cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of an external rhythm on oral motor control in children and adults.

BACKGROUND Rhythm has been used in music therapy practice to facilitate speech output in children and adults; however, the underlying mechanism of speech entrainment is not yet understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to (a) determine the feasibility of using the limb motor response model for testing oral motor entrainment and (b) establish initial data on oral motor entrainment across ages. METHODS Six healthy 7- to 10-year-olds, six 11- to 14-year-olds, and twelve 18-35-year-olds served as participants. The oral motor kinematics of the upper lip, lower lip, and jaw were examined while participants repeated a bilabial syllable, recorded under three conditions: preferred tempo with no stimulus, preferred tempo with a rhythmic auditory stimulus, and 10% faster with a rhythmic auditory stimulus. The Spatiotemporal Index (STI) was computed to determine movement variability in each condition and the Synchronization Error (SE) was calculated to determine deviations from the auditory stimulus. RESULTS Successful completion of the protocol by most participants and initial evidence of entrainment supported feasibility. There was a statistically significant difference in the STI for condition and marker placement. There were no significant differences for age. CONCLUSION Oral motor entrainment of isolated syllables may be measured using the motor response model. Although data indicated that children and adults could entrain oral motor movements to the external auditory stimulus, the perceived tempo or the cognitive demands of such tasks may increase oral motor variability.
Characterization of CdTe nanoparticles fabricated by pulsed electron deposition technique at different ablation parameters

Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is a front-runner photovoltaic (PV) material because it has already attained efficiencies above 16%. The fabrication of CdTe nanoparticles has aroused considerable interest because of their potential application as active layer in organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells. They can also be used for sensitisation of wide band gap semiconductors. In this work, we explore pulsed electron beam deposition (PED) technique to fabricate CdTe nanoparticles. Two ablation parameters, namely background gas pressure and electron energy, were varied to investigate their effects on the nanoparticle formation. Optical transmission measurements and SEM indicate that we have deposited CdTe nanocrystalline films exhibiting quantum confinement effects. From AFM, these films are as smooth as the Si substrate. In addition to the smooth film, larger nanoparticles with diameters varying from 40 nm to 500 nm were also deposited on the substrate. They contribute to the absorption onset at the bulk band gap energy. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Ka-band perpendiculary-fed patch array for spatial power combining

A Ka-band spatial power combining amplifier array employing a perpendicular feed structure is presented. The amplifier array utilizes perpendicularly-fed, aperture-coupled microstrip patch antennas with a unique feed structure for both the input and output antennas. This feed places the devices and antennas on separate planes, allowing for a smaller unit cell size, a simplified layout, and a minimum interaction between the devices and fields. A 7/spl times/7 passive and active amplifier array have been designed and fabricated at Ka-band. Experimental measurement results for both arrays are given.
Expedient Wind Energy Potential in Louisiana

Year after year, the world improves upon new ideas and forms of practical ways of applying green energy to humanity''s daily life. Some of these types include solar, nuclear, and natural gas energy, but wind power is growing in the ranks as far as popularity and usage. Countries such as China, the United States, and Germany have led the interest of using renewable resources via windy energy in recent years. The United States is currently building more wind farms and finding more ways to incorporate wind power usage in the lives of average Americans. Certain states are quite advantageous for benefiting from wind power and some have not implemented the use of wind power yet. Louisiana''s current involvement with wind energy is absent because Louisiana is primarily an oil and gas state. Since oil and gas are fossil fuels, they will eventually run out and people will need new sources for energy. Renewable energy sources are a practical choice of sources because they are replenished naturally. With the development of wind energy growing each year, Louisiana could greatly benefit from investing in wind projects. An overview of the development of this industry worldwide and a breakdown of wind energy economically and environmentally will validate that wind energy is a feasible source of green energy for Louisiana.
Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement in the Young A Cautionary Tale

It has sometimes been observed that if there are many solutions to a problem, then it is probable that none is exactly correct. Such is the circumstance for young, adult-sized patients facing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). For their much younger and smaller counterparts, in whom somatic growth is incomplete, the pulmonary autograft (Ross procedure) is certainly the correct solution.1 At the other end of the age spectrum, for patients >70 years of age, a stented bioprosthesis is virtually always the best choice unless high surgical risk would favor transcatheter AVR.2 For patients <60 years of age, a mechanical prosthesis is appropriate, although current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines of the management of patients with valvular heart disease include the following hedge: “A bioprosthesis is recommended in patients of any age for whom anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated, cannot be managed appropriately, or is not desired.”1 Therein lies the rub: Virtually no young adult desires anticoagulation, and adherence to complex medication regimens in this age group is notoriously poor, rendering the “appropriate” management of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) medication dosage problematic.3 Furthermore, a substantial number of young, adult-sized patients facing AVR are female and may wish to avoid VKA during childbearing years, despite recent reports describing favorable outcomes in women with carefully supervised VKA-based anticoagulation during pregnancy.4 Thus, for young, adult-sized patients (and their parents), the contemplation of which valve is the best, or least worst, choice is based on multiple factors, as shown in the Table, with the final selection based on the combination of risk assessment and lifestyle preferences unique to each young patient. (For the sake of completeness, the Table includes the option of stentless bioprostheses, either allograft or xenograft, although they are rarely used except in unusual forms of …
Infundibular Hemangioblastoma in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background Supratentorial hemangioblastomas are rare tumors, most commonly occurring in the sellar/suprasellar region, cerebrum, and ventricle. They are generally found in patients with von Hippel Lindau disease but have infrequently been reported in patients without this syndrome. Case Description A 35-year-old woman with a history of neurofibromatosis type 1 presented to our care with visual loss and headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated an 8-mm cystic, contrast-enhancing lesion abutting the optic chiasm and optic tracts. The patient's endocrine profile was unremarkable. The tumor was resected using an endoscopic expanded transsphenoidal approach. Pathologic evaluation was consistent with hemangioblastoma. Postoperatively, the patient experienced an improvement in her visual symptoms. Conclusions Hemangioblastoma should be included in the differential of sellar/suprasellar mass lesions, particularly in patients with von Hippel Lindau disease. Small suprasellar lesions may be safely and effectively removed using an expanded transsphenoidal approach.
Filling the Dark Spaces: Breast Cancer and Autobiography

(1991). Filling the Dark Spaces: Breast Cancer and Autobiography. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 6, Illness, Disability, and Lifewriting, pp. 85-94.
The Roles of Fathers' Involvement and Coparenting in Relationship Quality among Cohabiting and Married Parents.

Relationship quality often declines following the birth of child, likely reflecting in part the shift towards role traditionalization that occurs through gender specialization. The current study used longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study, an urban birth cohort in 2000 consisting of structured interviews of mothers and fathers who were followed over 5 years (n = 1275), to examine whether low levels of fathers’ involvement and coparenting, two indicators of role traditionalization, were linked to negative trajectories of mothers’ and fathers’ relationship quality for couples whose first child was born in marriage or cohabitation. We carefully consider union transitions in the 5 years postpartum by including between-subjects variables indicating that the parents were continually married, continually cohabiting, were cohabiting at the child’s birth and got married after, or were cohabiting or married at the child’s birth but subsequently separated. As anticipated, both fathers’ involvement and coparenting were positively associated with parents’ reports of relationship quality, more so for mothers than for fathers and especially for cohabiting mothers, buffering the decline in mothers’ and fathers’ relationship quality that typically accompanies the birth of a child. These findings underscore the importance of the father role, not only for the well-being of the child (as we know from other research) but also for the relationship of the parents. Fathers should be encouraged and supported to take an active role in parenting through educational programs and public policy (e.g., paid paternity leave).
Reification in and through law: Elements of a theory in Marx, Lukács, and Honneth:

This paper proposes reformulating the theory and critique of reification around the democracy-undermining consequences of reification in law. In contradistinction to Axel Honneth’s attempts to revi...
Three-dimensional mesoscale heterostructures of ZnO nanowire arrays epitaxially grown on CuGaO2 nanoplates as individual diodes.

We report a three-dimensional (3D) mesoscale heterostructure composed of one-dimensional (1D) nanowire (NW) arrays epitaxially grown on two-dimensional (2D) nanoplates. Specifically, three facile s...
Contributions to Morphology of Insects.

Morphology is fundamentally a descriptive science. Our descriptions by comparison with other species lead to ideas of relationships that take us into the theories of evolution. If we are concerned with the phylogenetic aspects while attempting to understand homologies, we are then browsing in the field of comparative anatomy. It is evident, then, that a knowledge of morphology is basic to a knowledge of function and physiology, and that a knowledge of phylogeny depends upon morphology as well as embryology and paleontology, both of which are studied mainly from the structural standpoint. As regards taxonomy, except for some feeble attempts to establish physiological and ecological species, its dependence on morphology for our systems of classification can be summed up in the recent statement of Ferris (1928) in which he writes, “the greater part of our work in systematic entomology must be based upon a study of external structures, that is, upon morphology. It follows that morphology and systematics are essentially synonymous and inseparable. A genuinely scientific system demands that every structure which is to be found upon the body of the insect be taken into consideration and until that has been done our work is to be regarded as incomplete.”
Ethanol Extract of Eucommia ulmoides Leaves Inhibits Alpha-Glucosidase in Caco-2 Cells

The inhibitory effects of 40% ethanol extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves on alpha-glucosidase and glucose transport were investigated in Caco-2 cells in vitro to elucidate the anti-hyperglycemic mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides leaves. The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in the ethanol extract were also identified by GC-MS analysis. The kinetic study showed that the 20% ethanol elution fraction(EEB) from macroporous resin AB-8 of the ethanol extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves could competitively inhibit alpha-glucosidase with a Ki value of 32.90 mg/mL, indicating that alphaglucosidase has a strong affinity with the extract. Meanwhile, the inhibition was found to be reinforced as the concentration of EEB increased. For investigation of the inhibitory effect of EEB in Caco-2 cells, cytotoxicity assays were firstly conducted by using different concentrations of EEB(0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/mL) to determine the safety level at which cell growth and viability could not be affected. All tested concentrations of EEB had no effect on the growth or viability of Caco-2 cells. Subsequently, EEB at various concentration exhibited effective suppression on alpha-glucosidase by using maltose(28 mmol/L) as the substrate in Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.57 mg/mL. Furthermore, EEB could also attenuate glucose transport in Caco-2 cells, which could be decreased to 26.25% by EEB(1 mg/mL). These results indicate that EEB exerts strong anti-hyperglycemic effect by suppressing disaccharidase and glucose transportors. GC-MS analysis was conducted to elucidate the composition of the ethanol extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves. It was found that acids, monosaccharides, polyphenols, esters, amino acids were the main components of EEB. Further analysis by GC-MS revealed that the ethanol extract was rich in DL-isocitric acid lactone, thymol, catechin, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy cinnamic acid. These compounds may play important roles in the hypoglycemic effect of the extract. The present study suggests Eucommia ulmoides leaves are a medicinal food material for preventing and treating diabetes, and could be further developed into healthful products.
SU-C-207B-02: Maximal Noise Reduction Filter with Anatomical Structures Preservation

Purpose: All medical images contain noise, which can result in an undesirable appearance and can reduce the visibility of anatomical details. There are varieties of techniques utilized to reduce noise such as increasing the image acquisition time and using post-processing noise reduction algorithms. However, these techniques are increasing the imaging time and cost or reducing tissue contrast and effective spatial resolution which are useful diagnosis information. The three main focuses in this study are: 1) to develop a novel approach that can adaptively and maximally reduce noise while preserving valuable details of anatomical structures, 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of available noise reduction algorithms in comparison to the proposed algorithm, and 3) to demonstrate that the proposed noise reduction approach can be used clinically. Methods: To achieve a maximal noise reduction without destroying the anatomical details, the proposed approach automatically estimated the local image noise strength levels and detected the anatomical structures, i.e. tissue boundaries. Such information was used to adaptively adjust strength of the noise reduction filter. The proposed algorithm was tested on 34 repeating swine head datasets and 54 patients MRI and CT images. The performance was quantitatively evaluated by image quality metrics and manually validated for clinical usages by two radiation oncologists and one radiologist. Results: Qualitative measurements on repeated swine head images demonstrated that the proposed algorithm efficiently removed noise while preserving the structures and tissues boundaries. In comparisons, the proposed algorithm obtained competitive noise reduction performance and outperformed other filters in preserving anatomical structures. Assessments from the manual validation indicate that the proposed noise reduction algorithm is quite adequate for some clinical usages. Conclusion: According to both clinical evaluation (human expert ranking) and qualitative assessment, the proposed approach has superior noise reduction and anatomical structures preservation capabilities over existing noise removal methods. Senior Author Dr. Deshan Yang received research funding form ViewRay and Varian.
Cost-Effective Low-Temperature CVD Coatings for Industrial Applications

(1990). Cost-Effective Low-Temperature CVD Coatings for Industrial Applications. Materials and Processing Report: Vol. 5, No. 7, pp. 3-5.
Contextualizing remote touch for affect conveyance

Touch is an expressive and powerful modality in affect conveyance. A simple touch such as a hug can elicit strong feelings of affection both in the touch initiator and recipient. Therefore, delivering touch over a distance to a long-distance family member or significant other has been an appealing concept for both researchers and designers. However, compared to the development of audio, video channels that allow the transmission of voice, facial expression, and gesture, digitally mediated touch (Remote Touch) has not received much attention. We believe that this is partially due to the lack of understanding of the capabilities and communication possibilities that remote touch brings. This dissertation presents a review of related psychological and sociological literature of touch, and proposes a model of immediacy of the touch channel for affect conveyance. We advance three hypotheses regarding the possibility of remote touch in immediate affect conveyance: presence, fidelity, and context. We posit that remote touch with relatively low touch fidelity can convey meaningful immediate affect when it is accompanied by a contextualizing channel. To test the hypothesis, two sets of remote touch devices were designed and prototyped that allow users to send or receive a squeeze on the upper arm effectively. Three in-lab user studies were conducted to investigate the role of remote touch in affect conveyance. These studies showed clearly that remote touch, when contextualized, can influence the affective component in communication. My results demonstrated that remote touch can afford a rich spectrum of meanings and affects. Three major categories of the usage are identified as positive affect touch that serves to convey affects such as affection, sympathy and sharing, comfort etc., playful touch that serves to lighten the conversations, and conversational touch that serves to regulate the dynamics in the discourse. The interview results also provide insights into how people use this new channel in their communication.
Adult Learning for Social Change in Museums: An Exploration of Sociocultural Learning Approaches to Community Engagement.

This integrative literature review critically examined how scholars were articulating the work of museums to make a space for ‘adult learning for social change through community engagement’. We app...
Incorporation of lean methodology into pharmacy residency programs.

Purpose The implementation of lean methodology into pharmacy residency programs at a community teaching hospital is described. Summary New Hanover Regional Medical Center, a community teaching hospital in southeastern North Carolina, fully adopted a lean culture in 2010. Given the success of lean strategies organizationally, this methodology was used to assist with the evaluation and development of its pharmacy residency programs in 2014. Lean tools and activities have also been incorporated into residency requirements and rotation learning activities. The majority of lean events correspond to the required competency areas evaluating leadership and management, teaching, and education. These events have included participation in and facilitation of various lean problem-solving and communication tools. The application of the 4 rules of lean has resulted in enhanced management of the programs and provides a set of tools by which continual quality improvement can be ensured. Regular communication and direct involvement of all invested parties have been critical in developing and sustaining new improvements. In addition to program enhancements, lean methodology offers novel methods by which residents may be incorporated into leadership activities. Conclusion The incorporation of lean methodology into pharmacy residency programs has translated into a variety of realized and potential benefits for the programs, the preceptors and residents, and the health system. Specific areas of growth have included quality-improvement processes, the expansion of leadership opportunities for residents, and improved communication among program directors, preceptors, and residents.
Do learning rates differ by race/ethnicity over kindergarten? Reconciling results across gain score, first-difference, and random effects models

Abstract The question of whether students’ school-year learning rates differ by race/ethnicity is important for monitoring educational inequality. Researchers applying different modeling strategies to the same data (the ECLS-K:99) have reached contrasting conclusions on this question. We outline the similarities and differences across three common approaches to estimating gains and heterogeneity in gains: 1) a gain score model (with intercept), 2) a first-difference (FD) model (in some cases equivalent to regression-through-the-origin [RTO] and student fixed effects models), and 3) a student random effects (RE) model. We show via simulation that FD/RTO and RE models produce estimates of learning rates – and group differences in learning rates – with more favorable RMSD compared to the gain score model with intercept. Using data from the ECLS-K:99, we demonstrate that these precision differences lead to contrasting inferences regarding learning rate heterogeneity, and likely explain the inconsistencies across previous studies.
Single and interleaved split-pi DC-DC converter

This paper presents analysis, design, and implementation of the high-frequency split-pi converter. Split-Pi converter has distinctive features like the symmetry of the input and the output components. Also, the continuity of the input and output currents makes this converter more desirable in applications like electric vehicles and power management. Split-pi converter is a bi-directional voltage-fed input voltage-fed output converter. As most of the renewable sources are naturally voltage sources, this converter is very suitable for interfacing such sources. With interleaved split-pi converter can have smooth input current and output currents. The converter is simulated, and details of voltage and current stresses of the components are illustrated. A 100 W hardware prototype is designed and implemented experimentally to verify the analysis and the design. The switches were implemented using GaN-based switches to allow operating at high frequency.
Thermal Stability of Ion Implanted, Laser Annealed Films

Electrical measurements and Rutherford backscattering have been used to evaluate the thermal stability of single crystal and polycrystalline Si films that were ion implanted and laser annealed. The films were implanted with 75 As or 31 p and annealed with either a pulsed ruby, a pulsed Nd:YAG or a CW­Ar + laser. The samples were then thermally annealed at temperatures between 450 and 900°C. The single crystal samples implanted with arsenic below 1 × 10 -15 cm −2 were thermally stable. For higher doses the electrical concentration reaches a minimum at 800°C. The same trends are observed in the polysilicon films for sufficiently high doping levels. RBS shows that As is precipitating at 700°C in single crystal material and has begun to go back into solution at 900°C for concentrations of ∼7 × 10 20 cm −3 . Similar trends are observed for 31 P implanted samples.
Levels of Interest in the Study of Interpersonal Justice

The period following 1976 ought to have been the halcyon years of equity theory. The year 1976 stands as a landmark, because in that year, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology devoted an entire volume to equity theory, the only time since its inauguration in 1964 that a single issue has been so dedicated. The reason for this unprecedented attention was the “new mood of optimism [that] is emerging in social psychology.” This hopefulness sprang from the promise of equity theory, because “equity theory was developed in the hope of providing the glimmerings of the general theory that social psychologists so badly need.” (Both quotes, Berkowitz & Walster, 1976, p. xi.) In other words, it was thought, by the editors as well as many other researchers at the time, that equity theory might be the general systems theory that would provide a framework for conceptualizing most aspects of social relations. In so doing, the theory would make available an integrated structure for the myriad of minitheories and isolated experimental phenomena that then predominated the literature.
Programmed DNA Breaks Activate the Germline Genome in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Summary In Caenorhabditis elegans, the primordial germ cells Z2 and Z3 are born during early embryogenesis and then held in a transcriptionally quiescent state where the genome is highly compacted. When hatched L1s feed, the germline genome decompacts, and RNAPII is abruptly and globally activated. A previously documented yet unexplained feature of germline genome activation in the worm is the appearance of numerous DNA breaks coincident with RNAPII transcription. Here, we show that the DNA breaks are induced by topoisomerase II and that they function to recruit the RUVB complex to chromosomes so that RUVB can decompact the chromatin. DNA break- and RUVB-mediated decompaction is required for zygotic genome activation. This work highlights the importance of global chromatin decompaction in the rapid induction of gene expression and shows that one way cells achieve global decompaction is through programmed DNA breaks.
Unique Effects of p53 −/− Leukemic Cells On Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Gene Expression Profile in Vitro

Abstract Abstract 3468 Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) participate in the generation of the microenvironmental bone marrow niche which protects normal and leukemic stem cells from injuries, including chemotherapy. MSC produce numerous factors that aid in this function; however, little is known about how leukemic cells affect MSC. In this study, paired murine AML cells, MLL/ENL/FIT3-ITD/p53−/− and MLL/ENL/FIT3-ITD/p53wt, originally derived from C57BL/6 mice (Zuber et al. Genes & Dev. 2009), were co-cultured with MSC from the same strain. After 48 hrs, MSC were isolated by FACS sorting using CD45−/PDGFr+ as markers. Total RNA was profiled on Illumina WG6 mouse whole-genome bead arrays by standard procedures. The significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) method identified 429 differentially-expressed genes (DEG) whose expression in MSC differed significantly (false discovery rate, 10%) in co-cultures with p53−/− (C78) vs. p53wt (C147) leukemic cells. Differences in these DEG were highly consistent in replicates ( Figure 1 ). The results demonstrate that: 1) p53 status (p53−/− vs. p53wt) of AML cells affects GEP patterns in co-cultured MSC. Comparison of the GEP in MSC co-cultured with p53−/− (78) or p53wt (147) ( Fig 1 ) identified the following 5 genes that showed the most significant differences (up- or down-regulated): up-regulated: WNT16, WNT5, IGFBp5, GCNT1, ATP1B1; down-regulated: NOS2, DCN, CCL7, CCL2, CAR9, CCL4. These were selected for qPCR validation, and the results confirmed the array data. In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed that WNT16 was up-regulated in MSC co-cultured with p53wt leukemic cells. In addition, CXCL5 was found up-regulated in MSC co-cultured with p53−/− leukemic cells. These results were consistent with the GEP data. 2) Leukemic cells alter MSC Signaling proteins in vitro: Western blotting showed that Stat3, Akt, PTEN, CXCL5 and HIF-1α were up- regulated in MSC co-cultured with p53−/− leukemic cells as compared to p53wt leukemic cells (48 hrs). Additional analyses showed that the downstream targets of HIF-1α, VEGFa and VEGFc, but not VEGFb, were up-regulated. Taken together, these results suggest that 1) leukemic cells with different p53 genetic background co-cultured with normal MSC have profoundly differential effects on GEP of normal MSC; 2) MSC co-cultured with p53−/− leukemic cells resulted in increased levels of onco-proteins such as Akt and HIF-1α when compared to MSC co-cultured with p53wt leukemic cells. Results suggest, for the first time, that the genetics of leukemic cells determines gene expression in co-cultured MSC. In vivo experiments are in progress to provide in vivo evidence for the existence of a novel model of leukemia-stroma interactions where the genetics of the tumor cell impacts stromal cell biology. Download : Download high-res image (28KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Factors That Mattered in Helping Travelers From Countries With Ebola Outbreaks Participate in Post-Arrival Monitoring During the 2014-2016 Ebola Epidemic

During the 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed the CARE+ program to help travelers arriving to the United States from countrie...
Large-Eddy Simulation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Over the last 50 years the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique has developed into one of the most prominent numerical tools used to study transport processes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). This review examines development of the technique as a tool for ABL research, integration with state-of-the-art scientific computing resources, and some key application areas. Analysis of the published literature indicates that LES research across a broad range of applications accelerated starting around 1990. From that point in time, robust research using LES developed in several different application areas and based on a review of the papers published in this journal, we identify seven major areas of intensive ABL–LES research: convective boundary layers, stable boundary layers, transitional boundary layers, plant canopy flows, urban meteorology and dispersion, surface heterogeneity, and the testing and development of subgrid-scale (SGS) models. We begin with a general overview of LES and then proceed to examine the SGS models developed for use in ABL–LES. After this overview of the technique itself, we review the specific model developments tailored to the identified application areas and the scientific advancements realized using the LES technique in each area. We conclude by examining the computational trends in published ABL–LES research and identify some resource underutilization. Future directions and research needs are identified from a synthesis of the reviewed literature.
In-hospital outcomes after bariatric surgery in patients with heart failure

Based on the largest publicly available all-payer inpatient database in the United States, this study sought to evaluate real-world outcomes after bariatric surgery among patients with heart failure.
Management of High-Risk Breast Lesions

High-risk breast lesions (HRLs) are a group of heterogeneous lesions that can be associated with a synchronous or adjacent breast cancer and that confer an elevated lifetime risk of breast cancer. Management of HRLs after core needle biopsy may include close imaging and clinical follow-up or excisional biopsy to evaluate for cancer. This article reviews histologic features and clinical presentation of each of the HRLs, current evidence with regard to management, and guidelines from the American Society of Breast Surgeons and National Comprehensive Cancer Network. In addition, imaging surveillance and risk-reduction strategies for women with HRLs are discussed.
Nonviral sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy: current controversies and new challenges.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an update of nonviral, curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in pregnancy and summarizes our understanding of the current issues and controversies surrounding risk factors, screening, and treatment of STIs in pregnancy primarily in high-income countries (using the United States and the United Kingdom as examples). The infections covered in this review are syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and Mycoplasma genitalium infections. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, limited modern data is available to update researchers and clinicians on the epidemiology and care of STIs in pregnancy. Though common risk factors can be identified among these STIs, like socioeconomic status and inadequate antenatal care, specific screening and treatment challenges vary by geography and pathogen. Wherever available, surveillance data and research evidence are often limited to nonpregnant patients, leading to imperfect pregnancy-specific risk estimates and obstetric lags in the development and adoption of new guidelines. We have identified three areas of opportunity that may enhance the effectiveness of current approaches and inform new ones: improved data collection and evidence-based screening practices; prompt and comprehensive therapy, including partner services, and evaluations of new treatment modalities; and equitable antenatal and sexual healthcare for all pregnant persons and their partners. SUMMARY These findings highlight the need to revisit standards of screening and management of STIs in pregnancy in high-income countries.
'Falsehood flies, and the truth comes limping after it': social media and public health.

Purpose of review To highlight the various uses of social media by public health practitioners and organizations, with special emphasis on how social media has been successfully applied and where applications have struggled to achieve the desired effects. Recent findings Social media has been used effectively in improving the timeliness and accuracy of public health surveillance. Social media has also been used to communicate information between public health organizations and reinforce consistent messaging about enduring threats to public health. It has been applied with some success to coordinate of disaster response and for keeping the public informed during other emergency situations. However, social media has also been weaponized against the public health community to spread disinformation and misinformation, and the public health community has yet to devise a successful strategy to mitigate this destructive use of social media. Summary Social media can be an effective tool for public health practitioners and organizations who seek to disseminate information on a daily basis, rapidly convey information in emergent situations, and battle misinformation. Social media has been uniquely valuable and distinctly destructive when it comes to protecting and improving public health.
John Paul II, The Structures of Sin and the Limits of the Law.

INTRODUCTION 318 I. FATHER ZOSIMA AND THE LIMITS OF LAW 323 A. Materialism and Alienation: The Characteristics of Modern Social Life 327 B. Solidarity: The Human Person and Community 331 C. The Insufficiency of Mere Structural Change 332 II. STRUCTURES OF SIN AND THE NEED FOR PERSONAL CONVERSION ......... 333 A. The Phenomenon of Social Sin 334 B. Papal and Conciliar Teaching on the Limitations of Structural Reform 335 III. LAW AND THE PRIORITY OF CULTURE 338 A. John Paul II and the Meaning of “Culture” 339 B. Identifying the Salient Features of American Culture 341 C. The Relationship Between Law and Culture 343 IV. MODESTY AND MORALISM: THE SKEEL-STUNTZ THESIS 348 V. LAW, CULTURE, AND THE PROBLEM OF ABORTION: A CONTEMPORARY APPLICATION 350 A. Abortion Restrictions: The Pursuit of Justice, Not Salvation 351 B. No Mere Symbol: The Effect of Legal Restrictions on the Incidence of Abortion 355
Coagulation profiles and viscoelastic testing in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize viscoelastic testing profiles of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). METHODS: This single-center retrospective review included 30 patients diagnosed with MIS-C from March 1 to September 1, 2020. Thromboelastography (TEG) with platelet mapping was performed in 19 (63%) patients and compared to age- and sex-matched controls prior to cardiac surgery. Relationships between TEG parameters and inflammatory markers were assessed using correlation. RESULTS: Patients with MIS-C had abnormal TEG results compared to controls, including decreased kinetic (K) time (1.1 vs. 1.7 minutes, p < .01), increased alpha angle (75.0° vs. 65.7°, p < .01), increased maximum amplitude (70.8 vs. 58.3 mm, p < .01), and decreased lysis in 30 minutes (Ly30) (1.1% vs. 3.7%, p = .03); consistent with increased clot formation rate and strength, and reduced fibrinolysis. TEG maximum amplitude was moderately correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r = 0.60, p = .02), initial platelet count (r = 0.67, p < .01), and peak platelet count (r = 0.51, p = .03). TEG alpha angle was moderately correlated with peak platelet count (r = 0.54, p = .02). Seventeen (57%) patients received aspirin (ASA) and anticoagulation, five (17%) received only ASA, and three (10%) received only anticoagulation. No patients had a symptomatic thrombotic event. Six (20%) patients had a bleeding event, none of which was major. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MIS-C had evidence of hypercoagulability on TEG. Increased ESR and platelets were associated with higher clot strength. Patients were prophylactically treated with ASA or anticoagulation with no symptomatic thrombosis or major bleeding. Further multicenter study is required to characterize the rate of thrombosis and optimal thromboprophylaxis algorithm in this patient population.
Generalizing Effects of Frontostriatal Structural Connectivity on Self-Esteem Using Predictive Modeling

Determining the generalizability of biological mechanisms supporting psychological constructs is a central goal of cognitive neuroscience. Self-esteem is a popular psychological construct that is associated with a variety of measures of mental health and life satisfaction. Recently, there has been interest in identifying biological mechanisms that support individual differences in self-esteem. Understanding the biological basis of self-esteem requires identifying predictive biomarkers of self-esteem that generalize across groups of individuals. Previous research using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging has shown that self-esteem is related to the integrity of structural connections linking frontostriatal brain systems involved in self-referential processing and reward. However, these findings were based on a small, relatively homogeneous group of participants. In the current study, we used an out-of-sample predictive modeling approach to generalize the results of the previous study to an independent sample of participants more than twice the size of the original study. We found that both linear univariate and multivariate machine learning models trained on frontostriatal integrity from the original data significantly predicted self-esteem in the independent dataset. These findings underscore the relationship between self-esteem and frontostriatal connectivity and suggest these results are robust to differences in scanning acquisition, analytic methods, and participant demographics.
Sitting on a Gold Mine: The Current State of the Oil & Gas Industry in South Dakota and the Potential Economic Impact of the Three Forks-Sanish Oil Formation

South Dakota recently announced that its state government would run a budget deficit of $127 million in its general fund for budget year 2012. The newly-elected Governor, Dennis Daugaard, called for budget cuts in vital government services to meet this shortfall. As a result, the South Dakota legislature passed a budget that resulted in a ten percent reduction in most state agencies’ budgets. In the last year or so, news has come out about a large oil formation called the Three Forks-Sanish formation. It encompasses four states, including South Dakota. Drilling has begun in this formation, most notably in North Dakota. To date, there have been no efforts made to drill in the Three Forks-Sanish formation in South Dakota. This paper will take a brief look at the causes for the shortfall in state revenues, look at the current state of the oil & gas industry in South Dakota, discuss the possible economic impact that drilling in the Three Forks-Sanish formation may have on the state, and examine measures that may need to be taken to increase drilling in the state.
Promotion of pistillate flowering in Cucúrbita by 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid.

All accessions tested of four cultivated species ofCucurbita responded to seedling treatment with 250 ppm 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid by developing only pistillate flowers for an extended period. This growth regulator is a promising means of facilitating hybrid seed production of squash. A similar treatment did not induce flowering of wild species ofCucurbita that were vegetative under the environmental conditions of the experiment.
Nuclear DNA-binding proteins.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses and provides protocols for electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) and DNase I protection assays, and presents particular experiments that exemplify important biological paradigms or methodologies in muscle research. A method for nuclear extract preparation is discussed. The protocols and examples given in this chapter demonstrate that the EMSA and DNase I protection assays are powerful tools for the identification and study of the DNA-binding proteins involved in myogenesis. When used in conjunction with nuclear extracts, these techniques can map muscle-specific promoters and enhancers, determine precise DNA sequence requirements for protein binding, yield information concerning the developmental stage and tissue specificity of DNA-binding activities, and facilitate the cloning of novel DNA-binding factors. Once DNA-binding proteins have been cloned, these same techniques can be used to characterize both the proteins and the DNA sequences to which they bind. When interpreted in the light of corroborating functional studies, EMSAs and DNase I protection assays provide a strong foundation for the understanding of transcriptional mechanisms, driving muscle differentiation and determination.
Process-Control Behaviors in Accelerated Man-in-the-Loop Simulation

This research was conducted to develop and demonstrate a realistic man-in-the-loop simulator for use by ergonomics designers. A man-in-the-loop simulator uses a computer to simulate the job environment of an operator and this form of simulation employs real operators at a mockup of the man/machine interface design. A new structured simulation program for wide application and portability was sought for use with a minicomputer which would greatly reduce the user's time in adapting it to specific applications and for making design changes. Part of this simulator includes a support program that collects and analyzes the operator's performance and error data. This simulator is demonstrated for the task of scheduling ingots into and out of soaking pits of a steel mill. Other process control situations are considered and limitations are shown. Tests on the simulation rate effect and other tests, now in process, are described. Applications in training and skill maintenance are also discussed.
Engineering Component-Based Systems with Distributed Object Technology

Distributed object technology (DOT) is the synthesis of object technology and distributed systems technology. While there is no universal approach to this synthesis, a number of technologies have emerged: SunSoft's Java, Microsoft's DCOM, and OMG's CORBA, to name just a few. The recent explosion of the worldwide web has given impetus to the adoption of DOT. In this paper we survey a broad range of implications concerning the use of DOT for integrating systems from large-scale software components. We discuss the architectural implications of DOT in terms of design patterns and middleware, and highlight the pragmatics of encapsulating components with DOT. We describe recent experiments we have conducted concerning interoperation among different DOTS. Finally, we outline some techniques that we have found to be useful for keeping abreast of the quickening developments in DOT.
The Positive Empirical Relationship of Professionalism to Effectiveness in the Practice of Law

This paper examines the relationship between professionalism and effectiveness through a review of empirical literature from the social sciences and the professions. In both peer-reviewed and industry studies, increased capacities for professionalism (e.g. personal conscience defined as perceptual clarity and empathy, moral judgment, moral identity, and moral implementation skills) were related to a wide range of effectiveness outcomes as assessed by clients and experienced professionals. These effectiveness outcomes include (1) increased satisfaction with the professional’s services, (2) decreased likelihood the professional experiences malpractice claims or complaints, and (3) increased likelihood the professional will detect or report wrongdoing. Evidence indicates that professionalism is not a fixed trait, but rather it can be enhanced and developed across the career span.
Detection of mutations in mtDNA.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the detection of mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). There are several distinctive features of mtDNA that are relevant to the understanding of mtDNA-related diseases. An ever-increasing number of mitochondrial diseases with distinct clinical phenotypes have been associated with mutations in mtDNA, almost all of which resulted in neurological or neuromuscular disorders. These errors fall into three major classes—large-scale rearrangements of mtDNA, depletion of mtDNA, or point mutations in mtDNA. Large-scale single deletions of mtDNA are associated with three major clinical conditions—Kearns-Sayre syndrome, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and Pearson syndrome. The chapter describes both the southern blot technique and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. MtDNA depletion syndromes comprise a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by severe reduction in mtDNA copy number. Primary mtDNA depletion is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is associated with mutations in nuclear-encoded genes responsible for mtDNA synthesis or maintenance of deoxynucleotide pools. The chapter also describes point mutations in mtDNA. More than 150 pathogenic mtDNA point mutations have been documented and new ones are still being described.