cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stoecker, Randy. (2018). Liberating service learning and the rest of higher education civic engagement. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 228 pp. ISBN 9781439913529.

Stoecker, Randy. (2018). Liberating service learning and the rest of higher education civic engagement. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 228 pp.ISBN 9781439913529.
Applying the Collaborative Care Model to treat depression and anxiety in breast cancer (BC) patients.

e14004Background: Depression and anxiety are frequent causes of excess morbidity for cancer patients, but access to mental health care, including outpatient psychiatry, is limited across academic a...
Thiol-norbornene reactions to improve natural rubber dispersion in cellulose nanofiber coatings

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) coatings are excellent grease barriers for biodegradable packaging. However, barrier properties are moisture sensitive, so hydrophobic components such as latexes or polymers are needed to impart moisture resistance, but incompatibility leads to poor dispersion. In this work, CNF modified with norbornenes was reacted with natural rubber (NR) latex in water to improve dispersion, coating formation, and coating moisture resistance by creating hybrid particles. Mixtures and reacted samples were coated through filtration onto paper. The hybrid particles improved NR retention and drainage rate as compared to the CNF/latex mixture. Hybrid particle coatings showed more uniform NR dispersion as compared to the mixtures, which formed NR and CNF layers. NR addition to coatings increased the water contact angle, reduced water absorption, and decreased the water vapor transmission rate. All coatings passed a 12-kit grease test before folding and the mixtures formed a crack-resistant CNF layer on the surface.
On the long-time statistical behavior of smooth solutions of the weakly damped, stochastically-driven KdV equation

This paper considers the damped periodic Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation in the presence of a white-in-time and spatially smooth stochastic source term and studies the long-time behavior of solutions. We show that the integrals of motion for KdV can be exploited to prove regularity and ergodic properties of invariant measures for damped stochastic KdV. First, by considering non-trivial modifications of the integrals of motion, we establish Lyapunov structure by proving that moments of Sobolev norms of solutions at all orders of regularity are bounded globally-in-time; existence of invariant measures follows as an immediate consequence. Next, we prove a weak Foias-Prodi type estimate for damped stochastic KdV, for which the synchronization occurs in expected value. This estimate plays a crucial role throughout our subsequent analysis. As a first novel application, we combine the Foias-Prodi estimate with the Lyapunov structure to establish that invariant measures are supported on $C^\infty$ functions provided that the external driving forces belong to $C^\infty$. We then establish ergodic properties of invariant measures, treating the regimes of arbitrary damping and large damping separately. For arbitrary damping, we demonstrate that the framework of `asymptotic coupling' can be implemented for a compact proof of uniqueness of the invariant measure provided that sufficiently many directions in phase space are stochastically forced. Our proof is paradigmatic for SPDEs for which a weak Foias-Prodi type property holds. Lastly, for large damping, we establish the existence of a spectral gap with respect to a Wasserstein-like distance, and exponential mixing and uniqueness of the invariant measure follows.
Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations of Peptides

The basic building blocks of life are amino acids. Peptides are the next larger unit, formed by a few amino acids. This makes them an excellent model system to study weak intra- and intermolecular forces which are important to describe dynamics and function of organic molecules. We present results on L-carnosine and tetrameric enzymatic-peptides. We will discuss their spectra and compare the experimental findings with periodic boundary density functional theory calculations.
Chapter 17 – Disinfection of Contaminated Produce with Conventional Washing and Sanitizing Technology

Fresh and fresh-cut produce can become contaminated with human pathogens and spoilage-causing microorganisms during crop production and harvesting. Packers and processors depend upon washing and sanitizing treatments to remove or inactivate such contaminants. In this chapter the advantages and disadvantages, regulatory status, and efficacy of conventional washing and sanitizing agents including chlorine, approved alternatives to chlorine, novel formulations, and produce washes intended for home or food service use are examined. Typically, population reductions are limited to 1 to 2 logs (90–99%) due to equipment design issues, attachment of microorganisms to inaccessible sites on produce surfaces, biofilm formation, and internalization of microorganisms within produce. Some commodities and fresh-cut products, such as leafy vegetables, tomatoes, cantaloupes, sprouted seeds, and apples, have a history of association with outbreaks of food-borne illness which may be related to difficulties in decontamination. While currently attainable population reduction levels reduce spoilage and improve product safety, they are insufficient to assure safety in the event of contamination with human pathogens. More potent, penetrating treatments such as surface heat pasteurization or irradiation may be required to reach higher levels of safety. Additionally, further improvements in produce safety may require preharvest interventions that reduce opportunities for microbial contamination.
Repairable Systems Reliability Constant Tests Base on Kalman Filter and Monte Carlo Simulation

Predictive Maintenance (PdM) is a important approach to tackle maintenance and it is gaining an increasing attention in advanced manufacturing to minimize scrap materials, downtime, and associated costs. For a counting failure process, successive inter-arrival failure times will tend to become larger (smaller) for an improving (deteriorating) system. During testing and development of new systems, reliability trend analysis is needed to evaluate the progress of the design development and improvement process. A hypothesis test for repairable systems reliability failure constant base on Kalman filter and Monte Carlo simulation was built and implement on both simulation and real data.
Modeling Flash Memory Channels Using Conditional Generative Nets

Understanding the NAND flash memory channel has become more and more challenging due to the continually increasing density and the complex distortions arising from the write and read mechanisms. In this work, we propose a data-driven generative modeling method to characterize the flash memory channel. The learned model can reconstruct the read voltage from an individual memory cell based on the program levels of the cell and its surrounding array of cells. Experimental results show that the statistical distribution of the reconstructed read voltages accurately reflects the measured distribution on a commercial flash memory chip, both qualitatively and as quantified by the total variation distance. Moreover, we observe that the learned model can capture precise inter-cell interference (ICI) effects, as verified by comparison of the error probabilities of specific patterns in wordlines and bitlines.
New teaching and learning techniques facilitated by information technology

A wide variety of classroom techniques are being advocated to increase learning: active learning, collaboration, integration of assessment and feedback, and the use of concrete physical manipulatives. These techniques must be transformed into practical tools and be infused with content from the subject area. At the same time, the information technology revolution has provided tools for developing these techniques and sharing them with community of educators. With this as background, the authors have modified their classroom activities in fundamental engineering science subjects so that students are actively involved in constructing their knowledge. This is done allowing students to contemplate real systems through the prism of the basic concepts of the subject, as we integrate conceptual assessment into the class activities which empower students to monitor their intellectual progress. These ideas are encapsulated in learning modules which often include relevant physical examples (classroom desktop experiments or demonstrations), PowerPoint presentations and, often, concept questions. Students study the physical artifacts, with the instructor guiding the class through the PowerPoint presentations so as to deliberately focus student attention on relevant aspects of these artifacts.
Neutronics Analysis of the Modular Stellarator Power Reactor UWTOR-M

Neutronics and photonics analysis for UWTOR-M was carried out to assess radiation streaming effects on reactor performance. The effect the lithium enrichment in the Li/sub 17/Pb/sub 83/ breeder has on radiation streaming was investigated. Using an enrichment of 35% was found to yield an adequate tritium breeding ratio of 1.08 and an overall energy multiplication of 1.153. The bulk shield was optimized to reduce the radiation effects in the superconducting magnets with the limited shielding space available in the design. Detailed analysis for the radiation streaming into the divertor regions has been performed. The divertor targets were found to recover 91% of the streaming energy.
Multi-protein complexes in eukaryotic gene transcription

Specific transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II at eukaryotic protein-coding genes involves the cooperative assembly at the core promoter of more than 40 distinct proteins – with a total mass of over 2 MDa – including RNA polymerase II itself and general/basal transcription initiation factors, to form a stable pre-initiation complex (PIC). In vivo, PIC assembly is a major point of regulation by sequence-specific transcription regulators (activators and repressors) and is hindered by the packaging of promoter DNA into nucleosomes and higher order chromatin structures. Genetic and biochemical studies have recently identified a variety of transcription cofactors/co-regulators (coactivators and corepressors) that interact with sequence-specific regulators and/or various components of the general/basal transcription machinery and are essential for regulated transcription. An emerging view from these studies is that regulators must target two types of transcription cofactors: chromatin-modifying/remodeling cofactors and general cofactors that associate with and/or influence the activities of components of the general/basal transcription machinery. The recent biochemical identification and characterization of many different chromatin-modifying and general transcription cofactors has revealed their often complex multi-subunit nature and a previously unsuspected level of structural and functional redundancy. Another emerging theme is the multifunctional nature of chromatin-modifying cofactor complexes that appear to couple gene-specific transcription to other cellular processes.
An Empirical Investigation of Alternative Contingent Claims Models for Pricing Residential Mortgages

Researchers have employed option pricing techniques to analyze mortgage financing and valuation. Alternative models (one-, two-, and three-variable models) employing different variables (short- and long-term interest rates and building value) have been designed to price mortgage securities. No prior research has addressed the question of whether the pricing accuracy of these contingent claims models improves as states increase or whether contingent claims models' valuation abilities generate reasonable estimates of primary mortgage market prices. The articles investigates the relative efficiency of each of these alternative mortgage valuation models in predicting primary market mortgage values. Our results show that a two-variable model (short rate and building value) is the most efficient. Valuation results indicate a positive pricing spread between the primary market and the theoretically estimated value.
Bootstrapping domain ontology for semantic web services from source web sites

The vision of Semantic Web services promises a network of interoperable Web services over different sources. A major challenge to the realization of this vision is the lack of automated means of acquiring domain ontologies necessary for marking up the Web services. In this paper, we propose the DeepMiner system which learns domain ontologies from the source Web sites. Given a set of sources in a domain of interest, DeepMiner first learns a base ontology from their query interfaces. It then grows the current ontology by probing the sources and discovering additional concepts and instances from the data pages retrieved from the sources. We have evaluated DeepMiner in several real-world domains. Preliminary results indicate that DeepMiner discovers concepts and instances with high accuracy.
Application of Reverse Regression to Boston Federal Reserve Data Refutes Claims of Discrimination

The topic of mortgage discrimination has received renewed interest since publication of the Boston Federal Reserve Bank study based on 1990 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data. That study used traditional direct logistic regression to assess the influence of race on the probability of mortgage loan denial and reported the parameter estimate of race to be positive and significantly different from zero across several model specifications, thereby supporting contentions of discriminatory behavior. This paper develops an alternate approach, reverse regression, a method often used in the measurement of gender discrimination in labor markets. After discussion of theoretical issues regarding model choice, results of a reverse regression on the Boston Federal Reverse Bank study dataset are reported. Contrary to results using direct methods, reverse regression does not support contentions of mortgage discrimination in the Boston mortgage market. Rather, the lower overall qualifications of minority applicants are lik...
An overview of the Pentium Pro processor bus

The primary goal of the Pentium Pro processor bus architecture is to commoditize multiprocessing so that extremely high processing power would be readily available to the mainstream PC user. This level of performance, heretofore unattainable at these cost levels, also permits the Pentium Pro processor to enter markets such as file and compute servers and high end workstations. Such levels of processing power also opens doors for exciting new software applications such as 3D graphics and continuous speech recognition. We present the various decisions made by the Pentium Pro processor bus architecture team to achieve these goals. We believe that we have laid the foundation for a processor bus that would still be viable for processors introduced later this decade and possibly beyond.
Clinical applications of inhaled nitric oxide in children with pulmonary hypertension

We have presented our experience with the use of inhaled nitric oxide in children with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension, which indicates that nitric oxide is a selective pulmonary vasodilator that may improve patient management, particularly after surgical procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Indeed, we have now seen several patients in whom all resuscitative maneuvers for the treatment of pulmonary hypertensive crises were unsuccessful until inhaled nitric oxide was added to the therapeutic regimen. In addition, our studies using inhaled nitric oxide as an investigational probe point toward endothelial injury as a contributor to post-cardiopulmonary bypass pulmonary vasoconstriction. Inhaled nitric oxide relieves pulmonary vasoconstriction associated both with left atrial or pulmonary venous hypertension and following the relief of mitral valve or pulmonary venous obstruction. Absence of a response on the usually reactive pulmonary vascular bed of the neonate should prompt a careful search for anatomic, and possibly surgically remediable, pulmonary vascular obstruction. In the short term nitric oxide is less effective in the older patient with obliterative pulmonary vascular disease. It is possible that recent experimental work with long-term nitric oxide inhalation might be applicable to this group of patients. Nitric oxide may have a unique role in the management of the patient after lung transplantation, as it both reduces right ventricular afterload and improves intrapulmonary shunting. Is nitric oxide the ideal agent for testing pulmonary vascular reactivity? Nitric oxide is simple to deliver by either mask or ventilator and, as a trial of vasoreactivity over 15 min, remains free of side effects that might be encountered during long-term administration, such as methemoglobinemia or nitrogen dioxide toxicity. Indeed, no patient developed significant methemoglobinemia after a trial of nitric oxide and neither was a level of nitrogen dioxide above 1 ppm registered during the administration. Thus, nitric oxide gas fulfills many of the ideal characteristics, as suggested by Rubin,92 required of a drug to test the acute responsiveness of the pulmonary circulation. It has better pulmonary dilating effects than systemic, a short half-life, and minimal adverse effects and it can be both easily and quickly administered. Whether it is able to reliably predict the effect of long-term administration of orally active agents awaits confirmation. Certainly, inhaled nitric oxide is rapidly becoming the standard agent to test pulmonary vascular reactivity during diagnostic cardiac catheterization at our institution.
Gases at High Pressure

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Apparatus for NMR Under High Gas Pressure 3 Applications of NMR Under High Gas Pressure 4 Biographical Sketches Related Articles
Comparison of uterotrophic and vascular effects of estradiol-17β and estriol in the mature organism

Abstract Estradiol-17β (E 2 ) has been considered the most potent of the natural estrogens in terms of uterine growth and vasodilatation. As a result of studies of uterine growth in rodents, estriol (E 3 ) has been considered an "impedec" estrogen. In this study, direct comparisons of the actions of E 2 and E 3 on the sheep uterus were made in nonpregnant, oophorectomized ewes by using bilateral uterine artery catheters and electromagnetic flow transducers. Intra-arterial injections of E 2 or E 3 had equal growth-promoting and vascular effects. There were slight but statistically significant differences in the time course of vasodilatation. Estriol induced a more prolonged dilatatich than did estradiol.
Shanghai Rising in a Globalizing World

In a globalizing world, cities at or near the apex of the international urban hierarchy are among the favored few--New York, London, and Tokyo--that have acquired large economic, cultural, and symbolic roles. Among a handful of regions that aspire to such a role--such as Hong Kong, Miami, and Sao Paulo--Shanghai has reasonable long-term prospects. If the Chinese economy can sustain its growth rate, it will rival the United States in a few decades. And if Shanghai can sustain its preeminence in China, it is the Asian city most likely to become a global center. The authors explore the makings of a world city, identify ingredients essential for that status, indicate national and municipal policies that may set Shanghai on the path to being a global city, and show how such policies are being implemented. As urbanization continues, the authors say, and as information technology and finance-related service activities take on even more importance, the number of regional and global centers could increase, but only if they satisfy some exacting requirements. Shanghai's chances, for example, depend on the extent to which China opens up and on a host of municipal policies--policies that emphasize Shanghai's industrial strength, substantially enlarge its base of information technology and producer services, ensure an adequate supply of skills, expand available housing and infrastructure enough to meet demand, and improve the quality of life.
Exposure Assessment Approaches for Engineered Nanomaterials

Products based on nanotechnology are rapidly emerging in the marketplace, sometimes with little notice to consumers of their nanotechnology pedigree. This wide variety of nanotechnology products will result (in some cases) in unintentional human exposure to purposely engineered nanoscale materials via the dermal, inhalation, ingestion, and ocular pathways. Occupational, consumer, and environmental exposure to the nanomaterials should be characterized during the entire product lifecycle—manufacture, use, and disposal. Monitoring the fate and transport of engineered nanomaterials is complicated by the lack of detection techniques and the lack of a defined set of standardized metrics to be consistently measured. New exposure metrics may be required for engineered nanomaterials, but progress is possible by building on existing tools. An exposure metric matrix could organize existing data by relating likely exposure pathways (dermal, inhalation, ocular, ingestion) with existing measurements of important characteristics of nanoscale materials (particle number, mass, size distribution, charge). Nanomaterial characteristics not commonly measured, but shown to initiate a biological response during toxicity testing, signal a need for further research, such as the pressing need to develop monitoring devices capable of measuring those aspects of engineered nanomaterials that result in biological responses in humans. Modeling the behavior of nanoparticles may require new types of exposure models that individually track particles through the environment while keeping track of the particle shape, surface area, and other surface characteristics as the nanoparticles are transformed or become reactive. Lifecycle analysis could also be used to develop conceptual models of exposure from engineered nanomaterials.
Tilling sand: contradictions of “Social Economy” in a Chinese movement for alternative rural development

New Rural Reconstruction is an ongoing alternative development movement in China, with ties to transnational movements for “social economy,” “fair trade,” and “food sovereignty.” It consists of a diverse network of organizations and projects loosely united by the goals of reversing the rural-to-urban flow of resources and (re)constructing sustainable, self-sufficient communities based on cooperation among peasant households, supported by agroecological skill-sharing and alternative marketing. This article examines four peasant organizations in this movement, focusing on their efforts to negotiate the contradictions between their ideals and their relation to capitalism. I argue that, under present conditions, “success” at reversing the flow of resources through commercial means tends to require further integration into capitalist processes, both increasing vulnerability to global economic forces and undermining “alternative” ideals such as equality, sustainability, and participatory democracy. I thus engage critically with the interdisciplinary literature on “social economy” and cooperatives, considering how cooperative experiments might move beyond the limits of alternativism to play a role in the transformation of their socioeconomic context.
People and Places: Contrasting Perspectives on the Association between Social Class and Health:

While a substantial body of evidence demonstrates a strong association between socioeconomic variables and health outcomes, most analyses conceptualize socioeconomic status as an individual characteristic. This article argues for an expanded view that focuses on the relationship between social class and characteristics of the neighborhood and communities in which people live, and illustrates how these characteristics can provide some new directions for research relating class and health. Using the Alameda County Study, the author presents three analyses that support this view. They indicate that socioenvironmental characteristics of areas are importantly related to the mortality experience of individuals, independent of characteristics of the individuals, and that personal and socioenvironmental risk factors cluster together in areas of low income and high mortality. Studying the balance of demands and resources in areas may help to unravel some of the pathways that link social class and health.
Malignant potential in intestinal juvenile polyposis syndromes.

Background: Unlike familial polyposis coli, where the premalignant nature of adenomatous polyps is well established, the cancer risk in juvenile polyposis has generally been considered not increased. Methods: This study reviews all cases of juvenile polyposis reported in the English language to date to assess the occurrence and prognosis of carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract. Results: A total of 218 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age at diagnosis was 18.5 years (range: 9 months to 67 years). No gender preference was identified. The most common presenting symptom was chronic anemia, followed by acute gastrointestinal bleeding, rectal prolapse of polyp, protein-losing enteropathy, and intussusception. A family history of juvenile polyposis could be established in ∼50% of patients, and associated congenital malformations were detected in 15%. Ninety-nine patients underwent 138 gastrointestinal operations: 121 colorectal, 12 gastric, and 5 small intestinal procedures. The development of a gastrointestinal carcinoma was reported in 36 cases (17%). Mean age at diagnosis of carcinoma was 35.5 years (range: 4–60 years). Most malignancies were located in the distal colon and rectum, with only one case of gastric and one case of duodenal carcinoma. Tumor stage at diagnosis was usually advanced, with poor survival figures. Conclusions: This study shows that juvenile polyposis syndromes carry a more significant risk of carcinoma than generally appreciated. Therefore, more intense endoscopic surveillance may be warranted, and definitive surgical options should often be considered in these syndromes.
Extensions of solution concepts by means of multiplicative ɛ-tax games

Abstract Multiplicative ɛ-tax games are introduced that are obtained from a game by imposing a tax on any proper coalition. The imposed tax is proportional to the relative reward to the coalition for its formation from the individuals. Of particular interest is the balanced (quasi-balanced, respectively) ɛ-tax game for which the imposed tax is minimal. This least balanced (quasi-balanced) ɛ-tax game is used to extend the concept of the core (τ-value). In a similar way the stable core of a game is introduced by considering the least convex ɛ-tax game.
Unrecognized coital laceration in a series of nonvirginal adolescent girls

Abstract BACKGROUND: Nonvirginal adolescent patients with vaginal injuries as a result of apparently normal sexual intercourse constitute a small but important group of Emergency Room presentations. METHODS: A series of three nonvirginal adolescents who sustained vaginal injuries during normal coitus is presented. RESULTS: The ages were fourteen, fifteen, and sixteen. All presented to the Pediatric Emergency Department with profuse or prolonged vaginal bleeding. Two had previous hypotensive episodes. None had a hemoglobin less than 10%. One had admitted to sexual activity 24 hours prior to presentation. The other two had initially denied it but upon confidential questioning by the Gynecology consult admitted to the act many hours prior to presentation. For all of the young women, it was their second act of sexual intercourse. All denied the use of excess force or inanimate objects. All felt that the act was no different than the previous act although it was a different partner. Only one patient presented with abdominal pain. The diagnosis was not suspected in any of the patients prior to the gynecologic consult. Two of the patients were taken directly to the operating room because of profuse bleeding and the diagnosis was quickly made. One was admitted for observation for presumed dysfunctional bleeding but continued to be hypotensive with a decreasing H&H and was diagnosed by reexam. All had significant lacerations to the right vaginal fornix, one involving entry into the peritoneal cavity yet had no laceration or injury to the perineum. All had immediate repair and have done well since. None have resumed sexual activity. CONCLUSIONS: The pelvic organs are well suited for intercourse thus coital injuries, especially from consensual sex, are highly unusual. Minor injuries of the female external genitalia and introitus often occur with initial intercourse but rarely present with anything more than minor pain and bleeding. Laceration and rupture of the vaginal vault are more serious but the etiology of most is unclear. It has been postulated that the right vaginal fornix is larger than the left and because of the pouching of the glans is probably stretched most during coitus. The almost universal presentation is vaginal bleeding. Deaths from exsanguination have been reported with infection as a late complication. Management consists of control of hemorrhage and management of shock if present, prophylaxis, treatment of infection and repair of injuries. Prompt recognition and treatment of coital injuries is vital as there is significant morbidity and mortality. This series reemphasizes the importance of a detailed confidential sexual history in all our adolescent patients who present to the ER as this information may not be voluntarily given to the physician. Any patient with postintercourse pain or vaginal bleeding deserves full evaluation by the physician.
Internet‐Based Experiments: Prospects and Possibilities for Behavioral Accounting Research

The emerging technology of Internet‐based experiments offers behavioral accounting research (BAR) new possibilities for obtaining large sample sizes, providing world‐wide access to previously hard‐to‐reach participants (e.g., CFOs, audit partners, and financial analysts) and exploring new research questions. However, the validity characteristics of Internet‐based experiments differ from previous BAR technologies. Herein, we review existing BAR Internet‐based experiments, describe how to create and run Internet‐based experiments, overview emerging literature on the validity of Internet‐based experiments, and highlight several areas where the use of Internet‐based experimentation offers accounting behavioral researchers new possibilities for exploring previously uninvestigated research questions.
6 CONTRACEPTIVE COMPLIANCE IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR

Erratic contraceptive usage is a major factor in teenage pregnancy. Many studies have addressed the predictors of non-compliance in the use of oral contraceptives in adolescent clinics. This study was designed to focus on the previously ignored private sector, examining their contraceptive behaviors and predictors of their compliance. Patients from a suburban private practice of adolescent medicine were compared to the adolescent clinic population of The Children's Hospital. Profiles commonly associated with contraceptive compliance were recorded at the initial and return visits. Study subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups receiving either simplified or detailed instructions on pill usage and management of bleeding and amenorrhea. All patients were provided 3 packs of Norinyl 1+35 and scheduled for a 3 month return visit. 51 private and 60 clinic patients (15–22 yrs) were studied. Of the private patients 42 made their own appointments, 29 without parental knowledge; 77% were sexually active before first-visit, 30% having never used contraception. 82% of private and 47% of clinic patients returned at 3 months. Prior completion of a course of antibiotics did not predict O.C. compliance. The type of instruction (simplified vs. detailed) did not affect pill usage (p=.10). The many epidemiologic factors associated with receiving health care in the private sector were major determinants of compliance (p<.001).
Immunity to Cholera: Antibody Response in the Lower Ileum of the Rabbit

Extracts were prepared of whole tissue of the lower ileum, of cells separated by the citrate method, and of mucosal tissue of the muscularis after the removal of cells; all tissues were taken from rabbits immunized by parenteral and/or intraintestinal routes with cell-free supernatant of peptone-water cultures of Vibrio cholerae. Before preparation of extracts, the bowel section was washed with isotonic saline. The tissue and cell extracts, and wash, together with serum, were titrated for antitoxic and vibriocidal antibody. All showed the presence of antitoxic and complement-dependent vibriocidal antibody. Antibody activity was precipitated by 50 96 saturation with ammonium sulfate, and the recovery of precipitable protein was the same for all extracts, about 0.2 mg/cm of bowel. The antibody content ranged from 1,261 units of antitoxin/mg in tissue extract to 85 units/mg in wash. Antibody occurred in a concentration gradient from tissue to lumen, and vibriocidal antibody was more readily released from cells than was antitoxin. IgG and IgA, but not IgM, were found by immunoelectrophoresis to be present in extracts of tissues and cells and in wash. Cholera is an infection in which the causative
Takotsubo's syndrome after mitral valve repair and rescue with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

We report a case of Takotsubo's syndrome in a 37-year-old woman after mitral valve repair for severe mitral regurgitation triggered by a severe protamine reaction that was likely associated with immune-mediated coronary hypersensitivity (Kounis' syndrome) and made worse by resuscitation with high doses of catecholamines. The patient recovered fully after a 4-day course of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy (ECMO).
Ensuring a Public Health Impact of Programs to Reduce HIV Transmission From Mothers to Infants: The Place of Voluntary Counseling and Testing

Since 1999, many African governments have launched programs to offer short-course antiretroviral drug regimens to reduce mother-to child transmission of HIV. HIV testing in prenatal care is the gateway to these antiretroviral regimens. Pilot projects in Africa show an uptake of antiretroviral drugs in 8% to 50% of pregnant women presumed to be HIV infected; often, a minority of eligible women in care received these regimens. Use of lay counselors and rapid onsite HIV testing may alleviate health service barriers.Community education to promote voluntary counseling and testing, which involves men, is the long-term solution. In the short term, possibilities to enhance delivery of an effective intervention include group pretest counseling, universal offer of testing with women having the right to “opt out,” universal treatment (mass treatment for those whose HIV status is not determined by voluntary counseling and testing), universal testing with women having the right to “opt out” of learning their test resu...
Spatial correlations of Diceroprocta apache and its host plants: evidence for a negative impact from Tamarix invasion

Abstract 1. The hypothesis that the habitat-scale spatial distribution of the Apache cicada Diceroprocta apache Davis is unaffected by the presence of the invasive exotic saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima was tested using data from 205 1-m2 quadrats placed within the flood-plain of the Bill Williams River, Arizona, U.S.A. Spatial dependencies within and between cicada density and habitat variables were estimated using Moran's I and its bivariate analogue to discern patterns and associations at spatial scales from 1 to 30 m. 2. Apache cicadas were spatially aggregated in high-density clusters averaging 3 m in diameter. A positive association between cicada density, estimated by exuvial density, and the per cent canopy cover of a native tree, Goodding's willow Salix gooddingii, was detected in a non-spatial correlation analysis. No non-spatial association between cicada density and saltcedar canopy cover was detected. 3. Tests for spatial cross-correlation using the bivariate IYZ indicated the presence of a broad-scale negative association between cicada density and saltcedar canopy cover. This result suggests that large continuous stands of saltcedar are associated with reduced cicada density. In contrast, positive associations detected at spatial scales larger than individual quadrats suggested a spill-over of high cicada density from areas featuring Goodding's willow canopy into surrounding saltcedar monoculture. 4. Taken together and considered in light of the Apache cicada's polyphagous habits, the observed spatial patterns suggest that broad-scale factors such as canopy heterogeneity affect cicada habitat use more than host plant selection. This has implications for management of lower Colorado River riparian woodlands to promote cicada presence and density through maintenance or creation of stands of native trees as well as manipulation of the characteristically dense and homogeneous saltcedar canopies.
Improved fabrication techniques for infrared bolometers

Techniques are described for producing improved infrared bolometers from doped germanium. Ion implantation and sputter metalization have been used to make ohmic electrical contacts to Ge:Ga chips. This method results in a high yield of small monolithic bolometers with very little low-frequency noise. When one of these chips is used as the thermometric element of a composite bolometer, it must be bonded to a dielectric substrate. The thermal resistance of the conventional epoxy bond has been measured and found to be undesirably large. A procedure for soldering the chip to a metalized portion of the substrate is described which reduced this resistance. The contribution of the metal film absorber to the heat capacity of a composite bolometer has been measured. The heat capacity of a NiCr absorber at 1.3 K can dominate the bolometer performance. A Bi absorber has significantly lower heat capacity. A low temperature blackbody calibrator has been built to measure the optical responsivity of bolometers. A composite bolometer system with a throughput of approx. 0.1 sr sq cm was constructed using the new techniques. In negligible background it has an optical NEP of 3.6 10((exp -15) W/sq root of Hz at 1.0 K with a time constant of 20 ms. The noise in this bolometer is white above 2.5 Hz and is somewhat below the value predicted by thermodynamic equilibrium theory. It is in agreement with calculations based on a recent nonequilibrium theory.
The Mauna Loa sulfur flow as an analog to secondary sulfur flows (?) on Io

Independent evidence suggests that both sulfur and silicate materials exist on the surface of Io. Spectral data indicate the presence of sulfur compounds, some of which are suggested to be of fumarolic origin. Morphological evidence and inferences of the physical properties of some land-forms suggest that silicate volcanism has occurred, which would involve temperatures 650 C or greater. Because the liquidus of sulfur is only about 115 C, it is likely that sulfur in close proximity to 'hot spots' or to active silicate volcanic areas on Io would be melted and mobilized as flows. The Mauna Loa sulfur flow may serve as an analog for such flows, as it consists of fumarolic sulfur that was melted as a consequence of a basaltic eruption and produced a small flow superimposed on silicate lavas.
SELECTING STATISTICALLY VALID SAMPLING PLANS

[Please note: This article was also published in the Annual Quality Conference with the QICID number of 10477. Do not order both articles.] Numerous 483's issued by the FDA have cited sampling plans as not being "statistically valid." So wh..
Validation of stress intensity factors of diametrically opposed corner cracks in a hole

Abstract Population of the world’s largest database of stress intensity factor ( K ) solutions began in 2002 with the calculation of 5.6 million K solutions for diametrically opposed unsymmetric corner cracks at a straight shank hole in a finite width sheet subject to remote tension, remote bending, and bearing loading. Previous work to validate these K solutions was in the form of fatigue life predictions and crack shape development. The current work attempts to build on the previous validation efforts with the addition of comparing the calculated K solutions with K solutions obtained from carefully controlled laboratory experiments. The latter are obtained via fatigue striation measurements at high magnification, up to 40,000×, using a scanning electron microscope and crack growth rate data, in terms of d a/ d N vs. Δ K at the same test condition. The results show the numerical K solutions are within 20% of the experimentally derived K ’s at discrete locations along the crack front. The relatively large error is due to the discontinuous crack extension process of the crack front. Moreover, the entire crack front does not instantaneously extend uniformly in a self similar fashion. The crack extends stepwise over discrete portions of the crack front. Possibly averaging the striation spacing over a specified arc length of the crack front would ameliorate the discontinuous nature of crack propagation resulting in better correlation between the numerical and experimental results. As a result of the current work, we have shown time consuming striation spacing measurements at high magnification are not required to validate K solutions. The best method for such validation efforts is using the fatigue life, crack history, and crack shape which can be obtained at 1/10th the cost of obtaining striation spacing measurements.
Congressional Science Fellow goes to work for U.S. senator

AGU's 25th Congressional Science Fellow, Karen Wayland, began her Fellowship on Capitol Hill by accepting an offer to spend the year in the office of Senator Harry Reid, Democrat from Nevada. In the senator's personal office, Wayland will focus primarily on water and natural resources issues, which may include water supply and wastewater infrastructure legislation and Lake Tahoe watershed management. Despite their specific academic and research backgrounds, Congressional Science Fellows often are tasked with a wide range of legislative issues on Capitol Hill outside their immediate scientific expertise. For example, Wayland might also find herself working on Indian Affairs Committee issues for Senator Reid, or tracking the Fallon, NV cancer cluster investigation.
A transgenic mouse that reveals cell shape and arrangement during ureteric bud branching

Understanding the cellular events that underlie epithelial morphogenesis is a key problem in developmental biology. Here, we describe a new transgenic mouse line that makes it possible to visualize individual cells specifically in the Wolffian duct and ureteric bud, the epithelial structures that give rise to the collecting system of the kidney. myr-Venus, a membrane-associated form of the fluorescent protein Venus, was expressed in the ureteric bud lineage under the control of the Hoxb7 promoter. In Hoxb7/myr-Venus mice, the outlines of all Wolffian duct and ureteric bud epithelial cells are strongly labeled at all stages of urogenital development, allowing the shapes and arrangements of individual cells to be readily observed by confocal microscopy of freshly excised or cultured kidneys. This strain should be extremely useful for studies of cell behavior during ureteric bud branching morphogenesis in wild type and mutant mouse lines.
Serotonergic-catecholaminergic antagonism and locomotor control

Abstract The Scottish Terrier breed of dog is subject to an inherited locomotor defect wherein excitement leads to skeletal muscle hypertonicity. Prolonged excitement results in a reduction in serotonin turnover, as has been reported in intention myoclonus in humans and another locomotor disorder in canines. It was previously shown that augmentation of serotonin protects against the excitement-induced muscular hypertonicity, and we report here that blockade of alphacatecholamine receptors has a similar effect. Phenoxybenzamine-HCl and phentolamine both protected against the excitement-induced muscular hypertonicity, and phenoxybenzamine-HCl prevented the excitement-induced decrease in serotonin turnover as well. Abnormal locomotor activity appears to be linked to decreased serotonergic neurotransmission, but the data reported here suggest caution in interpreting these locomotor abnormalities as purely serotonergic disorders.
Calcium promotes the accumulation of polyphosphoinositides in intact and permeabilized bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

SUMMARY 1. Because cellular pools of phosphatidylinositol phosphate and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate turn over rapidly during phospholipase C stimulation, the continuing production of inositol phosphates requires continuing synthesis from phosphatidylinositol of the polyphosphoinositides. In the present study in adrenal chromaffin cells, we examined the effects of nicotinic stimulation and depolarization in intact cells and micromolar Ca 2÷ in permeabilized cells on the levels of labeled polyphosphoinositides. We compared the effects to muscarinic stimulation in intact cells and GTPTS in permeabilized cells. 2. Nicotinic stimulation, elevated K ÷, and muscarinic stimulation cause similar production of inositol phosphates (D. A. Eberhard and R. W. Holz, J. Neurochem. 49:1634-1643, 1987). Nicotinic stimulation and elevated K ÷ but not muscarinic stimulation increased the levels of [3H]inositol-labeled phosphatidylinositol phosphate by 30-60% and [3H]phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate by 25-30%. The increase required Ca 2÷ in the medium, was maximal by 1-2 min, and was not preceded by an initial decrease in phosphatidylinositol phosphate and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. 3. In digitonin-permeabilized cells, Ca 2÷ caused as much as a twofold increase in [3H]phosphatidylinositol phosphate and [3H]phosphatidylinositol bis
Coupling of a thermogravimetric analyzer with mass spectrometer

Abstract A simple experimental set-up was designed to interface a thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA) and a mass spectrometer. With appropriate calibration the system is suitable not only for qualitative, but also the quantitative, determination of the pyrolytic products evolving from pyrolyzing carbohydrate samples in the TGA.
Competition between hatchery-raised rio grande cutthroat trout and wild brown trout

Abstract An important problem for conservation of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii is the presence of nonnative trout. We used eight 20-m instream enclosures on the Rio Cebolla, New Mexico, to evaluate competition between hatchery-raised Rio Grande cutthroat trout O. clarkii virginalis and similar-sized wild, nonnative brown trout Salmo trutta. Four control enclosures each contained 20 fish of the same species; four treatment enclosures each contained equal numbers of like-sized fish of the two species. Results indicated that wild brown trout were superior competitors to hatchery-raised Rio Grande cutthroat trout. Significant interspecific competition was inferred from comparisons of treatment fish with their controls. Among Rio Grande cutthroat trout, control fish grew in length and body weight, whereas growth of fish confined in enclosures with brown trout was significantly lower than that of controls (P < 0.001). In contrast, brown trout enclosed with Rio Grande cutthroat trout experienced signific...