the leucocyte and the endothelial cells that line the vascular tree to enable leucocytes to escape the vascular compartment and then contribute to extravascular immune processes. A major fraction of these leucocyte endothelial-cell adhesive events initiate with, and require interactions between, the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules and their glycoconjugate counter-receptors. This article will review the structures of the glycan components of these counter-receptors, and the glycosyltransferases that control their expression.
Aeroacoustics of Twin Supersonic Impinging Jets

A method of controlling the acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of ideally expanded impinging twin jets has been proposed. As a means of control microjets were used at the nozzle exit. The effect of the controlling method on the flow field and acoustic field was investigated. Particle Image Velocimetry was used as the main tool for flow field diagnostics. The results show that the predominant unsteady character of the impinging twin jets were reduced considerably by the control. Consequently at certain ground plane heights, up to 5 dB reductions in Over All Sound Pressure Level of jet noise was observed and up to 25% of the lift loss was recovered. The lift loss recovery was obtained by decreasing the entrainment of the ambient fluid in to the main jet and thus lower suction pressures on the lift plate. On the other hand no significant effect of control on the fountain flow, which helps lift recovery with up wash, was found.
Demonstration Performance and High-yielding Cultivation Techniques for New Hybrid Rice Combination Teyouhang 2

Teyouhang 2 is a new hybrid rice combination mated by sterile line Longtefu A and restoring line Hang 2 bred by Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences.This combination is characterized by fine comprehensively characters high fertility, stable yield,wide adaptability and so on. The Demonstration Performance,characteristics and key cultivation techniques of Teyouhang 2 are introduced.
Determination of trace elements in human albumin by microwave digestion-ICP-MS

Objective: To develop a method for determining trace elements in human albumin by using microwave digestion- ICP- MS. Methods: Under optimized conditions of ICP- MS the samples( Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ag,Cd,Sb,Cs,Ba,Tl,Pb) were analyzed by standard( STD) mode and the kinetic energy discrimination( KED)mode after microwave digestion. The RF power was 1. 4 k W,the flow rate of carrier gas was 1. 07 m L·min- 1and the flow rate of auxiliary gas was 1. 20 m L·min- 1. The concentric nebulizer was used,and the rotation rate of peristaltic pump was 40 r·min- 1. The mixed internal standards(74Ge,103 Rh,115In,175 Lu,209Bi) were used for calibration in trace element analysis. Results: The analytical results showed that the determination limits of the trace elements were in the range of 0. 01- 0. 21 μg·L- 1. The precision of the method ranged from 0. 1% to 5. 5%. The accuracy was in the range of 81. 9%- 116. 8%. The recovery rates of the studied elements were from 96. 0% to 113. 0%.The national standard reference material GBW07601( GSH- 1) was analyzed by the described method and the measured element values accorded with the standard values. Conclusion: The method could be used for determining trace elements in human albumin.
Sequence Targets Classification Algorithm Based on Ensemble Improvement SVM and Clustering Analysis

Aiming at the existing support vector machine ensemble’s problems,e.g.strong randomicity,larger scale of the training subsets and high complexity of the ensemble classifier,this paper put forwards a novel SVM ensemble construction method based on clustering analysis.The samples were clustered into several clusters according to their distribution with rival penalty competitive learning algorithm.A small quantity of representative instances were chosen as training sets and training SVM that adopt self-perturbation in population convergence speed.Ensemble Improvement SVM was constructed by relative majority voting.Sequence targets classfication is used by this method,and classfication precision of this method has higher classification accuracy and lower time and space complexity comparing to Bagging,Adaboost etc.selection algorithms.
Multimodality imaging of fibromuscular dysplasia

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an uncommon non-inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic cause of arterial disease that may result in stenosis, tortuosity, aneurysm, or dissection. The clinical presentation depends on the vascular bed involved and ranges from asymptomatic to multisystem disease and end organ ischemia. The purpose of this article is to review the role of imaging in patients with FMD with an emphasis on renal FMD. The relevant epidemiology, histopathology, imaging techniques, and interpretation of images will be discussed. Renal artery FMD requires a high index of suspicion for accurate and prompt diagnosis and implementation of appropriate therapy. The treatment will vary based on clinical presentation and distribution of involvement. Noninvasive imaging with duplex ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are reasonable alternatives for the depiction of FMD in comparison to catheter-directed angiography (CA). Patients with FMD are often treated by multispecialty practice including the interventional radiologist.
E-091 atraumatic epidural arteriovenous fistulae of the spine with intradural drainage: case series and review of imaging and treatment methods

Introduction/purpose Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEDAVF) with intradural venous drainage are a rare and poorly understood vascular malady of the spine – one that is both potentially neurologically devastating as well as potentially curable. Several theories have been postulated as to their nature and causative incidents, but they remain a mystery. These types of fistulae are broadly differentiated into two categories: post-traumatic (usually in the cervical spine) and atraumatic (usually lumbar spine). Materials/methods Retrospective search of imaging and clinical data including patient demographics, angiographic findings, surgical results (where applicable), and follow up clinical information was performed in patients who had conventional spinal angiography over the past 10 years. Results We report a series of 14 patients with atraumatic spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula with intradural drainage treated at our institution. Eleven had intradural drainage of the epidural fistula. All of these patients presented with insidious onset of lower extremity weakness mimicking SDAVF both in presentation and on imaging. All patients underwent diagnostic spinal angiogram, and 12/14 (85.7%) had at least one endovascular intervention. Seven of the 15 patients underwent open surgery for their fistula. Ten of the patients (71.4%) had fistulae in the lumbar spine, with 2 patients presenting with an atraumatic SEDAVF in the thoracic spine and 2 in the cervical spine. Eleven of the patients (including all of the patients with cervical and thoracic level SEDAVF) had disc bulges resulting in greater than 25% spinal canal stenosis at an adjacent level. 50% of patients were cured from endovascular methods alone, 14.3% cured purely surgically, and 35.7% cured with a combined approach. Conclusion Because of the variability in venous anatomy and the nature of the circuitous drainage pathway some of these fistulae take, the atraumatic fistulae with intradural venous drainage (a high-risk feature) can be missed if one hasn’t already thought of the diagnosis. All of the patients with intradural drainage had adjacent disc bulges, which may be contributory to the intradural routing of the venous drainage. The epidural space is significantly narrowed by the disc bulge resulting in increased resistance to venous outflow in the epidural space necessitating the drainage to reroute intradurally. Eleven patients with intradural drainage of an epidural fistula in patients presenting with myelopathy is the largest series of such patients reported to date. We also discuss embolization resulting in cure or partial cure in over 85% of the patients in our series, demonstrating the importance of a thorough knowledge of this entity on the part of the neurointerventionalist. Disclosures A. Nicholson: None. M. Amans: None. F. Settecase: None. S. Hetts: None. D. Cooke: None. C. Dowd: None. R. Higashida: None. M. Lawton: None. V. Halbach: None.
Effect of intra-aortic balloon pumping on nutrient coronary flow in normal and ischemic myocardium

The effects of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) on myocardial flow distribution were studied in 50 dogs. Cardiac output was controlled by right heart bypass. In each dog the following parameters were measured with and without IABP during normal coronary perfusion and after regional ischemia was induced by anterior descending coronary vein flow by timed collection, and endocardial/epicardial flow ratios by a previously reported thermal washout technique. In nonischemic myocardium, IABP significantly (p less than 0.05) increased mean coronary sinus flow 11.5 percent +/- 5.8 percent (S.D.) and the mean endocardial/epicardial ratio, 17.3 percent +/- 0.28 percent. In the regionally ischemic myocardium, IABP significantly (p less than 0.05) increased mean segmental coronary vein flow 13.9 percent +/- 1.23 percent but decreased the endocardial/epicardial ratio 29.9 percent +/- 1.1 percent. We conclude that in the dog, IABP enhances subendocardial blood flow in perfused but not in ischemic myocardium. Contrary to common suppositions, the increase in collateral blood flow with IABP preferentially supplies epicardial layers in segmental ischemic zones, but may be shunted from the subendocardium.
Long-Term Survival Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Adenocarcinoma of the Head of the Pancreas

Survival following pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas has improved during the past several decades. Factors that may influence survival, including tumor diameter, DNA status, lymph node status, number of blood transfusions, and use of adjuvant therapy, are discussed.